diff --git a/LICENSES/Biopython.rst b/LICENSES/Biopython.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..748dd92a95aaeb6c1914a774713d23f51b48c7fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/Biopython.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+Biopython is currently released under the "Biopython License Agreement"
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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+Biopython License Agreement
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diff --git a/LICENSES/COGNI-CC0-1.0.txt b/LICENSES/COGNI-CC0-1.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e259d42c996742e9e3cba14c677129b2c1b6311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/COGNI-CC0-1.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+Creative Commons Legal Code
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diff --git a/LICENSES/CoolProp-MIT.txt b/LICENSES/CoolProp-MIT.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2bcd1175645f85feec6ebdb20beb569c9f5a58c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/CoolProp-MIT.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2012-2018 Ian H. Bell and other CoolProp developers
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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diff --git a/LICENSES/KiMoPack-GPL-3.0.txt b/LICENSES/KiMoPack-GPL-3.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f288702d2fa16d3cdf0035b15a9fcbc552cd88e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/KiMoPack-GPL-3.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
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+  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
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+
+  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+
+  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
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+sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+
+  11. Patents.
+
+  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
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+
+  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
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+  In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
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+  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
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+available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
+patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
+consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
+license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
+actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
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+
+  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
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+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
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+
+  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
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+conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
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+contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
+or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
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+not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
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+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
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+section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
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+
+  14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
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+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
+public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
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+
+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
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+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
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+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
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+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
diff --git a/LICENSES/OPERA-MIT.txt b/LICENSES/OPERA-MIT.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0ed7bc45f805a175c3c31ede22b5258a044ab5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/OPERA-MIT.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 kmansouri
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/LICENSES/XrayDB.txt b/LICENSES/XrayDB.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f13c78978591225341dfda5ccaafea77c5f44411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/XrayDB.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+The MIT Licene
+
+Copyright 2025  Matthew Newville, The University of Chicago, newville@cars.uchicago.edu
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
+associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute,
+sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
+substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT
+NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT
+OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/LICENSES/chemicals-MIT.txt b/LICENSES/chemicals-MIT.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d527c74cae8e5f17db669851e1dc4ac3c9de27ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/chemicals-MIT.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (C) 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Caleb Bell <Caleb.Andrew.Bell@gmail.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/LICENSES/openpoly-MIT.txt b/LICENSES/openpoly-MIT.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db550b47d9d346237ecb6f368f1ee045791fecd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/openpoly-MIT.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 WangGroupFDU
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/LICENSES/srsinst-rga-MIT.txt b/LICENSES/srsinst-rga-MIT.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e0e131bd61b5486bc11a3bc039a9fda3958a491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/srsinst-rga-MIT.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2022, 2023 Stanford Research Systems
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/LICENSES/teMatDb-MIT.txt b/LICENSES/teMatDb-MIT.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8405b1102aa0be74b2371016b8cfd97d6961b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSES/teMatDb-MIT.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+> ⚠️ Note: This repository depends on [`pykeri`](https://github.com/byungkiryu/teMatDb/tree/main/pykeri), which is developed and licensed separately. See the pykeri repository for more details.
+
+
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2025 Byungki Ryu
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights  
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell    
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is        
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in  
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR   
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,     
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
diff --git a/catalog/catalog.csv b/catalog/catalog.csv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87a78790e6842d99812196decdfbbd5fd3e61f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/catalog/catalog.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+id,chem_id,name,maker,model,name_zh,domain_name,path,n_components,n_joints,n_state_slots,n_capabilities,n_readouts,n_interface_points,n_sources,output_templates,size_x_m,size_y_m,size_z_m,glb,urdf,contract
+instrument.mt_xpr204e,CHEM-001,Analytical balance,METTLER TOLEDO,XPR204E,CHEM-001 分析天平（METTLER TOLEDO XPR204E目标；PX224E功能族几何）,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/mt_xpr204e,25,16,22,9,1,1,14,False,0.209,0.3286,0.309,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/mt_xpr204e/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/mt_xpr204e/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/mt_xpr204e/asset.contract.json
+instrument.mt_hx204,CHEM-002,Halogen moisture analyzer,METTLER TOLEDO,HX204,METTLER TOLEDO HX204 卤素水分测定仪,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/mt_hx204,56,5,14,8,2,1,6,False,0.2309,0.597,0.1437,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/mt_hx204/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/mt_hx204/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/mt_hx204/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_dma5002,CHEM-003,Oscillating U-tube density meter,Anton Paar,DMA 5002,Anton Paar DMA 5002振动管液体密度计,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_dma5002,39,4,17,9,2,2,5,False,0.3607,0.5298,0.252,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_dma5002/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_dma5002/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_dma5002/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_abbematadvanced,CHEM-004,Digital refractometer,Anton Paar,Abbemat Advanced 5201,Anton Paar Abbemat Advanced 5201数字折射仪,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_abbematadvanced,38,5,19,10,3,1,5,False,0.2261,0.3338,0.1242,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_abbematadvanced/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_abbematadvanced/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_abbematadvanced/asset.contract.json
+instrument.metrohm_914,CHEM-005,pH / DO / conductivity meter,Metrohm,914 pH/DO/Conductometer,CHEM-005 多参数电化学水质测定仪 — Metrohm 914 pH/DO/Conductometer,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_914,11,3,44,11,0,0,7,False,0.2062,0.208,0.0551,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_914/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_914/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_914/asset.contract.json
+instrument.mt_mp70,CHEM-006,Automatic melting-point system,METTLER TOLEDO,MP70,METTLER TOLEDO MP70自动熔点仪,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/mt_mp70,51,4,26,10,3,4,6,False,0.1806,0.3519,0.19,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/mt_mp70/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/mt_mp70/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/mt_mp70/asset.contract.json
+instrument.aqualab_4te,CHEM-007,Water-activity meter,AQUALAB,4TE,AQUALAB 4TE水活度仪,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/aqualab_4te,39,10,27,13,2,1,6,False,0.267,0.184,0.129,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/aqualab_4te/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/aqualab_4te/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/aqualab_4te/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ika_plate_rctdigital,CHEM-008,Magnetic hotplate stirrer,IKA,Plate RCT digital,磁力加热搅拌器IKA Plate (RCT digital)（25004601，附PT1000）,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/expansion_batch05/t4_measure/ika_plate_rctdigital,31,8,33,33,13,7,14,True,0.16,0.27,0.0849,assets/expansion_batch05/t4_measure/ika_plate_rctdigital/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch05/t4_measure/ika_plate_rctdigital/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch05/t4_measure/ika_plate_rctdigital/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ika_ks4000,CHEM-009,Incubated orbital shaker,IKA,KS 4000 i control,IKA KS 4000 i control恒温轨道摇床,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/ika_ks4000,48,14,33,14,3,9,7,False,0.58,0.75,0.52,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/ika_ks4000/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/ika_ks4000/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/ika_ks4000/asset.contract.json
+instrument.eppendorf_5910ri,CHEM-010,Refrigerated multipurpose centrifuge,Eppendorf,5910 Ri,CHEM-010 冷冻多用途离心机 Eppendorf 5910 Ri,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/eppendorf_5910ri,16,2,23,13,2,24,11,False,0.72,0.68,0.37,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/eppendorf_5910ri/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/eppendorf_5910ri/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/eppendorf_5910ri/asset.contract.json
+instrument.binder_fd056,CHEM-011,Forced-convection drying oven,BINDER,FD 56,强制对流干燥箱BINDER FD 56（FD056-230V，标准配置）,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/expansion_batch05/t4_measure/binder_fd056,34,7,25,32,6,8,15,True,0.564,0.6425,0.625,assets/expansion_batch05/t4_measure/binder_fd056/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch05/t4_measure/binder_fd056/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch05/t4_measure/binder_fd056/asset.contract.json
+instrument.binder_vd56,CHEM-012,Vacuum drying oven,BINDER,VD 56,BINDER VD 56 真空干燥箱（标准单铝搁板配置）,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/binder_vd56,24,7,10,6,1,6,14,False,0.638,0.538,0.815,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/binder_vd56/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/binder_vd56/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/binder_vd56/asset.contract.json
+instrument.elma_elmasonics60h,CHEM-013,Ultrasonic cleaning bath,Elma,Elmasonic S60H,Elma Elmasonic S60H原版超声清洗槽,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/elma_elmasonics60h,38,8,56,15,26,2,5,False,0.365,0.2104,0.2727,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/elma_elmasonics60h/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/elma_elmasonics60h/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/elma_elmasonics60h/asset.contract.json
+instrument.hach_tl2300epa,CHEM-014,Benchtop turbidimeter,Hach,TL2300 EPA,Hach TL2300 EPA钨灯台式浊度仪,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/hach_tl2300epa,33,2,26,11,3,2,7,False,0.3956,0.309,0.1534,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/hach_tl2300epa/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/hach_tl2300epa/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/hach_tl2300epa/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_monowave400,CHEM-015,Microwave synthesis reactor,Anton Paar,Monowave 400,Anton Paar Monowave 400微波合成反应器,Reaction & Molecular Synthesis,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/antonpaar_monowave400,40,3,32,12,3,2,11,False,0.4204,0.5594,0.3102,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/antonpaar_monowave400/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/antonpaar_monowave400/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/antonpaar_monowave400/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ika_electrasyn2,CHEM-016,Electro-organic synthesis system,IKA,ElectraSyn 2.0,IKA ElectraSyn 2.0 Package电有机合成仪,Reaction & Molecular Synthesis,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/ika_electrasyn2,36,2,40,12,4,1,10,False,0.13,0.2509,0.15,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/ika_electrasyn2/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/ika_electrasyn2/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/ika_electrasyn2/asset.contract.json
+instrument.hepatochem_photoredoxbox,CHEM-017,Photochemical reactor,HepatoChem,PhotoRedOx Box UV-Vis,HepatoChem PhotoRedOx Box UV-Vis HCK1022-01-001受控光反应器,Reaction & Molecular Synthesis,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/hepatochem_photoredoxbox,62,3,36,15,3,8,7,False,0.3556,0.3556,0.3048,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/hepatochem_photoredoxbox/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/hepatochem_photoredoxbox/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/hepatochem_photoredoxbox/asset.contract.json
+instrument.parr_4591,CHEM-018,Micro high-pressure stirred reactor,Parr Instrument,4591,微型高压搅拌反应釜 Parr Instrument 4591（标准FKM密封）,Reaction & Molecular Synthesis,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/parr_4591,30,9,22,10,1,1,10,False,0.3048,0.4572,0.6858,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/parr_4591/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/parr_4591/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/parr_4591/asset.contract.json
+instrument.syrris_asiadiscovery,CHEM-019,Continuous-flow chemistry system,Syrris,Asia Discovery,Syrris Asia Discovery Regular 连续流化学合成系统,Reaction & Molecular Synthesis,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/syrris_asiadiscovery,66,4,38,13,3,11,16,False,1.23,0.3103,0.48,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/syrris_asiadiscovery/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/syrris_asiadiscovery/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/syrris_asiadiscovery/asset.contract.json
+instrument.thalesnano_hcube,CHEM-020,Continuous-flow hydrogenation reactor,ThalesNano,H-Cube Pro,ThalesNano H-Cube Pro 连续流催化加氢仪,Reaction & Molecular Synthesis,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/thalesnano_hcube,70,5,41,17,3,6,11,False,0.4962,0.5095,0.2745,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/thalesnano_hcube/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/thalesnano_hcube/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/thalesnano_hcube/asset.contract.json
+instrument.radleys_mya4,CHEM-021,Parallel reaction station (4 independent zones),Radleys,Mya 4,独立温区并行反应工作站 Radleys Mya 4,Reaction & Molecular Synthesis,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/radleys_mya4,33,4,92,15,4,4,12,False,0.6,0.611,0.4992,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/radleys_mya4/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/radleys_mya4/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/radleys_mya4/asset.contract.json
+instrument.cem_libertyblue,CHEM-022,Automated microwave peptide synthesizer,CEM,Liberty Blue 2.0,CEM Liberty Blue 2.0 自动固相多肽合成仪,Reaction & Molecular Synthesis,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/cem_libertyblue,103,2,34,13,3,47,15,False,1.15,0.52,0.78,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/cem_libertyblue/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/cem_libertyblue/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/cem_libertyblue/asset.contract.json
+instrument.cytiva_ktaoligosynt,CHEM-023,Oligonucleotide synthesizer,Cytiva,ÄKTA oligosynt,Cytiva ÄKTA oligosynt 寡核苷酸合成仪,Reaction & Molecular Synthesis,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/cytiva_ktaoligosynt,116,3,31,12,3,53,15,False,0.7,0.54,0.63,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/cytiva_ktaoligosynt/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/cytiva_ktaoligosynt/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/cytiva_ktaoligosynt/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ika_rv10_digital_v,CHEM-024,Rotary evaporator,IKA,RV 10 digital V,IKA RV 10 digital V 旋转蒸发仪,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/ika_rv10,23,5,26,10,2,2,13,False,0.5,0.44,0.6822,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/ika_rv10/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/ika_rv10/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/ika_rv10/asset.contract.json
+instrument.buchi_lyovapor_l250_pro,CHEM-025,Freeze dryer,BUCHI,Lyovapor L-250 Pro,冷冻干燥机 BUCHI Lyovapor L-250 Pro,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/buchi_lyovapor_l250,14,3,34,13,3,4,8,False,0.503,0.645,0.9275,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/buchi_lyovapor_l250/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/buchi_lyovapor_l250/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/buchi_lyovapor_l250/asset.contract.json
+instrument.buchi_minispray,CHEM-026,Lab spray dryer,BUCHI,Mini Spray Dryer S-300,BUCHI Mini Spray Dryer S-300 实验室喷雾干燥机,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/buchi_minispray,62,2,26,16,3,13,11,False,0.62,0.64,1.052,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/buchi_minispray/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/buchi_minispray/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/buchi_minispray/asset.contract.json
+instrument.tousimis_autosamdri815,CHEM-027,Critical point dryer,Tousimis,Autosamdri-815 Series B,Tousimis Autosamdri-815 Series B 8779C 临界点干燥仪,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/tousimis_autosamdri815,66,2,30,13,3,8,12,False,0.598,0.546,0.32,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/tousimis_autosamdri815/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/tousimis_autosamdri815/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/tousimis_autosamdri815/asset.contract.json
+instrument.buchi_speedextractore,CHEM-028,Pressurized solvent extractor,BUCHI,SpeedExtractor E-916,BUCHI SpeedExtractor E-916 六位四溶剂加压萃取仪,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/buchi_speedextractore,138,4,33,14,3,24,14,False,0.67,0.5,0.725,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/buchi_speedextractore/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/buchi_speedextractore/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/buchi_speedextractore/asset.contract.json
+instrument.gilson_cpc250,CHEM-029,Centrifugal partition chromatograph,Gilson,CPC 250,Gilson CPC250与PLC2050液液分配纯化系统,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/gilson_cpc250,256,3,28,10,3,202,11,False,1.39,0.59,0.66,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/gilson_cpc250/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/gilson_cpc250/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/gilson_cpc250/asset.contract.json
+instrument.sartorius_vivaflow200,CHEM-030,Tangential-flow ultrafiltration module,Sartorius,Vivaflow 200,Sartorius Vivaflow200单盒切向流超滤组件,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/sartorius_vivaflow200,48,1,33,10,0,4,14,False,0.1808,0.038,0.2025,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/sartorius_vivaflow200/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/sartorius_vivaflow200/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/sartorius_vivaflow200/asset.contract.json
+instrument.biotage_extrahera_classic,CHEM-031,Automated solid-phase extraction workstation,Biotage,Extrahera Classic,Biotage Extrahera Classic 自动固相萃取工作站,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/biotage_extrahera,24,0,30,10,0,3,14,False,0.86,0.57,0.73,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/biotage_extrahera/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/biotage_extrahera/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/biotage_extrahera/asset.contract.json
+instrument.sft_sft110,CHEM-032,Supercritical fluid extractor,Supercritical Fluid Technologies,SFT-110,SFT110超临界流体萃取仪100mL配置,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/sft_sft110,64,3,30,13,3,6,11,False,0.29,0.57,0.76,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/sft_sft110/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/sft_sft110/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/sft_sft110/asset.contract.json
+instrument.syrris_asiafllex,CHEM-033,Flow liquid–liquid extraction module,Syrris,Asia FLLEX,Asia FLLEX连续流液液萃取模块,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/syrris_asiafllex,58,2,42,15,1,6,14,False,0.16,0.3032,0.13,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/syrris_asiafllex/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/syrris_asiafllex/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/syrris_asiafllex/asset.contract.json
+instrument.biotage_selekt,CHEM-034,Automated flash chromatography system,Biotage,"Selekt (UV, single bed)",Biotage Selekt双通道单床UV快速制备色谱仪,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/biotage_selekt,200,3,55,15,4,151,12,False,0.335,0.393,0.545,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/biotage_selekt/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/biotage_selekt/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/biotage_selekt/asset.contract.json
+instrument.pccell_ed64002,CHEM-035,Lab electrodialysis stack,PCCell,ED 64002 + BED1-2 Basic,PCCell ED64002 / BED1-2 Basic实验室电渗析组件,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/pccell_ed64002,112,3,28,14,2,10,11,False,0.8,0.36,0.3412,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/pccell_ed64002/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/pccell_ed64002/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/pccell_ed64002/asset.contract.json
+instrument.genevac_mivac2,CHEM-036,Centrifugal vacuum concentrator,Genevac / SP Industries,miVac 2 Duo,Genevac miVac 2 Duo离心真空浓缩仪 Rev00101/25,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/genevac_mivac2,52,9,22,13,2,8,12,False,0.3605,0.4567,0.3002,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/genevac_mivac2/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/genevac_mivac2/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/genevac_mivac2/asset.contract.json
+instrument.pilodist_pilodist104,CHEM-037,High-efficiency lab fractional distillation unit,PILODIST,PILODIST 104,PILODIST104高效实验室精馏装置6L90板规格,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/pilodist_pilodist104,95,4,24,15,2,12,14,False,1.6,0.5,2.7,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/pilodist_pilodist104/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/pilodist_pilodist104/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/pilodist_pilodist104/asset.contract.json
+instrument.uic_kdl1basic,CHEM-038,Short-path wiped-film molecular still,UIC,KDL1 Basic,UIC KDL1 Basic 刮膜短程分子蒸馏装置,"Extraction, Purification & Drying",assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/uic_kdl1basic,74,5,30,17,1,13,23,False,0.8,0.4,1.2,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/uic_kdl1basic/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/uic_kdl1basic/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/uic_kdl1basic/asset.contract.json
+instrument.scp_digiprepms,CHEM-039,Graphite block digestion system,SCP SCIENCE,DigiPREP MS,SCP SCIENCE DigiPREP MS 010-500-205 石墨块消解仪,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/scp_digiprepms,112,2,24,13,0,50,13,False,0.49,0.4006,0.18,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/scp_digiprepms/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/scp_digiprepms/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/scp_digiprepms/asset.contract.json
+instrument.retsch_pm100,CHEM-040,Planetary ball mill,RETSCH,PM 100,RETSCH PM 100 单工位行星式球磨仪,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_pm100,72,8,24,13,1,3,5,False,0.64,0.432,0.48,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_pm100/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_pm100/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_pm100/asset.contract.json
+instrument.retsch_as200,CHEM-041,Vibratory sieve shaker,RETSCH,AS 200 control,RETSCH AS 200 control 振动筛分仪,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_as200,61,16,24,20,3,4,7,False,0.417,0.3895,0.842,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_as200/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_as200/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_as200/asset.contract.json
+instrument.retsch_pt100,CHEM-042,Rotary sample divider,RETSCH,PT 100,RETSCH PT100旋转缩分仪与DR100,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_pt100,74,15,25,21,2,5,9,False,0.582,0.42,0.9115,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_pt100/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_pt100/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/retsch_pt100/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ika_t25,CHEM-043,Rotor–stator disperser,IKA,T 25 digital ULTRA-TURRAX,IKA T25digital转子定子分散机,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ika_t25,34,4,30,16,1,4,8,False,0.32,0.3,0.628,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ika_t25/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ika_t25/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ika_t25/asset.contract.json
+instrument.sonics_vcx750,CHEM-044,Probe ultrasonic processor,Sonics,VCX 750,Sonics VCX750探头式超声处理器,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/sonics_vcx750,66,25,34,19,4,5,7,False,0.52,0.3679,0.49,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/sonics_vcx750/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/sonics_vcx750/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/sonics_vcx750/asset.contract.json
+instrument.thinky_are310s,CHEM-045,Planetary centrifugal mixer,THINKY,ARE-310,THINKY ARE-310S-UL行星离心混合脱泡机,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/thinky_are310s,40,10,33,14,2,5,9,False,0.4279,0.336,0.3808,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/thinky_are310s/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/thinky_are310s/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/thinky_are310s/asset.contract.json
+instrument.metrohm_909uv,CHEM-046,UV digester,Metrohm,909 UV Digester,Metrohm909UV紫外消解仪,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/metrohm_909uv,72,10,31,17,3,14,6,False,0.33,0.31,0.5,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/metrohm_909uv/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/metrohm_909uv/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/metrohm_909uv/asset.contract.json
+instrument.multiwave_7101,CHEM-047,Microwave acid digestion system,Anton Paar,Multiwave 7101,微波酸消解仪 Anton Paar Multiwave 7101（24×8 mL架）,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/multiwave_7101,44,1,16,11,1,0,13,False,0.497,0.742,0.47,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/multiwave_7101/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/multiwave_7101/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/multiwave_7101/asset.contract.json
+instrument.velp_udk159,CHEM-048,Automatic Kjeldahl distillation & titration unit,VELP,UDK 159,VELP UDK159自动蒸汽蒸馏滴定仪,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/velp_udk159,57,6,34,18,3,9,10,False,0.385,0.416,0.78,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/velp_udk159/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/velp_udk159/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/velp_udk159/asset.contract.json
+instrument.buchi_hydrolexh,CHEM-049,Acid hydrolysis unit,BUCHI,HydrolEx H-506,BUCHI HydrolEx H-506酸水解前处理仪,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/buchi_hydrolexh,92,10,25,19,0,16,12,False,0.312,0.614,0.47,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/buchi_hydrolexh/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/buchi_hydrolexh/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/buchi_hydrolexh/asset.contract.json
+instrument.malvern_leneo,CHEM-050,Automated fusion bead maker,Malvern Panalytical / Claisse,LeNeo,Malvern Panalytical Claisse LeNeo自动熔融制样仪,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/malvern_leneo,70,6,20,15,3,5,6,False,0.5563,0.5737,0.52,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/malvern_leneo/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/malvern_leneo/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/malvern_leneo/asset.contract.json
+instrument.specac_atlasmanual,CHEM-051,Hydraulic pellet press,Specac,Atlas Manual 15T,Specac Atlas Manual15T液压粉末压片机,Digestion & Solid Sample Prep,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/specac_atlasmanual,57,9,27,16,0,3,6,False,0.31,0.19,0.61,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/specac_atlasmanual/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/specac_atlasmanual/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/specac_atlasmanual/asset.contract.json
+instrument.buchi_encapsulatorb,CHEM-052,Vibrating-nozzle encapsulator,BUCHI,Encapsulator B-390,BUCHI Encapsulator B-390振动喷嘴微胶囊制备仪,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/buchi_encapsulatorb,53,8,30,23,4,10,6,False,0.435,0.34,0.29,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/buchi_encapsulatorb/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/buchi_encapsulatorb/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/buchi_encapsulatorb/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ossila_spincoater,CHEM-053,Spin coater,Ossila,Spin Coater V3,Ossila Spin Coater Standard V3 L2001A3旋涂机,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_spincoater,45,15,13,12,3,4,7,False,0.171,0.234,0.1399,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_spincoater/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_spincoater/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_spincoater/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ossila_dipcoater,CHEM-054,Dip coater,Ossila,Dip Coater V2,Ossila Dip Coater V2 L2006A2（手册2.0.A）,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_dipcoater,45,15,18,17,3,4,7,False,0.2,0.3,0.35,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_dipcoater/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_dipcoater/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_dipcoater/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ossila_doctorblade,CHEM-055,Automated doctor-blade coater,Ossila,Doctor Blade Coater,Ossila Doctor Blade Coater（100mm数字刮刀＋8mm玻璃台）,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_doctorblade,66,16,21,18,4,4,8,False,0.28,0.36,0.19,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_doctorblade/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_doctorblade/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_doctorblade/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ossila_slotdie,CHEM-056,Slot-die coater,Ossila,Slot-Die Coater V2,Ossila Slot-Die Coater V2 L2005A2（100mm标准模头/5mL注射器）,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_slotdie,64,17,29,22,6,5,8,False,0.28,0.36,0.19,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_slotdie/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_slotdie/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/ossila_slotdie/asset.contract.json
+instrument.thermo_process11,CHEM-057,Lab twin-screw extruder,Thermo Fisher Scientific,Process 11,Thermo Scientific Process11（标准350℃双螺杆）,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/thermo_process11,66,5,32,22,10,7,7,False,0.82,0.48,0.41,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/thermo_process11/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/thermo_process11/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/thermo_process11/asset.contract.json
+instrument.fujifilm_dmp2850,CHEM-058,Materials inkjet printer,FUJIFILM Dimatix,DMP-2850,FUJIFILM Dimatix DMP-2850 S（SAMBA 12喷嘴）,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/fujifilm_dmp2850,60,4,28,21,6,7,9,False,0.673,0.5917,0.419,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/fujifilm_dmp2850/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/fujifilm_dmp2850/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/fujifilm_dmp2850/asset.contract.json
+instrument.linari_rtadvanced,CHEM-059,Electrospinning system,Linari Nanotech,RT Advanced,Linari Nanotech RT Advanced静电纺丝系统,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/linari_rtadvanced,63,14,33,21,6,15,6,False,1.05,1.0455,2.2,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/linari_rtadvanced/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/linari_rtadvanced/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/linari_rtadvanced/asset.contract.json
+instrument.cytiva_nanoassemblrignite,CHEM-060,Microfluidic nanoparticle formulation system,Cytiva / Precision NanoSystems,NanoAssemblr Ignite,NanoAssemblr Ignite NIN0001微流控制备仪,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/cytiva_nanoassemblrignite,43,9,35,20,6,12,9,False,0.381,0.3527,0.38,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/cytiva_nanoassemblrignite/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/cytiva_nanoassemblrignite/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/cytiva_nanoassemblrignite/asset.contract.json
+instrument.glatt_miniglatt,CHEM-061,Fluid-bed granulator / coater,Glatt,Mini-Glatt,Glatt Mini-Glatt2012流化床制粒包衣仪,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/glatt_miniglatt,54,12,33,21,4,12,9,False,0.7057,0.7587,0.84,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/glatt_miniglatt/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/glatt_miniglatt/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/glatt_miniglatt/asset.contract.json
+instrument.quorum_q150tes,CHEM-062,Sputter & carbon coater,Quorum Technologies,Q150T ES Plus,Quorum Q150T ES Plus显微样品镀膜机,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/quorum_q150tes,52,7,28,18,6,10,10,False,0.585,0.5546,0.41,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/quorum_q150tes/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/quorum_q150tes/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/quorum_q150tes/asset.contract.json
+instrument.laboao_cvdltf12p50,CHEM-063,Chemical vapour deposition system,LABOAO,CVD-LTF12P50,LABOAO CVD-LTF12P50单温区化学气相沉积系统,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/laboao_cvdltf12p50,110,10,34,16,6,12,10,False,1.9073,0.62,1.378,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/laboao_cvdltf12p50/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/laboao_cvdltf12p50/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/laboao_cvdltf12p50/asset.contract.json
+instrument.arradiance_gemstarxt,CHEM-064,Atomic layer deposition system,Arradiance,GEMStar XT-SP (PEALD / thermal ALD),Arradiance GEMStar XT-SP单歧管PEALD/热ALD系统,Thin-Film & Functional Materials,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/arradiance_gemstarxt,74,8,31,21,6,20,11,False,1.1576,0.6096,0.635,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/arradiance_gemstarxt/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/arradiance_gemstarxt/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t5_automation/arradiance_gemstarxt/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jasco_j1500,CHEM-065,Circular dichroism spectrometer,JASCO,J-1500,JASCO J-1500 150W标准PMT电子圆二色光谱仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_j1500,60,2,25,18,6,9,11,False,1.055,0.6655,0.39,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_j1500/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_j1500/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_j1500/asset.contract.json
+instrument.bruker_minispecmq20,CHEM-066,Time-domain NMR relaxometer,Bruker,minispec mq20,Bruker minispec mq20时域核磁弛豫分析仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_minispecmq20,59,1,21,17,6,8,18,False,0.7492,0.787,0.356,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_minispecmq20/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_minispecmq20/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_minispecmq20/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jasco_fp8350,CHEM-067,Spectrofluorometer,JASCO,FP-8350,JASCO FP-8350 荧光分光光度计,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jasco_fp8350,61,2,25,19,6,7,8,False,0.84,0.5663,0.27,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jasco_fp8350/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jasco_fp8350/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jasco_fp8350/asset.contract.json
+instrument.magritek_spinsolve80,CHEM-068,Benchtop NMR spectrometer,Magritek,Spinsolve 80 Carbon,核磁共振结构光谱仪 — Magritek Spinsolve 80 Carbon,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/magritek_spinsolve80,13,1,24,15,0,1,10,False,0.5814,0.4005,0.675,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/magritek_spinsolve80/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/magritek_spinsolve80/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/magritek_spinsolve80/asset.contract.json
+instrument.bruker_magnettechesr5000,CHEM-069,Benchtop EPR spectrometer,Bruker,Magnettech ESR5000,Bruker Magnettech ESR5000 电子顺磁共振谱仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_magnettechesr5000,57,1,21,19,6,7,12,False,0.397,0.426,0.2032,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_magnettechesr5000/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_magnettechesr5000/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_magnettechesr5000/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jasco_p4200,CHEM-070,Digital polarimeter,JASCO,P-4200,JASCO P-4200 数字旋光仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jasco_p4200,58,2,23,20,6,7,9,False,0.55,0.3582,0.21,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jasco_p4200/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jasco_p4200/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jasco_p4200/asset.contract.json
+instrument.hach_dr6000,CHEM-071,UV-Vis spectrophotometer,Hach,DR6000,Hach DR6000 紫外可见分光光度计,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/hach_dr6000,14,1,14,13,1,1,7,False,0.5,0.46,0.215,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/hach_dr6000/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/hach_dr6000/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/hach_dr6000/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jasco_ftir4700,CHEM-072,FT-IR spectrometer,JASCO,FT/IR-4700,JASCO FT/IR-4700 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/jasco_ftir4700,17,1,18,12,0,1,7,False,0.46,0.645,0.29,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/jasco_ftir4700/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/jasco_ftir4700/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/jasco_ftir4700/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jasco_nrs5500,CHEM-073,Raman microscope,JASCO,NRS-5500,JASCO NRS-5500 显微拉曼光谱仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_nrs5500,61,4,26,23,6,7,8,False,1.15,0.89,0.67,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_nrs5500/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_nrs5500/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_nrs5500/asset.contract.json
+instrument.applied_sx20,CHEM-074,Stopped-flow kinetics spectrometer,Applied Photophysics,SX20,Applied Photophysics SX20 停流反应动力学光谱仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/applied_sx20,63,6,30,19,6,9,9,False,1.2,0.5,0.5775,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/applied_sx20/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/applied_sx20/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/applied_sx20/asset.contract.json
+instrument.edinburgh_fls1000tcspc,CHEM-075,Time-resolved fluorescence (TCSPC) spectrometer,Edinburgh Instruments,FLS1000,Edinburgh Instruments FLS1000 TCSPC 时间分辨荧光寿命光谱仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/edinburgh_fls1000tcspc,55,4,26,18,6,8,17,False,1.2,0.8,0.63,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/edinburgh_fls1000tcspc/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/edinburgh_fls1000tcspc/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/edinburgh_fls1000tcspc/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ultrafast_helios,CHEM-076,Femtosecond transient absorption spectrometer,Ultrafast Systems,HELIOS,Ultrafast Systems HELIOS 飞秒瞬态吸收光谱仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/ultrafast_helios,56,4,25,17,6,6,13,False,1.5,0.85,0.66,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/ultrafast_helios/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/ultrafast_helios/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/ultrafast_helios/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jasco_fvs6000,CHEM-077,Vibrational circular dichroism spectrometer,JASCO,FVS-6000,JASCO FVS-6000 振动圆二色光谱仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_fvs6000,74,4,32,22,6,10,12,False,0.945,0.67,0.425,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_fvs6000/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_fvs6000/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_fvs6000/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jasco_cpl300,CHEM-078,Circularly polarized luminescence spectrometer,JASCO,CPL-300,JASCO CPL-300 圆偏振发光光谱仪,Molecular Spectroscopy & Structure,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_cpl300,107,5,29,22,6,7,13,False,2.4,0.7,1.0,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_cpl300/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_cpl300/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jasco_cpl300/asset.contract.json
+instrument.elementar_varioel,CHEM-079,Organic elemental (CHNS) analyzer,Elementar,vario EL cube,Elementar vario EL cube 有机元素分析仪,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/elementar_varioel,81,5,31,23,6,7,11,False,0.815,0.55,0.57,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/elementar_varioel/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/elementar_varioel/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/elementar_varioel/asset.contract.json
+instrument.shimadzu_tocl,CHEM-080,Total organic carbon analyzer,Shimadzu,TOC-L CSH,Shimadzu TOC-L CSH 总有机碳分析仪,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/shimadzu_tocl,148,40,32,29,6,9,29,False,0.34,0.66,0.48,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/shimadzu_tocl/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/shimadzu_tocl/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/shimadzu_tocl/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jena_contraa800,CHEM-081,Atomic absorption spectrometer,Analytik Jena,contrAA 800 D,Analytik Jena contrAA 800 D 原子吸收光谱仪,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jena_contraa800,118,10,41,33,6,14,14,False,1.115,0.97,0.625,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jena_contraa800/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jena_contraa800/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/jena_contraa800/asset.contract.json
+instrument.shimadzu_icpe9800,CHEM-082,ICP optical emission spectrometer,Shimadzu,ICPE-9800,Shimadzu ICPE-9820 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（9800系列）,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_icpe9800,97,3,36,33,6,9,83,False,1.3,0.72,0.91,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_icpe9800/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_icpe9800/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_icpe9800/asset.contract.json
+instrument.shimadzu_icpms2030,CHEM-083,ICP mass spectrometer,Shimadzu,ICPMS-2030,Shimadzu ICPMS-2030 电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_icpms2030,126,5,37,30,6,10,18,False,1.0133,0.645,0.857,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_icpms2030/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_icpms2030/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_icpms2030/asset.contract.json
+instrument.shimadzu_edx7200,CHEM-084,Energy-dispersive XRF spectrometer,Shimadzu,EDX-7200,Shimadzu EDX-7200 能量色散X射线荧光分析仪,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_edx7200,71,3,33,29,6,5,22,False,0.46,0.59,0.5775,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_edx7200/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_edx7200/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/shimadzu_edx7200/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jena_multix,CHEM-085,Total organic halogen (AOX/TOX) analyzer,Analytik Jena,multi X 2500,Analytik Jena multi X 2500 总有机卤素分析仪,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jena_multix,132,8,38,37,6,11,84,False,1.4,0.55,0.671,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jena_multix/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jena_multix/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jena_multix/asset.contract.json
+instrument.milestone_dma80,CHEM-086,Direct mercury analyzer,Milestone,DMA-80 evo,Milestone DMA-80 evo DoubleBeam 直接测汞仪,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/milestone_dma80,114,5,38,34,6,46,69,False,0.8,0.42,0.3,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/milestone_dma80/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/milestone_dma80/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/milestone_dma80/asset.contract.json
+instrument.stanford_rga100,CHEM-087,Residual gas analyzer,Stanford Research Systems,RGA100,Stanford Research Systems RGA100 残余气体质谱分析仪,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/stanford_rga100,99,2,40,34,13,7,327,False,0.215,0.5812,0.264,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/stanford_rga100/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/stanford_rga100/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/stanford_rga100/asset.contract.json
+instrument.thermo_orbitrapexploris,CHEM-088,High-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer,Thermo Fisher Scientific,Orbitrap Exploris 120,Thermo Fisher Scientific Orbitrap Exploris120 高分辨分子质谱仪,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/thermo_orbitrapexploris,119,4,37,37,9,14,100,False,0.534,0.939,0.703,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/thermo_orbitrapexploris/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/thermo_orbitrapexploris/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/thermo_orbitrapexploris/asset.contract.json
+instrument.leco_onh836,CHEM-089,Inert-gas fusion O/N/H analyzer,LECO,ONH836,LECO ONH836 惰气熔融氧氮氢分析仪,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/leco_onh836,140,4,36,35,7,8,31,False,0.71,0.76,0.915,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/leco_onh836/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/leco_onh836/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/leco_onh836/asset.contract.json
+instrument.elementar_isoprimeprecision,CHEM-090,Stable isotope-ratio mass spectrometer,Elementar,isoprime precisION,稳定同位素比质谱仪Elementar isoprime precisION（标准通用收集器阵列，集成centrION）,Elemental & Mass Spectrometry,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/elementar_isoprimeprecision,36,2,21,30,3,16,15,True,0.595,0.4607,0.65,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/elementar_isoprimeprecision/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/elementar_isoprimeprecision/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/elementar_isoprimeprecision/asset.contract.json
+instrument.agilent_gc8890b,CHEM-096,Gas chromatograph,Agilent,8890B GC,Agilent 8890B GC 气相色谱仪（单S/SL + FID迁移配置）,Chromatography & Electrophoresis,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_gc8890b,52,50,22,55,3,1,9,False,0.5803,0.545,0.4905,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_gc8890b/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_gc8890b/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_gc8890b/asset.contract.json
+instrument.agilent_hplc1260,CHEM-097,HPLC system,Agilent,1260 Infinity III LC,高效液相色谱仪 Agilent | 1260 Infinity III LC,Chromatography & Electrophoresis,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_hplc1260,15,1,24,14,0,3,9,False,0.396,0.468,0.66,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_hplc1260/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_hplc1260/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_hplc1260/asset.contract.json
+instrument.thermo_dionexintegrion,CHEM-098,Ion chromatograph,Thermo Fisher Scientific,Dionex Integrion HPIC,Thermo Scientific Dionex Integrion HPIC 离子色谱仪,Chromatography & Electrophoresis,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/thermo_dionexintegrion,72,2,21,16,4,6,7,False,0.3,0.577,0.625,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/thermo_dionexintegrion/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/thermo_dionexintegrion/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/thermo_dionexintegrion/asset.contract.json
+instrument.agilent_1290infinity,CHEM-099,GPC/SEC system,Agilent,1290 Infinity II GPC/SEC,Agilent 1290 Infinity II GPC/SEC 凝胶渗透体积排阻色谱系统,Chromatography & Electrophoresis,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/agilent_1290infinity,166,3,25,18,4,14,8,False,0.4365,0.481,0.9,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/agilent_1290infinity/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/agilent_1290infinity/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/agilent_1290infinity/asset.contract.json
+instrument.gas_flavourspec25gc,CHEM-100,GC–ion mobility spectrometer,G.A.S.,FlavourSpec25 GC-IMS,G.A.S. FlavourSpec25 GC-IMS 离子迁移谱正交分离系统,Chromatography & Electrophoresis,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/gas_flavourspec25gc,200,4,29,20,4,65,5,False,1.01,0.8,0.79,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/gas_flavourspec25gc/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/gas_flavourspec25gc/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/gas_flavourspec25gc/asset.contract.json
+instrument.metrohm_omnis,CHEM-101,Automatic potentiometric titrator,Metrohm,OMNIS Professional Titrator,Metrohm OMNIS Professional Titrator 2.1001.0320 自动电位滴定仪,Electrochemistry & Titration,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_omnis,17,2,34,12,1,1,15,False,0.142,0.3996,0.358,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_omnis/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_omnis/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_omnis/asset.contract.json
+instrument.metrohm_899,CHEM-102,Karl Fischer coulometer,Metrohm,899 Coulometer,CHEM-102 卡尔费休水分滴定仪 · Metrohm 899 Coulometer,Electrochemistry & Titration,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_899,11,11,26,7,0,1,9,False,0.1436,0.2889,0.3373,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_899/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_899/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/metrohm_899/asset.contract.json
+instrument.gamry_reference620,CHEM-103,Potentiostat / electrochemical workstation,Gamry,Reference 620,Gamry Reference 620 电化学工作站,Electrochemistry & Titration,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/gamry_ref620,12,0,21,7,0,0,13,False,0.09,0.2744,0.19,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/gamry_ref620/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/gamry_ref620/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/gamry_ref620/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ch_chi920d,CHEM-104,Scanning electrochemical microscope,CH Instruments,CHI920D,CH Instruments CHI920D 扫描电化学显微镜,Electrochemistry & Titration,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/ch_chi920d,118,3,29,16,2,12,6,False,0.76,0.36,0.45,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/ch_chi920d/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/ch_chi920d/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/ch_chi920d/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ch_chi440c,CHEM-105,Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance,CH Instruments,CHI440C,CH Instruments CHI440C 电化学石英晶体微天平,Electrochemistry & Titration,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/ch_chi440c,79,1,19,17,1,10,6,False,0.6,0.31,0.1247,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/ch_chi440c/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/ch_chi440c/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/ch_chi440c/asset.contract.json
+instrument.knauer_k7400s,CHEM-106,Freezing-point osmometer,KNAUER,K-7400S,KNAUER K-7400S 冰点渗透压仪,Electrochemistry & Titration,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/knauer_k7400s,77,2,24,17,2,6,6,False,0.1606,0.3434,0.228,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/knauer_k7400s/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/knauer_k7400s/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/knauer_k7400s/asset.contract.json
+instrument.pine_wavevortex10,CHEM-107,Rotating ring-disk electrode rotator,Pine Research,WaveVortex 10,Pine Research WaveVortex 10旋转环盘驱动,Electrochemistry & Titration,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/pine_wavevortex10,113,4,30,22,5,9,5,False,0.38,0.28,0.38,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/pine_wavevortex10/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/pine_wavevortex10/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/pine_wavevortex10/asset.contract.json
+instrument.agilent_hs8697,CHEM-108,Headspace autosampler (48-vial tray),Agilent,8697,CHEM-108 Agilent 8697 顶空自动进样器（48 位托盘）,Analytical Sampling & Interfaces,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_hs8697,141,1,24,13,1,60,7,False,0.599,0.73,0.8,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_hs8697/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_hs8697/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t3_analytical/agilent_hs8697/asset.contract.json
+instrument.teledyne_atomxxyz,CHEM-109,Purge-and-trap autosampler,Teledyne Tekmar,Atomx XYZ,Teledyne Tekmar Atomx XYZ 吹扫捕集自动进样系统,Analytical Sampling & Interfaces,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/teledyne_atomxxyz,443,7,25,20,2,97,7,False,0.701,0.5842,0.495,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/teledyne_atomxxyz/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/teledyne_atomxxyz/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/teledyne_atomxxyz/asset.contract.json
+instrument.teledyne_analyteexcite,CHEM-110,Laser ablation sampling system,Teledyne CETAC,Analyte Excite+,Teledyne CETAC Analyte Excite+ 激光剥蚀系统,Analytical Sampling & Interfaces,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/teledyne_analyteexcite,135,6,22,23,2,25,7,False,0.76,0.87,1.5,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/teledyne_analyteexcite/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/teledyne_analyteexcite/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/teledyne_analyteexcite/asset.contract.json
+instrument.frontier_egapy,CHEM-111,Multi-shot pyrolyzer (GC inlet),Frontier Laboratories,EGA/PY-3030D,Frontier EGA/PY-3030D 热裂解进样器,Analytical Sampling & Interfaces,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/frontier_egapy,101,4,22,22,0,21,9,False,0.3355,0.346,0.3935,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/frontier_egapy/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/frontier_egapy/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/frontier_egapy/asset.contract.json
+instrument.markes_unityxr,CHEM-112,Thermal desorber,Markes International,UNITY-xr,Markes UNITY-xr 热脱附进样器,Analytical Sampling & Interfaces,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/markes_unityxr,104,6,27,26,0,11,9,False,0.16,0.54,0.46,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/markes_unityxr/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/markes_unityxr/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t3_analytical/markes_unityxr/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_surpass3,CHEM-113,Solid-surface streaming-potential analyzer,Anton Paar,SurPASS 3,Anton Paar SurPASS 3 固体表面流动电位分析仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_surpass3,137,7,29,25,1,15,7,False,0.5365,0.605,0.3508,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_surpass3/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_surpass3/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_surpass3/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_ultrapyc5000,CHEM-114,Gas pycnometer (true density),Anton Paar,Ultrapyc 5000,Anton Paar Ultrapyc 5000 气体置换真密度仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_ultrapyc5000,122,6,33,25,4,9,9,False,0.3988,0.4895,0.25,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_ultrapyc5000/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_ultrapyc5000/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_ultrapyc5000/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_autosorb6100,CHEM-115,Gas physisorption surface-area & pore analyzer,Anton Paar,Autosorb 6100,Anton Paar Autosorb 6100 气体物理吸附比表面积与孔径分析仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_autosorb6100,178,8,49,33,1,23,7,False,0.8056,0.712,1.079,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_autosorb6100/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_autosorb6100/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_autosorb6100/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_poremaster60,CHEM-116,Mercury intrusion porosimeter,Anton Paar,PoreMaster 60,Anton Paar PoreMaster 60 标准型压汞孔隙率分析仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_poremaster60,121,7,27,28,1,12,10,False,0.5272,0.6665,0.7865,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_poremaster60/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_poremaster60/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_poremaster60/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_litesizerdls,CHEM-117,DLS & zeta-potential analyzer,Anton Paar,Litesizer DLS 701,Anton Paar Litesizer DLS 701 动态光散射与胶体电位仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdls,103,6,31,29,4,10,12,False,0.452,0.5115,0.135,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdls/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdls/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdls/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_psa1190,CHEM-118,Laser-diffraction particle sizer,Anton Paar,PSA 1190,Anton Paar PSA1190 L/D 激光衍射粒度仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_psa1190,248,9,31,28,1,16,15,False,0.895,0.547,0.4304,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_psa1190/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_psa1190/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_psa1190/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_litesizerdia,CHEM-119,Dynamic image analyzer (particle shape),Anton Paar,Litesizer DIA 700,Anton Paar Litesizer DIA700 Liquid Flow 动态颗粒图像分析仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdia,95,7,31,29,1,12,12,False,0.79,0.311,0.4,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdia/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdia/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdia/asset.contract.json
+instrument.biolin_sigma700,CHEM-120,Force tensiometer,Biolin Scientific,Sigma 700,Biolin Scientific Sigma700 力学式表面张力仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_sigma700,82,7,30,32,1,11,15,False,0.244,0.333,0.62,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_sigma700/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_sigma700/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_sigma700/asset.contract.json
+instrument.biolin_thetaflex,CHEM-121,Optical contact-angle meter,Biolin Scientific,Theta Flex,Biolin Scientific Theta Flex 光学接触角测量仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_thetaflex,111,8,33,35,1,10,15,False,0.7665,0.2515,0.559,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_thetaflex/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_thetaflex/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_thetaflex/asset.contract.json
+instrument.micromeritics_autochemiii,CHEM-122,Temperature-programmed chemisorption analyzer,Micromeritics,AutoChem III,Micromeritics AutoChem III 程序升温化学吸附仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/micromeritics_autochemiii,199,6,36,35,1,29,14,False,0.61,0.64,0.64,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/micromeritics_autochemiii/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/micromeritics_autochemiii/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/micromeritics_autochemiii/asset.contract.json
+instrument.surface_dvsresolution,CHEM-123,Dynamic vapour sorption analyzer,Surface Measurement Systems,DVS Resolution,Surface Measurement Systems DVS Resolution 动态蒸气吸附仪（低质量天平）,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/surface_dvsresolution,211,6,40,37,4,11,12,False,0.52,0.61,0.98,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/surface_dvsresolution/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/surface_dvsresolution/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/surface_dvsresolution/asset.contract.json
+instrument.freeman_ft4powder,CHEM-124,Powder rheometer,Freeman Technology / Micromeritics,FT4 Powder Rheometer,Freeman Technology / Micromeritics FT4 Powder Rheometer 粉体流动性流变仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/freeman_ft4powder,143,6,39,33,1,8,12,False,0.48,0.306,0.76,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/freeman_ft4powder/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/freeman_ft4powder/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/freeman_ft4powder/asset.contract.json
+instrument.porometer_poroluxrevo,CHEM-125,Capillary flow porometer,POROMETER,POROLUX Revo,POROMETER POROLUX Revo 毛细流动孔径仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/porometer_poroluxrevo,129,3,28,33,1,8,13,False,0.53,0.53,0.755,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/porometer_poroluxrevo/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/porometer_poroluxrevo/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/porometer_poroluxrevo/asset.contract.json
+instrument.microtrac_turbiscanlab,CHEM-126,Dispersion stability analyzer,Microtrac,TURBISCAN LAB,Microtrac TURBISCAN LAB 分散体系稳定性分析仪,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/microtrac_turbiscanlab,118,5,28,27,3,6,19,False,0.26,0.28,0.25,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/microtrac_turbiscanlab/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/microtrac_turbiscanlab/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/microtrac_turbiscanlab/asset.contract.json
+instrument.biolin_mediuml,CHEM-127,Langmuir / Langmuir–Blodgett trough,Biolin Scientific KSV NIMA,Medium L&LB Trough,KSV NIMA Medium L&LB Langmuir 单分子膜槽,"Particles, Pores & Interfaces",assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_mediuml,124,7,36,34,2,8,15,False,0.662,0.308,0.455,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_mediuml/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_mediuml/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_mediuml/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_trb,CHEM-128,Pin-on-disk tribometer,Anton Paar,TRB³,Anton Paar TRB³ 销盘摩擦磨损试验机,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_trb,155,6,42,39,0,7,13,False,0.532,0.443,0.501,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_trb/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_trb/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_trb/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_rst300,CHEM-129,Coating scratch tester,Anton Paar,RST 300,Anton Paar RST 300 涂层划痕附着力试验机,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_rst300,168,6,42,38,0,6,13,False,0.364,0.369,0.5425,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_rst300/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_rst300/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_rst300/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_hit300,CHEM-130,Nanoindentation tester,Anton Paar,HIT 300,Anton Paar HIT 300 纳米压痕仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_hit300,156,6,38,33,2,7,17,False,0.269,0.259,0.42,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_hit300/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_hit300/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_hit300/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ta_dsc2500,CHEM-131,Differential scanning calorimeter,TA Instruments,DSC 2500,TA Instruments DSC 2500 差示扫描量热仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ta_dsc2500,307,5,43,36,1,13,89,False,0.53,0.51,0.61,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ta_dsc2500/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ta_dsc2500/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ta_dsc2500/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ta_tga5500,CHEM-132,Thermogravimetric analyzer,TA Instruments,TGA 5500,TA Instruments TGA 5500 热重分析仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ta_tga5500,186,4,48,40,2,13,10,False,0.56,0.56,0.61,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ta_tga5500/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ta_tga5500/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ta_tga5500/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ta_dma850,CHEM-133,Dynamic mechanical analyzer,TA Instruments,DMA 850,TA Instruments DMA 850 动态机械分析仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_dma850,121,5,43,41,2,10,22,False,0.64,0.47,0.535,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_dma850/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_dma850/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_dma850/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ta_tma450,CHEM-134,Thermomechanical analyzer,TA Instruments,TMA 450,TA Instruments TMA 450 热机械分析仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_tma450,107,3,50,47,2,10,13,False,0.56,0.56,0.63,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_tma450/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_tma450/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_tma450/asset.contract.json
+instrument.netzsch_lfa467,CHEM-135,Laser/light flash thermal diffusivity analyzer,NETZSCH,LFA 467 HyperFlash,NETZSCH LFA467 HyperFlash 闪光法热扩散仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_lfa467,133,4,54,47,6,14,20,False,0.54,0.52,0.61,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_lfa467/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_lfa467/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_lfa467/asset.contract.json
+instrument.hot_tps2500,CHEM-136,Transient plane source thermal-conductivity analyzer,Hot Disk,TPS 2500 S,Hot Disk TPS 2500 S 瞬态平面热源导热仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/hot_tps2500,47,4,25,25,1,6,13,False,0.6975,0.5663,0.325,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/hot_tps2500/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/hot_tps2500/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/hot_tps2500/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_mcr503,CHEM-137,Rotational & oscillatory rheometer,Anton Paar,MCR 503,Anton Paar MCR 503 旋转与振荡流变仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_mcr503,51,3,26,28,1,8,8,False,0.453,0.673,0.775,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_mcr503/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_mcr503/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/antonpaar_mcr503/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ta_tamiv,CHEM-138,Isothermal microcalorimeter,TA Instruments,TAM IV,TA Instruments TAM IV 20 mL 等温微量热仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_tamiv,52,2,25,31,0,8,10,False,0.58,0.76,1.0,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_tamiv/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_tamiv/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ta_tamiv/asset.contract.json
+instrument.linseis_lsr3,CHEM-139,Thermoelectric (Seebeck) tester,Linseis,LSR-3,Linseis LSR-3 红外炉800°C热电性能测试仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/linseis_lsr3,57,5,32,31,2,12,11,False,0.7204,0.4278,0.53,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/linseis_lsr3/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/linseis_lsr3/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/linseis_lsr3/asset.contract.json
+instrument.novocontrol_alphat,CHEM-140,Broadband dielectric spectrometer,Novocontrol Technologies,Alpha-T,Novocontrol Alpha-T Rev C 宽频介电谱仪（含电流转换接口）,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/novocontrol_alphat,48,3,27,30,0,12,13,False,0.6815,0.364,0.205,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/novocontrol_alphat/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/novocontrol_alphat/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/novocontrol_alphat/asset.contract.json
+instrument.lakeshore_measurereadym91,CHEM-141,Hall-effect measurement system,Lake Shore Cryotronics,MeasureReady M91 FastHall,Lake Shore MeasureReady M91 FastHall 霍尔测量控制器,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/lakeshore_measurereadym91,64,4,36,31,1,17,11,False,0.343,0.369,0.087,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/lakeshore_measurereadym91/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/lakeshore_measurereadym91/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/lakeshore_measurereadym91/asset.contract.json
+instrument.signatone_quadpro2,CHEM-142,Automated four-point-probe sheet-resistance mapper,Signatone,QuadPro2,Signatone QuadPro2-DAC0 自动四探针面电阻测绘系统,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/signatone_quadpro2,99,5,34,29,2,16,13,False,0.572,0.978,1.676,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/signatone_quadpro2/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/signatone_quadpro2/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/signatone_quadpro2/asset.contract.json
+instrument.lakeshore_8604vsm,CHEM-143,Vibrating sample magnetometer,Lake Shore Cryotronics,8604 VSM,Lake Shore 8604 振动样品磁强计,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/lakeshore_8604vsm,106,5,34,32,2,14,14,False,2.175,1.04,1.6,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/lakeshore_8604vsm/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/lakeshore_8604vsm/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/lakeshore_8604vsm/asset.contract.json
+instrument.shimadzu_ags10knxd,CHEM-144,Universal testing machine,Shimadzu,AGS-10kNXD,Shimadzu AGS-10kNXD 万能材料试验机,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/shimadzu_ags10knxd,85,6,35,28,2,14,12,False,0.653,0.52,1.603,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/shimadzu_ags10knxd/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/shimadzu_ags10knxd/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/shimadzu_ags10knxd/asset.contract.json
+instrument.zwick_hit5p,CHEM-145,Pendulum impact tester,ZwickRoell,HIT5P,ZwickRoell HIT5P 摆锤冲击试验机,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_hit5p,73,4,31,27,2,13,12,False,0.68,0.429,0.684,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_hit5p/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_hit5p/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_hit5p/asset.contract.json
+instrument.zwick_mflow,CHEM-146,Melt flow indexer,ZwickRoell,Mflow,ZwickRoell Mflow 熔体流动速率仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_mflow,63,9,43,36,3,14,12,False,0.479,0.524,0.548,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_mflow/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_mflow/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_mflow/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ametek_oxtran,CHEM-147,Oxygen transmission-rate analyzer,AMETEK MOCON,OX-TRAN 2/22 L,AMETEK MOCON OX-TRAN 2/22 L 氧气透过率分析仪,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran,75,8,55,31,5,14,13,False,0.3046,0.6149,0.5008,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/asset.contract.json
+instrument.netzsch_mmc315,CHEM-148,Adiabatic (ARC) reaction calorimeter,NETZSCH,MMC 315 Nexus,NETZSCH MMC 315 Nexus 多模块量热仪（ARC模块）,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315,40,3,30,24,4,10,15,False,0.62,0.594,0.55,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/asset.contract.json
+instrument.mt_rc1mxhfcal,CHEM-149,Heat-flow reaction calorimeter,METTLER TOLEDO,RC1mx + HFCal,METTLER TOLEDO RC1mx + HFCal 热流式反应量热系统（标准转矩搅拌器）,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal,92,5,57,37,5,12,17,False,0.951,0.705,1.1805,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ika_c6000,CHEM-150,Oxygen bomb calorimeter,IKA,C 6000 isoperibol,IKA C 6000 isoperibol 氧弹量热仪（Package 2/12：C 6000主机+C 6012耐卤素氧弹）,"Thermal, Mechanical & Transport",assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ika_c6000,60,3,43,44,3,16,18,False,0.5053,0.4768,0.4253,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ika_c6000/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ika_c6000/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t1_thermal/ika_c6000/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jeol_jsmit200,CHEM-151,Scanning electron microscope,JEOL,JSM-IT200 LA,JEOL JSM-IT200 LA 扫描电子显微镜（InTouchScope，集成JED-2300 EDS，含机械泵与选配操作台）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jsmit200,102,12,64,48,7,13,22,False,1.537,1.1635,1.48,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jsmit200/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jsmit200/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jsmit200/asset.contract.json
+instrument.jeol_jem1400flash,CHEM-152,Transmission electron microscope,JEOL,JEM-1400Flash,JEOL JEM-1400Flash HR 透射电子显微镜（120kV钨灯丝、HR极靴、Matataki Flash sCMOS相机，含电源柜、后控制台与机械泵）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jem1400flash,82,21,77,59,7,9,28,False,2.625,2.2643,2.4921,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jem1400flash/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jem1400flash/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jem1400flash/asset.contract.json
+instrument.antonpaar_saxspace,CHEM-153,Small-angle X-ray scattering system,Anton Paar,SAXSpace,Anton Paar SAXSpace 小角/广角X射线散射仪（Cu密封管、Kratky块线/点准直、TCStage、MYTHEN2 R 1K探测器2θ臂、ASX自动进样器，含实验桌与柜体）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/antonpaar_saxspace,72,13,76,54,11,13,25,False,1.8,0.922,1.685,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/antonpaar_saxspace/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/antonpaar_saxspace/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/antonpaar_saxspace/asset.contract.json
+instrument.kratos_axissupra,CHEM-154,X-ray photoelectron spectrometer,Kratos / Shimadzu,AXIS Supra+,Kratos / Shimadzu AXIS Supra+ 成像X射线光电子能谱仪（单色Al Kα、半球+球面镜分析器、DLD、电子中和器、Minibeam 4离子枪、Flexi-lock 3架仓、五轴样品台，含冷水机与ESCApe工作站）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/kratos_axissupra,66,10,67,49,8,10,22,False,2.77,2.064,1.97,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/kratos_axissupra/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/kratos_axissupra/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/kratos_axissupra/asset.contract.json
+instrument.keyence_vkx3000,CHEM-155,3D laser-scanning profilometer microscope,KEYENCE,VK-X3000 / VK-X3100,KEYENCE VK-X3000三维光学表面轮廓显微镜（VK-X3000控制器、VK-X3100测量头、VK-D3电动底座，含显示器与电脑工作站）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/keyence_vkx3000,62,7,51,38,9,9,21,False,1.386,0.5385,0.471,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/keyence_vkx3000/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/keyence_vkx3000/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/keyence_vkx3000/asset.contract.json
+instrument.bruker_x4poseidon,CHEM-156,Micro X-ray computed tomography,Bruker,X4 POSEIDON,Bruker X4 POSEIDON台式三维X射线显微镜/微米CT（反射源基本配置：反射式X射线源、7 MP平板探测器、标准旋转台、固定扫描几何、7位滤片转换器，含工作站）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_x4poseidon,51,7,60,46,7,7,16,False,1.8855,0.622,0.722,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_x4poseidon/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_x4poseidon/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/bruker_x4poseidon/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ja_alphase,CHEM-157,Spectroscopic ellipsometer,J.A. Woollam,alpha-SE,J.A. Woollam alpha-SE光谱椭偏仪（2015规格：旋转补偿器+CCD，380–900 nm 180个波长，入射角65/70/75°与90°直通，手动换角，电动Z对准，真空吸盘，选配液池；含操作电脑）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/ja_alphase,49,5,39,37,5,7,16,False,1.23,0.485,0.434,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/ja_alphase/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/ja_alphase/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/ja_alphase/asset.contract.json
+instrument.park_nx10,CHEM-158,Atomic force microscope,Park Systems,NX10,Park Systems NX10原子力显微镜（2024宣传册配置：50×50 µm闭环XY扫描器、15 µm Z扫描器、20×20 mm XY台、25 mm Z台、15 mm聚焦台、10×同轴光学、SLD光束检测；接触/True Non-Contact/轻敲、相位成像、力-距离谱、热调谐；含控制电子单元）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/park_nx10,51,12,54,56,2,7,12,False,0.776,0.5107,0.443,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/park_nx10/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/park_nx10/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/park_nx10/asset.contract.json
+instrument.nanosurf_naiostm,CHEM-159,Scanning tunneling microscope,Nanosurf,NaioSTM,Nanosurf NaioSTM扫描隧道显微镜（花岗岩隔振台上的扫描头、500×500×200 nm扫描器、stick-slip自动进针、0.1–100 nA电流放大器、±10 V针尖电压、恒流/恒高成像、I-V与I-z谱、10×放大罩；含台下控制器）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/nanosurf_naiostm,28,3,36,52,1,7,11,False,0.204,0.204,0.104,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/nanosurf_naiostm/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/nanosurf_naiostm/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/nanosurf_naiostm/asset.contract.json
+instrument.rigaku_miniflex600_external_cooling,CHEM-160,Powder X-ray diffractometer,Rigaku,MiniFlex600,Rigaku MiniFlex600 粉末X射线衍射仪（外置循环水）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/rigaku_miniflex600,13,3,25,12,0,1,12,False,0.6205,0.456,0.722,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/rigaku_miniflex600/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/rigaku_miniflex600/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t4_measure/rigaku_miniflex600/asset.contract.json
+instrument.rigaku_xtalabsynergy,CHEM-161,Single-crystal X-ray diffractometer,Rigaku Oxford Diffraction,XtaLAB Synergy-R,Rigaku XtaLAB Synergy-R单晶X射线衍射仪（HyPix-6000HE配置：PhotonJet-R转靶光源、1–10 mrad电动狭缝、κ测角仪与伸缩2θ臂、HyPix-6000HE混合光子计数探测器、两扇铰链前门与电气安全回路、Oxford Cryostream 1000）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/rigaku_xtalabsynergy,77,11,44,55,8,8,16,False,1.3012,0.914,1.875,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/rigaku_xtalabsynergy/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/rigaku_xtalabsynergy/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/rigaku_xtalabsynergy/asset.contract.json
+instrument.evident_bx53p,CHEM-162,Polarizing microscope,Evident / Olympus,BX53-P,Evident / Olympus BX53-P偏光显微镜（锥光/正交配置：U-CPA勃氏镜、U-AN360P检偏镜、U-POC-2偏光聚光镜、U-SRP旋转台、四孔物镜转盘、倾斜三目筒）,"Microscopy, Imaging & Diffraction",assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/evident_bx53p,50,14,47,34,1,7,13,False,0.282,0.5124,0.534,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/evident_bx53p/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/evident_bx53p/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/evident_bx53p/asset.contract.json
+instrument.biotek_405ts,CHEM-163,Microplate washer,Agilent BioTek,405 TS (96-tube manifold),Agilent BioTek 405 TS微孔板洗板机（单96管洗头，内置四路缓冲切换A–D，标准SBS载板）,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/biotek_405ts,25,3,36,26,2,12,17,False,0.3556,0.4318,0.254,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/biotek_405ts/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/biotek_405ts/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/biotek_405ts/asset.contract.json
+instrument.biorad_miniprotean,CHEM-164,Gel electrophoresis system,Bio-Rad,Mini-PROTEAN Tetra + power supply,Bio-Rad Mini-PROTEAN Tetra垂直电泳槽（电极模块，可加陪伴模块运行1–4块胶）+ PowerPac Basic电源,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biorad_miniprotean,40,8,36,37,1,11,17,False,0.41,0.289,0.1993,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biorad_miniprotean/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biorad_miniprotean/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biorad_miniprotean/asset.contract.json
+instrument.thermo_ibrightfl1500,CHEM-165,Gel & blot imager,Thermo Fisher Scientific,iBright FL1500,Thermo Fisher Invitrogen iBright FL1500凝胶与印迹成像系统（产品册配置）,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/thermo_ibrightfl1500,19,3,24,32,2,5,10,False,0.38,0.68,0.6,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/thermo_ibrightfl1500/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/thermo_ibrightfl1500/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/thermo_ibrightfl1500/asset.contract.json
+instrument.eppendorf_cellxpertc170i,CHEM-166,CO₂ cell-culture incubator,Eppendorf,CellXpert C170i,Eppendorf CellXpert C170i CO2细胞培养箱（O2 1–20 %、湿度与水位选件）,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/eppendorf_cellxpertc170i,39,5,57,46,2,14,18,True,0.72,0.7153,0.9,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/eppendorf_cellxpertc170i/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/eppendorf_cellxpertc170i/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/eppendorf_cellxpertc170i/asset.contract.json
+instrument.biorad_cfxopus,CHEM-167,Real-time qPCR system,Bio-Rad,CFX Opus 96,Bio-Rad CFX Opus 96实时荧光定量PCR仪（12011319）,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/biorad_cfxopus,28,3,40,35,5,7,14,True,0.33,0.5608,0.36,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/biorad_cfxopus/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/biorad_cfxopus/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/biorad_cfxopus/asset.contract.json
+instrument.bd_facsariaiii,CHEM-168,Flow cytometer & cell sorter,BD Biosciences,FACSAria III,BD FACSAria III流式细胞分选仪（2018规格，四激光）,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/bd_facsariaiii,46,10,105,69,3,17,18,True,2.135,0.7286,0.71,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/bd_facsariaiii/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/bd_facsariaiii/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/bd_facsariaiii/asset.contract.json
+instrument.malvern_microcalpeaq,CHEM-169,Isothermal titration calorimeter,Malvern Panalytical,MicroCal PEAQ-ITC,MicroCal PEAQ-ITC等温滴定量热仪（标准型，含洗涤模块）,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/malvern_microcalpeaq,55,5,58,45,2,17,17,True,0.43,0.377,0.3688,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/malvern_microcalpeaq/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/malvern_microcalpeaq/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/malvern_microcalpeaq/asset.contract.json
+instrument.cytiva_biacoret200,CHEM-170,Surface plasmon resonance system,Cytiva,Biacore T200,Biacore T200表面等离子共振生物传感器（处理单元）,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/cytiva_biacoret200,56,7,66,64,5,11,20,True,0.6,0.615,0.69,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/cytiva_biacoret200/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/cytiva_biacoret200/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/cytiva_biacoret200/asset.contract.json
+instrument.wtw_oxitopi,CHEM-171,Respirometric BOD system,WTW (Xylem),OxiTop-i,生化需氧量呼吸测定系统WTW OxiTop-i IS 6（6测头、PF 600瓶、IS 6感应搅拌台）,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/wtw_oxitopi,96,30,45,33,24,13,19,True,0.265,0.1966,0.2556,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/wtw_oxitopi/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/wtw_oxitopi/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/wtw_oxitopi/asset.contract.json
+instrument.seal_aa500,CHEM-172,Segmented continuous-flow analyzer,SEAL Analytical,AA500,分段连续流动分析仪SEAL AA500（4通道营养盐：NOx、氨、磷酸盐、硅酸盐；带AS2 XY进样器）,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/seal_aa500,66,11,29,40,1,20,17,True,1.405,0.479,0.409,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/seal_aa500/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/seal_aa500/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/seal_aa500/asset.contract.json
+instrument.bmg_clariostarplus,CHEM-173,Multi-mode microplate reader,BMG LABTECH,CLARIOstar Plus,多模式微孔板读板仪BMG LABTECH CLARIOstar Plus（光谱仪吸光、LVF单色器荧光、偏振、发光，两个注射泵）,Biochemical & Wet-Chemistry Assays,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/bmg_clariostarplus,28,5,22,37,2,7,11,True,0.4512,0.5168,0.401,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/bmg_clariostarplus/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/bmg_clariostarplus/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/bmg_clariostarplus/asset.contract.json
+instrument.mt_quantos_q2_xpe206dr,CHEM-174,Automated powder dosing system,METTLER TOLEDO,Quantos Q2 + XPE206DR,自动粉末定量分配仪 — METTLER TOLEDO Quantos Q2 + XPE206DR,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/mt_quantos_q2,18,3,20,12,0,1,12,False,0.263,0.542,0.495,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/mt_quantos_q2/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/mt_quantos_q2/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/mt_quantos_q2/asset.contract.json
+instrument.opentrons_flex_single_5_1000ul,CHEM-175,Automated liquid-handling robot,Opentrons,Flex (1-channel 5–1000 µL),自动移液工作站 — Opentrons Flex 单通道5–1000 µL,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/opentrons_flex,28,4,15,10,0,16,8,False,0.87,0.6907,0.84,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/opentrons_flex/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/opentrons_flex/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/opentrons_flex/asset.contract.json
+instrument.azenta_automated_roll_heat_sealer_a4s,CHEM-176,Automated microplate heat sealer,Azenta Life Sciences,Automated Roll Heat Sealer (a4S),自动微孔板热封膜机,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/azenta_heat_sealer,17,1,22,9,1,1,5,False,0.2312,0.5075,0.403,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/azenta_heat_sealer/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/azenta_heat_sealer/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/azenta_heat_sealer/asset.contract.json
+instrument.azenta_intellixcap_s1_46_0001,CHEM-177,Automated tube decapper/recapper,Azenta Life Sciences,IntelliXcap S1 46-0001,自动开盖封盖机,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/azenta_intellixcap_s1,10,8,13,6,0,1,11,False,0.17,0.24,0.3,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/azenta_intellixcap_s1/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/azenta_intellixcap_s1/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/azenta_intellixcap_s1/asset.contract.json
+instrument.brooks_preciseflex_400,CHEM-178,Lab sample-transfer robot arm,Brooks Automation,PreciseFlex 400,实验室样品转运机械臂 — Brooks Automation PreciseFlex 400 标准臂400 mm行程,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/preciseflex_400,12,4,15,9,0,1,6,False,0.715,0.2111,0.682,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/preciseflex_400/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/preciseflex_400/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/preciseflex_400/asset.contract.json
+instrument.ziath_dp5_mirage_2023,CHEM-179,2D-barcode rack reader,Azenta Ziath,DP5 Mirage,样品管二维条码读架仪,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/ziath_dp5,16,1,16,7,0,1,7,False,0.208,0.135,0.1214,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/ziath_dp5/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/ziath_dp5/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/ziath_dp5/asset.contract.json
+instrument.alicat_mc_1slpm_rev6,CHEM-180,Gas mass-flow controller,Alicat Scientific,"MC, 1 SLPM full scale, Rev6",气体质量流量控制器（Alicat MC，1 SLPM，标准精度，Rev6）,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/alicat_mc,11,7,25,8,1,0,7,False,0.0911,0.0267,0.1033,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/alicat_mc/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/alicat_mc/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/alicat_mc/asset.contract.json
+instrument.bronkhorst_p702cv_5bar_gauge_n2,CHEM-181,Electronic back-pressure controller,Bronkhorst,EL-PRESS P-702CV,电子背压控制器,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/bronkhorst_p702cv,11,1,18,9,0,0,9,False,0.127,0.025,0.123,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/bronkhorst_p702cv/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/bronkhorst_p702cv/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/bronkhorst_p702cv/asset.contract.json
+instrument.vici_euta_2sd6mwe,CHEM-182,Multi-position gas stream-selection valve,VICI Valco,EUTA-2SD6MWE,多路气体自动切换阀 — VICI Valco EUTA-2SD6MWE（6位，2 inch隔热杆）,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/vici_euta,15,1,8,3,0,7,10,False,0.2338,0.086,0.105,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/vici_euta/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/vici_euta/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t5_automation/vici_euta/asset.contract.json
+instrument.bronkhorst_cemw,CHEM-183,Controlled evaporator & mixer,Bronkhorst,CEM W-202A,受控蒸发与混气进料器Bronkhorst CEM W-202A-NN0-K（三通混合阀＋100 W换热器）,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/bronkhorst_cemw,16,1,20,21,0,6,12,True,0.12,0.11,0.3819,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/bronkhorst_cemw/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/bronkhorst_cemw/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t5_automation/bronkhorst_cemw/asset.contract.json
+instrument.newera_ne1000,CHEM-184,Programmable syringe pump,New Era Pump Systems,NE-1000 Multi-Phaser,可编程注射泵New Era NE-1000 Multi-Phaser（单通道，12 V DC）,Automation & Gas/Liquid Supply,assets/expansion_batch05/t5_automation/newera_ne1000,47,12,31,35,10,9,15,True,0.2965,0.1527,0.1151,assets/expansion_batch05/t5_automation/newera_ne1000/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch05/t5_automation/newera_ne1000/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch05/t5_automation/newera_ne1000/asset.contract.json
+instrument.nabertherm_l9,CHEM-185,Muffle furnace,Nabertherm,L 9/11/SKM,Nabertherm L 9/11/SKM 马弗炉（目录版 3.4 kW）,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/nabertherm_l9,10,7,12,10,1,4,8,False,0.49,0.505,0.58,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/nabertherm_l9/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/nabertherm_l9/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/nabertherm_l9/asset.contract.json
+instrument.carbolite_tf1_12_60_300,CHEM-186,Tube furnace (controlled atmosphere),Carbolite Gero,TF1 12/60/300,管式气氛炉 Carbolite Gero TF1 12/60/300,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/carbolite_tf1,19,6,14,5,1,1,13,False,0.876,0.48,0.575,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/carbolite_tf1/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/carbolite_tf1/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/carbolite_tf1/asset.contract.json
+instrument.julabo_corio_cd200f,CHEM-187,Heating/refrigerated circulator,JULABO,CORIO CD-200F,JULABO CORIO CD-200F 9012701.N1.03 加热制冷循环浴,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/julabo_corio_cd200f,20,6,15,4,1,1,13,False,0.23,0.3898,0.65,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/julabo_corio_cd200f/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/julabo_corio_cd200f/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/julabo_corio_cd200f/asset.contract.json
+instrument.vacuubrand_pc3001_vario_select,CHEM-188,Chemistry vacuum pumping unit,VACUUBRAND,PC 3001 VARIO select,化学耐腐蚀真空工作站,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/vacuubrand_pc3001,15,3,12,7,1,0,11,False,0.306,0.303,0.4,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/vacuubrand_pc3001/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/vacuubrand_pc3001/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/vacuubrand_pc3001/asset.contract.json
+instrument.inert_purelab_he_2gb,CHEM-189,Inert-atmosphere glovebox,Inert,PureLab HE 2GB,Inert PureLab HE 2GB 惰性气氛手套箱,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/inert_purelab_he,15,2,27,10,1,9,7,False,2.0,1.067,1.921,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/inert_purelab_he/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/inert_purelab_he/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/inert_purelab_he/asset.contract.json
+instrument.elga_purelab_flex3,CHEM-190,Lab ultrapure water system,ELGA LabWater,PURELAB flex 3,实验室超纯水系统,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/elga_purelab_flex3,17,6,26,8,0,1,7,False,0.236,0.47,0.9,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/elga_purelab_flex3/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/elga_purelab_flex3/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t2_vacuum/elga_purelab_flex3/asset.contract.json
+instrument.miele_plw6111,CHEM-191,Laboratory glassware washer,Miele,PLW 6111,Miele PLW 6111 DP SC CL H14 10958380 实验室玻璃器皿清洗机,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/miele_plw6111,29,7,20,8,0,27,9,False,0.65,0.744,1.87,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/miele_plw6111/model.glb,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/miele_plw6111/model.urdf,assets/basic40_batch02/t1_thermal/miele_plw6111/asset.contract.json
+instrument.tuttnauer_3870elvd,CHEM-192,Steam autoclave,Tuttnauer,3870ELV-D,立式高压蒸汽灭菌器Tuttnauer 3870ELV-D（85 L，冷却选件）,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/tuttnauer_3870elvd,21,5,19,24,1,9,16,True,0.731,0.555,1.0,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/tuttnauer_3870elvd/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/tuttnauer_3870elvd/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch03/t2_vacuum/tuttnauer_3870elvd/asset.contract.json
+instrument.esco_ac24s8,CHEM-193,Biological safety cabinet,Esco Lifesciences,AC2-4S8-TU,生物安全柜Esco Airstream Plus AC2-4S8-TU（II级A2型，4 ft，不锈钢侧壁，UV-30A）,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/esco_ac24s8,40,9,30,24,7,7,12,True,1.34,0.823,1.4,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/esco_ac24s8/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/esco_ac24s8/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/esco_ac24s8/asset.contract.json
+instrument.inficon_ul1000fab,CHEM-194,Helium leak detector,INFICON,UL1000 Fab,氦质谱检漏仪INFICON UL1000 Fab（移动式，干式涡旋泵，230 V 50 Hz）,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inficon_ul1000fab,27,6,28,26,4,6,15,True,1.068,0.525,0.85,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inficon_ul1000fab/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inficon_ul1000fab/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inficon_ul1000fab/asset.contract.json
+instrument.vaisala_dmt152,CHEM-195,Trace-moisture dew-point transmitter,Vaisala,DMT152,"微量水露点变送器Vaisala DRYCAP DMT152（ISO G1/2""）",Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/vaisala_dmt152,11,1,25,21,0,2,16,True,0.1275,0.033,0.03,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/vaisala_dmt152/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/vaisala_dmt152/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/vaisala_dmt152/asset.contract.json
+instrument.peak_precisionhydrogen,CHEM-196,Laboratory hydrogen generator,PEAK Scientific,Precision Hydrogen Trace 500,实验室氢气发生器PEAK Precision Hydrogen Trace 500（存档型号）,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/peak_precisionhydrogen,22,2,23,21,7,5,13,True,0.3814,0.5656,0.4067,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/peak_precisionhydrogen/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/peak_precisionhydrogen/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/peak_precisionhydrogen/asset.contract.json
+instrument.eppendorf_cryocubef570n,CHEM-197,Ultra-low temperature freezer,Eppendorf,CryoCube F570n,超低温冰箱Eppendorf CryoCube F570n（570 L，230 V，F571300031）,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/eppendorf_cryocubef570n,41,12,35,34,8,11,12,True,1.1415,1.009,1.95,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/eppendorf_cryocubef570n/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/eppendorf_cryocubef570n/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/eppendorf_cryocubef570n/asset.contract.json
+instrument.binder_kbf115,CHEM-198,Constant climate (T/RH) chamber,BINDER,KBF 115,恒温恒湿试验箱BINDER KBF 115（102 L，KBF115-230V，9020-0320）,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/binder_kbf115,31,3,33,33,6,7,16,True,0.9055,0.7971,1.05,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/binder_kbf115/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/binder_kbf115/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/binder_kbf115/asset.contract.json
+instrument.esco_efa5uduvw,CHEM-199,Chemical fume hood,Esco Lifesciences,Frontier Acela EFA-5UDUVW-9,台式化学通风柜Esco Frontier Acela EFA-5UDUVW-9（1.5 m美国版，选配Sentinel XL风速监视器）,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/expansion_batch05/t2_vacuum/esco_efa5uduvw,39,11,32,32,6,10,14,True,1.602,0.9097,1.521,assets/expansion_batch05/t2_vacuum/esco_efa5uduvw/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch05/t2_vacuum/esco_efa5uduvw/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch05/t2_vacuum/esco_efa5uduvw/asset.contract.json
+instrument.inert_puresolvmd,CHEM-200,Solvent purification system,Inert,PureSolv MD 7,溶剂纯化系统Inert PureSolv MD 7（7路溶剂，双柱，17 L储罐）,Lab Environment & Utilities,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inert_puresolvmd,84,27,67,23,0,18,14,True,1.6104,0.8356,1.9459,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inert_puresolvmd/model.glb,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inert_puresolvmd/model.urdf,assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inert_puresolvmd/asset.contract.json
+instrument.agilent_7890b_ssl_fid,,Gas chromatograph (S/SL inlet + FID),Agilent,7890B,Agilent 7890B 气相色谱仪（单 S/SL 进样口 + FID）,Chromatography & Electrophoresis,assets/GC7890B,52,50,0,16,3,1,0,False,0.5803,0.545,0.4905,assets/GC7890B/GC7890B.glb,assets/GC7890B/GC7890B.urdf,
+instrument.ohaus_px224e,,Analytical balance,OHAUS,Pioneer PX224/E,OHAUS Pioneer PX224/E 分析天平,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/PX224E,25,16,0,7,1,1,0,False,0.209,0.3285,0.309,assets/PX224E/PX224E.glb,assets/PX224E/PX224E.urdf,
+instrument.ohaus_spx2201,,Portable precision balance,OHAUS,Scout SPX2201,OHAUS Scout SPX2201 电子天平,Basic Metrology & Sample Handling,assets/SPX2201,23,15,0,7,1,1,0,False,0.202,0.2255,0.054,assets/SPX2201/SPX2201.glb,assets/SPX2201/SPX2201.urdf,
diff --git a/catalog/catalog.json b/catalog/catalog.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16738929372eb118cf453bd7df6185ca5a23d027
--- /dev/null
+++ b/catalog/catalog.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9172 @@
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+   "name": "Automatic melting-point system",
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+   "slug": "aqualab_4te",
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+   "name": "Water-activity meter",
+   "maker": "AQUALAB",
+   "model": "4TE",
+   "title": "AQUALAB 4TE",
+   "name_zh": "AQUALAB 4TE水活度仪",
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+   "domain_name": "Basic Metrology & Sample Handling",
+   "domain_zh": "基础计量与样品处理",
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+   "maker": "IKA",
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+   "name_zh": "磁力加热搅拌器IKA Plate (RCT digital)（25004601，附PT1000）",
+   "domain": "metrology",
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+   "n_limitations": 23,
+   "isaac_lab": "bridged",
+   "glb_up": "z",
+   "output_templates": true,
+   "files": {
+    "glb": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/peak_precisionhydrogen/model.glb",
+    "urdf": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/peak_precisionhydrogen/model.urdf",
+    "blend": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/peak_precisionhydrogen/model.blend",
+    "contract": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/peak_precisionhydrogen/asset.contract.json",
+    "runtime": "scripts/asset_runtime/peak_precisionhydrogen.py"
+   },
+   "thumb": "media/thumb/peak_precisionhydrogen.webp",
+   "hero": "media/hero/peak_precisionhydrogen.webp"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "instrument.eppendorf_cryocubef570n",
+   "slug": "eppendorf_cryocubef570n",
+   "chem_id": "CHEM-197",
+   "name": "Ultra-low temperature freezer",
+   "maker": "Eppendorf",
+   "model": "CryoCube F570n",
+   "title": "Eppendorf CryoCube F570n",
+   "name_zh": "超低温冰箱Eppendorf CryoCube F570n（570 L，230 V，F571300031）",
+   "domain": "facility",
+   "domain_name": "Lab Environment & Utilities",
+   "domain_zh": "环境与公用系统",
+   "path": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/eppendorf_cryocubef570n",
+   "size_m": [
+    1.1415,
+    1.009,
+    1.95
+   ],
+   "n_components": 41,
+   "n_mesh_parts": 41,
+   "n_joints": 12,
+   "joint_types": {
+    "revolute": 7,
+    "prismatic": 5
+   },
+   "n_state_slots": 35,
+   "n_capabilities": 34,
+   "n_capabilities_implemented": 28,
+   "n_mechanisms": 1,
+   "n_readouts": 8,
+   "n_interface_points": 11,
+   "n_sources": 12,
+   "n_limitations": 23,
+   "isaac_lab": "bridged",
+   "glb_up": "z",
+   "output_templates": true,
+   "files": {
+    "glb": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/eppendorf_cryocubef570n/model.glb",
+    "urdf": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/eppendorf_cryocubef570n/model.urdf",
+    "blend": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/eppendorf_cryocubef570n/model.blend",
+    "contract": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/eppendorf_cryocubef570n/asset.contract.json",
+    "runtime": "scripts/asset_runtime/eppendorf_cryocubef570n.py"
+   },
+   "thumb": "media/thumb/eppendorf_cryocubef570n.webp",
+   "hero": "media/hero/eppendorf_cryocubef570n.webp"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "instrument.binder_kbf115",
+   "slug": "binder_kbf115",
+   "chem_id": "CHEM-198",
+   "name": "Constant climate (T/RH) chamber",
+   "maker": "BINDER",
+   "model": "KBF 115",
+   "title": "BINDER KBF 115",
+   "name_zh": "恒温恒湿试验箱BINDER KBF 115（102 L，KBF115-230V，9020-0320）",
+   "domain": "facility",
+   "domain_name": "Lab Environment & Utilities",
+   "domain_zh": "环境与公用系统",
+   "path": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/binder_kbf115",
+   "size_m": [
+    0.9055,
+    0.7971,
+    1.05
+   ],
+   "n_components": 31,
+   "n_mesh_parts": 31,
+   "n_joints": 3,
+   "joint_types": {
+    "revolute": 2,
+    "prismatic": 1
+   },
+   "n_state_slots": 33,
+   "n_capabilities": 33,
+   "n_capabilities_implemented": 26,
+   "n_mechanisms": 1,
+   "n_readouts": 6,
+   "n_interface_points": 7,
+   "n_sources": 16,
+   "n_limitations": 29,
+   "isaac_lab": "bridged",
+   "glb_up": "z",
+   "output_templates": true,
+   "files": {
+    "glb": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/binder_kbf115/model.glb",
+    "urdf": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/binder_kbf115/model.urdf",
+    "blend": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/binder_kbf115/model.blend",
+    "contract": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/binder_kbf115/asset.contract.json",
+    "runtime": "scripts/asset_runtime/binder_kbf115.py"
+   },
+   "thumb": "media/thumb/binder_kbf115.webp",
+   "hero": "media/hero/binder_kbf115.webp"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "instrument.esco_efa5uduvw",
+   "slug": "esco_efa5uduvw",
+   "chem_id": "CHEM-199",
+   "name": "Chemical fume hood",
+   "maker": "Esco Lifesciences",
+   "model": "Frontier Acela EFA-5UDUVW-9",
+   "title": "Esco Lifesciences Frontier Acela EFA-5UDUVW-9",
+   "name_zh": "台式化学通风柜Esco Frontier Acela EFA-5UDUVW-9（1.5 m美国版，选配Sentinel XL风速监视器）",
+   "domain": "facility",
+   "domain_name": "Lab Environment & Utilities",
+   "domain_zh": "环境与公用系统",
+   "path": "assets/expansion_batch05/t2_vacuum/esco_efa5uduvw",
+   "size_m": [
+    1.602,
+    0.9097,
+    1.521
+   ],
+   "n_components": 39,
+   "n_mesh_parts": 39,
+   "n_joints": 11,
+   "joint_types": {
+    "prismatic": 9,
+    "revolute": 2
+   },
+   "n_state_slots": 32,
+   "n_capabilities": 32,
+   "n_capabilities_implemented": 27,
+   "n_mechanisms": 1,
+   "n_readouts": 6,
+   "n_interface_points": 10,
+   "n_sources": 14,
+   "n_limitations": 30,
+   "isaac_lab": "bridged",
+   "glb_up": "z",
+   "output_templates": true,
+   "files": {
+    "glb": "assets/expansion_batch05/t2_vacuum/esco_efa5uduvw/model.glb",
+    "urdf": "assets/expansion_batch05/t2_vacuum/esco_efa5uduvw/model.urdf",
+    "blend": "assets/expansion_batch05/t2_vacuum/esco_efa5uduvw/model.blend",
+    "contract": "assets/expansion_batch05/t2_vacuum/esco_efa5uduvw/asset.contract.json",
+    "runtime": "scripts/asset_runtime/esco_efa5uduvw.py"
+   },
+   "thumb": "media/thumb/esco_efa5uduvw.webp",
+   "hero": "media/hero/esco_efa5uduvw.webp"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "instrument.inert_puresolvmd",
+   "slug": "inert_puresolvmd",
+   "chem_id": "CHEM-200",
+   "name": "Solvent purification system",
+   "maker": "Inert",
+   "model": "PureSolv MD 7",
+   "title": "Inert PureSolv MD 7",
+   "name_zh": "溶剂纯化系统Inert PureSolv MD 7（7路溶剂，双柱，17 L储罐）",
+   "domain": "facility",
+   "domain_name": "Lab Environment & Utilities",
+   "domain_zh": "环境与公用系统",
+   "path": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inert_puresolvmd",
+   "size_m": [
+    1.6104,
+    0.8356,
+    1.9459
+   ],
+   "n_components": 84,
+   "n_mesh_parts": 84,
+   "n_joints": 27,
+   "joint_types": {
+    "revolute": 26,
+    "prismatic": 1
+   },
+   "n_state_slots": 67,
+   "n_capabilities": 23,
+   "n_capabilities_implemented": 19,
+   "n_mechanisms": 1,
+   "n_readouts": 0,
+   "n_interface_points": 18,
+   "n_sources": 14,
+   "n_limitations": 26,
+   "isaac_lab": "bridged",
+   "glb_up": "z",
+   "output_templates": true,
+   "files": {
+    "glb": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inert_puresolvmd/model.glb",
+    "urdf": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inert_puresolvmd/model.urdf",
+    "blend": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inert_puresolvmd/model.blend",
+    "contract": "assets/expansion_batch04/t2_vacuum/inert_puresolvmd/asset.contract.json",
+    "runtime": "scripts/asset_runtime/inert_puresolvmd.py"
+   },
+   "thumb": "media/thumb/inert_puresolvmd.webp",
+   "hero": "media/hero/inert_puresolvmd.webp"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "instrument.agilent_7890b_ssl_fid",
+   "slug": "agilent_7890b_ssl_fid",
+   "chem_id": null,
+   "name": "Gas chromatograph (S/SL inlet + FID)",
+   "maker": "Agilent",
+   "model": "7890B",
+   "title": "Agilent 7890B",
+   "name_zh": "Agilent 7890B 气相色谱仪（单 S/SL 进样口 + FID）",
+   "domain": "chromatography",
+   "domain_name": "Chromatography & Electrophoresis",
+   "domain_zh": "色谱与电泳分离",
+   "path": "assets/GC7890B",
+   "size_m": [
+    0.5803,
+    0.545,
+    0.4905
+   ],
+   "n_components": 52,
+   "n_mesh_parts": 0,
+   "n_joints": 50,
+   "joint_types": {
+    "revolute": 3,
+    "prismatic": 47
+   },
+   "n_state_slots": 0,
+   "n_capabilities": 16,
+   "n_capabilities_implemented": 14,
+   "n_mechanisms": 1,
+   "n_readouts": 3,
+   "n_interface_points": 1,
+   "n_sources": 0,
+   "n_limitations": 1,
+   "isaac_lab": "full",
+   "glb_up": "y",
+   "output_templates": false,
+   "files": {
+    "glb": "assets/GC7890B/GC7890B.glb",
+    "urdf": "assets/GC7890B/GC7890B.urdf",
+    "blend": "assets/GC7890B/GC7890B.blend"
+   },
+   "thumb": "media/thumb/agilent_7890b_ssl_fid.webp",
+   "hero": "media/hero/agilent_7890b_ssl_fid.webp"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "instrument.ohaus_px224e",
+   "slug": "ohaus_px224e",
+   "chem_id": null,
+   "name": "Analytical balance",
+   "maker": "OHAUS",
+   "model": "Pioneer PX224/E",
+   "title": "OHAUS Pioneer PX224/E",
+   "name_zh": "OHAUS Pioneer PX224/E 分析天平",
+   "domain": "metrology",
+   "domain_name": "Basic Metrology & Sample Handling",
+   "domain_zh": "基础计量与样品处理",
+   "path": "assets/PX224E",
+   "size_m": [
+    0.209,
+    0.3285,
+    0.309
+   ],
+   "n_components": 25,
+   "n_mesh_parts": 0,
+   "n_joints": 16,
+   "joint_types": {
+    "prismatic": 12,
+    "revolute": 4
+   },
+   "n_state_slots": 0,
+   "n_capabilities": 7,
+   "n_capabilities_implemented": 5,
+   "n_mechanisms": 0,
+   "n_readouts": 1,
+   "n_interface_points": 1,
+   "n_sources": 0,
+   "n_limitations": 0,
+   "isaac_lab": "partial",
+   "glb_up": "y",
+   "output_templates": false,
+   "files": {
+    "glb": "assets/PX224E/PX224E.glb",
+    "urdf": "assets/PX224E/PX224E.urdf"
+   },
+   "thumb": "media/thumb/ohaus_px224e.webp",
+   "hero": "media/hero/ohaus_px224e.webp"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "instrument.ohaus_spx2201",
+   "slug": "ohaus_spx2201",
+   "chem_id": null,
+   "name": "Portable precision balance",
+   "maker": "OHAUS",
+   "model": "Scout SPX2201",
+   "title": "OHAUS Scout SPX2201",
+   "name_zh": "OHAUS Scout SPX2201 电子天平",
+   "domain": "metrology",
+   "domain_name": "Basic Metrology & Sample Handling",
+   "domain_zh": "基础计量与样品处理",
+   "path": "assets/SPX2201",
+   "size_m": [
+    0.202,
+    0.2255,
+    0.054
+   ],
+   "n_components": 23,
+   "n_mesh_parts": 0,
+   "n_joints": 15,
+   "joint_types": {
+    "prismatic": 9,
+    "revolute": 6
+   },
+   "n_state_slots": 0,
+   "n_capabilities": 7,
+   "n_capabilities_implemented": 5,
+   "n_mechanisms": 0,
+   "n_readouts": 1,
+   "n_interface_points": 1,
+   "n_sources": 0,
+   "n_limitations": 0,
+   "isaac_lab": "partial",
+   "glb_up": "y",
+   "output_templates": false,
+   "files": {
+    "glb": "assets/SPX2201/SPX2201.glb",
+    "urdf": "assets/SPX2201/SPX2201.urdf"
+   },
+   "thumb": "media/thumb/ohaus_spx2201.webp",
+   "hero": "media/hero/ohaus_spx2201.webp"
+  }
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/examples/quickstart_fume_hood.py b/examples/quickstart_fume_hood.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8cf982ca5650217830fa450872c11e39cc68e552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/quickstart_fume_hood.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""Drive the Esco fume hood (CHEM-199) through its contract API.
+
+The agent raises the sash, notices that the uncalibrated airflow monitor reads low,
+measures the face velocity with a handheld anemometer and calibrates the monitor.
+
+Run from the repository root:  python examples/quickstart_fume_hood.py
+"""
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "scripts"))
+from asset_runtime import esco_efa5uduvw as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+hood = rt.EscoEfa5uduvwRuntime("hood_01")
+hood.register_principal("lab", "evaluator")  # sets up the world and can see hidden truth
+hood.register_principal("robot", "agent")    # sees only what a policy may see
+lab, robot = hood.session("lab"), hood.session("robot")
+_n = 0
+
+
+def call(session, capability, **arguments):
+    global _n
+    _n += 1
+    r = session.invoke(instance_id="hood_01", capability_id=capability, arguments=arguments, request_id=f"r{_n}")
+    if r["status"] != "succeeded":
+        raise RuntimeError(f"{capability}: {r['error']}")
+    return r["result"]
+
+
+def show(label):
+    obs = robot.read(instance_id="hood_01", state_ids=["monitor.reading_m_s", "monitor.alarm"])["observations"]
+    print(f"{label:20s} reading {obs['monitor.reading_m_s']['value']:.2f} m/s   alarm {obs['monitor.alarm']['value'] or 'none'}")
+
+
+call(lab, "plant.configure", **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)          # ambient 295.15 K, 101.325 kPa
+call(lab, "exhaust.configure", **rt.EXHAUST_EXAMPLE)      # building exhaust, damper half open
+call(robot, "light.set", on=True)
+call(robot, "sash.set", height_m=0.457)                    # raise the sash to the 18-inch stop
+call(lab, "sim.step", dt_s=30.0)                           # let the airflow settle
+show("before calibration")
+
+v = call(robot, "anemometer.measure")["face_velocity_m_s"]  # 18-point traverse of the sash opening
+print(f"{'anemometer':20s} {v:.3f} m/s")
+call(robot, "monitor.calibrate", reference_m_s=round(v, 3))
+call(lab, "sim.step", dt_s=10.0)
+show("after calibration")
+
+print("agent-visible capabilities:", len(robot.describe(instance_id="hood_01")["capabilities"]))
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdia/example_setup.py b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdia/example_setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b94b2c60a9720a84061cbd10d7e8c8d7d2bc8ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdia/example_setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+R=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[4];sys.path.insert(0,str(R));from scripts.asset_runtime.antonpaar_litesizerdia import *
+OBSERVED=[]
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ out=h.invoke(k,**a);OBSERVED.append(dict(capability_id=k,arguments=copy.deepcopy(a),result=copy.deepcopy(out)));return out
+def build(mode='liquid',sid='grain_capecod',method=None,plant=None,count=128):
+ h=AntonpaarLitesizerdiaRuntime();call(h,'plant.configure',**dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})))
+ if mode!='liquid':
+  call(h,'latch.set',angle_rad=.65);call(h,'module.withdraw',distance_m=.32);call(h,'module.select',mode=mode);call(h,'module.withdraw',distance_m=0.);call(h,'latch.set',angle_rad=0.)
+ call(h,'method.configure',**dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE,**dict({'mode':mode},**(method or {}))));call(h,'lid.set',angle_rad=1.55)
+ if mode=='liquid':call(h,'liquid.fill',volume_m3=.0003)
+ if mode=='dry':call(h,'air.add',amount_mol=1.);call(h,'vacuum.set',enabled=True)
+ call(h,'lid.set',angle_rad=0.);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'background.capture');call(h,'lid.set',angle_rad=1.55);call(h,'sample.load',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,substance_id=sid,particle_count=count));call(h,'lid.set',angle_rad=0.);return h
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdls/example_setup.py b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdls/example_setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b71f87d6f619b5361faf54ae9667cfa69edbf8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_litesizerdls/example_setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys,copy
+R=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[4];sys.path.insert(0,str(R/'scripts'));from asset_runtime import antonpaar_litesizerdls as rt
+OBSERVED=[]
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ r=h.invoke(k,**a);OBSERVED.append(dict(capability_id=k,arguments=copy.deepcopy(a),result=copy.deepcopy(r)));return r
+def configure(h,kind='omega',reference=rt.SID,mode='dls'):
+ call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'lid.release');call(h,'lid.set',angle_rad=1.7);call(h,'cuvette.set',lift_m=.12);call(h,'cell.configure',kind=kind);call(h,'cell_cap.set',lift_m=.022)
+ sample=dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id=reference,volume_m3=.7e-6 if kind=='omega' else 1e-6);call(h,'sample.load',**sample);call(h,'cell_cap.set',lift_m=0.);call(h,'cuvette.set',lift_m=0.);call(h,'lid.set',angle_rad=0.)
+ call(h,'temperature.calibrate',reference_k=[293.15,313.15],measured_k=[293.15,313.15]);call(h,'dls.calibrate',reference_m=100e-9,measured_m=100e-9);call(h,'mobility.calibrate',reference_m2_v_s=[-1e-8,1e-8],measured_m2_v_s=[-1e-8,1e-8]);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,mode=mode,angle_deg=15 if mode=='zeta' else 90));h.step(360.)
+ return h
+def run(h):
+ call(h,'acquisition.start')
+ while h.phase=='running':h.step(.1)
+ return call(h,'process.measure')
+def unload(h):
+ call(h,'lid.release');call(h,'lid.set',angle_rad=1.7);call(h,'cuvette.set',lift_m=.12);call(h,'cell_cap.set',lift_m=.022);return call(h,'sample.unload')
+if __name__=='__main__':
+ h=configure(rt.AntonpaarLitesizerdlsRuntime());r=run(h);print(r['phase'],r['dls']['z_average_m'],r['dls']['pdi']);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,mode='zeta',angle_deg=15));r=run(h);print(r['phase'],r['els']['zeta_v']);unload(h);print(call(h,'ledger.read'))
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_poremaster60/example_setup.py b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_poremaster60/example_setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b592e603714c36af4480fa12a5e2b06bc16b50f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_poremaster60/example_setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys,copy,math
+R=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[4];sys.path.insert(0,str(R/'scripts'));from asset_runtime import antonpaar_poremaster60 as rt
+OBSERVED={}
+def call(r,k,**a):
+ out=r.invoke(k,**a);OBSERVED.setdefault(k,[]).append((copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(out)));return out
+def setup(name='micp_demo',plant=None,ref='hemp_shiv',mass=None,entered_mass=None,low1=False):
+ r=rt.AntonpaarPoremaster60Runtime(name);p=copy.deepcopy(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+ if plant:p.update(plant)
+ call(r,'plant.configure',**p);call(r,'cell.configure',bulb_volume_m3=3.2e-6,stem_capacity_m3=.5e-6);call(r,'power.set',enabled=True)
+ for i in range(3):
+  xmax=[50*rt.PSI,1500*rt.PSI,rt.P_MAX][i];xs=[0.,xmax];call(r,'pressure.calibrate',range_index=i,reference_pa=xs,measured_pa=[p['pressure_gain'][i]*x+p['pressure_offset_pa'][i] for x in xs])
+ xs=[0.,.2e-6];call(r,'volume.calibrate',reference_volume_m3=xs,measured_capacitance_f=[x/p['capacitance_volume_factor_m3_f']+p['capacitance_offset_f'] for x in xs]);call(r,'mercury.fill',mass_kg=.1)
+ c=rt.LIB['substances'][ref]['conditions'];m=mass or c['source_sample_mass_kg'] or .0001;bulk=(c['source_bulk_volume_m3']/c['source_sample_mass_kg']*m) if c['source_bulk_volume_m3'] and c['source_sample_mass_kg'] else max(rt.CURVES[(ref,'intrusion')][1])*m*1.2
+ call(r,'guard0.set',angle_rad=1.4);call(r,'sample.load',sample_id=name+'_sample',reference_id=ref,true_dry_mass_kg=m,true_bulk_volume_m3=bulk,dry=True,accept_cross_instrument_transfer=True)
+ if low1:call(r,'guard1.set',angle_rad=1.4);call(r,'cell.transfer',destination='low1')
+ call(r,'guard0.set',angle_rad=0.);call(r,'guard1.set',angle_rad=0.)
+ # Host-provided engineering blank at the independently specified fill volume. Not measured OEM calibration.
+ fill_volume=r.bulb-bulk+r.capacity;grid=[0.]+[rt.P_MAX*i/1000 for i in range(1,1001)];blank=[fill_volume*(-math.expm1(-v/p['hg_bulk_modulus_pa']))+p['glass_compliance_m3_pa']*v for v in grid];call(r,'blank.calibrate',pressures_pa=grid,volumes_m3=blank)
+ meth=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE);meth['entered_mass_kg']=entered_mass or m
+ if ref!='hemp_shiv':
+  minimum=rt.CURVES[(ref,'intrusion')][0][0];meth['pressures_pa']=[max(minimum,3*rt.PSI),10*rt.PSI,30*rt.PSI,50*rt.PSI]
+ call(r,'method.configure',**meth);return r
+
+def run(r,max_s=3600):
+ call(r,'acquisition.start')
+ for _ in range(int(max_s/rt.DT)):
+  r.step(rt.DT)
+  if r.phase!='running':break
+ if r.phase!='succeeded':raise RuntimeError((r.phase,r.failure,r.stage,r.p,r.index,r.v))
+ return call(r,'process.measure')
+def high(r,cycle=True):
+ call(r,'guard'+r.position[-1]+'.set',angle_rad=1.4);call(r,'cap.set',lift_m=.19);call(r,'cell.transfer',destination='high');call(r,'guard0.set',angle_rad=0.);call(r,'guard1.set',angle_rad=0.);call(r,'cap.set',lift_m=0.)
+ meth=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE);meth.update(stage='high',entered_mass_kg=r.sample['true_dry_mass_kg'],pressure_rate_pa_s=2e7,pressure_tolerance_pa=7000.,max_volume_drift_m3_s=1e-12);peak=rt.CURVES[(r.sample['reference_id'],'intrusion')][0][-1];meth['pressures_pa']=[50*rt.PSI,1e6,1e7,1e8,peak]+([1e8,1e7,1e6,rt.CURVES[(r.sample['reference_id'],'extrusion')][0][0]] if cycle else []);call(r,'method.configure',**meth);return r
+if __name__=='__main__':
+ import json
+ r=setup();run(r);high(r);out=run(r);print(r.phase,len(out['points']),r.elapsed,out['max_pore_volume_m3_kg']);print(json.dumps(r._ledger(),indent=2));Path(__file__).with_name('example_porosimetry.json').write_text(json.dumps({'result':out,'ledger':r._ledger(),'scope':'engineering blank calibration; independent measured hemp fullcycle transfer'},indent=2)+'\n')
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_psa1190/example_setup.py b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_psa1190/example_setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..417099ea1eafd48fdb9a6185c492ea264e4018cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/antonpaar_psa1190/example_setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys,copy
+R=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[4];sys.path.insert(0,str(R));from scripts.asset_runtime.antonpaar_psa1190 import *
+OBSERVED=[]
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ r=h.invoke(k,**a);OBSERVED.append(dict(capability_id=k,arguments=copy.deepcopy(a),result=copy.deepcopy(r)));return r
+def build(mode='wet',sid=SID):
+ h=AntonpaarPsa1190Runtime();p=dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+ if sid.startswith('soil_'):p.update(n635=1.543,k635=.01,n830=1.543,k830=.01)
+ if mode=='dry':p['medium_n']=1.
+ call(h,'plant.configure',**p);call(h,'cover.set',angle_rad=1.2);call(h,'ultrasound.select',power_w=50.);call(h,'cover.set',angle_rad=0.);m=dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE,mode=mode,medium_n=p['medium_n'],n635=p['n635'],k635=p['k635'],n830=p['n830'],k830=p['k830']);call(h,'method.configure',**m)
+ if mode=='wet':call(h,'tank_lid.set',slide_m=.17);call(h,'liquid.fill',volume_m3=.00045);call(h,'tank_lid.set',slide_m=0.)
+ else:call(h,'air.add',amount_mol=2.)
+ call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=60.);call(h,'background.start');call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=60.)
+ s=dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,substance_id=sid,accept_range_truncation=True)
+ if sid.startswith('soil_'):s.update(mass_kg=.00045,true_density_kg_m3=2650.)
+ if mode=='wet':call(h,'tank_lid.set',slide_m=.17)
+ else:call(h,'dry_hood.set',lift_m=.20);call(h,'distributor.set',angle_rad=.6);s['mass_kg']=.030
+ call(h,'sample.load',**s)
+ if mode=='wet':call(h,'tank_lid.set',slide_m=0.)
+ else:call(h,'dry_hood.set',lift_m=0.)
+ return h
+if __name__=='__main__':
+ for mode,sid in [('wet',SID),('wet','soil_2014_111'),('dry',SID)]:
+  h=build(mode,sid);call(h,'acquisition.start');call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=15.1);r=call(h,'acquisition.result');print(mode,sid,h.phase,h.error,h.obsc,None if h.psd is None else {k:v for k,v in h.psd.items() if k in ['d10_m','d50_m','d90_m','relative_fit_residual']});print(h._ledger())
+ print('caps',len(CAPS),'slots',len(SLOTS))
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_sigma700/example_setup.py b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_sigma700/example_setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ae08b520c0d803a219aff3d3f036d95c24abef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_sigma700/example_setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys,copy
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[4];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'));from asset_runtime import biolin_sigma700 as rt
+OBSERVED=[]
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ r=h.invoke(k,**a);OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));return r
+def build(probe='plate',sid='cas_67_56_1',method=None,plant=None,c=0.,temp=293.15):
+ p=dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+ if sid.startswith(('apg_','sds_')):p.update(liquid_density_kg_m3=998.20715,liquid_cp_j_kg_k=4184.0509)
+ p.update(plant or {});h=rt.BiolinSigma700Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**p);call(h,'door.set',angle_rad=2.35);call(h,'probe.select',probe=probe);call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,substance_id=sid,concentration_kg_m3=c,temperature_k=temp));call(h,'door.set',angle_rad=0.);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**dict({'accept_ring_proxy':probe=='ring','analysis_density_difference_kg_m3':p['liquid_density_kg_m3']-p['upper_density_kg_m3']},**(method or {}))));call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);h.step(2.);call(h,'balance.tare');return h
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_thetaflex/example_setup.py b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_thetaflex/example_setup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed65f847f4971a56957e3c64ef367f4581ea2090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biolin_thetaflex/example_setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys,copy,math
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[4];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'));from asset_runtime import biolin_thetaflex as rt
+OBSERVED=[]
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ r=h.invoke(k,**a);OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));return r
+
+def finish(h,max_s=60):
+ start=h.time_s
+ while h.phase=='running' and h.time_s-start<max_s:call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=.1)
+ assert h.phase=='succeeded',(h.phase,h.error,h.stage)
+ return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+def setup(instance_id='thetaflex_01',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id'],plant=None):
+ h=rt.BiolinThetaFlexRuntime(instance_id);call(h,'plant.configure',**(plant or rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE));call(h,'sample.load',reference_id=reference_id,accept_unknown_conditions=True);call(h,'stock.load',reference_id=reference_id,volume_m3=2e-7);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'illumination.set',fraction=.8);call(h,'focus.set',position_m=.006);call(h,'camera.calibrate',known_length_m=.001,observed_pixels=.001/(h.method['field_width_m']/rt.W));call(h,'stage.move',x_m=.04,y_m=.02,z_m=.025);finish(h);return h
+
+def put_drop(h,volume=2e-10):
+ call(h,'dispenser.move',position_m=.020);finish(h);call(h,'liquid.transfer',volume_m3=volume);finish(h);call(h,'dispenser.move',position_m=.0);finish(h)
+
+def static_example():
+ h=setup();put_drop(h);call(h,'acquisition.start');result=finish(h);return h,result
+
+def dynamic_example():
+ h=setup('theta_dynamic');put_drop(h,4e-11);m=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE);m.update(mode='dynamic',frame_rate_hz=5.,flow_m3_s=3e-11);call(h,'method.configure',**m);call(h,'dispenser.move',position_m=.0240);finish(h);call(h,'liquid.transfer',volume_m3=1.4e-10);advance=finish(h);call(h,'liquid.transfer',volume_m3=-1.7e-10);recede=finish(h);angles=call(h,'analysis.hysteresis',advancing_rad=[x['mean_rad'] for x in advance['rows']],receding_rad=[x['mean_rad'] for x in recede['rows']]);return h,advance,recede,angles
+if __name__=='__main__':
+ h,r=static_example();print('static angle deg',math.degrees(r['rows'][-1]['mean_rad']),'imagechars',len(r['image_png_base64']));h,a,b,c=dynamic_example();print('dynamic',len(a['rows']),len(b['rows']),c,'ledger',call(h,'ledger.read'))
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biorad_miniprotean/migration_chart_digitized.json b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biorad_miniprotean/migration_chart_digitized.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa9584162ea7db8c4c65e55a748114fb25119446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biorad_miniprotean/migration_chart_digitized.json
@@ -0,0 +1,741 @@
+{
+ "source": "Bio-Rad bulletin 1658100 (Mini-PROTEAN Precast Gels Instruction Manual and Application Guide), p.9 migration charts",
+ "pdf_sha256": "4790097f20a2e733c6e5e07b29603e2751c629b78f2e9b9f783d16c58ef24cba",
+ "page": 15,
+ "method_zh": "从PDF矢量图读取泳道外框与条带标记线的精确坐标（0.1 pt），按文字包围盒配对kD标签；泳道外框=整块7.2 cm胶，底边=参考线/染料前沿，分离胶顶在底边以上6.2 cm。",
+ "evidence": "digitized_manufacturer_chart",
+ "gel_height_cm": 7.2,
+ "resolving_height_cm": 6.2,
+ "sets": {
+  "precision_plus_unstained": [
+   {
+    "gel": "7.5%",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.97656200000006,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 655.0703120000001,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 452.19140600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 465.55,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.569,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 250.0,
+      "y_pt": 499.6,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.114,
+      "rf": 0.1797
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 150.0,
+      "y_pt": 513.82,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.5791,
+      "rf": 0.2547
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 100.0,
+      "y_pt": 538.55,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.3881,
+      "rf": 0.3852
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 75.0,
+      "y_pt": 576.96,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.6449,
+      "rf": 0.5879
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 50.0,
+      "y_pt": 610.85,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.7535,
+      "rf": 0.7667
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 37.0,
+      "y_pt": 633.98,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.51,
+      "rf": 0.8887
+     }
+    ]
+   },
+   {
+    "gel": "10%",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.97656200000006,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 655.0703120000001,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 452.19140600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 465.55,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.569,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 250.0,
+      "y_pt": 498.5,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.0779,
+      "rf": 0.1739
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 150.0,
+      "y_pt": 508.05,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.3905,
+      "rf": 0.2243
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 100.0,
+      "y_pt": 526.55,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.9957,
+      "rf": 0.3219
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 75.0,
+      "y_pt": 547.27,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.6735,
+      "rf": 0.4312
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 50.0,
+      "y_pt": 576.24,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.6211,
+      "rf": 0.5841
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 37.0,
+      "y_pt": 603.07,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.4989,
+      "rf": 0.7256
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 25.0,
+      "y_pt": 629.79,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.3731,
+      "rf": 0.8666
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 20.0,
+      "y_pt": 639.05,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.6759,
+      "rf": 0.9155
+     }
+    ]
+   },
+   {
+    "gel": "12%",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.97656200000006,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 655.0703120000001,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 452.19140600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 465.55,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.569,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 250.0,
+      "y_pt": 497.41,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.0425,
+      "rf": 0.1682
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 150.0,
+      "y_pt": 505.2,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.2972,
+      "rf": 0.2092
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 100.0,
+      "y_pt": 519.36,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.7606,
+      "rf": 0.284
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 75.0,
+      "y_pt": 538.33,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.3811,
+      "rf": 0.384
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 50.0,
+      "y_pt": 558.43,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.0387,
+      "rf": 0.4901
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 37.0,
+      "y_pt": 573.72,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.5387,
+      "rf": 0.5708
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 25.0,
+      "y_pt": 600.25,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.4065,
+      "rf": 0.7107
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 20.0,
+      "y_pt": 609.43,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.7068,
+      "rf": 0.7592
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 15.0,
+      "y_pt": 639.07,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.6766,
+      "rf": 0.9156
+     }
+    ]
+   },
+   {
+    "gel": "4–15%",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.97656200000006,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 655.0703120000001,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 452.19140600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 465.55,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.569,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 250.0,
+      "y_pt": 500.88,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.156,
+      "rf": 0.1865
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 150.0,
+      "y_pt": 521.25,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.8222,
+      "rf": 0.2939
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 100.0,
+      "y_pt": 538.58,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.3893,
+      "rf": 0.3854
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 75.0,
+      "y_pt": 551.71,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.8186,
+      "rf": 0.4546
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 50.0,
+      "y_pt": 573.04,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.5164,
+      "rf": 0.5672
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 37.0,
+      "y_pt": 591.16,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.1094,
+      "rf": 0.6628
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 25.0,
+      "y_pt": 614.62,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.8766,
+      "rf": 0.7866
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 20.0,
+      "y_pt": 624.5,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.1998,
+      "rf": 0.8387
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 15.0,
+      "y_pt": 641.37,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.7517,
+      "rf": 0.9277
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 10.0,
+      "y_pt": 651.23,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 6.0745,
+      "rf": 0.9798
+     }
+    ]
+   },
+   {
+    "gel": "4–20%",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.97656200000006,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 655.0703120000001,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 452.19140600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 465.55,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.569,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 250.0,
+      "y_pt": 493.34,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 0.9093,
+      "rf": 0.1467
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 150.0,
+      "y_pt": 513.31,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.5625,
+      "rf": 0.252
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 100.0,
+      "y_pt": 530.65,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.1297,
+      "rf": 0.3435
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 75.0,
+      "y_pt": 545.27,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.6082,
+      "rf": 0.4207
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 50.0,
+      "y_pt": 564.88,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.2497,
+      "rf": 0.5241
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 37.0,
+      "y_pt": 579.59,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.7309,
+      "rf": 0.6018
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 25.0,
+      "y_pt": 602.61,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.4837,
+      "rf": 0.7232
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 20.0,
+      "y_pt": 609.29,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.7023,
+      "rf": 0.7584
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 15.0,
+      "y_pt": 627.82,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.3086,
+      "rf": 0.8562
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 10.0,
+      "y_pt": 640.61,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.7269,
+      "rf": 0.9237
+     }
+    ]
+   },
+   {
+    "gel": "Any kD",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.97656200000006,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 655.0703120000001,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 452.19140600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 465.55,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.569,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 250.0,
+      "y_pt": 495.11,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 0.967,
+      "rf": 0.156
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 150.0,
+      "y_pt": 501.17,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.1655,
+      "rf": 0.188
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 100.0,
+      "y_pt": 511.64,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.5079,
+      "rf": 0.2432
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 75.0,
+      "y_pt": 523.62,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.8997,
+      "rf": 0.3064
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 50.0,
+      "y_pt": 542.64,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.5221,
+      "rf": 0.4068
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 37.0,
+      "y_pt": 558.18,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.0304,
+      "rf": 0.4888
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 25.0,
+      "y_pt": 584.51,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.8917,
+      "rf": 0.6277
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 20.0,
+      "y_pt": 597.35,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.3118,
+      "rf": 0.6955
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 15.0,
+      "y_pt": 618.43,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.0015,
+      "rf": 0.8067
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 10.0,
+      "y_pt": 639.43,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.6885,
+      "rf": 0.9175
+     }
+    ]
+   }
+  ],
+  "broad_range_unstained": [
+   {
+    "gel": "7.5%",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.195312,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 654.28125,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 451.41015600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 464.76,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.567,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 200.0,
+      "y_pt": 502.22,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.2254,
+      "rf": 0.1976
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 116.0,
+      "y_pt": 535.77,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.3228,
+      "rf": 0.3746
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 97.4,
+      "y_pt": 548.24,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.7309,
+      "rf": 0.4405
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 66.0,
+      "y_pt": 586.02,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.9667,
+      "rf": 0.6398
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 45.0,
+      "y_pt": 625.71,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.2652,
+      "rf": 0.8492
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 31.0,
+      "y_pt": 649.91,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 6.0569,
+      "rf": 0.9769
+     }
+    ]
+   },
+   {
+    "gel": "10%",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.195312,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 654.28125,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 451.41015600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 464.76,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.567,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 200.0,
+      "y_pt": 499.74,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.1443,
+      "rf": 0.1846
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 116.0,
+      "y_pt": 522.32,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.8831,
+      "rf": 0.3037
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 97.4,
+      "y_pt": 532.07,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.2018,
+      "rf": 0.3551
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 66.0,
+      "y_pt": 560.91,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.1453,
+      "rf": 0.5073
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 45.0,
+      "y_pt": 593.62,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.2154,
+      "rf": 0.6799
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 31.0,
+      "y_pt": 626.59,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.2941,
+      "rf": 0.8539
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 21.5,
+      "y_pt": 645.17,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.9019,
+      "rf": 0.9519
+     }
+    ]
+   },
+   {
+    "gel": "12%",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.195312,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 654.28125,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 451.41015600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 464.76,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.567,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 200.0,
+      "y_pt": 496.87,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.0504,
+      "rf": 0.1694
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 116.0,
+      "y_pt": 519.43,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.7883,
+      "rf": 0.2884
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 97.4,
+      "y_pt": 525.27,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.9793,
+      "rf": 0.3192
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 66.0,
+      "y_pt": 545.64,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.646,
+      "rf": 0.4268
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 45.0,
+      "y_pt": 570.21,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.4497,
+      "rf": 0.5564
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 31.0,
+      "y_pt": 593.17,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.2007,
+      "rf": 0.6775
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 21.5,
+      "y_pt": 631.76,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.4633,
+      "rf": 0.8812
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 14.4,
+      "y_pt": 646.82,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.956,
+      "rf": 0.9607
+     }
+    ]
+   },
+   {
+    "gel": "4–15%",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.195312,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 654.28125,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 451.41015600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 464.76,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.567,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 200.0,
+      "y_pt": 498.73,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.1114,
+      "rf": 0.1793
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 116.0,
+      "y_pt": 536.54,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.348,
+      "rf": 0.3787
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 97.4,
+      "y_pt": 548.78,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.7486,
+      "rf": 0.4433
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 66.0,
+      "y_pt": 568.4,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.3905,
+      "rf": 0.5469
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 45.0,
+      "y_pt": 585.53,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.9508,
+      "rf": 0.6372
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 31.0,
+      "y_pt": 608.76,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.7109,
+      "rf": 0.7598
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 21.5,
+      "y_pt": 631.56,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.4568,
+      "rf": 0.8801
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 14.4,
+      "y_pt": 643.41,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.8445,
+      "rf": 0.9427
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 6.5,
+      "y_pt": 650.79,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 6.0856,
+      "rf": 0.9816
+     }
+    ]
+   },
+   {
+    "gel": "4–20%",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.195312,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 654.28125,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 451.41015600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 464.76,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.567,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 200.0,
+      "y_pt": 496.78,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.0475,
+      "rf": 0.1689
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 116.0,
+      "y_pt": 526.03,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.0044,
+      "rf": 0.3233
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 97.4,
+      "y_pt": 534.27,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.2737,
+      "rf": 0.3667
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 66.0,
+      "y_pt": 553.84,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.9142,
+      "rf": 0.47
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 45.0,
+      "y_pt": 572.41,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.5215,
+      "rf": 0.568
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 31.0,
+      "y_pt": 595.93,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.2911,
+      "rf": 0.6921
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 21.5,
+      "y_pt": 617.02,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.981,
+      "rf": 0.8034
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 14.4,
+      "y_pt": 630.32,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.416,
+      "rf": 0.8735
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 6.5,
+      "y_pt": 639.55,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.7182,
+      "rf": 0.9223
+     }
+    ]
+   },
+   {
+    "gel": "Any kD",
+    "lane_top_pt": 434.195312,
+    "lane_bottom_pt": 654.28125,
+    "well_bottom_pt": 451.41015600000003,
+    "resolving_top_pt": 464.76,
+    "pt_per_cm": 30.567,
+    "bands": [
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 200.0,
+      "y_pt": 492.0,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 0.8911,
+      "rf": 0.1437
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 116.0,
+      "y_pt": 505.11,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.32,
+      "rf": 0.2129
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 97.4,
+      "y_pt": 509.86,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.4752,
+      "rf": 0.2379
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 66.0,
+      "y_pt": 525.87,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 1.9991,
+      "rf": 0.3224
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 45.0,
+      "y_pt": 548.08,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 2.7257,
+      "rf": 0.4396
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 31.0,
+      "y_pt": 576.32,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 3.6495,
+      "rf": 0.5886
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 21.5,
+      "y_pt": 606.21,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 4.6275,
+      "rf": 0.7464
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 14.4,
+      "y_pt": 625.15,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.2469,
+      "rf": 0.8463
+     },
+     {
+      "mw_kda": 6.5,
+      "y_pt": 639.88,
+      "distance_from_resolving_top_cm": 5.729,
+      "rf": 0.924
+     }
+    ]
+   }
+  ]
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/independent_permeation_source_validation.json b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/independent_permeation_source_validation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42c4b39ab77c886d31f50403e21a7aa15010af27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/independent_permeation_source_validation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+{
+  "catalog_id": "CHEM-147",
+  "checked_at": "2026-09-24T12:39:42.801221+00:00",
+  "status": "passed",
+  "method": "independent re-read of the cached polyVERSE CSV by line number; unit conversions recomputed with independent constants; RDKit SMILES parse; license/hashes",
+  "library": "assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/oxygen_permeation_library.json",
+  "library_sha256": "4efb2f2c4fb60cd637b6f1e37327c324a70a511199f015331bcd3565af8beb72",
+  "csv_sha256": "546c6120713c737a1b0b93a7558ef2e745fb0a44ca5498473532b7077955e7f3",
+  "templates": 128,
+  "with_diffusivity": 92,
+  "passed_count": 11,
+  "checks": [
+    {
+      "id": "csv_header",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": [
+        "property",
+        "smiles_string",
+        "p_csmiles",
+        "value",
+        "unscaled_value",
+        "Activity",
+        "Temp",
+        "Solvent_SMILES",
+        "source"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "at_least_50_templates",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": 128
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "at_least_50_with_measured_diffusivity",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": 92
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "unique_ids",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": null
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "unique_repeat_units",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": null
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "license_copy_identical",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": null
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "no_synthetic_records",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": null
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "barrer_constant",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": 3.3463981560817787e-16
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "every_template_matches_source_row_and_conversion",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": []
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "csv_sha_recorded",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": "546c6120713c737a1b0b93a7558ef2e745fb0a44ca5498473532b7077955e7f3"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "rdkit_available_for_smiles_parse",
+      "status": "passed",
+      "detail": null
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/interface_definition.py b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/interface_definition.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a03c9f8630043ee6408e488306526974459caf33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/interface_definition.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+"""CHEM-147 AMETEK MOCON OX-TRAN 2/22 L shared interface geometry (SI, +Z up, +Y rear, origin = bench footprint centre).
+
+Single source for build_geometry.py, build_blender.py, verify_geometry.py and the Matterix scripts.  The runtime
+(scripts/asset_runtime/ametek_oxtran.py) keeps its own copies of the physical constants; the tests compare them.
+
+Manufacturer facts: body 12 in W x 23 in D x 15.5 in H (30.4 x 58.0 x 39.4 cm), 95 lb (43.1 kg) (2020 brochure p4 under an
+"Interior Dimensions and Volume" heading; the current product page and the same-chassis OX-TRAN 2/28 manual list the same
+numbers as the uncrated physical specification).  Front/rear layouts follow the OX-TRAN 2/28 operator's manual line drawings
+(Fig. 2-1 front, 2-2 behind the cover, 2-3 back panel; same chassis and 43.1 kg) and the 2/22 product photographs.  The
+drawings put 394 mm at the top of the side shoulders; the colour touchscreen stands above the body (photo/drawing estimate).
+Every local number below is a drawing / photo estimate or an engineering assumption (see geometry_manifest evidence).
+"""
+import math
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- body (manufacturer envelope, touchscreen excluded)
+BODY_M = (0.304, 0.580, 0.394)               # W x D x H (manufacturer uncrated physical specification)
+FRONT_Y = -BODY_M[1] / 2                     # -0.290 front face
+REAR_Y = BODY_M[1] / 2                       # +0.290 rear face
+FOOT_H = 0.025                               # block feet (front and rear drawings)
+SHOULDER_X = 0.130                           # |x| of the inner edge of the raised side shoulders beside the display
+RECESS_Z = 0.360                             # top of the display recess between the shoulders (front part)
+RECESS_BACK_Y = -0.175                       # rear end of the display recess
+# front vertical bands (front drawing): left control column | centre drawer column | right column
+LEFT_COLUMN_X = (-0.152, -0.085)
+CENTER_COLUMN_X = (-0.085, 0.084)
+BAND_B_Z = (FOOT_H, 0.130)                   # cell B module band
+BAND_A_Z = (0.130, 0.226)                    # cell A module band
+COVER_Z = (0.226, 0.334)                     # hinged upper front cover (OX-TRAN label)
+COVER_X = (-0.082, 0.082)
+COVER_THICKNESS = 0.004
+COVER_HINGE = (0.0, FRONT_Y - 0.0065, COVER_Z[1])        # cover plate 4.5-8.5 mm in front of the face (clears the vent stubs)
+COVER_OPEN_RAD = 1.40
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- cells, drawers, cartridges
+DRAWER_FRONT_Z = {'a': (0.170, 0.219), 'b': (0.078, 0.127)}
+DRAWER_CENTER_Z = {k: (v[0] + v[1]) / 2 for k, v in DRAWER_FRONT_Z.items()}
+DRAWER_FRONT_X = (-0.084, 0.084)
+DRAWER_PROUD = 0.010                         # handle stands 10 mm in front of the face when closed
+DRAWER_TRAVEL_M = 0.190                      # fully open: the cartridge clears the front face for lifting
+BAY_X = (-0.080, 0.080)
+BAY_DEPTH = 0.245                            # bay from the front face into the body
+BAY_H = 0.046
+CARTRIDGE_SIZE = (0.140, 0.150, 0.022)       # removable horizontal test cartridge (photo / drawing estimate)
+CARTRIDGE_Y_LOCAL = 0.098                    # centre of the cartridge behind the drawer front (drawer-local +Y)
+TRAY_LENGTH = 0.230                          # tray stays engaged in the bay at full travel
+TRAY_TOP_LOCAL = -0.0215                     # tray top surface relative to the drawer front centre (bay floor -0.0225)
+CARTRIDGE_Z_LOCAL = TRAY_TOP_LOCAL + CARTRIDGE_SIZE[2] / 2   # -0.0105: cartridge rests on the tray, top at +0.0005
+PLATEN_REST_BOTTOM_LOCAL = CARTRIDGE_Z_LOCAL + CARTRIDGE_SIZE[2] / 2 + 0.003   # clamp platen 3 mm above the cartridge when released
+PLATEN_T = 0.004
+BAY_HALF_H = 0.0225
+TEST_AREA_M2 = 50e-4                         # documented standard test area 50 cm^2
+TEST_WINDOW_D = 2 * math.sqrt(TEST_AREA_M2 / math.pi)   # 79.8 mm circle
+FILM_ACROSS_FLATS = 0.1016                   # 4 in x 4 in film (product page "Film Size 4 x 4 in std."), cut octagonal
+CLAMP_TRAVEL_M = 0.003                       # pneumatic clamp platen stroke (engineering assumption)
+CELLS = ('a', 'b')
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- left column: load/unload buttons, status lamps, labels
+BUTTON_X = -0.114
+BUTTON_Z = {'a': 0.191, 'b': 0.098}
+LAMP_Z = {'a': 0.205, 'b': 0.113}
+BUTTON_R = 0.0080
+BEZEL_R = 0.0105
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- touchscreen (tilted tablet above the body)
+DISPLAY_TILT_RAD = math.radians(16.0)        # face tilted back from vertical (photo estimate)
+DISPLAY_W, DISPLAY_H, DISPLAY_T = 0.252, 0.145, 0.016
+DISPLAY_HINGE = (0.0, -0.208, 0.357)         # centre of the lower back edge line
+U = [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+V = [0.0, math.sin(DISPLAY_TILT_RAD), math.cos(DISPLAY_TILT_RAD)]
+N = [0.0, -math.cos(DISPLAY_TILT_RAD), math.sin(DISPLAY_TILT_RAD)]
+DISPLAY_CENTER = [DISPLAY_HINGE[0] + V[0] * DISPLAY_H / 2 + N[0] * DISPLAY_T,
+                  DISPLAY_HINGE[1] + V[1] * DISPLAY_H / 2 + N[1] * DISPLAY_T,
+                  DISPLAY_HINGE[2] + V[2] * DISPLAY_H / 2 + N[2] * DISPLAY_T]      # front face centre of the tablet
+
+
+def panel_point(u, v, n=0.0):
+    """Display-face local (u right, v up the face, n outward) -> asset frame."""
+    return [DISPLAY_CENTER[i] + u * U[i] + v * V[i] + n * N[i] for i in range(3)]
+
+
+SCREEN_SIZE = (0.222, 0.125)                 # active area (10.1 in class, drawing estimate)
+SCREEN_CENTER_UV = (0.0, 0.002)
+READOUT_FIELD_U = (0.050, 0.104)             # right-hand status column of the engineering UI where the digits sit
+READOUT_LINES_V = {'otr_a_digits': 0.030, 'otr_b_digits': 0.000, 'temperature_digits': -0.030}
+READOUT_DIGIT_H = 0.0105
+LED_BG = (0.012, 0.020, 0.030)
+OTR_DISPLAY_SCALE = 22414.0 * 86400.0        # mol/(m2 s) -> cc(STP)/(m2 day)
+READOUTS = [dict(name='otr_cell_a_sim', part='otr_a_digits', face='N', digits=6, decimals=3, unit='cc/(m2 day)', on=(0.40, 0.86, 0.98), off=LED_BG,
+                 blank_channel=None, source={'bridge': ['cell_a.last_otr_mol_m2_s'], 'scale': OTR_DISPLAY_SCALE}),
+            dict(name='otr_cell_b_sim', part='otr_b_digits', face='N', digits=6, decimals=3, unit='cc/(m2 day)', on=(0.98, 0.78, 0.30), off=LED_BG,
+                 blank_channel=None, source={'bridge': ['cell_b.last_otr_mol_m2_s'], 'scale': OTR_DISPLAY_SCALE}),
+            dict(name='cell_temperature_sim', part='temperature_digits', face='N', digits=4, decimals=1, unit='C', on=(0.92, 0.94, 0.95), off=LED_BG,
+                 blank_channel=None, source={'bridge': ['thermal.indicated_k'], 'offset': -273.15})]
+LAMPS = [dict(name='cell_a_status', part='lamp_cell_a', face='-Y', digits=0, decimals=0, unit='1', on=(0.20, 0.95, 0.25), off=(0.02, 0.05, 0.03),
+              source={'lamp': {'bridge': 'cell_a.indicator_on'}}),
+         dict(name='cell_b_status', part='lamp_cell_b', face='-Y', digits=0, decimals=0, unit='1', on=(0.20, 0.95, 0.25), off=(0.02, 0.05, 0.03),
+              source={'lamp': {'bridge': 'cell_b.indicator_on'}})]
+READOUT_NOTE_ZH = ('厂家为彩色触摸屏（WinPerm 2 界面，照片可见OTR曲线、A/B/Z池状态与右侧菜单）；本资产在屏幕右侧状态栏叠加三行工程七段读数：A池与B池最近一次报告的OTR'
+                   '（cc/(m²·day)，由运行层SI值×22414×86400换算）和池温°C，均来自公开传感/报告状态，不是原厂界面、字体或驱动；A-/B-上方的状态灯亮=该池已夹紧'
+                   '（灯语为工程映射，厂家未公开）。')
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- behind the cover (2/28 Fig. 2-2 layout)
+RECESS_PANEL_Y = FRONT_Y - 0.0004           # dark service panel just proud of the face, hidden by the closed cover
+RECESS_X = (-0.080, 0.080)
+THERMOMETER_WELL = (0.0, 0.2356)            # (x, z) centre, "Temp" well visible through the cover notch (Fig. 2-2 item 12)
+VENTS = {'vent_zero': (0.071, 0.2751), 'vent_cell_a': (0.071, 0.2510), 'vent_cell_b': (0.071, 0.2276)}   # Fig. 2-2 items 9-11 (Z/A/B)
+TEST_GAS_PORT = (0.0004, 0.2755)            # centre fitting behind the cover (manual: cover gives access to the test gas port)
+AUX_PORT = (0.0573, 0.2309)                 # small unlabelled fitting next to the B vent (purpose not documented)
+COVER_SCREWS = [(-0.0398, 0.3139), (0.0399, 0.3139)]
+COVER_NOTCH = dict(x=(-0.021, 0.021), z=(COVER_Z[0], 0.251))
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- rear panel (2/28 Fig. 2-3 layout)
+REAR_PANEL_X = (-0.107, 0.107)
+REAR_PANEL_Z = (0.030, 0.325)
+GAS_INLETS = {'carrier_gas_inlet': (-0.076, 0.263), 'test_gas_inlet': (-0.057, 0.263)}
+COOLING_FAN = dict(center=(0.028, 0.220), radius=0.075)
+ENCLOSURE_FANS = {'enclosure_fan_left': (-0.016, 0.075), 'enclosure_fan_right': (0.066, 0.075)}
+ENCLOSURE_FAN_R = 0.038
+POWER_ENTRY = dict(center=(-0.080, 0.060), size=(0.031, 0.049))
+POWER_SWITCH = dict(center=(-0.080, 0.075), size=(0.018, 0.012))
+POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD = 0.30
+ETHERNET = (0.127, 0.124)
+USB = {'usb_1': (0.120, 0.076), 'usb_2': (0.134, 0.076)}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- ports, joints, process mirrors
+PORTS = [('carrier_gas_inlet', 'carrier_gas_inlet', 'gas', 'in'), ('test_gas_inlet', 'test_gas_inlet', 'gas', 'in'),
+         ('vent_zero', 'vent_zero', 'gas', 'out'), ('vent_cell_a', 'vent_cell_a', 'gas', 'out'), ('vent_cell_b', 'vent_cell_b', 'gas', 'out'),
+         ('test_gas_outlet', 'test_gas_port', 'gas', 'out'), ('cell_a_film', 'cartridge_a', 'mechanical', 'bidirectional'),
+         ('cell_b_film', 'cartridge_b', 'mechanical', 'bidirectional'), ('thermometer_well', 'thermometer_well', 'thermal', 'in'),
+         ('line_power', 'power_entry', 'electrical', 'in'), ('ethernet', 'ethernet_port', 'data', 'bidirectional'),
+         ('usb_1', 'usb_1', 'data', 'bidirectional'), ('usb_2', 'usb_2', 'data', 'bidirectional'), ('cooling_air', 'cooling_fan', 'thermal', 'out')]
+# (part, state_id, capability, blender attribute, unit, upper) ; process-authoritative mirrors
+MOTION = [('drawer_a', 'drawer_a.position_m', 'drawer.move', 'location[1]', 'm', DRAWER_TRAVEL_M),
+          ('drawer_b', 'drawer_b.position_m', 'drawer.move', 'location[1]', 'm', DRAWER_TRAVEL_M),
+          ('clamp_a', 'clamp_a.position_m', 'cell.load_unload', 'location[2]', 'm', CLAMP_TRAVEL_M),
+          ('clamp_b', 'clamp_b.position_m', 'cell.load_unload', 'location[2]', 'm', CLAMP_TRAVEL_M),
+          ('power_switch', 'power.angle_rad', 'power.set', 'rotation_euler[0]', 'rad', POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD)]
+PASSIVE_JOINTS = [('cover', 'cover.angle_rad', COVER_OPEN_RAD)]
+KEYS = [('button_load_a', 'a'), ('button_load_b', 'b')]
+KEY_COMMANDS = {'button_load_a': ('cell.load_unload', {'cell': 'A'}), 'button_load_b': ('cell.load_unload', {'cell': 'B'})}
+
+PORT_GEOMETRY = {
+    'carrier_gas_inlet': dict(pos=[GAS_INLETS['carrier_gas_inlet'][0], REAR_Y + 0.020, GAS_INLETS['carrier_gas_inlet'][1]], insert_axis=[0, -1, 0], radius=0.0016, capture=0.003),
+    'test_gas_inlet': dict(pos=[GAS_INLETS['test_gas_inlet'][0], REAR_Y + 0.020, GAS_INLETS['test_gas_inlet'][1]], insert_axis=[0, -1, 0], radius=0.0016, capture=0.003),
+    'vent_zero': dict(pos=[VENTS['vent_zero'][0], RECESS_PANEL_Y - 0.004, VENTS['vent_zero'][1]], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.004, capture=0.003),
+    'vent_cell_a': dict(pos=[VENTS['vent_cell_a'][0], RECESS_PANEL_Y - 0.004, VENTS['vent_cell_a'][1]], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.004, capture=0.003),
+    'vent_cell_b': dict(pos=[VENTS['vent_cell_b'][0], RECESS_PANEL_Y - 0.004, VENTS['vent_cell_b'][1]], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.004, capture=0.003),
+    'test_gas_outlet': dict(pos=[TEST_GAS_PORT[0], RECESS_PANEL_Y - 0.004, TEST_GAS_PORT[1]], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.003, capture=0.003),
+    'thermometer_well': dict(pos=[THERMOMETER_WELL[0], RECESS_PANEL_Y - 0.002, THERMOMETER_WELL[1]], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.0035, capture=0.003),
+    'line_power': dict(pos=[POWER_ENTRY['center'][0], REAR_Y + 0.004, POWER_ENTRY['center'][1] - 0.010], insert_axis=[0, -1, 0], radius=0.010, capture=0.004),
+    'ethernet': dict(pos=[ETHERNET[0], REAR_Y + 0.003, ETHERNET[1]], insert_axis=[0, -1, 0], radius=0.006, capture=0.003),
+    'usb_1': dict(pos=[USB['usb_1'][0], REAR_Y + 0.003, USB['usb_1'][1]], insert_axis=[0, -1, 0], radius=0.004, capture=0.003),
+    'usb_2': dict(pos=[USB['usb_2'][0], REAR_Y + 0.003, USB['usb_2'][1]], insert_axis=[0, -1, 0], radius=0.004, capture=0.003),
+    'cooling_air': dict(pos=[COOLING_FAN['center'][0], REAR_Y + 0.010, COOLING_FAN['center'][1]], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=COOLING_FAN['radius'], capture=0.01),
+}
+for _cell in CELLS:
+    PORT_GEOMETRY[f'cell_{_cell}_film'] = dict(pos=[0.0, FRONT_Y + CARTRIDGE_Y_LOCAL, DRAWER_CENTER_Z[_cell] + CARTRIDGE_Z_LOCAL + CARTRIDGE_SIZE[2] / 2],
+                                              insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=TEST_WINDOW_D / 2, capture=0.01, access=[f'drawer_{_cell}_joint'])   # q=0 pose; rides the drawer link
+for _row in PORT_GEOMETRY.values():
+    _row.update(position_evidence='geometry_derived_simulation_assumption', capture_evidence='simulation_assumption',
+                note='接口位置取自2/28同机身线图与2/22照片的比例估计；捕获半径为工程几何，真实管径/pinout/机器人接触未验证。')
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/interface_definition.py b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/interface_definition.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48bc53abcf416ee63cbee9842a073bff277d6561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/interface_definition.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"""CHEM-149 METTLER TOLEDO RC1mx + HFCal (standard torque stirrer, MidTemp oil, AP01-2 glass reactor): single source of the
+interface numbers shared by geometry, runtime tests, Matterix metadata and the scene (SI, +Z up, +Y back, origin at the centre
+of the documented RC1mx footprint, floor Z=0).
+
+Documented (RC1mx User Manual 30357680B, 7.1): the RC1mx with the standard stirrer motor is 669 mm wide, 670 mm deep and
+1180.5 mm high and weighs 170 kg -- without reactor and touchscreen terminal.  Component positions inside that envelope are
+read from the dimension drawing (manual p.27, rendered at 300 dpi and calibrated on the 669 / 670 / 1180.5 mm dimension lines;
+the front view is scaled 0.905 mm/px horizontally and 0.956 mm/px vertically, the side view 1.017 / 1.022 mm/px) together
+with the labelled overview drawings (p.9 front side, p.10 left side, p.11 electronics cabinet bottom); they are drawing
+estimates with about +-5 mm reading error.  The AP01-2 reactor data (2.5 L nominal, 0.5-2 L operating volume, cover ports,
+anchor stirrer, split-flange oil connections, reactor support in rod clamps and double clamps 120 mm apart) come from the RC1e
+High Performance Thermostat operating instructions (predecessor thermostat, same reactor family); the reactor diameters and
+wall thicknesses are engineering values.  The touchscreen and the emergency button are separate units of the scope of
+delivery; their bench positions are assumptions."""
+import math
+
+SLUG = 'mt_rc1mxhfcal'
+# ---- documented envelope of the RC1mx thermostat with the standard stirrer motor (no reactor, no terminal)
+ENVELOPE_M = (0.669, 0.670, 1.1805)
+X_LEFT, X_RIGHT = -0.3345, 0.3345             # cabinet left face .. right rod-clamp blocks
+Y_FRONT, Y_BACK = -0.335, 0.335               # stirrer-motor holder arm .. cabinet back
+TOP_Z = 1.1805                                # top of the standard stirrer motor
+# ---- thermostat: base, rear body (column core), front module, top band, electronics cabinet
+BASE_Z = 0.031
+BASE_Y = (-0.115, 0.332)
+COL_X = (-0.0913, 0.310)
+COL_Y = (0.030, 0.331)                        # rear body; its front face is recessed behind the front module
+FRONT_X = (-0.0095, 0.227)                    # front module between the frame rods (oil connections, rotameter)
+FRONT_Y = (-0.062, COL_Y[0])
+COL_TOP_Z = 1.033
+TOPBAND_Z = (1.002, COL_TOP_Z)
+CAB_X = (X_LEFT, COL_X[0])
+CAB_Y = (0.0855, 0.331)
+CAB_Z = (0.432, 1.031)
+# ---- accessory frame: two vertical rods in front of the column, two U-bars held by clamp blocks on the corner rails
+ROD_X = (-0.022, 0.238)
+ROD_Y = -0.103
+ROD_R = 0.007
+ROD_TOP_Z = 0.942
+BAR_Z = (0.500, 0.906)                        # cross-member heights of the lower and upper U-bar
+BAR_Y = -0.135                                # cross members run along X in front of the rods
+BAR_X = (-0.058, 0.289)                       # risers into the clamp blocks
+BAR_R = 0.006
+CLAMP_BLOCK_Z = ((0.429, 0.471), (0.835, 0.876))
+CLAMP_BLOCK_Y = (-0.044, COL_Y[0])
+CLAMP_BLOCK_X = ((COL_X[0], -0.038), (0.254, X_RIGHT))
+# ---- stirrer motor on the holder (support clamp on the upper U-bar, horizontal arm, mounting plate)
+AXIS_X, AXIS_Y = 0.1275, -0.262               # stirrer / reactor axis (front view 0.1274 m, side view -0.262 m)
+MOTOR_XY = (0.077, 0.075)                     # motor body width (X) and depth (Y)
+MOTOR_Z = (0.995, TOP_Z)
+MOTOR_BAND_Z = (0.985, 0.995)
+PLATE_X = (0.0615, 0.1928)
+PLATE_Y = (-0.302, -0.222)
+PLATE_Z = (0.959, MOTOR_BAND_Z[0])
+ARM_Z = 0.9735
+ARM_Y = (-0.151, Y_FRONT + 0.001)
+CHUCK_Z = (0.935, PLATE_Z[0])
+# ---- AP01-2 double-wall glass reactor (engineering dimensions; nominal 2.5 L, operating 0.5-2 L documented for the RC1e)
+REACTOR_INNER_R = 0.060
+REACTOR_WALL = 0.004
+JACKET_OUTER_R = 0.080
+REACTOR_FLANGE_Z = 0.500                      # top of the glass flange / cover seat
+REACTOR_BOTTOM_Z = 0.262                      # inner bottom
+JACKET_Z = (0.214, 0.470)
+COVER_H = 0.030
+SUPPORT_RING_Z = (0.476, 0.486)               # reactor support (steel ring under the glass flange)
+SUPPORT_CLAMP_Z = (0.481, 0.361)              # rod clamp and double clamp on each frame rod, 120 mm apart (documented distance)
+NOMINAL_VOLUME_M3 = 2.5e-3
+OPERATING_VOLUME_M3 = (0.5e-3, 2.0e-3)
+DRAIN_Z = 0.160                               # bottom drain valve body centre
+OUTLET_Z = 0.100                              # BS 29 ball-joint outlet
+IMPELLER_Z = REACTOR_BOTTOM_Z + 0.010         # "position the stirrer about 1 cm above the bottom of the reactor"
+IMPELLER_D = 0.100                            # anchor stirrer diameter (engineering)
+IMPELLER_H = 0.094
+PROBE_RING_R = 0.034                          # Tr sensor, calibration heater and dip tube stay inside the anchor sweep
+# cover ports (documented configuration: ST 29/32 centre, ST 45/40, 2 x ST 19/26, 2 x ST 29/32): name -> (dx, dy, neck radius, neck height, joint)
+COVER_PORTS = {
+    'central': (0.0, 0.0, 0.016, 0.045, 'ST 29/32'),
+    'large': (0.0, -0.052, 0.026, 0.036, 'ST 45/40'),
+    'tr': (-PROBE_RING_R * math.cos(math.radians(30)), PROBE_RING_R * 0.5, 0.012, 0.030, 'ST 19/26'),
+    'ph': (PROBE_RING_R * math.cos(math.radians(30)), PROBE_RING_R * 0.5, 0.012, 0.030, 'ST 19/26'),
+    'cal': (-PROBE_RING_R * math.cos(math.radians(30)), -PROBE_RING_R * 0.5, 0.0165, 0.032, 'ST 29/32'),
+    'dip': (PROBE_RING_R * math.cos(math.radians(30)), -PROBE_RING_R * 0.5, 0.0165, 0.032, 'ST 29/32'),
+}
+PROBE_TOP_Z = {'tr': 0.600, 'cal': 0.598, 'dip': 0.585}
+PROBE_TIP_Z = REACTOR_BOTTOM_Z + 0.045        # immersed at the 0.5 L minimum operating volume (liquid height 44 mm)
+
+
+def port_top_z(name):
+    return REACTOR_FLANGE_Z + COVER_H + COVER_PORTS[name][3] - 0.004
+
+
+# ---- oil connections to the reactor on the front module (outlet upper, inlet lower): RC1 nozzle, blue split flange, glass flange
+OIL_UPPER = (0.0721, 0.389)                   # (x, z)
+OIL_LOWER = (0.1815, 0.2284)
+OIL_NOZZLE_Y = (FRONT_Y[0], -0.100)
+OIL_FLANGE_Y = -0.113                         # reactor-side glass flange face
+# ---- front module details
+ROTAMETER = dict(x=(0.038, 0.059), z=(0.756, 0.833), panel_x=(0.010, 0.085), panel_z=(0.705, 0.882), knob=(0.0473, 0.731))
+SOCKET_BOX = dict(x=(COL_X[0], -0.0383), y=(-0.044, COL_Y[0]), z=(0.619, 0.720))
+TR_SOCKET_XY = (-0.0865, -0.026)
+CAL_SOCKET_XY = (-0.0743, -0.039)
+STIRRER_BUTTON_XZ = (-0.081, 0.639)
+OIL_WINDOW = dict(x=-0.0150, y=(-0.058, -0.046), z=(0.451, 0.615))
+# ---- left side of the column (below the cabinet): control valve cover, coolant plate, oil drain stopcock
+VALVE_COVER = dict(y=0.1364, z=0.2690, r=0.057, flange_r=0.098, x0=-0.2266)
+COOLANT_PLATE = dict(y=(0.042, 0.222), z=(0.044, 0.119))
+COOLANT_IN_Y, COOLANT_OUT_Y, COOLANT_Z = 0.180, 0.084, 0.082
+FITTING_X0 = -0.141                           # hose-end of the coolant fittings
+STOPCOCK = dict(y=0.132, z=0.083, valve_x=(-0.217, -0.157), end_x=-0.239, handle_top=0.121)
+INTERFACE_STRIP = dict(y=(0.045, 0.075), z=(0.745, 0.985))
+# ---- operator units on the bench (assumed placement; separate units in the scope of delivery)
+TERMINAL_CENTER = (0.470, -0.180)             # touchscreen stand (x, y)
+EMERGENCY_CENTER = (-0.300, -0.285)           # emergency (safeguard) button box (x, y)
+# ---- motion (process-authoritative mirrors) and keys
+STIRRER_JOINT_MAX_RAD = 2 * math.pi           # the shaft angle is mirrored modulo one turn
+DRAIN_OPEN_RAD = math.pi / 2
+MOTION = [('stirrer_shaft', 'stirrer.angle_rad', 'stirrer.set', 'rotation', 'rad', STIRRER_JOINT_MAX_RAD),
+          ('drain_valve_handle', 'drain.angle_rad', 'reactor.discharge', 'rotation', 'rad', DRAIN_OPEN_RAD)]
+PASSIVE_JOINTS = []
+KEYS = ['button_power', 'button_stirrer', 'button_emergency']
+# explicit URDF spring-key joints: press direction into the housing (the Matterix panel pass signs whole-link keys towards the
+# asset centroid, which inverts the switch under the cabinet and the mushroom on top of the floor box); 1.5 mm travel
+KEY_AXES = {'button_power': [0.0, 0.0, 1.0], 'button_stirrer': [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], 'button_emergency': [0.0, 0.0, -1.0]}
+KEY_TRAVEL_M = 0.0015
+KEY_JOINTS = {k: k + '_joint' for k in KEYS}
+KEY_COMMANDS = {'button_power': ('power.toggle', {}), 'button_stirrer': ('stirrer.toggle', {}), 'button_emergency': ('emergency.trigger', {})}
+# ---- simulated overlay readouts on the touchscreen and the status light (not the original iControl GUI)
+TOUCH = dict(center=(TERMINAL_CENTER[0], TERMINAL_CENTER[1] - 0.0205, 0.300), width=0.250, height=0.160)
+LED_BG = (0.02, 0.03, 0.04)
+READOUT_NOTE_ZH = ('RC1mx触摸屏为iControl图形界面；本资产在触摸屏上叠加三行仿真七段读数（Tr °C、Tj °C、转速rpm），不是原厂界面；'
+                   '电控柜正面左上角状态灯（厂家：通电后变绿）用绿段表示通电且无急停程序，旁边的红段表示急停程序激活（红色语义为工程约定）。')
+READOUTS = [dict(name='tr_sim', part='tr_digits', face='-Y', digits=5, decimals=1, unit='C', on=(0.98, 0.55, 0.12), off=LED_BG, blank_channel=None,
+                 source={'bridge': ['reactor.indicated_k'], 'offset': -273.15}),
+            dict(name='tj_sim', part='tj_digits', face='-Y', digits=5, decimals=1, unit='C', on=(0.98, 0.55, 0.12), off=LED_BG, blank_channel=None,
+                 source={'bridge': ['jacket.indicated_k'], 'offset': -273.15}),
+            dict(name='speed_sim', part='speed_digits', face='-Y', digits=4, decimals=0, unit='rpm', on=(0.98, 0.55, 0.12), off=LED_BG, blank_channel=None,
+                 source={'bridge': ['stirrer.indicated_rpm']})]
+LAMPS = [dict(name='status_ok', part='lamp_status_ok', face='-Y', digits=0, decimals=0, unit='1', on=(0.20, 0.95, 0.25), off=(0.02, 0.05, 0.03),
+              source={'lamp': {'bridge': 'status.ok'}}),
+         dict(name='status_alarm', part='lamp_status_alarm', face='-Y', digits=0, decimals=0, unit='1', on=(1.00, 0.18, 0.12), off=(0.06, 0.02, 0.02),
+              source={'lamp': {'bridge': 'emergency.active'}})]
+# ---- ports: (name, component, medium, direction)
+PORTS = [('reactor_port_large', 'reactor_cover', 'liquid', 'in'), ('dosing_dip_tube', 'dip_tube', 'liquid', 'in'),
+         ('drain_outlet', 'drain_valve_body', 'liquid', 'out'), ('tr_sensor_socket', 'front_socket_box', 'electrical', 'bidirectional'),
+         ('calibration_heater_socket', 'front_socket_box', 'electrical', 'in'), ('coolant_in', 'coolant_in_fitting', 'liquid', 'in'),
+         ('coolant_out', 'coolant_out_fitting', 'liquid', 'out'), ('purge_gas_inlet', 'purge_inlet', 'gas', 'in'), ('power_inlet', 'electronics_cabinet', 'electrical', 'in'),
+         ('data_sockets', 'interface_strip', 'data', 'bidirectional'), ('oil_drain', 'oil_drain_stopcock', 'liquid', 'out'),
+         ('probe_port_st19', 'reactor_cover', 'mechanical', 'in')]
+PORT_MEANING = {
+    'reactor_port_large': '反应器盖ST 45/40大口（厂家：free, big probes）：装料漏斗或大探头（宿主装料代理；本资产只模拟液相物料）',
+    'dosing_dip_tube': '加料浸管（装在ST 29/32口）：外部加料泵/天平送入的加料物流在液面下进入',
+    'drain_outlet': '反应器底阀出口（BS 29球磨口）：放料', 'tr_sensor_socket': '正面插座盒顶部Tr传感器插座（Tr/Trs双Pt100）',
+    'calibration_heater_socket': '正面插座盒顶部校准加热器插座（HFCal标定热功率）', 'coolant_in': '左侧冷却水进口（≥10 L/min）', 'coolant_out': '左侧冷却水出口',
+    'purge_gas_inlet': '电控柜底部惰性吹扫气接口（Purge-1油箱/Purge-2电控柜；最高0.5 bar，≥80 mL/min）',
+    'power_inlet': '电控柜底部电源线接口（Type L 200–240 V 3~ / Type H 350–415 V 3N~，最大4800 W）',
+    'data_sockets': '立柱左侧接口条：CAN-1 Out、USB×4、以太网、触摸屏（Control unit）、RS-232×2', 'oil_drain': '放油旋塞（仅室温下操作）',
+    'probe_port_st19': '反应器盖ST 19/26空口（厂家：free, pH electrodes），参考姿态用玻璃塞封住'}
+_R_TOP = REACTOR_FLANGE_Z + COVER_H
+PORT_GEOMETRY = {                                # insert_axis = outward normal of the interface (slot local +Z)
+    'reactor_port_large': dict(pos=[AXIS_X + COVER_PORTS['large'][0], AXIS_Y + COVER_PORTS['large'][1], port_top_z('large')], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=0.0225,
+                               capture=0.03, access=[]),
+    'dosing_dip_tube': dict(pos=[AXIS_X + COVER_PORTS['dip'][0], AXIS_Y + COVER_PORTS['dip'][1], PROBE_TOP_Z['dip'] + 0.020], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=0.003,
+                            capture=0.02, access=[]),
+    'drain_outlet': dict(pos=[AXIS_X, AXIS_Y, OUTLET_Z], insert_axis=[0, 0, -1], radius=0.0145, capture=0.03, access=[]),
+    'tr_sensor_socket': dict(pos=[TR_SOCKET_XY[0], TR_SOCKET_XY[1], SOCKET_BOX['z'][1] + 0.010], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=0.005, capture=0.01, access=[]),
+    'calibration_heater_socket': dict(pos=[CAL_SOCKET_XY[0], CAL_SOCKET_XY[1], SOCKET_BOX['z'][1] + 0.010], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=0.005, capture=0.01,
+                                      access=[]),
+    'coolant_in': dict(pos=[FITTING_X0, COOLANT_IN_Y, COOLANT_Z], insert_axis=[-1, 0, 0], radius=0.009, capture=0.02, access=[]),
+    'coolant_out': dict(pos=[FITTING_X0, COOLANT_OUT_Y, COOLANT_Z], insert_axis=[-1, 0, 0], radius=0.009, capture=0.02, access=[]),
+    'purge_gas_inlet': dict(pos=[-0.253, 0.245, CAB_Z[0] - 0.014], insert_axis=[0, 0, -1], radius=0.004, capture=0.01, access=[]),
+    'power_inlet': dict(pos=[-0.300, 0.297, CAB_Z[0] - 0.030], insert_axis=[0, 0, -1], radius=0.008, capture=0.02, access=[]),
+    'data_sockets': dict(pos=[COL_X[0] - 0.009, sum(INTERFACE_STRIP['y']) / 2, 0.865], insert_axis=[-1, 0, 0], radius=0.006, capture=0.02, access=[]),
+    'oil_drain': dict(pos=[STOPCOCK['end_x'], STOPCOCK['y'], STOPCOCK['z']], insert_axis=[-1, 0, 0], radius=0.004, capture=0.02, access=[]),
+    'probe_port_st19': dict(pos=[AXIS_X + COVER_PORTS['ph'][0], AXIS_Y + COVER_PORTS['ph'][1], port_top_z('ph')], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=0.0094,
+                            capture=0.01, access=[]),
+}
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/source_cache/rc1e_curves_digitized.json b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/source_cache/rc1e_curves_digitized.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..091d9edee1c839ad39721b09bda3b56b8fe452ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/source_cache/rc1e_curves_digitized.json
@@ -0,0 +1,68493 @@
+{
+ "source": {
+  "file": "outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/source_cache/rc1e_thermostat_manual.pdf",
+  "sha256": "69a3bb3394e221b9a883d7c74dd98db2e10ee894091e26cc2118b5a2f494c789",
+  "document": "METTLER TOLEDO RC1e High Performance Thermostat operating instructions",
+  "locator": "9.6 Typical heating and cooling curves with the AP01-2-L reactor (printed p.48-50, curves 1-4)"
+ },
+ "configuration": {
+  "stirrer": "anchor, glass",
+  "oil": "MidTemp (silicone oil 47V20)",
+  "coolant": "water approx. 16 C, approx. 10 L/min",
+  "reactor": "AP01-2"
+ },
+ "digitised_at": "2026-09-25T11:09:02.483498+00:00",
+ "method": [
+  "20 min); Tj is the red trace, Tr the black trace (axes, tick marks and the Tj/Tr/Tc labels with their leaders masked), Tc the",
+  "cyan trace; the regions start 12 px right of the T axis and end before the t-axis arrow head.  Writes source_cache/rc1e_curves_digitized.json with pixel calibration, per-trace samples (t in s, T in C) and the",
+  "sha256 of the source PDF and of the rendered pages.  Reading error: about +-1 K and +-0.1 min (1 px = 0.2 K, 0.06 min)."
+ ],
+ "plots": {
+  "curve1_empty_Tj_mode": {
+   "page_png": "outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/source_cache/img/rc1e_curves_300dpi-50.png",
+   "page_png_sha256": "356373ecb4b081fee43c5e7cf8b754309084a7718b39cce5f213d11c5930dae0",
+   "calibration": {
+    "y_ticks_px": [
+     1532.5,
+     1631.5,
+     1730.5,
+     1829.5,
+     1928.5,
+     2027.5,
+     2126.5,
+     2225.5,
+     2324.5,
+     2423.5,
+     2522.5
+    ],
+    "x_ticks_px": [
+     728.5,
+     1047.5,
+     1371.5
+    ],
+    "T_per_px": -0.20202020202020218,
+    "s_per_px": 3.732428658499224,
+    "T_fit_residual_K": 2.2737367544323206e-13,
+    "t_fit_residual_s": 6.220714430830412
+   },
+   "columns": [
+    "t_s",
+    "T_median_C",
+    "T_min_C",
+    "T_max_C"
+   ],
+   "series": {
+    "Tj": [
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+    "Tc": 1283,
+    "Tr": 1188
+   }
+  }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/template_validation.json b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/template_validation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..824cc01aa319302914b50522a34a9fc0f9623143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/template_validation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6794 @@
+{
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+   "detail": "1.050 @ 25 °C/4 °C"
+  },
+  {
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+  },
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+  },
+  {
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+  },
+  {
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+  {
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+  },
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+  },
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_ethyl_propanoate",
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+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_ethyl_propanoate",
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+   "detail": "0.8917 @ 20 °C/4 °C"
+  },
+  {
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+  },
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+  },
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+  },
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+  },
+  {
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+   "detail": "0.8735 g/cu cm at 25 °C"
+  },
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+  },
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+  },
+  {
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+  },
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+  },
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+  },
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
+   "id": "dfh_median_rule_acetone",
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+  {
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+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_acetone",
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+   "detail": "0.7845 g/cu cm at 20 °C"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_acetone",
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_acetone",
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_acetone",
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+  {
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+  {
+   "id": "density_range_p_xylene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 861.04,
+    "T": 293.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_p_xylene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 861.04,
+    "median_of_record_numbers": 0.8605,
+    "numbers": 4
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_p_xylene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "nist_bytes_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_mass_basis_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_entries_on_page_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    183.2,
+    182.6,
+    235.6,
+    182.84,
+    179.9
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_median_rule_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_range_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1755.544887181949
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_conflict_screen_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "chosen": 182.84,
+    "median_10K": 182.84
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_entries_on_page_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    103.4,
+    87.6
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_median_rule_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": "0.9016 g/cu cm at 25 °C"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 901.6,
+    "raw": "0.9016 g/cu cm at 25 °C"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_range_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 901.6,
+    "T": 298.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 901.6,
+    "median_of_record_numbers": 0.908,
+    "numbers": 8
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_styrene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "nist_bytes_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_mass_basis_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_entries_on_page_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    199.0
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_median_rule_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_range_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1840.2071388940262
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_conflict_screen_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "chosen": 199.0,
+    "median_10K": 199.0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_entries_on_page_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    -114.8,
+    -120.0
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_median_rule_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": "0.9956 AT 18 °C/4 °C"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 995.6,
+    "raw": "0.9956 AT 18 °C/4 °C"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_range_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 995.6,
+    "T": 291.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 995.6,
+    "median_of_record_numbers": 0.9943,
+    "numbers": 6
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_anisole",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "nist_bytes_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_mass_basis_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_entries_on_page_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    194.1,
+    191.01,
+    193.7,
+    192.05,
+    178.8,
+    190.92,
+    193.38,
+    192.5
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_median_rule_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_range_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 2064.5871362611406
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_conflict_screen_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "chosen": 192.275,
+    "median_10K": 192.05
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_entries_on_page_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    31.3
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_median_rule_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": "1.0217 at 20 °C/20 °C"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1021.7,
+    "raw": "1.0217 at 20 °C/20 °C"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_range_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1021.7,
+    "T": 293.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1021.7,
+    "median_of_record_numbers": 1.02085,
+    "numbers": 6
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_aniline",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "nist_bytes_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_mass_basis_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_entries_on_page_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    181.13,
+    186.69,
+    186.73,
+    177.8
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_median_rule_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_range_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1493.8672731703355
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_conflict_screen_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "chosen": 183.91,
+    "median_10K": 179.925
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_entries_on_page_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    12.5
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_median_rule_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": "Density: 1.199 g/cu cm at 25 °C/4 °C; Specific heat: 1.509 J"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1199.0,
+    "raw": "Density: 1.199 g/cu cm at 25 °C/4 °C; Specific heat: 1.509 J"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_range_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1199.0,
+    "T": 298.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1199.0,
+    "median_of_record_numbers": 1.2018499999999999,
+    "numbers": 8
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_nitrobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "nist_bytes_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_mass_basis_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_entries_on_page_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    152.1,
+    153.78,
+    150.787,
+    147.7,
+    150.08,
+    141.0
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_median_rule_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_range_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1336.592625499778
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_conflict_screen_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "chosen": 150.4335,
+    "median_10K": 150.6
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_entries_on_page_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    11.5,
+    10.7
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_median_rule_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": "1.1058 g/cu cm at 20 °C"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1105.8,
+    "raw": "1.1058 g/cu cm at 20 °C"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_range_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1105.8,
+    "T": 293.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1105.8,
+    "median_of_record_numbers": 1.11,
+    "numbers": 9
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_chlorobenzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "nist_bytes_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_mass_basis_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_entries_on_page_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    133.0,
+    132.72,
+    134.93,
+    133.3
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_median_rule_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_range_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1683.312262958281
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_conflict_screen_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "chosen": 133.15,
+    "median_10K": 133.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_entries_on_page_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    99.96,
+    100.2
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_median_rule_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": "0.98272 @ 20 °C/4 °C"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 982.72,
+    "raw": "0.98272 @ 20 °C/4 °C"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_range_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 982.72,
+    "T": 293.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 982.72,
+    "median_of_record_numbers": 0.98271,
+    "numbers": 6
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_pyridine",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "nist_bytes_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_mass_basis_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_entries_on_page_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    172.5
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_median_rule_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_range_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 2327.3070696168375
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_conflict_screen_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "chosen": 172.5,
+    "median_10K": 171.94
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_entries_on_page_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    -271.2
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_median_rule_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": "0.7134 at 20 °C/4 °C"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 713.4,
+    "raw": "0.7134 at 20 °C/4 °C"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_range_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 713.4,
+    "T": 293.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 713.4,
+    "median_of_record_numbers": 0.7134,
+    "numbers": 7
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_diethyl_ether",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "nist_bytes_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_mass_basis_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_entries_on_page_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    124.1,
+    124.1,
+    122.92,
+    123.56,
+    123.9,
+    123.9,
+    120.0,
+    120.5
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_median_rule_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_range_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1715.85078352517
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_conflict_screen_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "chosen": 123.73,
+    "median_10K": 123.73
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": "0.8833 g/cu cm at 25 °C"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 883.3,
+    "raw": "0.8833 g/cu cm at 25 °C"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_range_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 883.3,
+    "T": 298.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 883.3,
+    "median_of_record_numbers": 0.889,
+    "numbers": 6
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_tetrahydrofuran",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "nist_bytes_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_mass_basis_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_entries_on_page_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    149.65,
+    150.57,
+    149.489,
+    150.65,
+    150.77,
+    149.73,
+    149.0,
+    149.0,
+    140.2,
+    155.6,
+    147.9,
+    147.9,
+    152.97
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_median_rule_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_range_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1698.4451254114176
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_conflict_screen_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "chosen": 149.65,
+    "median_10K": 149.65
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_entries_on_page_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": [
+    -355.13,
+    -353.5
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dfh_median_rule_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": "1.0337 g/cu cm at 20 °C"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1033.7,
+    "raw": "1.0337 g/cu cm at 20 °C"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_range_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1033.7,
+    "T": 293.15
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "rho": 1033.7,
+    "median_of_record_numbers": 1.03185,
+    "numbers": 6
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "liquid_at_298K_dioxane_1_4",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "nist_bytes_dichloromethane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cp_mass_basis_dichloromethane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
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+  {
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+  },
+  {
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+  },
+  {
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+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_dichloromethane",
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+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_dichloromethane",
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+  {
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+  },
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+  },
+  {
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+  {
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+  },
+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+   "detail": "1.4788 g/cu cm at 25 °C"
+  },
+  {
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+  },
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_pentane",
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+   "detail": "0.6262 g/cu cm at 20 °C"
+  },
+  {
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+  },
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
+   "id": "dfh_entries_on_page_hexane",
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+  {
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+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_bytes_hexane",
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+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": "0.6606 g/cu cm at 25 °C"
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "density_number_matches_text_hexane",
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+  },
+  {
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+  {
+   "id": "density_consistent_with_record_median_hexane",
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
+   "id": "density_text_in_record_limonene",
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+  {
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+    "lib": -65490.0
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "reaction_species_in_library_methanol_acetylation",
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "reaction_enthalpy_recomputed_ethanol_acetylation",
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+    "lib": -63315.0
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "reaction_species_in_library_ethanol_acetylation",
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+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "reaction_enthalpy_recomputed_butanol_acetylation",
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "reaction_species_in_library_butanol_acetylation",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "reaction_enthalpy_recomputed_methyl_acetate_esterification",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "own": -8120.0,
+    "lib": -8120.0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "reaction_species_in_library_methyl_acetate_esterification",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "reaction_enthalpy_recomputed_ethyl_acetate_esterification",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "own": -5945.0,
+    "lib": -5945.0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "reaction_species_in_library_ethyl_acetate_esterification",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "family_screen_acetic_anhydride_hydrolysis",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "dh": -57370.0,
+    "median": -57370.0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "family_screen_methanol_acetylation",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "dh": -65490.0,
+    "median": -65490.0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "family_screen_ethanol_acetylation",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "dh": -63315.0,
+    "median": -65490.0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "family_screen_butanol_acetylation",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "dh": -140700.0,
+    "median": -65490.0
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "family_screen_methyl_acetate_esterification",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "dh": -8120.0,
+    "median": -7032.5
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "family_screen_ethyl_acetate_esterification",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "dh": -5945.0,
+    "median": -7032.5
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "acetic_anhydride_hydrolysis_exothermic_order",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": -57370.0
+  }
+ ],
+ "failed": [],
+ "method": "independent text scan of the cached NIST (Mask=2) pages and PubChem Density records; recomputation of mass-basis heat capacities, medians, Shomate values and reaction enthalpies; homologous-series screen reproduced"
+}
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/thermal_calibration.json b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/thermal_calibration.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..983c2bf8cb667ad412684745e57d50d58a37667d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/thermal_calibration.json
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+{
+ "catalog_id": "CHEM-149",
+ "asset_type_id": "instrument.mt_rc1mxhfcal",
+ "fitted_at": "2026-09-25T14:06:15.065137+00:00",
+ "source": {
+  "digitised": "outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/source_cache/rc1e_curves_digitized.json",
+  "digitised_sha256": "a304be87363253febbb6ab66f9555e95fd46053115a98886ccfc9e3a745677cd",
+  "document": "RC1e High Performance Thermostat operating instructions 9.6 (curves 1-4)"
+ },
+ "documented_inputs": {
+  "heater_w": 2000.0,
+  "stationary_cooling_w": 100.0,
+  "coolant": "water approx. 16 C, approx. 10 L/min",
+  "stirrer": "glass anchor, 200 rpm",
+  "tr_controller": "P 9, P-only (RC1e software presets the reset time to 999999 s)",
+  "tdiff_max_k": 50.0
+ },
+ "fixed_engineering": {
+  "ambient_k": 295.15,
+  "coolant_k": 289.15,
+  "coolant_flow_m3_s": 0.00016666666666666666,
+  "phi_wall_w_m2k": 239.4957983193277,
+  "kp_tj_w_k": 1000.0,
+  "ti_tj_s": 60.0,
+  "l_cold_w_k": 3.0,
+  "ua_empty_w_k": 1.0,
+  "glycerol_viscosity_pa_s_for_stirrer_power": 1.4,
+  "c_ins_j_k": 150.0,
+  "trouton_j_mol_k": 88.0
+ },
+ "switch_times_s": {
+  "curve1_empty_Tj_mode": {
+   "setpoint_up": 247.34104929811565,
+   "setpoint_down_or_emergency": 1803.763799892292
+  },
+  "curve2_1L_water_Tr_mode": {
+   "setpoint_up": 303.9352502954275,
+   "setpoint_down_or_emergency": 1679.600074502595
+  },
+  "curve3_2L_water_Tr_mode": {
+   "setpoint_up": 303.92054350056833,
+   "setpoint_down_or_emergency": 1770.9332896409342
+  },
+  "curve4_1L_glycerol_Tr_mode_emergency_A": {
+   "setpoint_up": 228.36096039368067,
+   "setpoint_down_or_emergency": 3122.5245783126466
+  }
+ },
+ "fitted": {
+  "C_J": 9041.874300591024,
+  "L_J": 6.7099936470968515,
+  "G_VALVE": 57.1017655334523,
+  "G_SAFETY": 55.897521747119924,
+  "C_C": 31966.789471394164,
+  "UA_COIL": 289.93684619975585,
+  "P_COLD": 494.44818543289637,
+  "L_R": 0.005165576774617651,
+  "K_EV": 6.787810436983388e-06,
+  "U_W200": 181.31071468466538,
+  "U_GLY": 166.91544060181752
+ },
+ "derived": {
+  "h_ref_water_200rpm_w_m2k": 746.2935798099212,
+  "ua_1l_water_w_k": 7.644651508488009,
+  "ua_2l_water_w_k": 13.688341997976853,
+  "ua_1l_glycerol_w_k": 7.037699768631188,
+  "wetted_area_1l_m2": 0.04216326388533378,
+  "wetted_area_2l_m2": 0.0754965972186671,
+  "coolant_conductance_w_k": 237.17088334134425
+ },
+ "optimizer": {
+  "method": "scipy.optimize.least_squares (trf, log-parameters)",
+  "status": 3,
+  "nfev": 17,
+  "cost": 21.279577517951356
+ },
+ "residuals": {
+  "curve1_empty_Tj_mode": {
+   "Tj": {
+    "rmse_k": 1.3685188670811057,
+    "max_abs_k": 9.034401696985583,
+    "samples": 236
+   },
+   "Tc": {
+    "rmse_k": 1.315883339302206,
+    "max_abs_k": 5.394606689113402,
+    "samples": 240
+   }
+  },
+  "curve2_1L_water_Tr_mode": {
+   "Tj": {
+    "rmse_k": 2.343716793338593,
+    "max_abs_k": 16.442772339834505,
+    "samples": 297
+   },
+   "Tr": {
+    "rmse_k": 1.525721450893809,
+    "max_abs_k": 4.375378325358099,
+    "samples": 293
+   },
+   "Tc": {
+    "rmse_k": 1.7309738168401383,
+    "max_abs_k": 3.9576460621627234,
+    "samples": 279
+   }
+  },
+  "curve3_2L_water_Tr_mode": {
+   "Tj": {
+    "rmse_k": 4.202860151557892,
+    "max_abs_k": 25.254772971253885,
+    "samples": 389
+   },
+   "Tr": {
+    "rmse_k": 2.4323095647355304,
+    "max_abs_k": 4.029789042212428,
+    "samples": 392
+   },
+   "Tc": {
+    "rmse_k": 1.37081467259648,
+    "max_abs_k": 4.399073530940598,
+    "samples": 415
+   }
+  },
+  "curve4_1L_glycerol_Tr_mode_emergency_A": {
+   "Tj": {
+    "rmse_k": 2.0647076842739014,
+    "max_abs_k": 11.314607273654246,
+    "samples": 425
+   },
+   "Tr": {
+    "rmse_k": 1.6655092865916512,
+    "max_abs_k": 4.382584347553177,
+    "samples": 396
+   },
+   "Tc": {
+    "rmse_k": 1.5448449369561523,
+    "max_abs_k": 7.53264744696628,
+    "samples": 427
+   }
+  }
+ },
+ "rate_check": {
+  "curve1_empty_Tj_mode_heating": {
+   "trace": "Tj",
+   "from_c": 60.0,
+   "to_c": 180.0,
+   "manufacturer_s": 948.0368792588029,
+   "model_s": 924.0,
+   "model_over_manufacturer": 0.9746456284721798
+  },
+  "curve1_empty_Tj_mode_cooling": {
+   "trace": "Tj",
+   "from_c": 180.0,
+   "to_c": 60.0,
+   "manufacturer_s": 216.4808621929551,
+   "model_s": 234.0,
+   "model_over_manufacturer": 1.0809269587601218
+  },
+  "curve2_1L_water_Tr_mode_heating": {
+   "trace": "Tr",
+   "from_c": 40.0,
+   "to_c": 90.0,
+   "manufacturer_s": 559.1747968911573,
+   "model_s": 604.0,
+   "model_over_manufacturer": 1.0801631320976148
+  },
+  "curve2_1L_water_Tr_mode_cooling": {
+   "trace": "Tr",
+   "from_c": 90.0,
+   "to_c": 40.0,
+   "manufacturer_s": 816.3952034610902,
+   "model_s": 882.0,
+   "model_over_manufacturer": 1.0803591156106498
+  },
+  "curve3_2L_water_Tr_mode_heating": {
+   "trace": "Tr",
+   "from_c": 40.0,
+   "to_c": 90.0,
+   "manufacturer_s": 726.0286421380833,
+   "model_s": 706.0,
+   "model_over_manufacturer": 0.972413426997727
+  },
+  "curve3_2L_water_Tr_mode_cooling": {
+   "trace": "Tr",
+   "from_c": 90.0,
+   "to_c": 40.0,
+   "manufacturer_s": 1195.1548416734604,
+   "model_s": 1042.0,
+   "model_over_manufacturer": 0.8718535571014276
+  },
+  "curve4_1L_glycerol_Tr_mode_emergency_A_heating": {
+   "trace": "Tr",
+   "from_c": 40.0,
+   "to_c": 180.0,
+   "manufacturer_s": 1573.8879468579944,
+   "model_s": 1612.0,
+   "model_over_manufacturer": 1.0242152265147528
+  },
+  "curve4_1L_glycerol_Tr_mode_emergency_A_cooling": {
+   "trace": "Tr",
+   "from_c": 180.0,
+   "to_c": 60.0,
+   "manufacturer_s": 768.2960119733343,
+   "model_s": 734.0,
+   "model_over_manufacturer": 0.9553609397434636
+  }
+ },
+ "limitations_zh": [
+  "拟合对象是前代RC1e与AP01-2的厂家“典型曲线”（仅作示意），RC1mx厂家未给同类曲线；拟合常数是集总工程值，不是部件实测。",
+  "室温22°C、Tj PI增益、壁+油膜导热phi与冷回路室温得热为固定工程值；曲线的设定值切换时刻由数字化曲线读出。",
+  "甘油曲线的U_GLY只用于该曲线（黏度随温度大幅变化，本模型的液膜系数不含温度依赖）。"
+ ]
+}
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/interface_definition.py b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/interface_definition.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56b4f5e9dc91b6321493d882f9823f30d6163ebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/interface_definition.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""CHEM-148 NETZSCH MMC 315 Nexus + ARC module: single source of the interface numbers shared by geometry, runtime tests,
+Matterix metadata and the scene (SI, +Z up, +Y back, origin at the footprint centre, floor Z=0).
+
+No manufacturer body dimensions or masses are public (workbook: "未取得本体外形或质量"): every dimension below is an
+engineering value read from the proportions of the two manufacturer photographs (2026 overview p.24 MMC 315 Nexus; MMC 274
+Nexus brochure p.2), except the sample container: its 10.028 g mass is the titanium sphere of the manufacturer's DTBP example and its inner
+volume is assumed at the documented 8.5 ml maximum (the example gives no volume)."""
+import math
+
+SLUG = 'netzsch_mmc315'
+FOOT_H = 0.022
+# ---- base unit (white): left curved electronics housing + right module bay plinth + rear docking tower
+HOUSING_X = (-0.310, -0.040)
+BODY_Y = (-0.280, 0.300)
+HOUSING_FRONT_H = 0.240          # vertical front face height before the curved top
+HOUSING_TOP_Z = 0.480
+HOUSING_ARC_R = 0.240
+PLINTH_X = (-0.040, 0.310)
+PLINTH_TOP_Z = 0.110
+DOCK_Y = (0.200, 0.300)
+DOCK_TOP_Z = 0.300
+# ---- pull-out slide tray carrying the module
+TRAY_X = (0.000, 0.280)
+TRAY_Y = (-0.250, 0.170)
+TRAY_Z = (0.122, 0.132)          # plate; telescopic rails below it 0.110-0.122
+TRAY_TRAVEL_M = 0.250            # prismatic -Y (towards the operator)
+HANDLE_Y = -0.268
+# ---- ARC module (child of the tray) in tray-plate coordinates (origin = tray plate top centre)
+TRAY_TOP_CENTER = ((TRAY_X[0] + TRAY_X[1]) / 2, (TRAY_Y[0] + TRAY_Y[1]) / 2 - 0.010, TRAY_Z[1])
+MODULE_R = 0.110
+MODULE_BODY_Z = (0.050, 0.350)   # above the tray plate
+RING_Z = 0.300
+LID_H = 0.050
+LID_HINGE = (0.0, MODULE_R - 0.004, MODULE_BODY_Z[1])   # rear top edge, axis -X (front edge lifts)
+LID_OPEN_RAD = 1.90
+CAVITY_R = 0.050
+CAVITY_DEPTH = 0.120
+# ---- sample container: titanium sphere, 10.028 g documented, 8.5 ml assumed (documented maximum); outer radius derived (Ti 4.51 g/cm3)
+CONTAINER_VOLUME_M3 = 8.5e-6
+CONTAINER_MASS_KG = 10.028e-3
+TI_DENSITY = 4510.0
+R_INNER = (3 * CONTAINER_VOLUME_M3 / (4 * math.pi)) ** (1 / 3)
+R_OUTER = (R_INNER ** 3 + 3 * CONTAINER_MASS_KG / TI_DENSITY / (4 * math.pi)) ** (1 / 3)
+BOMB_CENTER_Z = MODULE_BODY_Z[1] - 0.060      # sphere centre below the lid plane, in module coordinates
+# ---- controls and readouts (status panel on the housing front)
+STATUS_PANEL = dict(center_x=-0.175, z=(0.080, 0.230), width=0.120)
+POWER_SWITCH = (-0.250, 0.300, 0.090)         # rear panel rocker (x, y, z)
+POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD = 0.30
+READOUT_NOTE_ZH = ('MMC 315 Nexus主机正面只有状态指示区，测量由Proteus软件完成；状态面板上的两行七段读数（样品温度°C、压力bar）是本资产的仿真叠加显示，'
+                   '不是原厂界面；两个状态灯=通电、测试进行中（工程灯语）。')
+LED_BG = (0.012, 0.02, 0.03)
+READOUTS = [dict(name='sample_temperature_sim', part='temperature_digits', face='-Y', digits=5, decimals=1, unit='C', on=(0.98, 0.55, 0.12), off=LED_BG,
+                 blank_channel=None, source={'bridge': ['sample.indicated_k'], 'offset': -273.15}),
+            dict(name='pressure_sim', part='pressure_digits', face='-Y', digits=5, decimals=2, unit='bar', on=(0.98, 0.55, 0.12), off=LED_BG,
+                 blank_channel=None, source={'bridge': ['pressure.indicated_pa'], 'scale': 1e-5})]
+LAMPS = [dict(name='power_status', part='lamp_power', face='-Y', digits=0, decimals=0, unit='1', on=(0.20, 0.95, 0.25), off=(0.02, 0.05, 0.03),
+              source={'lamp': {'bridge': 'power.enabled'}}),
+         dict(name='run_status', part='lamp_run', face='-Y', digits=0, decimals=0, unit='1', on=(0.25, 0.55, 1.00), off=(0.02, 0.03, 0.06),
+              source={'lamp': {'bridge': 'test.running'}})]
+# (part, state_id, capability, blender attribute, unit, upper) : process-authoritative mirrors
+MOTION = [('tray', 'tray.position_m', 'tray.move', 'location', 'm', TRAY_TRAVEL_M),
+          ('lid', 'lid.angle_rad', 'lid.set', 'rotation', 'rad', LID_OPEN_RAD),
+          ('power_switch', 'power.angle_rad', 'power.set', 'rotation', 'rad', POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD)]
+PASSIVE_JOINTS = []
+KEYS = []
+KEY_COMMANDS = {}
+_MX, _MY, _MZ = TRAY_TOP_CENTER
+PORTS = [('bomb_seat', 'sample_container', 'mechanical', 'bidirectional'), ('tray_handle', 'tray_handle', 'mechanical', 'bidirectional'),
+         ('lid_grip', 'lid', 'mechanical', 'bidirectional'), ('pressure_feedthrough', 'pressure_line', 'gas', 'out'), ('thermocouple_clip', 'sample_thermocouple', 'electrical', 'out'),
+         ('module_dock', 'dock_socket', 'electrical', 'bidirectional'), ('line_power', 'power_entry', 'electrical', 'in'), ('usb', 'usb_port', 'data', 'bidirectional'),
+         ('ethernet', 'ethernet_port', 'data', 'bidirectional'), ('cooling_air', 'cooling_fan', 'gas', 'out')]
+PORT_MEANING = {
+    'bomb_seat': '量热腔内样品容器位（顶盖打开后放入/取出装样钛球并接取压管与热电偶）', 'tray_handle': '托盘前把手（拉出/推回模块托盘）',
+    'lid_grip': '模块顶盖前缘把手（开/合量热腔）', 'pressure_feedthrough': '取压管后侧穿舱接头（样品容器→压力传感器）', 'thermocouple_clip': '样品热电偶在钛球赤道的夹持点',
+    'module_dock': '对接塔插座（加热器、热电偶、压力信号）', 'line_power': '电源输入（额定值厂家未公开）', 'usb': 'USB（连接Proteus电脑；接口类型为工程假设）',
+    'ethernet': '以太网（工程假设）', 'cooling_air': '冷却风扇排风口（冷却阶段）'}
+_NOTE = '接口位置由本资产照片比例几何推得（工程估计）；捕获半径为工程几何，真实接头规格/pinout/机器人接触未验证。'
+PORT_GEOMETRY = {
+    'bomb_seat': dict(pos=[_MX, _MY, _MZ + BOMB_CENTER_Z + R_OUTER], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=R_OUTER, capture=0.02, access=['lid_joint']),
+    'tray_handle': dict(pos=[_MX, HANDLE_Y - 0.006, TRAY_Z[1] + 0.018], insert_axis=[0, -1, 0], radius=0.006, capture=0.03, access=[]),
+    'lid_grip': dict(pos=[_MX, _MY + LID_HINGE[1] - LID_HINGE[1] - MODULE_R + 0.020, _MZ + MODULE_BODY_Z[1] + LID_H + 0.018], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=0.012, capture=0.03,
+                     access=[]),
+    'pressure_feedthrough': dict(pos=[_MX, _MY + MODULE_R + 0.010, _MZ + MODULE_BODY_Z[1] - 0.006], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.004, capture=0.01, access=[]),
+    'thermocouple_clip': dict(pos=[_MX + R_OUTER, _MY, _MZ + BOMB_CENTER_Z], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=0.0008, capture=0.005, access=['lid_joint']),
+    'module_dock': dict(pos=[0.20, DOCK_Y[0] - 0.020, PLINTH_TOP_Z + 0.060], insert_axis=[0, -1, 0], radius=0.02, capture=0.02, access=[]),
+    'line_power': dict(pos=[-0.270, BODY_Y[1] + 0.012, 0.090], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.012, capture=0.015, access=[]),
+    'usb': dict(pos=[-0.150, BODY_Y[1] + 0.008, 0.090], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.006, capture=0.01, access=[]),
+    'ethernet': dict(pos=[-0.110, BODY_Y[1] + 0.008, 0.090], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.007, capture=0.01, access=[]),
+    'cooling_air': dict(pos=[-0.175, BODY_Y[1] + 0.012, 0.340], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.040, capture=0.04, access=[]),
+}
+for _v in PORT_GEOMETRY.values():
+    _v.update(position_evidence='geometry_derived_simulation_assumption', capture_evidence='simulation_assumption', note=_NOTE)
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/template_validation.json b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/template_validation.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6ded380de6fbb13b11f8343b8e78875de7c5956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/template_validation.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3201 @@
+{
+ "catalog_id": "CHEM-148",
+ "status": "passed",
+ "checked_at": "2026-09-24T22:01:07.419189+00:00",
+ "library_sha256": "656294b299473c6192d21d94e2c61129e6299439aed71f856a0aac930e0e1783",
+ "distinct_substances": 51,
+ "max_half_life_deviation_K": 1.062,
+ "method": "re-extract each cited pdftotext line from the hashed cache and match printed A, Ea and half-life temperatures; verbatim DTBP ARC values; PubChem/NIST rows",
+ "checks": [
+  {
+   "id": "sha256_SICA_en_web.pdf",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "sha256_MMC_274_Nexus_en_web.pdf",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "sha256_nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "sha256_nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-acrylics-manufacturing-en_us.pdf",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "sha256_nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "sha256_arkema_luperox_brochure.pdf",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "sha256_acc_safety_handling_organic_peroxides.pdf",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "sha256_nist_toluene_phase.html",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "sha256_pubchem_cas_verification.json",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
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+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_diisobutyryl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_diisobutyryl_peroxide",
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+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_diisobutyryl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 521,
+    "text": "Diisobutyryl peroxide [3437-84-1]                                                                           174.2                          9.18                                                         ",
+    "A": "3.37E+14",
+    "Ea": 109.06,
+    "temps_C": [
+     57,
+     39,
+     23
+    ]
+   }
+  },
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+   "detail": {
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+   }
+  },
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+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.22
+  },
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+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_diisobutyryl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
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+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
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+   "status": "passed",
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+  },
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+  },
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+   "id": "cas_format_cumyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_cumyl_peroxyneodecanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 531,
+    "text": "Cumyl peroxyneodecanoate [26748-47-0]                                                                       306.4                          5.22                                                         ",
+    "A": "3.12E+14",
+    "Ea": 114.59,
+    "temps_C": [
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+     38
+    ]
+   }
+  },
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+   "status": "passed",
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+    "cas": "26748-47-0"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_cumyl_peroxyneodecanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.453
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_cumyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
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+  {
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+   "status": "passed",
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+  },
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+   "id": "unique_id_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
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+   "id": "unique_cas_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
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+  },
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+   "status": "passed",
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+  },
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+   "id": "line_values_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxyneodecanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 540,
+    "text": "1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxyneodecanoate [51240-95-0]                                                    300.5                          5.32                                                         ",
+    "A": "3.98E+14",
+    "Ea": 115.79,
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+     76,
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+     40
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxyneodecanoate_0",
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+    "cas": "51240-95-0"
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+  },
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+   "status": "passed",
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tamyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tamyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tamyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
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+   "id": "line_values_tamyl_peroxyneodecanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 549,
+    "text": "tert-Amyl peroxyneodecanoate [68299-16-1]                                                                   258.4                          6.19                                                         ",
+    "A": "1.47E+14",
+    "Ea": 114.38,
+    "temps_C": [
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+     43
+    ]
+   }
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+   }
+  },
+  {
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+  },
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+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tamyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
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+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tamyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
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+   "id": "unique_id_di_sec_butyl_peroxydicarbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
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+  },
+  {
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+  },
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_di_sec_butyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
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+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 558,
+    "text": "Di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate [19910-65-7]                                                                 234.2                          6.83                                                         ",
+    "A": "3.19E+15",
+    "Ea": 123.85,
+    "temps_C": [
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+     47
+    ]
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+   }
+  },
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+  },
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+  },
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+   "id": "unique_id_diisopropyl_peroxydicarbonate",
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+  },
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+  },
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_diisopropyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
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+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-acrylics-manufacturing-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 442,
+    "text": "Diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate [105-64-6]                                                                               206.2                      7.76                                                  ",
+    "A": "3.35E+15",
+    "Ea": 124.01,
+    "temps_C": [
+     82,
+     64,
+     47
+    ]
+   }
+  },
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+   }
+  },
+  {
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+  },
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+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_diisopropyl_peroxydicarbonate",
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+   "detail": null
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+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_diisopropyl_peroxydicarbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
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+  },
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+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
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+  },
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+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 601,
+    "text": "tert-Butyl peroxyneodecanoate [26748-41-4]                                                                  244.4                          6.55                                                         ",
+    "A": "1.52E+14",
+    "Ea": 115.47,
+    "temps_C": [
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+     46
+    ]
+   }
+  },
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+   }
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+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_peroxyneodecanoate_0",
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+  },
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+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutyl_peroxyneodecanoate",
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+  },
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+  },
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+   "id": "cas_format_di_2_ethylhexyl_peroxydicarbonate",
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+  },
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+    "line": 591,
+    "text": "Di(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate [16111-62-9]                                                             346.5                          4.62                                                         ",
+    "A": "1.83E+15",
+    "Ea": 122.45,
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+     47
+    ]
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_di_2_ethylhexyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
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+   }
+  },
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+   "id": "half_life_consistency_di_2_ethylhexyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
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+  },
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+    "line": 449,
+    "text": "Di(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate [16111-62-9]]                                                                       346.5                      4.62                                                  ",
+    "A": "1.52E+14",
+    "Ea": 115.47,
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+     46
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_di_2_ethylhexyl_peroxydicarbonate_1",
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+   }
+  },
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+   "id": "half_life_consistency_di_2_ethylhexyl_peroxydicarbonate_1",
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_di_2_ethylhexyl_peroxydicarbonate",
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+  },
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+   "id": "line_values_di_4_tbutylcyclohexyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
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+    "line": 567,
+    "text": "Di(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate [15520-11-3]                                                   398.5                          4.01                                                         ",
+    "A": "7.44E+15",
+    "Ea": 126.39,
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+     64,
+     48
+    ]
+   }
+  },
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+   "id": "name_block_di_4_tbutylcyclohexyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
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+   }
+  },
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+   "id": "half_life_consistency_di_4_tbutylcyclohexyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
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+   "detail": 0.491
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_di_4_tbutylcyclohexyl_peroxydicarbonate",
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+   "detail": null
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+   "id": "no_invented_heat_di_4_tbutylcyclohexyl_peroxydicarbonate",
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+   "id": "unique_id_dimyristyl_peroxydicarbonate",
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+  },
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+   "id": "unique_cas_dimyristyl_peroxydicarbonate",
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+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_dimyristyl_peroxydicarbonate",
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+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_dimyristyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
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+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 619,
+    "text": "Dimyristyl peroxydicarbonate [53220-22-7]                                                                   514.8                          3.11                                                         ",
+    "A": "2.82E+15",
+    "Ea": 124.1,
+    "temps_C": [
+     84,
+     65,
+     48
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_dimyristyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
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+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_dimyristyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.491
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_dimyristyl_peroxydicarbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_dimyristyl_peroxydicarbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_dicetyl_peroxydicarbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_dicetyl_peroxydicarbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_dicetyl_peroxydicarbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_dicetyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 609,
+    "text": "Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate [26322-14-5]                                                                      570.9                          2.80                                                         ",
+    "A": "3.02E+15",
+    "Ea": 124.3,
+    "temps_C": [
+     84,
+     65,
+     48
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_dicetyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "26322-14-5"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_dicetyl_peroxydicarbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.491
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_dicetyl_peroxydicarbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_dicetyl_peroxydicarbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxypivalate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 629,
+    "text": "1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxypivalate [22288-41-1]                                                        230.3                          6.95                                                         ",
+    "A": "2.47E+14",
+    "Ea": 117.5,
+    "temps_C": [
+     86,
+     66,
+     48
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxypivalate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "22288-41-1"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxypivalate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.491
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
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+   "id": "no_invented_heat_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxypivalate",
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+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_di_2_4_dichlorobenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_di_2_4_dichlorobenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_di_2_4_dichlorobenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_di_2_4_dichlorobenzoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 831,
+    "text": "PERKADOX PD      Di(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide                           VMQ          89          68           49       112.4       3.21E+13",
+    "A": "3.21E+13",
+    "Ea": 112.4,
+    "temps_C": [
+     89,
+     68,
+     49
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_di_2_4_dichlorobenzoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "133-14-2"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_di_2_4_dichlorobenzoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.491
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_di_2_4_dichlorobenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_di_2_4_dichlorobenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tamyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tamyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tamyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tamyl_peroxypivalate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 638,
+    "text": "tert-Amyl peroxypivalate [29240-17-3]                                                                       188.3                          8.50                                                         ",
+    "A": "4.12E+15",
+    "Ea": 127.76,
+    "temps_C": [
+     91,
+     72,
+     55
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tamyl_peroxypivalate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "29240-17-3"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tamyl_peroxypivalate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.491
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tamyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tamyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutyl_peroxypivalate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 662,
+    "text": "tert-Butyl peroxypivalate [927-07-1]                                                                                    174.2                          9.18                                             ",
+    "A": "7.09E+14",
+    "Ea": 123.59,
+    "temps_C": [
+     94,
+     75,
+     57
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutyl_peroxypivalate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "927-07-1"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_peroxypivalate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.491
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutyl_peroxypivalate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_di_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_di_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_di_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_di_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 672,
+    "text": "Di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide [3851-87-4]                                                                        314.5                          5.09                                             ",
+    "A": "2.84E+15",
+    "Ea": 128.34,
+    "temps_C": [
+     96,
+     77,
+     59
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_di_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "3851-87-4"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_di_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.491
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_di_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_di_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_dilauroyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_dilauroyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_dilauroyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_dilauroyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 684,
+    "text": "Dilauroyl peroxide [105-74-8]                                                                                           398.6                          4.01                                             ",
+    "A": "3.92E+14",
+    "Ea": 123.37,
+    "temps_C": [
+     99,
+     79,
+     61
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_dilauroyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "105-74-8"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_dilauroyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.491
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_dilauroyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_dilauroyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_2_2_azodi_isobutyronitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_2_2_azodi_isobutyronitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_2_2_azodi_isobutyronitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_2_2_azodi_isobutyronitrile_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 693,
+    "text": "2,2’-Azodi(isobutyronitrile) [78-67-1]                                                                                  164.2                                                                           ",
+    "A": "2.89E+15",
+    "Ea": 130.23,
+    "temps_C": [
+     101,
+     82,
+     64
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_2_2_azodi_isobutyronitrile_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "78-67-1"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_2_2_azodi_isobutyronitrile_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.491
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_2_2_azodi_isobutyronitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_2_2_azodi_isobutyronitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_di_4_methylbenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_di_4_methylbenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_di_4_methylbenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_di_4_methylbenzoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 829,
+    "text": "PERKADOX PM      Di(4-methylbenzoyl) peroxide                               VMQ         106          84           64       115.6       1.69E+13",
+    "A": "1.69E+13",
+    "Ea": 115.6,
+    "temps_C": [
+     106,
+     84,
+     64
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_di_4_methylbenzoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "895-85-2"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_di_4_methylbenzoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_di_4_methylbenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_di_4_methylbenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_2_2_azodi_2_methylbutyronitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_2_2_azodi_2_methylbutyronitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_2_2_azodi_2_methylbutyronitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_2_2_azodi_2_methylbutyronitrile_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 702,
+    "text": "2,2’-Azodi(2-methylbutyronitrile) [13472-08-7]                                                                          192.3                                                                           ",
+    "A": "1.38E+15",
+    "Ea": 128.93,
+    "temps_C": [
+     104,
+     84,
+     66
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_2_2_azodi_2_methylbutyronitrile_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "13472-08-7"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_2_2_azodi_2_methylbutyronitrile_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_2_2_azodi_2_methylbutyronitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_2_2_azodi_2_methylbutyronitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_2_ethylhexanoylperoxy_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_2_ethylhexanoylperoxy_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_2_ethylhexanoylperoxy_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_2_ethylhexanoylperoxy_hexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 711,
+    "text": "2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane [13052-09-0]                                                           430.6                          7.43                                             ",
+    "A": "2.19E+15",
+    "Ea": 130.88,
+    "temps_C": [
+     105,
+     86,
+     68
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_2_ethylhexanoylperoxy_hexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "13052-09-0"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_2_ethylhexanoylperoxy_hexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_2_ethylhexanoylperoxy_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_2_ethylhexanoylperoxy_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 742,
+    "text": "1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate [22288-43-3]                              272.4                          5.87                                                               109     88 ",
+    "A": "1.62E+14",
+    "Ea": 123.8,
+    "temps_C": [
+     109,
+     88,
+     69
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "22288-43-3"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_1_1_3_3_tetramethylbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tamyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tamyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tamyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tamyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 752,
+    "text": "tert-Amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate [686-31-7]                                               230.3                          6.95                                                               111     91 ",
+    "A": "1.77E+15",
+    "Ea": 132.11,
+    "temps_C": [
+     111,
+     91,
+     73
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tamyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "686-31-7"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tamyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tamyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tamyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_dibenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_dibenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_dibenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_dibenzoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 762,
+    "text": "Dibenzoyl peroxide [94-36-0]                                                               242.2                          6.61                                                               113     91 ",
+    "A": "6.94E+13",
+    "Ea": 122.35,
+    "temps_C": [
+     113,
+     91,
+     71
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_dibenzoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "94-36-0"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_dibenzoyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_dibenzoyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 830,
+    "text": "PERKADOX L       Dibenzoyl peroxide                                         VMQ         106          83           63       112.5       5.97E+12",
+    "A": "5.97E+12",
+    "Ea": 112.5,
+    "temps_C": [
+     106,
+     83,
+     63
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_dibenzoyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "94-36-0"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_dibenzoyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_dibenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_dibenzoyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 772,
+    "text": "tert-Butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate [3006-82-4]                                             216.3                          7.40                                                               113     91 ",
+    "A": "1.54E+14",
+    "Ea": 124.9,
+    "temps_C": [
+     113,
+     91,
+     72
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "3006-82-4"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutyl_peroxy_2_ethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutyl_peroxydiethylacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutyl_peroxydiethylacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutyl_peroxydiethylacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutyl_peroxydiethylacetate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-acrylics-manufacturing-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 556,
+    "text": "tert-Butyl peroxydiethylacetate [2550-33-6]                                                188.3                      8.50                                                             113     93       ",
+    "A": "2.45E+15",
+    "Ea": 134.0,
+    "temps_C": [
+     113,
+     93,
+     75
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutyl_peroxydiethylacetate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "2550-33-6"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_peroxydiethylacetate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutyl_peroxydiethylacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutyl_peroxydiethylacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutyl_peroxyisobutyrate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutyl_peroxyisobutyrate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutyl_peroxyisobutyrate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutyl_peroxyisobutyrate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 782,
+    "text": "tert-Butyl peroxyisobutyrate [109-13-7]                                                    160.2                          9.99                                                               118     98 ",
+    "A": "2.07E+15",
+    "Ea": 135.16,
+    "temps_C": [
+     118,
+     98,
+     79
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutyl_peroxyisobutyrate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "109-13-7"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_peroxyisobutyrate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutyl_peroxyisobutyrate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutyl_peroxyisobutyrate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 806,
+    "text": "1,1’-Azodi(hexahydrobenzonitrile) [2094-98-6]                                                             244.3                                                                                         ",
+    "A": "1.10E+16",
+    "Ea": 142.19,
+    "temps_C": [
+     123,
+     103,
+     85
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "2094-98-6"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.774
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-acrylics-manufacturing-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 579,
+    "text": "1,1’-Azodi(hexahydrobenzonitrile) [2094-98-6]                                                                  244.3                                                                                    ",
+    "A": "1.10E+16",
+    "Ea": 142.0,
+    "temps_C": [
+     123,
+     103,
+     85
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "2094-98-6"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_1_1_azodi_hexahydrobenzonitrile",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 825,
+    "text": "1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane [6731-36-8]                                           302.5                          10.58                                                          ",
+    "A": "7.59E+13",
+    "Ea": 127.52,
+    "temps_C": [
+     128,
+     105,
+     85
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "6731-36-8"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 827,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX 29      1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane       EPDM         135          111          89       124.5       1.69E+13",
+    "A": "1.69E+13",
+    "Ea": 124.5,
+    "temps_C": [
+     135,
+     111,
+     89
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "6731-36-8"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_3_3_5_trimethylcyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_1_1_di_tamylperoxy_cyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_1_1_di_tamylperoxy_cyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_1_1_di_tamylperoxy_cyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_1_1_di_tamylperoxy_cyclohexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 814,
+    "text": "1,1-Di(tert-amylperoxy)cyclohexane [15667-10-4]                                                           288.4                          11.09                                                          ",
+    "A": "3.29E+15",
+    "Ea": 139.46,
+    "temps_C": [
+     126,
+     106,
+     87
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_1_1_di_tamylperoxy_cyclohexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "15667-10-4"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_1_1_di_tamylperoxy_cyclohexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_1_1_di_tamylperoxy_cyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_1_1_di_tamylperoxy_cyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_cyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_cyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_cyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_cyclohexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 839,
+    "text": "1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane [3006-86-8]                                                           260.4                          12.29                                                          ",
+    "A": "3.47E+15",
+    "Ea": 142.4,
+    "temps_C": [
+     134,
+     113,
+     94
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_cyclohexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "3006-86-8"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_cyclohexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_cyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_1_1_di_tbutylperoxy_cyclohexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 850,
+    "text": "tert-Amylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate [70833-40-8]                                                       260.4                          6.14                                                           ",
+    "A": "2.22E+16",
+    "Ea": 148.41,
+    "temps_C": [
+     134,
+     113,
+     95
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "70833-40-8"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 828,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX 131     tert-amylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate                     EVA         129          103          80        112.1      7.29E+11",
+    "A": "7.29E+11",
+    "Ea": 112.1,
+    "temps_C": [
+     129,
+     103,
+     80
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "70833-40-8"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tamylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutyl_peroxy_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutyl_peroxy_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutyl_peroxy_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutyl_peroxy_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 860,
+    "text": "tert-Butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate [13122-18-4]                                                   230.3                          6.95                                                           ",
+    "A": "1.94E+15",
+    "Ea": 140.78,
+    "temps_C": [
+     135,
+     114,
+     94
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutyl_peroxy_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "13122-18-4"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_peroxy_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutyl_peroxy_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutyl_peroxy_3_5_5_trimethylhexanoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tamyl_peroxyacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tamyl_peroxyacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tamyl_peroxyacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tamyl_peroxyacetate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-acrylics-manufacturing-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 634,
+    "text": "tert-Amyl peroxyacetate [690-83-5]                                                                             146.2                      10.94                                                         ",
+    "A": "6.59E+16",
+    "Ea": 152.16,
+    "temps_C": [
+     134,
+     114,
+     96
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tamyl_peroxyacetate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "690-83-5"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tamyl_peroxyacetate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tamyl_peroxyacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tamyl_peroxyacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_2_2_di_tbutylperoxy_butane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_2_2_di_tbutylperoxy_butane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_2_2_di_tbutylperoxy_butane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_2_2_di_tbutylperoxy_butane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 884,
+    "text": "2,2-Di(tert-butylperoxy)butane [2167-23-9]                                                      234.3                          13.66                                                              136   ",
+    "A": "9.30E+16",
+    "Ea": 154.08,
+    "temps_C": [
+     136,
+     116,
+     98
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_2_2_di_tbutylperoxy_butane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "2167-23-9"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_2_2_di_tbutylperoxy_butane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_2_2_di_tbutylperoxy_butane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_2_2_di_tbutylperoxy_butane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 904,
+    "text": "tert-Butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate [34443-12-4]                                            246.3                          6.49                                                               137   ",
+    "A": "4.07E+16",
+    "Ea": 151.72,
+    "temps_C": [
+     137,
+     117,
+     98
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "34443-12-4"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 826,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX 117     tert-Butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate                    EVA         139          114          92       124.0       1.04E+13",
+    "A": "1.04E+13",
+    "Ea": 124.0,
+    "temps_C": [
+     139,
+     114,
+     92
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "34443-12-4"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutylperoxy_2_ethylhexyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutylperoxy_isopropyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutylperoxy_isopropyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutylperoxy_isopropyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutylperoxy_isopropyl_carbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 894,
+    "text": "tert-Butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate [2372-21-6]                                                176.2                          9.08                                                               137   ",
+    "A": "2.49E+16",
+    "Ea": 150.15,
+    "temps_C": [
+     137,
+     117,
+     98
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutylperoxy_isopropyl_carbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "2372-21-6"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutylperoxy_isopropyl_carbonate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutylperoxy_isopropyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutylperoxy_isopropyl_carbonate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tamyl_peroxybenzoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tamyl_peroxybenzoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tamyl_peroxybenzoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tamyl_peroxybenzoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 914,
+    "text": "tert-Amyl peroxybenzoate [4511-39-1]                                                            208.3                          7.68                                                               139   ",
+    "A": "8.38E+15",
+    "Ea": 147.02,
+    "temps_C": [
+     139,
+     118,
+     99
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tamyl_peroxybenzoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "4511-39-1"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tamyl_peroxybenzoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tamyl_peroxybenzoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tamyl_peroxybenzoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutyl_peroxyacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutyl_peroxyacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutyl_peroxyacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutyl_peroxyacetate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 924,
+    "text": "tert-Butyl peroxyacetate [107-71-1]                                                             132.2                          12.11                                                              139   ",
+    "A": "1.57E+16",
+    "Ea": 149.36,
+    "temps_C": [
+     139,
+     119,
+     100
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutyl_peroxyacetate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "107-71-1"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_peroxyacetate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutyl_peroxyacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutyl_peroxyacetate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutyl_peroxybenzoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutyl_peroxybenzoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutyl_peroxybenzoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutyl_peroxybenzoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 934,
+    "text": "tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate [614-45-9]                                                            194.2                          8.24                                                               142   ",
+    "A": "2.23E+16",
+    "Ea": 151.59,
+    "temps_C": [
+     142,
+     122,
+     103
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutyl_peroxybenzoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "614-45-9"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_peroxybenzoate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutyl_peroxybenzoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutyl_peroxybenzoate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_butyl_4_4_di_tbutylperoxy_valerate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_butyl_4_4_di_tbutylperoxy_valerate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_butyl_4_4_di_tbutylperoxy_valerate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_butyl_4_4_di_tbutylperoxy_valerate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 825,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX 17      Butyl 4,4-di(tert-butylperoxy)valerate                    EPDM         149          125          103      134.2       8.23E+13",
+    "A": "8.23E+13",
+    "Ea": 134.2,
+    "temps_C": [
+     149,
+     125,
+     103
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_butyl_4_4_di_tbutylperoxy_valerate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "995-33-5"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_butyl_4_4_di_tbutylperoxy_valerate_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_butyl_4_4_di_tbutylperoxy_valerate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_butyl_4_4_di_tbutylperoxy_valerate",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_dicumyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_dicumyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_dicumyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_dicumyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 958,
+    "text": "Dicumyl peroxide [80-43-3]                                                                  270.4                          5.92                                                               154     13",
+    "A": "9.24E+15",
+    "Ea": 152.67,
+    "temps_C": [
+     154,
+     132,
+     112
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_dicumyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "80-43-3"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_dicumyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_dicumyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 824,
+    "text": "PERKADOX BC      Dicumyl peroxide                                          EPDM         158          134          112      137.8       9.77E+13",
+    "A": "9.77E+13",
+    "Ea": 137.8,
+    "temps_C": [
+     158,
+     134,
+     112
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_dicumyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "80-43-3"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_dicumyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_dicumyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_dicumyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 968,
+    "text": "Di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene [25155-25-3]                                           338.5                          9.45                                                               156     13",
+    "A": "7.65E+15",
+    "Ea": 152.69,
+    "temps_C": [
+     156,
+     134,
+     114
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "25155-25-3"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 823,
+    "text": "PERKADOX 14      Di-tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene                      EPDM         164          140          118      143.5       2.68E+14",
+    "A": "2.68E+14",
+    "Ea": 143.5,
+    "temps_C": [
+     164,
+     140,
+     118
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "25155-25-3"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_di_tbutylperoxyisopropyl_benzene",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 978,
+    "text": "2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane [78-63-7]                                       290.4                          11.02                                                              156     13",
+    "A": "1.68E+16",
+    "Ea": 155.49,
+    "temps_C": [
+     156,
+     134,
+     115
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "78-63-7"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 820,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX 101     2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane               EPDM         166          143          121      147.4       6.41E+14",
+    "A": "6.41E+14",
+    "Ea": 147.4,
+    "temps_C": [
+     166,
+     143,
+     121
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "78-63-7"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 821,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX T       tert-Butyl cumyl peroxide                                 EPDM         164          140          118      142.9       2.30E+14",
+    "A": "2.30E+14",
+    "Ea": 142.9,
+    "temps_C": [
+     164,
+     140,
+     118
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "3457-61-2"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 0.814
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 822,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX T       tert-Butyl cumyl peroxide                                 LDPE         172          146          123      138.9       3.55E+13",
+    "A": "3.55E+13",
+    "Ea": 138.9,
+    "temps_C": [
+     172,
+     146,
+     123
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "3457-61-2"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1.062
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutyl_cumyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_di_tbutyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_di_tbutyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_di_tbutyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_di_tbutyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 987,
+    "text": "Di-tert-butyl peroxide [110-05-4]                                                           146.2                          10.94                                                              164     14",
+    "A": "4.20E+15",
+    "Ea": 153.46,
+    "temps_C": [
+     164,
+     141,
+     121
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_di_tbutyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "110-05-4"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_di_tbutyl_peroxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1.062
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_di_tbutyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 819,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX B 3     Di-tert-butyl peroxide                                    HDPE         176          151          129      146.3       1.98E+14",
+    "A": "1.98E+14",
+    "Ea": 146.3,
+    "temps_C": [
+     176,
+     151,
+     129
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_di_tbutyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "110-05-4"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_di_tbutyl_peroxide_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1.062
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_di_tbutyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_di_tbutyl_peroxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 997,
+    "text": "3,6,9-Triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxonane [24748-23-0]                             264.3                          18.16                                                              170     14",
+    "A": "1.02E+15",
+    "Ea": 150.23,
+    "temps_C": [
+     170,
+     146,
+     125
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "24748-23-0"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1.062
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 817,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX 301     3,6,9-Triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxonane        HDPE         181          156          134      150.8       4.35E+14",
+    "A": "4.35E+14",
+    "Ea": 150.8,
+    "temps_C": [
+     181,
+     156,
+     134
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "24748-23-0"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane_1",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1.062
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_3_6_9_triethyl_3_6_9_trimethyl_1_4_7_triperoxonane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexyne_3",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexyne_3",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexyne_3",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexyne_3_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 818,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX 145     2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexyne-3             EPDM         177          152          130      148.7       3.49E+14",
+    "A": "3.49E+14",
+    "Ea": 148.7,
+    "temps_C": [
+     177,
+     152,
+     130
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexyne_3_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "1068-27-5"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexyne_3_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1.062
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexyne_3",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_2_5_dimethyl_2_5_di_tbutylperoxy_hexyne_3",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_cumyl_hydroperoxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_cumyl_hydroperoxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_cumyl_hydroperoxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_cumyl_hydroperoxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 1041,
+    "text": "Cumyl hydroperoxide [80-15-9]                                152.2                          10.51                                                                   195     166     140    1.15E+12   13",
+    "A": "1.15E+12",
+    "Ea": 132.56,
+    "temps_C": [
+     195,
+     166,
+     140
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_cumyl_hydroperoxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "80-15-9"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_cumyl_hydroperoxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1.062
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_cumyl_hydroperoxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_cumyl_hydroperoxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_3_3_5_7_7_pentamethyl_1_2_4_trioxepane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_3_3_5_7_7_pentamethyl_1_2_4_trioxepane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_3_3_5_7_7_pentamethyl_1_2_4_trioxepane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_3_3_5_7_7_pentamethyl_1_2_4_trioxepane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-crosslinking-peroxides-emeia-booklet-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 816,
+    "text": "TRIGONOX 311     3,3,5,7,7-Pentamethyl-1,2,4-trioxepane                    HDPE         213          184          158      144.6       6.58E+12",
+    "A": "6.58E+12",
+    "Ea": 144.6,
+    "temps_C": [
+     213,
+     184,
+     158
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_3_3_5_7_7_pentamethyl_1_2_4_trioxepane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "215877-64-8"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_3_3_5_7_7_pentamethyl_1_2_4_trioxepane_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1.062
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_3_3_5_7_7_pentamethyl_1_2_4_trioxepane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_3_3_5_7_7_pentamethyl_1_2_4_trioxepane",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_id_tbutyl_hydroperoxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "unique_cas_tbutyl_hydroperoxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cas_format_tbutyl_hydroperoxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "line_values_tbutyl_hydroperoxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "file": "nouryon_brochure-initiators-for-thermoplastics-en_us.pdf",
+    "line": 1050,
+    "text": "tert-Butyl hydroperoxide [75-91-2]                           90.1                           17.75                                                                   207     185     164    3.18E+17   18",
+    "A": "3.18E+17",
+    "Ea": 186.01,
+    "temps_C": [
+     207,
+     185,
+     164
+    ]
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "name_block_tbutyl_hydroperoxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": {
+    "cas": "75-91-2"
+   }
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "half_life_consistency_tbutyl_hydroperoxide_0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1.062
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "primary_kinetics_is_a_measurement_tbutyl_hydroperoxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "no_invented_heat_tbutyl_hydroperoxide",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "at_least_50_distinct_substances",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 51
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_5.74_g_of_20%_di-tert-butyl-pe",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_mass_10.028_g",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_exothermal_threshold",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_1.480",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_90.3_K",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_133.7_K",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_280.675_J/g",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_1611.075_J",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_15.152_log_(1/s)",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_151.039_kJ/mol",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_42.7_bar",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_text_At_110°C",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_phi_consistency",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": 1.4806201550387597
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "dtbp_total_heat_consistency",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "pubchem_cas_all_confirmed",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "antoine_273.13",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "antoine_303.0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "antoine_420.0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "antoine_308.52",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "antoine_273.0",
+   "status": "passed",
+   "detail": null
+  }
+ ],
+ "failed": []
+}
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_mflow/interface_definition.py b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_mflow/interface_definition.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f6e5a4cfe884460305410a2ff8d5d9c6a7a2fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_mflow/interface_definition.py
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+"""CHEM-146 Mflow 1128610 shared interface geometry (SI, +Z up, +Y rear, origin = bench footprint centre).
+
+Single source for build_geometry.py, build_blender.py, verify_geometry.py and the Matterix scripts.  The runtime
+(scripts/asset_runtime/zwick_mflow.py) keeps its own copies of the physical constants and the tests compare them.
+
+Manufacturer facts (PI 434 725, item 1128610 column): body 479 x 524 x 548 mm (W x D x H), 55 kg without test weights,
+7" capacitive touch display, displacement transducer and automatic extrudate cutter included, barrel 1128612 bore
+9.55 mm, die 312342 2.095 mm x 8 mm, piston 1128614 = 0.325 kg test load.  Every other number below is a photo /
+engineering estimate from the manufacturer photographs (evidence = photo_estimate or engineering_assumption).
+"""
+import math
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- envelope and barrel column
+ENVELOPE_M = (0.479, 0.524, 0.548)
+BARREL_XY = (-0.080, -0.125)                 # barrel / piston / die axis (photo estimate: ~65 % across the furnace cover)
+BARREL_BORE_DIAMETER_M = 0.00955             # 1128612, documented
+PISTON_HEAD_DIAMETER_M = 0.009474            # ISO 1133-1 piston head (engineering reference to the standard)
+PISTON_HEAD_LENGTH_M = 0.00635
+DIE_DIAMETER_M = 0.002095                    # 312342, documented
+DIE_LENGTH_M = 0.008                         # 312342, documented
+DIE_EXIT_Z = 0.228                           # die exit face (underside of the furnace die plate)
+DIE_TOP_Z = DIE_EXIT_Z + DIE_LENGTH_M        # 0.236: piston position 0 = piston bottom on the die top
+BARREL_LENGTH_M = 0.180
+BARREL_TOP_Z = DIE_TOP_Z + BARREL_LENGTH_M   # 0.416
+FURNACE_TOP_Z = 0.430
+PISTON_TRAVEL_M = BARREL_LENGTH_M            # joint 0 .. 0.180 (withdrawn = piston bottom at the barrel top)
+PISTON_SEAT_LOCAL_Z = 0.246                  # weight seat above the piston bottom
+WEIGHT_HEIGHT_M = 0.066                      # standard 2.16 kg load stage weight (1.835 kg on top of the 0.325 kg piston)
+PISTON_MASS_KG = 0.325                       # documented: piston alone = 0.325 kg test load
+STANDARD_WEIGHT_MASS_KG = 2.16 - 0.325       # documented load stage 2.16 kg minus the piston
+assert abs(DIE_TOP_Z + PISTON_SEAT_LOCAL_Z + WEIGHT_HEIGHT_M - ENVELOPE_M[2]) < 1e-12
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- displacement transducer (rotary arm on a collar)
+SENSOR_COLLAR_LOCAL_Z = 0.218                # top of the transducer collar on the piston stem
+SENSOR_COLLAR_THICKNESS_M = 0.004
+SENSOR_COLLAR_RADIUS_M = 0.016
+SENSOR_ROLLER_RADIUS_M = 0.003               # two rollers, spring-loaded upward against the collar underside
+SENSOR_ARM_LENGTH_M = 0.140
+SENSOR_PIVOT_XY = (BARREL_XY[0] - SENSOR_ARM_LENGTH_M / math.sqrt(2.0), BARREL_XY[1] + SENSOR_ARM_LENGTH_M / math.sqrt(2.0))
+SENSOR_ZERO_POSITION_M = 0.050               # arm horizontal when the piston bottom is 50 mm above the die (ISO start)
+SENSOR_PIVOT_Z = DIE_TOP_Z + SENSOR_ZERO_POSITION_M + SENSOR_COLLAR_LOCAL_Z - SENSOR_COLLAR_THICKNESS_M - SENSOR_ROLLER_RADIUS_M
+SENSOR_ARM_DIRECTION = (math.sqrt(0.5), -math.sqrt(0.5), 0.0)       # horizontal, pivot -> piston axis
+SENSOR_ARM_AXIS = (-math.sqrt(0.5), -math.sqrt(0.5), 0.0)           # = direction x Z, positive angle lifts the tip
+SENSOR_ELEVATION_MAX_RAD = 0.42              # upper stop of the arm (tip lifted)
+SENSOR_REFERENCE_ELEVATION_RAD = math.asin(-SENSOR_ZERO_POSITION_M / SENSOR_ARM_LENGTH_M)   # arm on the collar, piston on the die
+SENSOR_ARM_LIMITS_RAD = (0.0, SENSOR_ELEVATION_MAX_RAD - SENSOR_REFERENCE_ELEVATION_RAD)   # joint 0 = reference pose
+SENSOR_CONTACT_RANGE_M = (0.0, SENSOR_ZERO_POSITION_M + SENSOR_ARM_LENGTH_M * math.sin(SENSOR_ELEVATION_MAX_RAD))
+
+
+def sensor_arm_angle(piston_position_m):
+    """Joint angle of the transducer arm for a piston position (0 = reference pose, piston on the die).
+
+    The roller tops (on the arm centre line at 140 mm, radius 3 mm) press against the collar underside, so exactly
+    elevation = asin((position - 0.050) / 0.140).  Beyond the reach (~107 mm) the arm rests on its upper stop below the
+    collar and has no contact (the encoder then reports out of range).
+    """
+    s = (piston_position_m - SENSOR_ZERO_POSITION_M) / SENSOR_ARM_LENGTH_M
+    elevation = SENSOR_ELEVATION_MAX_RAD if s >= math.sin(SENSOR_ELEVATION_MAX_RAD) else math.asin(max(s, math.sin(SENSOR_REFERENCE_ELEVATION_RAD)))
+    return elevation - SENSOR_REFERENCE_ELEVATION_RAD
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- automatic extrudate cutter
+CUTTER_PIVOT_XY = (BARREL_XY[0] - 0.040, BARREL_XY[1])
+CUTTER_BLADE_Z = (0.2244, 0.2254)            # blade plane 2.6-3.6 mm below the die exit
+CUTTER_LIMITS_RAD = (0.0, math.pi)           # alternate half turns 0 -> pi -> 0; crossing pi/2 severs the strand
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- tilted 7" touch display and illuminated keys
+PANEL_TILT_RAD = math.radians(75.0)          # face tilted 15 deg back from vertical
+U = [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+V = [0.0, math.cos(PANEL_TILT_RAD), math.sin(PANEL_TILT_RAD)]
+N = [0.0, -math.sin(PANEL_TILT_RAD), math.cos(PANEL_TILT_RAD)]
+PANEL_BOTTOM = (0.1145, -0.2046, 0.240)      # centre of the lower face edge
+PANEL_HEIGHT_M = 0.1915
+PANEL_WIDTH_M = 0.225
+PANEL_CENTER = [PANEL_BOTTOM[0], PANEL_BOTTOM[1] + V[1] * PANEL_HEIGHT_M / 2, PANEL_BOTTOM[2] + V[2] * PANEL_HEIGHT_M / 2]
+
+
+def panel_point(u, v, n=0.0):
+    """Face-local (u right, v up the face, n outward) -> asset frame."""
+    return [PANEL_CENTER[i] + u * U[i] + v * V[i] + n * N[i] for i in range(3)]
+
+
+SCREEN_CENTER_UV = (0.0, 0.032)
+SCREEN_SIZE_M = (0.158, 0.094)
+BAND_CENTER_UV = (0.0, -0.034)
+KEY_ROW_V = -0.066
+KEYS = [('button_up', -0.080, 'up'), ('button_down', -0.054, 'down'), ('button_cycle', -0.014, 'cycle'),
+        ('button_start', 0.030, 'start'), ('button_stop', 0.058, 'stop')]
+KEY_COMMANDS = {'button_start': 'acquisition.start', 'button_stop': 'acquisition.stop', 'button_cycle': 'cutter.cut'}
+
+PORTS = [('sample_loading', 'barrel', 'mechanical'), ('die_outlet', 'die', 'liquid'), ('die_mount', 'die', 'mechanical'),
+         ('piston_coupling', 'piston', 'mechanical'), ('weight_stack', 'test_weight', 'mechanical'), ('thermal_boundary', 'heater', 'thermal'),
+         ('cut_collection', 'collection_tray', 'mechanical'), ('analytical_balance', 'balance_rs232', 'data'), ('raw_data', 'raw_rs232', 'data'),
+         ('ethernet_host', 'ethernet_host', 'data'), ('usb_1', 'usb_1', 'data'), ('usb_2', 'usb_2', 'data'),
+         ('line_power', 'line_power', 'electrical'), ('protective_ground', 'protective_ground', 'electrical')]
+# (part, state_id, capability, blender attribute, unit, upper) ; joints are process authoritative mirrors
+MOTION = [('piston', 'piston.position_m', 'piston.insert', 'location[2]', 'm', PISTON_TRAVEL_M),
+          ('sensor_arm', 'sensor_arm.angle_rad', 'piston.insert', 'rotation_axis_angle', 'rad', SENSOR_ARM_LIMITS_RAD[1]),
+          ('cutter', 'cutter.angle_rad', 'cutter.cut', 'rotation_euler[2]', 'rad', math.pi),
+          ('power_switch', 'power.angle_rad', 'power.set', 'rotation_euler[0]', 'rad', 0.28)]
+
+LED_BG = (0.018, 0.034, 0.044)
+READOUTS = [dict(name='temperature_sim', part='temperature_digits', face='N', digits=5, decimals=1, unit='C', on=(0.95, 0.96, 0.97), off=LED_BG,
+                 blank_channel=None, source={'bridge': ['thermal.indicated_k'], 'offset': -273.15}),
+            dict(name='piston_position_sim', part='position_digits', face='N', digits=6, decimals=3, unit='mm', on=(0.40, 0.84, 0.98), off=LED_BG,
+                 blank_channel=None, source={'bridge': ['encoder.position_m'], 'scale': 1000.0}),
+            dict(name='live_mvr_sim', part='mvr_digits', face='N', digits=6, decimals=2, unit='cm3/10min', on=(0.55, 0.93, 0.55), off=LED_BG,
+                 blank_channel=None, source={'bridge': ['measurement.live_mvr_m3_s'], 'scale': 6.0e8})]
+READOUT_LINES_V = {'temperature_digits': 0.058, 'position_digits': 0.030, 'mvr_digits': 0.002}
+READOUT_BASIS = {r['name']: dict(u=U, v=V, normal=N) for r in READOUTS}
+READOUT_NOTE_ZH = ('厂家1128610确有7寸倾斜电容触屏（照片界面显示温度与活塞位置数值）；本资产在屏上叠加三行工程七段读数：炉温°C（0.1 K显示）、'
+                   '活塞底距口模上表面mm（0.003 mm量化）、实时MVR cm³/10min，均来自公开传感状态，不是原厂界面、字体或驱动。'
+                   '面板基向量U=+X，V=[0,cos75°,sin75°]，N=[0,-sin75°,cos75°]。未配气动升降/自动选重，上下箭头键保留为无指令弹簧键；'
+                   '开始/停止/切刀键经宿主能力触发。称量只经外部天平RS232语义口，不造内置天平。挤出丝与末段切段为本任务场景适配器的可视缩放，不是CFD或接触求解。')
+
+REAR_Y = 0.256
+PORT_GEOMETRY = {
+    'sample_loading': dict(pos=[BARREL_XY[0], BARREL_XY[1], FURNACE_TOP_Z + 0.006], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=BARREL_BORE_DIAMETER_M / 2, capture=0.002),
+    'die_outlet': dict(pos=[BARREL_XY[0], BARREL_XY[1], DIE_EXIT_Z], insert_axis=[0, 0, -1], radius=DIE_DIAMETER_M / 2, capture=0.001),
+    'die_mount': dict(pos=[BARREL_XY[0], BARREL_XY[1], DIE_EXIT_Z - 0.0005], insert_axis=[0, 0, -1], radius=0.009, capture=0.002),
+    'piston_coupling': dict(pos=[BARREL_XY[0], BARREL_XY[1], DIE_TOP_Z + PISTON_SEAT_LOCAL_Z], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=0.007, capture=0.002),
+    'weight_stack': dict(pos=[BARREL_XY[0], BARREL_XY[1], ENVELOPE_M[2]], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=0.037, capture=0.003),
+    'thermal_boundary': dict(pos=[BARREL_XY[0], BARREL_XY[1], 0.330], insert_axis=[0, -1, 0], radius=0.030, capture=0.003),
+    'cut_collection': dict(pos=[BARREL_XY[0], BARREL_XY[1] - 0.020, 0.0342], insert_axis=[0, 0, 1], radius=0.060, capture=0.01),
+}
+REAR_CONNECTORS = [('line_power', 0.190, 0.105), ('protective_ground', 0.150, 0.105), ('ethernet_host', 0.080, 0.110), ('usb_1', 0.040, 0.110),
+                   ('usb_2', 0.040, 0.128), ('raw_rs232', -0.030, 0.110), ('balance_rs232', -0.100, 0.110)]
+CONNECTOR_PORT = {part: port for port, part, medium in PORTS if medium in ('data', 'electrical')}
+for _name, _x, _z in REAR_CONNECTORS:
+    PORT_GEOMETRY[CONNECTOR_PORT[_name]] = dict(pos=[_x, 0.262, _z], insert_axis=[0, 1, 0], radius=0.004, capture=0.002)
+for _row in PORT_GEOMETRY.values():
+    _row.update(position_evidence='geometry_derived_simulation_assumption', capture_evidence='simulation_assumption',
+                note='接口插入轴为向外预放置方向；局部接口布局和捕获半径为工程几何，物理pinout/机器人接触未验证。')
+
+EXTRUDATE_RADIUS_M = 0.00115                 # die radius 1.0475 mm x assumed swell 1.10 (visual only)
+EXTRUDATE_VISUAL_SPEC = dict(
+    reference_length_m=0.020, radius_m=EXTRUDATE_RADIUS_M, max_visual_length_m=0.150,
+    strand=dict(part='extrudate_strand', anchor=[BARREL_XY[0], BARREL_XY[1], DIE_EXIT_Z], axis=[0, 0, -1], state='extrudate.length_m'),
+    segment=dict(part='extrudate_segment', anchor=[BARREL_XY[0] - 0.010, BARREL_XY[1] - 0.040, 0.0342 + EXTRUDATE_RADIUS_M], axis=[1, 0, 0],
+                 state='extrudate.last_cut_length_m'),
+    scope='asset-local visual vertex scaling and visibility only; strand clipped to 150 mm (drop height to the plate ~194 mm); '
+          'no CFD, die-swell measurement, coiling, contact or automatic transfer to the balance')
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/evident_bx53p/source_cache/cvrl_ciexyz31_1.csv b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/evident_bx53p/source_cache/cvrl_ciexyz31_1.csv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d685a50376ecceaa09db1f5c693f2299de4f884b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/evident_bx53p/source_cache/cvrl_ciexyz31_1.csv
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/outputs/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jsmit200/optics_fit.json b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jsmit200/optics_fit.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2af8204f0c7c2c0ce90a7bedfde724e5eb51ea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/outputs/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jsmit200/optics_fit.json
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+ "catalog_id": "CHEM-151",
+ "built_at": "2026-09-26T00:05:56.714310+00:00",
+ "script": "derive_optics_parameters.py",
+ "model": "d^2 = 4I/(pi^2 beta a^2) + (Cs a^3/2)^2 + (Cc a dE/E0)^2 + (1.22 lambda/a)^2 at the optimum a; quoted resolution = K_RES d",
+ "fixed": {
+  "beta_reduced_A_m2_sr_V": 33333.333333333336,
+  "energy_spread_eV": 1.5,
+  "test_probe_current_A": 3e-12,
+  "edge_resolution_factor": 0.6,
+  "lens_gap_m": 0.002
+ },
+ "fitted": {
+  "c_s": 0.9315669301523783,
+  "c_c": 0.1320663205093771,
+  "Cs_at_8mm_m": 0.009315669301523784,
+  "Cc_at_8mm_m": 0.001320663205093771,
+  "rms_log_error": 0.026419401556548577
+ },
+ "bed_lv_resolution_factor": 1.430569028448803,
+ "reproduced": [
+  {
+   "kv": 30.0,
+   "wd_mm": 8.0,
+   "catalogue_nm": 3.0,
+   "model_nm": 3.0619849421713834,
+   "probe_nm": 5.103308236952305,
+   "alpha_mrad": 8.151742790420595,
+   "rel_error": 0.020661647390461058
+  },
+  {
+   "kv": 3.0,
+   "wd_mm": 6.0,
+   "catalogue_nm": 8.0,
+   "model_nm": 7.707058783048531,
+   "probe_nm": 12.845097971747553,
+   "alpha_mrad": 10.985859336200035,
+   "rel_error": -0.03661765211893364
+  },
+  {
+   "kv": 1.0,
+   "wd_mm": 6.0,
+   "catalogue_nm": 14.999999999999998,
+   "model_nm": 15.254949626593532,
+   "probe_nm": 25.424916044322558,
+   "alpha_mrad": 10.62139488762313,
+   "rel_error": 0.016996641772902388
+  }
+ ],
+ "lv": {
+  "catalogue_nm": 4.0,
+  "wd_m": 0.005,
+  "pressure_pa": 10.0,
+  "hv_model_nm_at_that_wd": 2.7960901714314943
+ },
+ "caveat_zh": "β与Cs、ΔE与Cc互相替代，拟合不唯一；常数是能复现目录分辨率的等效模型，不是实测透镜数据。",
+ "environment": {
+  "python": "3.12.14",
+  "numpy": "2.3.1",
+  "platform": "Linux-x86_64"
+ },
+ "checks": [
+  {
+   "id": "fit_within_5_percent",
+   "ok": true,
+   "detail": [
+    0.0207,
+    -0.0366,
+    0.017
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "cs_cc_positive_and_finite",
+   "ok": true,
+   "detail": [
+    0.9315669301523783,
+    0.1320663205093771
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "id": "bed_factor_above_one",
+   "ok": true,
+   "detail": 1.430569028448803
+  }
+ ],
+ "status": "passed"
+}
diff --git a/scripts/asset_runtime/ametek_oxtran.py b/scripts/asset_runtime/ametek_oxtran.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9822be9357fa6bac81a39239067150127b9f21df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/asset_runtime/ametek_oxtran.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1753 @@
+"""CHEM-147 AMETEK MOCON OX-TRAN 2/22 L oxygen permeation analyzer runtime (ASTM D3985 coulometric method, SI units).
+
+Physics owned by the host clock (``step`` is the only entry that advances time):
+  * test-cell block: lumped heat node with a PI-controlled thermoelectric heater/cooler (10-40 degC documented, +/-0.2 K);
+  * RH generator: first-order approach of both gas streams to the RH setpoint (0 = dry, 5-90 % controlled range from the
+    task table) with a hidden static bias inside the documented +/-4 % RH accuracy band;
+  * each of the two cells: removable film cartridge in a drawer, pneumatic clamp, a 1-D Fickian film (implicit finite volume,
+    exactly conservative) between a test-gas chamber (O2 partial pressure y_O2 (P_baro - p_w)) and a swept carrier-gas
+    chamber (well-mixed, turnover F/V), temperature (Arrhenius) and water-activity (host coefficient) dependence of P and D,
+    test-gas edge leak and TruSeal-flushed ambient ingress into the carrier side, air-equilibrated film when mounted;
+  * one shared Coulox sensor (Faraday: I = 4 F eta n_O2, 1 cc/day = 0.000199 A, first-order response, 10 pA counts, noise)
+    multiplexed by the sequencer through cell exams and ReZero exams (carrier only, system baseline);
+  * reported OTR = (I_exam - I_rezero) / (4 F) / area x 760 mmHg / P_baro x 100 / permeant % (no user gain: the 2/22 has no documented
+    sensor adjustment; out-of-spec certified films mean service),
+    quantised to the documented resolution; conditioning, individual zero, standard / convergence / continuous test modes.
+Permeation templates (P, D at 298 K) come from the asset's oxygen_permeation_library.json (polyVERSE experimental rows);
+activation energies, humidity coefficients, chamber volumes, leaks, sensor lag/noise and the thermal plant are explicit host
+priors (evidence = assumption).  Observed results are computed only from the quantised sensor observations.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import random
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+
+PROTOCOL_VERSION = '1.0.0'
+SLUG = 'ametek_oxtran'
+ASSET_TYPE_ID = 'instrument.' + SLUG
+CATALOG_ID = 'CHEM-147'
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+ASSET = ROOT / 'assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal' / SLUG
+LIBRARY_PATH = ASSET / 'oxygen_permeation_library.json'
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- documented / physical constants
+FARADAY = 96485.33212
+GAS_CONSTANT = 8.314462618
+V_STP_M3_MOL = 0.022414                          # m3(STP)/mol, 0 degC 101.325 kPa (cc(STP) convention of OTR and Coulox)
+STD_PRESSURE_PA = 101325.0                       # 760 mmHg, barometric normalisation target (manual appendix D)
+CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S = V_STP_M3_MOL * 1e6 * 86400.0  # 1 mol/s = 1.9366e9 cm3(STP)/day
+AMP_PER_CC_DAY = 4 * FARADAY / CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S  # 1.993e-4 A per cc/day (manual: 0.000199 A)
+COUNT_A = 1e-11                                  # 1 raw count ~ 10 pA (related 2/28 manual)
+AIR_O2_FRACTION = 0.2095
+TEMPERATURE_RANGE_K = (283.15, 313.15)           # documented 10 .. 40 degC
+TEMPERATURE_ACCURACY_K = 0.2                     # documented +/-0.2 degC
+RH_RANGE = (0.05, 0.90)                          # task table: controlled RH 5-90 % (+/-4 %); 0 = dry gas (certified-film method)
+RH_ACCURACY = 0.04
+TEST_AREA_M2 = 50e-4                             # documented standard film test area
+MASK_AREA_RANGE_M2 = (5e-4, 50e-4)               # foil masks down to 5 cm2 (product page "5.0 cm2 masked" range)
+OTR_RANGE_CC_M2_DAY = (0.005, 200.0)             # documented L model, 50 cm2
+OTR_RESOLUTION_CC_M2_DAY = 0.002                 # task table (2020 brochure); 2025 brochure/product page list 0.0001
+REPEATABILITY_CC_M2_DAY = 0.002                  # "0.002 or 1 %, whichever is greater"
+REPEATABILITY_REL = 0.01
+PACKAGE_RANGE_CC_DAY = (0.000025, 1.0)           # documented cc/(pkg day) range (L model)
+SENSOR_RANGE_MOL_S = PACKAGE_RANGE_CC_DAY[1] / CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S   # upper detection limit = 200 cc/(m2 day) x 50 cm2 = 1 cc/day
+OVER_RANGE_FACTOR = 1.25                         # sensor protection threshold relative to the upper range (engineering)
+OVER_RANGE_CURRENT_A = OVER_RANGE_FACTOR * 4 * FARADAY * SENSOR_RANGE_MOL_S   # acted on the measured sensor current
+MAX_PROVENANCE = 1000                            # provenance.read lists the most recent test operations
+MAX_FILM_THICKNESS_M = 120 * 25.4e-6             # documented "up to 120 mil"
+CARRIER_FLOW_SCCM = 10.0                         # per cell, certified-film instruction "carrier gas flow is set to 10 sccm"
+SUPPLY_GAUGE_PA = dict(carrier=(137.9e3, 193.1e3), test=(137.9e3, 220.6e3), nominal=172.4e3)   # 20-28 / 20-32 psi, 25 psi nominal
+TEMPERATURE_DISPLAY_RESOLUTION_K = 0.01
+RH_DISPLAY_RESOLUTION = 0.001
+BAROMETER_RESOLUTION_PA = 10.0
+DRAWER_TRAVEL_M = 0.190
+CLAMP_TRAVEL_M = 0.003
+POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD = 0.30
+N_FILM_NODES = 32
+MAX_SUBSTEP_S = 10.0
+OPEN_WINDOW_MOL_S_PA = 1e-9                      # empty cartridge: conductance of the open 50 cm2 window between the chambers (engineering)
+MAX_READINGS = 5000                              # readings per test record (schema maxItems)
+CELLS = ('A', 'B')
+
+
+class ActionRejected(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- schema helpers
+def number(unit='1', lo=None, hi=None):
+    s = {'type': 'number', 'x-unit': unit}
+    if lo is not None:
+        s['minimum'] = lo
+    if hi is not None:
+        s['maximum'] = hi
+    return s
+
+
+def obj(properties):
+    return dict(type='object', properties=properties, required=list(properties), additionalProperties=False)
+
+
+def nullable(s):
+    return {'anyOf': [s, {'type': 'null'}]}
+
+
+def array(s, minimum=0, maximum=MAX_READINGS):
+    return dict(type='array', items=s, minItems=minimum, maxItems=maximum)
+
+
+def enum(items):
+    return {'type': 'string', 'enum': list(items)}
+
+
+BOOL = {'type': 'boolean'}
+TEXT = {'type': 'string'}
+INT = {'type': 'integer', 'x-unit': '1'}
+CELL = enum(CELLS)
+PHASE = enum(['idle', 'running', 'succeeded', 'cancelled', 'failed'])
+CELL_PHASE = enum(['idle', 'zero_start', 'conditioning', 'testing', 'zero_end', 'succeeded', 'cancelled', 'failed'])
+
+
+def validate(s, v):
+    if 'anyOf' in s:
+        for o in s['anyOf']:
+            try:
+                validate(o, v)
+                return
+            except ActionRejected:
+                pass
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    k = s.get('type')
+    if k in ('number', 'integer'):
+        if isinstance(v, bool) or not isinstance(v, (int, float)) or not math.isfinite(v) or (k == 'integer' and type(v) is not int):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if not s.get('minimum', -math.inf) <= v <= s.get('maximum', math.inf):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k == 'object':
+        if not isinstance(v, dict) or set(v) != set(s['properties']):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for key, value in v.items():
+            validate(s['properties'][key], value)
+    elif k == 'array':
+        if not isinstance(v, list) or not s.get('minItems', 0) <= len(v) <= s.get('maxItems', math.inf):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for x in v:
+            validate(s['items'], x)
+    elif k == 'boolean' and type(v) is not bool:
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k == 'string' and not isinstance(v, str):
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k == 'null' and v is not None:
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    if 'enum' in s and v not in s['enum']:
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+
+
+_LIBRARY = None
+
+
+def library():
+    global _LIBRARY
+    if _LIBRARY is None:
+        _LIBRARY = {r['id']: r for r in json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())['templates']}
+    return _LIBRARY
+
+
+def quantize(value, step):
+    return round(value / step) * step
+
+
+def saturation_pressure_pa(T):
+    """Buck (1996) saturation vapour pressure of water over liquid water."""
+    c = T - 273.15
+    return 611.21 * math.exp((18.678 - c / 234.5) * (c / (257.14 + c)))
+
+
+def molar_flow(sccm):
+    return sccm * 1e-6 / 60.0 / V_STP_M3_MOL
+
+
+def cc_m2_day(mol_m2_s):
+    return None if mol_m2_s is None else mol_m2_s * CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- inputs
+PLANT_EXAMPLE = dict(ambient_k=296.15, ambient_rh=0.45, barometric_pa=101325.0, block_heat_capacity_j_k=4000.0, block_loss_w_k=1.5, tec_max_w=40.0,
+                     controller_gain_w_k=25.0, controller_integral_s=600.0, temperature_sensor_bias_k=0.05, rh_time_constant_s=600.0, rh_bias=0.012,
+                     test_chamber_volume_m3=4e-6, carrier_chamber_volume_m3=4e-6, test_gas_flow_sccm_per_cell=10.0, catalyst_removal_efficiency=0.999,
+                     edge_leak_mol_s_pa=2.5e-20, ambient_ingress_mol_s_pa=1e-18, truseal_flush_efficiency=0.95, rezero_path_leak_mol_s=5e-16,
+                     sensor_time_constant_s=45.0, sensor_efficiency=0.998, sensor_background_a=2e-11, sensor_noise_a=4e-10, sensor_relative_noise=0.003,
+                     noise_seed=147, clamp_actuation_s=2.0, drawer_speed_m_s=0.10, carrier_total_flow_sccm=60.0, test_total_flow_sccm=20.0, accept_engineering=True)
+PLANT = obj(dict(ambient_k=number('K', 283.15, 308.15), ambient_rh=number('1', 0.0, 0.95), barometric_pa=number('Pa', 53300.0, 113300.0),
+                 block_heat_capacity_j_k=number('J/K', 200.0, 50000.0), block_loss_w_k=number('W/K', 0.05, 50.0), tec_max_w=number('W', 2.0, 400.0),
+                 controller_gain_w_k=number('W/K', 0.1, 1000.0), controller_integral_s=number('s', 5.0, 20000.0),
+                 temperature_sensor_bias_k=number('K', -TEMPERATURE_ACCURACY_K, TEMPERATURE_ACCURACY_K),
+                 rh_time_constant_s=number('s', 5.0, 20000.0), rh_bias=number('1', -RH_ACCURACY, RH_ACCURACY),
+                 test_chamber_volume_m3=number('m^3', 1e-7, 1e-4), carrier_chamber_volume_m3=number('m^3', 1e-7, 1e-4),
+                 test_gas_flow_sccm_per_cell=number('cm^3/min', 1.0, 100.0), catalyst_removal_efficiency=number('1', 0.0, 1.0),
+                 edge_leak_mol_s_pa=number('mol/(s*Pa)', 0.0, 1e-14), ambient_ingress_mol_s_pa=number('mol/(s*Pa)', 0.0, 1e-13),
+                 truseal_flush_efficiency=number('1', 0.0, 1.0), rezero_path_leak_mol_s=number('mol/s', 0.0, 1e-10),
+                 sensor_time_constant_s=number('s', 0.5, 1800.0), sensor_efficiency=number('1', 0.8, 1.05), sensor_background_a=number('A', 0.0, 1e-7),
+                 sensor_noise_a=number('A', 0.0, 1e-7), sensor_relative_noise=number('1', 0.0, 0.1), noise_seed=INT,
+                 clamp_actuation_s=number('s', 0.1, 60.0), drawer_speed_m_s=number('m/s', 0.005, 2.0),
+                 carrier_total_flow_sccm=number('cm^3/min', 1.0, 500.0), test_total_flow_sccm=number('cm^3/min', 1.0, 500.0), accept_engineering=BOOL))
+GAS_EXAMPLE = dict(carrier_h2_fraction=0.02, carrier_o2_impurity_fraction=2e-6, carrier_supply_gauge_pa=172.4e3, test_o2_fraction=0.999, test_supply_gauge_pa=172.4e3,
+                   accept_gas_supply=True)
+GAS = obj(dict(carrier_h2_fraction=number('1', 0.0, 0.05), carrier_o2_impurity_fraction=number('1', 0.0, 1e-3), carrier_supply_gauge_pa=number('Pa', 0.0, 400e3),
+               test_o2_fraction=number('1', 0.01, 1.0),
+               test_supply_gauge_pa=number('Pa', 0.0, 400e3), accept_gas_supply=BOOL))
+MOUNT_EXAMPLE = dict(cell='A', template_id='poly_ethylene_terephthalate', thickness_m=100e-6, exposed_area_m2=TEST_AREA_M2, permeability_override_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa=None,
+                     diffusivity_override_m2_s=None, permeability_activation_energy_j_mol=45000.0, diffusivity_activation_energy_j_mol=45000.0,
+                     humidity_coefficient=None, accept_transport_assumptions=True)
+MOUNT = obj(dict(cell=CELL, template_id=TEXT, thickness_m=number('m', 1e-6, MAX_FILM_THICKNESS_M), exposed_area_m2=number('m^2', *MASK_AREA_RANGE_M2),
+                 permeability_override_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa=nullable(number('mol*m/(m^2*s*Pa)', 1e-22, 1e-10)),
+                 diffusivity_override_m2_s=nullable(number('m^2/s', 1e-17, 1e-6)),
+                 permeability_activation_energy_j_mol=number('J/mol', 0.0, 150000.0), diffusivity_activation_energy_j_mol=number('J/mol', 0.0, 150000.0),
+                 humidity_coefficient=nullable(number('1', 0.0, 20.0)), accept_transport_assumptions=BOOL))
+TEST_CFG_EXAMPLE = dict(cell='A', test_mode='convergence', cycles=10, exam_minutes=30.0, conditioning_hours=0.5, individual_zero='end', convergence_percent=1.0,
+                        convergence_count=3, max_cycles=60, report_basis='area', declared_area_m2=TEST_AREA_M2, declared_thickness_m=100e-6, temperature_tolerance_k=0.2)
+TEST_CFG = obj(dict(cell=CELL, test_mode=enum(['continuous', 'standard', 'convergence']), cycles=number('1', 1, 1000), exam_minutes=number('min', 1.0, 600.0),
+                    conditioning_hours=number('h', 0.0, 200.0), individual_zero=enum(['none', 'start', 'end', 'both']), convergence_percent=number('%', 0.1, 20.0),
+                    convergence_count=number('1', 2, 20), max_cycles=number('1', 1, 2000), report_basis=enum(['area', 'package']),
+                    declared_area_m2=number('m^2', *MASK_AREA_RANGE_M2), declared_thickness_m=nullable(number('m', 1e-6, MAX_FILM_THICKNESS_M)),
+                    temperature_tolerance_k=number('K', 0.05, 5.0)))
+TEST_CFG['properties']['cycles'] = INT | dict(minimum=1, maximum=1000)
+TEST_CFG['properties']['convergence_count'] = INT | dict(minimum=2, maximum=20)
+TEST_CFG['properties']['max_cycles'] = INT | dict(minimum=1, maximum=2000)
+INSTRUMENT_EXAMPLE = dict(permeant_concentration_percent=100.0, rezero_enabled=True, rezero_frequency=2, rezero_exam_minutes=30.0, barometer_mode='auto', manual_barometer_pa=None)
+INSTRUMENT = obj(dict(permeant_concentration_percent=number('%', 1.0, 100.0), rezero_enabled=BOOL, rezero_frequency=INT | dict(minimum=1, maximum=10),
+                      rezero_exam_minutes=number('min', 1.0, 600.0), barometer_mode=enum(['auto', 'manual']), manual_barometer_pa=nullable(number('Pa', 53300.0, 113300.0))))
+READING = obj(dict(index=INT, kind=enum(['exam', 'individual_zero']), time_s=number('s'), sensor_counts=INT, otr_mol_m2_s=nullable(number('mol/(m^2*s)')),
+                   otr_cc_m2_day=nullable(number('cm^3/(m^2*d)')), otr_mol_pkg_s=number('mol/s'), otr_cc_pkg_day=number('cm^3/d'),
+                   temperature_k=nullable(number('K')), rh_fraction=number('1'), barometric_pa=number('Pa')))
+ZERO = obj(dict(time_s=number('s'), sensor_counts=INT, current_a=number('A')))
+RESULT = obj(dict(operation_id=nullable(TEXT), cell=CELL, phase=PHASE, cell_phase=CELL_PHASE, elapsed_s=number('s'), exam_count=INT,
+                  readings=array(READING), rezero_readings=array(ZERO), individual_zero_mol_m2_s=nullable(number('mol/(m^2*s)')),
+                  final_otr_mol_m2_s=nullable(number('mol/(m^2*s)')), final_otr_cc_m2_day=nullable(number('cm^3/(m^2*d)')),
+                  final_otr_cc_pkg_day=nullable(number('cm^3/d')), converged=BOOL, repeatability_relative=nullable(number('1')),
+                  within_repeatability_spec=nullable(BOOL), permeance_mol_m2_s_pa=nullable(number('mol/(m^2*s*Pa)')),
+                  permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa=nullable(number('mol*m/(m^2*s*Pa)')), permeability_barrer=nullable(number('Barrer')),
+                  conditions=obj(dict(target_k=nullable(number('K')), target_rh=number('1'), permeant_concentration_percent=nullable(number('%')),
+                                      declared_area_m2=nullable(number('m^2')), declared_thickness_m=nullable(number('m')), report_basis=nullable(TEXT),
+                                      carrier_flow_sccm=number('cm^3/min'), exam_minutes=nullable(number('min')))),
+                  validity=enum(['not_completed', 'valid', 'below_range', 'over_range', 'sensor_over_range', 'not_converged', 'temperature_out_of_tolerance', 'humidity_out_of_tolerance', 'cancelled']),
+                  terminal_reason=nullable(TEXT), template_source=nullable(TEXT), evidence=TEXT))
+ANALYSIS = obj(dict(readings_mol_m2_s=array(number('mol/(m^2*s)', -1e-3, 1e-3), 1, MAX_READINGS), individual_zero_mol_m2_s=nullable(number('mol/(m^2*s)', -1e-3, 1e-3)),
+                    window=INT | dict(minimum=1, maximum=100), driving_partial_pressure_pa=number('Pa', 1.0, 2e5), thickness_m=nullable(number('m', 1e-7, 0.01)),
+                    convergence_percent=number('%', 0.01, 50.0)))
+ANALYSIS_OUTPUT = obj(dict(steady_state_otr_mol_m2_s=number('mol/(m^2*s)'), steady_state_otr_cc_m2_day=number('cm^3/(m^2*d)'), repeatability_relative=nullable(number('1')),
+                           converged=BOOL, permeance_mol_m2_s_pa=number('mol/(m^2*s*Pa)'), permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa=nullable(number('mol*m/(m^2*s*Pa)')),
+                           permeability_barrer=nullable(number('Barrer')), evidence=TEXT))
+LEDGER_KEYS = ['film_mounted_mol', 'film_unmounted_mol', 'film_air_exchange_mol', 'film_test_side_in_mol', 'film_to_carrier_mol', 'film_content_mol', 'film_residual_mol',
+               'carrier_in_mol', 'edge_leak_mol', 'ambient_ingress_mol', 'carrier_o2_impurity_mol', 'open_cell_mol', 'to_sensor_mol', 'to_vent_mol', 'released_to_air_mol',
+               'carrier_chamber_mol', 'carrier_residual_balance_mol', 'rezero_stream_mol', 'sensor_consumed_mol', 'sensor_passthrough_mol', 'sensor_input_mol',
+               'sensor_in_transit_mol', 'sensor_discarded_mol', 'sensor_balance_residual_mol', 'carrier_gas_used_mol', 'test_gas_used_mol', 'tec_heat_j', 'ambient_exchange_j', 'block_thermal_j', 'energy_residual_j',
+               'over_range_events']
+LEDGER = obj({k: number('1' if k == 'over_range_events' else 'J' if k.endswith('_j') else 'mol') for k in LEDGER_KEYS})
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- capabilities
+CAPS = {}
+
+
+def cap(k, s, o, e, c, meaning, visibility='agent', kind='device_command'):
+    CAPS[k] = dict(input_schema=s, output_schema=o, example_arguments=e, component_ids=list(c) if isinstance(c, (list, tuple)) else [c], function_zh=meaning,
+                   visibility=visibility, kind=kind, effects=[])
+
+
+CONFIGURED = obj(dict(configured=BOOL))
+CELL_ARG = obj(dict(cell=CELL))
+cap('plant.configure', PLANT, CONFIGURED, PLANT_EXAMPLE, ['thermal_module', 'rh_generator', 'coulox_sensor'],
+    '宿主声明实验室环境、测试池热容/散热/热电上限与PI参数、湿度发生器时间常数与偏差、腔体体积、流量、泄漏、传感器响应/噪声等工程参数（须显式接受）', 'evaluator', 'configuration')
+cap('gas.configure', GAS, CONFIGURED, GAS_EXAMPLE, ['carrier_gas_inlet', 'test_gas_inlet'],
+    '宿主声明外部气源：载气H₂份额（厂家98/2 N₂/H₂）、测试气氧份额（厂家≥99.9% O₂，也可接空气）与两路供气表压', 'evaluator', 'configuration')
+cap('instrument.configure', INSTRUMENT, CONFIGURED, INSTRUMENT_EXAMPLE, 'controller_board',
+    '仪器级测试参数：渗透物浓度（%，用于归一到100% O₂）、ReZero开关/频率/检测时长、气压计自动或手动', 'agent', 'configuration')
+cap('test.configure', TEST_CFG, CONFIGURED, TEST_CFG_EXAMPLE, 'controller_board',
+    '单池测试方法：模式（连续/标准N周期/收敛）、检测分钟、调理小时、单池零点（无/开始/结束/两者）、收敛判据、报告基准（面积/整包）、声明面积与厚度、温度容差', 'agent', 'configuration')
+cap('power.set', obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)), obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)), dict(enabled=True), 'power_switch',
+    '开关整机电源；断电停止气流、温控与传感器、取消进行中的测试（已记录的读数保留），夹紧状态保持（工程假设）')
+cap('thermal.set_temperature', obj(dict(target_k=number('K', *TEMPERATURE_RANGE_K))), obj(dict(target_k=number('K'))), dict(target_k=296.15), 'thermal_module',
+    '只写入测试池目标温度（10–40°C）；实际温度由热电PI控温随宿主step演化')
+cap('humidity.set', obj(dict(rh_fraction=number('1', 0.0, RH_RANGE[1]))), obj(dict(rh_fraction=number('1'))), dict(rh_fraction=0.0), 'rh_generator',
+    '只写入载气与测试气的相对湿度目标（0=干气，或5–90%受控范围）；实际湿度按一阶响应趋近，含±4%内的静态偏差')
+cap('drawer.move', obj(dict(cell=CELL, open=BOOL)), obj(dict(cell=CELL, target_m=number('m'))), dict(cell='A', open=True), ['drawer_a', 'drawer_b'],
+    '宿主（操作者/机器人代理）以有限速度拉开或推回测试池抽屉；须先松开夹紧', 'evaluator', 'robot_skill')
+cap('sample.mount', MOUNT, obj(dict(cell=CELL, mounted=BOOL, film_o2_mol=number('mol'))), MOUNT_EXAMPLE, ['cartridge_a', 'cartridge_b', 'film_a', 'film_b'],
+    '宿主在台面把膜样（涂Apiezon脂）装入拉出的测试盒；绑定模板库记录（P、D）与显式活化能/湿度系数/覆盖面积（掩膜）先验；膜内初始为与空气平衡的溶解氧', 'evaluator', 'robot_skill')
+cap('sample.unmount', CELL_ARG, obj(dict(cell=CELL, removed_film_o2_mol=number('mol'))), dict(cell='A'), ['cartridge_a', 'cartridge_b'],
+    '宿主从拉出的测试盒取下膜样（膜内溶解氧随膜离开）', 'evaluator', 'robot_skill')
+cap('cell.load_unload', CELL_ARG, obj(dict(cell=CELL, clamping=BOOL)), dict(cell='A'), ['button_load_a', 'button_load_b', 'clamp_a', 'clamp_b'],
+    '面板装卸键：未夹紧时（抽屉须已推到底）气动夹紧测试盒，已夹紧时松开（该池测试须已结束）；动作需要有限时间')
+cap('test.start', CELL_ARG, obj(dict(operation_id=TEXT)), dict(cell='A'), ['controller_board', 'coulox_sensor'],
+    '开始单池测试：核对通电、配置、气源压力、夹紧；按方法依次单池零点→调理→检测周期→结束零点，结果由传感器量化观测计算')
+cap('test.stop', CELL_ARG, obj(dict(cell=CELL, phase=PHASE, exam_count=INT)), dict(cell='A'), 'controller_board',
+    '停止该池检测序列：连续模式（已有检测）按操作者停止正常结束——设了结束零点则先测零点，再按已测读数给出结果；其他情况为终止（已记录读数保留）。膜仍在池内、测试气切回载气冲洗')
+cap('test.result', CELL_ARG, RESULT, dict(cell='A'), 'controller_board',
+    '返回该池最近一次测试的读数序列、ReZero基线、最终OTR、重复性、名义渗透率与有效性；所有角色都隐去所选模板身份', 'agent', 'query')
+cap('analysis.otr', ANALYSIS, ANALYSIS_OUTPUT, dict(readings_mol_m2_s=[3.02e-8, 3.03e-8, 3.03e-8], individual_zero_mol_m2_s=None, window=3, driving_partial_pressure_pa=101325.0,
+                                                    thickness_m=25e-6, convergence_percent=1.0), 'controller_board',
+    '纯函数：由读数序列求稳态OTR（末窗口均值减单池零点）、相对重复性、渗透量与渗透率（名义驱动压差、厚度先验）', 'agent', 'analysis')
+cap('ledger.read', obj({}), LEDGER, {}, 'controller_board', '受限O₂物质账（膜、载气腔、泄漏、传感器、排空）与测试池热量账', 'evaluator', 'query')
+cap('provenance.read', obj({}), obj(dict(cell_a=nullable(TEXT), cell_b=nullable(TEXT), operations=array(obj(dict(operation_id=TEXT, source=nullable(TEXT))), 0, MAX_PROVENANCE))), {}, 'controller_board',
+    '受限：两池当前膜样与最近1000次测试所用模板记录的来源', 'evaluator', 'query')
+cap('sim.step', obj(dict(dt_s=number('s', 0.0, 86400.0))), obj(dict(time_s=number('s'))), dict(dt_s=60.0), 'controller_board', '唯一宿主时间推进（纳秒整数时钟，余数累计）', 'evaluator', 'simulation')
+UNSUPPORTED = {
+    'hardware.connect': '无真实Ethernet/USB通信、WinPerm 2/PermWare或PERM-NET Lite连接',
+    'robot.mount_film': '无机器人切膜、涂脂、装夹与抽屉操作验证（由宿主sample.mount/drawer.move代理）',
+    'package.test': '未选整包/容器测试适配器（Package testing adapter）',
+    'cartridge.reduced_area': '未选5.64cm²缩小面积测试盒（量程上限×9）；仅支持箔掩膜覆盖面积',
+    'cartridge.edge_effect': '未选边缘效应测试盒',
+    'cartridge.blister': '未选泡罩测试盒',
+    'test_mode.convergence_by_hours': '“按小时收敛”模式的判据未公开（帮助系统不可得），未实现',
+    'test.qc_mode': 'QC通过/不通过模式未实现',
+    'test.auto_method': '自动测试方法开发（Auto-Test）未实现',
+    'test.sequencing': '多条件顺序测试（Sequential testing）未实现；可由宿主按条件重复test.configure/test.start',
+    'report.export': '报告打印/USB导出未实现（结果经test.result返回）',
+    'accuracy.certification': '无认证膜实测、NIST可溯源验证或厂家准确度实验',
+    'sensor.adjust': '2/22认证膜说明：认证膜结果超出允差时“分析仪可能需要维修”（联系厂家服务），只有2/12R要求校准；产品页与规格书称Coulox为绝对传感器、无需校准。'
+                     '“Permeant Sensor Adjustment”只见于同机身2/28手册附录F，2/22未公开该功能，故不提供用户增益调整',
+}
+for k, v in UNSUPPORTED.items():
+    cap(k, obj({}), obj({}), {}, 'controller_board', v)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- state slots
+SLOTS = {}
+
+
+def slot(k, schema, unit, origin, component, meaning, visibility='agent', reference=None):
+    SLOTS[k] = dict(schema=schema, unit=unit, origin=origin, component=component, meaning=meaning, visibility=visibility, reference=reference)
+
+
+OTR_REF = '按760mmHg与100%渗透物归一的单位面积氧透过率（cc指0°C、101.325kPa标准体积；×1.9366e9=cc/(m²·day)）。'
+slot('clock.time_s', number('s'), 's', 'derived', 'controller_board', '宿主时钟；read不推进')
+for k, c, m in [('plant.configured', 'thermal_module', '工程过程参数已声明'), ('gas.configured', 'carrier_gas_inlet', '外部气源已声明'),
+                ('instrument.configured', 'controller_board', '仪器级测试参数已设定'), ('power.enabled', 'power_switch', '整机通电'),
+                ('gas.supply_ok', 'carrier_gas_inlet', '两路供气表压在厂家范围内（载气20–28psi、测试气20–32psi）'),
+                ('sensor.over_range', 'coulox_sensor', '传感器处于超量程保护（旁路）')]:
+    slot(k, BOOL, '1', 'derived', c, m)
+slot('thermal.target_k', number('K'), 'K', 'setpoint', 'thermal_module', '测试池目标温度，只是目标')
+slot('thermal.indicated_k', nullable(number('K')), 'K', 'sensor', 'thermal_module', '测试池温度显示（0.01K量化，含±0.2K内的静态偏差）；断电为null')
+slot('humidity.target_fraction', number('1'), '1', 'setpoint', 'rh_generator', '载气与测试气相对湿度目标，只是目标（0=干气）')
+slot('humidity.indicated_fraction', nullable(number('1')), '1', 'sensor', 'rh_generator', '仪器显示的相对湿度（按其控制模型；不含静态偏差，0.001量化）；断电为null')
+slot('barometer.indicated_pa', nullable(number('Pa')), 'Pa', 'sensor', 'barometer', '内置气压计读数（10Pa量化）；断电为null', reference='绝对大气压。')
+slot('sensor.raw_counts', nullable(INT), '1', 'sensor', 'coulox_sensor', '传感器当前电流原始计数（1计数≈10pA，含与检测读数同源的相关测量噪声）；断电为null')
+slot('sensor.route', enum(['bypass', 'A', 'B', 'Z']), '1', 'derived', 'flow_controllers', '当前送往传感器的气流：旁路/A池/B池/ReZero')
+slot('sequence.slot_remaining_s', nullable(number('s')), 's', 'derived', 'controller_board', '当前检测时段剩余时间；无序列为null')
+for c in 'ab':
+    C_ = c.upper()
+    slot(f'drawer_{c}.position_m', number('m', 0.0, DRAWER_TRAVEL_M), 'm', 'scene', f'drawer_{c}', f'{C_}池抽屉拉出距离（0=推到底，0.190m=全开）', 'evaluator',
+         '资产坐标−Y方向（朝操作者）平移。')
+    slot(f'clamp_{c}.position_m', number('m', 0.0, CLAMP_TRAVEL_M), 'm', 'scene', f'clamp_{c}', f'{C_}池气动压板下压行程（0=松开，0.003m=夹紧）', 'evaluator', '资产坐标−Z方向平移。')
+    slot(f'cell_{c}.drawer_closed', BOOL, '1', 'derived', f'drawer_{c}', f'{C_}池抽屉已推到底且未在移动')
+    slot(f'cell_{c}.clamped', BOOL, '1', 'derived', f'clamp_{c}', f'{C_}池测试盒已气动夹紧（动作完成）')
+    slot(f'cell_{c}.clamp_moving', BOOL, '1', 'derived', f'clamp_{c}', f'{C_}池气动压板正在夹紧或松开行程中（此时装卸键被拒绝）')
+    slot(f'cell_{c}.method_configured', BOOL, '1', 'derived', 'controller_board', f'{C_}池已用test.configure设定测试方法')
+    slot(f'cell_{c}.indicator_on', BOOL, '1', 'derived', f'lamp_cell_{c}', f'{C_}池状态灯（本资产映射：已夹紧且通电=亮）')
+    slot(f'cell_{c}.film_mounted', BOOL, '1', 'derived', f'cartridge_{c}', f'{C_}池测试盒内装有膜样')
+    slot(f'cell_{c}.phase', CELL_PHASE, '1', 'derived', 'controller_board', f'{C_}池测试阶段（单池零点/调理/检测/结束零点/完成；前面板公开显示）')
+    slot(f'cell_{c}.exam_count', INT, '1', 'derived', 'controller_board', f'{C_}池本次测试已完成的检测次数（前面板公开显示）')
+    slot(f'cell_{c}.last_otr_mol_m2_s', nullable(number('mol/(m^2*s)')), 'mol/(m^2*s)', 'sensor', 'controller_board',
+         f'{C_}池最近一次检测报告的OTR（量化后；未检测为null；前面板公开显示）', reference=OTR_REF)
+    slot(f'cell_{c}.final_otr_mol_m2_s', nullable(number('mol/(m^2*s)')), 'mol/(m^2*s)', 'sensor', 'controller_board', f'{C_}池最近一次完成测试的最终OTR（扣除单池零点；前面板公开显示）',
+         reference=OTR_REF)
+    for k, u, m in [('flux_mol_s', 'mol/s', '膜向载气腔的真实O₂通量（膜出口面）'), ('film_o2_mol', 'mol', '膜内溶解氧总量'),
+                    ('test_side_o2_pa', 'Pa', '测试气腔O₂分压'), ('carrier_side_o2_mol', 'mol', '载气腔内O₂量'), ('leak_mol_s', 'mol/s', '边缘泄漏与环境渗入之和')]:
+        slot(f'truth.cell_{c}.{k}', number(u), u, 'process_truth', f'cartridge_{c}' if k != 'test_side_o2_pa' else f'cell_head_{c}', f'{C_}池' + m, 'evaluator',
+             '测试气腔内O₂的绝对分压（全混体积）。' if k == 'test_side_o2_pa' else None)
+for k, u, c, m in [('truth.block_temperature_k', 'K', 'thermal_module', '测试池块真实温度'), ('truth.rh_fraction', '1', 'rh_generator', '气流真实相对湿度（含静态偏差）'),
+                   ('truth.sensor_current_a', 'A', 'coulox_sensor', '传感器真实电流（无量化与噪声）'), ('truth.sensor_input_mol_s', 'mol/s', 'coulox_sensor', '进入传感器的O₂摩尔流'),
+                   ('truth.tec_power_w', 'W', 'thermal_module', '热电模块瞬时热功率（正=加热）')]:
+    slot(k, number(u), u, 'process_truth', c, m, 'evaluator')
+slot('power.angle_rad', number('rad'), 'rad', 'scene', 'power_switch', '后置电源摇臂开关姿态：0关、0.30rad开', 'evaluator')
+
+
+def analyze_otr(readings_mol_m2_s, individual_zero_mol_m2_s, window, driving_partial_pressure_pa, thickness_m, convergence_percent):
+    """Pure steady-state arithmetic on supplied observations (no process truth)."""
+    k = min(window, len(readings_mol_m2_s))
+    last = readings_mol_m2_s[-k:]
+    mean = sum(last) / k
+    zero = individual_zero_mol_m2_s or 0.0
+    ss = mean - zero
+    rep = None
+    if k >= 2 and abs(mean) > 0:
+        sd = math.sqrt(sum((x - mean) ** 2 for x in last) / (k - 1))
+        rep = sd / abs(mean)
+    converged = k >= 2 and all(abs(last[i] - last[i - 1]) <= convergence_percent / 100.0 * max(abs(last[i]), 1e-30) for i in range(1, k))
+    permeance = ss / driving_partial_pressure_pa
+    perm = None if thickness_m is None else permeance * thickness_m
+    return dict(steady_state_otr_mol_m2_s=ss, steady_state_otr_cc_m2_day=ss * CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S, repeatability_relative=rep, converged=converged,
+                permeance_mol_m2_s_pa=permeance, permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa=perm, permeability_barrer=None if perm is None else perm / BARRER_SI,
+                evidence='mean of the last window readings minus the supplied individual zero; permeance = OTR / supplied driving partial pressure; '
+                         'permeability = permeance x supplied thickness (Barrer = 3.3464e-16 mol m/(m2 s Pa))')
+
+
+BARRER_SI = 1e-10 * (1e-6 / V_STP_M3_MOL) * 1e-2 / (1e-4 * 101325.0 / 76.0)
+
+
+def is_stable(values, k, percent, floor):
+    """Convergence by cycles: over the last k intervals every step and the cumulative drift stay within max(percent of the value, floor)."""
+    if len(values) < k + 1:
+        return False
+    last = values[-(k + 1):]
+    allow = max(percent / 100.0 * abs(last[-1]), floor)
+    return all(abs(last[i] - last[i - 1]) <= allow for i in range(1, len(last))) and abs(last[-1] - last[0]) <= allow
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- film numerics
+def film_chamber_step(c, dx, D, c_top, n_h, sigma, area, q_in, kh, dt):
+    """Backward-Euler film and well-mixed carrier chamber solved together (one tridiagonal system of n+1 unknowns).
+
+    Unknowns: film cells x_i (mol/m3) and y = sigma n_h, the film-equivalent concentration of the chamber O2 (sigma = S R T / V_h).
+    Chamber: n_h' - n_h = dt (A J_bot' + q_in - kh n_h').  The matrix is a strictly diagonally dominant M-matrix, so the step is
+    unconditionally stable and non-negative for any film permeance and chamber volume, and exactly conservative:
+    sum((x' - x) dx) A + (n_h' - n_h) = dt (A J_top + q_in - kh n_h').  Returns (x', n_h', J_top_in, J_bot_out)."""
+    n = len(c)
+    r = D * dt / (dx * dx)
+    beta = 2.0 * dt * area * D * sigma / dx
+    N = n + 1
+    a = [-r] * N
+    b = [1.0 + 2.0 * r] * N
+    e = [-r] * N
+    d = list(c) + [sigma * n_h + dt * sigma * q_in]
+    a[0] = 0.0
+    b[0] += r
+    d[0] += 2.0 * r * c_top
+    b[n - 1] += r
+    e[n - 1] = -2.0 * r
+    a[n] = -beta
+    b[n] = 1.0 + beta + dt * kh
+    e[n] = 0.0
+    cp = [0.0] * N
+    dp = [0.0] * N
+    cp[0] = e[0] / b[0]
+    dp[0] = d[0] / b[0]
+    for i in range(1, N):
+        m = b[i] - a[i] * cp[i - 1]
+        cp[i] = e[i] / m
+        dp[i] = (d[i] - a[i] * dp[i - 1]) / m
+    x = [0.0] * N
+    x[-1] = dp[-1]
+    for i in range(N - 2, -1, -1):
+        x[i] = dp[i] - cp[i] * x[i + 1]
+    y = x.pop()
+    return x, y / sigma, 2.0 * D * (c_top - x[0]) / dx, 2.0 * D * (x[-1] - y) / dx
+
+
+def film_step(c, dx, D, c_top, c_bot, dt):
+    """Backward-Euler finite-volume diffusion step (Dirichlet faces at +/- dx/2); returns (new c, J_top_in, J_bot_out) in mol/(m2 s).
+
+    Exactly conservative: sum((c_new - c_old) dx) = (J_top_in - J_bot_out) dt."""
+    n = len(c)
+    r = D * dt / (dx * dx)
+    a = [-r] * n
+    b = [1.0 + 2.0 * r] * n
+    e = [-r] * n
+    d = list(c)
+    b[0] = 1.0 + 3.0 * r; d[0] += 2.0 * r * c_top; a[0] = 0.0
+    b[-1] = 1.0 + 3.0 * r; d[-1] += 2.0 * r * c_bot; e[-1] = 0.0
+    if n == 1:
+        b[0] = 1.0 + 4.0 * r
+        d[0] = c[0] + 2.0 * r * (c_top + c_bot)
+    cp = [0.0] * n
+    dp = [0.0] * n
+    cp[0] = e[0] / b[0]
+    dp[0] = d[0] / b[0]
+    for i in range(1, n):
+        m = b[i] - a[i] * cp[i - 1]
+        cp[i] = e[i] / m
+        dp[i] = (d[i] - a[i] * dp[i - 1]) / m
+    x = [0.0] * n
+    x[-1] = dp[-1]
+    for i in range(n - 2, -1, -1):
+        x[i] = dp[i] - cp[i] * x[i + 1]
+    j_top = 2.0 * D * (c_top - x[0]) / dx
+    j_bot = 2.0 * D * (x[-1] - c_bot) / dx
+    return x, j_top, j_bot
+
+
+class AmetekOxtranRuntime:
+    """One OX-TRAN 2/22 L instance; the host clock is the only time source (``step``)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, instance_id='oxtran_01'):
+        self.instance_id = instance_id
+        self.time_ns = 0
+        self._clock_remainder_ns = 0.0
+        self.revision = 0
+        self.plant = None
+        self.gas = None
+        self.instrument = None
+        self.power = False
+        self.target_k = 296.15
+        self.T = 296.15
+        self.integral_w = 0.0
+        self.tec_w = 0.0
+        self.rh_target = 0.0
+        self.rh_model = 0.0
+        self.rng = random.Random(0)
+        self.cells = {c: dict(cfg=None, drawer=0.0, drawer_move=None, clamp=0.0, clamp_move=None, clamped=False, film=None, conc=None,
+                              p_up=0.0, n_h=0.0, test=None, last_otr=None, final_otr=None, test_counter=0, exam_count=0, phase='idle', source=None,
+                              flux=0.0, leak=0.0) for c in CELLS}
+        self.sensor_I = 0.0        # total sensor current = O2 part + background part (noise-free, evaluator truth)
+        self.sensor_I_o2 = 0.0
+        self.sensor_I_bg = 0.0
+        self.noise_abs = 0.0       # correlated measurement noise states (A, relative)
+        self.noise_rel = 0.0
+        self.sensor_in = 0.0
+        self.route = 'bypass'
+        self.over_range = False
+        self.seq = None            # dict(kind, start_ns, end_ns) of the running slot
+        self.exams_since_zero = 0
+        self.zero_current = None   # measured baseline (A), None before the first ReZero
+        self.zero_list = []
+        self.records = {}
+        self.operations = {}
+        self._principals = {}
+        self._requests = {}
+        self._owners = {}
+        self._cancel_operations = {}
+        self.book = {k: 0.0 for k in LEDGER_KEYS if k not in ('film_content_mol', 'film_residual_mol', 'carrier_chamber_mol', 'carrier_residual_balance_mol',
+                                                               'sensor_in_transit_mol', 'sensor_balance_residual_mol', 'block_thermal_j', 'energy_residual_j')}
+        self._comp = {k: 0.0 for k in self.book}     # Neumaier compensation of every ledger sum
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ helpers
+    def _add(self, key, value):
+        """Compensated (Neumaier) accumulation of a ledger term."""
+        s_ = self.book[key]
+        t_ = s_ + value
+        self._comp[key] += (s_ - t_) + value if abs(s_) >= abs(value) else (value - t_) + s_
+        self.book[key] = t_
+
+    def _measured_current(self):
+        """Sensor current as the instrument measures it: truth plus correlated additive and proportional noise."""
+        return self.sensor_I + self.noise_abs + self.noise_rel * max(self.sensor_I_o2, 0.0)
+
+    @property
+    def time_s(self):
+        return self.time_ns / 1e9
+
+    def register_principal(self, name, visibility):
+        if not isinstance(name, str) or not name or visibility not in ('agent', 'evaluator', 'debug') or name in self._principals:
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        self._principals[name] = visibility
+
+    def session(self, name):
+        if not isinstance(name, str) or name not in self._principals:
+            raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return AmetekOxtranSession(self, name)
+
+    def _ambient(self):
+        return self.plant['ambient_k'] if self.plant else 296.15
+
+    def _baro(self):
+        return self.plant['barometric_pa'] if self.plant else STD_PRESSURE_PA
+
+    def _air_o2_pa(self):
+        Ta = self._ambient()
+        pw = (self.plant['ambient_rh'] if self.plant else 0.0) * saturation_pressure_pa(Ta)
+        return AIR_O2_FRACTION * (self._baro() - pw)
+
+    def _rh_true(self):
+        if self.rh_model <= 0.0:
+            return 0.0
+        return min(1.0, max(0.0, self.rh_model + (self.plant['rh_bias'] if self.plant else 0.0)))
+
+    def _carrier_residual_fraction(self):
+        """O2 left in the carrier after the H2/catalyst stage (manual: 1-3 % H2 needed for catalytic removal)."""
+        g = self.gas
+        if g is None:
+            return 0.0
+        removal = self.plant['catalyst_removal_efficiency'] if g['carrier_h2_fraction'] >= 0.01 else 0.0
+        return g['carrier_o2_impurity_fraction'] * (1.0 - removal)
+
+    def _carrier_ok(self):
+        g = self.gas
+        return g is not None and SUPPLY_GAUGE_PA['carrier'][0] <= g['carrier_supply_gauge_pa'] <= SUPPLY_GAUGE_PA['carrier'][1]
+
+    def _test_gas_ok(self):
+        g = self.gas
+        return g is not None and SUPPLY_GAUGE_PA['test'][0] <= g['test_supply_gauge_pa'] <= SUPPLY_GAUGE_PA['test'][1]
+
+    def _supply_ok(self):
+        return self._carrier_ok() and self._test_gas_ok()
+
+    def _transport(self, film, T, aw):
+        """Effective P, D (and S = P/D) of a mounted film at temperature T and water activity aw."""
+        inv = 1.0 / T - 1.0 / film['T_ref']
+        beta = film['beta'] * aw
+        P = film['P_ref'] * math.exp(-film['E_P'] / GAS_CONSTANT * inv + beta)
+        D = film['D_ref'] * math.exp(-film['E_D'] / GAS_CONSTANT * inv + beta)
+        return P, D, P / D
+
+    def _cell_open(self, cell):
+        c = self.cells[cell]
+        return not c['clamped'] or c['clamp_move'] is not None
+
+    def _test_active(self, cell):
+        t = self.cells[cell]['test']
+        return t is not None and t['phase'] == 'running'
+
+    def _indicated_T(self):
+        return quantize(self.T + self.plant['temperature_sensor_bias_k'], TEMPERATURE_DISPLAY_RESOLUTION_K) if (self.power and self.plant) else None
+
+    def _film_content(self, cell):
+        c = self.cells[cell]
+        if c['film'] is None:
+            return 0.0
+        return sum(c['conc']) * c['film']['dx'] * c['film']['area']
+
+    def read(self, visibility='agent'):
+        d = {'clock.time_s': self.time_s, 'plant.configured': self.plant is not None, 'gas.configured': self.gas is not None,
+             'instrument.configured': self.instrument is not None, 'power.enabled': self.power, 'gas.supply_ok': self._supply_ok(), 'sensor.over_range': self.over_range,
+             'thermal.target_k': self.target_k, 'thermal.indicated_k': self._indicated_T(), 'humidity.target_fraction': self.rh_target,
+             'humidity.indicated_fraction': quantize(self.rh_model, RH_DISPLAY_RESOLUTION) if self.power else None,
+             'barometer.indicated_pa': quantize(self._baro(), BAROMETER_RESOLUTION_PA) if self.power else None,
+             'sensor.raw_counts': self._panel_counts(), 'sensor.route': self.route,
+             'sequence.slot_remaining_s': None if self.seq is None else (self.seq['end_ns'] - self.time_ns) / 1e9,
+             'truth.block_temperature_k': self.T, 'truth.rh_fraction': self._rh_true(), 'truth.sensor_current_a': self.sensor_I,
+             'truth.sensor_input_mol_s': self.sensor_in, 'truth.tec_power_w': self.tec_w, 'power.angle_rad': POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD if self.power else 0.0}
+        for cell in CELLS:
+            c = self.cells[cell]
+            k = cell.lower()
+            p = self.plant
+            d.update({f'drawer_{k}.position_m': c['drawer'], f'clamp_{k}.position_m': c['clamp'],
+                      f'cell_{k}.drawer_closed': c['drawer'] == 0.0 and c['drawer_move'] is None, f'cell_{k}.clamped': c['clamped'] and c['clamp_move'] is None, f'cell_{k}.clamp_moving': c['clamp_move'] is not None,
+                      f'cell_{k}.method_configured': c['cfg'] is not None,
+                      f'cell_{k}.indicator_on': bool(self.power and c['clamped'] and c['clamp_move'] is None), f'cell_{k}.film_mounted': c['film'] is not None,
+                      f'cell_{k}.phase': c['phase'], f'cell_{k}.exam_count': c['exam_count'], f'cell_{k}.last_otr_mol_m2_s': c['last_otr'],
+                      f'cell_{k}.final_otr_mol_m2_s': c['final_otr'],
+                      f'truth.cell_{k}.flux_mol_s': c['flux'], f'truth.cell_{k}.film_o2_mol': self._film_content(cell), f'truth.cell_{k}.test_side_o2_pa': c['p_up'],
+                      f'truth.cell_{k}.carrier_side_o2_mol': c['n_h'], f'truth.cell_{k}.leak_mol_s': c['leak']})
+        return {k: copy.deepcopy(v) for k, v in d.items() if visibility != 'agent' or SLOTS[k]['visibility'] == 'agent'}
+
+    def _panel_counts(self):
+        if not self.power:
+            return None
+        I = self._measured_current()
+        return int(round(I / COUNT_A)) if math.isfinite(I) else None
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        b = {k: v + self._comp[k] for k, v in self.book.items()}
+        content = sum(self._film_content(c) for c in CELLS)
+        chamber = sum(self.cells[c]['n_h'] for c in CELLS)
+        b['film_content_mol'] = content
+        b['carrier_chamber_mol'] = chamber
+        b['film_residual_mol'] = b['film_mounted_mol'] - b['film_unmounted_mol'] + b['film_air_exchange_mol'] + b['film_test_side_in_mol'] - b['film_to_carrier_mol'] - content
+        b['carrier_residual_balance_mol'] = b['carrier_in_mol'] - b['to_sensor_mol'] - b['to_vent_mol'] - b['released_to_air_mol'] - chamber
+        b['sensor_in_transit_mol'] = (self.plant['sensor_time_constant_s'] * self.sensor_I_o2 / (4.0 * FARADAY)) if self.plant else 0.0
+        b['sensor_balance_residual_mol'] = (b['sensor_input_mol'] - b['sensor_consumed_mol'] - b['sensor_passthrough_mol'] - b['sensor_in_transit_mol']
+                                            - b['sensor_discarded_mol'])
+        b['block_thermal_j'] = (self.plant['block_heat_capacity_j_k'] * (self.T - self._ambient())) if self.plant else 0.0
+        b['energy_residual_j'] = b['tec_heat_j'] - b['ambient_exchange_j'] - b['block_thermal_j']
+        return b
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ test bookkeeping
+    def _new_test(self, cell):
+        c = self.cells[cell]
+        c['test_counter'] += 1
+        op = f'{self.instance_id}:test:{cell}:{c["test_counter"]}'
+        cfg = copy.deepcopy(c['cfg'])
+        inst = copy.deepcopy(self.instrument)
+        first = 'zero_start' if cfg['individual_zero'] in ('start', 'both') else ('conditioning' if cfg['conditioning_hours'] > 0 else 'testing')
+        t = dict(op=op, cell=cell, cfg=cfg, inst=inst, phase='running', cell_phase=first, start_ns=self.time_ns, end_ns=None, readings=[], zeros=[],
+                 individual_zero=None, zero_run=[], zero_stable=None, conditioning_end_ns=None, converged=False, validity='not_completed', terminal_reason=None, final=None,
+                 temperature_excursion=False, humidity_excursion=False, target_k=self.target_k, target_rh=self.rh_target, source=c['source'])
+        if first == 'conditioning':
+            t['conditioning_end_ns'] = self.time_ns + round(cfg['conditioning_hours'] * 3600e9)
+        c['test'] = t
+        c['phase'] = first
+        c['exam_count'] = 0
+        c['last_otr'] = None
+        self.operations[op] = t
+        self.records[op] = self._result_of(t)
+        return op
+
+    def _result_of(self, t):
+        cfg = t['cfg']
+        fin = t['final']
+        return dict(operation_id=t['op'], cell=t['cell'], phase=t['phase'], cell_phase=t['cell_phase'],
+                    elapsed_s=((t['end_ns'] if t['end_ns'] is not None else self.time_ns) - t['start_ns']) / 1e9, exam_count=len([r for r in t['readings'] if r['kind'] == 'exam']),
+                    readings=copy.deepcopy(t['readings']), rezero_readings=copy.deepcopy(t['zeros']), individual_zero_mol_m2_s=t['individual_zero'],
+                    final_otr_mol_m2_s=None if fin is None else fin['otr'], final_otr_cc_m2_day=None if fin is None else fin['otr_cc'],
+                    final_otr_cc_pkg_day=None if fin is None else fin['otr_pkg_cc'], converged=t['converged'],
+                    repeatability_relative=None if fin is None else fin['rep'], within_repeatability_spec=None if fin is None else fin['rep_ok'],
+                    permeance_mol_m2_s_pa=None if fin is None else fin['permeance'], permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa=None if fin is None else fin['permeability'],
+                    permeability_barrer=None if (fin is None or fin['permeability'] is None) else fin['permeability'] / BARRER_SI,
+                    conditions=dict(target_k=t['target_k'], target_rh=t['target_rh'], permeant_concentration_percent=t['inst']['permeant_concentration_percent'],
+                                    declared_area_m2=cfg['declared_area_m2'], declared_thickness_m=cfg['declared_thickness_m'], report_basis=cfg['report_basis'],
+                                    carrier_flow_sccm=CARRIER_FLOW_SCCM, exam_minutes=cfg['exam_minutes']),
+                    validity=t['validity'], terminal_reason=t['terminal_reason'], template_source=t['source'],
+                    evidence='synthetic_forward_model; quantised Coulox sensor counts with ReZero baseline, barometric (760 mmHg) and permeant normalisation; '
+                             'film transport from the selected experimental P/D template with explicit temperature/humidity/leak/sensor priors; not native OX-TRAN data')
+
+    def _finish(self, cell, phase, reason):
+        c = self.cells[cell]
+        t = c['test']
+        cfg = t['cfg']
+        exams = [r for r in t['readings'] if r['kind'] == 'exam']
+        fin = None
+        if exams:
+            k = cfg['convergence_count'] if cfg['test_mode'] == 'convergence' else 1
+            window = [r['otr_mol_m2_s'] for r in exams[-k:]]
+            zero = t['individual_zero'] or 0.0
+            otr = sum(window) / len(window) - zero
+            last3 = [r['otr_mol_m2_s'] for r in exams[-3:]]
+            rep = None
+            rep_ok = None
+            if len(last3) >= 2:
+                m = sum(last3) / len(last3)
+                sd = math.sqrt(sum((x - m) ** 2 for x in last3) / (len(last3) - 1))
+                rep = sd / abs(m) if abs(m) > 0 else None
+                allow = max(REPEATABILITY_CC_M2_DAY / CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S * TEST_AREA_M2 / cfg['declared_area_m2'], REPEATABILITY_REL * abs(m))
+                rep_ok = sd <= allow
+            permeance = otr / STD_PRESSURE_PA
+            fin = dict(otr=otr, otr_cc=otr * CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S, otr_pkg_cc=otr * cfg['declared_area_m2'] * CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S, rep=rep, rep_ok=rep_ok,
+                       permeance=permeance, permeability=None if cfg['declared_thickness_m'] is None else permeance * cfg['declared_thickness_m'])
+        if phase == 'cancelled':
+            validity = 'cancelled'
+        elif reason == 'SENSOR_OVER_RANGE':
+            validity = 'sensor_over_range'
+        elif fin is None:
+            validity = 'not_completed'
+        elif t['temperature_excursion']:
+            validity = 'temperature_out_of_tolerance'
+        elif t['humidity_excursion']:
+            validity = 'humidity_out_of_tolerance'
+        elif (cfg['test_mode'] == 'convergence' and not t['converged']) or t['zero_stable'] is False:
+            validity = 'not_converged'
+        else:
+            lo, hi = OTR_RANGE_CC_M2_DAY
+            scale = TEST_AREA_M2 / cfg['declared_area_m2']
+            validity = 'below_range' if fin['otr_cc'] < lo * scale else 'over_range' if fin['otr_cc'] > hi * scale else 'valid'
+        t.update(phase=phase, terminal_reason=reason, validity=validity, end_ns=self.time_ns, final=fin, cell_phase={'succeeded': 'succeeded', 'failed': 'failed'}.get(phase, 'cancelled'))
+        c['phase'] = t['cell_phase']
+        c['final_otr'] = None if fin is None or validity != 'valid' else fin['otr']
+        self.records[t['op']] = self._result_of(t)
+
+    def _result(self, cell):
+        t = self.cells[cell]['test']
+        if t is None:
+            return dict(operation_id=None, cell=cell, phase='idle', cell_phase='idle', elapsed_s=0.0, exam_count=0, readings=[], rezero_readings=[],
+                        individual_zero_mol_m2_s=None, final_otr_mol_m2_s=None, final_otr_cc_m2_day=None, final_otr_cc_pkg_day=None, converged=False,
+                        repeatability_relative=None, within_repeatability_spec=None, permeance_mol_m2_s_pa=None, permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa=None,
+                        permeability_barrer=None, conditions=dict(target_k=None, target_rh=self.rh_target, permeant_concentration_percent=None, declared_area_m2=None,
+                                                                  declared_thickness_m=None, report_basis=None, carrier_flow_sccm=CARRIER_FLOW_SCCM, exam_minutes=None),
+                        validity='not_completed', terminal_reason=None, template_source=None, evidence='no_measurement')
+        if t['phase'] == 'running':
+            return self._result_of(t)
+        return copy.deepcopy(self.records[t['op']])
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ sequencer
+    def _active_cells(self):
+        return [c for c in CELLS if self._test_active(c)]
+
+    def _slot_minutes(self, kind):
+        if kind == 'Z':
+            return self.instrument['rezero_exam_minutes']
+        cfg = self.cells[kind]['cfg']
+        if self._test_active(kind):
+            return self.cells[kind]['test']['cfg']['exam_minutes']
+        other = [self.cells[c]['test']['cfg']['exam_minutes'] for c in self._active_cells()]
+        return other[0] if other else (cfg['exam_minutes'] if cfg else 30.0)
+
+    def _next_slot(self, previous):
+        inst = self.instrument
+        if inst['rezero_enabled'] and (self.zero_current is None or self.exams_since_zero >= inst['rezero_frequency']):   # never an exam without a baseline
+            kind = 'Z'
+        elif previous in (None, 'Z'):
+            kind = self._last_cell_slot_next()
+        else:
+            kind = 'B' if previous == 'A' else 'A'
+        if kind == 'Z':
+            self.exams_since_zero = 0
+        self.seq = dict(kind=kind, start_ns=self.time_ns, end_ns=self.time_ns + max(1, round(self._slot_minutes(kind) * 60e9)))
+        self._route()
+
+    def _last_cell_slot_next(self):
+        last = getattr(self, '_last_cell_slot', None)
+        return 'A' if last in (None, 'B') else 'B'
+
+    def _route(self):
+        """Valve routing for the current slot (sensor bypassed during conditioning, idle slots and over-range protection).
+
+        ``routed_since_ns`` remembers when the sensor was switched onto the slot's stream: a slot whose stream was switched in
+        part-way (conditioning ended, a test started, over-range recovery) is not a complete exam and records nothing."""
+        s = self.seq
+        route = 'bypass'
+        if s is not None and self.power and not self.over_range:
+            if s['kind'] == 'Z':
+                route = 'Z'
+            elif self._test_active(s['kind']) and self.cells[s['kind']]['phase'] in ('zero_start', 'testing', 'zero_end'):
+                route = s['kind']
+        if s is not None:
+            if route == 'bypass':
+                s['routed_since_ns'] = None
+            elif route != self.route or s.get('routed_since_ns') is None:
+                s['routed_since_ns'] = self.time_ns
+        self.route = route
+
+    def _measure_current(self):
+        return quantize(self._measured_current(), COUNT_A)
+
+    def _complete_slot(self):
+        s = self.seq
+        kind = s['kind']
+        now = self.time_s
+        full = self.route == kind and s.get('routed_since_ns') == s['start_ns']
+        if kind == 'Z':
+            if full:
+                I = self._measure_current()
+                self.zero_current = I
+                z = dict(time_s=quantize(now, 1.0), sensor_counts=int(round(I / COUNT_A)), current_a=I)
+                self.zero_list.append(z)
+                for cell in self._active_cells():
+                    t = self.cells[cell]['test']
+                    if len(t['zeros']) < MAX_READINGS:
+                        t['zeros'].append(dict(z, time_s=quantize(now - t['start_ns'] / 1e9, 1.0)))   # same time base as the exams
+        else:
+            self._last_cell_slot = kind
+            self.exams_since_zero += 1
+            c = self.cells[kind]
+            t = c['test']
+            if t is not None and t['phase'] == 'running' and full:
+                self._record_exam(kind)
+            elif t is not None and t['phase'] == 'running' and c['phase'] == 'conditioning':
+                pass
+        self.seq = None
+        self.route = 'bypass'
+        if self._active_cells() and self.power:
+            self._next_slot(kind)
+
+    def _record_exam(self, cell):
+        c = self.cells[cell]
+        t = c['test']
+        cfg, inst = t['cfg'], t['inst']
+        p = self.plant
+        I = self._measure_current()
+        base = self.zero_current if self.zero_current is not None else 0.0
+        n_meas = (I - base) / (4.0 * FARADAY)
+        P_used = self._baro() if inst['barometer_mode'] == 'auto' else inst['manual_barometer_pa']
+        pkg = n_meas * (STD_PRESSURE_PA / P_used) * (100.0 / inst['permeant_concentration_percent'])
+        pkg_cc = quantize(pkg * CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S, OTR_RESOLUTION_CC_M2_DAY * TEST_AREA_M2)
+        pkg = pkg_cc / CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S
+        otr = pkg / cfg['declared_area_m2']
+        kind = 'individual_zero' if c['phase'] in ('zero_start', 'zero_end') else 'exam'
+        Ti = self._indicated_T()
+        row = dict(index=len(t['readings']), kind=kind, time_s=quantize(self.time_s - t['start_ns'] / 1e9, 1.0), sensor_counts=int(round(I / COUNT_A)),
+                   otr_mol_m2_s=otr, otr_cc_m2_day=otr * CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S, otr_mol_pkg_s=pkg, otr_cc_pkg_day=pkg_cc, temperature_k=Ti,
+                   rh_fraction=quantize(self.rh_model, RH_DISPLAY_RESOLUTION), barometric_pa=quantize(self._baro(), BAROMETER_RESOLUTION_PA))
+        if len(t['readings']) >= MAX_READINGS:
+            self._finish(cell, 'failed', 'TOO_MANY_READINGS')
+            return
+        t['readings'].append(row)
+        floor = 2.0 * OTR_RESOLUTION_CC_M2_DAY / CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S * TEST_AREA_M2 / cfg['declared_area_m2']
+        if kind == 'individual_zero':
+            # the zero is repeated until it is stable: after the test gas is removed the film keeps desorbing dissolved O2
+            t['zero_run'].append(otr)
+            k = cfg['convergence_count']
+            run = t['zero_run']
+            stable = is_stable(run, k, cfg['convergence_percent'], floor)
+            if stable or len(run) >= cfg['max_cycles']:
+                t['individual_zero'] = otr
+                t['zero_stable'] = t['zero_stable'] and stable if t['zero_stable'] is not None else stable
+                t['zero_run'] = []
+                if c['phase'] == 'zero_start':
+                    nxt = 'conditioning' if cfg['conditioning_hours'] > 0 else 'testing'
+                    c['phase'] = t['cell_phase'] = nxt
+                    if nxt == 'conditioning':
+                        t['conditioning_end_ns'] = self.time_ns + round(cfg['conditioning_hours'] * 3600e9)
+                else:
+                    self._finish(cell, 'succeeded', 'TEST_COMPLETE')
+            return
+        c['exam_count'] += 1
+        c['last_otr'] = otr
+        if Ti is not None and abs(Ti - t['target_k']) > cfg['temperature_tolerance_k'] + 1e-9:
+            t['temperature_excursion'] = True
+        if abs(self.rh_target - t['target_rh']) > 1e-12 or abs(self.rh_model - t['target_rh']) > RH_ACCURACY + 1e-9:
+            t['humidity_excursion'] = True
+        exams = [r['otr_mol_m2_s'] for r in t['readings'] if r['kind'] == 'exam']
+        done = False
+        if cfg['test_mode'] == 'standard' and len(exams) >= cfg['cycles']:
+            done = True
+        elif cfg['test_mode'] == 'convergence':
+            t['converged'] = is_stable(exams, cfg['convergence_count'], cfg['convergence_percent'], floor)
+            done = t['converged'] or len(exams) >= cfg['max_cycles']
+        if done:
+            if cfg['individual_zero'] in ('end', 'both'):
+                c['phase'] = t['cell_phase'] = 'zero_end'
+            else:
+                self._finish(cell, 'succeeded', 'TEST_COMPLETE')
+
+    def _abort_test(self, cell):
+        """Cancellation of the asynchronous test operation: always an abort (readings kept), unlike the graceful continuous stop."""
+        self._finish(cell, 'cancelled', 'USER_CANCEL')
+        self._route()
+        self.revision += 1
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ commands
+    def invoke(self, capability_id, **arguments):
+        if capability_id not in CAPS:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'], arguments)
+        k = capability_id
+        a = copy.deepcopy(arguments)
+        if k in UNSUPPORTED:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNSUPPORTED')
+        if k == 'test.result':
+            return self._result(a['cell'])
+        if k == 'ledger.read':
+            return self.ledger()
+        if k == 'provenance.read':
+            return dict(cell_a=self.cells['A']['source'], cell_b=self.cells['B']['source'],
+                        operations=[dict(operation_id=op, source=t['source']) for op, t in list(self.operations.items())[-MAX_PROVENANCE:]])
+        if k == 'analysis.otr':
+            return analyze_otr(**a)
+        if k == 'sim.step':
+            self.step(a['dt_s'])
+            return dict(time_s=self.time_s)
+        if k == 'plant.configure':
+            if self.plant is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_ALREADY_CONFIGURED')
+            if not a['accept_engineering']:
+                raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            if a['block_heat_capacity_j_k'] / (a['controller_gain_w_k'] + a['block_loss_w_k']) < 5 * MAX_SUBSTEP_S:
+                raise ActionRejected('THERMAL_TIME_CONSTANT_OUTSIDE_NUMERICAL_DOMAIN')
+            self.plant = a
+            self.rng = random.Random(a['noise_seed'])
+            self.T = a['ambient_k']
+            self.target_k = min(max(TEMPERATURE_RANGE_K[0], a['ambient_k']), TEMPERATURE_RANGE_K[1])
+            out = dict(configured=True)
+        elif k == 'gas.configure':
+            if not a['accept_gas_supply']:
+                raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            if any(self._test_active(c) for c in CELLS):
+                raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+            self.gas = a
+            self.zero_current = None                          # a new carrier/test supply invalidates the ReZero baseline
+            out = dict(configured=True)
+        elif k == 'instrument.configure':
+            if a['barometer_mode'] == 'manual' and a['manual_barometer_pa'] is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('MANUAL_BAROMETER_REQUIRED')
+            if any(self._test_active(c) for c in CELLS):
+                raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+            self.instrument = a
+            out = dict(configured=True)
+        elif k == 'test.configure':
+            if self._test_active(a['cell']):
+                raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+            if a['test_mode'] == 'convergence' and a['max_cycles'] < a['convergence_count'] + 1:
+                raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            cell = a.pop('cell')
+            self.cells[cell]['cfg'] = a
+            out = dict(configured=True)
+        elif k == 'power.set':
+            if self.plant is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if not a['enabled'] and self.power:
+                for c in CELLS:
+                    if self._test_active(c):
+                        self._finish(c, 'cancelled', 'POWER_OFF')
+                self.seq = None
+                self.route = 'bypass'
+                self.tec_w = 0.0
+                self.integral_w = 0.0
+                self.zero_current = None                      # the sensor baseline must be re-measured after a restart
+                self._add('sensor_discarded_mol', self.plant['sensor_time_constant_s'] * self.sensor_I_o2 / (4.0 * FARADAY))
+                self.sensor_I = self.sensor_I_o2 = self.sensor_I_bg = 0.0
+                self.noise_abs = self.noise_rel = 0.0
+                for c in CELLS:
+                    cc = self.cells[c]
+                    if cc['clamp_move'] is not None:          # a clamp stroke in progress stops where it is and the cell is not sealed
+                        cc['clamp_move'] = None
+                        if cc['clamped']:
+                            self._open_cell(c)                # release stroke interrupted: the seal is already broken
+                        cc['clamped'] = False
+            if a['enabled'] and not self.power:
+                self.noise_abs = self.plant['sensor_noise_a'] * self.rng.gauss(0.0, 1.0)          # stationary start of the noise process
+                self.noise_rel = self.plant['sensor_relative_noise'] * self.rng.gauss(0.0, 1.0)
+            self.power = a['enabled']
+            out = dict(enabled=self.power)
+        elif k == 'thermal.set_temperature':
+            if self.plant is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            self.target_k = a['target_k']
+            out = dict(target_k=self.target_k)
+        elif k == 'humidity.set':
+            if self.plant is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if 0.0 < a['rh_fraction'] < RH_RANGE[0]:
+                raise ActionRejected('RH_OUTSIDE_CONTROLLED_RANGE')
+            self.rh_target = a['rh_fraction']
+            out = dict(rh_fraction=self.rh_target)
+        elif k == 'drawer.move':
+            if self.plant is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            c = self.cells[a['cell']]
+            if c['clamped'] or c['clamp_move'] is not None or c['clamp'] > 0.0:
+                raise ActionRejected('CARTRIDGE_CLAMPED')          # the platen must be fully raised before the drawer slides
+            target = DRAWER_TRAVEL_M if a['open'] else 0.0
+            c['drawer_move'] = None if c['drawer'] == target else dict(start_ns=self.time_ns, x0=c['drawer'], target=target)
+            out = dict(cell=a['cell'], target_m=target)
+        elif k == 'sample.mount':
+            out = self._mount(a)
+        elif k == 'sample.unmount':
+            c = self.cells[a['cell']]
+            if c['film'] is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('NO_FILM')
+            if not (c['drawer'] == DRAWER_TRAVEL_M and c['drawer_move'] is None) or c['clamped'] or c['clamp_move'] is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('DRAWER_NOT_OPEN')
+            removed = self._film_content(a['cell'])
+            self._add('film_unmounted_mol', removed)
+            c['film'] = None
+            c['conc'] = None
+            c['source'] = None
+            out = dict(cell=a['cell'], removed_film_o2_mol=removed)
+        elif k == 'cell.load_unload':
+            if self.plant is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if not self.power:
+                raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            cell = a['cell']
+            c = self.cells[cell]
+            if c['clamp_move'] is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('CLAMP_BUSY')
+            if c['clamped']:
+                if self._test_active(cell):
+                    raise ActionRejected('TEST_ACTIVE')
+                c['clamp_move'] = dict(start_ns=self.time_ns, q0=c['clamp'], target=0.0)
+                out = dict(cell=cell, clamping=False)
+            else:
+                if not (c['drawer'] == 0.0 and c['drawer_move'] is None):
+                    raise ActionRejected('DRAWER_NOT_CLOSED')
+                c['clamp_move'] = dict(start_ns=self.time_ns, q0=c['clamp'], target=CLAMP_TRAVEL_M)
+                out = dict(cell=cell, clamping=True)
+        elif k == 'test.start':
+            cell = a['cell']
+            c = self.cells[cell]
+            if self.plant is None or self.gas is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if not self.power:
+                raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            if self.instrument is None or c['cfg'] is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('METHOD_REQUIRED')
+            if not self._supply_ok():
+                raise ActionRejected('GAS_SUPPLY_PRESSURE_OUT_OF_RANGE')
+            if not c['clamped'] or c['clamp_move'] is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('CELL_NOT_CLAMPED')
+            if self._test_active(cell):
+                raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+            op = self._new_test(cell)
+            if self.seq is None:
+                self._next_slot(None)
+            else:
+                self._route()
+            out = dict(operation_id=op)
+        elif k == 'test.stop':
+            cell = a['cell']
+            if not self._test_active(cell):
+                raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+            c = self.cells[cell]
+            t = c['test']
+            n_exam = len([r for r in t['readings'] if r['kind'] == 'exam'])
+            if t['cfg']['test_mode'] == 'continuous' and n_exam > 0 and c['phase'] == 'testing':
+                # a continuous test is ended by the operator: optional end zero, then an evaluated result (2/28 manual)
+                if t['cfg']['individual_zero'] in ('end', 'both'):
+                    c['phase'] = t['cell_phase'] = 'zero_end'
+                    if self.seq is not None and self.route == cell:
+                        self.seq['routed_since_ns'] = self.time_ns       # the running exam slot is not a complete zero
+                else:
+                    self._finish(cell, 'succeeded', 'OPERATOR_STOP')
+            else:
+                self._finish(cell, 'cancelled', 'USER_CANCEL')
+            self._route()
+            out = dict(cell=cell, phase=t['phase'], exam_count=n_exam)
+        else:  # pragma: no cover
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        self.revision += 1
+        return copy.deepcopy(out)
+
+    def _mount(self, a):
+        if self.plant is None:
+            raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        c = self.cells[a['cell']]
+        if c['film'] is not None:
+            raise ActionRejected('FILM_ALREADY_MOUNTED')
+        if not (c['drawer'] == DRAWER_TRAVEL_M and c['drawer_move'] is None) or c['clamped'] or c['clamp_move'] is not None:
+            raise ActionRejected('DRAWER_NOT_OPEN')
+        if not a['accept_transport_assumptions']:
+            raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+        rec = library().get(a['template_id'])
+        if rec is None:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE')
+        P = a['permeability_override_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa'] or rec['oxygen_permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_Pa']
+        D = a['diffusivity_override_m2_s'] or rec['oxygen_diffusivity_m2_s']
+        if D is None:
+            raise ActionRejected('DIFFUSIVITY_REQUIRED')
+        water = rec['humidity_class'] != 'negligible_assumed'
+        if not water and a['humidity_coefficient'] not in (None, 0.0):
+            raise ActionRejected('HUMIDITY_COEFFICIENT_NOT_APPLICABLE')
+        if water and a['humidity_coefficient'] is None:
+            raise ActionRejected('HUMIDITY_COEFFICIENT_REQUIRED')   # host prior needed at mount time for every water-sensitive template
+        L = a['thickness_m']
+        film = dict(template=rec['id'], T_ref=rec['reference_temperature_K'], P_ref=P, D_ref=D, E_P=a['permeability_activation_energy_j_mol'],
+                    E_D=a['diffusivity_activation_energy_j_mol'], beta=a['humidity_coefficient'] or 0.0, beta_given=a['humidity_coefficient'] is not None,
+                    water_sensitive=water, L=L, dx=L / N_FILM_NODES, area=a['exposed_area_m2'],
+                    source=f"{LIBRARY_PATH.relative_to(ROOT)}#{rec['id']}", P_evidence='host_override' if a['permeability_override_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa'] else rec['evidence'],
+                    D_evidence='host_override' if a['diffusivity_override_m2_s'] else rec['diffusivity_evidence'])
+        _, _, S = self._transport(film, self._ambient(), self.plant['ambient_rh'])
+        c0 = S * self._air_o2_pa()
+        c['film'] = film
+        c['conc'] = [c0] * N_FILM_NODES
+        c['source'] = film['source']
+        content = self._film_content(a['cell'])
+        self._add('film_mounted_mol', content)
+        return dict(cell=a['cell'], mounted=True, film_o2_mol=content)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ time integration
+    def _next_events(self, end):
+        ev = [end, self.time_ns + round(MAX_SUBSTEP_S * 1e9)]
+        p = self.plant
+        for c in CELLS:
+            cc = self.cells[c]
+            if cc['drawer_move'] is not None:
+                m = cc['drawer_move']
+                ev.append(m['start_ns'] + max(1, math.ceil(abs(m['target'] - m['x0']) / p['drawer_speed_m_s'] * 1e9)))
+            if cc['clamp_move'] is not None:
+                m = cc['clamp_move']
+                ev.append(m['start_ns'] + max(1, math.ceil(abs(m['target'] - m['q0']) / CLAMP_TRAVEL_M * p['clamp_actuation_s'] * 1e9)))
+            t = cc['test']
+            if t is not None and t['phase'] == 'running' and cc['phase'] == 'conditioning' and t['conditioning_end_ns'] is not None:
+                ev.append(t['conditioning_end_ns'])
+        if self.seq is not None:
+            ev.append(self.seq['end_ns'])
+        return min(t for t in ev if t > self.time_ns)
+
+    def _advance_mechanics(self, nxt):
+        p = self.plant
+        for cell in CELLS:
+            c = self.cells[cell]
+            if c['drawer_move'] is not None:
+                m = c['drawer_move']
+                dist = abs(m['target'] - m['x0'])
+                s = (nxt - m['start_ns']) / 1e9 * p['drawer_speed_m_s']
+                if s >= dist - 1e-15:
+                    c['drawer'] = m['target']
+                    c['drawer_move'] = None
+                else:
+                    c['drawer'] = m['x0'] + math.copysign(s, m['target'] - m['x0'])
+            if c['clamp_move'] is not None:
+                m = c['clamp_move']
+                dist = abs(m['target'] - m['q0'])
+                s = (nxt - m['start_ns']) / 1e9 / p['clamp_actuation_s'] * CLAMP_TRAVEL_M
+                if s >= dist - 1e-15:
+                    c['clamp'] = m['target']
+                    c['clamp_move'] = None
+                    if m['target'] > 0:
+                        self._seal_cell(cell)
+                    else:
+                        self._open_cell(cell)
+                else:
+                    c['clamp'] = m['q0'] + math.copysign(s, m['target'] - m['q0'])
+
+    def _seal_cell(self, cell):
+        """Clamp completed: both chambers start with trapped laboratory air."""
+        c = self.cells[cell]
+        p = self.plant
+        c['clamped'] = True
+        self._add('released_to_air_mol', c['n_h'])   # (always 0 for an open cell; keeps the chamber balance closed regardless)
+        c['p_up'] = self._air_o2_pa()
+        n_air = self._air_o2_pa() * p['carrier_chamber_volume_m3'] / (GAS_CONSTANT * self._ambient())
+        c['n_h'] = n_air
+        self._add('carrier_in_mol', n_air)   # trapped air counted as carrier-side input so the chamber balance stays closed
+
+    def _open_cell(self, cell):
+        c = self.cells[cell]
+        c['clamped'] = False
+        self._add('released_to_air_mol', c['n_h'])
+        c['n_h'] = 0.0
+        c['p_up'] = self._air_o2_pa()
+
+    def _integrate(self, dt):
+        p = self.plant
+        Ta = p['ambient_k']
+        # ---- test-cell block temperature: PI thermoelectric (heats and cools), conditional integration
+        if self.power:
+            e = self.target_k - (self.T + p['temperature_sensor_bias_k'])     # the controller acts on its own (biased) sensor
+            u = p['controller_gain_w_k'] * e + self.integral_w
+            Q = min(max(u, -p['tec_max_w']), p['tec_max_w'])
+            if -p['tec_max_w'] < u < p['tec_max_w'] or (u >= p['tec_max_w'] and e < 0) or (u <= -p['tec_max_w'] and e > 0):
+                self.integral_w = min(max(self.integral_w + p['controller_gain_w_k'] / p['controller_integral_s'] * e * dt, -p['tec_max_w']), p['tec_max_w'])
+        else:
+            Q = 0.0
+        self.tec_w = Q
+        # exact exponential update of the block for constant Q over the sub-step (unconditionally stable)
+        G, Cb = p['block_loss_w_k'], p['block_heat_capacity_j_k']
+        T_inf = Ta + Q / G
+        tau_b = Cb / G
+        e_b = math.exp(-dt / tau_b)
+        T_new = T_inf + (self.T - T_inf) * e_b
+        self._add('tec_heat_j', Q * dt)
+        self._add('ambient_exchange_j', G * ((T_inf - Ta) * dt + (self.T - T_inf) * tau_b * (1.0 - e_b)))   # exact integral of G (T - T_amb) dt
+        self.T = T_new
+        # ---- RH generator model (indicated) and true humidity
+        if self.power:
+            self.rh_model = self.rh_target + (self.rh_model - self.rh_target) * math.exp(-dt / p['rh_time_constant_s'])
+            if self.rh_target == 0.0 and self.rh_model < 1e-6:
+                self.rh_model = 0.0
+        aw = self._rh_true()
+        pw = aw * saturation_pressure_pa(self.T)
+        g = self.gas
+        n_c = molar_flow(CARRIER_FLOW_SCCM)
+        # ---- per cell: chambers, film, leaks
+        outflows = {}
+        for cell in CELLS:
+            c = self.cells[cell]
+            film = c['film']
+            open_ = self._cell_open(cell)
+            flow_on = self.power and not open_
+            c['flux'] = 0.0
+            c['leak'] = 0.0
+            if open_:
+                outflows[cell] = 0.0
+                if film is not None:
+                    Tf = Ta
+                    _, D, S = self._transport(film, Tf, p['ambient_rh'])
+                    cb = S * self._air_o2_pa()
+                    jt_, jb_ = self._film_advance(c, D, cb, cb, dt)
+                    self._add('film_air_exchange_mol', (jt_ - jb_) * film['area'] * dt)
+                continue
+            V_h = p['carrier_chamber_volume_m3']
+            V_t = p['test_chamber_volume_m3']
+            carrier_on = flow_on and self._carrier_ok()
+            # test-gas chamber: test gas during conditioning/testing, carrier flush otherwise; no supply = no flow (stagnant)
+            t = c['test']
+            testing_gas = (flow_on and t is not None and t['phase'] == 'running' and c['phase'] in ('conditioning', 'testing') and g is not None)
+            if (testing_gas and self._test_gas_ok()) or (flow_on and not testing_gas and carrier_on):
+                target = g['test_o2_fraction'] * max(self._baro() - pw, 0.0) if testing_gas else 0.0
+                F_t = molar_flow(p['test_gas_flow_sccm_per_cell']) * GAS_CONSTANT * self.T / self._baro()
+                c['p_up'] = target + (c['p_up'] - target) * math.exp(-F_t / V_t * dt)
+            p_up = c['p_up']
+            # carrier-side inputs other than the film (constant over the sub-step); the sweep (kh) needs carrier flow
+            edge = p['edge_leak_mol_s_pa'] * p_up
+            ingress = p['ambient_ingress_mol_s_pa'] * (1.0 - p['truseal_flush_efficiency']) * self._air_o2_pa()
+            residual = self._carrier_residual_fraction() * n_c if carrier_on else 0.0
+            q_in = edge + ingress + residual
+            kh = n_c * GAS_CONSTANT * self.T / self._baro() / V_h if carrier_on else 0.0
+            n_old = c['n_h']
+            film_out = 0.0
+            open_flow = 0.0
+            if film is not None:
+                _, D, S = self._transport(film, self.T, aw)
+                j_top, j_bot, n_new, out = self._film_chamber_advance(c, D, S * p_up, S * GAS_CONSTANT * self.T / V_h, q_in, kh, dt)
+                film_out = j_bot * film['area']           # mol/s averaged over the sub-step
+                self._add('film_test_side_in_mol', j_top * film['area'] * dt)
+                self._add('film_to_carrier_mol', film_out * dt)
+            else:
+                # empty cartridge: the chambers communicate through the open window (two-way, solved implicitly)
+                a_h = GAS_CONSTANT * self.T / V_h
+                n_new = (n_old + dt * (q_in + OPEN_WINDOW_MOL_S_PA * p_up)) / (1.0 + dt * kh + dt * OPEN_WINDOW_MOL_S_PA * a_h)
+                open_flow = OPEN_WINDOW_MOL_S_PA * (p_up - n_new * a_h)
+                out = kh * n_new
+                self._add('open_cell_mol', open_flow * dt)
+            inputs = film_out + q_in + open_flow
+            self._add('edge_leak_mol', edge * dt)
+            self._add('ambient_ingress_mol', ingress * dt)
+            self._add('carrier_o2_impurity_mol', residual * dt)
+            self._add('carrier_in_mol', inputs * dt)
+            c['flux'] = film_out
+            c['leak'] = edge + ingress
+            c['n_h'] = n_new                                # sweep outflow 'out' = backward-Euler kh n_h' of every solver sub-step
+            outflows[cell] = out
+        # ---- rezero stream and sensor
+        zero_stream = (self._carrier_residual_fraction() * n_c + p['rezero_path_leak_mol_s']) if (self.power and self._carrier_ok()) else 0.0
+        self._add('rezero_stream_mol', zero_stream * dt)
+        route = self.route
+        if route in CELLS:
+            s_in = outflows.get(route, 0.0)
+        elif route == 'Z':
+            s_in = zero_stream
+        else:
+            s_in = 0.0
+        for cell, out in outflows.items():
+            if cell == route:
+                self._add('to_sensor_mol', out * dt)
+            else:
+                self._add('to_vent_mol', out * dt)
+        self.sensor_in = s_in
+        if self.power:
+            eta = p['sensor_efficiency']
+            tau_s = p['sensor_time_constant_s']
+            e_s = math.exp(-dt / tau_s)
+            I_ss = 4.0 * FARADAY * eta * s_in
+            I0 = self.sensor_I_o2
+            self.sensor_I_o2 = I_ss + (I0 - I_ss) * e_s
+            self.sensor_I_bg = p['sensor_background_a'] + (self.sensor_I_bg - p['sensor_background_a']) * e_s
+            self.sensor_I = self.sensor_I_o2 + self.sensor_I_bg
+            self._add('sensor_input_mol', s_in * dt)
+            self._add('sensor_consumed_mol', (I_ss * dt + (I0 - I_ss) * tau_s * (1.0 - e_s)) / (4.0 * FARADAY))   # exact charge of the O2 current
+            self._add('sensor_passthrough_mol', (1.0 - eta) * s_in * dt)
+            # measurement noise: first-order correlated with the sensor time constant, additive and proportional (one stream for
+            # panel counts, exam and ReZero readings, so every agent-visible channel carries the same noise)
+            k_s = math.sqrt(max(0.0, 1.0 - e_s * e_s))
+            self.noise_abs = self.noise_abs * e_s + p['sensor_noise_a'] * k_s * self.rng.gauss(0.0, 1.0)
+            self.noise_rel = self.noise_rel * e_s + p['sensor_relative_noise'] * k_s * self.rng.gauss(0.0, 1.0)
+            if self._carrier_ok():
+                self._add('carrier_gas_used_mol', molar_flow(p['carrier_total_flow_sccm']) * dt)
+            if self._active_cells() and self._test_gas_ok():
+                self._add('test_gas_used_mol', molar_flow(p['test_total_flow_sccm']) * dt)
+        return s_in
+
+    def _film_chamber_advance(self, c, D, c_top, sigma, q_in, kh, dt):
+        """Film and carrier chamber advanced together; returns sub-step averaged (J_top_in, J_bot_out), the new chamber O2 and the
+        averaged sweep outflow (mol/s)."""
+        film = c['film']
+        tau = film['L'] ** 2 / D
+        h = min(dt, max(0.02 * tau, 1.0))
+        n = max(1, math.ceil(dt / h - 1e-12))
+        h = dt / n
+        jt = jb = ot = 0.0
+        conc, n_h = c['conc'], c['n_h']
+        for _ in range(n):
+            conc, n_h, a_, b_ = film_chamber_step(conc, film['dx'], D, c_top, n_h, sigma, film['area'], q_in, kh, h)
+            jt += a_ * h
+            jb += b_ * h
+            ot += kh * n_h * h
+        c['conc'] = conc
+        return jt / dt, jb / dt, n_h, ot / dt
+
+    def _film_advance(self, c, D, c_top, c_bot, dt):
+        film = c['film']
+        tau = film['L'] ** 2 / D
+        h = min(dt, max(0.02 * tau, 1.0))
+        n = max(1, math.ceil(dt / h - 1e-12))
+        h = dt / n
+        jt = jb = 0.0
+        conc = c['conc']
+        for _ in range(n):
+            conc, a_, b_ = film_step(conc, film['dx'], D, c_top, c_bot, h)
+            jt += a_ * h
+            jb += b_ * h
+        c['conc'] = conc
+        return jt / dt, jb / dt
+
+    def step(self, dt_s):
+        validate(number('s', 0.0, 86400.0), dt_s)
+        raw = dt_s * 1e9 + self._clock_remainder_ns
+        ns = round(raw)
+        self._clock_remainder_ns = raw - ns
+        if ns <= 0 or self.plant is None:
+            self.time_ns += max(ns, 0)
+            self.revision += 1
+            return
+        end = self.time_ns + ns
+        while self.time_ns < end:
+            nxt = self._next_events(end)
+            dt = (nxt - self.time_ns) / 1e9
+            s_in = self._integrate(dt)
+            self._advance_mechanics(nxt)
+            self.time_ns = nxt
+            # sensor protection: an excessive measured current switches the sensor to bypass; an over-ranged cell fails its own test,
+            # an over-ranged ReZero stream fails every active test (2/28 manual: "all active tests will be failed")
+            I_meas = self._measured_current()
+            if self.power and self.route in CELLS + ('Z',) and not (math.isfinite(I_meas) and I_meas <= OVER_RANGE_CURRENT_A):
+                stream = self.route
+                self._add('over_range_events', 1)
+                self.over_range = True
+                self._route()                                   # -> bypass for the rest of the slot
+                for cell in ([stream] if stream in CELLS else list(self._active_cells())):
+                    if self._test_active(cell):
+                        self._finish(cell, 'failed', 'SENSOR_OVER_RANGE')
+            for cell in CELLS:
+                cc = self.cells[cell]
+                t = cc['test']
+                if t is not None and t['phase'] == 'running' and cc['phase'] == 'conditioning' and t['conditioning_end_ns'] is not None and self.time_ns >= t['conditioning_end_ns']:
+                    cc['phase'] = t['cell_phase'] = 'testing'
+                    t['conditioning_end_ns'] = None
+                    self._route()
+            if self.seq is not None and self.time_ns >= self.seq['end_ns']:
+                self._complete_slot()
+            if self.seq is not None and not self._active_cells():
+                self.seq = None
+                self.route = 'bypass'
+            if self.over_range and self.route == 'bypass' and self._measured_current() < 0.5 * OVER_RANGE_CURRENT_A:
+                self.over_range = False                         # routing resumes with the next slot; the tripped stream is not re-entered
+        self.revision += 1
+
+
+class AmetekOxtranSession:
+    def __init__(self, host, principal_id):
+        self._host = host
+        self._principal = principal_id
+
+    @property
+    def _role(self):
+        return self._host._principals[self._principal]
+
+    def _target(self, instance_id):
+        if not isinstance(instance_id, str) or instance_id != self._host.instance_id:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+
+    def describe(self, *, instance_id=None, asset_type_id=None):
+        if (instance_id is None) == (asset_type_id is None):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if instance_id is not None:
+            self._target(instance_id)
+        if asset_type_id is not None and asset_type_id != ASSET_TYPE_ID:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+        meta = copy.deepcopy(export_ametek_oxtran_contract_metadata())
+        return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID, asset_version='1.0.0',
+                    capabilities={k: v for k, v in meta['capabilities'].items() if v['visibility'] == 'agent' or self._role != 'agent'},
+                    state_slots={k: v for k, v in meta['state_slots'].items() if v['visibility'] == 'agent' or self._role != 'agent'})
+
+    def read(self, *, instance_id, state_ids=None):
+        self._target(instance_id)
+        h = self._host
+        values = h.read(self._role)
+        ids = list(values) if state_ids is None else state_ids
+        if not isinstance(ids, list) or any(not isinstance(k, str) for k in ids):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if any(k not in values for k in ids):
+            raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return dict(instance_id=instance_id, status='succeeded', state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain': 'simulation', 'time_s': h.time_s},
+                    observations={k: dict(value=copy.deepcopy(values[k]), unit=SLOTS[k]['unit'],
+                                          quality='unavailable' if values[k] is None else 'estimated' if SLOTS[k]['origin'] in ('sensor', 'derived') else 'valid',
+                                          sample_time_s=h.time_s, sample_window_s=None) for k in ids})
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _filter_result(result):
+        result = copy.deepcopy(result)
+        # Public test payloads use the same redaction for every role; provenance.read is the evaluator channel.
+        if 'readings' in result and 'template_source' in result:
+            result['template_source'] = (str(LIBRARY_PATH.relative_to(ROOT)) + '; selected record available only through evaluator provenance.read') if result['template_source'] is not None else None
+        return result
+
+    def _foreign(self, cell):
+        h = self._host
+        t = h.cells[cell]['test']
+        owner = h._owners.get(t['op']) if t is not None else None
+        return owner is not None and owner != self._principal and h._principals.get(owner) == 'agent'
+
+    def invoke(self, *, instance_id, capability_id, arguments, request_id):
+        h = self._host
+        try:
+            self._target(instance_id)
+            if not isinstance(capability_id, str) or capability_id not in CAPS:
+                raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+            if self._role == 'agent' and CAPS[capability_id]['visibility'] != 'agent':
+                raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if not isinstance(request_id, str) or not request_id:
+                raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'], arguments)
+            key = (self._principal, request_id)
+            digest = json.dumps([capability_id, arguments], sort_keys=True, allow_nan=False)
+            if key in h._requests:
+                old, response = h._requests[key]
+                if old != digest:
+                    raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+                return copy.deepcopy(response)
+            # Tests started by another *agent* are private to it; panel/host-started tests are shared by every operator.
+            if self._role == 'agent':
+                cell = arguments.get('cell') if isinstance(arguments, dict) else None
+                if capability_id in ('test.stop', 'test.result', 'test.configure', 'cell.load_unload') and cell in CELLS and self._foreign(cell):
+                    raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+                if capability_id in ('thermal.set_temperature', 'humidity.set', 'instrument.configure') and any(
+                        self._foreign(c) and h._test_active(c) for c in CELLS):
+                    raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+                if capability_id == 'power.set' and not arguments['enabled'] and any(self._foreign(c) and h._test_active(c) for c in CELLS):
+                    raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            result = self._filter_result(h.invoke(capability_id, **arguments))
+            operation = result.get('operation_id') if capability_id == 'test.start' else None
+            if operation:
+                h._owners[operation] = self._principal
+            response = dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, instance_id=instance_id, request_id=request_id, operation_id=operation,
+                            status='accepted' if operation else 'succeeded', state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain': 'simulation', 'time_s': h.time_s},
+                            result=result, observations={}, error=None)
+            h._requests[key] = (digest, copy.deepcopy(response))
+            return response
+        except ActionRejected as exc:
+            return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, instance_id=instance_id, request_id=request_id, operation_id=None,
+                        status='unsupported' if str(exc) == 'UNSUPPORTED' else 'rejected', state_revision=h.revision,
+                        clock={'domain': 'simulation', 'time_s': h.time_s}, result={}, observations={},
+                        error=dict(code=str(exc), message=str(exc), retryable=False, side_effects='none'))
+
+    def write(self, *, instance_id, state_id, value, request_id):
+        self._target(instance_id)
+        if not isinstance(state_id, str):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        entry = SLOTS.get(state_id)
+        if not entry or state_id not in WRITE_VIA:
+            raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        capability, argument = WRITE_VIA[state_id]
+        return self.invoke(instance_id=instance_id, capability_id=capability, arguments={argument: value}, request_id=request_id)
+
+    def poll(self, operation_id):
+        h = self._host
+        if not isinstance(operation_id, str):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if h._owners.get(operation_id) != self._principal:
+            raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        t = h.operations.get(operation_id)
+        if t is None:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_OPERATION')
+        result = h._result_of(t) if t['phase'] == 'running' else h.records[operation_id]
+        return dict(operation_id=operation_id, status=result['phase'], result=self._filter_result(result))
+
+    def cancel(self, operation_id, request_id):
+        self.poll(operation_id)
+        h = self._host
+        if not isinstance(request_id, str) or not request_id:
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        key = (self._principal, request_id)
+        if key in h._cancel_operations:
+            if h._cancel_operations[key] != operation_id:
+                raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+            return copy.deepcopy(h._requests[key][1])
+        if key in h._requests:
+            raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        t = h.operations[operation_id]
+        if t['phase'] != 'running':
+            raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+        h._abort_test(t['cell'])
+        result = dict(cell=t['cell'], phase=t['phase'], exam_count=len([r for r in t['readings'] if r['kind'] == 'exam']))
+        response = dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, instance_id=h.instance_id, request_id=request_id, operation_id=operation_id, status='succeeded',
+                        state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain': 'simulation', 'time_s': h.time_s}, result=result, observations={}, error=None)
+        h._requests[key] = (json.dumps(['cancel', operation_id]), copy.deepcopy(response))
+        h._cancel_operations[key] = operation_id
+        return response
+
+
+WRITE_VIA = {'thermal.target_k': ('thermal.set_temperature', 'target_k'), 'humidity.target_fraction': ('humidity.set', 'rh_fraction')}
+_PHASES = ['cell_a.phase', 'cell_b.phase']
+PRECONDITIONS = {
+    'plant.configure': ('只能声明一次（plant.configured为假），须显式接受工程参数；热时间常数须不小于5个数值子步', ['plant.configured']),
+    'gas.configure': ('须显式接受气源声明；两池都没有进行中的测试', _PHASES),
+    'instrument.configure': ('两池都没有进行中的测试；手动气压计模式须给出气压值', _PHASES),
+    'test.configure': ('该池没有进行中的测试；收敛模式的最大周期数须不小于收敛次数+1', _PHASES),
+    'power.set': ('须已声明工程参数；断电会取消所有进行中的测试', ['plant.configured', 'power.enabled']),
+    'thermal.set_temperature': ('须已声明工程参数；目标在10–40°C', ['plant.configured']),
+    'humidity.set': ('须已声明工程参数；目标为0（干气）或5–90%', ['plant.configured']),
+    'drawer.move': ('须已声明工程参数；该池未夹紧、压板完全抬起且不在行程中', ['plant.configured', 'cell_a.clamped', 'cell_b.clamped', 'clamp_a.position_m', 'clamp_b.position_m']),
+    'sample.mount': ('抽屉完全拉出且静止、测试盒未夹紧、盒内无膜；须接受传输先验；亲水模板须给出湿度系数，疏水模板不接受非零系数',
+                     ['drawer_a.position_m', 'drawer_b.position_m', 'cell_a.clamped', 'cell_b.clamped', 'cell_a.film_mounted', 'cell_b.film_mounted']),
+    'sample.unmount': ('抽屉完全拉出且静止、测试盒未夹紧、盒内有膜', ['drawer_a.position_m', 'drawer_b.position_m', 'cell_a.clamped', 'cell_b.clamped', 'cell_a.film_mounted', 'cell_b.film_mounted']),
+    'cell.load_unload': ('须通电且压板不在行程中；夹紧前抽屉须推到底；松开前该池测试须已结束',
+                         ['power.enabled', 'cell_a.clamp_moving', 'cell_b.clamp_moving', 'cell_a.drawer_closed', 'cell_b.drawer_closed', 'cell_a.clamped', 'cell_b.clamped']
+                         + _PHASES),
+    'test.start': ('须已声明工程参数、气源、仪器参数与该池方法；通电；两路供气表压在厂家范围；该池已夹紧且没有进行中的测试',
+                   ['plant.configured', 'gas.configured', 'instrument.configured', 'cell_a.method_configured', 'cell_b.method_configured', 'power.enabled',
+                    'gas.supply_ok', 'cell_a.clamped', 'cell_b.clamped'] + _PHASES),
+    'test.stop': ('该池有进行中的测试', _PHASES),
+}
+ERROR_ZH = {
+    'INVALID_ARGUMENT': '参数不符合输入结构、类型或范围（或收敛判据与最大周期数矛盾）', 'ACCESS_DENIED': '该角色无权调用，或该池测试属于另一个agent',
+    'REQUEST_CONFLICT': '同一request_id已用于不同的请求', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE': '实例ID不存在', 'UNSUPPORTED': '本配置不提供该功能（理由见function_zh）',
+    'PLANT_ALREADY_CONFIGURED': '工程参数只能声明一次', 'ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED': '未显式接受工程假设、气源声明或传输先验',
+    'THERMAL_TIME_CONSTANT_OUTSIDE_NUMERICAL_DOMAIN': '测试池热时间常数小于5个数值子步，超出数值适用域', 'BUSY': '有进行中的测试，不能改这项配置',
+    'MANUAL_BAROMETER_REQUIRED': '手动气压计模式缺少气压值', 'PLANT_REQUIRED': '尚未声明工程参数（test.start还需要气源声明）',
+    'RH_OUTSIDE_CONTROLLED_RANGE': '湿度目标既不是0也不在5–90%受控范围', 'CARTRIDGE_CLAMPED': '测试盒已夹紧或压板未完全抬起，抽屉不能移动',
+    'FILM_ALREADY_MOUNTED': '测试盒内已有膜样', 'DRAWER_NOT_OPEN': '抽屉未完全拉出、仍在移动或测试盒被夹紧', 'UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE': '模板库中没有该模板',
+    'DIFFUSIVITY_REQUIRED': '模板没有实验扩散系数，且未给出替代值', 'HUMIDITY_COEFFICIENT_NOT_APPLICABLE': '疏水模板不接受非零湿度系数',
+    'HUMIDITY_COEFFICIENT_REQUIRED': '亲水模板装膜时必须给出湿度系数', 'NO_FILM': '测试盒内没有膜样',
+    'POWER_OFF': '未通电时拒绝（无副作用）；运行中断电使测试以POWER_OFF取消（已记录读数保留）', 'CLAMP_BUSY': '压板正在动作',
+    'TEST_ACTIVE': '该池测试进行中，不能松开', 'DRAWER_NOT_CLOSED': '抽屉未推到底，不能夹紧', 'METHOD_REQUIRED': '未设定仪器参数或该池测试方法',
+    'GAS_SUPPLY_PRESSURE_OUT_OF_RANGE': '载气或测试气供气表压不在厂家范围', 'CELL_NOT_CLAMPED': '该池未夹紧', 'NOT_RUNNING': '该池没有进行中的测试',
+    'USER_CANCEL': '测试被停止或取消（已记录读数保留）', 'SENSOR_OVER_RANGE': '传感器超量程保护使测试失败（池通道：该池；ReZero通道：全部进行中的测试）',
+    'TOO_MANY_READINGS': '读数达到5000条记录上限，测试失败',
+}
+_COMMON_ERRORS = ['INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE']
+_GUARDED = {'test.stop', 'test.result', 'test.configure', 'cell.load_unload', 'thermal.set_temperature', 'humidity.set', 'instrument.configure', 'power.set'}
+
+
+def _errors_of(k):
+    """Codes the Session can return for capability k: schema/idempotency/instance errors, ACCESS_DENIED only for evaluator
+    capabilities or the foreign-test guard, then the runtime's own rejections (and asynchronous terminal reasons)."""
+    if k in UNSUPPORTED:
+        return ['UNSUPPORTED'] + _COMMON_ERRORS
+    access = ['ACCESS_DENIED'] if (CAPS[k]['visibility'] != 'agent' or k in _GUARDED) else []
+    return _COMMON_ERRORS + access + CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])
+CAP_ERRORS = {
+    'plant.configure': ['PLANT_ALREADY_CONFIGURED', 'ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED', 'THERMAL_TIME_CONSTANT_OUTSIDE_NUMERICAL_DOMAIN'],
+    'gas.configure': ['ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED', 'BUSY'], 'instrument.configure': ['MANUAL_BAROMETER_REQUIRED', 'BUSY'], 'test.configure': ['BUSY'],
+    'power.set': ['PLANT_REQUIRED'], 'thermal.set_temperature': ['PLANT_REQUIRED'], 'humidity.set': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'RH_OUTSIDE_CONTROLLED_RANGE'],
+    'drawer.move': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'CARTRIDGE_CLAMPED'],
+    'sample.mount': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'FILM_ALREADY_MOUNTED', 'DRAWER_NOT_OPEN', 'ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED', 'UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE', 'DIFFUSIVITY_REQUIRED',
+                     'HUMIDITY_COEFFICIENT_NOT_APPLICABLE', 'HUMIDITY_COEFFICIENT_REQUIRED'],
+    'sample.unmount': ['NO_FILM', 'DRAWER_NOT_OPEN'], 'cell.load_unload': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'CLAMP_BUSY', 'TEST_ACTIVE', 'DRAWER_NOT_CLOSED'],
+    'test.start': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'METHOD_REQUIRED', 'GAS_SUPPLY_PRESSURE_OUT_OF_RANGE', 'CELL_NOT_CLAMPED', 'BUSY', 'USER_CANCEL', 'SENSOR_OVER_RANGE',
+                   'TOO_MANY_READINGS'],
+    'test.stop': ['NOT_RUNNING'],
+}
+_PARTIAL = {'USER_CANCEL', 'POWER_OFF', 'SENSOR_OVER_RANGE', 'TOO_MANY_READINGS'}
+_MAN, _BRO, _PAGE, _CERT, _M228, _ASTM = ('manufacturer_primary', 'manufacturer_brochure_2025', 'manufacturer_product_page', 'manufacturer_certified_film_instructions',
+                                          'related_model_manual_228', 'astm_d3985')
+CAP_SOURCES = {       # documents each capability's behaviour (or its unsupported status) rests on; ids are registered in the contract sources
+    'plant.configure': ['simulation_assumption', _M228], 'gas.configure': [_PAGE, _M228, 'simulation_assumption'], 'instrument.configure': [_M228, _CERT],
+    'test.configure': [_CERT, _M228, _MAN], 'power.set': [_PAGE, 'simulation_assumption'], 'thermal.set_temperature': [_MAN, _BRO, _M228, 'simulation_assumption'],
+    'humidity.set': ['user_workbook', _MAN, _BRO, 'simulation_assumption'], 'drawer.move': [_PAGE, _M228, 'geometry', 'simulation_assumption'],
+    'sample.mount': ['template_library', 'template_source_polyverse', _PAGE, 'simulation_assumption'], 'sample.unmount': ['template_library', 'simulation_assumption'],
+    'cell.load_unload': [_PAGE, _M228], 'test.start': [_MAN, _CERT, _M228, _ASTM, 'template_library', 'simulation_assumption'], 'test.stop': [_M228],
+    'test.result': [_MAN, _M228, _ASTM], 'analysis.otr': [_ASTM, _M228], 'ledger.read': ['simulation_assumption', 'runtime_code'],
+    'provenance.read': ['template_library', 'template_source_polyverse'], 'sim.step': ['runtime_code', 'simulation_assumption'],
+    'hardware.connect': [_PAGE], 'robot.mount_film': ['simulation_assumption'], 'package.test': [_PAGE, _MAN], 'cartridge.reduced_area': [_PAGE, _MAN],
+    'cartridge.edge_effect': [_PAGE, _MAN], 'cartridge.blister': [_PAGE, _MAN], 'test_mode.convergence_by_hours': [_PAGE, _BRO], 'test.qc_mode': [_PAGE, _BRO],
+    'test.auto_method': [_PAGE, _BRO], 'test.sequencing': [_PAGE, _BRO], 'report.export': [_PAGE, _BRO], 'accuracy.certification': [_CERT, _ASTM],
+    'sensor.adjust': [_CERT, _PAGE, _M228]}
+_RESULT_SLOTS = ['cell_a.phase', 'cell_b.phase', 'cell_a.exam_count', 'cell_b.exam_count', 'cell_a.last_otr_mol_m2_s', 'cell_b.last_otr_mol_m2_s',
+                 'cell_a.final_otr_mol_m2_s', 'cell_b.final_otr_mol_m2_s']
+OBSERVES = {
+    'plant.configure': ['plant.configured'], 'gas.configure': ['gas.configured', 'gas.supply_ok'], 'instrument.configure': ['instrument.configured'],
+    'power.set': ['power.enabled'], 'thermal.set_temperature': ['thermal.target_k', 'thermal.indicated_k'],
+    'humidity.set': ['humidity.target_fraction', 'humidity.indicated_fraction'],
+    'drawer.move': ['drawer_a.position_m', 'drawer_b.position_m', 'cell_a.drawer_closed', 'cell_b.drawer_closed'],
+    'sample.mount': ['cell_a.film_mounted', 'cell_b.film_mounted'], 'sample.unmount': ['cell_a.film_mounted', 'cell_b.film_mounted'],
+    'cell.load_unload': ['cell_a.clamped', 'cell_b.clamped', 'cell_a.clamp_moving', 'cell_b.clamp_moving', 'cell_a.indicator_on', 'cell_b.indicator_on'],
+    'test.configure': ['cell_a.method_configured', 'cell_b.method_configured'],
+    'test.start': _RESULT_SLOTS + ['sensor.route', 'sequence.slot_remaining_s'], 'test.stop': _RESULT_SLOTS, 'test.result': _RESULT_SLOTS,
+    'sim.step': ['clock.time_s'],
+}
+PARAM_ZH = {
+    'ambient_k': '实验室环境温度', 'ambient_rh': '实验室环境相对湿度（决定装膜时膜内溶解氧与环境渗入的O₂分压）', 'barometric_pa': '实验室大气压（绝对）',
+    'block_heat_capacity_j_k': '测试池块集中热容', 'block_loss_w_k': '测试池块对环境的散热系数', 'tec_max_w': '热电模块最大加热/制冷功率',
+    'controller_gain_w_k': '温控PI比例增益', 'controller_integral_s': '温控PI积分时间', 'temperature_sensor_bias_k': '池温传感器静态偏差（在±0.2K内）',
+    'rh_time_constant_s': '湿度发生器一阶时间常数', 'rh_bias': '湿度静态偏差（在±4%RH内）', 'test_chamber_volume_m3': '每池测试气腔全混体积',
+    'carrier_chamber_volume_m3': '每池载气腔全混体积', 'test_gas_flow_sccm_per_cell': '每池测试气流量（标准状态）', 'catalyst_removal_efficiency': '载气催化除氧效率（H₂≥1%时有效）',
+    'edge_leak_mol_s_pa': '测试盒边缘泄漏导通（按测试侧O₂分压）', 'ambient_ingress_mol_s_pa': '环境向载气侧的渗入导通（TruSeal冲洗前）',
+    'truseal_flush_efficiency': 'TruSeal双密封冲洗对环境渗入的去除比例', 'rezero_path_leak_mol_s': 'ReZero路径的O₂漏入速率', 'sensor_time_constant_s': 'Coulox传感器一阶响应时间常数',
+    'sensor_efficiency': '传感器O₂还原效率', 'sensor_background_a': '传感器背景电流', 'sensor_noise_a': '传感器加性噪声标准差', 'sensor_relative_noise': '传感器比例噪声标准差',
+    'noise_seed': '噪声随机数种子', 'clamp_actuation_s': '气动压板全行程时间', 'drawer_speed_m_s': '宿主拉/推抽屉的速度', 'carrier_total_flow_sccm': '整机载气总消耗流量（标准状态）',
+    'test_total_flow_sccm': '整机测试气总消耗流量（标准状态）', 'accept_engineering': '宿主显式接受以上工程参数', 'carrier_h2_fraction': '载气中H₂份额（厂家98/2 N₂/H₂）',
+    'carrier_o2_impurity_fraction': '载气钢瓶O₂杂质份额', 'carrier_supply_gauge_pa': '载气供气表压', 'test_o2_fraction': '测试气O₂份额（≥99.9%或空气）',
+    'test_supply_gauge_pa': '测试气供气表压', 'accept_gas_supply': '宿主显式接受气源声明', 'thickness_m': '膜样实际厚度', 'exposed_area_m2': '膜样暴露面积（箔掩膜可缩小）',
+    'permeability_override_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa': '宿主替代的298K渗透系数', 'diffusivity_override_m2_s': '宿主替代的298K扩散系数',
+    'permeability_activation_energy_j_mol': '渗透系数的Arrhenius活化能', 'diffusivity_activation_energy_j_mol': '扩散系数的Arrhenius活化能',
+    'humidity_coefficient': '亲水聚合物的湿度塑化系数β（P、D乘exp(β·a_w)）', 'accept_transport_assumptions': '宿主显式接受膜传输先验',
+    'cycles': '标准模式检测周期数', 'exam_minutes': '每个检测时段长度', 'conditioning_hours': '调理时间（传感器旁路、测试气已通）',
+    'convergence_percent': '收敛判据：相邻检测相对变化上限', 'convergence_count': '收敛判据：连续满足的检测次数', 'max_cycles': '收敛模式最大检测周期数',
+    'declared_area_m2': '报告用的声明面积', 'declared_thickness_m': '报告渗透率用的声明厚度', 'temperature_tolerance_k': '测试期间允许的池温偏差',
+    'permeant_concentration_percent': '测试气渗透物浓度（归一到100% O₂）', 'rezero_enabled': '是否启用ReZero基线', 'rezero_frequency': '每几个池时段做一次ReZero',
+    'rezero_exam_minutes': 'ReZero时段长度', 'manual_barometer_pa': '手动输入的气压',
+}
+NULLABLE_ZH = {'permeability_override_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa': 'null=用模板298K渗透系数', 'diffusivity_override_m2_s': 'null=用模板扩散系数，模板无D时必须给出',
+               'humidity_coefficient': '疏水模板必须为null或0，亲水模板装膜时必须给出', 'declared_thickness_m': 'null=不报告渗透率',
+               'manual_barometer_pa': 'null=用内置气压计（自动模式）'}
+_CELL_SLOTS = lambda k: [f'cell_{c}.{k}' for c in 'ab']   # noqa: E731
+EFFECTS = {
+    'plant.configure': ['plant.configured', 'thermal.target_k', 'truth.block_temperature_k'],
+    'gas.configure': ['gas.configured', 'gas.supply_ok'],
+    'instrument.configure': ['instrument.configured'],
+    'test.configure': _CELL_SLOTS('method_configured'),
+    'power.set': ['power.enabled', 'power.angle_rad', 'thermal.indicated_k', 'humidity.indicated_fraction', 'barometer.indicated_pa', 'sensor.raw_counts', 'sensor.route',
+                  'sequence.slot_remaining_s', 'truth.tec_power_w'] + _CELL_SLOTS('phase') + _CELL_SLOTS('indicator_on') + _CELL_SLOTS('final_otr_mol_m2_s') + _CELL_SLOTS('clamped')
+                 + _CELL_SLOTS('clamp_moving') + [f'truth.cell_{c}.{k}' for c in 'ab' for k in ('carrier_side_o2_mol', 'test_side_o2_pa')] + ['truth.sensor_current_a'],
+    'thermal.set_temperature': ['thermal.target_k'],
+    'humidity.set': ['humidity.target_fraction'],
+    'drawer.move': _CELL_SLOTS('drawer_closed'),
+    'sample.mount': _CELL_SLOTS('film_mounted') + [f'truth.cell_{c}.film_o2_mol' for c in 'ab'],
+    'sample.unmount': _CELL_SLOTS('film_mounted') + [f'truth.cell_{c}.film_o2_mol' for c in 'ab'],
+    'cell.load_unload': _CELL_SLOTS('clamped') + _CELL_SLOTS('indicator_on') + _CELL_SLOTS('clamp_moving'),
+    'test.start': _CELL_SLOTS('phase') + _CELL_SLOTS('exam_count') + _CELL_SLOTS('last_otr_mol_m2_s') + ['sensor.route', 'sequence.slot_remaining_s'],
+    'test.stop': _CELL_SLOTS('phase') + _CELL_SLOTS('final_otr_mol_m2_s') + ['sensor.route'],
+    'sim.step': list(SLOTS),
+}
+for _k, _v in EFFECTS.items():
+    CAPS[_k]['effects'] = _v
+ERRORS = sorted(set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_0-9]+)'", Path(__file__).read_text())) |
+                {'USER_CANCEL', 'OPERATOR_STOP', 'POWER_OFF', 'SENSOR_OVER_RANGE', 'TEST_COMPLETE', 'TOO_MANY_READINGS'})
+ASYNC = {'test.start'}
+LIMITATIONS = [
+    '选定OX-TRAN 2/22 L两池型、标准50cm²可拆卸水平测试盒；未选缩小面积(5.64cm²)/边缘效应/泡罩测试盒、整包测试适配器、PermWare与PERM-NET Lite；不建模Auto-Test、QC模式、顺序测试与报告导出。',
+    '厂家规格（L型50cm²）：量程0.005–200cc/(m²·day)、整包0.000025–1.0cc/(pkg·day)、温度10–40°C±0.2°C、膜厚≤120mil；分辨率按调研表取0.002cc/(m²·day)（2025规格书/产品页为0.0001），RH按调研表取5–90%±4%（2025规格书为0%/30–90%±3%，产品页为0–90%±3%），冲突记录在source_evidence.json；0%RH作为干气测试另行允许（认证膜说明）。',
+    '测试池块为集中热节点，热电模块可加热/制冷；热容、散热、功率上限与PI参数为宿主工程参数，缺省值按同机身2/28手册“约60分钟到达40°C设定的99%”调校；控温以自身（带±0.2K内静态偏差的）传感器为准，因此真实池温=设定值−偏差、显示值=设定值。',
+    '湿度发生器为一阶响应加静态偏差（±4%内），加湿原理与水源未公开；湿测试气按道尔顿分压稀释O₂驱动压（p_O₂=y·(P−p_w)），仪器报告不对此稀释作修正（工程判断）。',
+    '膜为一维Fick扩散：P、D取所选模板在298K的实验值（polyVERSE汇编），S=P/D；温度按宿主给定的活化能Arrhenius外推（缺省45kJ/mol，约6%/K，处于厂家“6–15%/°C”下限）；模板库的D·S与P不一致时以P与D为准。亲水聚合物的湿度塑化系数必须由宿主显式给出，疏水聚合物湿度影响按零处理（假设）；未建模结晶度、取向、涂层分层、非Fick溶胀或浓度依赖扩散。',
+    '载气腔、测试气腔为全混体积（宿主给定体积与流量）；边缘泄漏∝测试侧O₂分压，环境渗入按TruSeal冲洗效率折减；单池零点在测试侧改通载气后测量，可扣除环境渗入但不能扣除与测试气分压成正比的边缘泄漏；空测试盒按开放窗口大导通处理（通常触发传感器超量程）。',
+    'Coulox传感器按法拉第定律（1cc/day≈0.000199A）、一阶响应、背景电流、效率、10pA计数量化与宿主噪声建模；噪声为一阶相关（相关时间=传感器时间常数）的加性与比例噪声，面板原始计数、检测与ReZero读数取自同一测量信号；测得电流超过量程上限1.25倍即旁路保护（检测滞后不超过一个≤10s子步）：池通道超量程使该池测试失败，ReZero通道超量程使所有进行中的测试失败（2/28手册），该时段不再接回；电流回落到阈值一半后解除，下一时段恢复轮换；传感器寿命/电解液消耗未建模。',
+    '调研表把“载气和测试气流”列为操作设置：本资产载气固定为每池10sccm（认证膜说明规定的设定值），测试气每池流量与两路总流量是宿主（evaluator）的工程参数，agent不能改流量；流量计、针阀和流量报警未建模。',
+    '检测序列按固定时段A、B、Z轮换（ReZero频率=每N个池时段一次ReZero），空闲池的时段以旁路计时；该排法由认证膜说明中“周期数/测试小时”的比例推断，厂家帮助系统不可得。报告OTR=(I检测−I_ReZero)/(4F)/面积×760mmHg/P大气×100/渗透物浓度，并按调研表分辨率量化；2/22没有公开的用户增益调整（认证膜超差需送修），sensor.adjust为unsupported。',
+    '连续模式由操作者test.stop结束（有结束零点则先测零点）；标准/收敛模式中途test.stop为终止；异步操作的cancel总是中止。测试中温度或湿度设定改变或显示值偏离容差时结果分别标为temperature/humidity_out_of_tolerance。收敛模式按最近N次相对变化≤阈值判定（阈值与N由方法给出，厂家精确算法未公开）；重复性按“0.002cc/(m²·day)或1%取大”判定（掩膜时绝对项与读数量化一样按50cm²/覆盖面积放大）；名义渗透量/渗透率=OTR/101325Pa（及×声明厚度），未扣除湿气稀释。',
+    '抽屉拉出/推回、装膜/取膜为宿主代理（不是机器人接触验证）；夹紧为气动一键动作；断电时压板停在当前位置，未完成的行程视为未密封（载气腔与空气相通），压板未完全抬起时抽屉不能拉出（工程假设）；盖板只是被动场景关节。',
+    'agent只能看到带噪声的量化计数、显示温湿度、气压、检测读数与结果；真实通量、膜内含氧、腔体分压、真实湿度与温度、所选模板身份只对evaluator可见；test.result对所有角色隐去模板身份；亲水模板的湿度系数在装膜时由宿主给出，agent的湿度设定不会因模板类别被拒。某个agent启动的测试，其他agent不能停止、读取完整记录（test.result）、改配置、改该池夹紧，也不能在其运行时改温度、湿度、仪器参数或断电；各池阶段、检测次数、最近与最终OTR属于前面板公开显示，所有操作者可见。',
+    '时间推进为事件对齐的子步（≤10s；膜内再按扩散时间细分）：膜与载气腔在同一隐式方程组中求解（对任意渗透率与腔体体积无条件稳定、非负）；O₂物质账按求解器的真实界面通量、吹扫出流与传感器电荷（含在途量）记账，热量账按指数解析积分记账，均用补偿求和，因此残差是对积分器的真实守恒检查而不是恒等式；不同step切分只造成传感器噪声抽样时刻外的微小数值差。',
+    '只有传感器整段接在该气流上的检测时段才记录读数或ReZero：调理在时段中途结束、测试在时段中途开始或超量程恢复后的剩余时段不计。无载气压力时载气腔不吹扫、传感器无进气；无测试气压力时测试腔不换气。更换气源或断电后先重新测ReZero；启用ReZero时没有基线就先排ReZero时段，不会做无基线的检测。',
+    '没有真实硬件、WinPerm 2界面、认证膜实测、NIST溯源或ASTM D3985精密度验证；模板为文献汇编的干气P、D，不是OX-TRAN原生测试文件。',
+]
+
+
+def export_ametek_oxtran_contract_metadata():
+    slots = {}
+    caps = {}
+    for k, v in SLOTS.items():
+        slots[k] = dict(meaning_zh=v['meaning'], component_ids=[v['component']], value_schema=copy.deepcopy(v['schema']), unit=v['unit'],
+                        reference_conditions=v['reference'], origin=v['origin'], visibility=v['visibility'],
+                        access='read_write' if k in WRITE_VIA else 'read_only',
+                        read_binding=dict(backend='host', artifact_id='runtime', accessor=f'AmetekOxtranSession.read(state_ids=[{k!r}])'),
+                        write_via=None if k not in WRITE_VIA else dict(capability_id=WRITE_VIA[k][0], argument=WRITE_VIA[k][1], fixed_arguments={}),
+                        sampling=dict(mode='instant', time_domain='simulation',
+                                      window_description='Pure read; sensor counts 10 pA, display 0.01 K / 0.001 RH / 10 Pa quantisation; exam readings at the end of each exam slot.'),
+                        source_ids=['simulation_assumption'])
+    for k, v in CAPS.items():
+        un = k in UNSUPPORTED
+        async_ = k in ASYNC
+        c = {key: copy.deepcopy(v[key]) for key in ['input_schema', 'output_schema', 'component_ids', 'function_zh', 'kind', 'visibility', 'example_arguments']}
+        c.update(availability='unsupported' if un else 'implemented',
+                 implementation={layer: 'absent' if un or layer in ('scene', 'robot', 'hardware') else 'implemented' for layer in ['process', 'scene', 'robot', 'hardware', 'host']},
+                 binding=None if un else dict(backend='host', artifact_id='runtime', entrypoint='asset_runtime.ametek_oxtran.AmetekOxtranSession.invoke',
+                                              invocation=f'session.invoke(instance_id="oxtran_01",capability_id={k!r},arguments={v["example_arguments"]!r},request_id="unique")'),
+                 preconditions=[] if un or k not in PRECONDITIONS else [dict(
+                     description_zh=PRECONDITIONS[k][0] + '；被拒时状态不变。', state_ids=list(PRECONDITIONS[k][1]), enforced_by='runtime', check='AmetekOxtranRuntime.invoke')],
+                 state_effects=[dict(state_id=s, timing='on_step' if k == 'sim.step' else 'immediate', description_zh='设定或操作标志；温湿度、扩散、传感器与检测序列只随step推进')
+                                for s in v['effects']],
+                 observes=[] if un else list(OBSERVES.get(k, [])), model_effects=dict(mode='none', description_zh='运行层只输出状态，由场景层绑定关节与读数', binding_ids=[]),
+                 execution=dict(mode='asynchronous' if async_ else 'synchronous', time_domain='simulation',
+                                completion_criterion='按方法达到N周期/收敛/单池零点结束（或停止/超量程/断电）' if async_ else '原子配置或外部动作请求，实际状态由step推进',
+                                completion_state_ids=['cell_a.phase', 'cell_b.phase'] if async_ else [], timeout_s=None, cancellation='supported' if async_ else 'unsupported',
+                                retry='same_request_id', resources=['host_clock', 'test_cell', 'coulox_sensor', 'flow_controllers'],
+                                partial_failure_zh='停止/断电/超量程只终止该池检测序列；已记录读数、ReZero记录与膜内状态保留，测试气切回载气冲洗。'),
+                 errors=[dict(code=e, meaning_zh=ERROR_ZH[e], side_effects='partial' if async_ and e in _PARTIAL else 'none')
+                         for e in _errors_of(k)],
+                 verification=[], limitations=list(LIMITATIONS), source_ids=list(CAP_SOURCES[k]))
+        if k in ('test.start', 'cell.load_unload', 'drawer.move', 'thermal.set_temperature', 'humidity.set', 'power.set', 'sample.mount'):
+            c['state_effects'] += [dict(state_id=s, timing='on_step', description_zh='由统一宿主时钟推进温湿度、机械动作、扩散、腔体吹扫、传感器与检测序列')
+                                   for s in SLOTS if s not in v['effects'] and SLOTS[s]['origin'] in ('sensor', 'derived', 'scene', 'process_truth')]
+        caps[k] = c
+    mechanism = dict(
+        component_ids=['thermal_module', 'rh_generator', 'cartridge_a', 'cartridge_b', 'film_a', 'film_b', 'cell_head_a', 'cell_head_b', 'coulox_sensor',
+                       'rezero_cell', 'flow_controllers', 'catalyst_converter', 'barometer', 'controller_board'],
+        state_ids=list(slots), meaning_zh='测试池热电控温与湿度发生、膜内一维Fick扩散（Arrhenius与水活度修正）、载气/测试气腔吹扫、边缘泄漏与环境渗入、库仑传感器与ReZero基线、检测序列与OTR归一',
+        implementation='lumped',
+        equations=['C_b dT/dt = Q_tec - G (T - T_amb) ; Q_tec = clamp(Kp e + I, -Q_max, Q_max) (conditional integration), exact exponential update per sub-step',
+                   'dc/dt = D d2c/dx2 in the film ; c(0) = S p_up, c(L) = S p_dn ; P(T,aw) = P_ref exp(-E_P/R (1/T - 1/T_ref) + beta aw), D likewise, S = P/D ; backward-Euler finite volume (exactly conservative)',
+                   'p_up -> y_O2 (P_baro - RH p_sat(T)) during conditioning/testing (0 when flushed with carrier), first order with tau = V_t/F_t',
+                   'dn_h/dt = J_film A + k_edge p_up + k_amb (1 - eta_flush) p_O2,air + x_res n_c - (F_c/V_h) n_h (film and chamber solved in one backward-Euler tridiagonal system; F_c = 0 without carrier supply)',
+                   'I_sensor -> 4 F eta n_in + I_bg, first order tau_s ; counts = I / 10 pA ; 1 cc/day = 0.000199 A',
+                   'OTR = (I_exam - I_rezero)/(4F) / A x 760 mmHg / P_baro x 100 / permeant%, quantised to 0.002 cc/(m2 day) at 50 cm2',
+                   'final OTR = mean(last N exams) - individual zero ; repeatability allowance = max(0.002 cc/(m2 day), 1 %)'],
+        parameters={}, source_ids=['simulation_assumption', 'template_library'], limitations=list(LIMITATIONS))
+    import importlib.util
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('_oxtran_local_annotations', ROOT / 'scripts/asset_runtime/_annotations.py')
+    ann = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(ann)
+    ann.KEY_ZH.update({k: v['meaning'] for k, v in SLOTS.items()})
+    ann.PARAM_ZH.update(PARAM_ZH)
+    ann.annotate_export(SLUG, caps, slots, {'oxygen_permeation': mechanism},
+                        inputs={'plant.configure': (PLANT, PLANT_EXAMPLE), 'gas.configure': (GAS, GAS_EXAMPLE), 'sample.mount': (MOUNT, MOUNT_EXAMPLE),
+                                'test.configure': (TEST_CFG, TEST_CFG_EXAMPLE), 'instrument.configure': (INSTRUMENT, INSTRUMENT_EXAMPLE)})
+    params = mechanism['parameters']
+    for cap_name, (schema, example) in (('sample.mount', (MOUNT, MOUNT_EXAMPLE)), ('test.configure', (TEST_CFG, TEST_CFG_EXAMPLE)),
+                                        ('instrument.configure', (INSTRUMENT, INSTRUMENT_EXAMPLE))):
+        for name, prop in schema['properties'].items():
+            if name in params or 'anyOf' not in prop:
+                continue
+            base = next(x for x in prop['anyOf'] if x.get('type') != 'null')
+            params[name] = dict(value=example.get(name), unit=base.get('x-unit', '1'),
+                                meaning_zh=f'{PARAM_ZH.get(name, name)}；宿主在 {cap_name} 显式输入，可为null（{NULLABLE_ZH[name]}）；此处登记示例值，非厂家标定或实测。',
+                                evidence='assumption', source_ids=['simulation_assumption'],
+                                uncertainty=f"schema 允许 {base.get('minimum')}–{base.get('maximum')} {base.get('x-unit', '1')} 或 null")
+    for k, v in SLOTS.items():
+        slots[k]['meaning_zh'] = v['meaning']
+        if v['reference']:
+            slots[k]['reference_conditions'] = v['reference']
+    return dict(asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID, catalog_id=CATALOG_ID, capabilities=caps, state_slots=slots, mechanisms={'oxygen_permeation': mechanism})
diff --git a/scripts/asset_runtime/lakeshore_8604vsm.py b/scripts/asset_runtime/lakeshore_8604vsm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f32bf827027712703a13994a0c9336ee14f50a76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/asset_runtime/lakeshore_8604vsm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+"""Lake Shore8604, room-temperature86-LC/standard poles/ExactGAP2.
+SI magnetic moment A m2 (1 emu=1e-3 A m2). Rate-limited external B,
+explicit interval-mean lock-in observations, synthetic Preisach memory when
+requested, and separately conserved electrical/magnetic/passive-thermal energy.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+PROTOCOL_VERSION='1.0.0';SLUG='lakeshore_8604vsm';ASSET_TYPE_ID='instrument.'+SLUG;CATALOG_ID='CHEM-143'
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2];ASSET=ROOT/'assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal'/SLUG;LIBRARY_PATH=ASSET/'magnetic_library.json'
+MU0=4e-7*math.pi;MAX_FIELD_T=2.37;FIELD_RESOLUTION_T=1e-7;MIN_MOMENT_A_M2=2.5e-11;MAX_MOMENT_A_M2=1.
+class ActionRejected(ValueError):pass
+
+def number(unit='1',lo=None,hi=None):
+    s={'type':'number','x-unit':unit}
+    if lo is not None:s['minimum']=lo
+    if hi is not None:s['maximum']=hi
+    return s
+
+def obj(properties):return dict(type='object',properties=properties,required=list(properties),additionalProperties=False)
+def nullable(s):return {'anyOf':[s,{'type':'null'}]}
+def array(s,minimum=0,maximum=200001):return dict(type='array',items=s,minItems=minimum,maxItems=maximum)
+def enum(items):return {'type':'string','enum':items}
+BOOL={'type':'boolean'};TEXT={'type':'string'};PHASE=enum(['idle','running','succeeded','cancelled','failed'])
+
+def validate(s,v):
+    if 'anyOf' in s:
+        for o in s['anyOf']:
+            try:validate(o,v);return
+            except ActionRejected:pass
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    k=s.get('type')
+    if k in ('number','integer'):
+        if isinstance(v,bool) or not isinstance(v,(int,float)) or not math.isfinite(v) or k=='integer' and type(v) is not int or not s.get('minimum',-math.inf)<=v<=s.get('maximum',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='object':
+        if not isinstance(v,dict) or set(v)!=set(s['properties']):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for key,value in v.items():validate(s['properties'][key],value)
+    elif k=='array':
+        if not isinstance(v,list) or not s.get('minItems',0)<=len(v)<=s.get('maxItems',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for x in v:validate(s['items'],x)
+    elif k=='boolean' and type(v) is not bool:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='string' and not isinstance(v,str):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='null' and v is not None:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    if 'enum' in s and v not in s['enum']:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+
+
+def library():return {x['id']:x for x in json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())['templates']}
+def quant(value,resolution):return float(round(value/resolution)*resolution)
+def weighted_exponential_integrals(dt,tau):
+    x=dt/tau
+    if x<.5:
+        out=[]
+        for n in range(3):
+            term=1/(n+1);total=term
+            for k in range(1,30):term*=-x/(n+k+1);total+=term
+            out.append(dt**(n+1)*total)
+        return out
+    j0=-tau*math.expm1(-x);j1=tau*dt-tau*j0;return j0,j1,tau*dt*dt-2*tau*j1
+
+def infer_moment(voltage_v,sensitivity_v_per_a_m2,calibration_gain,calibration_offset_v):
+    if sensitivity_v_per_a_m2<=0 or calibration_gain<=0:raise ActionRejected('CALIBRATION_INVALID')
+    return (voltage_v-calibration_offset_v)*calibration_gain/sensitivity_v_per_a_m2
+
+def analyze_loop(rows):
+    if len(rows)<3 or any(x['moment_a_m2'] is None for x in rows):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_OBSERVATIONS')
+    crossings=[];remanence=[]
+    for a,b in zip(rows,rows[1:]):
+        b0,b1=a['field_t'],b['field_t'];m0,m1=a['moment_a_m2'],b['moment_a_m2'];direction='ascending' if b1>b0 else 'descending'
+        if b0==b1:continue
+        if m0*m1<=0 and m0!=m1:
+            value=b0-m0*(b1-b0)/(m1-m0);crossings.append(dict(field_t=value,external_h_a_m=value/MU0,direction=direction))
+        if b0*b1<=0:
+            value=m0-b0*(m1-m0)/(b1-b0);remanence.append(dict(moment_a_m2=value,direction=direction))
+    area=float(sum((a['field_t']+b['field_t'])*.5*(b['moment_a_m2']-a['moment_a_m2']) for a,b in zip(rows,rows[1:])))
+    return dict(coercive_crossings=crossings,remanence_estimates=remanence,observed_b_dm_j=area,evidence='external_observations_linear_zero_crossings; applied_B_over_mu0_is_external_H_not_demagnetization_corrected_internal_H; open_path_integral_not_necessarily_cycle_loss')
+
+def analyze_forc(rows):
+    valid=[r for r in rows if r['reversal_field_t'] is not None]
+    if len(valid)<6 or any(r['moment_a_m2'] is None for r in valid):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_OBSERVATIONS')
+    x=np.array([[r['field_t'],r['reversal_field_t']] for r in valid]);y=np.array([r['moment_a_m2'] for r in valid]);scale=float(np.ptp(x,axis=0).max())
+    if scale<=0 or len(set(x[:,1]))<3:raise ActionRejected('FORC_GRID_REQUIRED')
+    out=[]
+    for i,point in enumerate(x):
+        ids=np.argsort(np.linalg.norm(x-point,axis=1))[:min(15,len(x))];q=(x[ids]-point)/scale;A=np.column_stack([np.ones(len(q)),q[:,0],q[:,1],q[:,0]**2,q[:,0]*q[:,1],q[:,1]**2])
+        if np.linalg.matrix_rank(A)<6:continue
+        c=np.linalg.lstsq(A,y[ids],rcond=None)[0];out.append(dict(field_t=float(point[0]),reversal_field_t=float(point[1]),coercive_coordinate_t=float((point[0]-point[1])/2),interaction_coordinate_t=float((point[0]+point[1])/2),density_a_m2_per_t2=float(-.5*c[4]/scale**2),fit_residual_a_m2=float(np.sqrt(np.mean((A@c-y[ids])**2))),neighbours=len(ids)))
+    if not out:raise ActionRejected('FORC_GRID_REQUIRED')
+    return dict(distribution=out,evidence='local_quadratic_fit_to_external_FORC_observations; rho=-0.5*d2m/(dB*dBr); SI_A_m2_per_T2; not_unique_material_microstructure_or_FORCinel_reproduction')
+
+PLANT_EXAMPLE=dict(ambient_k=300.,field_per_current_t_a=.04,coil_inductance_h=.05,coil_resistance_ohm=.25,magnet_thermal_capacity_j_k=5000.,magnet_cooling_conductance_w_k=50.,sample_local_capacity_j_k=.01,sample_conductance_w_k=.01,pickup_coupling_wb_per_a_m3=.1,voltage_gain=1.03,voltage_offset_v=2e-7,detector_tau_s=.01,lift_speed_m_s=.1,rotation_speed_rad_s=1.,drawer_speed_m_s=.1,accept_engineering=True)
+PLANT=obj({k:(BOOL if type(v) is bool else number({'ambient_k':'K','field_per_current_t_a':'T/A','coil_inductance_h':'H','coil_resistance_ohm':'ohm','magnet_thermal_capacity_j_k':'J/K','magnet_cooling_conductance_w_k':'W/K','sample_local_capacity_j_k':'J/K','sample_conductance_w_k':'W/K','pickup_coupling_wb_per_a_m3':'Wb/(A*m^3)','voltage_gain':'1','voltage_offset_v':'V','detector_tau_s':'s','lift_speed_m_s':'m/s','rotation_speed_rad_s':'rad/s','drawer_speed_m_s':'m/s'}[k], -1. if k=='voltage_offset_v' else 1e-12)) for k,v in PLANT_EXAMPLE.items()})
+PLANT['properties']['ambient_k']=number('K',285,303)
+VIBRATION_EXAMPLE=dict(enabled=True,amplitude_m=.0005,frequency_hz=82.)
+VIBRATION=obj(dict(enabled=BOOL,amplitude_m=number('m',1e-6,.001),frequency_hz=number('Hz',1,200)))
+COIL_EXAMPLE=dict(nominal_coupling_wb_per_a_m3=.1,moment_range_a_m2=.01)
+COIL=obj(dict(nominal_coupling_wb_per_a_m3=number('Wb/(A*m^3)',1e-10,1e6),moment_range_a_m2=number('A*m^2',MIN_MOMENT_A_M2,MAX_MOMENT_A_M2)))
+RELAY=obj(dict(coercive_field_t=number('T',1e-8,10),bias_field_t=number('T',-10,10),weight=number('1',1e-12,1),initial_sign={'type':'integer','enum':[-1,1],'x-unit':'1'}))
+RELAYS_EXAMPLE=[dict(coercive_field_t=v,bias_field_t=0.,weight=1/5,initial_sign=-1) for v in [.02,.035,.05,.065,.08]]
+SAMPLE_EXAMPLE=dict(reference_id='kuleuven_cf_300k',mass_kg=5e-5,volume_m3=math.pi*(.001)**2*.002,specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k=650.,initial_temperature_k=300.,temperature_tolerance_k=.5,linear_valid_max_field_t=.6,magnetic_model='preisach_proxy',proxy_specific_moment_a_m2_kg=None,relays=RELAYS_EXAMPLE,accept_engineering_assumptions=True)
+SAMPLE=obj(dict(reference_id=TEXT,mass_kg=number('kg',0,.01),volume_m3=number('m^3',1e-15,1e-5),specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k=number('J/(kg*K)',1,1e5),initial_temperature_k=number('K',285,303),temperature_tolerance_k=number('K',0,5),linear_valid_max_field_t=number('T',1e-7,MAX_FIELD_T),magnetic_model=enum(['linear_susceptibility','preisach_proxy']),proxy_specific_moment_a_m2_kg=nullable(number('A*m^2/kg',0,1e5)),relays=array(RELAY,1,1000),accept_engineering_assumptions=BOOL))
+STANDARD_EXAMPLE=dict(mass_kg=.00006316,volume_m3=math.pi/6*.002383**3,specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k=440.,initial_temperature_k=298.,reference_field_t=MU0*398000.,reference_moment_a_m2=.00347,accept_host_standard_proxy=True)
+STANDARD=obj(dict(mass_kg=number('kg',0,.01),volume_m3=number('m^3',1e-15,1e-5),specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k=number('J/(kg*K)',1,1e5),initial_temperature_k=number('K',285,303),reference_field_t=number('T',1e-7,MAX_FIELD_T),reference_moment_a_m2=number('A*m^2',MIN_MOMENT_A_M2,MAX_MOMENT_A_M2),accept_host_standard_proxy=BOOL))
+METHOD_EXAMPLE=dict(field_points_t=[.2,.1,.075,.05,.025,0.,-.025,-.05,-.075,-.1,-.2,-.1,-.075,-.05,-.025,0.,.025,.05,.075,.1,.2],ramp_rate_t_s=1.,averaging_time_s=.05,settling_time_s=.05,require_calibration=False)
+METHOD=obj(dict(field_points_t=array(number('T',-MAX_FIELD_T,MAX_FIELD_T),1,50000),ramp_rate_t_s=number('T/s',1e-6,1),averaging_time_s=number('s',.01,3600),settling_time_s=number('s',0,3600),require_calibration=BOOL))
+FORC_EXAMPLE=dict(saturation_field_t=.2,reversal_fields_t=[-.12,-.08,-.04,0.],points_per_curve=9,ramp_rate_t_s=1.,averaging_time_s=.05,settling_time_s=.05,require_calibration=False)
+FORC=obj(dict(saturation_field_t=number('T',1e-7,MAX_FIELD_T),reversal_fields_t=array(number('T',-MAX_FIELD_T,MAX_FIELD_T),3,1000),points_per_curve={'type':'integer','minimum':3,'maximum':1000,'x-unit':'1'},ramp_rate_t_s=number('T/s',1e-6,1),averaging_time_s=number('s',.01,3600),settling_time_s=number('s',0,3600),require_calibration=BOOL))
+ROW=obj(dict(point_index={'type':'integer','x-unit':'1'},field_t=number('T'),external_h_a_m=number('A/m'),in_phase_voltage_v=number('V'),moment_a_m2=nullable(number('A*m^2')),angle_rad=number('rad'),window_start_s=number('s'),window_end_s=number('s'),reversal_field_t=nullable(number('T')),quality=enum(['estimated','below_documented_dynamic_range','overflow','reference_temperature_invalid'])))
+RESULT=obj(dict(operation_id=nullable(TEXT),phase=PHASE,kind=TEXT,elapsed_s=number('s'),rows=array(ROW),error=nullable(TEXT),template_source=nullable(TEXT),evidence=TEXT))
+LEDGER_KEYS=['loaded_mass_kg','removed_mass_kg','mass_kg','mass_residual_kg','loaded_volume_m3','removed_volume_m3','volume_m3','volume_residual_m3','source_energy_j','coil_joule_j','magnetic_work_j','hysteresis_heat_j','sample_sensible_loaded_j','sample_sensible_removed_j','magnetic_loaded_j','magnetic_removed_j','coil_stored_j','magnetic_stored_j','sample_thermal_j','magnet_thermal_j','sample_heat_export_j','magnet_heat_export_j','energy_residual_j']
+LEDGER=obj({k:number('kg' if k.endswith('_kg') else 'm^3' if k.endswith('_m3') else 'J') for k in LEDGER_KEYS})
+CROSS=obj(dict(field_t=number('T'),external_h_a_m=number('A/m'),direction=enum(['ascending','descending'])))
+LOOP_OUTPUT=obj(dict(coercive_crossings=array(CROSS),remanence_estimates=array(obj(dict(moment_a_m2=number('A*m^2'),direction=enum(['ascending','descending'])))),observed_b_dm_j=number('J'),evidence=TEXT))
+FORC_OUTPUT=obj(dict(distribution=array(obj(dict(field_t=number('T'),reversal_field_t=number('T'),coercive_coordinate_t=number('T'),interaction_coordinate_t=number('T'),density_a_m2_per_t2=number('A*m^2/T^2'),fit_residual_a_m2=number('A*m^2'),neighbours={'type':'integer','x-unit':'1'}))),evidence=TEXT))
+CAPS={}
+def cap(k,s,o,example,component,meaning,visibility='agent',kind='device_command'):CAPS[k]=dict(input_schema=s,output_schema=o,example_arguments=example,component_ids=[component],function_zh=meaning,visibility=visibility,kind=kind,effects=[])
+for key,schema,example,component in [('plant.configure',PLANT,PLANT_EXAMPLE,'magnet'),('coil.configure',COIL,COIL_EXAMPLE,'controller'),('method.configure',METHOD,METHOD_EXAMPLE,'controller'),('forc.configure',FORC,FORC_EXAMPLE,'controller')]:cap(key,schema,obj(dict(configured=BOOL)),example,component,'设置明确工程参数或采集方法；不推进时间','evaluator' if key=='plant.configure' else 'agent','configuration')
+cap('sample.load',SAMPLE,obj(dict(present=BOOL)),SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,'sample','载入真实磁性参考与显式磁滞/热假设','evaluator')
+cap('standard.load',STANDARD,obj(dict(present=BOOL)),STANDARD_EXAMPLE,'sample','宿主装入已知磁矩标准代理；真实标准证书并非对本仿真认证','evaluator')
+cap('sample.remove',obj({}),obj(dict(removed_mass_kg=number('kg'),removed_volume_m3=number('m^3'))),{},'sample','取走磁性库存、质量和当前显热','evaluator')
+cap('power.set',obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)),obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)),{'enabled':True},'power_switch','控制电源；非零场拒绝断电以免瞬间销毁储能')
+cap('field.set_target',obj(dict(field_t=number('T',-MAX_FIELD_T,MAX_FIELD_T),ramp_rate_t_s=number('T/s',1e-6,1))),obj(dict(target_t=number('T'))),dict(field_t=.1,ramp_rate_t_s=1.),'power_supply','只写量化目标，B由step以有限速率推进')
+cap('sample.set_lift',obj(dict(lift_m=number('m',0,.35))),obj(dict(target_m=number('m'))),dict(lift_m=0.),'head_lift','电动测量头有限速率升降，需零场/振动关闭')
+cap('sample.set_angle',obj(dict(angle_rad=number('rad',-1e6,1e6))),obj(dict(target_rad=number('rad'))),dict(angle_rad=math.pi/2),'sample_rotor','零外场、关闭振动后以0.1度设置分辨有限旋转')
+cap('storage.set_open',obj(dict(opened=BOOL)),obj(dict(target_m=number('m'))),dict(opened=True),'storage_drawer','手工抽屉工程有限运动代理','evaluator')
+cap('vibration.configure',VIBRATION,obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)),VIBRATION_EXAMPLE,'vibration_carriage','配置振动工程频率幅度；解析采样姿态与锁相包络，非完整波形求解')
+cap('calibration.start',obj(dict(reference_moment_a_m2=number('A*m^2',MIN_MOMENT_A_M2,1),field_t=number('T',1e-6,MAX_FIELD_T),averaging_time_s=number('s',.01,3600))),obj(dict(operation_id=TEXT)),dict(reference_moment_a_m2=.00347,field_t=MU0*398000.,averaging_time_s=1.),'controller','实际正负场积分观测拟合增益/零偏，不读隐藏真实增益')
+cap('calibration.clear',obj({}),obj(dict(valid=BOOL)),{},'controller','清除校准')
+cap('acquisition.start',obj({}),obj(dict(operation_id=TEXT)),{},'controller','依有限扫场、等待、真实积分采集loop或FORC')
+cap('acquisition.stop',obj({}),obj(dict(phase=PHASE,elapsed_s=number('s'))),{},'controller','保留完成读数及磁记忆/热账，停止扫场于实际值')
+cap('acquisition.result',obj({}),RESULT,{},'controller','返回实际区间观测及明确合成模型标记','agent','query')
+cap('analysis.loop',obj(dict(rows=array(ROW,3))),LOOP_OUTPUT,dict(rows=[]),'controller','从外部曲线估计零场剩磁、零矩外场矫顽与路径功','agent','analysis')
+cap('analysis.forc',obj(dict(rows=array(ROW,6))),FORC_OUTPUT,dict(rows=[]),'controller','从外部FORC局部二次拟合混合导数','agent','analysis')
+cap('analysis.moment',obj(dict(voltage_v=number('V'),sensitivity_v_per_a_m2=number('V/(A*m^2)',1e-12),calibration_gain=number('1',1e-12),calibration_offset_v=number('V'))),obj(dict(moment_a_m2=number('A*m^2'))),dict(voltage_v=.001,sensitivity_v_per_a_m2=1.,calibration_gain=1.,calibration_offset_v=0.),'controller','仅按外部电压/校准/灵敏度反演磁矩','agent','analysis')
+cap('provenance.read',obj({}),obj(dict(current_sample=nullable(TEXT),operation_source=nullable(TEXT))),{},'controller','选中来源与测量来源快照仅限宿主','evaluator','query')
+cap('ledger.read',obj({}),LEDGER,{},'controller','受限样品库存及有范围的电磁热能账','evaluator','query')
+cap('sim.step',obj(dict(dt_s=number('s',0,86400))),obj(dict(time_s=number('s'))),dict(dt_s=.02),'controller','唯一宿主时钟','evaluator','simulation')
+UNSUPPORTED={'hardware.connect':'没有真实驱动','robot.load':'没有机器人装样','thermal.set_temperature':'未选温控附件，不能给基础仪器假加热器','magnet.change_gap':'固定标准极帽Gap2，无在线极距/高场帽切换','measurement.vector':'未选矢量线圈','noise.empirical':'无独立实测噪声模型，不从15nemu规格虚构分布','accuracy.certification':'未验证厂家条件准确度','analysis.unique_forc_from_major_loop':'majorloop不能唯一决定FORC或微结构'}
+for k,v in UNSUPPORTED.items():cap(k,obj({}),obj({}),{},'controller',v)
+SLOTS={}
+def slot(k,s,unit,origin,component,meaning,visibility='agent'):SLOTS[k]=dict(schema=s,unit=unit,origin=origin,component=component,meaning=meaning,visibility=visibility,write=None)
+slot('clock.time_s',number('s'),'s','derived','controller','宿主统一仿真时钟，read不推进')
+for k in ['plant.configured','coil.configured','method.configured','sample.present','power.enabled','vibration.enabled','calibration.valid']:slot(k,BOOL,'1','setpoint','controller','已配置/存在/启用状态；不是完整计量认证')
+for k in ['sample.lift_m','sample.target_lift_m','storage.position_m','storage.target_m']:slot(k,number('m'),'m','scene' if 'target' not in k else 'setpoint','head_lift' if k.startswith('sample') else 'storage_drawer','实际有限运动位置或目标，单位m；只由宿主step推进')
+for k in ['sample.angle_rad','sample.target_angle_rad','sample.orientation_rad']:slot(k,number('rad'),'rad','scene' if 'target' not in k else 'setpoint','sample_rotor','无界累计转角/目标及周期等价场景姿态；不是磁性各向异性实测参数')
+slot('sample.vibration_z_m',number('m'),'m','scene','vibration_carriage','工程正弦振动解析时刻姿态；场景采样可混叠，不声称解析全频运动')
+slot('power.angle_rad',number('rad'),'rad','scene','power_switch','开关显示姿态代理')
+for k in ['field.target_t','field.indicated_t']:slot(k,nullable(number('T')) if 'indicated' in k else number('T'),'T','sensor' if 'indicated' in k else 'setpoint','hall_probe','Gap2外施空气场B或量化目标；100nT分辨；不是样品内部B')
+slot('field.external_h_a_m',nullable(number('A/m')),'A/m','derived','hall_probe','外场B/μ0，未做样品退磁场修正')
+slot('moment.indicated_a_m2',nullable(number('A*m^2')),'A*m^2','sensor','controller','锁相包络估算磁矩；1emu=1e-3 A m²，掉电/未开振动不可用')
+slot('detector.in_phase_v',nullable(number('V')),'V','sensor','controller','有符号锁相同相电压包络含工程一阶响应，不是负RMS幅值')
+for k in ['thermal.sample_k','thermal.magnet_k']:slot(k,nullable(number('K')),'K','sensor','sample' if 'sample' in k else 'magnet','模型被动集中热节点；不是温控附件或整机热容')
+slot('acquisition.phase',PHASE,'1','derived','controller','异步操作终态或运行态')
+slot('acquisition.stage',TEXT,'1','derived','controller','ramping/settling/averaging，均等待真实host时间')
+slot('acquisition.elapsed_s',number('s'),'s','derived','controller','操作实际已耗时间')
+slot('acquisition.points',{'type':'integer','x-unit':'1'},'1','derived','controller','已完成积分观测数')
+slot('calibration.gain',number(),'1','derived','controller','外部±已知磁矩与实际观测拟合出的乘性校正')
+slot('calibration.offset_v',number('V'),'V','derived','controller','外部双极标准观测拟合出的电压零偏')
+for k,u in [('truth.field_t','T'),('truth.moment_a_m2','A*m^2'),('truth.mass_kg','kg'),('truth.sample_k','K')]:slot(k,number(u),u,'process_truth','sample','受限过程真值，公共结果不透出材料身份','evaluator')
+
+class LakeShore8604VsmRuntime:
+    def __init__(self,instance_id='vsm_01'):
+        self.instance_id=instance_id;self.time_ns=0;self._clock_remainder_ns=0.;self.revision=0;self.power=False;self.plant=None;self.coil=None;self.method=None;self.sample=None;self.record=None;self.source=None
+        self.axes={k:dict(position=v,target=v,start=v,start_ns=0,arrival_ns=0) for k,v in [('field',0.),('lift',.35),('angle',0.),('drawer',0.)]};self.ramp_rate=1.
+        self.vibration=dict(enabled=False,amplitude_m=.0005,frequency_hz=82.);self.sensor=0.;self.sample_k=300.;self.magnet_k=300.;self.linear_coefficient=0.;self.relays=[];self.amplitudes=[]
+        self.calibration_valid=False;self.calibration_gain=1.;self.calibration_offset=0.;self.phase='idle';self.stage='idle';self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.operation_id=None;self.operation_kind='none';self.error=None;self._counter=0;self._operation_source=None;self.records={};self._principals={};self._requests={};self._owners={};self._cancel_operations={};self._event_ns=None;self._sequence=[];self._index=0;self._v_integral=0.;self._b_integral=0.
+        self.book={k:0. for k in ['loaded_mass_kg','removed_mass_kg','loaded_volume_m3','removed_volume_m3','source_energy_j','coil_joule_j','magnetic_work_j','hysteresis_heat_j','sample_sensible_loaded_j','sample_sensible_removed_j','magnetic_loaded_j','magnetic_removed_j','sample_heat_export_j','magnet_heat_export_j']}
+    @property
+    def time_s(self):return self.time_ns/1e9
+    def register_principal(self,name,visibility):
+        if not isinstance(name,str) or not name or visibility not in ('agent','evaluator','debug') or name in self._principals:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        self._principals[name]=visibility
+    def session(self,name):
+        if name not in self._principals:raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return LakeShore8604VsmSession(self,name)
+    def _pos(self,k):return self.axes[k]['position']
+    def _moving(self,k):return self.time_ns<self.axes[k]['arrival_ns']
+    def _speed(self,k):return self.ramp_rate if k=='field' else self.plant[{'lift':'lift_speed_m_s','angle':'rotation_speed_rad_s','drawer':'drawer_speed_m_s'}[k]]
+    def _target(self,k,value):
+        a=self.axes[k];distance=abs(value-a['position']);a.update(start=a['position'],target=float(value),start_ns=self.time_ns,arrival_ns=self.time_ns+int(math.ceil(distance/self._speed(k)*1e9)))
+    def _rate(self,k):
+        a=self.axes[k]
+        return (a['target']-a['start'])/((a['arrival_ns']-a['start_ns'])/1e9) if self._moving(k) else 0.
+    def _positions(self):
+        for a in self.axes.values():a['position']=a['target'] if self.time_ns>=a['arrival_ns'] else a['start']+(a['target']-a['start'])*(self.time_ns-a['start_ns'])/(a['arrival_ns']-a['start_ns'])
+    def _capacity(self):return self.plant['sample_local_capacity_j_k']+(self.sample['mass_kg']*self.sample['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k'] if self.sample else 0.)
+    def _sensitivity(self,actual=False):
+        if not self.coil:return 0.
+        coupling=self.plant['pickup_coupling_wb_per_a_m3'] if actual else self.coil['nominal_coupling_wb_per_a_m3']
+        return coupling*self.vibration['amplitude_m']*2*math.pi*self.vibration['frequency_hz']/math.sqrt(2)
+    def _moment(self,B=None):
+        B=self._pos('field') if B is None else B;c=math.cos(self._pos('angle'))
+        return self.linear_coefficient*B+sum(a*r['state'] for a,r in zip(self.amplitudes,self.relays))*c
+    def _magnetic_energy(self):return .5*self.linear_coefficient*self._pos('field')**2+sum(a*r['bias_field_t']*r['state'] for a,r in zip(self.amplitudes,self.relays))
+    def _temperature_valid(self):
+        if not self.sample or self.sample.get('standard'):return True
+        nominal=self.record.get('reference_temperature_K');interval=self.record.get('valid_temperature_range_K')
+        if nominal is not None and abs(self.sample_k-nominal)>self.sample['temperature_tolerance_k']+1e-9:return False
+        if interval and interval[1]-interval[0]>1e-9 and not interval[0]-1e-9<=self.sample_k<=interval[1]+1e-9:return False
+        return abs(self.sample_k-self.sample['initial_temperature_k'])<=self.sample['temperature_tolerance_k']+1e-9
+    def ledger(self):
+        d=copy.deepcopy(self.book);mass=self.sample['mass_kg'] if self.sample else 0.;volume=self.sample['volume_m3'] if self.sample else 0.;d.update(mass_kg=mass,mass_residual_kg=d['loaded_mass_kg']-d['removed_mass_kg']-mass,volume_m3=volume,volume_residual_m3=d['loaded_volume_m3']-d['removed_volume_m3']-volume,coil_stored_j=0.,magnetic_stored_j=self._magnetic_energy(),sample_thermal_j=0.,magnet_thermal_j=0.)
+        if self.plant:d.update(coil_stored_j=.5*self.plant['coil_inductance_h']*(self._pos('field')/self.plant['field_per_current_t_a'])**2,sample_thermal_j=self._capacity()*(self.sample_k-self.plant['ambient_k']),magnet_thermal_j=self.plant['magnet_thermal_capacity_j_k']*(self.magnet_k-self.plant['ambient_k']))
+        d['energy_residual_j']=d['source_energy_j']+d['sample_sensible_loaded_j']+d['magnetic_loaded_j']-d['sample_sensible_removed_j']-d['magnetic_removed_j']-sum(d[k] for k in ['coil_stored_j','magnetic_stored_j','sample_thermal_j','magnet_thermal_j','sample_heat_export_j','magnet_heat_export_j']);return d
+    def read(self,visibility='agent'):
+        indicated=None
+        if self.power and self.vibration['enabled'] and self.coil:
+            inferred=infer_moment(self.sensor,self._sensitivity(),self.calibration_gain,self.calibration_offset)
+            if abs(inferred)<=self.coil['moment_range_a_m2'] and self._temperature_valid():indicated=inferred
+        field=quant(self._pos('field'),FIELD_RESOLUTION_T) if self.power else None
+        d={'clock.time_s':self.time_s,'plant.configured':self.plant is not None,'coil.configured':self.coil is not None,'method.configured':self.method is not None,'sample.present':self.sample is not None,'power.enabled':self.power,'vibration.enabled':self.vibration['enabled'],'calibration.valid':self.calibration_valid,'sample.lift_m':self._pos('lift'),'sample.target_lift_m':self.axes['lift']['target'],'storage.position_m':self._pos('drawer'),'storage.target_m':self.axes['drawer']['target'],'sample.angle_rad':self._pos('angle'),'sample.target_angle_rad':self.axes['angle']['target'],'sample.orientation_rad':math.atan2(math.sin(self._pos('angle')),math.cos(self._pos('angle'))),'sample.vibration_z_m':self.vibration['amplitude_m']*math.sin(2*math.pi*self.vibration['frequency_hz']*self.time_s) if self.power and self.vibration['enabled'] else 0.,'power.angle_rad':.28 if self.power else 0.,'field.target_t':self.axes['field']['target'],'field.indicated_t':field,'field.external_h_a_m':None if field is None else field/MU0,'moment.indicated_a_m2':indicated,'detector.in_phase_v':self.sensor if self.power and self.vibration['enabled'] else None,'thermal.sample_k':self.sample_k if self.plant else None,'thermal.magnet_k':self.magnet_k if self.plant else None,'acquisition.phase':self.phase,'acquisition.stage':self.stage,'acquisition.elapsed_s':self.elapsed,'acquisition.points':len(self.rows),'calibration.gain':self.calibration_gain,'calibration.offset_v':self.calibration_offset,'truth.field_t':self._pos('field'),'truth.moment_a_m2':self._moment(),'truth.mass_kg':self.sample['mass_kg'] if self.sample else 0.,'truth.sample_k':self.sample_k}
+        return {k:copy.deepcopy(v) for k,v in d.items() if visibility!='agent' or SLOTS[k]['visibility']=='agent'}
+    def _propagate(self,ns):
+        dt=ns/1e9
+        if dt<=0 or not self.plant:return
+        p=self.plant;B0=self._pos('field');rate=self._rate('field');B1=B0+rate*dt;I0=B0/p['field_per_current_t_a'];I1=B1/p['field_per_current_t_a'];r=p['coil_resistance_ohm']/p['field_per_current_t_a']**2
+        joule=r*(B0*B0*dt+B0*rate*dt*dt+rate*rate*dt**3/3);dcoil=.5*p['coil_inductance_h']*(I1*I1-I0*I0);dmag=.5*self.linear_coefficient*(B1*B1-B0*B0)
+        self.book['coil_joule_j']+=joule;self.book['magnetic_work_j']+=dmag;self.book['source_energy_j']+=joule+dcoil+dmag
+        C=p['magnet_thermal_capacity_j_k'];G=p['magnet_cooling_conductance_w_k'];tau=C/G;before=C*(self.magnet_k-p['ambient_k']);j0,j1,j2=weighted_exponential_integrals(dt,tau);after=before*math.exp(-dt/tau)+r*(B0*B0*j0+2*B0*rate*j1+rate*rate*j2);self.magnet_k=p['ambient_k']+after/C;self.book['magnet_heat_export_j']+=joule-(after-before)
+        C=self._capacity();before=C*(self.sample_k-p['ambient_k']);after=before*math.exp(-p['sample_conductance_w_k']*dt/C);self.sample_k=p['ambient_k']+after/C;self.book['sample_heat_export_j']+=before-after
+        active=self.power and self.vibration['enabled'];gain=p['voltage_gain']*self._sensitivity(True) if active else 0.;f0=gain*self._moment(B0)+(p['voltage_offset_v'] if active else 0.);f1=gain*self.linear_coefficient*rate;old=self.sensor;tau=p['detector_tau_s'];self.sensor=f0+f1*(dt-tau)+(old-f0+f1*tau)*math.exp(-dt/tau)
+        if self.phase=='running' and self.stage=='averaging':self._v_integral+=f0*dt+.5*f1*dt*dt-tau*(self.sensor-old);self._b_integral+=B0*dt+.5*rate*dt*dt
+    def _next_switch(self):
+        B=self._pos('field');c=math.cos(self._pos('angle'));v=self._rate('field')*c
+        if not v:return None
+        times=[]
+        for r in self.relays:
+            if v>0 and r['state']<0:threshold=r['bias_field_t']+r['coercive_field_t']
+            elif v<0 and r['state']>0:threshold=r['bias_field_t']-r['coercive_field_t']
+            else:continue
+            dt=(threshold-B*c)/v
+            if dt>=-1e-12:times.append(self.time_ns+max(1,int(math.ceil(dt*1e9-1e-7))))
+        return min(times) if times else None
+    def _switch(self):
+        B=self._pos('field');c=math.cos(self._pos('angle'));effective=B*c
+        for amplitude,r in zip(self.amplitudes,self.relays):
+            state=1 if effective>=r['bias_field_t']+r['coercive_field_t']-1e-12 else -1 if effective<=r['bias_field_t']-r['coercive_field_t']+1e-12 else r['state']
+            if state==r['state']:continue
+            dm=amplitude*(state-r['state']);work=effective*dm;stored=r['bias_field_t']*dm;heat=work-stored
+            if heat<-1e-12:raise RuntimeError('Nonpassive relay switch')
+            r['state']=state;self.book['magnetic_work_j']+=work;self.book['source_energy_j']+=work;self.book['hysteresis_heat_j']+=heat;self.sample_k+=heat/self._capacity()
+    def _result(self):
+        if self.phase!='running' and self.operation_id in self.records:return copy.deepcopy(self.records[self.operation_id])
+        return dict(operation_id=self.operation_id,phase=self.phase,kind=self.operation_kind,elapsed_s=self.elapsed,rows=copy.deepcopy(self.rows),error=self.error,template_source=self._operation_source,evidence='synthetic_forward_model; actual_host_time_interval_observations; measured_reference_anchor_is_not_measured_this_loop_or_FORC')
+    def _finish(self,phase,error=None):
+        self.phase=phase;self.stage='idle';self.error=error;self._event_ns=None
+        if self.operation_id:self.records[self.operation_id]=dict(operation_id=self.operation_id,phase=phase,kind=self.operation_kind,elapsed_s=self.elapsed,rows=copy.deepcopy(self.rows),error=error,template_source=self._operation_source,evidence='synthetic_forward_model; actual_host_time_interval_observations; measured_reference_anchor_is_not_measured_this_loop_or_FORC')
+    def _begin_point(self):
+        point=self._sequence[self._index];self.ramp_rate=self._job_method['ramp_rate_t_s'];self._target('field',point['field_t']);self.stage='ramping';self._event_ns=self.axes['field']['arrival_ns']
+    def _advance(self):
+        while self.phase=='running' and self._event_ns<=self.time_ns:
+            if self.stage=='ramping':self.stage='settling';self._event_ns=self.time_ns+round(self._job_method['settling_time_s']*1e9)
+            elif self.stage=='settling':
+                if not self._sequence[self._index]['record']:
+                    self._index+=1;self._begin_point();continue
+                self.stage='averaging';self._window_start_ns=self.time_ns;self._v_integral=0.;self._b_integral=0.;self._event_ns=self.time_ns+round(self._job_method['averaging_time_s']*1e9)
+            else:
+                dt=(self.time_ns-self._window_start_ns)/1e9;v=self._v_integral/dt;B=quant(self._b_integral/dt,FIELD_RESOLUTION_T);moment=infer_moment(v,self._sensitivity(),self.calibration_gain,self.calibration_offset);quality='estimated';error=None
+                if abs(moment)>self.coil['moment_range_a_m2']:quality='overflow';error='MOMENT_OVERFLOW';moment=None
+                elif not self._temperature_valid():quality='reference_temperature_invalid';error='REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE';moment=None
+                elif abs(moment)<MIN_MOMENT_A_M2:quality='below_documented_dynamic_range'
+                self.rows.append(dict(point_index=len(self.rows),field_t=B,external_h_a_m=B/MU0,in_phase_voltage_v=v,moment_a_m2=moment,angle_rad=self._pos('angle'),window_start_s=self._window_start_ns/1e9,window_end_s=self.time_s,reversal_field_t=self._sequence[self._index]['reversal_field_t'],quality=quality))
+                if error:self._finish('failed',error);break
+                self._index+=1
+                if self._index==len(self._sequence):
+                    if self.operation_kind=='calibration':
+                        vplus,vminus=[r['in_phase_voltage_v'] for r in self.rows];den=vplus-vminus
+                        if den<=0:self._finish('failed','CALIBRATION_INVALID');break
+                        self.calibration_gain=2*self._cal_reference*self._sensitivity()/den;self.calibration_offset=(vplus+vminus)/2;self.calibration_valid=True
+                    self._finish('succeeded');break
+                self._begin_point()
+    def _load_guard(self):
+        if not self.plant:raise ActionRejected('NOT_CONFIGURED')
+        if self.sample:raise ActionRejected('SAMPLE_PRESENT')
+        if self._pos('lift')<.34 or self._moving('lift') or self._moving('angle') or self.vibration['enabled'] or abs(self._pos('field'))>1e-10 or self._moving('field'):raise ActionRejected('LOADING_POSITION_REQUIRED')
+    def _field_guard(self,values):
+        if self.sample and not self.sample.get('standard') and any(abs(x)>self.sample['linear_valid_max_field_t']+1e-12 for x in values):raise ActionRejected('HOST_MAGNETIC_VALIDITY_RANGE')
+    def invoke(self,capability,**a):
+        if capability not in CAPS:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        validate(CAPS[capability]['input_schema'],a)
+        if capability in UNSUPPORTED:raise ActionRejected('UNSUPPORTED')
+        if capability=='acquisition.result':return self._result()
+        if capability=='ledger.read':return self.ledger()
+        if capability=='provenance.read':return dict(current_sample=self.source,operation_source=self._operation_source)
+        if capability=='analysis.loop':return analyze_loop(a['rows'])
+        if capability=='analysis.forc':return analyze_forc(a['rows'])
+        if capability=='analysis.moment':return dict(moment_a_m2=infer_moment(**a))
+        if capability=='sim.step':self.step(a['dt_s']);return dict(time_s=self.time_s)
+        if self.phase=='running' and capability not in ('acquisition.stop','power.set'):raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+        if capability=='plant.configure':
+            if self.plant or self.sample or self.power:raise ActionRejected('ALREADY_CONFIGURED')
+            if not a['accept_engineering']:raise ActionRejected('EXPLICIT_ASSUMPTIONS_REQUIRED')
+            I=MAX_FIELD_T/a['field_per_current_t_a'];V=a['coil_resistance_ohm']*I+a['coil_inductance_h']/a['field_per_current_t_a']
+            if I>70+1e-12 or V>35+1e-12 or I*V>2450+1e-12:raise ActionRejected('POWER_SUPPLY_ENVELOPE')
+            self.plant=copy.deepcopy(a);self.sample_k=self.magnet_k=a['ambient_k'];out=dict(configured=True)
+        elif capability=='coil.configure':self.coil=copy.deepcopy(a);self.calibration_valid=False;self.calibration_gain=1.;self.calibration_offset=0.;out=dict(configured=True)
+        elif capability in ('method.configure','forc.configure'):
+            if capability=='forc.configure':
+                quantized=[quant(x,FIELD_RESOLUTION_T) for x in a['reversal_fields_t']];saturation=quant(a['saturation_field_t'],FIELD_RESOLUTION_T)
+                if any(x>=saturation for x in quantized) or len(set(quantized))!=len(quantized) or len(quantized)*(a['points_per_curve']+1)>50000:raise ActionRejected('FORC_GRID_REQUIRED')
+                a=copy.deepcopy(a);a['reversal_fields_t']=quantized;a['saturation_field_t']=saturation
+            self.method=copy.deepcopy(a);self.method['kind']='forc' if capability=='forc.configure' else 'points';out=dict(configured=True)
+        elif capability in ('sample.load','standard.load'):
+            self._load_guard();standard=capability=='standard.load';record=None;relays=[];amplitudes=[];linear=0.
+            if standard:
+                if not a['accept_host_standard_proxy']:raise ActionRejected('EXPLICIT_ASSUMPTIONS_REQUIRED')
+                linear=a['reference_moment_a_m2']/a['reference_field_t'];source=json.dumps(dict(kind='host_linear_calibrant_proxy',numerical_example_anchor='NIST772a298K398kA_m_not_certificate_validation'),sort_keys=True)
+            else:
+                if not a['accept_engineering_assumptions']:raise ActionRejected('EXPLICIT_ASSUMPTIONS_REQUIRED')
+                record=library().get(a['reference_id'])
+                if record is None:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_REFERENCE')
+                temp=record.get('reference_temperature_K');domain=record.get('valid_temperature_range_K')
+                if temp is not None and abs(a['initial_temperature_k']-temp)>a['temperature_tolerance_k'] or domain and domain[1]-domain[0]>1e-9 and not domain[0]<=a['initial_temperature_k']<=domain[1]:raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+                chi=record.get('molar_susceptibility_m3_mol');molar_mass=record.get('molar_mass_kg_mol')
+                if chi is not None and molar_mass is not None:linear=a['mass_kg']/molar_mass*chi/MU0
+                if a['magnetic_model']=='linear_susceptibility' and (chi is None or molar_mass is None):raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_PROPERTY_MISSING')
+                if a['magnetic_model']=='preisach_proxy':
+                    value=a['proxy_specific_moment_a_m2_kg']
+                    if value is None:value=record.get('measured_specific_moment_max_abs_a_m2_kg')
+                    if value is None:raise ActionRejected('EXPLICIT_PROXY_AMPLITUDE_REQUIRED')
+                    if not math.isclose(sum(r['weight'] for r in a['relays']),1.,rel_tol=0,abs_tol=1e-10):raise ActionRejected('RELAY_WEIGHTS')
+                    for r in a['relays']:
+                        if r['bias_field_t']+r['coercive_field_t']<=0 and r['initial_sign']<0 or r['bias_field_t']-r['coercive_field_t']>=0 and r['initial_sign']>0:raise ActionRejected('INCONSISTENT_INITIAL_MAGNETIC_STATE')
+                    relays=[dict(r,state=r['initial_sign']) for r in a['relays']];amplitudes=[a['mass_kg']*value*r['weight'] for r in relays]
+                source=json.dumps(record.get('source'),sort_keys=True,ensure_ascii=False)
+            p=copy.deepcopy(a);p['standard']=standard;C0=self._capacity();old=C0*(self.sample_k-self.plant['ambient_k']);incoming=a['mass_kg']*a['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k']*(a['initial_temperature_k']-self.plant['ambient_k']);self.sample=p;self.record=record;self.source=source;self.linear_coefficient=linear;self.relays=relays;self.amplitudes=amplitudes;self.sample_k=self.plant['ambient_k']+(old+incoming)/self._capacity();self.book['sample_sensible_loaded_j']+=incoming;self.book['magnetic_loaded_j']+=self._magnetic_energy();self.book['loaded_mass_kg']+=a['mass_kg'];self.book['loaded_volume_m3']+=a['volume_m3'];out=dict(present=True)
+        elif capability=='sample.remove':
+            if not self.sample:raise ActionRejected('NO_SAMPLE')
+            if self._pos('lift')<.34 or self._moving('lift') or self.vibration['enabled'] or abs(self._pos('field'))>1e-10 or self._moving('field'):raise ActionRejected('LOADING_POSITION_REQUIRED')
+            m=self.sample['mass_kg'];v=self.sample['volume_m3'];self.book['removed_mass_kg']+=m;self.book['removed_volume_m3']+=v;self.book['sample_sensible_removed_j']+=m*self.sample['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k']*(self.sample_k-self.plant['ambient_k']);self.book['magnetic_removed_j']+=self._magnetic_energy();self.sample=None;self.record=None;self.source=None;self.linear_coefficient=0.;self.relays=[];self.amplitudes=[];out=dict(removed_mass_kg=m,removed_volume_m3=v)
+        elif capability=='power.set':
+            if not self.plant:raise ActionRejected('NOT_CONFIGURED')
+            if not a['enabled'] and (abs(self._pos('field'))>1e-10 or self._moving('field')):raise ActionRejected('ZERO_FIELD_REQUIRED')
+            if not a['enabled']:
+                if self.phase=='running':self._finish('cancelled','POWER_OFF')
+                self.vibration['enabled']=False
+                for k in self.axes:self._target(k,self._pos(k))
+            self.power=a['enabled'];out=dict(enabled=self.power)
+        elif capability=='field.set_target':
+            if not self.power:raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            if self._pos('lift')>1e-9 and self.sample or self._moving('lift') or self._moving('angle'):raise ActionRejected('MEASUREMENT_POSITION_REQUIRED')
+            target=quant(a['field_t'],FIELD_RESOLUTION_T);self._field_guard([target]);self.ramp_rate=a['ramp_rate_t_s'];self._target('field',target);out=dict(target_t=target)
+        elif capability in ('sample.set_lift','sample.set_angle','storage.set_open'):
+            if not self.plant or not self.power:raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            if capability!='storage.set_open' and (abs(self._pos('field'))>1e-10 or self._moving('field') or self.vibration['enabled']):raise ActionRejected('ZERO_FIELD_AND_VIBRATION_OFF_REQUIRED')
+            k='lift' if capability=='sample.set_lift' else 'angle' if capability=='sample.set_angle' else 'drawer';value=a['lift_m'] if k=='lift' else quant(a['angle_rad'],math.pi/1800) if k=='angle' else .2 if a['opened'] else 0.;self._target(k,value);out={'target_rad' if k=='angle' else 'target_m':value}
+        elif capability=='vibration.configure':
+            if not self.power or not self.coil:raise ActionRejected('NOT_CONFIGURED')
+            if a['enabled'] and (self._pos('lift')>1e-9 or self._moving('lift') or self._moving('angle')):raise ActionRejected('MEASUREMENT_POSITION_REQUIRED')
+            if any(a[k]!=self.vibration[k] for k in ('amplitude_m','frequency_hz')):self.calibration_valid=False
+            self.vibration=copy.deepcopy(a);out=dict(enabled=a['enabled'])
+        elif capability=='calibration.clear':self.calibration_valid=False;self.calibration_gain=1.;self.calibration_offset=0.;out=dict(valid=False)
+        elif capability in ('acquisition.start','calibration.start'):
+            iscal=capability=='calibration.start'
+            if not self.power or not self.plant or not self.coil or not self.vibration['enabled']:raise ActionRejected('NOT_CONFIGURED')
+            if not self.sample:raise ActionRejected('NO_SAMPLE')
+            if self._pos('lift')>1e-9 or self._moving('lift') or self._moving('angle'):raise ActionRejected('MEASUREMENT_POSITION_REQUIRED')
+            if not self._temperature_valid():raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            if iscal:
+                method=dict(ramp_rate_t_s=1.,averaging_time_s=a['averaging_time_s'],settling_time_s=max(.05,10*self.plant['detector_tau_s']));sequence=[dict(field_t=quant(B,FIELD_RESOLUTION_T),record=True,reversal_field_t=None) for B in [a['field_t'],-a['field_t']]]
+            else:
+                if not self.method:raise ActionRejected('NOT_CONFIGURED')
+                if self.method['require_calibration'] and not self.calibration_valid:raise ActionRejected('CALIBRATION_REQUIRED')
+                method=copy.deepcopy(self.method);sequence=[]
+                if method['kind']=='points':sequence=[dict(field_t=quant(B,FIELD_RESOLUTION_T),record=True,reversal_field_t=None) for B in method['field_points_t']]
+                else:
+                    saturation=method['saturation_field_t']
+                    for Br in method['reversal_fields_t']:
+                        sequence.append(dict(field_t=quant(saturation,FIELD_RESOLUTION_T),record=False,reversal_field_t=Br))
+                        sequence.extend(dict(field_t=quant(float(B),FIELD_RESOLUTION_T),record=True,reversal_field_t=Br) for B in np.linspace(Br,saturation,method['points_per_curve']))
+            self._field_guard([p['field_t'] for p in sequence])
+            if not iscal and method['kind']=='forc' and self.relays and method['saturation_field_t']*abs(math.cos(self._pos('angle')))<max(r['coercive_field_t']+abs(r['bias_field_t']) for r in self.relays):raise ActionRejected('MODEL_SATURATION_UNREACHABLE')
+            self._counter+=1;self.operation_id=f'{self.instance_id}:acquisition:{self._counter}';self._operation_source=self.source;self.operation_kind='calibration' if iscal else method['kind'];self.phase='running';self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.error=None;self._start_ns=self.time_ns;self._job_method=method;self._sequence=sequence;self._index=0;self._cal_reference=a['reference_moment_a_m2'] if iscal else None;self._begin_point();out=dict(operation_id=self.operation_id)
+        elif capability=='acquisition.stop':
+            if self.phase!='running':raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+            self._target('field',self._pos('field'));self._finish('cancelled','USER_CANCEL');out=dict(phase=self.phase,elapsed_s=self.elapsed)
+        else:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        self.revision+=1;return copy.deepcopy(out)
+    def step(self,dt_s):
+        validate(number('s',0,86400),dt_s);total=math.fsum((self._clock_remainder_ns,dt_s*1e9));ns=round(total);self._clock_remainder_ns=total-ns
+        if not ns:return
+        end=self.time_ns+ns
+        while self.time_ns<end:
+            if self.phase=='running' and self._event_ns<=self.time_ns:self._advance()
+            boundary=end
+            for k in self.axes:
+                if self._moving(k):boundary=min(boundary,self.axes[k]['arrival_ns'])
+            switch=self._next_switch()
+            if switch is not None:boundary=min(boundary,switch)
+            if self.phase=='running':boundary=min(boundary,self._event_ns)
+            self._propagate(boundary-self.time_ns);self.time_ns=boundary;self._positions();self._switch()
+            if self.phase=='running':
+                self.elapsed=(self.time_ns-self._start_ns)/1e9
+                if self._event_ns<=self.time_ns:self._advance()
+        self.revision+=1
+
+class LakeShore8604VsmSession:
+    def __init__(self, host, principal_id): self._host = host; self._principal = principal_id
+    @property
+    def _role(self): return self._host._principals[self._principal]
+    def _target(self, instance_id):
+        if instance_id != self._host.instance_id: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+    def describe(self, *, instance_id=None, asset_type_id=None):
+        if (instance_id is None) == (asset_type_id is None): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if instance_id is not None: self._target(instance_id)
+        if asset_type_id is not None and asset_type_id != ASSET_TYPE_ID: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+        meta = export_lakeshore_8604vsm_contract_metadata()
+        return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID, asset_version='1.0.0', capabilities={k:v for k,v in meta['capabilities'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'}, state_slots={k:v for k,v in meta['state_slots'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'})
+    def read(self, *, instance_id, state_ids=None):
+        self._target(instance_id); h=self._host; values=h.read(self._role); ids=list(values) if state_ids is None else state_ids
+        if not isinstance(ids,list) or any(not isinstance(k,str) for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if any(k not in values for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return dict(instance_id=instance_id, status='succeeded', state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s}, observations={k:dict(value=copy.deepcopy(values[k]),unit=SLOTS[k]['unit'],quality='unavailable' if values[k] is None else 'estimated' if SLOTS[k]['origin'] in ('sensor','derived') else 'valid',sample_time_s=h.time_s,sample_window_s=None) for k in ids})
+    def _filter_result(self, result):
+        result = copy.deepcopy(result)
+        # A bridge may dispatch agent-visible capabilities through a privileged
+        # session. Public acquisition payloads therefore use the SAME redaction
+        # for every role. Full provenance has its own evaluator-only capability.
+        if 'rows' in result and 'template_source' in result:
+            result['template_source'] = str(LIBRARY_PATH.relative_to(ROOT)) + '; selected record provenance available only through evaluator provenance.read' if result['template_source'] is not None else None
+            result['evidence'] = 'synthetic_forward_model; observed_interval_mean_lockin_voltage; measured_library_reference_anchor_not_original_this_loop_or_FORC; selected record restricted' if result['operation_id'] is not None else 'no_measurement'
+        return result
+    def invoke(self, *, instance_id, capability_id, arguments, request_id):
+        h=self._host
+        try:
+            self._target(instance_id)
+            if not isinstance(capability_id,str) or capability_id not in CAPS: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+            if self._role=='agent' and CAPS[capability_id]['visibility']!='agent': raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'],arguments); key=(self._principal,request_id); digest=json.dumps([capability_id,arguments],sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+            if key in h._requests:
+                old,response=h._requests[key]
+                if old!=digest: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+                return copy.deepcopy(response)
+            if capability_id in ('acquisition.stop','acquisition.result') and self._role=='agent' and h.operation_id and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if capability_id=='power.set' and not arguments['enabled'] and h.phase=='running' and self._role=='agent' and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            result=self._filter_result(h.invoke(capability_id,**arguments)); operation=result.get('operation_id') if capability_id in ('acquisition.start','calibration.start') else None
+            if operation: h._owners[operation]=self._principal
+            response=dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=operation,status='accepted' if operation else 'succeeded',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result=result,observations={},error=None)
+            h._requests[key]=(digest,copy.deepcopy(response)); return response
+        except ActionRejected as exc:
+            return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=None,status='unsupported' if str(exc)=='UNSUPPORTED' else 'rejected',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result={},observations={},error=dict(code=str(exc),message=str(exc),retryable=False,side_effects='none'))
+    def write(self, *, instance_id, state_id, value, request_id):
+        self._target(instance_id); entry=SLOTS.get(state_id)
+        if not entry or not entry['write']: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        capability,argument=entry['write']; return self.invoke(instance_id=instance_id,capability_id=capability,arguments={argument:value},request_id=request_id)
+    def poll(self, operation_id):
+        h=self._host
+        if h._owners.get(operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        result=h._result() if operation_id==h.operation_id and h.phase=='running' else h.records.get(operation_id)
+        if result is None: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_OPERATION')
+        return dict(operation_id=operation_id,status=result['phase'],result=self._filter_result(result))
+    def cancel(self, operation_id, request_id):
+        self.poll(operation_id); h=self._host
+        if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        key=(self._principal,request_id)
+        if key in h._cancel_operations:
+            if h._cancel_operations[key]!=operation_id: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+            return copy.deepcopy(h._requests[key][1])
+        if key in h._requests: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        if operation_id!=h.operation_id or h.phase!='running': raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+        result=self.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.stop',arguments={},request_id=request_id)
+        if result['status']=='succeeded': h._cancel_operations[key]=operation_id
+        return result
+
+for i,B in enumerate([-.1,0.,.1]):
+    row=dict(point_index=i,field_t=B,external_h_a_m=B/MU0,in_phase_voltage_v=B*.001,moment_a_m2=B*.001,angle_rad=0.,window_start_s=float(i),window_end_s=i+.1,reversal_field_t=None,quality='estimated')
+    CAPS['analysis.loop']['example_arguments']['rows'].append(row)
+for Br in [-.1,-.05,0.]:
+    for B in [0.,.05,.1]:
+        row=copy.deepcopy(CAPS['analysis.loop']['example_arguments']['rows'][0]);row.update(field_t=B,external_h_a_m=B/MU0,moment_a_m2=.001*(B-Br*B),reversal_field_t=Br)
+        CAPS['analysis.forc']['example_arguments']['rows'].append(row)
+EFFECTS={
+ 'plant.configure':['plant.configured','thermal.sample_k','thermal.magnet_k','truth.sample_k'],
+ 'coil.configure':['coil.configured','calibration.valid','calibration.gain','calibration.offset_v'],
+ 'method.configure':['method.configured'],'forc.configure':['method.configured'],
+ 'sample.load':['sample.present','thermal.sample_k','truth.sample_k','truth.mass_kg','truth.moment_a_m2'],
+ 'standard.load':['sample.present','thermal.sample_k','truth.sample_k','truth.mass_kg','truth.moment_a_m2'],
+ 'sample.remove':['sample.present','truth.mass_kg','truth.moment_a_m2'],
+ 'power.set':['power.enabled','power.angle_rad','field.indicated_t','field.external_h_a_m','moment.indicated_a_m2','detector.in_phase_v','vibration.enabled','sample.vibration_z_m','sample.target_lift_m','sample.target_angle_rad','storage.target_m','field.target_t','acquisition.phase','acquisition.stage'],
+ 'field.set_target':['field.target_t'],'sample.set_lift':['sample.target_lift_m'],'sample.set_angle':['sample.target_angle_rad'],'storage.set_open':['storage.target_m'],
+ 'vibration.configure':['vibration.enabled','sample.vibration_z_m','moment.indicated_a_m2','detector.in_phase_v','calibration.valid'],
+ 'calibration.clear':['calibration.valid','calibration.gain','calibration.offset_v'],
+ 'acquisition.start':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.stage','acquisition.elapsed_s','acquisition.points','field.target_t'],
+ 'calibration.start':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.stage','acquisition.elapsed_s','acquisition.points','field.target_t'],
+ 'acquisition.stop':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.stage','field.target_t'],
+ 'sim.step':list(SLOTS)}
+for k,v in EFFECTS.items():CAPS[k]['effects']=v
+ERRORS=sorted(set(__import__('re').findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_0-9]+)'",Path(__file__).read_text()))|{'POWER_OFF','USER_CANCEL','MOMENT_OVERFLOW','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE'})
+LIMITATIONS=[
+ '固定Lake Shore8604/86-LC单轴线圈/标准极帽ExactGAP2，样品空间8mm，外施空气场±2.37T；高场帽2.76T、其它gap、矢量线圈与温控附件未选。样品0..10g，磁矩1emu=1e-3 A m²。',
+ '公共field_t指外施空气磁感应B，H_external=B/μ0；样品内部B、H与退磁张量未求解，不把外场矫顽值冒充内禀矫顽力。',
+ '厂家动态范围25nemu至1000emu只限定可配置满量程；零交叉和低于25nemu仍可返回估计并明确below_documented_dynamic_range，不宣称低场准确度。15nemu RMS@10s与100nT场分辨是不同规格；未将RMS当任意积分时长下的随机分布。',
+ '真实数据包含原文室温285..300K的CRC molarχ、300K的SQUID铁氧体majorloops与Ni校准证书锚；证据/原始条件逐条保留，真实SQUID回线不冒充本8604原生输出。',
+ 'linear_susceptibility: m=(mass/molar_mass)*χmol*B/μ0，低场线性/无退磁/温度容差为宿主接受的近似。Preisach使用真实高场比磁矩端点或显式host幅度，再加显式coercivity/bias/weights，属于synthetic_forward_model；端点不自动叫饱和Ms，±6T源major不可截成±2.37T实测饱和loop。',
+ '独立矩形Preisach hysterons保留反转记忆；FORC小回线由显式假设驱动，不能从实测majorloop唯一推导。旋转投影m_x=m_axis*cosθ，加各向同性线性项；不是全Stoner-Wohlfarth、矢量磁畴或退磁场模型。',
+ '磁化开关是有限能量的理想瞬时事件；W=B_eff*Δm、ΔU=bias*Δm、Q=(B_eff-bias)*Δm≥0，线性可逆能量U=.5*a*B²（抗磁参考可为负相对量）。未求开关脉冲峰值功率。',
+ '磁体工程常数B=kI、V=RI+L*dI/dt；plant只允许在完整±2.37T及1T/s线性工作包络内满足70A/35V/2450W。绕组Joule、L储能、磁化功与冷却输出独立留账；4250W整机冷却要求不等于本模型线圈耗散。',
+ '样品与局部夹持热容、磁体局部绕组热容均为宿主工程输入，非183/429/612kg整机热容；基础常温配置没有主动样品加热。载入取出质量体积、当前显热与磁态能量随库存转移。',
+ '为保持已实现能量边界，断电只允许零外场，非零场请求原子拒绝；停止采集只停止当前扫场并保留实际场，磁体电流及Joule耗散继续，需另设零场后才能断电。',
+ '锁相V=m*pickup_coupling*A*2πf/√2，含显式工程增益/零偏和一阶包络响应；average_time≥.01s真实区间积分，无随机噪声。解析振动姿态是宿主时刻采样，可混叠，不表示场景碰撞全频求解。',
+ '位移/角度/抽屉有限速率，样品仅在零场和振动关闭时移动；0.1°为真实设置分辨率，实际转角保留多圈，orientation仅提供周期等价场景姿态。',
+ '校准用外部给定的±已知标准磁矩及真实±场积分电压拟合零偏/增益，不读隐藏plant；defaultNi数值锚仅在原证书条件成立，host线性calibrant proxy不声称真实Ni全场响应或NIST认证。',
+ '分析仅读外部rows：分支线性零点给Hc/Mr，∫Bdm对于未闭合路径不是cycleloss；FORC用最多15邻点的局部二次混合导数，不假称FORCinel或真实微结构唯一识别。',
+ '所有角色普通acquisition.result/poll同样去身份，完整来源独立evaluator provenance.read；共享磁盘/Python不是OS隔离。硬件、机器人、真实噪声/准确度与附件温控not_run。']
+
+def export_lakeshore_8604vsm_contract_metadata():
+    slots={};caps={}
+    for k,v in SLOTS.items():slots[k]=dict(meaning_zh=v['meaning'],component_ids=[v['component']],value_schema=copy.deepcopy(v['schema']),unit=v['unit'],reference_conditions='SI, fixed standard poles ExactGAP2/86-LC, room temperature; magnetic field is externally applied B in air.',origin=v['origin'],visibility=v['visibility'],access='read_only',read_binding=dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',accessor=f'LakeShore8604VsmSession.read(state_ids=[{k!r}])'),write_via=None,sampling=dict(mode='instant',time_domain='simulation',window_description='Reads do not advance time; acquisition rows separately give actual integration windows, instantaneous detector state is not an interval mean.'),source_ids=['simulation_assumption'])
+    for k,v in CAPS.items():
+        un=k in UNSUPPORTED;async_=k in ('acquisition.start','calibration.start');caps[k]={key:copy.deepcopy(v[key]) for key in ['input_schema','output_schema','component_ids','function_zh','kind','visibility','example_arguments']}
+        caps[k].update(availability='unsupported' if un else 'implemented',implementation={layer:'absent' if un or layer in ('scene','robot','hardware') else 'implemented' for layer in ['process','scene','robot','hardware','host']},binding=None if un else dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',entrypoint='asset_runtime.lakeshore_8604vsm.LakeShore8604VsmSession.invoke',invocation=f'session.invoke(instance_id="vsm_01",capability_id={k!r},arguments={v["example_arguments"]!r},request_id="unique")'),preconditions=[] if un or v['kind'] in ('query','analysis') else [dict(description_zh='入口原子核对量程、选型、温域、供磁包络、零场机械移动和真实采集前提。',state_ids=['power.enabled','sample.present','sample.lift_m','field.target_t','vibration.enabled','acquisition.phase'],enforced_by='runtime',check='LakeShore8604VsmRuntime.invoke')],state_effects=[dict(state_id=s,timing='on_step' if k=='sim.step' else 'immediate',description_zh='声明状态变化；实际物理与观测只在step推进') for s in v['effects']],observes=[],model_effects=dict(mode='none',description_zh='运行层仅输出可绑定状态，实际几何和读数联动由独立scene证据验证。',binding_ids=[]),execution=dict(mode='asynchronous' if async_ else 'synchronous',time_domain='simulation',completion_criterion='所有有限扫场、等待与真实积分窗口完成' if async_ else '原子命令；仅step推进实际物理',completion_state_ids=['acquisition.phase'] if async_ else [],timeout_s=None,cancellation='supported' if async_ else 'unsupported',retry='same_request_id',resources=['host_clock','magnet_power_supply','vsm_head','lockin_detector'],partial_failure_zh='取消保留完成点、实际B和磁态、已积磁功/Joule热；停止记录不清空剩磁或热量。'),errors=[dict(code=e,meaning_zh=e,side_effects='partial' if async_ and e in ('MOMENT_OVERFLOW','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE','USER_CANCEL') else 'none') for e in ERRORS],verification=[],limitations=LIMITATIONS,source_ids=['manufacturer_primary','simulation_assumption','template_library'])
+        if k in ('acquisition.start','calibration.start','field.set_target','sample.set_lift','sample.set_angle','storage.set_open','vibration.configure'):
+            caps[k]['state_effects'] += [dict(state_id=s,timing='on_step',description_zh='由宿主显式时间推进物理或实际积分读数') for s in SLOTS if s not in v['effects'] and SLOTS[s]['origin'] in ('sensor','derived','scene','process_truth')]
+    mechanism=dict(component_ids=['magnet','power_supply','sample','sample_rotor','head_lift','vibration_carriage','controller','sense_coil_left','sense_coil_right'],state_ids=list(slots),meaning_zh='外磁场有限扫场、显式Preisach记忆、VSM锁相包络实际积分和电磁被动热守恒',implementation='lumped',equations=['H_external=B_applied/mu0; m_linear=(sample_mass/molar_mass)*chi_molar*H_external.','Preisach: state flips at B*cos(theta)=bias +/- coercivity; m_x=sum(moment_weight*state)*cos(theta)+a*B.','Switch: W=B_eff*dm, dU=bias*dm, Q=(B_eff-bias)*dm>=0; reversible linear U=0.5*a*B^2.','I=B/k; V=R*I+L*dI/dt; P_R=I^2*R, E_L=0.5*L*I^2. Electrical input=dE_L+Joule+magnetic work.','Cmag*dTmag/dt=I^2*R-Gmag*(Tmag-Tambient); Csample*dTsample/dt=-Gsample*(Tsample-Tambient)+hysteretic event heat.','V_inphase=engineering_gain*pickup_coupling*amplitude*2*pi*frequency*m/sqrt(2)+offset; detector tau*dV/dt=V_inphase-V.','Recorded Vbar=(integral V dt)/actual_window; observed moment=(Vbar-cal_offset)*cal_gain/nominal_sensitivity.','Calibration gain=2*external_reference_moment*nominal_sensitivity/(Vplus-Vminus); offset=(Vplus+Vminus)/2.','FORC rho=-0.5*d2(moment)/(dB*dBr), evaluated by local quadratic fit to external observations only.','Host step is sole clock, with fractional-nanosecond carry; switching/ramp/axis/integration events split propagation analytically.'],parameters={},source_ids=['simulation_assumption','template_library'],limitations=LIMITATIONS)
+    spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('_vsm_local_annotations',ROOT/'scripts/asset_runtime/_annotations.py');ann=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(ann);ann.KEY_ZH.update({k:v['meaning'] for k,v in SLOTS.items()});ann.annotate_export(SLUG,caps,slots,{'vsm_magnetometry':mechanism},inputs={'plant.configure':(PLANT,PLANT_EXAMPLE),'coil.configure':(COIL,COIL_EXAMPLE),'sample.load':(SAMPLE,SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),'standard.load':(STANDARD,STANDARD_EXAMPLE),'method.configure':(METHOD,METHOD_EXAMPLE),'forc.configure':(FORC,FORC_EXAMPLE),'vibration.configure':(VIBRATION,VIBRATION_EXAMPLE)})
+    for k,v in SLOTS.items():slots[k]['meaning_zh']=v['meaning']
+    return dict(asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID,catalog_id=CATALOG_ID,capabilities=caps,state_slots=slots,mechanisms={'vsm_magnetometry':mechanism})
diff --git a/scripts/asset_runtime/lakeshore_measurereadym91.py b/scripts/asset_runtime/lakeshore_measurereadym91.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a139166a1b2841a61b513f7da4bce56e781366c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/asset_runtime/lakeshore_measurereadym91.py
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+"""CHEM141 M91: traditional current/field reversal, external magnet and vdP.
+
+Only observed voltages/currents/fields enter inverse Hall/vdP fits. A host-controlled
+external field boundary evolves in time; M91 does not create a magnetic field.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
+PROTOCOL_VERSION='1.0.0';SLUG='lakeshore_measurereadym91';ASSET_TYPE_ID='instrument.'+SLUG;CATALOG_ID='CHEM-141'
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2];ASSET=ROOT/'assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal'/SLUG;LIBRARY_PATH=ASSET/'hall_library.json'
+
+class ActionRejected(ValueError):pass
+
+def number(unit='1',lo=None,hi=None):
+    s={'type':'number','x-unit':unit}
+    if lo is not None:s['minimum']=lo
+    if hi is not None:s['maximum']=hi
+    return s
+
+def obj(properties):return dict(type='object',properties=properties,required=list(properties),additionalProperties=False)
+def nullable(s):return {'anyOf':[s,{'type':'null'}]}
+def array(s,minimum=0,maximum=200001):return dict(type='array',items=s,minItems=minimum,maxItems=maximum)
+def enum(items):return {'type':'string','enum':items}
+BOOL={'type':'boolean'};TEXT={'type':'string'};PHASE=enum(['idle','running','succeeded','cancelled','failed'])
+
+def validate(s,v):
+    if 'anyOf' in s:
+        for o in s['anyOf']:
+            try:validate(o,v);return
+            except ActionRejected:pass
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    k=s.get('type')
+    if k in ('number','integer'):
+        if isinstance(v,bool) or not isinstance(v,(int,float)) or not math.isfinite(v) or k=='integer' and type(v) is not int or not s.get('minimum',-math.inf)<=v<=s.get('maximum',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='object':
+        if not isinstance(v,dict) or set(v)!=set(s['properties']):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for key,value in v.items():validate(s['properties'][key],value)
+    elif k=='array':
+        if not isinstance(v,list) or not s.get('minItems',0)<=len(v)<=s.get('maxItems',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for x in v:validate(s['items'],x)
+    elif k=='boolean' and type(v) is not bool:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='string' and not isinstance(v,str):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='null' and v is not None:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    if 'enum' in s and v not in s['enum']:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+
+from scipy.linalg import expm
+from scipy.optimize import brentq
+ELEMENTARY_CHARGE_C=1.602176634e-19
+WARMUP_S=1800.
+CURRENT_RANGES=[1e-6,1e-5,1e-4,1e-3,1e-2,1e-1]
+VOLTAGE_RANGES=[.001,.01,.1,1.,10.]
+VOLTAGE_EXCITATION_RANGES=[.01,.1,1.,10.]
+CURRENT_MEASUREMENT_RANGES=[1e-8,1e-5,.01,.1]
+CONTACTS=['vdp_a','vdp_b','hall']
+
+def library():return {x['id']:x for x in json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())['templates']}
+def transport(record,temperature,clamp=False):
+    curves=record['curves'];values={};lo=-math.inf;hi=math.inf
+    for key,field in [('hall_coefficient','value_m3_C'),('resistivity','value_ohm_m')]:
+        rows=curves[key];tt=np.array([v['temperature_K'] for v in rows]);vv=np.array([v[field] for v in rows]);lo=max(lo,float(tt[0]));hi=min(hi,float(tt[-1]));values[key]=float(np.interp(temperature,tt,vv))
+    allowed=record.get('valid_temperature_range_K',[lo,hi]);lo=max(lo,allowed[0]);hi=min(hi,allowed[1]);valid=lo-1e-6<=temperature<=hi+1e-6
+    if not valid and not clamp:return None
+    return dict(hall_coefficient_m3_c=values['hall_coefficient'],resistivity_ohm_m=values['resistivity'],valid=bool(valid),domain_k=[lo,hi])
+
+def vdp_resistances(sheet_ohm,asymmetry):return sheet_ohm*np.logaddexp(0.,np.array([asymmetry,-asymmetry]))/math.pi
+
+def external_field_at(initial,target,dt,slew,tau):
+    error=target-initial;edge=slew*tau
+    if abs(error)<=edge:return target-error*math.exp(-dt/tau)
+    linear_time=(abs(error)-edge)/slew
+    if dt<=linear_time:return initial+math.copysign(slew*dt,error)
+    return target-math.copysign(edge,error)*math.exp(-(dt-linear_time)/tau)
+
+def _linear_fit(X,y):
+    coefficient,_,rank,_=np.linalg.lstsq(X,y,rcond=None)
+    if rank<X.shape[1]:raise ActionRejected('ANALYSIS_UNIDENTIFIABLE')
+    return coefficient,float(np.sqrt(np.mean((np.asarray(y)-X@coefficient)**2)))
+
+def infer_hall_vdp(observations,thickness_m,hall_geometry_factor,hall_factor,field_symmetry_relative,accept_single_carrier_model):
+    if not accept_single_carrier_model:raise ActionRejected('ASSUMPTION_NOT_ACCEPTED')
+    t=np.array([x['host_time_s'] for x in observations]);I=np.array([x['current_a'] for x in observations]);B=np.array([x['field_t'] for x in observations]);V=np.array([x['voltage_v'] for x in observations]);configs=np.array([x['contact_configuration'] for x in observations]);iscale=max(np.max(abs(I)),1e-30);bscale=max(np.max(abs(B)),1e-30);times=(t-np.mean(t))/max(np.ptp(t),1e-12)
+    if not np.any(B>1e-6) or not np.any(B < -1e-6):raise ActionRejected('FIELD_REVERSAL_REQUIRED')
+    bp=float(np.mean(B[B>0]));bn=float(np.mean(B[B<0]))
+    if abs(bp+bn)/max(abs(bp),abs(bn))>field_symmetry_relative:raise ActionRejected('FIELD_PAIR_ASYMMETRY')
+    resistance=[];rms=[]
+    for name in CONTACTS[:2]:
+        idx=configs==name
+        if sum(idx)<4:raise ActionRejected('ANALYSIS_DATA')
+        X=np.column_stack([I[idx]/iscale,np.ones(sum(idx)),times[idx]]);fit,error=_linear_fit(X,V[idx]);R=float(fit[0]/iscale)
+        if not .01<=R<=1e7:raise ActionRejected('RESISTANCE_RANGE')
+        resistance.append(R);rms.append(error)
+    idx=configs=='hall'
+    if sum(idx)<6:raise ActionRejected('ANALYSIS_DATA')
+    X=np.column_stack([I[idx]/iscale,I[idx]*B[idx]/(iscale*bscale),np.ones(sum(idx)),times[idx]]);fit,error=_linear_fit(X,V[idx]);rms.append(error);RH=float(fit[1]/(iscale*bscale)*thickness_m/hall_geometry_factor)
+    if abs(RH)<1e-30:raise ActionRejected('HALL_UNRESOLVED')
+    ra,rb=resistance;sheet=brentq(lambda rs:math.exp(-math.pi*ra/rs)+math.exp(-math.pi*rb/rs)-1,min(ra,rb)*1e-6,math.pi*(ra+rb)*100,xtol=1e-13,rtol=1e-13);rho=sheet*thickness_m;nH=1/(ELEMENTARY_CHARGE_C*abs(RH));muH=abs(RH)/rho
+    return dict(hall_coefficient_m3_c=RH,resistivity_ohm_m=rho,sheet_resistance_ohm=sheet,vdp_resistance_a_ohm=ra,vdp_resistance_b_ohm=rb,hall_carrier_density_m3=nH,hall_mobility_m2_v_s=muH,assumed_single_carrier_density_m3=hall_factor*nH,assumed_drift_mobility_m2_v_s=muH/hall_factor,carrier_type='hole_like_positive_hall' if RH>0 else 'electron_like_negative_hall',fit_rms_v=max(rms),evidence='external_current_and_field_reversal_voltage_fit; scalar_van_der_Pauw_and_single_carrier_Hall_factor_assumptions; not_proprietary_FastHall_algorithm')
+
+PLANT_EXAMPLE=dict(ambient_k=300.,contact_asymmetry=.2,hall_misalignment_fraction=.02,hall_geometry_factor=1.,drive_geometry_factor=1.,current_contact_resistance_ohm=20.,compliance_voltage_v=10.,voltage_offset_a_v=2e-6,voltage_offset_b_v=-1e-6,voltage_offset_hall_v=3e-6,voltage_drift_v_s=1e-10,voltage_gain=1.,voltage_resolution_fraction=1e-7,voltage_response_tau_s=.002,temperature_resolution_k=1e-4,clamp_speed_m_s=.006,ui_tilt_speed_rad_s=.5,accept_engineering=True)
+PLANT=obj({'ambient_k':number('K',283.15,313.15),'contact_asymmetry':number('1',-5,5),'hall_misalignment_fraction':number('1',-.5,.5),'hall_geometry_factor':number('1',.1,2),'drive_geometry_factor':number('1',.1,100),'current_contact_resistance_ohm':number('ohm',0,1e9),'compliance_voltage_v':number('V',1,10),'voltage_offset_a_v':number('V',-.1,.1),'voltage_offset_b_v':number('V',-.1,.1),'voltage_offset_hall_v':number('V',-.1,.1),'voltage_drift_v_s':number('V/s',-1e-3,1e-3),'voltage_gain':number('1',.1,10),'voltage_resolution_fraction':number('1',1e-12,.01),'voltage_response_tau_s':number('s',1e-5,10),'temperature_resolution_k':number('K',1e-6,1),'clamp_speed_m_s':number('m/s',.00001,.1),'ui_tilt_speed_rad_s':number('rad/s',.0001,1.),'accept_engineering':BOOL})
+GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE=dict(side_m=.01,thickness_m=.0005)
+GEOMETRY=obj({'side_m':number('m',.001,.1),'thickness_m':number('m',1e-7,.01)})
+THERMAL_EXAMPLE=dict(minimum_temperature_k=290.,maximum_temperature_k=350.,closed_conductance_w_k=.2,open_conductance_w_k=.02,controller_gain_w_k=.5,heating_limit_w=5.,cooling_limit_w=5.,accept_external_thermal_boundary=True)
+THERMAL=obj({'minimum_temperature_k':number('K',1,1500),'maximum_temperature_k':number('K',1,1500),'closed_conductance_w_k':number('W/K',1e-6,1000),'open_conductance_w_k':number('W/K',0,1000),'controller_gain_w_k':number('W/K',1e-6,1e5),'heating_limit_w':number('W',.001,1e5),'cooling_limit_w':number('W',.001,1e5),'accept_external_thermal_boundary':BOOL})
+FIELD_EXAMPLE=dict(maximum_abs_t=2.,slew_t_s=1.,response_tau_s=.1,probe_gain=1.,probe_offset_t=0.,probe_resolution_t=1e-7,accept_external_magnet=True)
+FIELD=obj({'maximum_abs_t':number('T',.001,100),'slew_t_s':number('T/s',1e-6,100),'response_tau_s':number('s',.001,1e5),'probe_gain':number('1',.1,10),'probe_offset_t':number('T',-1,1),'probe_resolution_t':number('T',1e-12,.1),'accept_external_magnet':BOOL})
+SAMPLE_EXAMPLE=dict(reference_id='starry_40927',density_kg_m3=6000.,specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k=300.,initial_temperature_k=300.,accept_directional_scalar_and_thermal_assumptions=True)
+SAMPLE=obj({'reference_id':TEXT,'density_kg_m3':number('kg/m^3',1,30000),'specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k':number('J/kg/K',1,10000),'initial_temperature_k':number('K',1,1500),'accept_directional_scalar_and_thermal_assumptions':BOOL})
+METHOD_EXAMPLE=dict(current_range_a=.001,current_a=.0005,voltage_range_v=.001,phase_duration_s=.1,repeats=1,field_settling_tolerance_t=1e-4)
+METHOD=obj({'current_range_a':dict(type='number',enum=CURRENT_RANGES,**{'x-unit':'A'}),'current_a':number('A',0,.1),'voltage_range_v':dict(type='number',enum=VOLTAGE_RANGES,**{'x-unit':'V'}),'phase_duration_s':number('s',.001,60),'repeats':dict(type='integer',minimum=1,maximum=100,**{'x-unit':'1'}),'field_settling_tolerance_t':number('T',1e-8,.1)})
+VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE=dict(voltage_range_v=.1,voltage_v=.01,current_measurement_range_a=.01,current_limit_a=.1,current_resolution_fraction=1e-7)
+VOLTAGE=obj({'voltage_range_v':dict(type='number',enum=VOLTAGE_EXCITATION_RANGES,**{'x-unit':'V'}),'voltage_v':number('V',0,10),'current_measurement_range_a':dict(type='number',enum=CURRENT_MEASUREMENT_RANGES,**{'x-unit':'A'}),'current_limit_a':number('A',1e-7,.1),'current_resolution_fraction':number('1',1e-12,.01)})
+CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE=dict(voltage_gain_correction=1.,voltage_offset_v=0.,field_gain_correction=1.,field_offset_t=0.)
+CALIBRATION=obj({'voltage_gain_correction':number('1',.1,10),'voltage_offset_v':number('V',-.1,.1),'field_gain_correction':number('1',.1,10),'field_offset_t':number('T',-1,1)})
+CONTACT_SCHEMA=enum(CONTACTS)
+ROW=obj({'time_s':number('s',0),'host_time_s':number('s',0),'contact_configuration':CONTACT_SCHEMA,'polarity':enum(['zero','positive','negative']),'current_a':nullable(number('A')),'voltage_v':nullable(number('V')),'field_t':nullable(number('T')),'temperature_k':nullable(number('K')),'quality':enum(['estimated','unavailable']),'error_code':nullable(TEXT)})
+ANALYSIS_ROW=obj({'host_time_s':number('s',0),'contact_configuration':CONTACT_SCHEMA,'current_a':number('A'),'voltage_v':number('V'),'field_t':number('T')})
+ANALYSIS_INPUT=obj({'observations':array(ANALYSIS_ROW,18,2000),'thickness_m':number('m',1e-7,.01),'hall_geometry_factor':number('1',.1,2),'hall_factor':number('1',.1,10),'field_symmetry_relative':number('1',1e-6,.1),'accept_single_carrier_model':BOOL})
+INFERENCE=obj({'hall_coefficient_m3_c':number('m^3/C'),'resistivity_ohm_m':number('ohm*m',0),'sheet_resistance_ohm':number('ohm',0),'vdp_resistance_a_ohm':number('ohm',0),'vdp_resistance_b_ohm':number('ohm',0),'hall_carrier_density_m3':number('1/m^3',0),'hall_mobility_m2_v_s':number('m^2/V/s',0),'assumed_single_carrier_density_m3':number('1/m^3',0),'assumed_drift_mobility_m2_v_s':number('m^2/V/s',0),'carrier_type':enum(['hole_like_positive_hall','electron_like_negative_hall']),'fit_rms_v':number('V',0),'evidence':TEXT})
+_ex=[]
+for block,B in enumerate([.5,-.5]):
+ for j,name in enumerate(CONTACTS):
+  for k,I in enumerate([0.,.0005,-.0005]):
+   tm=block*5+j*.3+k*.1;R=[.2,.3,.001*B/.0005+.03][j];_ex.append(dict(host_time_s=tm,contact_configuration=name,current_a=I,voltage_v=I*R+2e-6+1e-8*tm,field_t=B))
+ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE=dict(observations=_ex,thickness_m=.0005,hall_geometry_factor=1.,hall_factor=1.,field_symmetry_relative=.01,accept_single_carrier_model=True)
+RESULT=obj({'operation_id':nullable(TEXT),'phase':PHASE,'elapsed_s':number('s',0),'rows':array(ROW,0,900),'template_source':nullable(TEXT),'evidence':TEXT,'error_code':nullable(TEXT)})
+CAPS={};SLOTS={}
+def cap(k,i,o,c,z,kind='device_command',visibility='agent',example=None):CAPS[k]=dict(input_schema=i,output_schema=o,component_ids=c,function_zh=z,kind=kind,visibility=visibility,example_arguments=copy.deepcopy(example or {}),effects=[])
+def slot(k,s,u,z,origin='derived',visibility='agent',component='controller'):SLOTS[k]=dict(schema=s,unit=u,meaning=z,origin=origin,visibility=visibility,component=component,write=None)
+cap('plant.configure',PLANT,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['controller','contact_carriage'],'宿主显式接触/顺从电压/传感/几何误差参数，非OEM精度常数','configuration','evaluator',PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+cap('geometry.configure',GEOMETRY,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['sample_sheet'],'方形vdP薄片几何，四角接点；装样后锁定质量体积','configuration','evaluator',GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE)
+cap('thermal.configure',THERMAL,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['thermal_port'],'宿主外部工程热边界，非M91加热器或OEM温控系统','configuration','evaluator',THERMAL_EXAMPLE)
+cap('field.configure',FIELD,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['field_reference'],'宿主外部磁体边界及场探头，磁体参数不冒充M91能力','configuration','evaluator',FIELD_EXAMPLE)
+cap('field.set_target',obj({'field_t':number('T',-100,100)}),obj({'target_t':number('T')}),['field_reference'],'仅宿主设置外场目标；实际B受slew/τ随step演化，M91本体不造磁','simulation','evaluator',{'field_t':.5})
+cap('sample.load',SAMPLE,obj({'loaded':BOOL}),['sample_sheet'],'装入带真实RH/rho实验曲线的样品，热参数与标量方向明确接受','configuration','evaluator',SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+cap('sample.remove',obj({}),obj({'loaded':BOOL}),['sample_sheet'],'卸下整片及当前显热，保留已焦耳耗散账','configuration','evaluator')
+cap('sample.set_clamp',obj({'closed':BOOL}),obj({'target_m':number('m',0,.012)}),['contact_carriage'],'宿主手动四针整体抬起/接触，有限移动代理','simulation','evaluator',{'closed':True})
+cap('ui.set_tilt',obj({'angle_rad':number('rad',0,.26)}),obj({'target_rad':number('rad',0,.26)}),['controller'],'TiltView人工调角有限速度代理，范围为工程假设','simulation','evaluator',{'angle_rad':.13})
+cap('power.set',obj({'enabled':BOOL}),obj({'enabled':BOOL}),['power_button'],'控制器电源；每次重新上电需宿主累计1800s预热，短按动画仅状态代理',example={'enabled':True})
+cap('thermal.set_temperature',obj({'temperature_k':number('K',1,1500)}),obj({'target_k':number('K')}),['thermal_port'],'宿主外部热控制目标，温度只随step变化','simulation','evaluator',{'temperature_k':300.})
+cap('thermal.disable',obj({}),obj({'enabled':BOOL}),['thermal_port'],'停止外部主动调温，已有显热和焦耳过程不回滚','simulation','evaluator')
+cap('method.configure',METHOD,obj({'configured':BOOL,'programmed_current_a':number('A',0,.1)}),['controller'],'电流六档及每档1e-5分辨率，电压量程是满量程非最小信号阈值','configuration',example=METHOD_EXAMPLE)
+cap('options.configure',obj({'high_resistance_firmware_enabled':BOOL}),obj({'high_resistance_firmware_enabled':BOOL}),['controller'],'宿主明确选择M9-ADD-HR固件以开放电压激励，默认未选；不宣称200GΩ全域计量','configuration','evaluator',{'high_resistance_firmware_enabled':True})
+cap('excitation.voltage.configure',VOLTAGE,obj({'configured':BOOL,'programmed_voltage_v':number('V',0,10),'current_limit_a':number('A',1e-7,.1)}),['controller'],'HR固件下配置并选择电压激励：电压编程1e-5满档；真实负载电流、独立电流量程和显式分辨率模型','configuration',example=VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE)
+cap('sensor.calibrate',CALIBRATION,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['controller','field_reference'],'使用外部标准给出的电压和场探头校正，不读取真值','configuration',example=CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE)
+cap('acquisition.start',obj({}),obj({'operation_id':TEXT,'expected_duration_s':number('s',0)}),['controller','contact_carriage'],'在一个已稳定外场下依次采vdP-A/vdP-B/Hall的零/正/负激励观测；current模式±I、voltage模式±V')
+cap('acquisition.stop',obj({}),obj({'phase':PHASE,'elapsed_s':number('s',0)}),['controller'],'停止激励并冻结已完成相，外部场和已有显热继续演化')
+cap('acquisition.result',obj({}),RESULT,['controller'],'公开反转原始观测，所有会话统一隐去选中来源','query')
+cap('analysis.hall_vdp',ANALYSIS_INPUT,INFERENCE,['controller'],'从两种相反外场实测代理拟合电流/磁场反转项并数值解vdP；非FastHall私有算法','analysis',example=ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE)
+cap('provenance.read',obj({}),obj({'reference_id':nullable(TEXT),'template_source':nullable(TEXT),'evidence':TEXT}),['controller'],'仅宿主读取当前真实RH/rho曲线记录','query','evaluator')
+LEDGER_UNITS=dict(mass_loaded_kg='kg',mass_present_kg='kg',mass_removed_kg='kg',mass_error_kg='kg',volume_loaded_m3='m^3',volume_present_m3='m^3',volume_removed_m3='m^3',volume_error_m3='m^3',source_input_j='J',sample_joule_j='J',contact_heat_export_j='J',electrical_error_j='J',controller_input_j='J',ambient_loss_j='J',loaded_sensible_j='J',removed_sensible_j='J',thermal_stored_j='J',thermal_energy_error_j='J')
+cap('ledger.read',obj({}),obj({k:number(u) for k,u in LEDGER_UNITS.items()}),['controller'],'样品质量/体积/显热/焦耳、接触热外流与外部温控账；不计外部磁体供电','query','evaluator')
+cap('sim.step',obj({'dt_s':number('s',0,86400)}),obj({'time_s':number('s',0)}),['controller'],'单一宿主时间推进真实1800s预热、外部磁场、温度与反转采样','simulation','evaluator',{'dt_s':10.})
+UNSUPPORTED=['hardware.connect','robot.load','measurement.fasthall_proprietary','measurement.hall_bar','measurement.high_resistance_200gohm_range','measurement.multicarrier_tensor','noise.empirical','accuracy.certification']
+for k in UNSUPPORTED:cap(k,obj({}),obj({}),['controller'],'未实现：'+k)
+for k,c in [('plant.configured','controller'),('geometry.configured','sample_sheet'),('thermal.configured','thermal_port'),('field.configured','field_reference'),('sample.present','sample_sheet'),('power.enabled','power_button'),('warmup.ready','controller'),('thermal.enabled','thermal_port'),('clamp.moving','contact_carriage')]:slot(k,BOOL,'1','当前配置/运行状态',component=c)
+for k,z in [('clamp.position_m','四针当前上提量'),('clamp.target_m','四针目标上提量')]:slot(k,number('m',0,.012),'m',z+'；0接触/.012装卸开放','setpoint' if 'target' in k else 'scene',component='contact_carriage')
+for k,z in [('ui.tilt_rad','TiltView当前手动代理角'),('ui.target_tilt_rad','TiltView目标手动代理角')]:slot(k,number('rad',0,.26),'rad',z+'，范围和速度为工程假设','setpoint' if 'target' in k else 'scene',component='controller')
+slot('power.position_m',number('m',0,.0015),'m','电源按键100ms三角按下释放姿态代理，不把通电状态当永久按住','scene',component='power_button')
+slot('warmup.elapsed_s',number('s',0,1800),'s','当前连续供电累计预热，1800s封顶，掉电清零')
+slot('thermal.target_k',number('K'),'K','宿主外部热边界目标','setpoint',component='thermal_port')
+slot('thermal.indicated_k',nullable(number('K')),'K','样品与固定0.1J/K夹具集中节点量化观测','sensor',component='sample_sheet')
+slot('field.target_t',number('T'),'T','宿主外部磁体目标，不是M91磁场输出','setpoint',component='field_reference')
+slot('field.indicated_t',nullable(number('T')),'T','外部探头增益/偏置/量化后的垂直样品场观测','sensor',component='field_reference')
+slot('excitation.programmed_current_a',number('A',0,.1),'A','经当前量程1e-5分辨率量化的电流幅度','setpoint')
+slot('options.high_resistance_firmware_enabled',BOOL,'1','宿主明确配置的M9-ADD-HR固件选型，默认关闭')
+slot('excitation.mode',enum(['current','voltage']),'1','当前激励模式；method.configure回到电流模式，电压模式须已选HR固件','setpoint')
+slot('excitation.programmed_voltage_v',number('V',0,10),'V','电压模式经1e-5满档量化的源幅度，电流模式为零','setpoint')
+slot('excitation.current_measurement_range_a',nullable(number('A',1e-8,.1)),'A','电压模式下独立电流观测满量程；不会据此限制实际电流','setpoint')
+slot('excitation.source_voltage_v',nullable(number('V',-10,10)),'V','当前实际源端电压模型估计，触发限流或顺从后按真实负载计算，不等于四接点输入电压','derived')
+slot('measured.current_a',nullable(number('A')),'A','电流模式为实际源电流估计；电压模式为显式分辨率量化电流观测，独立测量档溢出不可用','sensor')
+slot('measured.voltage_v',nullable(number('V')),'V','当前接点配置的量化电压观测；不把所有相都叫Hall电压','sensor')
+slot('acquisition.contact_configuration',enum(CONTACTS+['idle']),'1','当前真实测量接点配置')
+slot('acquisition.polarity',enum(['zero','positive','negative']),'1','当前电流相，停止时为零')
+slot('clock.time_s',number('s',0),'s','唯一宿主时钟')
+slot('acquisition.phase',PHASE,'1','异步反转采样状态')
+slot('acquisition.elapsed_s',number('s',0),'s','本次真实采样时长')
+slot('acquisition.points',{'type':'integer','minimum':0,'maximum':900,'x-unit':'1'},'1','实际完成相数')
+for k,u in [('truth.sample_k','K'),('truth.field_t','T'),('truth.sample_mass_kg','kg')]:slot(k,nullable(number(u)),u,'宿主真实样品/外部场状态，非代理可见真值','process_truth','evaluator')
+
+class LakeShoreMeasurereadyM91Runtime:
+    def __init__(self,instance_id='m91_01'):
+        self.instance_id=instance_id;self.plant=None;self.geometry=None;self.thermal=None;self.field=None;self.sample=None;self.record=None;self.power=False;self._power_started_ns=None;self._button_started_ns=-1000000000;self.thermal_enabled=False;self.target=300.;self.field_actual=0.;self.field_target=0.;self.axes={'clamp':dict(position=.012,target=.012,start=.012,start_ns=0,arrival_ns=0),'ui':dict(position=0.,target=0.,start=0.,start_ns=0,arrival_ns=0)};self.x=np.zeros(7);self.time_ns=0;self._clock_remainder_ns=0.;self.revision=0;self.method=copy.deepcopy(METHOD_EXAMPLE);self.programmed_current=METHOD_EXAMPLE['current_a'];self.calibration=copy.deepcopy(CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);self.high_resistance_firmware_enabled=False;self.excitation_mode='current';self.voltage=copy.deepcopy(VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE);self.programmed_voltage=VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE['voltage_v'];self.current_limit=VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE['current_limit_a'];self.phase='idle';self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.error=None;self.operation_id=None;self._counter=0;self._start_ns=0;self._phase_index=0;self.expected_duration=0.;self.records={};self._principals={};self._requests={};self._owners={};self._cancel_operations={};self._source=None;self._reference_id=None;self._evidence='no_sample';self._operation_source=None;self._operation_evidence='no_measurement';self.mass_loaded=self.mass_removed=self.volume_loaded=self.volume_removed=self.loaded_sensible=self.removed_sensible=0.
+    @property
+    def time_s(self):return self.time_ns/1e9
+    def register_principal(self,principal_id,visibility='agent'):
+        if not isinstance(principal_id,str) or not principal_id or principal_id in self._principals or visibility not in ('agent','debug','evaluator'):raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self._principals[principal_id]=visibility
+    def session(self,principal_id):
+        if principal_id not in self._principals:raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return LakeShoreMeasurereadyM91Session(self,principal_id)
+    def describe(self):return export_lakeshore_measurereadym91_contract_metadata()
+    def _warmup(self):return min(WARMUP_S,(self.time_ns-self._power_started_ns)/1e9) if self.power and self._power_started_ns is not None else 0.
+    def _moving(self,key):return self.time_ns<self.axes[key]['arrival_ns']
+    def _closed(self):return self.axes['clamp']['position']<=1e-12 and self.axes['clamp']['target']==0.
+    def _volume(self):return self.geometry['side_m']**2*self.geometry['thickness_m'] if self.sample else 0.
+    def _mass(self):return self._volume()*self.sample['density_kg_m3'] if self.sample else 0.
+    def _capacity(self):return .1+(self._mass()*self.sample['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k'] if self.sample else 0.)
+    def _temperature(self):return self.plant['ambient_k']+float(self.x[0]) if self.plant else None
+    def _contact(self):return CONTACTS[(self._phase_index//3)%3] if self.phase=='running' else 'idle'
+    def _polarity(self):return ['zero','positive','negative'][self._phase_index%3] if self.phase=='running' else 'zero'
+    def _button_position(self):
+        t=(self.time_ns-self._button_started_ns)/1e9
+        return .0015*(1-abs(t-.05)/.05) if 0<=t<=.1 else 0.
+    def _field_at(self,t):return external_field_at(self.field_actual,self.field_target,t,self.field['slew_t_s'],self.field['response_tau_s']) if self.field else self.field_actual
+    def _field_observed(self,B=None):
+        if not self.field:return None
+        B=self.field_actual if B is None else B;f=self.field;c=self.calibration;v=(f['probe_gain']*B+f['probe_offset_t']-c['field_offset_t'])*c['field_gain_correction'];return float(round(v/f['probe_resolution_t'])*f['probe_resolution_t'])
+    def _electrical(self,T=None,B=None):
+        if not self.sample or not self.power or self.phase!='running' or not self._closed():return dict(current=0.,requested=0.,voltage=0.,source_voltage=0.,sample_power=0.,contact_power=0.,valid=True,compliance=False,resistance=0.)
+        T=self._temperature() if T is None else T;B=self.field_actual if B is None else B;v=transport(self.record,T,clamp=True);sheet=v['resistivity_ohm_m']/self.geometry['thickness_m'];ra,rb=vdp_resistances(sheet,self.plant['contact_asymmetry']);bulk=sheet*self.plant['drive_geometry_factor'];contact=self.plant['current_contact_resistance_ohm'];sign={'zero':0.,'positive':1.,'negative':-1.}[self._polarity()]
+        if self.excitation_mode=='voltage':
+            requested=self.programmed_voltage*sign/(bulk+contact);I=math.copysign(min(abs(requested),self.current_limit),requested)
+        else:
+            requested=self.programmed_current*sign;I=math.copysign(min(abs(requested),self.plant['compliance_voltage_v']/(bulk+contact)),requested)
+        configuration=self._contact();R=float(ra if configuration=='vdp_a' else rb if configuration=='vdp_b' else v['hall_coefficient_m3_c']*B/self.geometry['thickness_m']*self.plant['hall_geometry_factor']+self.plant['hall_misalignment_fraction']*math.sqrt(ra*rb));return dict(current=I,requested=requested,voltage=I*R,source_voltage=I*(bulk+contact),sample_power=I*I*bulk,contact_power=I*I*contact,valid=v['valid'],compliance=abs(I-requested)>max(abs(requested)*1e-10,1e-18),resistance=R)
+    def _observed_current(self,e=None):
+        if not self.power or self.phase!='running':return None
+        e=self._electrical() if e is None else e
+        if self.excitation_mode=='current':return e['current']
+        full=self.voltage['current_measurement_range_a']
+        if abs(e['current'])>full:return None
+        q=full*self.voltage['current_resolution_fraction'];return float(round(e['current']/q)*q)
+    def _observed_voltage(self):
+        if not self.power or self.phase!='running':return None
+        c=self.calibration;voltage=(self.x[1]-c['voltage_offset_v'])*c['voltage_gain_correction']
+        if abs(voltage)>self.method['voltage_range_v']:return None
+        q=self.method['voltage_range_v']*self.plant['voltage_resolution_fraction'];return float(round(voltage/q)*q)
+    def read(self,role='evaluator'):
+        if role not in ('agent','debug','evaluator'):raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        active=self.power and self.phase=='running';e=self._electrical();d={'plant.configured':self.plant is not None,'geometry.configured':self.geometry is not None,'thermal.configured':self.thermal is not None,'field.configured':self.field is not None,'sample.present':self.sample is not None,'power.enabled':self.power,'warmup.ready':self._warmup()>=WARMUP_S,'thermal.enabled':self.thermal_enabled,'clamp.moving':self._moving('clamp'),'clamp.position_m':self.axes['clamp']['position'],'clamp.target_m':self.axes['clamp']['target'],'ui.tilt_rad':self.axes['ui']['position'],'ui.target_tilt_rad':self.axes['ui']['target'],'power.position_m':self._button_position(),'warmup.elapsed_s':self._warmup(),'thermal.target_k':self.target,'thermal.indicated_k':float(round(self._temperature()/self.plant['temperature_resolution_k'])*self.plant['temperature_resolution_k']) if self.plant and self.thermal else None,'field.target_t':self.field_target,'field.indicated_t':self._field_observed(),'excitation.programmed_current_a':self.programmed_current,'measured.current_a':self._observed_current(e),'options.high_resistance_firmware_enabled':self.high_resistance_firmware_enabled,'excitation.mode':self.excitation_mode,'excitation.programmed_voltage_v':self.programmed_voltage if self.excitation_mode=='voltage' else 0.,'excitation.current_measurement_range_a':self.voltage['current_measurement_range_a'] if self.excitation_mode=='voltage' else None,'excitation.source_voltage_v':e['source_voltage'] if active else None,'measured.voltage_v':self._observed_voltage(),'acquisition.contact_configuration':self._contact(),'acquisition.polarity':self._polarity(),'clock.time_s':self.time_s,'acquisition.phase':self.phase,'acquisition.elapsed_s':self.elapsed,'acquisition.points':len(self.rows),'truth.sample_k':self._temperature(),'truth.field_t':self.field_actual if self.field else None,'truth.sample_mass_kg':self._mass() if self.sample else None}
+        return {k:v for k,v in d.items() if role!='agent' or SLOTS[k]['visibility']=='agent'}
+    def _propagate(self,ns):
+        if not ns:return
+        dt=ns/1e9;field_end=self._field_at(dt)
+        if not self.plant or not self.thermal:self.field_actual=field_end;return
+        p=self.plant;th=self.thermal;C=self._capacity();G=th['closed_conductance_w_k'] if self._closed() else th['open_conductance_w_k'];K=th['controller_gain_w_k'] if self.thermal_enabled and self._closed() else 0.;target=self.target-p['ambient_k'];active=self.power and self.phase=='running'
+        def thermal_control(delta):return min(th['heating_limit_w'],max(-th['cooling_limit_w'],(K+G)*target-K*delta)) if K else 0.
+        if active:
+            name=self._contact();offset=p[{'vdp_a':'voltage_offset_a_v','vdp_b':'voltage_offset_b_v','hall':'voltage_offset_hall_v'}[name]];start_time=self.time_s
+            def rhs(t,y):
+                e=self._electrical(p['ambient_k']+y[0],self._field_at(t));controller=thermal_control(y[0]);ambient=G*y[0];signal=p['voltage_gain']*e['voltage']+offset+p['voltage_drift_v_s']*(start_time+t);return [(controller-ambient+e['sample_power'])/C,(signal-y[1])/p['voltage_response_tau_s'],e['sample_power'],e['contact_power'],e['current']*e['source_voltage'],controller,ambient]
+            sol=solve_ivp(rhs,(0.,dt),self.x,method='Radau',rtol=1e-10,atol=[1e-11,1e-14,1e-15,1e-15,1e-15,1e-12,1e-12])
+            if not sol.success:raise RuntimeError('INTEGRATION_FAILED')
+            self.x=sol.y[:,-1]
+        else:
+            initial=float(self.x[0]);low=min(initial,0.,target);high=max(initial,0.,target);saturated=K and ((K+G)*target-K*low>th['heating_limit_w'] or (K+G)*target-K*high < -th['cooling_limit_w'])
+            if saturated:
+                def rhs(_t,y):
+                    control=thermal_control(y[0]);ambient=G*y[0];return [(control-ambient)/C,control,ambient]
+                sol=solve_ivp(rhs,(0.,dt),[self.x[0],self.x[5],self.x[6]],method='Radau',rtol=1e-10,atol=1e-11)
+                if not sol.success:raise RuntimeError('THERMAL_INTEGRATION_FAILED')
+                self.x[[0,5,6]]=sol.y[:,-1]
+            else:
+                A=np.zeros((4,4));A[0,0]=-(G+K)/C;A[0,3]=(K+G)*target/C if K else 0.;A[1,0]=-K;A[1,3]=(K+G)*target if K else 0.;A[2,0]=G;self.x[[0,5,6]]=(expm(A*dt)@np.array([self.x[0],self.x[5],self.x[6],1.]))[:3]
+            self.x[1]*=math.exp(-dt/p['voltage_response_tau_s'])
+        self.field_actual=field_end
+    def _ledger(self):
+        stored=self._capacity()*float(self.x[0]);joule,contact,source,control,ambient=self.x[2:];return dict(mass_loaded_kg=self.mass_loaded,mass_present_kg=self._mass(),mass_removed_kg=self.mass_removed,mass_error_kg=self.mass_loaded-self._mass()-self.mass_removed,volume_loaded_m3=self.volume_loaded,volume_present_m3=self._volume(),volume_removed_m3=self.volume_removed,volume_error_m3=self.volume_loaded-self._volume()-self.volume_removed,source_input_j=float(source),sample_joule_j=float(joule),contact_heat_export_j=float(contact),electrical_error_j=float(source-joule-contact),controller_input_j=float(control),ambient_loss_j=float(ambient),loaded_sensible_j=self.loaded_sensible,removed_sensible_j=self.removed_sensible,thermal_stored_j=stored,thermal_energy_error_j=float(control+joule-ambient+self.loaded_sensible-self.removed_sensible-stored))
+    def _result(self):return dict(operation_id=self.operation_id,phase=self.phase,elapsed_s=self.elapsed,rows=copy.deepcopy(self.rows),template_source=self._operation_source,evidence=self._operation_evidence,error_code=self.error)
+    def _finish(self,phase,error=None):
+        self.phase=phase;self.error=error
+        if self.operation_id:self.records[self.operation_id]=self._result()
+    def _record(self):
+        e=self._electrical();voltage=self._observed_voltage();current=self._observed_current(e);error='REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE' if not e['valid'] else 'SOURCE_COMPLIANCE' if e['compliance'] else 'CURRENT_MEASUREMENT_OVERFLOW' if current is None else 'VOLTAGE_OVERFLOW' if voltage is None else None
+        if not error and self._contact()!='hall' and self._polarity()!='zero' and not .01<=abs(e['resistance'])<=1e7:error='RESISTANCE_RANGE'
+        self.rows.append(dict(time_s=self.elapsed,host_time_s=self.time_s,contact_configuration=self._contact(),polarity=self._polarity(),current_a=current,voltage_v=voltage,field_t=self._field_observed(),temperature_k=self.read()['thermal.indicated_k'],quality='unavailable' if error else 'estimated',error_code=error));self._phase_index+=1
+        if error:self._finish('failed',error)
+        elif self._phase_index>=9*self.method['repeats']:self._finish('succeeded')
+    def invoke(self,capability,**a):
+        if capability not in CAPS:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        validate(CAPS[capability]['input_schema'],a)
+        if capability in UNSUPPORTED:raise ActionRejected('UNSUPPORTED')
+        if capability=='analysis.hall_vdp':return infer_hall_vdp(**a)
+        if capability=='acquisition.result':return self._result()
+        if capability=='provenance.read':return dict(reference_id=self._reference_id,template_source=self._source,evidence=self._evidence)
+        if capability=='ledger.read':return self._ledger()
+        if capability=='sim.step':self.step(a['dt_s']);return {'time_s':self.time_s}
+        if self.phase=='running' and capability not in ('acquisition.stop','power.set'):raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+        if capability=='plant.configure':
+            if self.plant or not a['accept_engineering']:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.plant=copy.deepcopy(a);self.target=a['ambient_k'];out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='geometry.configure':
+            if self.sample:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.geometry=copy.deepcopy(a);out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='thermal.configure':
+            if not self.plant or self.thermal or not a['accept_external_thermal_boundary'] or not a['minimum_temperature_k']<=self.plant['ambient_k']<=a['maximum_temperature_k'] or a['minimum_temperature_k']>=a['maximum_temperature_k']:raise ActionRejected('THERMAL_ENVELOPE')
+            self.thermal=copy.deepcopy(a);out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='field.configure':
+            if self.field or not a['accept_external_magnet']:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.field=copy.deepcopy(a);out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='field.set_target':
+            if not self.field or abs(a['field_t'])>self.field['maximum_abs_t']:raise ActionRejected('FIELD_ENVELOPE')
+            self.field_target=a['field_t'];out={'target_t':self.field_target}
+        elif capability=='sample.load':
+            if not self.plant or not self.thermal or not self.geometry or self.sample or self._moving('clamp') or self.axes['clamp']['position']<.011 or not a['accept_directional_scalar_and_thermal_assumptions']:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            record=library().get(a['reference_id'])
+            if record is None:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_REFERENCE')
+            if transport(record,a['initial_temperature_k']) is None:raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            if not self.thermal['minimum_temperature_k']<=a['initial_temperature_k']<=self.thermal['maximum_temperature_k']:raise ActionRejected('THERMAL_ENVELOPE')
+            old=self._capacity();self.sample=copy.deepcopy(a);self.record=copy.deepcopy(record);new=self._capacity();delta=a['initial_temperature_k']-self.plant['ambient_k'];self.x[0]=(old*self.x[0]+(new-old)*delta)/new;self.loaded_sensible+=(new-old)*delta;self.mass_loaded+=self._mass();self.volume_loaded+=self._volume();self._reference_id=a['reference_id'];self._source=json.dumps(record['source'],ensure_ascii=False,sort_keys=True);self._evidence='experimental_signed_Hall_and_resistivity_digitized_curves; scalar_directional_and_thermal_parameters_explicit_assumptions';out={'loaded':True}
+        elif capability=='sample.remove':
+            if not self.sample or self._moving('clamp') or self.axes['clamp']['position']<.011:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.mass_removed+=self._mass();self.volume_removed+=self._volume();self.removed_sensible+=self._mass()*self.sample['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k']*float(self.x[0]);self.sample=self.record=None;self._source=self._reference_id=None;self._evidence='no_sample';out={'loaded':False}
+        elif capability in ('sample.set_clamp','ui.set_tilt'):
+            if not self.plant:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            key='clamp' if capability=='sample.set_clamp' else 'ui';target=(0. if a['closed'] else .012) if key=='clamp' else a['angle_rad'];speed=self.plant['clamp_speed_m_s' if key=='clamp' else 'ui_tilt_speed_rad_s'];axis=self.axes[key];axis.update(target=target,start=axis['position'],start_ns=self.time_ns,arrival_ns=self.time_ns+round(abs(target-axis['position'])/speed*1e9));out={'target_m' if key=='clamp' else 'target_rad':target}
+        elif capability=='power.set':
+            if not a['enabled'] and self.phase=='running':self._finish('cancelled','POWER_OFF')
+            if a['enabled']!=self.power:self._button_started_ns=self.time_ns;self._power_started_ns=self.time_ns if a['enabled'] else None
+            self.power=a['enabled'];out={'enabled':self.power}
+        elif capability=='thermal.set_temperature':
+            if not self.thermal or not self.thermal['minimum_temperature_k']<=a['temperature_k']<=self.thermal['maximum_temperature_k']:raise ActionRejected('THERMAL_ENVELOPE')
+            self.target=a['temperature_k'];self.thermal_enabled=True;out={'target_k':self.target}
+        elif capability=='thermal.disable':self.thermal_enabled=False;out={'enabled':False}
+        elif capability=='method.configure':
+            if a['current_a']>a['current_range_a'] or abs(a['phase_duration_s']*1e9-round(a['phase_duration_s']*1e9))>1e-4:raise ActionRejected('CURRENT_OR_TIME_RANGE')
+            quantum=a['current_range_a']*1e-5;programmed=float(round(a['current_a']/quantum)*quantum);self.method=copy.deepcopy(a);self.programmed_current=programmed;self.excitation_mode='current';out={'configured':True,'programmed_current_a':programmed}
+        elif capability=='options.configure':
+            if not a['high_resistance_firmware_enabled'] and self.excitation_mode=='voltage':raise ActionRejected('EXCITATION_MODE_ACTIVE')
+            self.high_resistance_firmware_enabled=a['high_resistance_firmware_enabled'];out={'high_resistance_firmware_enabled':self.high_resistance_firmware_enabled}
+        elif capability=='excitation.voltage.configure':
+            if not self.high_resistance_firmware_enabled:raise ActionRejected('HIGH_RESISTANCE_FIRMWARE_REQUIRED')
+            if a['voltage_v']>a['voltage_range_v']:raise ActionRejected('VOLTAGE_EXCITATION_RANGE')
+            voltage_quantum=a['voltage_range_v']*1e-5;programmed=float(round(a['voltage_v']/voltage_quantum)*voltage_quantum);limit_full=next(fs for fs in CURRENT_RANGES if fs>=a['current_limit_a']);limit_quantum=limit_full*.001;limit=float(round(a['current_limit_a']/limit_quantum)*limit_quantum)
+            self.voltage=copy.deepcopy(a);self.programmed_voltage=programmed;self.current_limit=limit;self.excitation_mode='voltage';out={'configured':True,'programmed_voltage_v':programmed,'current_limit_a':limit}
+        elif capability=='sensor.calibrate':self.calibration=copy.deepcopy(a);out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='acquisition.start':
+            if not self.power or not self.plant or not self.geometry or not self.thermal or not self.field or not self.sample or not self._closed() or self._moving('clamp'):raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            if self._warmup()<WARMUP_S:raise ActionRejected('WARMUP_REQUIRED')
+            if (self.programmed_current if self.excitation_mode=='current' else self.programmed_voltage)<=0:raise ActionRejected('ZERO_EXCITATION')
+            if self.excitation_mode=='voltage' and not self.high_resistance_firmware_enabled:raise ActionRejected('HIGH_RESISTANCE_FIRMWARE_REQUIRED')
+            if abs(self.field_target-self.field_actual)>self.method['field_settling_tolerance_t']:raise ActionRejected('FIELD_NOT_SETTLED')
+            if transport(self.record,self._temperature()) is None:raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            self._counter+=1;self.operation_id=f'{self.instance_id}:acquisition:{self._counter}';self._operation_source=self._source;self._operation_evidence=self._evidence;self.phase='running';self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.error=None;self._start_ns=self.time_ns;self._phase_index=0;self.expected_duration=9*self.method['repeats']*round(self.method['phase_duration_s']*1e9)/1e9;out={'operation_id':self.operation_id,'expected_duration_s':self.expected_duration}
+        elif capability=='acquisition.stop':
+            if self.phase!='running':raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+            self._finish('cancelled','USER_CANCEL');out={'phase':self.phase,'elapsed_s':self.elapsed}
+        else:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        self.revision+=1;return copy.deepcopy(out)
+    def step(self,dt_s):
+        validate(number('s',0,86400),dt_s);total=math.fsum((self._clock_remainder_ns,dt_s*1e9));ns=round(total);self._clock_remainder_ns=total-ns
+        if not ns:return
+        end=self.time_ns+ns
+        while self.time_ns<end:
+            boundary=end
+            for key in self.axes:
+                if self._moving(key):boundary=min(boundary,self.axes[key]['arrival_ns'])
+            if self.phase=='running':boundary=min(boundary,self._start_ns+(self._phase_index+1)*round(self.method['phase_duration_s']*1e9))
+            self._propagate(boundary-self.time_ns);self.time_ns=boundary
+            if self.plant:
+                for key,axis in self.axes.items():
+                    speed=self.plant['clamp_speed_m_s' if key=='clamp' else 'ui_tilt_speed_rad_s'];axis['position']=axis['target'] if self.time_ns>=axis['arrival_ns'] else axis['start']+math.copysign(speed*(self.time_ns-axis['start_ns'])/1e9,axis['target']-axis['start'])
+            if self.phase=='running':
+                self.elapsed=(self.time_ns-self._start_ns)/1e9
+                if self.time_ns==self._start_ns+(self._phase_index+1)*round(self.method['phase_duration_s']*1e9):self._record()
+        self.revision+=1
+
+class LakeShoreMeasurereadyM91Session:
+    def __init__(self, host, principal_id): self._host = host; self._principal = principal_id
+    @property
+    def _role(self): return self._host._principals[self._principal]
+    def _target(self, instance_id):
+        if instance_id != self._host.instance_id: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+    def describe(self, *, instance_id=None, asset_type_id=None):
+        if (instance_id is None) == (asset_type_id is None): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if instance_id is not None: self._target(instance_id)
+        if asset_type_id is not None and asset_type_id != ASSET_TYPE_ID: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+        meta = export_lakeshore_measurereadym91_contract_metadata()
+        return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID, asset_version='1.0.0', capabilities={k:v for k,v in meta['capabilities'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'}, state_slots={k:v for k,v in meta['state_slots'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'})
+    def read(self, *, instance_id, state_ids=None):
+        self._target(instance_id); h=self._host; values=h.read(self._role); ids=list(values) if state_ids is None else state_ids
+        if not isinstance(ids,list) or any(not isinstance(k,str) for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if any(k not in values for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return dict(instance_id=instance_id, status='succeeded', state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s}, observations={k:dict(value=copy.deepcopy(values[k]),unit=SLOTS[k]['unit'],quality='unavailable' if values[k] is None else 'estimated' if SLOTS[k]['origin'] in ('sensor','derived') else 'valid',sample_time_s=h.time_s,sample_window_s=None) for k in ids})
+    def _filter_result(self, result):
+        result = copy.deepcopy(result)
+        # A bridge may dispatch agent-visible capabilities through a privileged
+        # session. Public acquisition payloads therefore use the SAME redaction
+        # for every role. Full provenance has its own evaluator-only capability.
+        if 'rows' in result and 'template_source' in result:
+            result['template_source'] = str(LIBRARY_PATH.relative_to(ROOT)) + '; selected record provenance available only through evaluator provenance.read' if result['template_source'] is not None else None
+            result['evidence'] = 'observed_contact_voltages_current_and_external_field_with_explicit_scalar_Hall_vdP_assumptions; selected template details require evaluator provenance.read' if result['operation_id'] is not None else 'no_measurement'
+        return result
+    def invoke(self, *, instance_id, capability_id, arguments, request_id):
+        h=self._host
+        try:
+            self._target(instance_id)
+            if not isinstance(capability_id,str) or capability_id not in CAPS: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+            if self._role=='agent' and CAPS[capability_id]['visibility']!='agent': raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'],arguments); key=(self._principal,request_id); digest=json.dumps([capability_id,arguments],sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+            if key in h._requests:
+                old,response=h._requests[key]
+                if old!=digest: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+                return copy.deepcopy(response)
+            if capability_id in ('acquisition.stop','acquisition.result') and self._role=='agent' and h.operation_id and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if capability_id=='power.set' and not arguments['enabled'] and h.phase=='running' and self._role=='agent' and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            result=self._filter_result(h.invoke(capability_id,**arguments)); operation=result.get('operation_id') if capability_id=='acquisition.start' else None
+            if operation: h._owners[operation]=self._principal
+            response=dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=operation,status='accepted' if operation else 'succeeded',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result=result,observations={},error=None)
+            h._requests[key]=(digest,copy.deepcopy(response)); return response
+        except ActionRejected as exc:
+            return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=None,status='unsupported' if str(exc)=='UNSUPPORTED' else 'rejected',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result={},observations={},error=dict(code=str(exc),message=str(exc),retryable=False,side_effects='none'))
+    def write(self, *, instance_id, state_id, value, request_id):
+        self._target(instance_id); entry=SLOTS.get(state_id)
+        if not entry or not entry['write']: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        capability,argument=entry['write']; return self.invoke(instance_id=instance_id,capability_id=capability,arguments={argument:value},request_id=request_id)
+    def poll(self, operation_id):
+        h=self._host
+        if h._owners.get(operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        result=h._result() if operation_id==h.operation_id and h.phase=='running' else h.records.get(operation_id)
+        if result is None: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_OPERATION')
+        return dict(operation_id=operation_id,status=result['phase'],result=self._filter_result(result))
+    def cancel(self, operation_id, request_id):
+        self.poll(operation_id); h=self._host
+        if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        key=(self._principal,request_id)
+        if key in h._cancel_operations:
+            if h._cancel_operations[key]!=operation_id: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+            return copy.deepcopy(h._requests[key][1])
+        if key in h._requests: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        if operation_id!=h.operation_id or h.phase!='running': raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+        result=self.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.stop',arguments={},request_id=request_id)
+        if result['status']=='succeeded': h._cancel_operations[key]=operation_id
+        return result
+
+EFFECTS={
+ 'plant.configure':['plant.configured','thermal.target_k','truth.sample_k'],
+ 'geometry.configure':['geometry.configured'],
+ 'thermal.configure':['thermal.configured','thermal.indicated_k'],
+ 'field.configure':['field.configured','field.indicated_t','truth.field_t'],
+ 'field.set_target':['field.target_t'],
+ 'sample.load':['sample.present','truth.sample_mass_kg','truth.sample_k','thermal.indicated_k'],
+ 'sample.remove':['sample.present','truth.sample_mass_kg'],
+ 'sample.set_clamp':['clamp.target_m','clamp.moving'],
+ 'ui.set_tilt':['ui.target_tilt_rad'],
+ 'power.set':['power.enabled','power.position_m','warmup.ready','warmup.elapsed_s','acquisition.phase','measured.current_a','measured.voltage_v','acquisition.contact_configuration','acquisition.polarity','excitation.source_voltage_v'],
+ 'thermal.set_temperature':['thermal.target_k','thermal.enabled'],'thermal.disable':['thermal.enabled'],
+ 'method.configure':['excitation.programmed_current_a','excitation.mode','excitation.programmed_voltage_v','excitation.current_measurement_range_a'],
+ 'options.configure':['options.high_resistance_firmware_enabled'],
+ 'excitation.voltage.configure':['excitation.mode','excitation.programmed_voltage_v','excitation.current_measurement_range_a'],
+ 'sensor.calibrate':['field.indicated_t','measured.voltage_v'],
+ 'acquisition.start':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.elapsed_s','acquisition.points','acquisition.contact_configuration','acquisition.polarity','measured.current_a','measured.voltage_v','excitation.source_voltage_v'],
+ 'acquisition.stop':['acquisition.phase','measured.current_a','measured.voltage_v','acquisition.contact_configuration','acquisition.polarity','excitation.source_voltage_v'],
+ 'sim.step':list(SLOTS)}
+for k,v in EFFECTS.items():CAPS[k]['effects']=v
+ERRORS=sorted(set(__import__('re').findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_0-9]+)'",Path(__file__).read_text()))|{'POWER_OFF','USER_CANCEL','SOURCE_COMPLIANCE','CURRENT_MEASUREMENT_OVERFLOW','VOLTAGE_OVERFLOW','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE','RESISTANCE_RANGE'})
+
+def export_lakeshore_measurereadym91_contract_metadata():
+    slots={};caps={}
+    for k,v in SLOTS.items():
+        slots[k]=dict(meaning_zh=v['meaning'],component_ids=[v['component']],value_schema=copy.deepcopy(v['schema']),unit=v['unit'],reference_conditions='SI; four-corner thin uniform scalar sheet; external normal B; conventional current and external-field reversal.',origin=v['origin'],visibility=v['visibility'],access='read_only',read_binding=dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',accessor=f'LakeShoreMeasurereadyM91Session.read(state_ids=[{k!r}])'),write_via=None,sampling=dict(mode='instant',time_domain='simulation',window_description='Only explicit host step advances field, thermal, motion, detector response and 1800s warmup. Each zero/positive/negative excitation phase records its endpoint after declared dwell: current mode uses +/-I and voltage mode uses +/-V.'),source_ids=['simulation_assumption'])
+    limits=[
+      '本体是M91 Hall控制器；磁体、样品夹具、场探头和温控边界由宿主明确组合，不虚构机内磁场或样品加热器。外部磁体供电/磁能不在本体电热账内。',
+      '本模型实现M91实际支持的传统电流/外部磁场反转vdP子集。FastHall无需物理反磁私有算法、Hall bar及200GΩ全域高阻计量未实现；电压激励明确依赖宿主选择M9-ADD-HR固件；不把unsupported负例称实现验证。',
+      '上电后只由真实宿主时间累计1800s预热，每次掉电清零；read/配置不推进时间，重复power.set(True)不重置已连续预热。',
+      '电流源六量程1µA至100mA，每档编程步长1e-5×满量程；1µA档10pA是分辨率，1µA不是可编程电流下限。电压观测五量程1mV至10V是满量程，微伏信号不因小于1mV而拒绝。',
+      '电压源四满量程10mV/100mV/1V/10V，编程步长1e-5×量程，10mV档可编程100nV而非最小输出10mV。仅M9-ADD-HR固件明确启用后可切换电压模式；method.configure切回电流模式。',
+      '电压模式实际I=Vset/(Rdrive+Rcontact)，源电流limit按0.1%满档量化，自动满档采用最小可容纳限值电流档的显式工程规则（厂家未公开该自动选档细节），SCPI保守范围100nA至100mA；概述0至100mA与SCPI下限不同已记录。限流后实际Vsource=Iactual*(Rdrive+Rcontact)，并保留功率后标compliance失败。',
+      '电压模式电流观测四满量程10nA/10µA/10mA/100mA依手册，官网不同分组未混用；current_resolution_fraction仅宿主工程量化模型，非OEM精度/噪声。测量档溢出不限制实际电流，观测current_a为null并失败，不允许null进入反演。',
+      '基础电阻范围10mΩ至10MΩ。电流源宿主顺从电压1至10V；达到顺从时实际电流按样品与两电流接触总阻抗降额，保留真实焦耳热并将测量标失败，不能假称目标电流已达到。',
+      '默认10×10mm、厚0.5mm四角薄片；geometry.configure只改变过程几何，静态示例mesh不自动缩放。装样时质量=ρside²d，载入后禁止改几何；卸样带走全部样品质量/体积及显热。',
+      '真实库提供实验数字化带符号RH(T)和rho(T)，不同温网格分别线性插值；有效域与原论文保守温区相交。未由Seebeck推Hall符号，无域外材料外推有效读数。',
+      '密度、Cp、接触电阻、接触非对称、Hall几何因子、驱动几何因子和传感增益/偏置/τ/分辨率为宿主明确假设，不能当64种样品实测参数或OEM精度常数。',
+      '薄片均匀、简单连通、四角小接触、标量方向代表是假设；不求解有限接触电流密度、张量各向异性、磁阻、非线性I-V或多载流子输运。vdP前向RA/RB满足指数恒等式但接触非对称不来自3D电流场求解。',
+      '反演只使用外部观测I,V,B及时间，分别拟合电流奇项、I×B项、常偏置与线性漂移，再数值解vdP。两种B需方向相反且幅度满足显式容差，未宣称免反磁FastHall。',
+      'nH=1/(e|RH|)、muH=|RH|/rho是Hall派生量；额外n=rH*nH、mu=muH/rH依赖宿主显式单载流子Hall因子。ZrNiSn等来源可能多带，不把这些派生值冒充真实总载流子浓度。',
+      '每个外场操作为vdP-A、vdP-B和Hall接点各零/正/负激励（电流模式±I、电压模式±V），按实际phase_duration等待并求一阶电压传感响应；有限响应或温漂会产生可见拟合偏差，非瞬时真值直抄。',
+      '外部磁场满足有限slew和一阶响应，set_target只写目标；切换场时拒绝正在采样的操作。M91断电不关闭独立外部场/温控，取消仅停止测量激励并冻结已有相，已有热量继续交换。',
+      '样品与固定0.1J/K夹具热容共一个工程集中节点。闭合夹具由外部热控制器调温，开夹转为环境热交换；显式加热/冷却功率上限与热导未知必须输入，不借用主机35W供电当加热功率。',
+      '源电能分为样品I²R热和接触热导出环境，样品热与外部控制器/环境/装卸显热闭合；未计外部磁体功耗、Peltier/Thomson或磁化能，热账仅此明确电阻性子模型。',
+      'TiltView可手动倾斜，角范围/速度是工程代理；电源为100ms短按三角姿态不保持压下，低帧率可能看不到完整按键动作。显示覆盖为任意当前接点配置电压，并非每相都是Hall电压。',
+      '所有Session公开result/poll即使evaluator转发也统一去除所选来源，privileged provenance.read单独返回当前样品溯源；操作结果保存采样时来源快照，Python/磁盘共享不是OS安全隔离。',
+      '真实硬件校准、OEM精度/噪声、FastHall性能、机器人装样、完整电磁场/接触求解、外部温控与磁体硬件联调not_run。']
+    for k,v in CAPS.items():
+        un=k in UNSUPPORTED;async_=k=='acquisition.start';caps[k]={key:copy.deepcopy(v[key]) for key in ['input_schema','output_schema','component_ids','function_zh','kind','visibility','example_arguments']}
+        caps[k].update(availability='unsupported' if un else 'implemented',implementation={layer:'absent' if un or layer in ('scene','robot','hardware') else 'implemented' for layer in ['process','scene','robot','hardware','host']},binding=None if un else dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',entrypoint='asset_runtime.lakeshore_measurereadym91.LakeShoreMeasurereadyM91Session.invoke',invocation=f'session.invoke(instance_id="m91_01",capability_id={k!r},arguments={v["example_arguments"]!r},request_id="unique")'),preconditions=[] if un or v['kind'] in ('query','analysis') else [dict(description_zh='运行入口原子检查明确外场/热条件、夹持、真实1800s预热、参考温域、量程和异步所有权。',state_ids=['power.enabled','warmup.ready','sample.present','clamp.position_m','field.configured','acquisition.phase'],enforced_by='runtime',check='LakeShoreMeasurereadyM91Runtime.invoke guards before commit')],state_effects=[dict(state_id=s,timing='immediate',description_zh='命令实际即时状态变化') for s in v['effects']],observes=[],model_effects=dict(mode='none',description_zh='只输出可映射状态，实际场景验证单独登记。',binding_ids=[]),execution=dict(mode='asynchronous' if async_ else 'synchronous',time_domain='simulation',completion_criterion='各接点配置的零/正/负激励相按真实停留时间采样，全部完成或测量范围错误终止' if async_ else '原子命令；预热/外场/电热/机械/采样仅宿主step推进',completion_state_ids=['acquisition.phase'] if async_ else [],timeout_s=None,cancellation='supported' if async_ else 'unsupported',retry='same_request_id',resources=['host_clock','external_magnet','four_contact_fixture','programmable_source','voltmeter'],partial_failure_zh='取消/断电停止电流并冻结已完成测量相；外部场和独立温控、已积显热继续。范围错误保留不可用相后停止激励。'),errors=[dict(code=e,meaning_zh=e,side_effects='partial' if async_ and e in ('POWER_OFF','USER_CANCEL','SOURCE_COMPLIANCE','CURRENT_MEASUREMENT_OVERFLOW','VOLTAGE_OVERFLOW','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE','RESISTANCE_RANGE') else 'none') for e in ERRORS],verification=[],limitations=limits,source_ids=['manufacturer_primary','simulation_assumption','template_library'])
+        if k in ('thermal.set_temperature','thermal.disable','sample.set_clamp','ui.set_tilt','field.set_target','acquisition.start','power.set'):
+            caps[k]['state_effects'] += [dict(state_id=s,timing='on_step',description_zh='宿主时间推进外场、预热、电热、机械或实际测量相') for s in SLOTS if s not in v['effects'] and s not in ('plant.configured','geometry.configured','thermal.configured','field.configured','sample.present','power.enabled')]
+    mechanism=dict(component_ids=['controller','contact_carriage','sample_sheet','thermal_port','field_reference'],state_ids=list(slots),meaning_zh='传统外部磁场与电流反转的四接点Hall及van der Pauw观测反演，真实预热、有限场响应与电热质量账',implementation='lumped',equations=[
+      'Rs=rho(T)/d; RA=Rs*log(1+exp(u))/pi; RB=Rs*log(1+exp(-u))/pi. Therefore exp(-pi*RA/Rs)+exp(-pi*RB/Rs)=1. u is declared contact-asymmetry proxy.',
+      'Current step=range*1e-5; Current mode:Iactual=sign(Iset)*min(abs(Iset),Vcompliance/(Rs*drive_geometry_factor+Rcontact)),1<=Vcompliance<=10V. Voltage mode:Irequested=Vset/(Rdrive+Rcontact),Iactual=sign(Irequested)*min(abs(Irequested),Ilimit),Vactual=Iactual*(Rdrive+Rcontact);Ilimit100nA..100mA with0.1%FS programming and explicitly assumed smallest-containing-FS selection. Voltage ranges limit maximum magnitude, not minimum resolvable measured signal.',
+      'V_A=I*RA; V_B=I*RB; V_H=I*(RH(T)*B/d*hall_geometry_factor+misalignment*sqrt(RA*RB)). Gain/offset/linear drift feed explicit first-order detector dz/dt=(Vsignal-z)/tau.',
+      'dB/dt=clip((Btarget-B)/tau,-slew,+slew), integrated analytically through transition. Field and thermal source are external boundaries and continue independently of M91 logical power.',
+      'External inverse fits V=R*I+offset+drift*t for A/B and V=Rmisalign*I+(RH*g/d)*I*B+offset+drift*t for Hall. A bracketing root solves vdP sheet resistance using observed RA/RB only.',
+      'nH=1/(e*abs(RH)),muH=abs(RH)/rho; assumed single-carrier n=rH*nH,mu=muH/rH. Hall sign labels Hall response only; multiband true carrier populations are not inferred.',
+      'Psource=I*Vsource=I²*(Rdrive+Rcontact); Psample=I²*Rdrive; Pcontact_export=I²*Rcontact. Csample_total*dT/dt=Pcontroller+Psample-G*(T-Ta), Csample_total=0.1J/K+rho_mass*volume*Cp.',
+      'Pcontroller=clip((K+G)*(Ttarget-Ta)-K*(T-Ta),-cooling_limit,+heating_limit) when clamped and external controller enabled. Open clamp uses ambient Gopen and no active controller. Incoming/outgoing sample sensible heat is ledgered.',
+      'Idle linear thermal states use exact matrix exponential; active detector/temperature-dependent electrical model uses Radau integration with sampling-event boundaries; nanosecond residual carries fractional host timestep (e.g.60Hz). Warmup is1800 host seconds after last powerup.'],parameters={},source_ids=['simulation_assumption','template_library'],limitations=limits)
+    spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('_m91_local_annotations',ROOT/'scripts/asset_runtime/_annotations.py');ann=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(ann);ann.KEY_ZH.update({k:v['meaning'] for k,v in SLOTS.items()});ann.annotate_export(SLUG,caps,slots,{'hall_van_der_pauw':mechanism},inputs={'plant.configure':(PLANT,PLANT_EXAMPLE),'geometry.configure':(GEOMETRY,GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE),'thermal.configure':(THERMAL,THERMAL_EXAMPLE),'field.configure':(FIELD,FIELD_EXAMPLE),'sample.load':(SAMPLE,SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),'method.configure':(METHOD,METHOD_EXAMPLE),'excitation.voltage.configure':(VOLTAGE,VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE)})
+    for key,value in SLOTS.items():slots[key]['meaning_zh']=value['meaning']
+    return dict(asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID,catalog_id=CATALOG_ID,capabilities=caps,state_slots=slots,mechanisms={'hall_van_der_pauw':mechanism})
diff --git a/scripts/asset_runtime/novocontrol_alphat.py b/scripts/asset_runtime/novocontrol_alphat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dc8231f8272a4fcbd22594c4b56d1b0a05d8de45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/asset_runtime/novocontrol_alphat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+"""CHEM140 Alpha-T RevC with current converter: observed phasor spectroscopy.
+
+Finite dwell,50ohm generator loading,external OSL inverse calibration and explicit
+thermal budgets. Static dielectric references never become claimed measured spectra.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
+PROTOCOL_VERSION='1.0.0';SLUG='novocontrol_alphat';ASSET_TYPE_ID='instrument.'+SLUG;CATALOG_ID='CHEM-140'
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2];ASSET=ROOT/'assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal'/SLUG;LIBRARY_PATH=ASSET/'dielectric_library.json'
+
+class ActionRejected(ValueError):pass
+
+def number(unit='1',lo=None,hi=None):
+    s={'type':'number','x-unit':unit}
+    if lo is not None:s['minimum']=lo
+    if hi is not None:s['maximum']=hi
+    return s
+
+def obj(properties):return dict(type='object',properties=properties,required=list(properties),additionalProperties=False)
+def nullable(s):return {'anyOf':[s,{'type':'null'}]}
+def array(s,minimum=0,maximum=200001):return dict(type='array',items=s,minItems=minimum,maxItems=maximum)
+def enum(items):return {'type':'string','enum':items}
+BOOL={'type':'boolean'};TEXT={'type':'string'};PHASE=enum(['idle','running','succeeded','cancelled','failed'])
+
+def validate(s,v):
+    if 'anyOf' in s:
+        for o in s['anyOf']:
+            try:validate(o,v);return
+            except ActionRejected:pass
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    k=s.get('type')
+    if k in ('number','integer'):
+        if isinstance(v,bool) or not isinstance(v,(int,float)) or not math.isfinite(v) or k=='integer' and type(v) is not int or not s.get('minimum',-math.inf)<=v<=s.get('maximum',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='object':
+        if not isinstance(v,dict) or set(v)!=set(s['properties']):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for key,value in v.items():validate(s['properties'][key],value)
+    elif k=='array':
+        if not isinstance(v,list) or not s.get('minItems',0)<=len(v)<=s.get('maxItems',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for x in v:validate(s['items'],x)
+    elif k=='boolean' and type(v) is not bool:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='string' and not isinstance(v,str):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='null' and v is not None:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    if 'enum' in s and v not in s['enum']:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+
+from scipy.linalg import expm
+EPS0=8.8541878128e-12
+SOURCE_RESISTANCE_OHM=50.
+CONVERTER_LIMIT_A=.04
+MIN_POINT_S=1/10.5
+
+def library():return {x['id']:x for x in json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())['templates']}
+def cx(unit):return obj({'real':number(unit),'imag':number(unit)})
+def pack(z):return dict(real=float(complex(z).real),imag=float(complex(z).imag))
+def unpack(v):return complex(v['real'],v['imag'])
+def vacuum_capacitance(diameter_m,thickness_m):return EPS0*math.pi*(diameter_m/2)**2/thickness_m
+
+def dielectric_response(epsilon_static,epsilon_infinity,relaxation_time_s,dc_conductivity_s_m,frequency_hz):
+    w=2*math.pi*frequency_hz;return epsilon_infinity+(epsilon_static-epsilon_infinity)/(1+1j*w*relaxation_time_s)-1j*dc_conductivity_s_m/(w*EPS0)
+
+def infer_dielectric(frequency_hz,voltage_rms,current_rms,diameter_m,thickness_m):
+    voltage=unpack(voltage_rms);current=unpack(current_rms)
+    if abs(voltage)<1e-30 or abs(current)<1e-30:raise ActionRejected('ANALYSIS_ZERO_SIGNAL')
+    z=voltage/current
+    if not math.isfinite(z.real) or not math.isfinite(z.imag) or abs(z)<1e-300:raise ActionRejected('ANALYSIS_DATA')
+    y=1/z;w=2*math.pi*frequency_hz;c0=vacuum_capacitance(diameter_m,thickness_m);eps=y/(1j*w*c0)
+    if eps.real<=0 or -eps.imag < -1e-9*max(abs(eps),1.):raise ActionRejected('NONPASSIVE_OR_NONCAPACITIVE_RESULT')
+    loss=max(0.,-eps.imag)
+    return dict(impedance_ohm=pack(z),epsilon_real=float(eps.real),epsilon_loss=float(loss),tan_delta=float(loss/eps.real),parallel_capacitance_f=float(c0*eps.real),conductivity_real_s_m=float(w*EPS0*loss),conductivity_imag_s_m=float(w*EPS0*eps.real),evidence='inverse_of_supplied_RMS_complex_voltage_and_current; epsilon=Y/(j*omega*C0); sigma_real_includes_dielectric_loss_not_only_dc_conduction')
+
+def solve_osl(frequency_hz,open_measured_ohm,short_measured_ohm,load_measured_ohm,load_resistance_ohm):
+    zo,zs,zl=map(unpack,[open_measured_ohm,short_measured_ohm,load_measured_ohm]);scale=max(abs(zo),abs(zs),abs(zl),1e-30)
+    if abs(zo)<1e-30 or abs(zl-zs)<1e-12*max(abs(zl),abs(zs),1e-30) or abs(zo-zs)<1e-12*scale:raise ActionRejected('CALIBRATION_DEGENERATE')
+    a=load_resistance_ohm*(1-zl/zo)/(zl-zs);b=-a*zs;c=-1/zo
+    if not all(math.isfinite(v) for z in (a,b,c) for v in (z.real,z.imag)):raise ActionRejected('CALIBRATION_DEGENERATE')
+    return dict(frequency_hz=frequency_hz,a=pack(a),b_ohm=pack(b),c_s=pack(c),evidence='three_standard_Mobius_inverse_from_external_open_short_load_measurements; no_hidden_fixture_or_gain_access')
+
+def correct_impedance(z,calibration):
+    denominator=unpack(calibration['c_s'])*z+1
+    if abs(denominator)<1e-14:raise ActionRejected('CALIBRATION_SINGULAR')
+    return (unpack(calibration['a'])*z+unpack(calibration['b_ohm']))/denominator
+
+PLANT_EXAMPLE=dict(ambient_k=293.2,fixture_series_resistance_ohm=.2,fixture_series_inductance_h=1e-7,fixture_parallel_capacitance_f=2e-12,fixture_parallel_conductance_s=1e-10,voltage_gain_magnitude=1.,voltage_gain_phase_rad=0.,current_gain_magnitude=1.,current_gain_phase_rad=0.,voltage_resolution_v=1e-10,current_resolution_a=1e-18,detector_tau_s=.002,temperature_resolution_k=1e-4,clamp_speed_m_s=.025,accept_engineering=True)
+PLANT=obj({'ambient_k':number('K',283.15,313.15),'fixture_series_resistance_ohm':number('ohm',0,1e6),'fixture_series_inductance_h':number('H',0,1),'fixture_parallel_capacitance_f':number('F',1e-18,1e-3),'fixture_parallel_conductance_s':number('S',0,1),'voltage_gain_magnitude':number('1',.1,10),'voltage_gain_phase_rad':number('rad',-math.pi,math.pi),'current_gain_magnitude':number('1',.1,10),'current_gain_phase_rad':number('rad',-math.pi,math.pi),'voltage_resolution_v':number('V',1e-15,.1),'current_resolution_a':number('A',1e-24,.001),'detector_tau_s':number('s',1e-6,100),'temperature_resolution_k':number('K',1e-6,1),'clamp_speed_m_s':number('m/s',.0001,.1),'accept_engineering':BOOL})
+GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE=dict(diameter_m=.02,thickness_m=.001)
+GEOMETRY=obj({'diameter_m':number('m',.001,.1),'thickness_m':number('m',1e-6,.02)})
+THERMAL_EXAMPLE=dict(minimum_temperature_k=293.15,maximum_temperature_k=303.15,bath_capacity_j_k=5.,bath_ambient_conductance_w_k=.1,sample_bath_conductance_w_k=.5,open_sample_ambient_conductance_w_k=.05,controller_gain_w_k=5.,heating_limit_w=30.,cooling_limit_w=30.,accept_external_engineering_system=True)
+THERMAL=obj({'minimum_temperature_k':number('K',100,1000),'maximum_temperature_k':number('K',100,1000),'bath_capacity_j_k':number('J/K',.001,1e7),'bath_ambient_conductance_w_k':number('W/K',0,1000),'sample_bath_conductance_w_k':number('W/K',1e-6,1000),'open_sample_ambient_conductance_w_k':number('W/K',0,100),'controller_gain_w_k':number('W/K',1e-6,1e5),'heating_limit_w':number('W',.001,1e5),'cooling_limit_w':number('W',.001,1e5),'accept_external_engineering_system':BOOL})
+SAMPLE_EXAMPLE=dict(reference_id='water_crc_7732_18_5',epsilon_infinity=4.9,relaxation_time_s=1e-11,dc_conductivity_s_m=5e-6,density_kg_m3=1000.,specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k=4180.,initial_temperature_k=293.2,temperature_tolerance_k=.5,accept_spectrum_assumption=True,accept_thermal_assumption=True)
+SAMPLE=obj({'reference_id':TEXT,'epsilon_infinity':number('1',1,1e5),'relaxation_time_s':number('s',1e-15,1e12),'dc_conductivity_s_m':number('S/m',0,1e8),'density_kg_m3':number('kg/m^3',1,30000),'specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k':number('J/kg/K',1,10000),'initial_temperature_k':number('K',100,1000),'temperature_tolerance_k':number('K',.0001,2.),'accept_spectrum_assumption':BOOL,'accept_thermal_assumption':BOOL})
+METHOD_EXAMPLE=dict(frequencies_hz=[10.,100.,1000.,10000.,100000.],source_voltage_rms_v=.3,cycles_per_point=1,settling_s=.01,require_calibration=False)
+METHOD=obj({'frequencies_hz':array(number('Hz',3e-6,4e7),1,2001),'source_voltage_rms_v':number('V',0,3),'cycles_per_point':dict(type='integer',minimum=1,maximum=1000,**{'x-unit':'1'}),'settling_s':number('s',0,10000),'require_calibration':BOOL})
+MODE=enum(['sample','open','short','load'])
+OSL_INPUT=obj({'frequency_hz':number('Hz',3e-6,4e7),'open_measured_ohm':cx('ohm'),'short_measured_ohm':cx('ohm'),'load_measured_ohm':cx('ohm'),'load_resistance_ohm':number('ohm',.01,1e12)})
+OSL_RESULT=obj({'frequency_hz':number('Hz',3e-6,4e7),'a':cx('1'),'b_ohm':cx('ohm'),'c_s':cx('S'),'evidence':TEXT})
+OSL_EXAMPLE=dict(frequency_hz=1000.,open_measured_ohm=pack(100-1e6j),short_measured_ohm=pack(.2+.0006j),load_measured_ohm=pack(1000.199+.999j),load_resistance_ohm=1000.)
+ANALYSIS_INPUT=obj({'frequency_hz':number('Hz',3e-6,4e7),'voltage_rms':cx('V'),'current_rms':cx('A'),'diameter_m':number('m',.001,.1),'thickness_m':number('m',1e-6,.02)})
+ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE=dict(frequency_hz=1000.,voltage_rms=pack(1.),current_rms=pack(1e-8+1e-6j),diameter_m=.02,thickness_m=.001)
+INFERENCE=obj({'impedance_ohm':cx('ohm'),'epsilon_real':number('1',0),'epsilon_loss':number('1',0),'tan_delta':number('1',0),'parallel_capacitance_f':number('F',0),'conductivity_real_s_m':number('S/m',0),'conductivity_imag_s_m':number('S/m',0),'evidence':TEXT})
+ROW=obj({'time_s':number('s',0),'host_time_s':number('s',0),'frequency_hz':number('Hz'),'point_duration_s':number('s',0),'load_mode':MODE,'source_voltage_rms_v':number('V'),'voltage_rms':nullable(cx('V')),'current_rms':nullable(cx('A')),'raw_impedance_ohm':nullable(cx('ohm')),'impedance_ohm':nullable(cx('ohm')),'epsilon_real':nullable(number('1')),'epsilon_loss':nullable(number('1')),'tan_delta':nullable(number('1')),'parallel_capacitance_f':nullable(number('F')),'conductivity_real_s_m':nullable(number('S/m')),'conductivity_imag_s_m':nullable(number('S/m')),'sample_temperature_k':nullable(number('K')),'calibration_applied':BOOL,'quality':enum(['estimated','unavailable']),'error_code':nullable(TEXT)})
+RESULT=obj({'operation_id':nullable(TEXT),'phase':PHASE,'elapsed_s':number('s',0),'rows':array(ROW,0,2001),'template_source':nullable(TEXT),'evidence':TEXT,'error_code':nullable(TEXT)})
+CAPS={};SLOTS={}
+def cap(k,i,o,c,z,kind='device_command',visibility='agent',example=None):CAPS[k]=dict(input_schema=i,output_schema=o,component_ids=c,function_zh=z,kind=kind,visibility=visibility,example_arguments=copy.deepcopy(example or {}),effects=[])
+def slot(k,s,u,z,origin='derived',visibility='agent',component='controller'):SLOTS[k]=dict(schema=s,unit=u,meaning=z,origin=origin,visibility=visibility,component=component,write=None)
+cap('plant.configure',PLANT,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['controller','current_converter'],'宿主显式寄生/相位增益/探测响应参数，厂家50Ω源电阻固定','configuration','evaluator',PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+cap('geometry.configure',GEOMETRY,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['electrode_upper','electrode_lower','sample_disc'],'工程平板夹具几何与C0；装样后尺寸锁定守恒','configuration','evaluator',GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE)
+cap('thermal.configure',THERMAL,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['thermal_port','electrode_lower'],'明确选择外部工程集中热边界，不假造OEM温控附件额定温区','configuration','evaluator',THERMAL_EXAMPLE)
+cap('sample.load',SAMPLE,obj({'loaded':BOOL}),['sample_disc'],'真实静态介电参考加显式Debye/直流导电/热物性假设，不冒充实测宽频谱','configuration','evaluator',SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+cap('sample.remove',obj({}),obj({'loaded':BOOL}),['sample_disc'],'移出整片/定容液体样品及当前显热，不回滚已耗散热','configuration','evaluator')
+cap('sample.set_clamp',obj({'closed':BOOL}),obj({'target_m':number('m',0,.025)}),['electrode_upper'],'宿主手动上电极有限运动代理，开放时转为外界热交换','simulation','evaluator',{'closed':True})
+cap('power.set',obj({'enabled':BOOL}),obj({'enabled':BOOL}),['power_switch'],'关闭源电压/控制并取消采集，样品显热继续交换',example={'enabled':True})
+cap('thermal.set_temperature',obj({'temperature_k':number('K',100,1000)}),obj({'target_k':number('K')}),['thermal_port'],'只写已配置外部热边界范围内目标，实际温度仅step推进',example={'temperature_k':293.2})
+cap('thermal.disable',obj({}),obj({'enabled':BOOL}),['thermal_port'],'停止外部主动温控，热交换与介电耗散仍按实际供电继续')
+cap('fixture.select_load',obj({'mode':MODE,'load_resistance_ohm':number('ohm',.01,1e12)}),obj({'mode':MODE}),['electrode_upper','current_converter'],'宿主连接样品或外部open/short/已知纯电阻参考；非已验证自动校准切换硬件','simulation','evaluator',{'mode':'sample','load_resistance_ohm':1000.})
+cap('method.configure',METHOD,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['controller'],'每点实际等待cycles/f和无OptionF的10.5点/s下限，幅度按频界检查','configuration',example=METHOD_EXAMPLE)
+cap('calibration.solve',OSL_INPUT,OSL_RESULT,['controller'],'只用外部open/short/load复阻抗观测解三项Möbius校正','analysis',example=OSL_EXAMPLE)
+cap('calibration.apply',obj({'records':array(OSL_RESULT,1,2001)}),obj({'configured':BOOL}),['controller'],'应用外部逐频点校准系数；不外推/插值到未校准频率','configuration',example={'records':[solve_osl(**OSL_EXAMPLE)]})
+cap('calibration.clear',obj({}),obj({'configured':BOOL}),['controller'],'清除校准记录并明确返回未校准状态','configuration')
+cap('acquisition.start',obj({}),obj({'operation_id':TEXT,'expected_duration_s':number('s',0)}),['controller','current_converter'],'异步逐频率实际驻留并采集RMS复电压电流')
+cap('acquisition.stop',obj({}),obj({'phase':PHASE,'elapsed_s':number('s',0)}),['controller'],'停止源激励并冻结已完成频点，部分点不伪装完成')
+cap('acquisition.result',obj({}),RESULT,['controller'],'公开复VI观测和反演介电/损耗/阻抗；任意会话均隐藏选中物质来源','query')
+cap('analysis.dielectric',ANALYSIS_INPUT,INFERENCE,['controller'],'仅由外部复VI及平板几何反演，σ实部包括介电损耗与直流导电','analysis',example=ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE)
+cap('provenance.read',obj({}),obj({'reference_id':nullable(TEXT),'template_source':nullable(TEXT),'evidence':TEXT}),['controller'],'仅宿主读取当前样品真实静态参考及显式谱假设来源','query','evaluator')
+LEDGER_UNITS=dict(mass_loaded_kg='kg',mass_present_kg='kg',mass_removed_kg='kg',mass_error_kg='kg',volume_loaded_m3='m^3',volume_present_m3='m^3',volume_removed_m3='m^3',volume_error_m3='m^3',generator_active_input_j='J',source_resistor_heat_j='J',fixture_parasitic_heat_j='J',reference_load_heat_j='J',sample_dielectric_heat_j='J',electrical_error_j='J',controller_input_j='J',ambient_loss_j='J',loaded_sensible_j='J',removed_sensible_j='J',thermal_stored_j='J',thermal_energy_error_j='J')
+cap('ledger.read',obj({}),obj({k:number(u) for k,u in LEDGER_UNITS.items()}),['controller'],'周期平均源/50Ω/寄生/参考/样品耗散及热/质量/体积守恒账','query','evaluator')
+cap('sim.step',obj({'dt_s':number('s',0,86400)}),obj({'time_s':number('s',0)}),['controller'],'单一宿主时钟支持分数纳秒余数，超长低频点必须实际累计推进','simulation','evaluator',{'dt_s':.1})
+UNSUPPORTED=['hardware.connect','robot.load','measurement.dc_bias_option_b','measurement.fast_option_f','measurement.high_voltage','measurement.oem_thermal_attachment','noise.empirical','accuracy.certification','measurement.field_transients']
+for k in UNSUPPORTED:cap(k,obj({}),obj({}),['controller'],'未实现：'+k)
+for k,c in [('plant.configured','controller'),('geometry.configured','electrode_lower'),('thermal.configured','thermal_port'),('sample.present','sample_disc'),('power.enabled','power_switch'),('thermal.enabled','thermal_port'),('clamp.moving','electrode_upper'),('calibration.configured','controller')]:slot(k,BOOL,'1','实际配置或运行状态',component=c)
+for suffix in ['position_m','target_m']:slot('clamp.'+suffix,number('m',0,.025),'m','上电极开口相对测量位置位移；0闭合，.025开放','setpoint' if suffix=='target_m' else 'scene',component='electrode_upper')
+slot('power.angle_rad',number('rad',0,.28),'rad','电源开关工程姿态','scene',component='power_switch')
+slot('thermal.target_k',number('K'),'K','外部工程热边界温度目标，不代表OEM温控能力','setpoint',component='thermal_port')
+slot('thermal.indicated_k',nullable(number('K')),'K','样品与电极集中节点量化温度API观测，非厂家精度认证','sensor',component='sample_disc')
+slot('excitation.frequency_hz',nullable(number('Hz')),'Hz','当前真实驻留频点，未激励时null','derived',component='controller')
+slot('excitation.source_voltage_rms_v',number('V'),'V','当前50Ω前源RMS幅度，停止时0，不等于样品两端幅度','derived',component='controller')
+slot('fixture.load_mode',MODE,'1','宿主当前接入sample/open/short/load参考','setpoint',component='current_converter')
+slot('measured.voltage_rms_v',nullable(cx('V')),'V','含显式增益/相位/响应/量化的复RMS电压观测','sensor',component='current_converter')
+slot('measured.current_rms_a',nullable(cx('A')),'A','含显式增益/相位/响应/量化的复RMS电流；超过40mA时不可用','sensor',component='current_converter')
+slot('clock.time_s',number('s',0),'s','唯一宿主时钟')
+slot('acquisition.phase',PHASE,'1','异步频扫状态')
+slot('acquisition.elapsed_s',number('s',0),'s','本次实际源激励时长')
+slot('acquisition.expected_duration_s',number('s',0),'s','逐点频率周期及通信速率下限计算的所需总时长')
+slot('acquisition.points',{'type':'integer','minimum':0,'maximum':2001,'x-unit':'1'},'1','实际完成的频点数，不含尚未完成点')
+for k,u in [('truth.bath_k','K'),('truth.sample_k','K'),('truth.sample_mass_kg','kg'),('truth.dc_conductivity_s_m','S/m')]:slot(k,nullable(number(u)),u,'仅宿主真实热/样品参数状态','process_truth','evaluator')
+
+class NovocontrolAlphatRuntime:
+    def __init__(self,instance_id='alphat_01'):
+        self.instance_id=instance_id;self.plant=None;self.geometry=None;self.thermal=None;self.sample=None;self.record=None;self.power=False;self.thermal_enabled=False;self.target=293.2;self.clamp=.025;self.clamp_target=.025;self._clamp_start=.025;self._clamp_start_ns=0;self._clamp_arrival_ns=0;self.x=np.zeros(4);self.detector=np.zeros(2,dtype=complex);self.time_ns=0;self._clock_remainder_ns=0.;self.revision=0;self.mode='sample';self.load_resistance=1000.;self.method=copy.deepcopy(METHOD_EXAMPLE);self.calibration={};self.phase='idle';self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.error=None;self.operation_id=None;self._counter=0;self._start_ns=0;self._point_index=0;self._point_start_ns=0;self._point_end_ns=0;self.expected_duration=0.;self.records={};self._principals={};self._requests={};self._owners={};self._cancel_operations={};self._source=None;self._reference_id=None;self._evidence='no_sample';self._operation_source=None;self._operation_evidence='no_measurement';self.mass_loaded=self.mass_removed=self.volume_loaded=self.volume_removed=self.loaded_sensible=self.removed_sensible=0.;self.electrical_energy=np.zeros(5)
+    @property
+    def time_s(self):return self.time_ns/1e9
+    def register_principal(self,principal_id,visibility='agent'):
+        if not isinstance(principal_id,str) or not principal_id or principal_id in self._principals or visibility not in ('agent','debug','evaluator'):raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self._principals[principal_id]=visibility
+    def session(self,principal_id):
+        if principal_id not in self._principals:raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return NovocontrolAlphatSession(self,principal_id)
+    def describe(self):return export_novocontrol_alphat_contract_metadata()
+    def _moving(self):return self.time_ns<self._clamp_arrival_ns
+    def _closed(self):return self.clamp<=1e-12 and self.clamp_target==0.
+    def _volume(self):return math.pi*(self.geometry['diameter_m']/2)**2*self.geometry['thickness_m'] if self.sample else 0.
+    def _mass(self):return self._volume()*self.sample['density_kg_m3'] if self.sample else 0.
+    def _capacities(self):return np.array([self.thermal['bath_capacity_j_k'],.1+(self._mass()*self.sample['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k'] if self.sample else 0.)])
+    def _temperature(self,i):return self.plant['ambient_k']+float(self.x[i]) if self.plant and self.thermal else None
+    def _frequency(self):return self.method['frequencies_hz'][self._point_index] if self.phase=='running' else None
+    def _point_duration_ns(self,f):return math.ceil((self.method['settling_s']+max(self.method['cycles_per_point']/f,MIN_POINT_S))*1e9)
+    def _circuit(self,f=None,vrms=None,mode=None):
+        f=self._frequency() if f is None else f;vrms=self.method['source_voltage_rms_v'] if vrms is None else vrms;mode=self.mode if mode is None else mode
+        if f is None or not self.plant:return dict(voltage=0j,current=0j,source_voltage=0.,power=np.zeros(5),sample_admittance=0j)
+        p=self.plant;w=2*math.pi*f;zp=complex(p['fixture_series_resistance_ohm'],w*p['fixture_series_inductance_h']);yp=complex(p['fixture_parallel_conductance_s'],w*p['fixture_parallel_capacitance_f']);ys=0j
+        if mode=='sample' and self.sample:
+            s=self.sample;eps=dielectric_response(s['epsilon_static'],s['epsilon_infinity'],s['relaxation_time_s'],s['dc_conductivity_s_m'],f);ys=1j*w*vacuum_capacitance(**self.geometry)*eps
+        elif mode=='load':ys=1/self.load_resistance
+        parallel_z=0j if mode=='short' else 1/(ys+yp);fixture_z=zp+parallel_z;current=complex(vrms)/(SOURCE_RESISTANCE_OHM+fixture_z);voltage=current*fixture_z;parallel_voltage=current*parallel_z;sample_power=abs(parallel_voltage)**2*ys.real if mode=='sample' else 0.;reference_power=abs(parallel_voltage)**2*ys.real if mode=='load' else 0.;parasitic=abs(current)**2*zp.real+abs(parallel_voltage)**2*yp.real;source_heat=abs(current)**2*SOURCE_RESISTANCE_OHM;input_power=float((complex(vrms)*current.conjugate()).real);return dict(voltage=voltage,current=current,source_voltage=vrms,power=np.array([input_power,source_heat,parasitic,reference_power,sample_power]),sample_admittance=ys)
+    def _measurement_error(self,circuit):
+        if abs(circuit['current'])>CONVERTER_LIMIT_A*(1+1e-12):return 'CURRENT_CONVERTER_OVERFLOW'
+        if self.mode=='sample' and self.sample and abs(self._temperature(1)-self.sample['reference_k'])>self.sample['temperature_tolerance_k']:return 'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE'
+        return None
+    def _observed(self):
+        if not self.power or not self.plant or self.phase!='running':return None,None
+        circuit=self._circuit()
+        if self._measurement_error(circuit):return None,None
+        p=self.plant;quant=lambda z,q:complex(round(z.real/q)*q,round(z.imag/q)*q);return pack(quant(self.detector[0],p['voltage_resolution_v'])),pack(quant(self.detector[1],p['current_resolution_a']))
+    def read(self,role='evaluator'):
+        if role not in ('agent','debug','evaluator'):raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        voltage,current=self._observed();d={'plant.configured':self.plant is not None,'geometry.configured':self.geometry is not None,'thermal.configured':self.thermal is not None,'sample.present':self.sample is not None,'power.enabled':self.power,'thermal.enabled':self.thermal_enabled,'clamp.moving':self._moving(),'calibration.configured':bool(self.calibration),'clamp.position_m':self.clamp,'clamp.target_m':self.clamp_target,'power.angle_rad':.28 if self.power else 0.,'thermal.target_k':self.target,'thermal.indicated_k':float(round(self._temperature(1)/self.plant['temperature_resolution_k'])*self.plant['temperature_resolution_k']) if self.power and self.thermal else None,'excitation.frequency_hz':self._frequency(),'excitation.source_voltage_rms_v':self.method['source_voltage_rms_v'] if self.phase=='running' and self.power else 0.,'fixture.load_mode':self.mode,'measured.voltage_rms_v':voltage,'measured.current_rms_a':current,'clock.time_s':self.time_s,'acquisition.phase':self.phase,'acquisition.elapsed_s':self.elapsed,'acquisition.expected_duration_s':self.expected_duration,'acquisition.points':len(self.rows),'truth.bath_k':self._temperature(0),'truth.sample_k':self._temperature(1),'truth.sample_mass_kg':self._mass() if self.sample else None,'truth.dc_conductivity_s_m':self.sample['dc_conductivity_s_m'] if self.sample else None}
+        return {k:v for k,v in d.items() if role!='agent' or SLOTS[k]['visibility']=='agent'}
+    def _propagate(self,ns):
+        if not ns:return
+        dt=ns/1e9;circuit=self._circuit() if self.power and self.phase=='running' else dict(voltage=0j,current=0j,power=np.zeros(5));self.electrical_energy+=circuit['power']*dt
+        if self.plant:
+            p=self.plant;gv=p['voltage_gain_magnitude']*complex(math.cos(p['voltage_gain_phase_rad']),math.sin(p['voltage_gain_phase_rad']));gi=p['current_gain_magnitude']*complex(math.cos(p['current_gain_phase_rad']),math.sin(p['current_gain_phase_rad']));target=np.array([circuit['voltage']*gv,circuit['current']*gi]);self.detector=target+(self.detector-target)*math.exp(-dt/p['detector_tau_s'])
+        if not self.thermal:return
+        t=self.thermal;C=self._capacities();gb=t['sample_bath_conductance_w_k'] if self._closed() else 0.;gs=0. if self._closed() else t['open_sample_ambient_conductance_w_k'];ga=t['bath_ambient_conductance_w_k'];K=t['controller_gain_w_k'] if self.power and self.thermal_enabled else 0.;target=self.target-self.plant['ambient_k'];P=float(circuit['power'][4]);low=min(float(min(self.x[:2])),0.,target);high=max(float(max(self.x[:2])),0.,target)+P*dt/min(C);saturated=K and ((K+ga)*target-K*low>t['heating_limit_w'] or (K+ga)*target-K*high < -t['cooling_limit_w'])
+        if saturated:
+            def rhs(_time,y):
+                b,s=y[:2];raw=(K+ga)*target-K*b;control=min(t['heating_limit_w'],max(-t['cooling_limit_w'],raw));ambient=ga*b+gs*s;return [(control-gb*(b-s)-ga*b)/C[0],(gb*(b-s)-gs*s+P)/C[1],control,ambient]
+            sol=solve_ivp(rhs,(0.,dt),self.x,method='Radau',rtol=1e-10,atol=[1e-11,1e-11,1e-10,1e-10])
+            if not sol.success:raise RuntimeError('THERMAL_INTEGRATION_FAILED')
+            self.x=sol.y[:,-1]
+        else:
+            A=np.zeros((5,5));A[0,0]=-(gb+ga+K)/C[0];A[0,1]=gb/C[0];A[0,4]=(K+ga)*target/C[0] if K else 0.;A[1,0]=gb/C[1];A[1,1]=-(gb+gs)/C[1];A[1,4]=P/C[1];A[2,0]=-K;A[2,4]=(K+ga)*target if K else 0.;A[3,0]=ga;A[3,1]=gs;self.x=(expm(A*dt)@np.r_[self.x,1.])[:4]
+    def _ledger(self):
+        generator,source,parasitic,reference,sample=self.electrical_energy;stored=float(self._capacities()@self.x[:2]) if self.thermal else 0.;control,ambient=self.x[2:];return dict(mass_loaded_kg=self.mass_loaded,mass_present_kg=self._mass(),mass_removed_kg=self.mass_removed,mass_error_kg=self.mass_loaded-self._mass()-self.mass_removed,volume_loaded_m3=self.volume_loaded,volume_present_m3=self._volume(),volume_removed_m3=self.volume_removed,volume_error_m3=self.volume_loaded-self._volume()-self.volume_removed,generator_active_input_j=float(generator),source_resistor_heat_j=float(source),fixture_parasitic_heat_j=float(parasitic),reference_load_heat_j=float(reference),sample_dielectric_heat_j=float(sample),electrical_error_j=float(generator-source-parasitic-reference-sample),controller_input_j=float(control),ambient_loss_j=float(ambient),loaded_sensible_j=self.loaded_sensible,removed_sensible_j=self.removed_sensible,thermal_stored_j=stored,thermal_energy_error_j=float(control+sample-ambient+self.loaded_sensible-self.removed_sensible-stored))
+    def _result(self):return dict(operation_id=self.operation_id,phase=self.phase,elapsed_s=self.elapsed,rows=copy.deepcopy(self.rows),template_source=self._operation_source,evidence=self._operation_evidence,error_code=self.error)
+    def _finish(self,phase,error=None):
+        self.phase=phase;self.error=error
+        if self.operation_id:self.records[self.operation_id]=self._result()
+    def _record(self):
+        frequency=self._frequency();circuit=self._circuit();error=self._measurement_error(circuit);voltage,current=self._observed();raw=None;corrected=None;inferred=None;calibration=self.calibration.get(frequency) if self.mode=='sample' else None
+        if not error:
+            try:
+                if voltage is None or current is None or abs(unpack(current))<1e-30:raise ActionRejected('ANALYSIS_ZERO_SIGNAL')
+                raw=unpack(voltage)/unpack(current);corrected=correct_impedance(raw,calibration) if calibration else raw
+                if self.mode=='sample':
+                    inferred=infer_dielectric(frequency,pack(corrected*unpack(current)),current,**self.geometry)
+                    if not .01<=abs(corrected)<=2e14 or not 1e-15<=inferred['parallel_capacitance_f']<=10.:raise ActionRejected('MEASUREMENT_RANGE')
+            except ActionRejected as exc:error=str(exc)
+        row=dict(time_s=self.elapsed,host_time_s=self.time_s,frequency_hz=frequency,point_duration_s=(self.time_ns-self._point_start_ns)/1e9,load_mode=self.mode,source_voltage_rms_v=self.method['source_voltage_rms_v'],voltage_rms=voltage,current_rms=current,raw_impedance_ohm=pack(raw) if raw is not None else None,impedance_ohm=pack(corrected) if corrected is not None else None,**{k:inferred[k] if inferred and not error else None for k in ['epsilon_real','epsilon_loss','tan_delta','parallel_capacitance_f','conductivity_real_s_m','conductivity_imag_s_m']},sample_temperature_k=self.read()['thermal.indicated_k'],calibration_applied=calibration is not None,quality='unavailable' if error else 'estimated',error_code=error);self.rows.append(row)
+        if error:self._finish('failed',error);return
+        self._point_index+=1
+        if self._point_index>=len(self.method['frequencies_hz']):self._finish('succeeded')
+        else:self._point_start_ns=self.time_ns;self._point_end_ns=self.time_ns+self._point_duration_ns(self._frequency())
+    def invoke(self,capability,**a):
+        if capability not in CAPS:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        validate(CAPS[capability]['input_schema'],a)
+        if capability in UNSUPPORTED:raise ActionRejected('UNSUPPORTED')
+        if capability=='analysis.dielectric':return infer_dielectric(**a)
+        if capability=='calibration.solve':return solve_osl(**a)
+        if capability=='acquisition.result':return self._result()
+        if capability=='provenance.read':return dict(reference_id=self._reference_id,template_source=self._source,evidence=self._evidence)
+        if capability=='ledger.read':return self._ledger()
+        if capability=='sim.step':self.step(a['dt_s']);return {'time_s':self.time_s}
+        if self.phase=='running' and capability not in ('acquisition.stop','power.set'):raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+        if capability=='plant.configure':
+            if self.plant or not a['accept_engineering']:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.plant=copy.deepcopy(a);self.target=a['ambient_k'];out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='geometry.configure':
+            if self.sample:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.geometry=copy.deepcopy(a);out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='thermal.configure':
+            if not self.plant or self.thermal or not a['accept_external_engineering_system'] or not a['minimum_temperature_k']<=self.plant['ambient_k']<=a['maximum_temperature_k'] or a['minimum_temperature_k']>=a['maximum_temperature_k']:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.thermal=copy.deepcopy(a);out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='sample.load':
+            if not self.plant or not self.geometry or not self.thermal or self.sample or self._moving() or self.clamp<.024 or not a['accept_spectrum_assumption'] or not a['accept_thermal_assumption']:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            record=library().get(a['reference_id'])
+            if record is None:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_REFERENCE')
+            epsilon=record.get('relative_permittivity_static');temperature=record.get('reference_temperature_K')
+            if not isinstance(epsilon,(int,float)) or not math.isfinite(epsilon) or epsilon<a['epsilon_infinity']:raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_DATA')
+            if not isinstance(temperature,(int,float)) or not math.isfinite(temperature):raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_UNKNOWN')
+            if abs(a['initial_temperature_k']-temperature)>a['temperature_tolerance_k']:raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            if not self.thermal['minimum_temperature_k']<=a['initial_temperature_k']<=self.thermal['maximum_temperature_k']:raise ActionRejected('THERMAL_ENVELOPE')
+            old=self._capacities()[1];self.sample=copy.deepcopy(a);self.sample.update(epsilon_static=epsilon,reference_k=temperature);self.record=copy.deepcopy(record);new=self._capacities()[1];delta=a['initial_temperature_k']-self.plant['ambient_k'];self.x[1]=(old*self.x[1]+(new-old)*delta)/new;self.loaded_sensible+=(new-old)*delta;self.mass_loaded+=self._mass();self.volume_loaded+=self._volume();self._reference_id=a['reference_id'];self._source=json.dumps(record['source'],ensure_ascii=False,sort_keys=True);self._evidence='real_static_permittivity_reference; synthetic_Debye_spectrum_and_dc_conductivity_explicit_host_assumptions';out={'loaded':True}
+        elif capability=='sample.remove':
+            if not self.sample or self._moving() or self.clamp<.024:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.mass_removed+=self._mass();self.volume_removed+=self._volume();self.removed_sensible+=self._mass()*self.sample['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k']*float(self.x[1]);self.sample=self.record=None;self._source=self._reference_id=None;self._evidence='no_sample';out={'loaded':False}
+        elif capability=='sample.set_clamp':
+            if not self.plant:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.clamp_target=0. if a['closed'] else .025;self._clamp_start=self.clamp;self._clamp_start_ns=self.time_ns;self._clamp_arrival_ns=self.time_ns+round(abs(self.clamp_target-self.clamp)/self.plant['clamp_speed_m_s']*1e9);out={'target_m':self.clamp_target}
+        elif capability=='power.set':
+            if not a['enabled'] and self.phase=='running':self._finish('cancelled','POWER_OFF')
+            self.power=a['enabled']
+            if not self.power:self.thermal_enabled=False
+            out={'enabled':self.power}
+        elif capability=='thermal.set_temperature':
+            if not self.power or not self.thermal or not self.thermal['minimum_temperature_k']<=a['temperature_k']<=self.thermal['maximum_temperature_k']:raise ActionRejected('THERMAL_ENVELOPE')
+            self.target=a['temperature_k'];self.thermal_enabled=True;out={'target_k':self.target}
+        elif capability=='thermal.disable':self.thermal_enabled=False;out={'enabled':False}
+        elif capability=='fixture.select_load':self.mode=a['mode'];self.load_resistance=a['load_resistance_ohm'];out={'mode':self.mode}
+        elif capability=='method.configure':
+            frequencies=a['frequencies_hz']
+            if len(set(frequencies))!=len(frequencies) or any(f>=1e7 and a['source_voltage_rms_v']>1. for f in frequencies):raise ActionRejected('FREQUENCY_VOLTAGE_ENVELOPE')
+            self.method=copy.deepcopy(a);out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='calibration.apply':
+            if len({x['frequency_hz'] for x in a['records']})!=len(a['records']) or any(abs(unpack(x['a'])-unpack(x['b_ohm'])*unpack(x['c_s']))<1e-20 for x in a['records']):raise ActionRejected('CALIBRATION_DEGENERATE')
+            self.calibration={x['frequency_hz']:copy.deepcopy(x) for x in a['records']};out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='calibration.clear':self.calibration={};out={'configured':False}
+        elif capability=='acquisition.start':
+            if not self.power or not self.plant or not self.geometry or not self.thermal or not self._closed() or self._moving() or self.mode=='sample' and not self.sample:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            if self.method['source_voltage_rms_v']==0:raise ActionRejected('ZERO_EXCITATION')
+            if self.mode=='sample' and abs(self._temperature(1)-self.sample['reference_k'])>self.sample['temperature_tolerance_k']:raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            if self.mode=='sample' and self.method['require_calibration'] and any(f not in self.calibration for f in self.method['frequencies_hz']):raise ActionRejected('CALIBRATION_MISSING')
+            self._counter+=1;self.operation_id=f'{self.instance_id}:acquisition:{self._counter}';self._operation_source=self._source if self.mode=='sample' else None;self._operation_evidence=self._evidence if self.mode=='sample' else 'actual_simulated_external_reference_observation';self.phase='running';self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.error=None;self._start_ns=self.time_ns;self._point_index=0;self._point_start_ns=self.time_ns;self._point_end_ns=self.time_ns+self._point_duration_ns(self._frequency());self.expected_duration=sum(self._point_duration_ns(f) for f in self.method['frequencies_hz'])/1e9;out={'operation_id':self.operation_id,'expected_duration_s':self.expected_duration}
+        elif capability=='acquisition.stop':
+            if self.phase!='running':raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+            self._finish('cancelled','USER_CANCEL');out={'phase':self.phase,'elapsed_s':self.elapsed}
+        else:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        self.revision+=1;return copy.deepcopy(out)
+    def step(self,dt_s):
+        validate(number('s',0,86400),dt_s);total=math.fsum((self._clock_remainder_ns,dt_s*1e9));ns=round(total);self._clock_remainder_ns=total-ns
+        if not ns:return
+        end=self.time_ns+ns
+        while self.time_ns<end:
+            boundary=end
+            if self._moving():boundary=min(boundary,self._clamp_arrival_ns)
+            if self.phase=='running':boundary=min(boundary,self._point_end_ns)
+            self._propagate(boundary-self.time_ns);self.time_ns=boundary
+            if self.plant:self.clamp=self.clamp_target if self.time_ns>=self._clamp_arrival_ns else self._clamp_start+math.copysign(self.plant['clamp_speed_m_s']*(self.time_ns-self._clamp_start_ns)/1e9,self.clamp_target-self._clamp_start)
+            if self.phase=='running':
+                self.elapsed=(self.time_ns-self._start_ns)/1e9
+                if self.time_ns==self._point_end_ns:self._record()
+        self.revision+=1
+
+class NovocontrolAlphatSession:
+    def __init__(self, host, principal_id): self._host = host; self._principal = principal_id
+    @property
+    def _role(self): return self._host._principals[self._principal]
+    def _target(self, instance_id):
+        if instance_id != self._host.instance_id: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+    def describe(self, *, instance_id=None, asset_type_id=None):
+        if (instance_id is None) == (asset_type_id is None): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if instance_id is not None: self._target(instance_id)
+        if asset_type_id is not None and asset_type_id != ASSET_TYPE_ID: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+        meta = export_novocontrol_alphat_contract_metadata()
+        return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID, asset_version='1.0.0', capabilities={k:v for k,v in meta['capabilities'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'}, state_slots={k:v for k,v in meta['state_slots'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'})
+    def read(self, *, instance_id, state_ids=None):
+        self._target(instance_id); h=self._host; values=h.read(self._role); ids=list(values) if state_ids is None else state_ids
+        if not isinstance(ids,list) or any(not isinstance(k,str) for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if any(k not in values for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return dict(instance_id=instance_id, status='succeeded', state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s}, observations={k:dict(value=copy.deepcopy(values[k]),unit=SLOTS[k]['unit'],quality='unavailable' if values[k] is None else 'estimated' if SLOTS[k]['origin'] in ('sensor','derived') else 'valid',sample_time_s=h.time_s,sample_window_s=None) for k in ids})
+    def _filter_result(self, result):
+        result = copy.deepcopy(result)
+        # A bridge may dispatch agent-visible capabilities through a privileged
+        # session. Public acquisition payloads therefore use the SAME redaction
+        # for every role. Full provenance has its own evaluator-only capability.
+        if 'rows' in result and 'template_source' in result:
+            result['template_source'] = str(LIBRARY_PATH.relative_to(ROOT)) + '; selected record provenance available only through evaluator provenance.read' if result['template_source'] is not None else None
+            result['evidence'] = 'observed_complex_VI_with_explicit_synthetic_spectrum_and_fixture_assumptions; selected template details require evaluator provenance.read' if result['operation_id'] is not None else 'no_measurement'
+        return result
+    def invoke(self, *, instance_id, capability_id, arguments, request_id):
+        h=self._host
+        try:
+            self._target(instance_id)
+            if not isinstance(capability_id,str) or capability_id not in CAPS: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+            if self._role=='agent' and CAPS[capability_id]['visibility']!='agent': raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'],arguments); key=(self._principal,request_id); digest=json.dumps([capability_id,arguments],sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+            if key in h._requests:
+                old,response=h._requests[key]
+                if old!=digest: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+                return copy.deepcopy(response)
+            if capability_id in ('acquisition.stop','acquisition.result') and self._role=='agent' and h.operation_id and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if capability_id=='power.set' and not arguments['enabled'] and h.phase=='running' and self._role=='agent' and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            result=self._filter_result(h.invoke(capability_id,**arguments)); operation=result.get('operation_id') if capability_id=='acquisition.start' else None
+            if operation: h._owners[operation]=self._principal
+            response=dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=operation,status='accepted' if operation else 'succeeded',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result=result,observations={},error=None)
+            h._requests[key]=(digest,copy.deepcopy(response)); return response
+        except ActionRejected as exc:
+            return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=None,status='unsupported' if str(exc)=='UNSUPPORTED' else 'rejected',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result={},observations={},error=dict(code=str(exc),message=str(exc),retryable=False,side_effects='none'))
+    def write(self, *, instance_id, state_id, value, request_id):
+        self._target(instance_id); entry=SLOTS.get(state_id)
+        if not entry or not entry['write']: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        capability,argument=entry['write']; return self.invoke(instance_id=instance_id,capability_id=capability,arguments={argument:value},request_id=request_id)
+    def poll(self, operation_id):
+        h=self._host
+        if h._owners.get(operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        result=h._result() if operation_id==h.operation_id and h.phase=='running' else h.records.get(operation_id)
+        if result is None: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_OPERATION')
+        return dict(operation_id=operation_id,status=result['phase'],result=self._filter_result(result))
+    def cancel(self, operation_id, request_id):
+        self.poll(operation_id); h=self._host
+        if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        key=(self._principal,request_id)
+        if key in h._cancel_operations:
+            if h._cancel_operations[key]!=operation_id: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+            return copy.deepcopy(h._requests[key][1])
+        if key in h._requests: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        if operation_id!=h.operation_id or h.phase!='running': raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+        result=self.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.stop',arguments={},request_id=request_id)
+        if result['status']=='succeeded': h._cancel_operations[key]=operation_id
+        return result
+
+EFFECTS={
+ 'plant.configure':['plant.configured','thermal.target_k'],
+ 'geometry.configure':['geometry.configured'],
+ 'thermal.configure':['thermal.configured','truth.bath_k','truth.sample_k','thermal.indicated_k'],
+ 'sample.load':['sample.present','truth.sample_mass_kg','truth.dc_conductivity_s_m','truth.sample_k','thermal.indicated_k'],
+ 'sample.remove':['sample.present','truth.sample_mass_kg','truth.dc_conductivity_s_m'],
+ 'sample.set_clamp':['clamp.target_m','clamp.moving'],
+ 'power.set':['power.enabled','power.angle_rad','thermal.enabled','thermal.indicated_k','excitation.frequency_hz','excitation.source_voltage_rms_v','measured.voltage_rms_v','measured.current_rms_a','acquisition.phase'],
+ 'thermal.set_temperature':['thermal.target_k','thermal.enabled'],'thermal.disable':['thermal.enabled'],
+ 'fixture.select_load':['fixture.load_mode'],
+ 'calibration.apply':['calibration.configured'],'calibration.clear':['calibration.configured'],
+ 'acquisition.start':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.elapsed_s','acquisition.expected_duration_s','acquisition.points','excitation.frequency_hz','excitation.source_voltage_rms_v','measured.voltage_rms_v','measured.current_rms_a'],
+ 'acquisition.stop':['acquisition.phase','excitation.frequency_hz','excitation.source_voltage_rms_v','measured.voltage_rms_v','measured.current_rms_a'],
+ 'sim.step':list(SLOTS)}
+for k,v in EFFECTS.items():CAPS[k]['effects']=v
+ERRORS=sorted(set(__import__('re').findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_0-9]+)'",Path(__file__).read_text()))|{'POWER_OFF','USER_CANCEL','CURRENT_CONVERTER_OVERFLOW','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE'})
+
+def export_novocontrol_alphat_contract_metadata():
+    slots={};caps={}
+    for k,v in SLOTS.items():slots[k]=dict(meaning_zh=v['meaning'],component_ids=[v['component']],value_schema=copy.deepcopy(v['schema']),unit=v['unit'],reference_conditions='SI; RMS phasors with exp(+j*omega*t),epsilon*=epsilon_real-j*epsilon_loss,Y=j*omega*C0*epsilon. Alpha-T RevC,current converter40mA;50ohmsource.',origin=v['origin'],visibility=v['visibility'],access='read_only',read_binding=dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',accessor=f'NovocontrolAlphatSession.read(state_ids=[{k!r}])'),write_via=None,sampling=dict(mode='instant',time_domain='simulation',window_description='Host clock only; displayed phasor is an explicitly assumed first-order demodulator endpoint estimate after actual frequency dwell, not an instantaneous AC waveform sample.'),source_ids=['simulation_assumption'])
+    limits=[
+      'Alpha-T RevC含电流转换接口；范围3µHz至40MHz。10MHz以下0至3Vrms，原表below/above边界未明，恰好10MHz本模型保守限制1Vrms并与高频同处理。源输出阻抗固定50Ω。',
+      '未选OptionF时每点等待settling+max(cycles/f,1/10.5)s；3µHz一周期至少333333.333s，不能瞬时出谱。600点/s、OptionB直流偏置和高压选件unsupported。',
+      '电流转换器物理电流超过40mA即观测不可用、完成当前点时采集失败切断源；不把测量量程伪装成源电流限流。样品端RMS电压由50Ω分压与寄生网络决定，并非始终等于源幅度。',
+      '模板提供真实文献编纂静态介电常数/温度，curves为空。Debye高频极限、松弛τ、σdc均由宿主显式假设，生成曲线为synthetic，不冒充67种真实宽频实测谱。',
+      '默认water静态ε80.1@293.2K；ε∞4.9、τ1e-11s、σdc5e-6S/m、ρ1000kg/m³和Cp4180J/kg/K仅工程水近似，库内未知字段仍null。改变τ用于教学弛豫峰不能写成物质实验结果。',
+      'Debye关系epsilon*=epsilon_inf+(epsilon_s-epsilon_inf)/(1+j*omega*tau)-j*sigma_dc/(omega*eps0)；C0=eps0*A/d。复电导定义sigma*=j*omega*eps0*epsilon，实部包含介电损耗与直流导电；不能与宿主sigma_dc混称。',
+      '工程平板D20mm厚1mm的绝缘液池/固体垫片实例，电极下方为generator高电位、上方为current-converter虚地。geometry.configure影响过程几何，静态3D示例不自动缩放。装样后禁止改几何以免质量体积生灭。',
+      '本批工程夹具用串联R/L、并联C/G寄生网络；已知BDS1200上限10MHz、ZGS只适配Alpha-A，不把两者拼成Alpha-T原厂40MHz夹具。Analyzer BNC端范围不能自动等同样品端精度。',
+      '外部open/short/已知纯电阻load经实际相同网络和两个复增益通道测量，solve由三个外部观测解Möbius逆，再apply逐频点记录；不读隐藏寄生/增益，不跨未校准频率插值。fixture.select_load只是宿主接线代理，不声称自动校准机械。',
+      '所有电压电流为RMS复相量，P=Re(V*conj(I))不含1/2。样品耗散进入样品热节点，50Ω源/寄生/参考负载耗散导出外部环境，分别留账。',
+      '采用稳态周期平均有功功率及工程一阶解调估计，未求解交流逐周期波形、电磁起停暂态或电场/极化储能。能量验证限于周期平均有功与热账，不宣称瞬态总电磁能量认证。',
+      '明确选择宿主外部工程有限热容边界；温区、功率、热导由thermal.configure输入，未指定Novotherm/Quatro等原厂温控系统。温度超静态参考容差时测量失败，但现有显热仍继续交换。',
+      '样品温度在宿主参考容差内时epsilon_s/epsilon_inf/tau/sigma_dc作为常系数近似，不宣称温度谱插值。样品热节点包含固定0.1J/K夹具/电极工程热容，非OEM参数。',
+      '整片/定容样品几何确定体积，密度/Cp为宿主显式假设，载入/移出显热完整记账。开夹时样品脱离热台转与环境换热，未求解深度接触、压力或溶剂挥发。',
+      '厂家误差强依赖频率/阻抗/校准和环境，不能把条件精度套全域；这里的增益/相位/分辨率/τ是输入假设，真实噪声和准确度认证not_run。',
+      '主机有蓝色双行字符LCD，几何只保留静态外观/身份文字；动态LCD未实现，READOUTS为空不等于没有显示屏。',
+      '所有session公开result/poll统一脱敏，包括内部evaluator桥接；选中静态参考来源只在evaluator provenance.read。共享Python与磁盘不等于OS级真值隔离。',
+      '真实硬件、机器人装样、OEM夹具/温控校准、直流偏置、高压、安全联锁与电磁暂态not_run。']
+    for k,v in CAPS.items():
+        un=k in UNSUPPORTED;async_=k=='acquisition.start';caps[k]={key:copy.deepcopy(v[key]) for key in ['input_schema','output_schema','component_ids','function_zh','kind','visibility','example_arguments']}
+        caps[k].update(availability='unsupported' if un else 'implemented',implementation={layer:'absent' if un or layer in ('scene','robot','hardware') else 'implemented' for layer in ['process','scene','robot','hardware','host']},binding=None if un else dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',entrypoint='asset_runtime.novocontrol_alphat.NovocontrolAlphatSession.invoke',invocation=f'session.invoke(instance_id="alphat_01",capability_id={k!r},arguments={v["example_arguments"]!r},request_id="unique")'),preconditions=[] if un or v['kind'] in ('query','analysis') else [dict(description_zh='明确夹具/热边界、夹持、静态参考温域、频率/电压/校准网格由运行入口原子检查。',state_ids=['power.enabled','sample.present','clamp.position_m','thermal.configured','acquisition.phase'],enforced_by='runtime',check='NovocontrolAlphatRuntime.invoke guards before commit')],state_effects=[dict(state_id=s,timing='immediate',description_zh='命令实际即时状态变化') for s in v['effects']],observes=[],model_effects=dict(mode='none',description_zh='只输出可映射状态，实际模型求值由独立场景报告登记。',binding_ids=[]),execution=dict(mode='asynchronous' if async_ else 'synchronous',time_domain='simulation',completion_criterion='每个频点累计指定真实周期和通信时间后采样，所有频点完成或实际范围错误终止' if async_ else '原子命令；电热/运动/频扫驻留仅宿主step推进',completion_state_ids=['acquisition.phase'] if async_ else [],timeout_s=None,cancellation='supported' if async_ else 'unsupported',retry='same_request_id',resources=['host_clock','parallel_plate_fixture','source','current_converter'],partial_failure_zh='取消/断电切断源并冻结已完成频点，未完成点不输出；已积耗散热和显热不回滚。范围错误完成当前频点时记不可用并停止。'),errors=[dict(code=e,meaning_zh=e,side_effects='partial' if async_ and e in ('POWER_OFF','USER_CANCEL','CURRENT_CONVERTER_OVERFLOW','MEASUREMENT_RANGE') else 'none') for e in ERRORS],verification=[],limitations=limits,source_ids=['manufacturer_primary','simulation_assumption','template_library'])
+        if k in ('thermal.set_temperature','thermal.disable','sample.set_clamp','acquisition.start','power.set'):
+            caps[k]['state_effects'] += [dict(state_id=s,timing='on_step',description_zh='宿主推进热过程、夹持或实际频扫') for s in SLOTS if s not in v['effects'] and s not in ('plant.configured','geometry.configured','thermal.configured','sample.present','power.enabled')]
+    mechanism=dict(component_ids=['controller','current_converter','electrode_upper','electrode_lower','sample_disc','thermal_port'],state_ids=list(slots),meaning_zh='带50Ω源和夹具寄生的复介电相量网络，有限扫频时间、外部OSL校准、有限热容与有功热守恒',implementation='lumped',equations=[
+      'epsilon*=epsilon_inf+(epsilon_s-epsilon_inf)/(1+j*omega*tau)-j*sigma_dc/(omega*eps0); Ysample=j*omega*C0*epsilon*,C0=eps0*pi*(D/2)^2/d. Static epsilon_s is source data; all dynamic parameters are explicit assumptions.',
+      'Yparallel=Ysample+Gparasitic+j*omega*Cparasitic; Zfixture=Rseries+j*omega*Lseries+1/Yparallel; I=Vs/(50ohm+Zfixture),Vfixture=I*Zfixture. External open/short/load changes the sample admittance branch only.',
+      'Measured RMS channels follow explicit complex gains and first-order demodulator response, with independently declared engineering quantization. Physical converter current>40mA returns unavailable, not clipped current.',
+      'OSL inverse Zcorrected=(a*Zmeasured+b)/(c*Zmeasured+1), c=-1/Zopen, a=Rload*(1-Zload/Zopen)/(Zload-Zshort),b=-a*Zshort; coefficients are computed solely from supplied external observed standards.',
+      'Z=V/I; epsilon=1/(Z*j*omega*C0); tan_delta=epsilon_loss/epsilon_real; sigma_real=omega*eps0*epsilon_loss and sigma_imag=omega*eps0*epsilon_real. Sample observation limits enforce C1e-15..10F and |Z|.01..2e14ohm.',
+      'Each point dwell=settling+max(cycles/f,1/10.5)s, rounded upward to nanosecond. A fractional-nanosecond residual retains normal60Hz host clock accuracy. Filter and circuit clocks never advance on read/invoke configuration.',
+      'Pgenerator=Re(Vs*conj(I)); Psource=|I|²*50; Pseries=|I|²*Rseries; Pshunt=|Vparallel|²*Gparasitic; Psample=|Vparallel|²*Re(Ysample). Pgenerator=Psource+Pseries+Pshunt+Psample+Preference with RMS convention.',
+      'Cb*dTb=Pcontroller-Gb*(Tb-Ts)-Ga*(Tb-Ta); Cs*dTs=Gb*(Tb-Ts)-Gopen*(Ts-Ta)+Psample. Closed fixture:Gb>0,Gopen=0;open:Gb=0,Gopen>0. External controller has explicit heating/cooling limits.',
+      'Matrix exponential propagates linear thermal/energy states; Radau solves the same equations if power saturation is possible. Complex demodulator state has exact exp(-dt/tau) propagation. Sample loading capacity-weights incoming sensible heat; removing exports actual sensible heat.',
+      'Electrical ledger is steady cycle-averaged active energy, excluding unmodeled turn-on/off electromagnetic stored energy and transients.'],parameters={},source_ids=['simulation_assumption','template_library'],limitations=limits)
+    spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('_alpha_local_annotations',ROOT/'scripts/asset_runtime/_annotations.py');ann=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(ann);ann.KEY_ZH.update({k:v['meaning'] for k,v in SLOTS.items()});ann.annotate_export(SLUG,caps,slots,{'dielectric_spectroscopy':mechanism},inputs={'plant.configure':(PLANT,PLANT_EXAMPLE),'geometry.configure':(GEOMETRY,GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE),'thermal.configure':(THERMAL,THERMAL_EXAMPLE),'sample.load':(SAMPLE,SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),'method.configure':(METHOD,METHOD_EXAMPLE)})
+    for key,value in SLOTS.items():slots[key]['meaning_zh']=value['meaning']
+    return dict(asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID,catalog_id=CATALOG_ID,capabilities=caps,state_slots=slots,mechanisms={'dielectric_spectroscopy':mechanism})
diff --git a/scripts/asset_runtime/shimadzu_ags10knxd.py b/scripts/asset_runtime/shimadzu_ags10knxd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4458e34dda5c3405a7c428118a1ac2c3b98c408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/asset_runtime/shimadzu_ags10knxd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+"""AGS-10kNXD / high-precision10kNcell / real5kNSCG / TRAPEZIUM X.
+One-dimensional tensile elastoplastic proxy with separate frame compliance,
+clip-extensometer observations, fixed-rate sampling/control and irreversible
+plastic/fracture energy. No universal-test-mode or OEM accuracy certification.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+PROTOCOL_VERSION='1.0.0';SLUG='shimadzu_ags10knxd';ASSET_TYPE_ID='instrument.'+SLUG;CATALOG_ID='CHEM-144'
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2];ASSET=ROOT/'assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal'/SLUG;LIBRARY_PATH=ASSET/'mechanical_library.json'
+LOAD_CELL_MAX_N=10000.;FIXTURE_MAX_N=5000.;MIN_SPEED_M_S=.001e-3/60;MAX_SPEED_M_S=1000e-3/60;POSITION_RESOLUTION_M=1e-6;CONTROL_PERIOD_NS=10_000_000
+class ActionRejected(ValueError):pass
+
+def number(unit='1',lo=None,hi=None):
+    s={'type':'number','x-unit':unit}
+    if lo is not None:s['minimum']=lo
+    if hi is not None:s['maximum']=hi
+    return s
+
+def obj(properties):return dict(type='object',properties=properties,required=list(properties),additionalProperties=False)
+def nullable(s):return {'anyOf':[s,{'type':'null'}]}
+def array(s,minimum=0,maximum=200001):return dict(type='array',items=s,minItems=minimum,maxItems=maximum)
+def enum(items):return {'type':'string','enum':items}
+BOOL={'type':'boolean'};TEXT={'type':'string'};PHASE=enum(['idle','running','succeeded','cancelled','failed'])
+
+def validate(s,v):
+    if 'anyOf' in s:
+        for o in s['anyOf']:
+            try:validate(o,v);return
+            except ActionRejected:pass
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    k=s.get('type')
+    if k in ('number','integer'):
+        if isinstance(v,bool) or not isinstance(v,(int,float)) or not math.isfinite(v) or k=='integer' and type(v) is not int or not s.get('minimum',-math.inf)<=v<=s.get('maximum',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='object':
+        if not isinstance(v,dict) or set(v)!=set(s['properties']):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for key,value in v.items():validate(s['properties'][key],value)
+    elif k=='array':
+        if not isinstance(v,list) or not s.get('minItems',0)<=len(v)<=s.get('maxItems',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for x in v:validate(s['items'],x)
+    elif k=='boolean' and type(v) is not bool:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='string' and not isinstance(v,str):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='null' and v is not None:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    if 'enum' in s and v not in s['enum']:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+
+
+def library():return {x['id']:x for x in json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())['templates']}
+def quant(x,res):return float(round(x/res)*res)
+PLANT_EXAMPLE=dict(ambient_k=292.65,frame_stiffness_n_m=1e8,force_gain=1.002,force_offset_n=.02,force_response_tau_s=.002,force_resolution_n=.01,extensometer_gain=1.,extensometer_offset_m=0.,extensometer_resolution_m=1e-7,local_thermal_capacity_j_k=.01,sample_conductance_w_k=.1,plastic_heat_fraction=.9,fracture_heat_fraction=.5,grip_speed_m_s=.01,force_control_gain_m_per_n_s=5e-7,strain_control_gain_m_s=.01,accept_engineering=True)
+PLANT=obj(dict(ambient_k=number('K',278.15,313.15),frame_stiffness_n_m=number('N/m',1e7,1e12),force_gain=number('1',.01,100),force_offset_n=number('N',-100,100),force_response_tau_s=number('s',1e-6,10),force_resolution_n=number('N',1e-9,100),extensometer_gain=number('1',.01,100),extensometer_offset_m=number('m',-.001,.001),extensometer_resolution_m=number('m',1e-12,.001),local_thermal_capacity_j_k=number('J/K',1e-6,1e5),sample_conductance_w_k=number('W/K',1e-9,1e5),plastic_heat_fraction=number('1',0,1),fracture_heat_fraction=number('1',0,1),grip_speed_m_s=number('m/s',1e-6,.1),force_control_gain_m_per_n_s=number('m/(N*s)',1e-12,1),strain_control_gain_m_s=number('m/s',1e-9,1),accept_engineering=BOOL))
+FIXTURE_EXAMPLE=dict(rated_force_n=5000.,software_trapezium_x=True,extensometer_enabled=True,extensometer_gauge_m=.025,accept_engineering_extensometer=True)
+FIXTURE=obj(dict(rated_force_n={'type':'number','const':5000.,'enum':[5000.],'x-unit':'N'},software_trapezium_x=BOOL,extensometer_enabled=BOOL,extensometer_gauge_m=number('m',.001,.25),accept_engineering_extensometer=BOOL))
+SAMPLE_EXAMPLE=dict(reference_id='epfl_s355_j2m_hem320_web',gauge_length_m=.025,initial_area_m2=2e-6,volume_m3=1.1e-7,density_kg_m3=7850.,specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k=470.,initial_temperature_k=292.65,temperature_tolerance_k=10.,host_elastic_modulus_pa=None,host_yield_strength_pa=None,hardening_modulus_pa=1e9,engineering_strain_at_break=.05,accept_bilinear_geometry_temperature_fracture_assumptions=True)
+SAMPLE=obj(dict(reference_id=TEXT,gauge_length_m=number('m',.001,.2),initial_area_m2=number('m^2',1e-10,1e-3),volume_m3=number('m^3',1e-12,.01),density_kg_m3=number('kg/m^3',1,5e4),specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k=number('J/(kg*K)',1,1e5),initial_temperature_k=number('K',200,500),temperature_tolerance_k=number('K',0,100),host_elastic_modulus_pa=nullable(number('Pa',1e3,1e13)),host_yield_strength_pa=nullable(number('Pa',1,1e11)),hardening_modulus_pa=number('Pa',0,1e12),engineering_strain_at_break=number('1',1e-6,.5),accept_bilinear_geometry_temperature_fracture_assumptions=BOOL))
+METHOD_EXAMPLE=dict(mode='speed',speed_m_s=.0005,target_crosshead_m=.003,target_force_n=400.,target_strain=.01,sample_rate_hz=1000,duration_s=10.,force_stop_n=5000.,stop_on_break=True)
+METHOD=obj(dict(mode=enum(['speed','force','strain']),speed_m_s=number('m/s',MIN_SPEED_M_S,MAX_SPEED_M_S),target_crosshead_m=number('m',0,.3),target_force_n=number('N',0,10000),target_strain=number('1',0,.5),sample_rate_hz={'type':'integer','enum':[1,10,50,100,200,500,1000],'x-unit':'Hz'},duration_s=number('s',.001,3600),force_stop_n=number('N',1,10000),stop_on_break=BOOL))
+ROW=obj(dict(point_index={'type':'integer','x-unit':'1'},time_s=number('s'),kind=enum(['sample','fracture_pre','fracture_post']),force_n=nullable(number('N')),crosshead_m=number('m'),extensometer_extension_m=nullable(number('m')),broken=BOOL,quality=enum(['estimated','below_documented_accuracy_range','overload','temperature_invalid'])))
+ANALYSIS=obj(dict(rows=array(ROW,3),area_prior_m2=nullable(number('m^2',1e-12,1)),gauge_prior_m=nullable(number('m',1e-9,1)),frame_compliance_prior_m_n=nullable(number('m/N',0,1)),elastic_fit_min_strain=number('1',0,.5),elastic_fit_max_strain=number('1',0,.5)))
+ANALYSIS_OUTPUT=obj(dict(points=array(obj(dict(time_s=number('s'),stress_pa=nullable(number('Pa')),strain=nullable(number('1'))))),elastic_modulus_pa=nullable(number('Pa')),ultimate_observed_stress_pa=nullable(number('Pa')),maximum_observed_force_n=number('N'),observed_break_strain=nullable(number('1')),observed_break_extension_m=nullable(number('m')),evidence=TEXT))
+RESULT=obj(dict(operation_id=nullable(TEXT),phase=PHASE,mode=TEXT,elapsed_s=number('s'),rows=array(ROW),terminal_reason=nullable(TEXT),template_source=nullable(TEXT),evidence=TEXT))
+LEDGER_KEYS=['loaded_mass_kg','removed_mass_kg','mass_kg','mass_residual_kg','loaded_volume_m3','removed_volume_m3','volume_m3','volume_residual_m3','actuator_work_j','plastic_work_j','plastic_heat_j','plastic_defect_stored_j','frame_elastic_j','sample_elastic_j','hardening_stored_j','fracture_surface_j','fracture_heat_j','machine_damping_export_j','sensible_loaded_j','sensible_removed_j','internal_removed_j','sample_thermal_j','heat_export_j','energy_residual_j']
+LEDGER=obj({k:number('kg' if k.endswith('_kg') else 'm^3' if k.endswith('_m3') else 'J') for k in LEDGER_KEYS})
+CAPS={}
+def cap(k,s,o,example,component,meaning,visibility='agent',kind='device_command'):CAPS[k]=dict(input_schema=s,output_schema=o,example_arguments=example,component_ids=[component],function_zh=meaning,visibility=visibility,kind=kind,effects=[])
+for k,s,e,component in [('plant.configure',PLANT,PLANT_EXAMPLE,'crosshead'),('fixture.configure',FIXTURE,FIXTURE_EXAMPLE,'upper_grip'),('method.configure',METHOD,METHOD_EXAMPLE,'controller')]:cap(k,s,obj(dict(configured=BOOL)),e,component,'配置过程/夹具/软件或试验程序；不推进时间','evaluator' if k in ('plant.configure','fixture.configure') else 'agent','configuration')
+cap('sample.load',SAMPLE,obj(dict(present=BOOL)),SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,'specimen_lower','载入真实材料参考与显式均匀拉伸/断裂/热参数','evaluator')
+cap('sample.remove',obj({}),obj(dict(removed_mass_kg=number('kg'),removed_volume_m3=number('m^3'))),{},'specimen_lower','取出全部试样/碎片与塑性库存、当前显热','evaluator')
+cap('power.set',obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)),obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)),dict(enabled=True),'power_switch','启停控制器；停止驱动不清除塑性、断裂或储能')
+cap('grip.set_closed',obj(dict(which=enum(['upper','lower']),closed=BOOL)),obj(dict(target_opening_m=number('m'))),dict(which='upper',closed=True),'upper_jaw','手工SCG夹紧/松开有限运动代理，非夹压力实测','evaluator')
+CAPS['grip.set_closed']['component_ids'].append('lower_jaw')
+cap('crosshead.move_to',obj(dict(position_m=number('m',0,.3),speed_m_s=number('m/s',MIN_SPEED_M_S,MAX_SPEED_M_S))),obj(dict(target_m=number('m'))),dict(position_m=.001,speed_m_s=.0005),'crosshead','设置有限速横梁目标；带样会真实加载，含独立5kN夹具限值')
+cap('emergency.engage',obj({}),obj(dict(engaged=BOOL)),{},'emergency_stop','停止有限驱动并保留机械/热状态，不宣称硬件安全认证')
+cap('emergency.reset',obj({}),obj(dict(engaged=BOOL)),{},'emergency_stop','宿主手动释放急停；不自动继续试验','evaluator')
+cap('force.zero',obj({}),obj(dict(zero_n=number('N'))),{},'load_cell','卸载条件下以当前实际传感器观测置零')
+cap('force.calibrate',obj(dict(reference_force_n=number('N',20,10000))),obj(dict(gain=number('1'))),dict(reference_force_n=100.),'load_cell','由外部已知载荷与实际观测拟合增益，不读取隐藏gain')
+cap('acquisition.start',obj({}),obj(dict(operation_id=TEXT)),{},'controller','按独立采样/控制时钟运行有限拉伸，记录实际力位移与引伸计')
+cap('acquisition.stop',obj({}),obj(dict(phase=PHASE,elapsed_s=number('s'))),{},'controller','停止横梁与采样，保留塑性应变、破断和已产生热量')
+cap('acquisition.result',obj({}),RESULT,{},'controller','冻结完成记录，公开结果所有角色隐藏选中材料身份','agent','query')
+cap('analysis.tensile',ANALYSIS,ANALYSIS_OUTPUT,dict(rows=[],area_prior_m2=2e-6,gauge_prior_m=.025,frame_compliance_prior_m_n=None,elastic_fit_min_strain=.0002,elastic_fit_max_strain=.0015),'controller','由外部观测及独立面积/标距先验分析应力应变与模量','agent','analysis')
+cap('provenance.read',obj({}),obj(dict(current_sample=nullable(TEXT),operation_source=nullable(TEXT))),{},'controller','独立受限当前/记录来源','evaluator','query')
+cap('ledger.read',obj({}),LEDGER,{},'controller','受限质量体积、弹性/塑性/破断与热能账','evaluator','query')
+cap('sim.step',obj(dict(dt_s=number('s',0,86400))),obj(dict(time_s=number('s'))),dict(dt_s=.02),'controller','唯一宿主时钟','evaluator','simulation')
+UNSUPPORTED={'hardware.connect':'没有真实仪器驱动','robot.load':'没有机器人装样','measurement.compression':'本SCG平条一维拉伸子集不实现压缩','measurement.bending':'未配弯曲夹具','measurement.peel':'未配剥离夹具','thermal.set_temperature':'未选温控附件，样品仅被动换热和耗散发热','noise.empirical':'没有实测noise模型，±0.5%不是随机分布','accuracy.certification':'没有OEM/ISO/ASTM计量认证','analysis.strain_without_prior_or_extensometer':'横梁位移不能无条件替代试样应变'}
+for k,v in UNSUPPORTED.items():cap(k,obj({}),obj({}),{},'controller',v)
+SLOTS={}
+def slot(k,s,u,o,c,meaning,vis='agent'):SLOTS[k]=dict(schema=s,unit=u,origin=o,component=c,meaning=meaning,visibility=vis,write=None)
+slot('fixture.extensometer_enabled',BOOL,'1','setpoint','extensometer','已配置工程引伸计硬件存在标志，不随断电隐去')
+slot('clock.time_s',number('s'),'s','derived','controller','统一宿主时间，只由step推进')
+for k in ['plant.configured','fixture.configured','method.configured','sample.present','sample.broken','power.enabled','emergency.engaged']:slot(k,BOOL,'1','derived' if k=='sample.broken' else 'setpoint','controller','配置/存在/不可逆破断/启用状态，不等于全部硬件验证')
+for k in ['crosshead.position_m','crosshead.target_m']:slot(k,number('m'),'m','scene' if 'position' in k else 'setpoint','crosshead','横梁绝对参考增量，+Z拉伸；不是试样单独伸长')
+slot('crosshead.indicated_m',nullable(number('m')),'m','sensor','controller','横梁光编码器显示代理，1µm分辨，不声称±.01mm位置准确度已验证')
+slot('frame.deflection_m',number('m'),'m','scene','compliance_carriage','串联机架/夹具工程顺应位移F/K，upper夹持点位移=横梁−该值')
+for side in ['upper','lower']:
+    slot('grip.'+side+'_opening_m',number('m'),'m','scene',side+'_jaw','单侧jaw开口增量，0夹紧/.006m打开；手工有限运动代理')
+    slot('grip.target_'+side+'_opening_m',number('m'),'m','setpoint',side+'_jaw','夹具单侧开口目标，只在step运动')
+slot('sample.visual_extension_m',number('m'),'m','scene','specimen_lower','未断样品实体伸长；断后两片残余塑性总长度增量，非连续体有限元网格')
+slot('sample.fracture_gap_m',number('m'),'m','scene','specimen_upper','断后夹点分离扣除残余材料长度的裂口，断前0')
+slot('power.angle_rad',number('rad'),'rad','scene','power_switch','电源开关显示姿态代理')
+slot('emergency.position_m',number('m'),'m','scene','emergency_stop','急停手动闩锁显示位置，0或.004m，不冒安全认证')
+slot('force.indicated_n',nullable(number('N')),'N','sensor','load_cell','含工程传感器响应/量化/校准的拉力读数，20N以下不承诺厂家高精度')
+slot('extensometer.extension_m',nullable(number('m')),'m','sensor','extensometer','独立工程夹持引伸计观测伸长；未配则null，非横梁改名')
+slot('extensometer.strain',nullable(number('1')),'1','derived','extensometer','独立引伸计伸长除其明确配置标距')
+slot('thermal.sample_k',nullable(number('K')),'K','sensor','specimen_lower','试样和宿主局部节点被动温度，85kg整机不代入热容')
+for k in ['calibration.force_gain','calibration.force_zero_n']:slot(k,number('N' if k.endswith('_n') else '1'),'N' if k.endswith('_n') else '1','derived','load_cell','从当前外部观测与已知载荷获得的校正')
+slot('acquisition.phase',PHASE,'1','derived','controller','异步采集状态')
+slot('acquisition.elapsed_s',number('s'),'s','derived','controller','试验实际耗时')
+slot('acquisition.points',{'type':'integer','x-unit':'1'},'1','derived','controller','实际采样与明确破断事件行数')
+for k,u in [('truth.force_n','N'),('truth.plastic_strain','1'),('truth.total_strain','1'),('truth.mass_kg','kg'),('truth.sample_k','K')]:slot(k,number(u),u,'process_truth','specimen_lower','受限一维本构过程真值','evaluator')
+
+# Exact constitutive / scene drive coordinates are host-only. Public strain
+# must come from the configured observable extensometer or independent priors.
+for _private_drive in ['frame.deflection_m','sample.visual_extension_m','sample.fracture_gap_m']:
+    SLOTS[_private_drive]['visibility']='evaluator'
+
+def analyze_tensile(rows,area_prior_m2,gauge_prior_m,frame_compliance_prior_m_n,elastic_fit_min_strain,elastic_fit_max_strain):
+    if len(rows)<3 or any(x['force_n'] is None for x in rows) or elastic_fit_max_strain<=elastic_fit_min_strain:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_OBSERVATIONS')
+    points=[];fit=[];break_e=None;break_x=None
+    for row in rows:
+        F=row['force_n'];stress=None if area_prior_m2 is None else F/area_prior_m2;extension=row['extensometer_extension_m']
+        if extension is None and frame_compliance_prior_m_n is not None and not row['broken']:extension=row['crosshead_m']-F*frame_compliance_prior_m_n
+        strain=None if gauge_prior_m is None or extension is None else extension/gauge_prior_m
+        points.append(dict(time_s=row['time_s'],stress_pa=stress,strain=strain))
+        if stress is not None and strain is not None and elastic_fit_min_strain<=strain<=elastic_fit_max_strain and not row['broken']:fit.append((strain,stress))
+        if row['kind']=='fracture_pre':break_e=strain;break_x=extension
+    modulus=None
+    if len(fit)>=3 and np.ptp(np.array(fit)[:,0])>1e-12:modulus=float(np.polyfit(np.array(fit)[:,0],np.array(fit)[:,1],1)[0])
+    return dict(points=points,elastic_modulus_pa=modulus,ultimate_observed_stress_pa=None if area_prior_m2 is None else max(x['force_n'] for x in rows)/area_prior_m2,maximum_observed_force_n=max(x['force_n'] for x in rows),observed_break_strain=break_e,observed_break_extension_m=break_x,evidence='external_force_and_extensometer_or_explicit_frame_compliance_correction; independent_area_gauge_priors; maximum_observed_stress_is_not_certified_material_UTS; fracture_pre_is_event_observation_not_hidden_breakstrain')
+
+class ShimadzuAgs10knxdRuntime:
+    def __init__(self,instance_id='ags_01'):
+        self.instance_id=instance_id;self.time_ns=0;self._clock_remainder_ns=0.;self.revision=0;self.power=False;self.emergency=False;self.plant=None;self.fixture=None;self.method=None;self.sample=None;self.reference=None;self.source=None
+        self.axes={k:dict(position=v,target=v,start=v,start_ns=0,arrival_ns=0) for k,v in [('crosshead',0.),('upper',.006),('lower',.006)]};self.drive_speed=MIN_SPEED_M_S;self.force=0.;self.plastic=0.;self.broken=False;self.defect_stored=0.;self.fracture_surface=0.;self.temperature=292.65;self.sensor_force=0.;self.force_gain=1.;self.force_zero=0.;self.last_stop_reason=None
+        self.phase='idle';self.operation_id=None;self.mode='none';self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.terminal_reason=None;self._counter=0;self._operation_source=None;self.records={};self._principals={};self._requests={};self._owners={};self._cancel_operations={};self._sample_ns=None;self._control_ns=None
+        self.book={k:0. for k in ['loaded_mass_kg','removed_mass_kg','loaded_volume_m3','removed_volume_m3','actuator_work_j','plastic_work_j','plastic_heat_j','fracture_heat_j','machine_damping_export_j','sensible_loaded_j','sensible_removed_j','internal_removed_j','heat_export_j']}
+    @property
+    def time_s(self):return self.time_ns/1e9
+    def register_principal(self,name,visibility):
+        if not isinstance(name,str) or not name or visibility not in ('agent','evaluator','debug') or name in self._principals:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        self._principals[name]=visibility
+    def session(self,name):
+        if name not in self._principals:raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return ShimadzuAgs10knxdSession(self,name)
+    def _pos(self,k):return self.axes[k]['position']
+    def _moving(self,k):return self.time_ns<self.axes[k]['arrival_ns']
+    def _target(self,k,value,speed=None):
+        v=speed if k=='crosshead' else self.plant['grip_speed_m_s'];a=self.axes[k];a.update(start=a['position'],target=float(value),start_ns=self.time_ns,arrival_ns=self.time_ns+int(math.ceil(abs(value-a['position'])/v*1e9)))
+    def _rate(self):
+        a=self.axes['crosshead'];return (a['target']-a['start'])/((a['arrival_ns']-a['start_ns'])/1e9) if self._moving('crosshead') else 0.
+    def _positions(self):
+        for a in self.axes.values():a['position']=a['target'] if self.time_ns>=a['arrival_ns'] else a['start']+(a['target']-a['start'])*(self.time_ns-a['start_ns'])/(a['arrival_ns']-a['start_ns'])
+    def _held(self):return self.sample is not None and all(self._pos(k)<1e-12 and not self._moving(k) for k in ['upper','lower'])
+    def _mass(self):return self.sample['volume_m3']*self.sample['density_kg_m3'] if self.sample else 0.
+    def _capacity(self):return self.plant['local_thermal_capacity_j_k']+(self._mass()*self.sample['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k'] if self.sample else 0.)
+    def _free_extension(self):return self.sample['gauge_length_m']*self.plastic if self.sample else 0.
+    def _strain(self):return self.plastic+(self.force/self.sample['initial_area_m2']/self.E if self.sample and not self.broken else 0.)
+    def _compliance(self):return self.sample['gauge_length_m']/(self.sample['initial_area_m2']*self.E)+1/self.plant['frame_stiffness_n_m']
+    def _solve(self,x):
+        if not self._held() or self.broken:return 0.,self.plastic
+        L=self.sample['gauge_length_m'];A=self.sample['initial_area_m2'];H=self.sample['hardening_modulus_pa'];C=self._compliance();trial=max(0.,(x-L*self.plastic)/C);yield_force=A*(self.Y+H*self.plastic)
+        plastic=self.plastic if trial<=yield_force else max(self.plastic,(x-C*A*self.Y)/(L+C*A*H));return max(0.,(x-L*plastic)/C),plastic
+    def _stored(self,F=None,plastic=None):
+        F=self.force if F is None else F;plastic=self.plastic if plastic is None else plastic
+        frame=.5*F*F/self.plant['frame_stiffness_n_m'] if self.plant else 0.;elastic=hardening=0.
+        if self.sample:
+            V=self.sample['initial_area_m2']*self.sample['gauge_length_m'];elastic=.5*(F/self.sample['initial_area_m2'])**2/self.E*V;hardening=.5*self.sample['hardening_modulus_pa']*plastic*plastic*V
+        return frame,elastic,hardening
+    def _temperature_valid(self):
+        if not self.sample:return True
+        nominal=self.reference.get('reference_temperature_K');domain=self.reference.get('valid_temperature_range_K');tol=self.sample['temperature_tolerance_k']
+        if nominal is not None and abs(self.temperature-nominal)>tol+1e-9:return False
+        if domain and domain[1]-domain[0]>1e-9 and not domain[0]-1e-9<=self.temperature<=domain[1]+1e-9:return False
+        return abs(self.temperature-self.sample['initial_temperature_k'])<=tol+1e-9
+    def _observed_force(self):
+        if not self.power:return None
+        result=quant((self.sensor_force-self.force_zero)*self.force_gain,self.plant['force_resolution_n'])
+        return result if abs(result)<=LOAD_CELL_MAX_N and self._temperature_valid() else None
+    def _observed_extension(self):
+        if not self.power or not self.fixture or not self.fixture['extensometer_enabled'] or not self.sample or self.broken:return None
+        p=self.plant;return quant(self._strain()*self.fixture['extensometer_gauge_m']*p['extensometer_gain']+p['extensometer_offset_m'],p['extensometer_resolution_m'])
+    def ledger(self):
+        d=copy.deepcopy(self.book);mass=self._mass();volume=self.sample['volume_m3'] if self.sample else 0.;frame,elastic,hardening=self._stored();thermal=self._capacity()*(self.temperature-self.plant['ambient_k']) if self.plant else 0.;d.update(mass_kg=mass,mass_residual_kg=d['loaded_mass_kg']-d['removed_mass_kg']-mass,volume_m3=volume,volume_residual_m3=d['loaded_volume_m3']-d['removed_volume_m3']-volume,plastic_defect_stored_j=self.defect_stored,frame_elastic_j=frame,sample_elastic_j=elastic,hardening_stored_j=hardening,fracture_surface_j=self.fracture_surface,sample_thermal_j=thermal)
+        d['energy_residual_j']=d['actuator_work_j']+d['sensible_loaded_j']-d['sensible_removed_j']-d['internal_removed_j']-d['heat_export_j']-d['machine_damping_export_j']-sum(d[k] for k in ['plastic_defect_stored_j','frame_elastic_j','sample_elastic_j','hardening_stored_j','fracture_surface_j','sample_thermal_j']);return d
+    def read(self,visibility='agent'):
+        extension=self._free_extension() if self.broken else self._strain()*self.sample['gauge_length_m'] if self.sample else 0.;frame=self.force/self.plant['frame_stiffness_n_m'] if self.plant else 0.;gap=max(0.,self._pos('crosshead')-extension) if self.sample and self.broken else 0.;ext=self._observed_extension()
+        d={'clock.time_s':self.time_s,'plant.configured':self.plant is not None,'fixture.configured':self.fixture is not None,'fixture.extensometer_enabled':bool(self.fixture and self.fixture['extensometer_enabled']),'method.configured':self.method is not None,'sample.present':self.sample is not None,'sample.broken':self.broken,'power.enabled':self.power,'emergency.engaged':self.emergency,'crosshead.position_m':self._pos('crosshead'),'crosshead.target_m':self.axes['crosshead']['target'],'crosshead.indicated_m':quant(self._pos('crosshead'),POSITION_RESOLUTION_M) if self.power else None,'frame.deflection_m':frame,'sample.visual_extension_m':extension,'sample.fracture_gap_m':gap,'power.angle_rad':.28 if self.power else 0.,'emergency.position_m':.004 if self.emergency else 0.,'force.indicated_n':self._observed_force(),'extensometer.extension_m':ext,'extensometer.strain':None if ext is None else ext/self.fixture['extensometer_gauge_m'],'thermal.sample_k':self.temperature if self.plant else None,'calibration.force_gain':self.force_gain,'calibration.force_zero_n':self.force_zero,'acquisition.phase':self.phase,'acquisition.elapsed_s':self.elapsed,'acquisition.points':len(self.rows),'truth.force_n':self.force,'truth.plastic_strain':self.plastic,'truth.total_strain':self._strain(),'truth.mass_kg':self._mass(),'truth.sample_k':self.temperature}
+        for side in ['upper','lower']:d['grip.'+side+'_opening_m']=self._pos(side);d['grip.target_'+side+'_opening_m']=self.axes[side]['target']
+        return {k:copy.deepcopy(v) for k,v in d.items() if visibility!='agent' or SLOTS[k]['visibility']=='agent'}
+    def _propagate(self,ns):
+        dt=ns/1e9
+        if dt<=0 or not self.plant:return
+        x1=self._pos('crosshead')+self._rate()*dt;F0=self.force;p0=self.plastic;F1,p1=self._solve(x1);before=sum(self._stored(F0,p0));after=sum(self._stored(F1,p1));plasticwork=0.
+        if self.sample:plasticwork=self.Y*(p1-p0)*self.sample['initial_area_m2']*self.sample['gauge_length_m']
+        heat=plasticwork*self.plant['plastic_heat_fraction'];self.book['actuator_work_j']+=after-before+plasticwork;self.book['plastic_work_j']+=plasticwork;self.book['plastic_heat_j']+=heat;self.defect_stored+=plasticwork-heat;self.force=F1;self.plastic=p1
+        C=self._capacity();G=self.plant['sample_conductance_w_k'];u0=C*(self.temperature-self.plant['ambient_k']);decay=math.exp(-G*dt/C);u1=u0*decay+(heat/dt)*C/G*(-math.expm1(-G*dt/C));self.temperature=self.plant['ambient_k']+u1/C;self.book['heat_export_j']+=heat-(u1-u0)
+        gain=self.plant['force_gain'] if self.power else 0.;f0=gain*F0+(self.plant['force_offset_n'] if self.power else 0.);slope=gain*(F1-F0)/dt;tau=self.plant['force_response_tau_s'];self.sensor_force=f0+slope*(dt-tau)+(self.sensor_force-f0+slope*tau)*math.exp(-dt/tau)
+    def _fracture_position(self):
+        ep=self.sample['engineering_strain_at_break'];A=self.sample['initial_area_m2'];L=self.sample['gauge_length_m'];H=self.sample['hardening_modulus_pa'];sigma=self.E*(ep-self.plastic)
+        if sigma>self.Y+H*self.plastic:sigma=self.E*(self.Y+H*ep)/(self.E+H)
+        return L*ep+A*max(0,sigma)/self.plant['frame_stiffness_n_m']
+    def _force_position(self,load):
+        L=self.sample['gauge_length_m'];A=self.sample['initial_area_m2'];H=self.sample['hardening_modulus_pa'];plastic=self.plastic
+        if load>A*(self.Y+H*plastic):
+            if H<=0:return math.inf
+            plastic=(load/A-self.Y)/H
+        return self._compliance()*load+L*plastic
+    def _next_material_event(self):
+        rate=self._rate();x=self._pos('crosshead')
+        if rate<=0 or not self._held() or self.broken:return None
+        A=self.sample['initial_area_m2'];yield_x=self._compliance()*A*(self.Y+self.sample['hardening_modulus_pa']*self.plastic)+self._free_extension();limit=min(FIXTURE_MAX_N,self.method['force_stop_n'] if self.phase=='running' else FIXTURE_MAX_N);positions=[(self._fracture_position(),'fracture'),(self._force_position(limit),'force_limit')]
+        if yield_x>x+1e-12:positions.append((yield_x,'yield'))
+        candidates=[]
+        for target,kind in positions:
+            if math.isfinite(target) and target>=x-1e-12:candidates.append((self.time_ns+max(1,int(math.ceil((target-x)/rate*1e9-1e-7))),kind))
+        return min(candidates) if candidates else None
+    def _record(self,kind='sample'):
+        F=self._observed_force();quality='estimated'
+        if not self._temperature_valid():quality='temperature_invalid'
+        elif F is None:quality='overload'
+        elif abs(F)<20:quality='below_documented_accuracy_range'
+        self.rows.append(dict(point_index=len(self.rows),time_s=self.time_s,kind=kind,force_n=F,crosshead_m=quant(self._pos('crosshead'),POSITION_RESOLUTION_M),extensometer_extension_m=self._observed_extension(),broken=self.broken,quality=quality))
+        return F is not None
+    def _break(self):
+        if self.broken:return
+        valid_pre=self._record('fracture_pre') if self.phase=='running' else True
+        frame,elastic,_=self._stored();heat=elastic*self.plant['fracture_heat_fraction'];self.fracture_surface+=elastic-heat;self.book['fracture_heat_j']+=heat;self.book['machine_damping_export_j']+=frame;self.temperature+=heat/self._capacity();self.force=0.;self.broken=True
+        if self.phase=='running':
+            valid_post=self._record('fracture_post')
+            if not valid_pre or not valid_post:self._finish('failed','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE' if not self._temperature_valid() else 'LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW')
+            elif self.method['stop_on_break'] or self.mode!='speed':self._finish('succeeded','fracture')
+    def _stop_drive(self):self._target('crosshead',self._pos('crosshead'),MIN_SPEED_M_S)
+    def _finish(self,phase,reason):
+        self._stop_drive();self.phase=phase;self.terminal_reason=reason;self.last_stop_reason=reason;self._sample_ns=self._control_ns=None
+        if self.operation_id:self.records[self.operation_id]=dict(operation_id=self.operation_id,phase=phase,mode=self.mode,elapsed_s=self.elapsed,rows=copy.deepcopy(self.rows),terminal_reason=reason,template_source=self._operation_source,evidence='synthetic_forward_model; literature_E_yield_reference_and_explicit_bilinear_hardening_fracture_geometry_thermal_assumptions; actual_external_observations')
+    def _result(self):
+        if self.phase!='running' and self.operation_id in self.records:return copy.deepcopy(self.records[self.operation_id])
+        return dict(operation_id=self.operation_id,phase=self.phase,mode=self.mode,elapsed_s=self.elapsed,rows=copy.deepcopy(self.rows),terminal_reason=self.terminal_reason,template_source=self._operation_source,evidence='synthetic_forward_model; actual_time_samples_and_explicit_fracture_events; not_original_material_test')
+    def _control(self):
+        if self.mode=='speed':return
+        if self.mode=='force':
+            observed=self._observed_force()
+            if observed is None:self._finish('failed','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE' if not self._temperature_valid() else 'LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW');return
+            error=self.method['target_force_n']-observed;v=self.plant['force_control_gain_m_per_n_s']*error
+        else:
+            ext=self._observed_extension()
+            if ext is None:self._finish('failed','EXTENSOMETER_UNAVAILABLE');return
+            error=self.method['target_strain']-ext/self.fixture['extensometer_gauge_m'];v=self.plant['strain_control_gain_m_s']*error
+        speed=min(abs(v),self.method['speed_m_s']);target=self.method['target_crosshead_m'] if v>0 else self._free_extension()
+        if speed<MIN_SPEED_M_S:self._stop_drive()
+        else:self._target('crosshead',target,speed)
+    def invoke(self,capability_id,**arguments):
+        if capability_id not in CAPS:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'],arguments);k=capability_id;a=copy.deepcopy(arguments)
+        if k in UNSUPPORTED:raise ActionRejected('UNSUPPORTED')
+        if k=='acquisition.result':return self._result()
+        if k=='provenance.read':return dict(current_sample=self.source,operation_source=self._operation_source)
+        if k=='ledger.read':return self.ledger()
+        if k=='analysis.tensile':return analyze_tensile(**a)
+        if k=='sim.step':self.step(a['dt_s']);return dict(time_s=self.time_s)
+        if self.phase=='running' and k not in ('acquisition.stop','emergency.engage','power.set'):raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+        if k=='plant.configure':
+            if self.plant is not None or self.sample or self.power:raise ActionRejected('PLANT_ALREADY_CONFIGURED')
+            if not a['accept_engineering']:raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            self.plant=a;self.temperature=a['ambient_k'];result=dict(configured=True)
+        elif k=='fixture.configure':
+            if self.sample or any(self._moving(x) for x in self.axes):raise ActionRejected('SAMPLE_PRESENT_OR_MOVING')
+            if a['extensometer_enabled'] and not a['accept_engineering_extensometer']:raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            self.fixture=a;self.method=None;result=dict(configured=True)
+        elif k=='method.configure':
+            if not self.fixture:raise ActionRejected('FIXTURE_REQUIRED')
+            if a['mode']!='speed' and a['sample_rate_hz']>100:raise ActionRejected('AUTOMATIC_CONTROL_MAX_100HZ')
+            if not self.fixture['software_trapezium_x'] and (a['sample_rate_hz']>10 or a['mode']!='speed'):raise ActionRejected('SOFTWARE_OPTION_REQUIRED')
+            if a['mode']=='strain' and not self.fixture['extensometer_enabled']:raise ActionRejected('EXTENSOMETER_REQUIRED')
+            if a['force_stop_n']>FIXTURE_MAX_N or a['target_force_n']>FIXTURE_MAX_N:raise ActionRejected('FIXTURE_FORCE_LIMIT')
+            self.method=a;result=dict(configured=True)
+        elif k=='sample.load':
+            if not self.plant or not self.fixture:raise ActionRejected('CONFIGURATION_REQUIRED')
+            if self.sample:raise ActionRejected('SAMPLE_PRESENT')
+            if any(self._moving(x) for x in self.axes) or self._pos('crosshead')>1e-12 or any(self._pos(x)<.006-1e-12 for x in ['upper','lower']):raise ActionRejected('LOADING_GEOMETRY')
+            if not a['accept_bilinear_geometry_temperature_fracture_assumptions']:raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            ref=library().get(a['reference_id'])
+            if ref is None:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_REFERENCE')
+            E=a['host_elastic_modulus_pa'] if a['host_elastic_modulus_pa'] is not None else ref.get('elastic_modulus_Pa');Y=a['host_yield_strength_pa'] if a['host_yield_strength_pa'] is not None else ref.get('yield_strength_Pa')
+            if E is None or Y is None or E<=0 or Y<=0:raise ActionRejected('MISSING_CONSTITUTIVE_PRIOR')
+            if a['volume_m3']<a['gauge_length_m']*a['initial_area_m2']:raise ActionRejected('VOLUME_BELOW_GAUGE')
+            if self.fixture['extensometer_enabled'] and self.fixture['extensometer_gauge_m']>a['gauge_length_m']+1e-12:raise ActionRejected('EXTENSOMETER_GAUGE_OUTSIDE_SAMPLE')
+            T=a['initial_temperature_k'];domain=ref.get('valid_temperature_range_K');nominal=ref.get('reference_temperature_K');tol=a['temperature_tolerance_k']
+            if nominal is not None and abs(T-nominal)>tol+1e-9 or domain and domain[1]-domain[0]>1e-9 and not domain[0]<=T<=domain[1]:raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            incoming=a['volume_m3']*a['density_kg_m3']*a['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k']*(T-self.plant['ambient_k']);old=self._capacity()*(self.temperature-self.plant['ambient_k']);self.sample=a;self.reference=ref;self.E=float(E);self.Y=float(Y);self.source=json.dumps(dict(reference_id=a['reference_id'],source=ref.get('source'),evidence=ref.get('evidence')),sort_keys=True);self.plastic=0.;self.force=0.;self.broken=False;self.defect_stored=0.;self.fracture_surface=0.;self.temperature=self.plant['ambient_k']+(old+incoming)/self._capacity();self.book['loaded_mass_kg']+=self._mass();self.book['loaded_volume_m3']+=a['volume_m3'];self.book['sensible_loaded_j']+=incoming;result=dict(present=True)
+        elif k=='sample.remove':
+            if not self.sample:raise ActionRejected('NO_SAMPLE')
+            if any(self._moving(x) for x in self.axes) or any(self._pos(x)<.006-1e-12 for x in ['upper','lower']) or abs(self.force)>1e-6:raise ActionRejected('UNLOAD_REQUIRED')
+            mass=self._mass();volume=self.sample['volume_m3'];self.book['removed_mass_kg']+=mass;self.book['removed_volume_m3']+=volume;self.book['sensible_removed_j']+=mass*self.sample['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k']*(self.temperature-self.plant['ambient_k']);self.book['internal_removed_j']+=sum(self._stored())+self.defect_stored+self.fracture_surface;self.sample=self.reference=self.source=None;self.plastic=0.;self.broken=False;self.force=0.;self.defect_stored=self.fracture_surface=0.;result=dict(removed_mass_kg=mass,removed_volume_m3=volume)
+        elif k=='power.set':
+            if not self.plant:raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if not a['enabled']:
+                if self.phase=='running':self._finish('cancelled','POWER_OFF')
+                for axis in self.axes:self._target(axis,self._pos(axis),MIN_SPEED_M_S if axis=='crosshead' else None)
+            self.power=a['enabled'];result=dict(enabled=self.power)
+        elif k=='grip.set_closed':
+            if not self.plant:raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if self._moving('crosshead') or abs(self.force)>1e-6:raise ActionRejected('UNLOAD_REQUIRED')
+            if self.sample and a['closed'] and abs(self._pos('crosshead')-self._free_extension())>1e-10:raise ActionRejected('GRIP_PRESTRAIN_UNSUPPORTED')
+            target=0. if a['closed'] else .006;self._target(a['which'],target);result=dict(target_opening_m=target)
+        elif k=='crosshead.move_to':
+            if not self.power:raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            if self.emergency:raise ActionRejected('EMERGENCY_ENGAGED')
+            if self.sample and not self._held():raise ActionRejected('GRIPS_NOT_CLOSED')
+            if self.sample and a['position_m']<self._free_extension()-1e-12:raise ActionRejected('COMPRESSION_OR_SLACK_UNSUPPORTED')
+            self._target('crosshead',a['position_m'],a['speed_m_s']);result=dict(target_m=a['position_m'])
+        elif k=='emergency.engage':
+            if self.phase=='running':self._finish('cancelled','EMERGENCY_STOP')
+            if self.plant:
+                for axis in self.axes:self._target(axis,self._pos(axis),MIN_SPEED_M_S if axis=='crosshead' else None)
+            self.emergency=True;result=dict(engaged=True)
+        elif k=='emergency.reset':self.emergency=False;result=dict(engaged=False)
+        elif k=='force.zero':
+            if not self.power:raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            if abs(self.force)>1e-6 or any(self._moving(x) for x in self.axes):raise ActionRejected('UNLOAD_REQUIRED')
+            self.force_zero=self.sensor_force;result=dict(zero_n=self.force_zero)
+        elif k=='force.calibrate':
+            if not self.power:raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            if any(self._moving(x) for x in self.axes):raise ActionRejected('MOVING')
+            if self.sample and a['reference_force_n']>FIXTURE_MAX_N:raise ActionRejected('FIXTURE_FORCE_LIMIT')
+            observation=self.sensor_force-self.force_zero
+            if observation<=0:raise ActionRejected('ZERO_CALIBRATION_SIGNAL')
+            gain=a['reference_force_n']/observation
+            if not math.isfinite(gain) or not .001<=gain<=1000:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_CALIBRATION')
+            self.force_gain=gain;result=dict(gain=gain)
+        elif k=='acquisition.start':
+            if not self.power:raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            if self.emergency:raise ActionRejected('EMERGENCY_ENGAGED')
+            if not self.method or not self.fixture or not self.plant:raise ActionRejected('CONFIGURATION_REQUIRED')
+            if not self.sample:raise ActionRejected('NO_SAMPLE')
+            if self.broken:raise ActionRejected('SAMPLE_BROKEN')
+            if not self._held():raise ActionRejected('GRIPS_NOT_CLOSED')
+            if any(self._moving(x) for x in self.axes):raise ActionRejected('MOVING')
+            if not self._temperature_valid():raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            if self.force>=self.method['force_stop_n']:raise ActionRejected('METHOD_FORCE_STOP')
+            if self._observed_force() is None:raise ActionRejected('LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW')
+            if self.method['target_crosshead_m']<self._free_extension()-1e-12:raise ActionRejected('COMPRESSION_OR_SLACK_UNSUPPORTED')
+            self._counter+=1;self.operation_id=f'{self.instance_id}:test:{self._counter}';self.phase='running';self.mode=self.method['mode'];self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.terminal_reason=None;self._operation_source=self.source;self._start_ns=self.time_ns;self._end_ns=self.time_ns+round(self.method['duration_s']*1e9);self._period_ns=1_000_000_000//self.method['sample_rate_hz'];self._sample_ns=self.time_ns+self._period_ns;self._control_ns=self.time_ns+CONTROL_PERIOD_NS if self.mode!='speed' else None
+            self._record()
+            if self.mode=='speed':self._target('crosshead',self.method['target_crosshead_m'],self.method['speed_m_s'])
+            else:self._control()
+            result=dict(operation_id=self.operation_id)
+        elif k=='acquisition.stop':
+            if self.phase!='running':raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+            self._finish('cancelled','USER_CANCEL');result=dict(phase=self.phase,elapsed_s=self.elapsed)
+        else:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        self.revision+=1;return copy.deepcopy(result)
+    def step(self,dt_s):
+        validate(number('s',0,86400),dt_s)
+        raw=float(dt_s)*1e9+self._clock_remainder_ns;nanos=round(raw);self._clock_remainder_ns=raw-nanos
+        if not nanos:return
+        end=self.time_ns+nanos
+        while self.time_ns<end:
+            candidates=[end]+[a['arrival_ns'] for a in self.axes.values() if a['arrival_ns']>self.time_ns];event=self._next_material_event()
+            if event:candidates.append(event[0])
+            if self.phase=='running':candidates.extend(x for x in [self._sample_ns,self._control_ns,self._end_ns] if x is not None and x>self.time_ns)
+            nxt=min(candidates);self._propagate(nxt-self.time_ns);self.time_ns=nxt;self._positions()
+            if self.phase=='running':self.elapsed=(self.time_ns-self._start_ns)/1e9
+            if event and event[0]==self.time_ns:
+                if event[1]=='fracture':self._break()
+                elif event[1]=='force_limit':
+                    self.last_stop_reason='FIXTURE_FORCE_LIMIT' if self.force>=FIXTURE_MAX_N-1e-4 else 'METHOD_FORCE_STOP'
+                    if self.phase=='running':self._record();self._finish('failed',self.last_stop_reason)
+                    else:self._stop_drive()
+            if self.phase=='running' and self._sample_ns==self.time_ns:
+                valid=self._record();self._sample_ns+=self._period_ns
+                if not valid:self._finish('failed','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE' if not self._temperature_valid() else 'LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW')
+            if self.phase=='running' and self._control_ns==self.time_ns:self._control();self._control_ns=self.time_ns+CONTROL_PERIOD_NS if self.phase=='running' else None
+            if self.phase=='running' and (self.time_ns>=self._end_ns or self.mode=='speed' and not self._moving('crosshead')):
+                valid=self._record() if not self.rows or self.rows[-1]['time_s']!=self.time_s else self.rows[-1]['force_n'] is not None
+                if not valid:self._finish('failed','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE' if not self._temperature_valid() else 'LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW')
+                else:self._finish('succeeded','duration_limit' if self.time_ns>=self._end_ns else 'target_reached')
+        self.revision+=1
+
+class ShimadzuAgs10knxdSession:
+    def __init__(self, host, principal_id): self._host = host; self._principal = principal_id
+    @property
+    def _role(self): return self._host._principals[self._principal]
+    def _target(self, instance_id):
+        if instance_id != self._host.instance_id: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+    def describe(self, *, instance_id=None, asset_type_id=None):
+        if (instance_id is None) == (asset_type_id is None): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if instance_id is not None: self._target(instance_id)
+        if asset_type_id is not None and asset_type_id != ASSET_TYPE_ID: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+        meta = export_shimadzu_ags10knxd_contract_metadata()
+        return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID, asset_version='1.0.0', capabilities={k:v for k,v in meta['capabilities'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'}, state_slots={k:v for k,v in meta['state_slots'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'})
+    def read(self, *, instance_id, state_ids=None):
+        self._target(instance_id); h=self._host; values=h.read(self._role); ids=list(values) if state_ids is None else state_ids
+        if not isinstance(ids,list) or any(not isinstance(k,str) for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if any(k not in values for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return dict(instance_id=instance_id, status='succeeded', state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s}, observations={k:dict(value=copy.deepcopy(values[k]),unit=SLOTS[k]['unit'],quality='unavailable' if values[k] is None else 'estimated' if SLOTS[k]['origin'] in ('sensor','derived') else 'valid',sample_time_s=h.time_s,sample_window_s=None) for k in ids})
+    def _filter_result(self, result):
+        result = copy.deepcopy(result)
+        # A bridge may dispatch agent-visible capabilities through a privileged
+        # session. Public acquisition payloads therefore use the SAME redaction
+        # for every role. Full provenance has its own evaluator-only capability.
+        if 'rows' in result and 'template_source' in result:
+            result['template_source'] = str(LIBRARY_PATH.relative_to(ROOT)) + '; selected record provenance available only through evaluator provenance.read' if result['template_source'] is not None else None
+            result['evidence'] = 'synthetic_forward_model; actual_force_crosshead_extensometer_observations; literature_reference_and_explicit_bilinear_geometry_thermal_fracture_assumptions; selected record restricted' if result['operation_id'] is not None else 'no_measurement'
+        return result
+    def invoke(self, *, instance_id, capability_id, arguments, request_id):
+        h=self._host
+        try:
+            self._target(instance_id)
+            if not isinstance(capability_id,str) or capability_id not in CAPS: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+            if self._role=='agent' and CAPS[capability_id]['visibility']!='agent': raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'],arguments); key=(self._principal,request_id); digest=json.dumps([capability_id,arguments],sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+            if key in h._requests:
+                old,response=h._requests[key]
+                if old!=digest: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+                return copy.deepcopy(response)
+            if capability_id in ('acquisition.stop','acquisition.result') and self._role=='agent' and h.operation_id and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if capability_id=='power.set' and not arguments['enabled'] and h.phase=='running' and self._role=='agent' and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            result=self._filter_result(h.invoke(capability_id,**arguments)); operation=result.get('operation_id') if capability_id in ('acquisition.start',) else None
+            if operation: h._owners[operation]=self._principal
+            response=dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=operation,status='accepted' if operation else 'succeeded',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result=result,observations={},error=None)
+            h._requests[key]=(digest,copy.deepcopy(response)); return response
+        except ActionRejected as exc:
+            return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=None,status='unsupported' if str(exc)=='UNSUPPORTED' else 'rejected',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result={},observations={},error=dict(code=str(exc),message=str(exc),retryable=False,side_effects='none'))
+    def write(self, *, instance_id, state_id, value, request_id):
+        self._target(instance_id); entry=SLOTS.get(state_id)
+        if not entry or not entry['write']: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        capability,argument=entry['write']; return self.invoke(instance_id=instance_id,capability_id=capability,arguments={argument:value},request_id=request_id)
+    def poll(self, operation_id):
+        h=self._host
+        if h._owners.get(operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        result=h._result() if operation_id==h.operation_id and h.phase=='running' else h.records.get(operation_id)
+        if result is None: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_OPERATION')
+        return dict(operation_id=operation_id,status=result['phase'],result=self._filter_result(result))
+    def cancel(self, operation_id, request_id):
+        self.poll(operation_id); h=self._host
+        if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        key=(self._principal,request_id)
+        if key in h._cancel_operations:
+            if h._cancel_operations[key]!=operation_id: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+            return copy.deepcopy(h._requests[key][1])
+        if key in h._requests: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        if operation_id!=h.operation_id or h.phase!='running': raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+        result=self.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.stop',arguments={},request_id=request_id)
+        if result['status']=='succeeded': h._cancel_operations[key]=operation_id
+        return result
+
+for i,strain in enumerate([.0002,.0005,.001]):
+    CAPS['analysis.tensile']['example_arguments']['rows'].append(dict(point_index=i,time_s=i*.1,kind='sample',force_n=2e11*strain*2e-6,crosshead_m=strain*.025+(2e11*strain*2e-6)/1e8,extensometer_extension_m=strain*.025,broken=False,quality='estimated'))
+EFFECTS={
+ 'plant.configure':['plant.configured','thermal.sample_k','truth.sample_k'],
+ 'fixture.configure':['fixture.configured','fixture.extensometer_enabled','method.configured'],
+ 'method.configure':['method.configured'],
+ 'sample.load':['sample.present','sample.broken','thermal.sample_k','truth.sample_k','truth.mass_kg','extensometer.extension_m','extensometer.strain'],
+ 'sample.remove':['sample.present','sample.broken','truth.mass_kg','truth.plastic_strain','truth.total_strain','sample.visual_extension_m','sample.fracture_gap_m','extensometer.extension_m','extensometer.strain'],
+ 'power.set':['power.enabled','power.angle_rad','force.indicated_n','crosshead.indicated_m','extensometer.extension_m','extensometer.strain','crosshead.target_m','grip.target_upper_opening_m','grip.target_lower_opening_m','acquisition.phase'],
+ 'grip.set_closed':['grip.target_upper_opening_m','grip.target_lower_opening_m'],
+ 'crosshead.move_to':['crosshead.target_m'],
+ 'emergency.engage':['emergency.engaged','emergency.position_m','crosshead.target_m','grip.target_upper_opening_m','grip.target_lower_opening_m','acquisition.phase'],
+ 'emergency.reset':['emergency.engaged','emergency.position_m'],
+ 'force.zero':['calibration.force_zero_n','force.indicated_n'],
+ 'force.calibrate':['calibration.force_gain','force.indicated_n'],
+ 'acquisition.start':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.elapsed_s','acquisition.points','crosshead.target_m'],
+ 'acquisition.stop':['acquisition.phase','crosshead.target_m'],
+ 'sim.step':list(SLOTS)}
+for k,v in EFFECTS.items():CAPS[k]['effects']=v
+ERRORS=sorted(set(__import__('re').findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_0-9]+)'",Path(__file__).read_text()))|{'USER_CANCEL','EMERGENCY_STOP','LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW','METHOD_FORCE_STOP'})
+LIMITATIONS=[
+ '配置AGS-10kNXD高精度10kN传感器、真实SCG5kN手动拉伸夹具、TRAPEZIUM X软件；5000N夹具限值独立于10000N传感器量程，不实现弯曲/剥离/压缩和温控附件。',
+ '试验速度0.001..1000mm/min；最大1500mm/min回程不是本试验速度范围。1µm是位移显示分辨，不是定位准确度；±0.5% indicated仅20..10000N厂家条件，不自动变模拟噪声或已测精度。',
+ '有选定TRAPEZIUM软件时速度模式最多1000Hz真实采样；厂家自动force/stress或strain控制10ms，因此力/应变控制最多100Hz，工程反馈也严格每10ms更新。无软件选项仅保守10Hz速度模式，不声称OEM所有无软件模式。',
+ '材料库真实金属processed true/log曲线及E/0.2%yield和独立聚合物汇总标量是参考，不是本机器原生输出。真实E/Y驱动显式一维双线性代理；硬化H、工程断裂ε、温域常数近似、尺寸迁移和热参数须宿主接受。真实局部断口true strain不冒充engineering break elongation，截断曲线末点不是UTS或断裂。',
+ '均匀有效标距采用engineering strain、固定initial area的小变形一维代理，不解颈缩、面积演变、局部损伤或全场应变；源true-stress标量迁移到该代理是工程假设。rate-independent plasticity不是真实全速率材料响应。',
+ '横梁q=L*(elastic_strain+plastic_strain)+F/K；K包含机架/夹具串联顺应，不能把q/L直接当试样应变。工程夹持引伸计独立输出标距伸长，可显式不配；面积和标距均需独立先验才分析stress/strain。',
+ 'H使用储能硬化变量：Uhard=.5*H*ep²*A*L；不可逆plasticwork=Y*d(ep)*A*L，β变热其余保留缺陷能。显式断裂阈值释放sampleelastic至热/新表面，frameelastic导出至机架阻尼；残余塑性及硬化/缺陷能随碎片保留。',
+ '准静态一维力平衡不解横梁惯性或真实破断应力波。理想瞬时断裂时F物理突降，传感器仍有一阶响应；断裂pre/post是额外明确事件记录，不能冒充1000Hz时间网格中的额外独立采样。',
+ '被动热节点=宿主输入完整样品质量*Cp+局部接触热容，不使用85kg整机质量。塑性只对有效AL积分，完整体积/密度是独立先验并包含未变形tabs；视觉tabs形状不作为精确体积计量。没有主动温控器。',
+ '取消/急停/断电停止位移并按自锁丝杆假设保留静载弹性能，之后仍被动换热；不会重置塑性或断裂。带样不允许横梁进入低于残余自由长度的压缩/松弛区域，开夹须F≈0。夹具动作是有限时间手工代理，不声称真实电动SCG。',
+ '校准从当前实际传感器观测和外部已知力先验求zero/gain；不存在未接加载标准的自动已知真值，外部力先验没有证书即非计量认证。仅输出校准参数，不声称闭环准确度达标。',
+ '固定3D示例自由标距25mm、2mm×1mm，两个15mm夹持tabs。过程可配置其它尺寸但当前视觉仍是固定示例，不声称自动匹配任意试样。sample.present=false须隐藏试样，卸样后q可非零。',
+ '所有普通Session acquisition.result/poll跨角色统一隐藏选中材料身份，独立provenance.read仅evaluator；共享磁盘/Python不是操作系统隔离。实机驱动、机器人、经验噪声与OEM/ASTM/ISO认证均not_run。']
+
+def export_shimadzu_ags10knxd_contract_metadata():
+    slots={};caps={}
+    for k,v in SLOTS.items():slots[k]=dict(meaning_zh=v['meaning'],component_ids=[v['component']],value_schema=copy.deepcopy(v['schema']),unit=v['unit'],reference_conditions='SI; 10kN high-precision load cell / 5kN SCG tensile fixture / configured software and engineering extensometer.',origin=v['origin'],visibility=v['visibility'],access='read_only',read_binding=dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',accessor=f'ShimadzuAgs10knxdSession.read(state_ids=[{k!r}])'),write_via=None,sampling=dict(mode='instant',time_domain='simulation',window_description='Pure read; sampling at configured fixed time grid with separately labelled fracture event observations.'),source_ids=['simulation_assumption'])
+    for k,v in CAPS.items():
+        un=k in UNSUPPORTED;async_=k=='acquisition.start';caps[k]={key:copy.deepcopy(v[key]) for key in ['input_schema','output_schema','component_ids','function_zh','kind','visibility','example_arguments']}
+        caps[k].update(availability='unsupported' if un else 'implemented',implementation={layer:'absent' if un or layer in ('scene','robot','hardware') else 'implemented' for layer in ['process','scene','robot','hardware','host']},binding=None if un else dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',entrypoint='asset_runtime.shimadzu_ags10knxd.ShimadzuAgs10knxdSession.invoke',invocation=f'session.invoke(instance_id="ags_01",capability_id={k!r},arguments={v["example_arguments"]!r},request_id="unique")'),preconditions=[] if un or v['kind'] in ('query','analysis') else [dict(description_zh='入口原子核对夹具/软件、载荷、夹持和独立材料/热/断裂先验；采样与控制必须显式step。',state_ids=['power.enabled','sample.present','fixture.configured','emergency.engaged','acquisition.phase'],enforced_by='runtime',check='ShimadzuAgs10knxdRuntime.invoke')],state_effects=[dict(state_id=s,timing='on_step' if k=='sim.step' else 'immediate',description_zh='声明设置或观测变化，真实驱动/热/传感器过程由step推进') for s in v['effects']],observes=[],model_effects=dict(mode='none',description_zh='运行层输出绑定状态，实际几何、双片变形和读数联动由独立scene验证。',binding_ids=[]),execution=dict(mode='asynchronous' if async_ else 'synchronous',time_domain='simulation',completion_criterion='实际有限位移/时限/明确破断条件完成；力/应变控制为限时反馈，完成不等于误差为零' if async_ else '原子命令，step为唯一物理时钟',completion_state_ids=['acquisition.phase'] if async_ else [],timeout_s=None,cancellation='supported' if async_ else 'unsupported',retry='same_request_id',resources=['host_clock','crosshead','tensile_fixture','load_cell','extensometer'],partial_failure_zh='保留已采样点、真实位移/力、塑性、断裂和全部热/弹性/缺陷能账。'),errors=[dict(code=e,meaning_zh=e,side_effects='partial' if async_ and e in ('USER_CANCEL','EMERGENCY_STOP','LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE','FIXTURE_FORCE_LIMIT','METHOD_FORCE_STOP') else 'none') for e in ERRORS],verification=[],limitations=LIMITATIONS,source_ids=['manufacturer_primary','simulation_assumption','template_library'])
+        if k in ('acquisition.start','crosshead.move_to','grip.set_closed','power.set','emergency.engage'):
+            caps[k]['state_effects'] += [dict(state_id=s,timing='on_step',description_zh='由统一宿主时钟推进准静态本构、被动热和实际传感器响应') for s in SLOTS if s not in v['effects'] and SLOTS[s]['origin'] in ('sensor','derived','scene','process_truth')]
+    mechanism=dict(component_ids=['crosshead','compliance_carriage','load_cell','upper_grip','lower_grip','specimen_lower','specimen_upper','extensometer','controller'],state_ids=list(slots),meaning_zh='串联顺应的拉伸双线性塑性、明确破断与可核算热/储能；独立传感器、固定采样和10ms反馈时钟',implementation='lumped',equations=['q=L*(ep+F/(A*E))+F/K; engineering strain=ep+F/(A*E).','yield stress=Y+H*ep; tensile return mapping enforces irreversible ep and quasi-static series equilibrium.','Uelastic=F²/(2K)+0.5*(F/A)²/E*A*L; Uhardening=0.5*H*ep²*A*L.','dWactuator=d(Uelastic+Uhardening)+Y*A*L*d(ep); Qplastic=beta*Y*A*L*d(ep), remaining work stored as defect energy.','At host-assumed fracture strain, sample elastic energy partitions into heat/surface; frame elastic energy exports as damping. ep and hardening/defect/surface energy remain with fragments.','C*dT/dt=-G*(T-Tambient)+Pplastic; sample load/remove transfers physical mass, volume, sensible heat and internal inventory.','tau*dFdet/dt=gain*F+offset-Fdet; Fobs=round((Fdet-zero)*cal_gain/res)*res.','Calibration cal_gain=external_known_force/(actual_detector_observation-zero); no hidden truth is used.','External analysis: sigma=Fobs/Aprior; strain=extension_observed/Lprior or (qobs-Fobs*Cframe_prior)/Lprior; no joint inversion of unknown geometry.','Sampling grid up to1000Hz with selected software; automatic force/strain feedback and associated sampling max100Hz. Fractional-nanosecond carry and yield/fracture/axis events maintain partition invariance.'],parameters={},source_ids=['simulation_assumption','template_library'],limitations=LIMITATIONS)
+    spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('_ags_local_annotations',ROOT/'scripts/asset_runtime/_annotations.py');ann=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(ann);ann.KEY_ZH.update({k:v['meaning'] for k,v in SLOTS.items()});ann.annotate_export(SLUG,caps,slots,{'uniaxial_tension':mechanism},inputs={'plant.configure':(PLANT,PLANT_EXAMPLE),'fixture.configure':(FIXTURE,FIXTURE_EXAMPLE),'sample.load':(SAMPLE,SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),'method.configure':(METHOD,METHOD_EXAMPLE)})
+    for k,v in SLOTS.items():slots[k]['meaning_zh']=v['meaning']
+    return dict(asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID,catalog_id=CATALOG_ID,capabilities=caps,state_slots=slots,mechanisms={'uniaxial_tension':mechanism})
diff --git a/scripts/asset_runtime/signatone_quadpro2.py b/scripts/asset_runtime/signatone_quadpro2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d384b501c1ece0e9ea4c12eaea314e4853f0e8b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/asset_runtime/signatone_quadpro2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+"""QuadPro2-DAC0 with Keithley2450: timed four-contact thin-film wafer mapping."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
+PROTOCOL_VERSION='1.0.0';SLUG='signatone_quadpro2';ASSET_TYPE_ID='instrument.'+SLUG;CATALOG_ID='CHEM-142'
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2];ASSET=ROOT/'assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal'/SLUG;LIBRARY_PATH=ASSET/'sheet_resistance_library.json'
+
+class ActionRejected(ValueError):pass
+
+def number(unit='1',lo=None,hi=None):
+    s={'type':'number','x-unit':unit}
+    if lo is not None:s['minimum']=lo
+    if hi is not None:s['maximum']=hi
+    return s
+
+def obj(properties):return dict(type='object',properties=properties,required=list(properties),additionalProperties=False)
+def nullable(s):return {'anyOf':[s,{'type':'null'}]}
+def array(s,minimum=0,maximum=200001):return dict(type='array',items=s,minItems=minimum,maxItems=maximum)
+def enum(items):return {'type':'string','enum':items}
+BOOL={'type':'boolean'};TEXT={'type':'string'};PHASE=enum(['idle','running','succeeded','cancelled','failed'])
+
+def validate(s,v):
+    if 'anyOf' in s:
+        for o in s['anyOf']:
+            try:validate(o,v);return
+            except ActionRejected:pass
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    k=s.get('type')
+    if k in ('number','integer'):
+        if isinstance(v,bool) or not isinstance(v,(int,float)) or not math.isfinite(v) or k=='integer' and type(v) is not int or not s.get('minimum',-math.inf)<=v<=s.get('maximum',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='object':
+        if not isinstance(v,dict) or set(v)!=set(s['properties']):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for key,value in v.items():validate(s['properties'][key],value)
+    elif k=='array':
+        if not isinstance(v,list) or not s.get('minItems',0)<=len(v)<=s.get('maxItems',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for x in v:validate(s['items'],x)
+    elif k=='boolean' and type(v) is not bool:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='string' and not isinstance(v,str):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='null' and v is not None:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    if 'enum' in s and v not in s['enum']:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+
+from scipy.linalg import expm
+CURRENT_RANGES=[10.**p for p in range(-8,1)]
+VOLTAGE_RANGES=[.02,.2,2.,20.,200.]
+PROBE_SPACINGS=[.001016,.00127,.0015875]
+CONFIGURATIONS={'a_14_23':(0,3,1,2),'b_13_24':(0,2,1,3)}
+WARMUP_S=3600.;CALIBRATION_S=180.;PROBE_RAISED_M=.01
+
+def library():return {v['id']:v for v in json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())['templates']}
+def reference_rho(record,T,allow_invalid=False):
+    rows=record['curves']['resistivity'];lo=max(rows[0]['temperature_K'],record['valid_temperature_range_K'][0]);hi=min(rows[-1]['temperature_K'],record['valid_temperature_range_K'][1]);valid=lo-1e-6<=T<=hi+1e-6
+    if not valid and not allow_invalid:return None
+    return float(np.interp(T,[p['temperature_K'] for p in rows],[p['value_ohm_m'] for p in rows])),valid
+
+def probe_points(x_m,y_m,spacing_m,orientation_rad=0.):
+    direction=complex(math.cos(orientation_rad),math.sin(orientation_rad));center=complex(x_m,y_m)
+    return [center+v*spacing_m*direction for v in [-1.5,-.5,.5,1.5]]
+def disk_kernel(z,a,radius_m,contact_radius_m=None):
+    # Neumann disk source kernel, modulo constants which cancel for source/sink.
+    distance=abs(z-a) if contact_radius_m is None else max(abs(z-a),contact_radius_m)
+    return math.log(distance/radius_m)+math.log(abs(1-z*a.conjugate()/radius_m**2))
+def disk_transfer_coefficient(diameter_m,spacing_m,x_m,y_m,configuration='a_14_23',orientation_rad=0.,contact_radius_m=0.):
+    R=diameter_m/2;pts=probe_points(x_m,y_m,spacing_m,orientation_rad)
+    if any(abs(p)+max(contact_radius_m,1e-10)>=R for p in pts):raise ActionRejected('PROBE_OUTSIDE_WAFER')
+    a,b,c,d=CONFIGURATIONS[configuration]
+    potential=lambda z:-(disk_kernel(z,pts[a],R)-disk_kernel(z,pts[b],R))/(2*math.pi)
+    value=potential(pts[c])-potential(pts[d])
+    if not value>0:raise ActionRejected('GEOMETRY_UNRESOLVED')
+    return float(value)
+def disk_drive_coefficient(diameter_m,spacing_m,x_m,y_m,configuration,contact_radius_m):
+    R=diameter_m/2;pts=probe_points(x_m,y_m,spacing_m);a,b,_,_=CONFIGURATIONS[configuration]
+    potential=lambda z:-(disk_kernel(z,pts[a],R,contact_radius_m)-disk_kernel(z,pts[b],R,contact_radius_m))/(2*math.pi)
+    return float(potential(pts[a])-potential(pts[b]))
+
+def infer_sheet_resistance(diameter_m,spacing_m,x_m,y_m,observations,calibration_gain,thickness_prior_m):
+    estimates=[]
+    for configuration in CONFIGURATIONS:
+        rows=[p for p in observations if p['configuration']==configuration]
+        if len(rows)!=2 or rows[0]['current_a']*rows[1]['current_a']>=0:raise ActionRejected('CURRENT_REVERSAL_REQUIRED')
+        dI=rows[0]['current_a']-rows[1]['current_a'];dV=rows[0]['voltage_v']-rows[1]['voltage_v']
+        if abs(dI)<1e-20:raise ActionRejected('CURRENT_UNRESOLVED')
+        coefficient=disk_transfer_coefficient(diameter_m,spacing_m,x_m,y_m,configuration);value=calibration_gain*dV/dI/coefficient
+        if not math.isfinite(value) or value<=0:raise ActionRejected('NONPOSITIVE_SHEET_RESISTANCE')
+        estimates.append(value)
+    mean=float(np.mean(estimates));spread=abs(estimates[0]-estimates[1])/mean
+    return dict(sheet_resistance_ohm_sq=mean,resistivity_ohm_m=None if thickness_prior_m is None else mean*thickness_prior_m,configuration_a_ohm_sq=estimates[0],configuration_b_ohm_sq=estimates[1],configuration_disagreement_fraction=spread,evidence='external_reversed_VI_and_finite_disk_Neumann_correction; rho_only_with_explicit_thickness_prior; not_OEM_ASTM_certification')
+
+PLANT_EXAMPLE=dict(ambient_k=300.,voltage_gain=1.03,voltage_offset_v=2e-6,voltage_response_tau_s=.01,current_gain=1.,electrical_contact_radius_m=10e-6,current_contact_resistance_ohm=20.,thermal_conductance_w_k=.05,local_thermal_capacity_j_k=.1,xy_speed_m_s=.04,z_speed_m_s=.005,hood_speed_rad_s=.5,temperature_resolution_k=.001,rear_triax_connected=True,accept_engineering=True)
+PLANT=obj({'ambient_k':number('K',283.15,313.15),'voltage_gain':number('1',.1,10),'voltage_offset_v':number('V',-.1,.1),'voltage_response_tau_s':number('s',1e-5,10),'current_gain':number('1',.1,10),'electrical_contact_radius_m':number('m',1e-7,4e-5),'current_contact_resistance_ohm':number('ohm',0,1e9),'thermal_conductance_w_k':number('W/K',0,1000),'local_thermal_capacity_j_k':number('J/K',.001,100),'xy_speed_m_s':number('m/s',1e-5,.3),'z_speed_m_s':number('m/s',1e-5,.03),'hood_speed_rad_s':number('rad/s',.001,2),'temperature_resolution_k':number('K',1e-5,1),'rear_triax_connected':BOOL,'accept_engineering':BOOL})
+WAFER_EXAMPLE=dict(diameter_m=.1,substrate_thickness_m=.0005)
+WAFER=obj({'diameter_m':number('m',.01,.3),'substrate_thickness_m':number('m',1e-5,.01)})
+PROBE_EXAMPLE=dict(spacing_m=.00127,force_per_pin_n=.83356525,tip_radius_m=40.64e-6,tip_material='tungsten_carbide')
+PROBE=obj({'spacing_m':dict(type='number',enum=PROBE_SPACINGS,**{'x-unit':'m'}),'force_per_pin_n':dict(type='number',enum=[.44129925,.83356525,1.765197],**{'x-unit':'N'}),'tip_radius_m':dict(type='number',enum=[40.64e-6,127e-6,254e-6],**{'x-unit':'m'}),'tip_material':enum(['tungsten_carbide','osmium'])})
+THERMAL_SAMPLE=dict(conducting_thickness_m=1e-6,film_density_kg_m3=6000.,film_cp_j_kg_k=300.,substrate_density_kg_m3=2330.,substrate_cp_j_kg_k=700.,initial_temperature_k=300.,accept_thin_layer_and_thermal_assumptions=True)
+THERMAL_PROPERTIES={'conducting_thickness_m':number('m',1e-9,5e-5),'film_density_kg_m3':number('kg/m^3',1,30000),'film_cp_j_kg_k':number('J/kg/K',1,10000),'substrate_density_kg_m3':number('kg/m^3',1,30000),'substrate_cp_j_kg_k':number('J/kg/K',1,10000),'initial_temperature_k':number('K',1,363.14),'accept_thin_layer_and_thermal_assumptions':BOOL}
+SAMPLE_EXAMPLE=dict(THERMAL_SAMPLE,reference_id='starry_40927',gradient_x_fraction=.1,gradient_y_fraction=-.05,radial_fraction=.03,accept_synthetic_map_and_bulk_reference=True)
+SAMPLE=obj(dict(THERMAL_PROPERTIES,reference_id=TEXT,gradient_x_fraction=number('1',-.2,.2),gradient_y_fraction=number('1',-.2,.2),radial_fraction=number('1',-.2,.2),accept_synthetic_map_and_bulk_reference=BOOL))
+STANDARD_EXAMPLE=dict(THERMAL_SAMPLE,actual_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq=100.,accept_host_standard_not_certified=True)
+STANDARD=obj(dict(THERMAL_PROPERTIES,actual_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq=number('ohm/sq',1e-12,1e15),accept_host_standard_not_certified=BOOL))
+POINT=obj({'x_m':number('m',-.15,.15),'y_m':number('m',-.15,.15)})
+MAP_EXAMPLE=dict(points=[dict(x_m=x,y_m=y) for x,y in [(0,0),(.02,0),(0,.02),(-.02,0),(0,-.02),(.049,0)]],edge_exclusion_m=.003,thickness_prior_m=1e-6)
+MAP=obj({'points':array(POINT,1,14000),'edge_exclusion_m':number('m',0,.15),'thickness_prior_m':nullable(number('m',1e-9,5e-5))})
+METHOD_EXAMPLE=dict(auto_current=True,current_min_a=1e-8,current_max_a=.001,fixed_current_a=.0001,voltage_range_v=.2,voltage_compliance_v=20.,target_voltage_min_v=.005,target_voltage_max_v=.08,phase_duration_s=.3,settling_s=.2,require_calibration=True,require_warmup=False)
+METHOD=obj({'auto_current':BOOL,'current_min_a':dict(type='number',enum=CURRENT_RANGES,**{'x-unit':'A'}),'current_max_a':dict(type='number',enum=CURRENT_RANGES,**{'x-unit':'A'}),'fixed_current_a':number('A',0,1),'voltage_range_v':dict(type='number',enum=VOLTAGE_RANGES,**{'x-unit':'V'}),'voltage_compliance_v':number('V',.002,200),'target_voltage_min_v':number('V',1e-8,100),'target_voltage_max_v':number('V',1e-7,200),'phase_duration_s':number('s',.3,30),'settling_s':number('s',0,60),'require_calibration':BOOL,'require_warmup':BOOL})
+OBSERVATION=obj({'configuration':enum(list(CONFIGURATIONS)),'current_a':number('A'),'voltage_v':number('V'),'host_time_s':number('s',0)})
+OBS_INPUT=obj({'configuration':enum(list(CONFIGURATIONS)),'current_a':number('A'),'voltage_v':number('V')})
+INFERENCE=obj({'sheet_resistance_ohm_sq':number('ohm/sq',0),'resistivity_ohm_m':nullable(number('ohm*m',0)),'configuration_a_ohm_sq':number('ohm/sq',0),'configuration_b_ohm_sq':number('ohm/sq',0),'configuration_disagreement_fraction':number('1',0),'evidence':TEXT})
+ANALYSIS_INPUT=obj({'diameter_m':number('m',.01,.3),'spacing_m':dict(type='number',enum=PROBE_SPACINGS,**{'x-unit':'m'}),'x_m':number('m',-.15,.15),'y_m':number('m',-.15,.15),'observations':array(OBS_INPUT,4,4),'calibration_gain':number('1',.1,10),'thickness_prior_m':nullable(number('m',1e-9,5e-5))})
+ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE=dict(diameter_m=.1,spacing_m=.00127,x_m=0.,y_m=0.,observations=[dict(configuration=c,current_a=I,voltage_v=I*100*disk_transfer_coefficient(.1,.00127,0,0,c)+2e-6) for c in CONFIGURATIONS for I in [.0001,-.0001]],calibration_gain=1.,thickness_prior_m=None)
+MAP_ROW=obj({'point_index':dict(type='integer',minimum=0,maximum=13999,**{'x-unit':'1'}),'x_m':number('m'),'y_m':number('m'),'time_s':number('s',0),'host_time_s':number('s',0),'observations':array(OBSERVATION,0,4),'sheet_resistance_ohm_sq':nullable(number('ohm/sq')),'resistivity_ohm_m':nullable(number('ohm*m')),'configuration_disagreement_fraction':nullable(number('1')),'quality':enum(['estimated','unavailable']),'error_code':nullable(TEXT)})
+STATS=obj({'count':dict(type='integer',minimum=0,maximum=14000,**{'x-unit':'1'}),'mean_ohm_sq':nullable(number('ohm/sq')),'std_ohm_sq':nullable(number('ohm/sq')),'minimum_ohm_sq':nullable(number('ohm/sq')),'maximum_ohm_sq':nullable(number('ohm/sq')),'relative_std_percent':nullable(number('%'))})
+AUTO_ROW=obj({'requested_current_a':number('A'),'measured_current_positive_a':number('A'),'measured_current_negative_a':number('A'),'voltage_positive_v':nullable(number('V')),'voltage_negative_v':nullable(number('V')),'reversal_signal_v':nullable(number('V')),'time_s':number('s',0),'source_compliance':BOOL})
+EXCLUDED=obj({'point_index':dict(type='integer',minimum=0,maximum=13999,**{'x-unit':'1'}),'x_m':number('m'),'y_m':number('m'),'reason':TEXT})
+RESULT=obj({'operation_id':nullable(TEXT),'operation_kind':nullable(enum(['mapping','calibration'])),'phase':PHASE,'elapsed_s':number('s',0),'rows':array(MAP_ROW,0,14000),'excluded_points':array(EXCLUDED,0,14000),'auto_trials':array(AUTO_ROW,0,9),'selected_current_a':number('A',0,1),'statistics':STATS,'calibration_gain':nullable(number('1')),'template_source':nullable(TEXT),'evidence':TEXT,'error_code':nullable(TEXT)})
+CAPS={};SLOTS={}
+def cap(k,i,o,c,z,kind='device_command',visibility='agent',example=None):CAPS[k]=dict(input_schema=i,output_schema=o,component_ids=c,function_zh=z,kind=kind,visibility=visibility,example_arguments=copy.deepcopy(example or {}),effects=[])
+def slot(k,s,u,z,origin='derived',visibility='agent',component='controller'):SLOTS[k]=dict(schema=s,unit=u,meaning=z,origin=origin,visibility=visibility,component=component,write=None)
+cap('plant.configure',PLANT,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['controller','source_meter','sample_stage'],'宿主明确误差、运动速度、被动热参数及2450 rear triax连接，不注入厂家准确度','configuration','evaluator',PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+cap('wafer.configure',WAFER,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['sample_wafer'],'10至300mm圆片和绝缘支承基底厚度，载入后锁定几何','configuration','evaluator',WAFER_EXAMPLE)
+cap('probe.configure',PROBE,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['probe_head'],'选择SP4间距、tip/载荷并使既有校准失效；不伪装Pa压力或动态重建3D探针','configuration',example=PROBE_EXAMPLE)
+cap('sample.load',SAMPLE,obj({'loaded':BOOL}),['sample_wafer'],'装载真实rho文献参考驱动的薄膜+基底；地图/膜厚/热参数明确宿主假设','configuration','evaluator',SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+cap('standard.load',STANDARD,obj({'loaded':BOOL}),['sample_wafer'],'宿主装入独立给定实际Rs的薄膜标样代理，证书/NIST真实性未验证','configuration','evaluator',STANDARD_EXAMPLE)
+cap('sample.remove',obj({}),obj({'loaded':BOOL}),['sample_wafer'],'卸除全部膜/基底质量和显热，既有测量与耗散账不回滚','configuration','evaluator')
+cap('power.set',obj({'enabled':BOOL}),obj({'enabled':BOOL}),['power_switch','source_meter'],'整系统源与自动运动电源，2450额定精度预热状态随真实时间累计',example={'enabled':True})
+cap('stage.move',POINT,obj({'target_x_m':number('m'),'target_y_m':number('m')}),['stage_x','sample_stage'],'安全抬针后移动真实XY机械坐标，测点坐标与样品台位移取反',example={'x_m':.01,'y_m':-.01})
+cap('probe.set_contact',obj({'contact':BOOL}),obj({'target_m':number('m',0,PROBE_RAISED_M)}),['probe_head'],'有限速度下降接触或抬针，不跳跃针尖姿态',example={'contact':True})
+cap('enclosure.set_open',obj({'opened':BOOL}),obj({'target_rad':number('rad',0,1.1)}),['hood'],'宿主手动暗箱翻盖有限速度代理，打开装样、关闭测量','simulation','evaluator',{'opened':False})
+cap('map.configure',MAP,obj({'configured':BOOL,'accepted_points':dict(type='integer',minimum=0,maximum=14000,**{'x-unit':'1'}),'excluded_points':dict(type='integer',minimum=0,maximum=14000,**{'x-unit':'1'})}),['sample_stage','controller'],'最多14000自定义点及边缘排除；无导电厚度先验时仅报告Rs','configuration',example=MAP_EXAMPLE)
+cap('method.configure',METHOD,obj({'configured':BOOL}),['source_meter','controller'],'AutoRange只首点逐档真试测，后续地图固定该电流；每点双接线正反四相≥1.2s','configuration',example=METHOD_EXAMPLE)
+cap('calibration.start',obj({'reference_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq':number('ohm/sq',1e-12,1e15)}),obj({'operation_id':TEXT,'minimum_duration_s':number('s',180)}),['source_meter','probe_head','controller'],'外部给定标样值与真实4相观测决定校正；实际累计至少180s，换针后重做',example={'reference_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq':100.})
+cap('calibration.clear',obj({}),obj({'calibrated':BOOL}),['controller'],'显式清除既有校正','configuration')
+cap('acquisition.start',obj({}),obj({'operation_id':TEXT,'accepted_points':dict(type='integer',minimum=1,maximum=14000,**{'x-unit':'1'})}),['source_meter','stage_x','sample_stage','probe_head','controller'],'自动抬针/XY移动/下针/等待/首点量程/双接线正反四相，逐点建立实际地图')
+cap('acquisition.stop',obj({}),obj({'phase':PHASE,'elapsed_s':number('s',0)}),['controller','source_meter','probe_head'],'切断激励、停止当前运动并保留完成点及已生热；不瞬移回零')
+cap('acquisition.result',obj({}),RESULT,['controller'],'公开地图/统计/量程试测/原始VI，所有角色统一去除所选参考身份','query')
+cap('analysis.sheet_resistance',ANALYSIS_INPUT,INFERENCE,['controller'],'仅外部VI/几何/校正反演Rs，rho必须有独立导电膜厚先验','analysis',example=ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE)
+cap('provenance.read',obj({}),obj({'reference_id':nullable(TEXT),'template_source':nullable(TEXT),'evidence':TEXT}),['controller'],'仅宿主读取当前参考曲线或输入标样来源','query','evaluator')
+LEDGER_UNITS=dict(mass_loaded_kg='kg',mass_present_kg='kg',mass_removed_kg='kg',mass_error_kg='kg',volume_loaded_m3='m^3',volume_present_m3='m^3',volume_removed_m3='m^3',volume_error_m3='m^3',source_input_j='J',sample_joule_j='J',contact_heat_export_j='J',electrical_error_j='J',ambient_heat_export_j='J',loaded_sensible_j='J',removed_sensible_j='J',thermal_stored_j='J',thermal_energy_error_j='J')
+cap('ledger.read',obj({}),obj({k:number(u) for k,u in LEDGER_UNITS.items()}),['controller'],'薄膜/基底质量体积、被动温度、样品焦耳热/接触热外流账','query','evaluator')
+cap('sim.step',obj({'dt_s':number('s',0,86400)}),obj({'time_s':number('s',0)}),['controller'],'唯一宿主时钟，有限自动运动、首点量程、180s校准、预热/采样/被动热','simulation','evaluator',{'dt_s':10.})
+UNSUPPORTED=['hardware.connect','robot.load','temperature.tcr_control','measurement.thick_bulk_wafer','analysis.joint_unknown_thickness_and_resistivity','measurement.astm_certification','noise.empirical','accuracy.certification']
+for k in UNSUPPORTED:cap(k,obj({}),obj({}),['controller'],'本配置未实现：'+k)
+for k,c in [('plant.configured','controller'),('wafer.configured','sample_wafer'),('probe.configured','probe_head'),('sample.present','sample_wafer'),('power.enabled','power_switch'),('source.warmup_ready','source_meter'),('calibration.valid','controller'),('stage.moving','sample_stage')]:slot(k,BOOL,'1','当前配置/运行状态',component=c)
+for k,u,z,c in [('stage.x_m','m','真实X台位置','stage_x'),('stage.y_m','m','真实Y台位置','sample_stage'),('stage.target_x_m','m','X台目标','stage_x'),('stage.target_y_m','m','Y台目标','sample_stage'),('probe.position_m','m','探针当前上提量；0接触','probe_head'),('probe.target_m','m','探针目标上提量；0接触','probe_head')]:slot(k,number(u,-.15,.15),u,z+'；运动只随step改变','setpoint' if 'target' in k else 'scene',component=c)
+slot('hood.angle_rad',number('rad',0,1.1),'rad','暗箱翻盖当前角，0闭合/1.1打开','scene',component='hood')
+slot('hood.target_angle_rad',number('rad',0,1.1),'rad','暗箱翻盖目标角','setpoint',component='hood')
+slot('power.angle_rad',number('rad',0,.28),'rad','电源开关姿态代理','scene',component='power_switch')
+slot('source.warmup_elapsed_s',number('s',0,3600),'s','2450当前连续上电预热，3600s封顶；不构成额定准确度认证',component='source_meter')
+slot('thermal.indicated_k',nullable(number('K')),'K','薄膜/基底及局部显式热容节点的量化温度，仅被动环境热交换','sensor',component='sample_wafer')
+slot('measurement.selected_current_a',number('A',0,1),'A','本图首点AutoRange选定后固定的电流幅度','derived',component='source_meter')
+slot('measured.current_a',nullable(number('A')),'A','2450实际电流经显式增益及厂家测量分辨率量化后的观测','sensor',component='source_meter')
+slot('measured.voltage_v',nullable(number('V')),'V','四针输入电压增益/偏置/一阶响应及2450测量分辨率量化观测','sensor',component='source_meter')
+slot('measurement.last_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq',nullable(number('ohm/sq')),'ohm/sq','最后实际完成点的几何修正Rs，未完成点不输出')
+slot('display.sheet_resistance_ohm_sq',nullable(number('ohm/sq')),'ohm/sq','通电时PC显示最后已测点Rs；断电返回不可用，历史测量值仍保留')
+slot('measurement.mean_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq',nullable(number('ohm/sq')),'ohm/sq','已完成地图点的算术平均Rs，非隐藏全图真值')
+slot('calibration.gain',nullable(number('1')),'1','由外部参考Rs与实际观测比值形成的校正，换针失效')
+slot('acquisition.phase',PHASE,'1','异步地图/校准运行状态')
+slot('acquisition.stage',TEXT,'1','真实自动序列阶段：运动、接触、量程、四相、抬针')
+slot('acquisition.points',{'type':'integer','minimum':0,'maximum':14000,'x-unit':'1'},'1','实际完成有效或失败测点行数')
+slot('acquisition.elapsed_s',number('s',0),'s','当前作业实际宿主历时')
+slot('clock.time_s',number('s',0),'s','唯一宿主时间')
+for k,u,z in [('truth.sample_k','K','薄膜/基底集中节点真温'),('truth.sample_mass_kg','kg','薄膜及基底总质量'),('truth.conducting_thickness_m','m','隐藏导电膜厚，不等于基底厚度')]:slot(k,nullable(number(u)),u,z,'process_truth','evaluator','sample_wafer')
+
+class SignatoneQuadpro2Runtime:
+    def __init__(self,instance_id='quadpro2_01'):
+        self.instance_id=instance_id;self.plant=self.wafer=self.probe=self.sample=self.record=None;self.sample_kind=None;self.map=None;self.accepted=[];self.excluded=[];self.method=copy.deepcopy(METHOD_EXAMPLE);self.power=False;self.power_started_ns=None;self.time_ns=0;self._clock_remainder_ns=0.;self.revision=0
+        self.axes={k:dict(position=v,target=v,start=v,start_ns=0,arrival_ns=0) for k,v in [('x',0.),('y',0.),('z',PROBE_RAISED_M),('hood',1.1)]};self.x=np.zeros(6) # theta,voltage detector,sourceJ,sampleJ,contactJ,ambientJ
+        self.calibration_gain=None;self.phase='idle';self.stage='idle';self.operation_kind=None;self.operation_id=None;self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.auto_trials=[];self.selected_current=0.;self.error=None;self._counter=0;self._start_ns=0;self._event_ns=None;self._job_points=[];self._job_excluded=[];self._site=0;self._measure_phase=0;self._partial=[];self._auto_candidates=[];self._auto_index=0;self._auto_positive=None;self._calibration_reference=None;self._last_sheet=None
+        self.records={};self._principals={};self._requests={};self._owners={};self._cancel_operations={};self._source=self._reference_id=None;self._evidence='no_sample';self._operation_source=None;self._operation_evidence='no_measurement';self.mass_loaded=self.mass_removed=self.volume_loaded=self.volume_removed=self.loaded_sensible=self.removed_sensible=0.
+    @property
+    def time_s(self):return self.time_ns/1e9
+    def register_principal(self,principal_id,visibility='agent'):
+        if not isinstance(principal_id,str) or not principal_id or principal_id in self._principals or visibility not in ('agent','debug','evaluator'):raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self._principals[principal_id]=visibility
+    def session(self,principal_id):
+        if principal_id not in self._principals:raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return SignatoneQuadpro2Session(self,principal_id)
+    def describe(self):return export_signatone_quadpro2_contract_metadata()
+    def _warmup(self):return min(WARMUP_S,(self.time_ns-self.power_started_ns)/1e9) if self.power and self.power_started_ns is not None else 0.
+    def _moving(self,key=None):return any(self.time_ns<self.axes[k]['arrival_ns'] for k in ([key] if key else ['x','y','z']))
+    def _raised(self):return self.axes['z']['position']>=PROBE_RAISED_M-1e-12 and not self._moving('z')
+    def _closed(self):return self.axes['hood']['position']<=1e-12 and self.axes['hood']['target']==0 and not self._moving('hood')
+    def _volume(self):return math.pi*(self.wafer['diameter_m']/2)**2*(self.wafer['substrate_thickness_m']+self.sample['conducting_thickness_m']) if self.sample else 0.
+    def _masses(self):
+        if not self.sample:return 0.,0.
+        A=math.pi*(self.wafer['diameter_m']/2)**2;return A*self.wafer['substrate_thickness_m']*self.sample['substrate_density_kg_m3'],A*self.sample['conducting_thickness_m']*self.sample['film_density_kg_m3']
+    def _mass(self):return sum(self._masses())
+    def _sample_capacity(self):
+        if not self.sample:return 0.
+        ms,mf=self._masses();return ms*self.sample['substrate_cp_j_kg_k']+mf*self.sample['film_cp_j_kg_k']
+    def _capacity(self):return (self.plant['local_thermal_capacity_j_k'] if self.plant else .1)+self._sample_capacity()
+    def _temperature(self):return self.plant['ambient_k']+float(self.x[0]) if self.plant else None
+    def _axis_speed(self,k):return self.plant['hood_speed_rad_s' if k=='hood' else 'z_speed_m_s' if k=='z' else 'xy_speed_m_s']
+    def _move(self,**targets):
+        for k,target in targets.items():
+            a=self.axes[k];a.update(target=target,start=a['position'],start_ns=self.time_ns,arrival_ns=self.time_ns+round(abs(target-a['position'])/self._axis_speed(k)*1e9))
+    def _stop_motion(self):
+        for k in ['x','y','z']:
+            a=self.axes[k];a.update(target=a['position'],start=a['position'],start_ns=self.time_ns,arrival_ns=self.time_ns)
+    def _set_stage(self,stage,wait_s=None):self.stage=stage;self._event_ns=self.time_ns+round(wait_s*1e9) if wait_s is not None else max(self.axes[k]['arrival_ns'] for k in ['x','y','z'])
+    def _point(self):return self._job_points[self._site] if self._job_points else dict(point_index=0,x_m=-self.axes['x']['position'],y_m=-self.axes['y']['position'])
+    def _electrically_active(self):return self.power and self.phase=='running' and self.stage in ('auto_positive','auto_negative','measure') and self.axes['z']['position']<=1e-12 and self._closed()
+    def _configuration(self):return 'a_14_23' if self.stage.startswith('auto') or self._measure_phase<2 else 'b_13_24'
+    def _requested_current(self):
+        if not self._electrically_active():return 0.
+        if self.stage.startswith('auto'):return self._auto_candidates[self._auto_index]*(1 if self.stage=='auto_positive' else -1)
+        return self.selected_current*(1 if self._measure_phase%2==0 else -1)
+    def _current_range(self,I=None):
+        value=abs(self._requested_current() if I is None else I);return next((v for v in CURRENT_RANGES if v>=value*(1-1e-12)),1.)
+    def _local_sheet(self,T):
+        if self.sample_kind=='standard':return self.sample['actual_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq'],T<363.15
+        raw=reference_rho(self.record,T,allow_invalid=True);p=self._point();R=self.wafer['diameter_m']/2;xx=p['x_m']/R;yy=p['y_m']/R;factor=1+self.sample['gradient_x_fraction']*xx+self.sample['gradient_y_fraction']*yy+self.sample['radial_fraction']*(xx*xx+yy*yy)
+        return raw[0]/self.sample['conducting_thickness_m']*factor,raw[1] and T<363.15
+    def _electrical(self,T=None):
+        if not self._electrically_active():return dict(current=0.,voltage=0.,source_voltage=0.,sample_power=0.,contact_power=0.,compliance=False,valid=True)
+        T=self._temperature() if T is None else T;Rs,valid=self._local_sheet(T);p=self._point();c=self._configuration();geo=(self.wafer['diameter_m'],self.probe['spacing_m'],p['x_m'],p['y_m']);K=disk_transfer_coefficient(*geo,c);drive=Rs*disk_drive_coefficient(*geo,c,self.plant['electrical_contact_radius_m']);contact=self.plant['current_contact_resistance_ohm'];total=drive+contact;requested=self._requested_current();I=math.copysign(min(abs(requested),self.method['voltage_compliance_v']/total,math.sqrt(20./total),.1 if self.method['voltage_compliance_v']>20 else 1.),requested)
+        return dict(current=I,voltage=I*Rs*K,source_voltage=I*total,sample_power=I*I*drive,contact_power=I*I*contact,compliance=abs(I-requested)>max(abs(requested)*1e-10,1e-18),valid=bool(valid))
+    def _observed(self,e=None):
+        if not self._electrically_active():return None,None
+        e=self._electrical() if e is None else e;v=float(self.x[1]);full=self.method['voltage_range_v'];qv=full*5e-7;qi=self._current_range()*1e-6;return float(round(e['current']*self.plant['current_gain']/qi)*qi),None if abs(v)>full else float(round(v/qv)*qv)
+    def _stats(self):
+        values=[x['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq'] for x in self.rows if x['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq'] is not None]
+        if not values:return dict(count=0,mean_ohm_sq=None,std_ohm_sq=None,minimum_ohm_sq=None,maximum_ohm_sq=None,relative_std_percent=None)
+        mean=float(np.mean(values));std=float(np.std(values));return dict(count=len(values),mean_ohm_sq=mean,std_ohm_sq=std,minimum_ohm_sq=min(values),maximum_ohm_sq=max(values),relative_std_percent=100*std/mean)
+    def read(self,role='evaluator'):
+        if role not in ('agent','debug','evaluator'):raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        current,voltage=self._observed();d={'plant.configured':self.plant is not None,'wafer.configured':self.wafer is not None,'probe.configured':self.probe is not None,'sample.present':self.sample is not None,'power.enabled':self.power,'source.warmup_ready':self._warmup()>=WARMUP_S,'calibration.valid':self.calibration_gain is not None,'stage.moving':self._moving(),'stage.x_m':self.axes['x']['position'],'stage.y_m':self.axes['y']['position'],'stage.target_x_m':self.axes['x']['target'],'stage.target_y_m':self.axes['y']['target'],'probe.position_m':self.axes['z']['position'],'probe.target_m':self.axes['z']['target'],'hood.angle_rad':self.axes['hood']['position'],'hood.target_angle_rad':self.axes['hood']['target'],'power.angle_rad':.28 if self.power else 0.,'source.warmup_elapsed_s':self._warmup(),'thermal.indicated_k':float(round(self._temperature()/self.plant['temperature_resolution_k'])*self.plant['temperature_resolution_k']) if self.plant else None,'measurement.selected_current_a':self.selected_current,'measured.current_a':current,'measured.voltage_v':voltage,'measurement.last_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq':self._last_sheet,'display.sheet_resistance_ohm_sq':self._last_sheet if self.power else None,'measurement.mean_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq':self._stats()['mean_ohm_sq'],'calibration.gain':self.calibration_gain,'acquisition.phase':self.phase,'acquisition.stage':self.stage,'acquisition.points':len(self.rows),'acquisition.elapsed_s':self.elapsed,'clock.time_s':self.time_s,'truth.sample_k':self._temperature(),'truth.sample_mass_kg':self._mass() if self.sample else None,'truth.conducting_thickness_m':self.sample['conducting_thickness_m'] if self.sample else None}
+        return {k:v for k,v in d.items() if role!='agent' or SLOTS[k]['visibility']=='agent'}
+    def _propagate(self,ns):
+        if not ns or not self.plant:return
+        dt=ns/1e9;p=self.plant;C=self._capacity();G=p['thermal_conductance_w_k']
+        if self._electrically_active():
+            def rhs(_t,y):
+                e=self._electrical(p['ambient_k']+y[0]);loss=G*y[0];return [(e['sample_power']-loss)/C,(p['voltage_gain']*e['voltage']+p['voltage_offset_v']-y[1])/p['voltage_response_tau_s'],e['current']*e['source_voltage'],e['sample_power'],e['contact_power'],loss]
+            sol=solve_ivp(rhs,(0.,dt),self.x,method='Radau',rtol=1e-10,atol=[1e-11,1e-13,1e-13,1e-13,1e-13,1e-12])
+            if not sol.success:raise RuntimeError('ELECTROTHERMAL_INTEGRATION_FAILED')
+            self.x=sol.y[:,-1]
+        else:
+            initial=self.x[0];self.x[0]*=math.exp(-G*dt/C);self.x[5]+=C*(initial-self.x[0]);self.x[1]*=math.exp(-dt/p['voltage_response_tau_s'])
+    def _ledger(self):
+        source,sample,contact,ambient=self.x[2:];stored=self._capacity()*float(self.x[0]);return dict(mass_loaded_kg=self.mass_loaded,mass_present_kg=self._mass(),mass_removed_kg=self.mass_removed,mass_error_kg=self.mass_loaded-self._mass()-self.mass_removed,volume_loaded_m3=self.volume_loaded,volume_present_m3=self._volume(),volume_removed_m3=self.volume_removed,volume_error_m3=self.volume_loaded-self._volume()-self.volume_removed,source_input_j=float(source),sample_joule_j=float(sample),contact_heat_export_j=float(contact),electrical_error_j=float(source-sample-contact),ambient_heat_export_j=float(ambient),loaded_sensible_j=self.loaded_sensible,removed_sensible_j=self.removed_sensible,thermal_stored_j=stored,thermal_energy_error_j=float(sample-ambient+self.loaded_sensible-self.removed_sensible-stored))
+    def _result(self):
+        if self.phase!='running' and self.operation_id in self.records:return copy.deepcopy(self.records[self.operation_id])
+        return dict(operation_id=self.operation_id,operation_kind=self.operation_kind,phase=self.phase,elapsed_s=self.elapsed,rows=copy.deepcopy(self.rows),excluded_points=copy.deepcopy(self._job_excluded),auto_trials=copy.deepcopy(self.auto_trials),selected_current_a=self.selected_current,statistics=self._stats(),calibration_gain=self.calibration_gain,template_source=self._operation_source,evidence=self._operation_evidence,error_code=self.error)
+    def _finish(self,phase,error=None):
+        self.phase=phase;self.stage='idle';self.error=error;self._event_ns=None;self._stop_motion()
+        if self.operation_id:self.records[self.operation_id]=self._result()
+    def _capture(self):
+        e=self._electrical();I,V=self._observed(e);error='REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE' if not e['valid'] else 'SOURCE_COMPLIANCE' if e['compliance'] else 'VOLTAGE_OVERFLOW' if V is None else None
+        return I,V,error,e
+    def _failure_row(self,error):
+        p=self._point();self.rows.append(dict(point_index=p['point_index'],x_m=p['x_m'],y_m=p['y_m'],time_s=self.elapsed,host_time_s=self.time_s,observations=copy.deepcopy(self._partial),sheet_resistance_ohm_sq=None,resistivity_ohm_m=None,configuration_disagreement_fraction=None,quality='unavailable',error_code=error));self._finish('failed',error)
+    def _begin_measure(self):
+        self._measure_phase=0;self._partial=[];dwell=max(self.method['phase_duration_s'],CALIBRATION_S/4) if self.operation_kind=='calibration' else self.method['phase_duration_s'];self._set_stage('measure',dwell)
+    def _begin_point(self):
+        self._partial=[];self._move(z=PROBE_RAISED_M);self._set_stage('raise')
+    def _advance_event(self):
+        if self.stage=='raise':
+            p=self._point();self._move(x=-p['x_m'],y=-p['y_m']);self._set_stage('move')
+        elif self.stage=='move':self._move(z=0.);self._set_stage('lower')
+        elif self.stage=='lower':self._set_stage('settle',self.method['settling_s'])
+        elif self.stage=='settle':
+            if self._site==0 and self.method['auto_current']:
+                self._auto_index=0;self._set_stage('auto_positive',.6)
+            else:self._begin_measure()
+        elif self.stage=='auto_positive':
+            self._auto_positive=self._capture();self._set_stage('auto_negative',.6)
+        elif self.stage=='auto_negative':
+            Ip,Vp,ep,physical_p=self._auto_positive;In,Vn,en,physical_n=self._capture();signal=None if Vp is None or Vn is None else abs(Vp-Vn)/2;current=self._auto_candidates[self._auto_index];self.auto_trials.append(dict(requested_current_a=current,measured_current_positive_a=Ip,measured_current_negative_a=In,voltage_positive_v=Vp,voltage_negative_v=Vn,reversal_signal_v=signal,time_s=self.elapsed,source_compliance=physical_p['compliance'] or physical_n['compliance']))
+            if ep or en:
+                previous=self.auto_trials[-2] if len(self.auto_trials)>1 else None
+                if (ep or en)=='REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE' or previous is None or previous['reversal_signal_v'] is None or previous['reversal_signal_v']<=10*self.method['voltage_range_v']*5e-7:self._failure_row(ep or en);return
+                self.selected_current=previous['requested_current_a'];self._begin_measure()
+            elif signal<self.method['target_voltage_min_v'] and self._auto_index+1<len(self._auto_candidates):self._auto_index+=1;self._set_stage('auto_positive',.6)
+            else:
+                if signal is None or signal<=10*self.method['voltage_range_v']*5e-7:self._failure_row('AUTORANGE_UNRESOLVED');return
+                self.selected_current=self.auto_trials[-2]['requested_current_a'] if signal>self.method['target_voltage_max_v'] and len(self.auto_trials)>1 else current;self._begin_measure()
+        elif self.stage=='measure':
+            I,V,error,_e=self._capture()
+            if error:self._failure_row(error);return
+            self._partial.append(dict(configuration=self._configuration(),current_a=I,voltage_v=V,host_time_s=self.time_s));self._measure_phase+=1
+            if self._measure_phase<4:
+                self._set_stage('measure',max(self.method['phase_duration_s'],CALIBRATION_S/4) if self.operation_kind=='calibration' else self.method['phase_duration_s']);return
+            p=self._point();prior=None if self.operation_kind=='calibration' else self.map['thickness_prior_m'];args=dict(diameter_m=self.wafer['diameter_m'],spacing_m=self.probe['spacing_m'],x_m=p['x_m'],y_m=p['y_m'],observations=[{k:x[k] for k in OBS_INPUT['properties']} for x in self._partial],calibration_gain=1. if self.operation_kind=='calibration' else self.calibration_gain or 1.,thickness_prior_m=prior)
+            try:inferred=infer_sheet_resistance(**args)
+            except ActionRejected as exc:self._failure_row(str(exc));return
+            self.rows.append(dict(point_index=p['point_index'],x_m=p['x_m'],y_m=p['y_m'],time_s=self.elapsed,host_time_s=self.time_s,observations=copy.deepcopy(self._partial),sheet_resistance_ohm_sq=inferred['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq'],resistivity_ohm_m=inferred['resistivity_ohm_m'],configuration_disagreement_fraction=inferred['configuration_disagreement_fraction'],quality='estimated',error_code=None));self._last_sheet=inferred['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq']
+            if self.operation_kind=='calibration':
+                gain=self._calibration_reference/inferred['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq']
+                if not .1<=gain<=10:self._finish('failed','CALIBRATION_RANGE');return
+                self.calibration_gain=gain
+            self._move(z=PROBE_RAISED_M);self._set_stage('raise_after')
+        elif self.stage=='raise_after':
+            self._site+=1
+            if self._site>=len(self._job_points):self._finish('succeeded')
+            else:self._begin_point()
+        else:raise RuntimeError('UNKNOWN_SEQUENCE_STAGE')
+    def _filter_points(self,a):
+        accepted=[];excluded=[];R=self.wafer['diameter_m']/2
+        for i,p in enumerate(a['points']):
+            reason=None
+            if math.hypot(p['x_m'],p['y_m'])>R-a['edge_exclusion_m']+1e-12:reason='EDGE_EXCLUSION'
+            elif max(abs(p['x_m']),abs(p['y_m']))>.13:reason='STAGE_TRAVEL'
+            else:
+                try:disk_transfer_coefficient(self.wafer['diameter_m'],self.probe['spacing_m'],p['x_m'],p['y_m'],contact_radius_m=self.plant['electrical_contact_radius_m'])
+                except ActionRejected:reason='PROBE_FOOTPRINT_OUTSIDE_WAFER'
+            row=dict(point_index=i,**p)
+            if reason:excluded.append(dict(row,reason=reason))
+            else:accepted.append(row)
+        return accepted,excluded
+    def _load(self,a,standard):
+        if not self.plant or not self.wafer or not self.probe or self.sample or not self._raised() or self._moving() or self.axes['hood']['position']<1.0 or self._moving('hood') or max(abs(self.axes['x']['position']),abs(self.axes['y']['position']))>1e-12 or not a['accept_thin_layer_and_thermal_assumptions']:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+        if a['conducting_thickness_m']/self.probe['spacing_m']>.05:raise ActionRejected('THIN_LAYER_DOMAIN')
+        if standard:
+            if not a['accept_host_standard_not_certified']:raise ActionRejected('ASSUMPTION_NOT_ACCEPTED')
+            record=None
+        else:
+            if not a['accept_synthetic_map_and_bulk_reference']:raise ActionRejected('ASSUMPTION_NOT_ACCEPTED')
+            record=library().get(a['reference_id'])
+            if record is None:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_REFERENCE')
+            if reference_rho(record,a['initial_temperature_k']) is None:raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+        old=self._capacity();self.sample=copy.deepcopy(a);self.sample_kind='standard' if standard else 'material';self.record=copy.deepcopy(record);new=self._capacity();delta=a['initial_temperature_k']-self.plant['ambient_k'];self.x[0]=(old*self.x[0]+(new-old)*delta)/new;self.loaded_sensible+=(new-old)*delta;self.mass_loaded+=self._mass();self.volume_loaded+=self._volume();self._reference_id=None if standard else a['reference_id'];self._source='host_input_thin_film_standard_no_certificate' if standard else json.dumps(record['source'],ensure_ascii=False,sort_keys=True);self._evidence='explicit_host_standard_and_thermal_assumptions' if standard else 'measured_literature_rho; assumed_bulk_to_thin_film_and_synthetic_spatial_map';return {'loaded':True}
+    def invoke(self,capability,**a):
+        if capability not in CAPS:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        validate(CAPS[capability]['input_schema'],a)
+        if capability in UNSUPPORTED:raise ActionRejected('UNSUPPORTED')
+        if capability=='analysis.sheet_resistance':return infer_sheet_resistance(**a)
+        if capability=='acquisition.result':return self._result()
+        if capability=='provenance.read':return dict(reference_id=self._reference_id,template_source=self._source,evidence=self._evidence)
+        if capability=='ledger.read':return self._ledger()
+        if capability=='sim.step':self.step(a['dt_s']);return {'time_s':self.time_s}
+        if self.phase=='running' and capability not in ('acquisition.stop','power.set'):raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+        if capability=='plant.configure':
+            if self.plant or not a['accept_engineering']:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.plant=copy.deepcopy(a);out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='wafer.configure':
+            if self.sample:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.wafer=copy.deepcopy(a);self.map=None;self.accepted=[];self.excluded=[];out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='probe.configure':
+            if not self.plant or not self._raised() or self._moving() or self.axes['hood']['position']<1.0 or self._moving('hood'):raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            if self.sample and self.sample['conducting_thickness_m']/a['spacing_m']>.05:raise ActionRejected('THIN_LAYER_DOMAIN')
+            self.probe=copy.deepcopy(a);self.calibration_gain=None;self.map=None;self.accepted=[];self.excluded=[];out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability in ('sample.load','standard.load'):out=self._load(a,capability=='standard.load')
+        elif capability=='sample.remove':
+            if not self.sample or not self._raised() or self._moving() or self.axes['hood']['position']<1.0 or self._moving('hood') or max(abs(self.axes['x']['position']),abs(self.axes['y']['position']))>1e-12:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            self.mass_removed+=self._mass();self.volume_removed+=self._volume();self.removed_sensible+=self._sample_capacity()*float(self.x[0]);self.sample=self.record=self.sample_kind=None;self._source=self._reference_id=None;self._evidence='no_sample';out={'loaded':False}
+        elif capability=='power.set':
+            if not a['enabled']:
+                if self.phase=='running':self._finish('cancelled','POWER_OFF')
+                else:self._stop_motion()
+            if self.power!=a['enabled']:self.power_started_ns=self.time_ns if a['enabled'] else None
+            self.power=a['enabled'];out={'enabled':self.power}
+        elif capability=='enclosure.set_open':
+            if not self.plant or self._moving() or not self._raised():raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            target=1.1 if a['opened'] else 0.;self._move(hood=target);out={'target_rad':target}
+        elif capability=='stage.move':
+            if not self.power or not self.plant or not self._raised() or self._moving('hood') or max(abs(a['x_m']),abs(a['y_m']))>.13:raise ActionRejected('STAGE_TRAVEL_OR_CLEARANCE')
+            self._move(x=a['x_m'],y=a['y_m']);out={'target_x_m':a['x_m'],'target_y_m':a['y_m']}
+        elif capability=='probe.set_contact':
+            if not self.power or not self.plant or self._moving('x') or self._moving('y') or self._moving('hood') or a['contact'] and (not self.sample or not self.probe or not self._closed()):raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            if a['contact']:disk_transfer_coefficient(self.wafer['diameter_m'],self.probe['spacing_m'],-self.axes['x']['position'],-self.axes['y']['position'],contact_radius_m=self.plant['electrical_contact_radius_m'])
+            target=0. if a['contact'] else PROBE_RAISED_M;self._move(z=target);out={'target_m':target}
+        elif capability=='map.configure':
+            if not self.wafer or not self.probe or not self.plant:raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            if a['edge_exclusion_m']>=self.wafer['diameter_m']/2:raise ActionRejected('EDGE_EXCLUSION_RANGE')
+            if a['edge_exclusion_m']+1e-12<max(0.,self.wafer['diameter_m']/2-.13):raise ActionRejected('STAGE_TRAVEL_ENVELOPE')
+            accepted,excluded=self._filter_points(a);self.map=copy.deepcopy(a);self.accepted=accepted;self.excluded=excluded;out={'configured':True,'accepted_points':len(accepted),'excluded_points':len(excluded)}
+        elif capability=='method.configure':
+            if a['voltage_compliance_v']>20 and a['current_max_a']>.1:raise ActionRejected('SOURCE_RANGE_ENVELOPE')
+            if a['current_min_a']>a['current_max_a'] or a['fixed_current_a']>a['current_max_a'] or a['target_voltage_min_v']>=a['target_voltage_max_v'] or a['target_voltage_max_v']>a['voltage_range_v']:raise ActionRejected('METHOD_RANGE')
+            if any(abs(a[k]*1e9-round(a[k]*1e9))>1e-4 for k in ['phase_duration_s','settling_s']):raise ActionRejected('TIME_GRID')
+            self.method=copy.deepcopy(a);out={'configured':True}
+        elif capability=='calibration.clear':self.calibration_gain=None;out={'calibrated':False}
+        elif capability in ('acquisition.start','calibration.start'):
+            if not self.power or not self.plant or not self.wafer or not self.probe or not self.sample or not self._closed() or self._moving():raise ActionRejected('PRECONDITION_FAILED')
+            if self.method['require_warmup'] and self._warmup()<WARMUP_S:raise ActionRejected('WARMUP_REQUIRED')
+            if self.sample_kind=='material' and reference_rho(self.record,self._temperature()) is None:raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            if self._temperature()>=363.15:raise ActionRejected('PROBE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            if not self.plant['rear_triax_connected'] and (self.method['current_min_a']<1e-6 if self.method['auto_current'] else self._current_range(self.method['fixed_current_a'])<1e-6):raise ActionRejected('REAR_TRIAX_REQUIRED')
+            iscal=capability=='calibration.start'
+            if iscal and self.sample_kind!='standard':raise ActionRejected('STANDARD_REQUIRED')
+            if not iscal and (not self.map or not self.accepted):raise ActionRejected('MAP_REQUIRED')
+            if not iscal and self.method['require_calibration'] and self.calibration_gain is None:raise ActionRejected('CALIBRATION_REQUIRED')
+            if not self.method['auto_current'] and self.method['fixed_current_a']<=0:raise ActionRejected('ZERO_EXCITATION')
+            points=[dict(point_index=0,x_m=0.,y_m=0.)] if iscal else self.accepted
+            for p in points:disk_transfer_coefficient(self.wafer['diameter_m'],self.probe['spacing_m'],p['x_m'],p['y_m'],contact_radius_m=self.plant['electrical_contact_radius_m'])
+            self._counter+=1;self.operation_id=f'{self.instance_id}:acquisition:{self._counter}';self.operation_kind='calibration' if iscal else 'mapping';self._operation_source=self._source;self._operation_evidence=self._evidence;self.phase='running';self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.auto_trials=[];self.error=None;self._start_ns=self.time_ns;self._site=0;self._job_points=copy.deepcopy(points);self._job_excluded=[] if iscal else copy.deepcopy(self.excluded);self._calibration_reference=a['reference_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq'] if iscal else None;self._auto_candidates=[v for v in CURRENT_RANGES if self.method['current_min_a']<=v<=self.method['current_max_a']];q=self._current_range(self.method['fixed_current_a'])*5e-5;self.selected_current=0. if self.method['auto_current'] else float(round(self.method['fixed_current_a']/q)*q);self._begin_point();out={'operation_id':self.operation_id,'minimum_duration_s':CALIBRATION_S} if iscal else {'operation_id':self.operation_id,'accepted_points':len(points)}
+        elif capability=='acquisition.stop':
+            if self.phase!='running':raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+            self._finish('cancelled','USER_CANCEL');out={'phase':self.phase,'elapsed_s':self.elapsed}
+        else:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        self.revision+=1;return copy.deepcopy(out)
+    def step(self,dt_s):
+        validate(number('s',0,86400),dt_s);total=math.fsum((self._clock_remainder_ns,dt_s*1e9));ns=round(total);self._clock_remainder_ns=total-ns
+        if not ns:return
+        end=self.time_ns+ns
+        while self.time_ns<end:
+            boundary=end
+            for k in self.axes:
+                if self._moving(k):boundary=min(boundary,self.axes[k]['arrival_ns'])
+            if self.phase=='running':boundary=min(boundary,self._event_ns)
+            self._propagate(boundary-self.time_ns);self.time_ns=boundary
+            if self.plant:
+                for k,a in self.axes.items():a['position']=a['target'] if self.time_ns>=a['arrival_ns'] else a['start']+math.copysign(self._axis_speed(k)*(self.time_ns-a['start_ns'])/1e9,a['target']-a['start'])
+            if self.phase=='running':
+                self.elapsed=(self.time_ns-self._start_ns)/1e9
+                if self.time_ns==self._event_ns:self._advance_event()
+        self.revision+=1
+
+class SignatoneQuadpro2Session:
+    def __init__(self, host, principal_id): self._host = host; self._principal = principal_id
+    @property
+    def _role(self): return self._host._principals[self._principal]
+    def _target(self, instance_id):
+        if instance_id != self._host.instance_id: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+    def describe(self, *, instance_id=None, asset_type_id=None):
+        if (instance_id is None) == (asset_type_id is None): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if instance_id is not None: self._target(instance_id)
+        if asset_type_id is not None and asset_type_id != ASSET_TYPE_ID: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+        meta = export_signatone_quadpro2_contract_metadata()
+        return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID, asset_version='1.0.0', capabilities={k:v for k,v in meta['capabilities'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'}, state_slots={k:v for k,v in meta['state_slots'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'})
+    def read(self, *, instance_id, state_ids=None):
+        self._target(instance_id); h=self._host; values=h.read(self._role); ids=list(values) if state_ids is None else state_ids
+        if not isinstance(ids,list) or any(not isinstance(k,str) for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if any(k not in values for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return dict(instance_id=instance_id, status='succeeded', state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s}, observations={k:dict(value=copy.deepcopy(values[k]),unit=SLOTS[k]['unit'],quality='unavailable' if values[k] is None else 'estimated' if SLOTS[k]['origin'] in ('sensor','derived') else 'valid',sample_time_s=h.time_s,sample_window_s=None) for k in ids})
+    def _filter_result(self, result):
+        result = copy.deepcopy(result)
+        # A bridge may dispatch agent-visible capabilities through a privileged
+        # session. Public acquisition payloads therefore use the SAME redaction
+        # for every role. Full provenance has its own evaluator-only capability.
+        if 'rows' in result and 'template_source' in result:
+            result['template_source'] = str(LIBRARY_PATH.relative_to(ROOT)) + '; selected record provenance available only through evaluator provenance.read' if result['template_source'] is not None else None
+            result['evidence'] = 'observed_four_probe_VI_with_finite_disk_thin_layer_and_explicit_synthetic_map_assumptions; selected template details require evaluator provenance.read' if result['operation_id'] is not None else 'no_measurement'
+        return result
+    def invoke(self, *, instance_id, capability_id, arguments, request_id):
+        h=self._host
+        try:
+            self._target(instance_id)
+            if not isinstance(capability_id,str) or capability_id not in CAPS: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+            if self._role=='agent' and CAPS[capability_id]['visibility']!='agent': raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'],arguments); key=(self._principal,request_id); digest=json.dumps([capability_id,arguments],sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+            if key in h._requests:
+                old,response=h._requests[key]
+                if old!=digest: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+                return copy.deepcopy(response)
+            if capability_id in ('acquisition.stop','acquisition.result') and self._role=='agent' and h.operation_id and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if capability_id=='power.set' and not arguments['enabled'] and h.phase=='running' and self._role=='agent' and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            result=self._filter_result(h.invoke(capability_id,**arguments)); operation=result.get('operation_id') if capability_id in ('acquisition.start','calibration.start') else None
+            if operation: h._owners[operation]=self._principal
+            response=dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=operation,status='accepted' if operation else 'succeeded',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result=result,observations={},error=None)
+            h._requests[key]=(digest,copy.deepcopy(response)); return response
+        except ActionRejected as exc:
+            return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=None,status='unsupported' if str(exc)=='UNSUPPORTED' else 'rejected',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result={},observations={},error=dict(code=str(exc),message=str(exc),retryable=False,side_effects='none'))
+    def write(self, *, instance_id, state_id, value, request_id):
+        self._target(instance_id); entry=SLOTS.get(state_id)
+        if not entry or not entry['write']: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        capability,argument=entry['write']; return self.invoke(instance_id=instance_id,capability_id=capability,arguments={argument:value},request_id=request_id)
+    def poll(self, operation_id):
+        h=self._host
+        if h._owners.get(operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        result=h._result() if operation_id==h.operation_id and h.phase=='running' else h.records.get(operation_id)
+        if result is None: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_OPERATION')
+        return dict(operation_id=operation_id,status=result['phase'],result=self._filter_result(result))
+    def cancel(self, operation_id, request_id):
+        self.poll(operation_id); h=self._host
+        if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        key=(self._principal,request_id)
+        if key in h._cancel_operations:
+            if h._cancel_operations[key]!=operation_id: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+            return copy.deepcopy(h._requests[key][1])
+        if key in h._requests: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        if operation_id!=h.operation_id or h.phase!='running': raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+        result=self.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.stop',arguments={},request_id=request_id)
+        if result['status']=='succeeded': h._cancel_operations[key]=operation_id
+        return result
+
+EFFECTS={
+ 'plant.configure':['plant.configured','thermal.indicated_k','truth.sample_k'],
+ 'wafer.configure':['wafer.configured'],
+ 'probe.configure':['probe.configured','calibration.valid','calibration.gain'],
+ 'sample.load':['sample.present','thermal.indicated_k','truth.sample_k','truth.sample_mass_kg','truth.conducting_thickness_m'],
+ 'standard.load':['sample.present','thermal.indicated_k','truth.sample_k','truth.sample_mass_kg','truth.conducting_thickness_m'],
+ 'sample.remove':['sample.present','truth.sample_mass_kg','truth.conducting_thickness_m'],
+ 'power.set':['display.sheet_resistance_ohm_sq','power.enabled','power.angle_rad','source.warmup_ready','source.warmup_elapsed_s','stage.moving','stage.target_x_m','stage.target_y_m','probe.target_m','acquisition.phase','acquisition.stage','measured.current_a','measured.voltage_v'],
+ 'stage.move':['stage.target_x_m','stage.target_y_m','stage.moving'],
+ 'probe.set_contact':['probe.target_m','stage.moving'],
+ 'enclosure.set_open':['hood.target_angle_rad'],
+ 'calibration.clear':['calibration.valid','calibration.gain'],
+ 'acquisition.start':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.stage','acquisition.elapsed_s','acquisition.points','measurement.mean_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq','measurement.selected_current_a','probe.target_m','stage.moving','measured.current_a','measured.voltage_v'],
+ 'calibration.start':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.stage','acquisition.elapsed_s','acquisition.points','measurement.mean_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq','measurement.selected_current_a','probe.target_m','stage.moving','measured.current_a','measured.voltage_v'],
+ 'acquisition.stop':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.stage','stage.moving','stage.target_x_m','stage.target_y_m','probe.target_m','measured.current_a','measured.voltage_v'],
+ 'sim.step':list(SLOTS)}
+for k,v in EFFECTS.items():CAPS[k]['effects']=v
+ERRORS=sorted(set(__import__('re').findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_0-9]+)'",Path(__file__).read_text()))|{'POWER_OFF','USER_CANCEL','SOURCE_COMPLIANCE','VOLTAGE_OVERFLOW','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE','CALIBRATION_RANGE','AUTORANGE_UNRESOLVED'})
+
+def export_signatone_quadpro2_contract_metadata():
+    slots={};caps={}
+    for k,v in SLOTS.items():slots[k]=dict(meaning_zh=v['meaning'],component_ids=[v['component']],value_schema=copy.deepcopy(v['schema']),unit=v['unit'],reference_conditions='SI; QuadPro2-DAC0/Keithley2450/SP4; thin conducting film on insulating circular substrate, passive thermal boundary.',origin=v['origin'],visibility=v['visibility'],access='read_only',read_binding=dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',accessor=f'SignatoneQuadpro2Session.read(state_ids=[{k!r}])'),write_via=None,sampling=dict(mode='instant',time_domain='simulation',window_description='Motion/electrothermal/warmup/sample clocks advance only with host step. Measurements record endpoint after explicit settled positive/negative current dwell.'),source_ids=['simulation_assumption'])
+    limits=[
+      '固定QuadPro2-DAC0：D为Keithley2450，A自动型，C300mm晶片，0无TCR；不是用其它源表参数替代，基础配置没有主动温控。SP4几何默认50085TRQ(1.27mm、85gf/针、WC、40.64µm tip radius、Q适配)。',
+      'wafer直径10至300mm。默认100mm直径、0.5mm绝缘基底上1µm导电膜；导电厚度/密度/Cp/空间分布是宿主假设。geometry.configure式变形未实现，wafer.configure/probe.configure改变过程几何不自动重建静态3D示例。',
+      '导电层厚度必须不超过针距5%，采用二维薄片模型；0.5mm基底厚度不能被当成导电厚度。厚块晶片、体硅有限厚度、有限接触电流场、各向异性张量未实现。',
+      '电气接触半径是独立宿主工程输入，不等于厂家针尖球面曲率半径。点源Green用于电压探针；驱动电阻在实际电流接触处按声明接触半径截断对数奇点，附加接触阻抗导热至外界。',
+      '有限圆片绝缘边界采用Neumann Green同号镜像：g(z,a)=ln(|z-a|/R)+ln|1-z*conj(a)/R²|；源汇差的法向导数在圆周为零。中心大圆极限Rs=(π/ln2)V/I；用Smits1958表及独立边界/互易性检查，不宣称复刻ASTM或厂商内部算法。',
+      '每点两接线A=I14/V23、B=I13/V24，各正负电流共4次端点观测。这里明确实现这两种接线与圆片校正，不假称已验证OEM Dual Configuration具体私有处理。',
+      '库提供64种真实实验数字化rho(T)，独立插值且限制原论文有效温域；无真实二维map、薄膜厚度或薄膜尺寸效应数据。rho由bulk方向参考转换为薄膜是明确假设。',
+      '空间梯度/径向项仅局部均匀近似：以测点附近Rs标量缩放均匀圆盘Green，不是解非均匀电导全域PDE，输出地图标synthetic spatial assumption。',
+      '反演仅使用观察到的±I/±V及几何/外部校正，先得到每配置Rs再平均；提供额外厚度先验才计算rho=Rs*t_prior。不同时从同一VI反演未知rho和未知厚度。',
+      'AutoRange只在每幅图的第一个接受测点按实际正反试测逐档寻找电流；全部后续site固定同一选定电流，不每点重新量程。自定义地图最多14000点，不采用另一页5至1400摘要限制；冲突在source_evidence。',
+      '4相每相至少0.3s，总电测驻留至少1.2s/点，外加真实抬针、XY、下针和settling；首点每个AutoRange档还要实际1.2s。不能用host大dt把这些时长省略。',
+      'SP4换针使校准失效。calibration.start用宿主装入的薄膜标样和单独输入参考Rs，实际四相每相至少45s、合计180s，再加移动/量程；增益仅由外部参考/观测比值得出。不把厂家VLSI508µm硅标准硬套本薄膜模型，也不冒充实际NIST证书。',
+      'Keithley2450源电流档10nA至1A，每档源分辨率FS*5e-5、观测电流分辨率FS*1e-6；电压观测档20mV至200V，分辨率FS*5e-7。工程增益/偏置/τ不代表厂家精度或噪声分布。10/100nA档明确要求rear triax配置。',
+      '源量程与电压观测档分离；源compliance≤20V档可至1A，>20V至200V档最多100mA，并同时≤20W；compliance至少源电压档10%；达到compliance/功率限制时实际I下降，电能依实际端压/电流累计并标观测失败，不能组合1A和200V。未利用105%过量程能力。',
+      'Signatone D系统原表10µΩ至100MΩ只写Ω，未明确Ω/sq；本模型不把它偷换成面电阻硬范围。输入标样1e-12至1e15Ω/sq仅工程数值域，反演要求正有限，实际读数可解析性由2450电流/电压档、分辨率和compliance限制。',
+      '2450到额定精度需真实3600s连续上电，warmup状态真实累计。默认require_warmup=False为工程估算，设True会在3600s前拒绝测量/校准；任何模式均不承诺OEM额定精度或系统<1%。',
+      '本几何工程XY行程±130mm；300mm片的圆形采区须至少20mm边缘排除，属于当前结构代理的安全域而非厂家限制。所有四针接点还须在边界内；被排除点有原因，不伪装为实际测量。',
+      '机械stage实际位移=-测点坐标，固定世界探针落到wafer指定点；针抬起后才能XY，暗箱合上测量。取消/断电在当前姿态停止，不瞬移归零；仅已完成点输出，热量和质量留账。',
+      '膜与基底共被动集中热节点，局部附加热容由宿主输入（默认0.1J/K，非整机218kg或夹具质量热容）。源电能=样品焦耳热+接触热外流；载入/移出两种材料质量体积和当前显热明确守恒。',
+      '所有Session公开result/poll均隐藏所选参考身份，内部evaluator转发同样脱敏；privileged provenance.read单独访问。共享Python/磁盘不是OS隔离。',
+      '真实仪器、机器人装样、TCR温控、真实标样证书/漂移/OEM准确度、完整非均匀PDE和厚晶片计量、急停硬件电路not_run。']
+    for k,v in CAPS.items():
+        un=k in UNSUPPORTED;async_=k in ('acquisition.start','calibration.start');caps[k]={key:copy.deepcopy(v[key]) for key in ['input_schema','output_schema','component_ids','function_zh','kind','visibility','example_arguments']}
+        caps[k].update(availability='unsupported' if un else 'implemented',implementation={layer:'absent' if un or layer in ('scene','robot','hardware') else 'implemented' for layer in ['process','scene','robot','hardware','host']},binding=None if un else dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',entrypoint='asset_runtime.signatone_quadpro2.SignatoneQuadpro2Session.invoke',invocation=f'session.invoke(instance_id="quadpro2_01",capability_id={k!r},arguments={v["example_arguments"]!r},request_id="unique")'),preconditions=[] if un or v['kind'] in ('query','analysis') else [dict(description_zh='运行入口原子核对薄层/参考温域、选型、暗箱/针尖/移动安全域、量程、校准与可选预热。',state_ids=['power.enabled','sample.present','probe.position_m','hood.angle_rad','calibration.valid','source.warmup_ready','acquisition.phase'],enforced_by='runtime',check='SignatoneQuadpro2Runtime.invoke guards before commit')],state_effects=[dict(state_id=s,timing='immediate',description_zh='命令实际即时状态变化') for s in v['effects']],observes=[],model_effects=dict(mode='none',description_zh='仅输出独立可绑定状态；真实姿态/显示联动由场景报告取证。',binding_ids=[]),execution=dict(mode='asynchronous' if async_ else 'synchronous',time_domain='simulation',completion_criterion='真实>=180s校准4相及抬针完成' if k=='calibration.start' else '所有接受点依真实运动/等待/首点量程/四相测量后抬针完成' if async_ else '原子命令；物理推进仅由宿主step',completion_state_ids=['acquisition.phase'] if async_ else [],timeout_s=None,cancellation='supported' if async_ else 'unsupported',retry='same_request_id',resources=['host_clock','xy_stage','sp4_probe','keithley2450_source_meter'],partial_failure_zh='取消/断电截断激励并停当前XY/Z，保留已测点、完成的试量程及已积耗散/显热；不能回滚样品质量或已生热。'),errors=[dict(code=e,meaning_zh=e,side_effects='partial' if async_ and e in ('POWER_OFF','USER_CANCEL','SOURCE_COMPLIANCE','VOLTAGE_OVERFLOW','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE','AUTORANGE_UNRESOLVED') else 'none') for e in ERRORS],verification=[],limitations=limits,source_ids=['manufacturer_primary','simulation_assumption','template_library'])
+        if k in ('stage.move','probe.set_contact','enclosure.set_open','acquisition.start','calibration.start','power.set'):
+            caps[k]['state_effects'] += [dict(state_id=s,timing='on_step',description_zh='宿主推进有限运动、真实等待、热量、预热与逐点观测') for s in SLOTS if s not in v['effects'] and s not in ('plant.configured','wafer.configured','probe.configured','sample.present','power.enabled')]
+    mechanism=dict(component_ids=['controller','source_meter','stage_x','sample_stage','probe_head','sample_wafer','hood'],state_ids=list(slots),meaning_zh='有限圆片薄膜四探针Green几何、首点固定图量程、实际标样反演校准、双接线正反测绘与被动电热质量账',implementation='lumped',equations=[
+      'g(z,a)=ln(|z-a|/R)+ln|1-z*conj(a)/R²|; phi(z)=-(Rs*I/(2*pi))*(g(z,a_source)-g(z,a_sink)). For a source/sink pair the circular boundary has zero normal current. V=phi(c)-phi(d).',
+      'For center collinear equally-spaced probes and R/s→infinity, K=ln(2)/pi and Rs=(pi/ln2)*V/I. Finite disk K is evaluated per site/configuration, not an arbitrary edge multiplier.',
+      'Configurations A=(source1,sink4,V2-V3),B=(source1,sink3,V2-V4). Rtransfer=(Vpositive-Vnegative)/(Ipositive-Inegative); Rs_config=calibration_gain*Rtransfer/K_config; Rs is the mean of two configurations.',
+      'rho_output=Rs*thickness_prior only when an independent thickness prior is supplied; no thickness is inferred from a single four-probe resistance experiment.',
+      'Rs_forward(T,x,y)=rho_reference(T)/t_film * [1+gx*x/R+gy*y/R+gr*(x²+y²)/R²]. This is an explicitly local homogeneous approximation to a synthetic spatial profile, not a global nonuniform-conductivity PDE solve.',
+      'Rdrive regularizes the same Green source potentials at a declared finite current-contact radius. Iactual=sign(Irequested)*min(abs(Irequested),Vcompliance/(Rdrive+Rcontact),sqrt(20W/(Rdrive+Rcontact)),Isource_range_max), where range max is1A for compliance<=20V and0.1A for>20V through200V; measurement voltage range is independent.',
+      'Psource=Iactual²*(Rdrive+Rcontact); Psample=Iactual²*Rdrive; Pcontact_export=Iactual²*Rcontact. Ctotal*dT/dt=Psample-G*(T-Ta); Ctotal=Clocal+mfilm*Cpfilm+msubstrate*Cpsubstrate.',
+      'Detector dz/dt=(gain*V+offset-z)/tau, observed voltage/current follow declared2450 resolution steps; source resolutionFS*5e-5, measured IFS*1e-6 and measured VFS*5e-7.',
+      'Motion axes advance with explicit finite speed. Stage_xy=-sample_point_xy. Each point spends4*dwell>=1.2s measuring plus motion/settling; initial auto-range trials each use1.2s before locking current for entire map.',
+      'Calibration waits4*max(dwell,45s)>=180s and obtains gain=external_standard_Rs/observed_uncorrected_Rs. No hidden gain or reference material property is read by inverse.',
+      'Only host step advances axes, powerup3600s warmup clock, sequence events and electrothermal ODE. Fractional nanoseconds carry across normal60Hz floating timesteps. Samples carry independently ledgered sensible heat when loaded or removed.'],parameters={},source_ids=['simulation_assumption','template_library'],limitations=limits)
+    spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('_quadpro_local_annotations',ROOT/'scripts/asset_runtime/_annotations.py');ann=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(ann);ann.KEY_ZH.update({k:v['meaning'] for k,v in SLOTS.items()});ann.annotate_export(SLUG,caps,slots,{'four_probe_mapping':mechanism},inputs={'plant.configure':(PLANT,PLANT_EXAMPLE),'wafer.configure':(WAFER,WAFER_EXAMPLE),'probe.configure':(PROBE,PROBE_EXAMPLE),'sample.load':(SAMPLE,SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),'standard.load':(STANDARD,STANDARD_EXAMPLE),'method.configure':(METHOD,METHOD_EXAMPLE),'map.configure':(MAP,MAP_EXAMPLE)})
+    for key,value in SLOTS.items():slots[key]['meaning_zh']=value['meaning']
+    return dict(asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID,catalog_id=CATALOG_ID,capabilities=caps,state_slots=slots,mechanisms={'four_probe_mapping':mechanism})
diff --git a/scripts/asset_runtime/zwick_hit5p.py b/scripts/asset_runtime/zwick_hit5p.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1eaa8c89b3ca03567679afa40c9e5bfff5466d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/asset_runtime/zwick_hit5p.py
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+"""HIT5P / ISO179 .5J: real-time nonlinear pendulum and observed empty correction.
+Manual raising / host catching are external engineering actions, not OEM motors.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
+PROTOCOL_VERSION='1.0.0';SLUG='zwick_hit5p';ASSET_TYPE_ID='instrument.'+SLUG;CATALOG_ID='CHEM-145'
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2];ASSET=ROOT/'assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal'/SLUG;LIBRARY_PATH=ASSET/'impact_library.json'
+RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD=math.radians(135.72);ENCODER_RESOLUTION_RAD=math.radians(.018);NOMINAL_ENERGY_J=.5;STRIKE_RADIUS_M=.25;NOMINAL_SPEED_M_S=2.9
+GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM=NOMINAL_ENERGY_J/(1-math.cos(RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD));INERTIA_KG_M2=2*NOMINAL_ENERGY_J/(NOMINAL_SPEED_M_S/STRIKE_RADIUS_M)**2;SUPPORT_SPAN_M=.062
+class ActionRejected(ValueError):pass
+
+def number(unit='1',lo=None,hi=None):
+    s={'type':'number','x-unit':unit}
+    if lo is not None:s['minimum']=lo
+    if hi is not None:s['maximum']=hi
+    return s
+
+def obj(properties):return dict(type='object',properties=properties,required=list(properties),additionalProperties=False)
+def nullable(s):return {'anyOf':[s,{'type':'null'}]}
+def array(s,minimum=0,maximum=200001):return dict(type='array',items=s,minItems=minimum,maxItems=maximum)
+def enum(items):return {'type':'string','enum':items}
+BOOL={'type':'boolean'};TEXT={'type':'string'};PHASE=enum(['idle','running','succeeded','cancelled','failed'])
+
+def validate(s,v):
+    if 'anyOf' in s:
+        for o in s['anyOf']:
+            try:validate(o,v);return
+            except ActionRejected:pass
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    k=s.get('type')
+    if k in ('number','integer'):
+        if isinstance(v,bool) or not isinstance(v,(int,float)) or not math.isfinite(v) or k=='integer' and type(v) is not int or not s.get('minimum',-math.inf)<=v<=s.get('maximum',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='object':
+        if not isinstance(v,dict) or set(v)!=set(s['properties']):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for key,value in v.items():validate(s['properties'][key],value)
+    elif k=='array':
+        if not isinstance(v,list) or not s.get('minItems',0)<=len(v)<=s.get('maxItems',math.inf):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for x in v:validate(s['items'],x)
+    elif k=='boolean' and type(v) is not bool:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='string' and not isinstance(v,str):raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k=='null' and v is not None:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    if 'enum' in s and v not in s['enum']:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+
+def library():return {r['id']:r for r in json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())['templates']}
+def encoder(angle):return round(angle/ENCODER_RESOLUTION_RAD)*ENCODER_RESOLUTION_RAD
+PLANT_EXAMPLE=dict(ambient_k=296.15,friction_torque_nm=.001,host_raise_speed_rad_s=1.,shield_speed_rad_s=2.,bearing_heat_capacity_j_k=5.,bearing_conductance_w_k=.2,local_sample_heat_capacity_j_k=.01,sample_conductance_w_k=.03,sample_heat_fraction=.8,accept_engineering=True)
+PLANT=obj(dict(ambient_k=number('K',273.15,323.15),friction_torque_nm=number('N*m',0,.1),host_raise_speed_rad_s=number('rad/s',.01,2),shield_speed_rad_s=number('rad/s',.01,5),bearing_heat_capacity_j_k=number('J/K',.001,1e5),bearing_conductance_w_k=number('W/K',1e-9,1e4),local_sample_heat_capacity_j_k=number('J/K',1e-6,100),sample_conductance_w_k=number('W/K',1e-9,1e4),sample_heat_fraction=number('1',0,1),accept_engineering=BOOL))
+FIXTURE_EXAMPLE=dict(standard='ISO179_Charpy',pendulum_energy_j=.5,strike_radius_m=.25,support_span_m=.062,release_angle_rad=RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD,accept_effective_inertia=True)
+FIXTURE=obj(dict(standard=enum(['ISO179_Charpy']),pendulum_energy_j=dict(type='number',enum=[.5],**{'x-unit':'J'}),strike_radius_m=dict(type='number',enum=[.25],**{'x-unit':'m'}),support_span_m=dict(type='number',enum=[.062],**{'x-unit':'m'}),release_angle_rad=dict(type='number',enum=[RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD],**{'x-unit':'rad'}),accept_effective_inertia=BOOL))
+SAMPLE_EXAMPLE=dict(reference_id='basf_ultradur_b4520',notch='A',length_m=.08,width_m=.01,thickness_m=.004,notch_depth_m=.002,volume_m3=3.192e-6,mass_kg=.00415,specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k=1200.,initial_temperature_k=296.15,temperature_tolerance_k=2.,host_charpy_strength_j_m2=None,behavior='energy_threshold',no_break_restitution=.2,accept_reference_transfer_and_fracture_proxy=True)
+SAMPLE=obj(dict(reference_id=TEXT,notch=enum(['A','unnotched']),length_m=number('m',.063,.15),width_m=number('m',.001,.03),thickness_m=number('m',.0005,.02),notch_depth_m=number('m',0,.025),volume_m3=number('m^3',1e-10,.001),mass_kg=number('kg',1e-7,.2),specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k=number('J/(kg*K)',1,1e5),initial_temperature_k=number('K',200,400),temperature_tolerance_k=number('K',0,30),host_charpy_strength_j_m2=nullable(number('J/m^2',1,1e7)),behavior=enum(['energy_threshold','unbreakable_proxy']),no_break_restitution=number('1',0,1),accept_reference_transfer_and_fracture_proxy=BOOL))
+METHOD_EXAMPLE=dict(sample_interval_s=.002,timeout_s=10.,remaining_area_prior_m2=3.2e-5)
+METHOD=obj(dict(sample_interval_s=number('s',.001,.1),timeout_s=number('s',2,60),remaining_area_prior_m2=nullable(number('m^2',1e-12,.1))))
+ROW=obj(dict(point_index={'type':'integer','x-unit':'1'},time_s=number('s'),encoder_angle_rad=nullable(number('rad')),kind=enum(['sample','impact','apex']),broken=BOOL))
+VALIDITY=enum(['not_completed','valid','below_working_range','above_working_range','no_break','invalid_speed','temperature_invalid','negative_corrected_energy'])
+ANALYSIS=obj(dict(release_angle_rad=number('rad',0,math.pi),rebound_angle_rad=number('rad',-math.pi,math.pi),friction_torque_nm=number('N*m',0,1),remaining_area_prior_m2=nullable(number('m^2',1e-12,.1)),outcome=enum(['break','no_break'])))
+ANALYSIS_OUTPUT=obj(dict(raw_energy_j=number('J'),corrected_energy_j=number('J'),impact_strength_j_m2=nullable(number('J/m^2')),validity=VALIDITY,evidence=TEXT))
+RESULT=obj(dict(operation_id=nullable(TEXT),phase=PHASE,mode=TEXT,elapsed_s=number('s'),rows=array(ROW),release_angle_rad=nullable(number('rad')),rebound_angle_rad=nullable(number('rad')),raw_energy_j=nullable(number('J')),corrected_energy_j=nullable(number('J')),impact_strength_j_m2=nullable(number('J/m^2')),observed_impact_speed_m_s=nullable(number('m/s')),outcome=enum(['pending','empty','break','no_break']),validity=VALIDITY,terminal_reason=nullable(TEXT),template_source=nullable(TEXT),evidence=TEXT))
+LEDGER_KEYS=['loaded_mass_kg','removed_mass_kg','sample_mass_kg','mass_residual_kg','loaded_volume_m3','removed_volume_m3','sample_volume_m3','volume_residual_m3','host_work_j','pendulum_kinetic_j','pendulum_potential_j','friction_heat_j','bearing_thermal_j','bearing_heat_export_j','sample_absorbed_j','sample_heat_j','sample_damage_stored_j','sample_thermal_j','sample_heat_export_j','sensible_loaded_j','sensible_removed_j','internal_removed_j','energy_residual_j']
+LEDGER=obj({k:number('kg' if k.endswith('_kg') else 'm^3' if k.endswith('_m3') else 'J') for k in LEDGER_KEYS})
+CAPS={}
+def cap(k,s,o,e,c,meaning,visibility='agent',kind='device_command'):CAPS[k]=dict(input_schema=s,output_schema=o,example_arguments=e,component_ids=[c],function_zh=meaning,visibility=visibility,kind=kind,effects=[])
+for k,s,e,c in [('plant.configure',PLANT,PLANT_EXAMPLE,'pendulum'),('fixture.configure',FIXTURE,FIXTURE_EXAMPLE,'fixture_base'),('method.configure',METHOD,METHOD_EXAMPLE,'controller')]:cap(k,s,obj(dict(configured=BOOL)),e,c,'配置工程过程、固定ISO179 .5J/62mm夹具或真实观测采样方法','agent' if k=='method.configure' else 'evaluator','configuration')
+cap('sample.load',SAMPLE,obj(dict(present=BOOL)),SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,'sample_left','载入Charpy真实参考及显式温度/几何/破坏代理','evaluator')
+cap('sample.remove',obj({}),obj(dict(removed_mass_kg=number('kg'),removed_volume_m3=number('m^3'))),{},'sample_left','取出整条或全部收集碎片，带走质量/显热/损伤能','evaluator')
+cap('power.set',obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)),obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)),dict(enabled=True),'power_switch','启停电子显示/记录；掉电不删除自由摆机械能')
+cap('shield.set_open',obj(dict(opened=BOOL)),obj(dict(target_angle_rad=number('rad'))),dict(opened=True),'shield','宿主有限速开合已选可选Charpy局部防碎片罩','evaluator')
+cap('pendulum.raise',obj({}),obj(dict(target_angle_rad=number('rad'))),{},'pendulum','外部手动抬摆有限速代理；非HIT5P电机或自动回摆','evaluator')
+cap('pendulum.catch',obj({}),obj(dict(requested=BOOL)),{},'pendulum','请求宿主在下一实际转折点接住，非仪器自带刹车','evaluator')
+cap('calibration.start',obj({}),obj(dict(operation_id=TEXT)),{},'latch','真实空摆至首个回升峰值，以量化角度估计有效摩擦')
+cap('calibration.clear',obj({}),obj(dict(valid=BOOL)),{},'controller','清除摩擦校正，不改变机械物理')
+cap('acquisition.start',obj({}),obj(dict(operation_id=TEXT)),{},'latch','机械释放后的有限时间Charpy冲击和真实角度记录')
+cap('acquisition.stop',obj({}),obj(dict(phase=PHASE,elapsed_s=number('s'))),{},'controller','只停记录，自由摆/撞击/摩擦仍随step继续，不回滚损伤')
+cap('acquisition.result',obj({}),RESULT,{},'controller','公开角色统一去选中材料身份的能量与破坏状态','agent','query')
+cap('analysis.impact',ANALYSIS,ANALYSIS_OUTPUT,dict(release_angle_rad=RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD,rebound_angle_rad=-1.8,friction_torque_nm=.001,remaining_area_prior_m2=3.2e-5,outcome='break'),'controller','从外部量化角度/独立面积先验反演J与J/m²，非Izod J/m','agent','analysis')
+cap('ledger.read',obj({}),LEDGER,{},'controller','受限机械/热/损伤/质量体积账','evaluator','query')
+cap('provenance.read',obj({}),obj(dict(current_sample=nullable(TEXT),operation_source=nullable(TEXT))),{},'controller','受限当前和已启动操作来源快照','evaluator','query')
+cap('sim.step',obj(dict(dt_s=number('s',0,86400))),obj(dict(time_s=number('s'))),dict(dt_s=.02),'controller','唯一宿主时间推进','evaluator','simulation')
+UNSUPPORTED={'hardware.connect':'无真实仪器通信','robot.load':'无机器人装样或机械抓取验证','measurement.izod':'选ISO179 Charpy，未配Izod','measurement.tensile_impact':'未配拉伸冲击夹具/摆锤','measurement.instrumented_force':'无仪器化锤/高速力电子学','pendulum.oem_motor_return':'本HIT5P配置无已证自动回摆','brake.oem_disc':'本HIT5P无已配盘式制动','thermal.set_temperature':'未选冷却/加热附件','accuracy.certification':'没有标准认证或实测噪声数据'}
+for k,v in UNSUPPORTED.items():cap(k,obj({}),obj({}),{},'controller',v)
+SLOTS={}
+def slot(k,s,u,o,c,meaning,vis='agent'):SLOTS[k]=dict(schema=s,unit=u,origin=o,component=c,meaning=meaning,visibility=vis,write=None)
+slot('clock.time_s',number('s'),'s','derived','controller','唯一宿主时钟，read不推进')
+for k in ['plant.configured','fixture.configured','method.configured','sample.present','sample.broken','sample.spent','power.enabled','pendulum.held','latch.engaged','catch.requested','calibration.valid']:slot(k,BOOL,'1','derived','controller','配置/样品/机械边界状态；不是硬件安全认证')
+slot('pendulum.angle_rad',number('rad'),'rad','scene','pendulum','精确场景角：0竖下，+135.72°释放侧；世界轴−Y，受限不可绕过encoder','evaluator')
+slot('pendulum.target_angle_rad',number('rad'),'rad','setpoint','pendulum','外部手动抬摆目标，不代表已到达')
+slot('encoder.angle_rad',nullable(number('rad')),'rad','sensor','controller','0.018°量化角度，分辨率不代表准确度或随机噪声')
+for k in ['shield.angle_rad','shield.target_angle_rad']:slot(k,number('rad'),'rad','scene' if '.angle' in k else 'setpoint','shield','局部可选防碎片罩角度，0闭合/1.1打开')
+slot('latch.position_m',number('m'),'m','scene','latch','释放锁扣显示代理，0在正释放角锁入/.004退出，非实测锁扣运动')
+slot('power.angle_rad',number('rad'),'rad','scene','power_switch','电子电源显示姿态0/.28')
+slot('fragments.offset_m',number('m'),'m','scene','sample_right','破断后两半视觉分離示意.006m，不是碎片弹道或新增能量','evaluator')
+slot('calibration.friction_torque_nm',nullable(number('N*m')),'N*m','derived','controller','由实际空摆量化α/β求等效Coulomb摩擦，非隐藏plant参数')
+slot('measurement.energy_j',nullable(number('J')),'J','sensor','controller','最后外部角度反演校正吸能，量程有效性另读validity；掉电不亮')
+slot('measurement.validity',VALIDITY,'1','derived','controller','当前测量有效性，.5J所选工作范围.05.. .4J')
+slot('acquisition.phase',PHASE,'1','derived','controller','异步记录状态，完成/取消不等于机械停摆')
+slot('acquisition.elapsed_s',number('s'),'s','derived','controller','记录实际时间')
+slot('acquisition.points',{'type':'integer','x-unit':'1'},'1','derived','controller','采样及明确impact/apex事件行数')
+for k,u in [('truth.angular_velocity_rad_s','rad/s'),('truth.sample_absorbed_j','J'),('truth.sample_temperature_k','K'),('truth.bearing_temperature_k','K'),('truth.sample_mass_kg','kg')]:slot(k,number(u),u,'process_truth','pendulum','受限非线性摆锤/热库存真值','evaluator')
+
+def analyze_impact(release_angle_rad,rebound_angle_rad,friction_torque_nm,remaining_area_prior_m2,outcome):
+    alpha=abs(release_angle_rad);beta=abs(rebound_angle_rad);raw=GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM*(math.cos(beta)-math.cos(alpha));corrected=raw-friction_torque_nm*(alpha+beta)
+    validity='negative_corrected_energy' if corrected<0 else 'below_working_range' if corrected<.05 else 'above_working_range' if corrected>.4 else 'no_break' if outcome=='no_break' else 'valid'
+    return dict(raw_energy_j=raw,corrected_energy_j=corrected,impact_strength_j_m2=corrected/remaining_area_prior_m2 if remaining_area_prior_m2 is not None and validity=='valid' else None,validity=validity,evidence='external_quantized_angles_and_empty_swing_correction; independent_remaining_area_prior; ISO179_J_per_m2_not_Izod_J_per_m; not_certified_standard_compliance')
+
+class ZwickHit5pRuntime:
+    def __init__(self,instance_id='hit_01'):
+        self.instance_id=instance_id;self.time_ns=0;self._clock_remainder_ns=0.;self.revision=0;self.power=False;self.plant=None;self.fixture=None;self.method=None;self.sample=None;self.reference=None;self.source=None
+        self.theta=0.;self.omega=0.;self.mechanical='held';self.raise_target=0.;self._raise_start_ns=0;self._raise_end_ns=0;self._raise_angle0=0.;self._raise_started=False;self._raise_rate=0.;self.shield=1.1;self.shield_target=1.1;self.shield_start=1.1;self.shield_start_ns=0;self.shield_end_ns=0;self.catch_requested=False;self._segment=None;self._pending_impact=False;self._first_apex=False
+        self.broken=False;self.spent=False;self.absorbed=0.;self.damage=0.;self.bearing_U=0.;self.sample_U=0.;self.calibration=None;self.phase='idle';self.operation_id=None;self.mode='none';self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self._counter=0;self.terminal_reason=None;self._operation_source=None;self._release_observed=None;self._rebound_observed=None;self._observed_speed=None;self._outcome='pending';self._validity='not_completed';self._analysis=None;self.last_energy=None;self.records={};self._principals={};self._requests={};self._owners={};self._cancel_operations={}
+        self.book={k:0. for k in ['loaded_mass_kg','removed_mass_kg','loaded_volume_m3','removed_volume_m3','host_work_j','friction_heat_j','bearing_heat_export_j','sample_absorbed_j','sample_heat_j','sample_heat_export_j','sensible_loaded_j','sensible_removed_j','internal_removed_j']}
+    @property
+    def time_s(self):return self.time_ns/1e9
+    def register_principal(self,name,visibility):
+        if not isinstance(name,str) or not name or visibility not in ('agent','evaluator','debug') or name in self._principals:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        self._principals[name]=visibility
+    def session(self,name):
+        if name not in self._principals:raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return ZwickHit5pSession(self,name)
+    def _mass(self):return self.sample['mass_kg'] if self.sample else 0.
+    def _capacity(self):return self.plant['local_sample_heat_capacity_j_k']+(self._mass()*self.sample['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k'] if self.sample else 0.)
+    def _temperature(self):return self.plant['ambient_k']+self.sample_U/self._capacity() if self.plant else 296.15
+    def _energy(self):return .5*INERTIA_KG_M2*self.omega**2+GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM*(1-math.cos(self.theta))
+    def _latch(self):return self.mechanical=='held' and abs(self.theta-RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD)<1e-10
+    def _shield_moving(self):return self.time_ns<self.shield_end_ns
+    def _temperature_valid(self):
+        if not self.sample:return True
+        t=self._temperature();ref=self.reference.get('reference_temperature_K');domain=self.reference.get('valid_temperature_range_K');tol=self.sample['temperature_tolerance_k']
+        return (ref is None or abs(t-ref)<=tol+1e-9) and (not domain or abs(domain[1]-domain[0])<1e-9 or domain[0]<=t<=domain[1]) and abs(t-self.sample['initial_temperature_k'])<=tol+1e-9
+    def read(self,visibility='agent'):
+        d={'clock.time_s':self.time_s,'plant.configured':self.plant is not None,'fixture.configured':self.fixture is not None,'method.configured':self.method is not None,'sample.present':self.sample is not None,'sample.broken':self.broken,'sample.spent':self.spent,'power.enabled':self.power,'pendulum.held':self.mechanical=='held','latch.engaged':self._latch(),'catch.requested':self.catch_requested,'calibration.valid':self.calibration is not None,'pendulum.angle_rad':self.theta,'pendulum.target_angle_rad':self.raise_target,'encoder.angle_rad':encoder(self.theta) if self.power else None,'shield.angle_rad':self.shield,'shield.target_angle_rad':self.shield_target,'latch.position_m':0. if self._latch() else .004,'power.angle_rad':.28 if self.power else 0.,'fragments.offset_m':.006 if self.broken and self.sample else 0.,'calibration.friction_torque_nm':self.calibration,'measurement.energy_j':self.last_energy if self.power else None,'measurement.validity':self._validity,'acquisition.phase':self.phase,'acquisition.elapsed_s':self.elapsed,'acquisition.points':len(self.rows),'truth.angular_velocity_rad_s':self.omega,'truth.sample_absorbed_j':self.absorbed,'truth.sample_temperature_k':self._temperature(),'truth.bearing_temperature_k':self.plant['ambient_k']+self.bearing_U/self.plant['bearing_heat_capacity_j_k'] if self.plant else 296.15,'truth.sample_mass_kg':self._mass()}
+        return {k:copy.deepcopy(v) for k,v in d.items() if visibility!='agent' or SLOTS[k]['visibility']=='agent'}
+    def ledger(self):
+        b=copy.deepcopy(self.book);m=self._mass();v=self.sample['volume_m3'] if self.sample else 0.;b.update(sample_mass_kg=m,mass_residual_kg=b['loaded_mass_kg']-b['removed_mass_kg']-m,sample_volume_m3=v,volume_residual_m3=b['loaded_volume_m3']-b['removed_volume_m3']-v,pendulum_kinetic_j=.5*INERTIA_KG_M2*self.omega**2,pendulum_potential_j=GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM*(1-math.cos(self.theta)),bearing_thermal_j=self.bearing_U,sample_damage_stored_j=self.damage,sample_thermal_j=self.sample_U)
+        b['energy_residual_j']=b['host_work_j']+b['sensible_loaded_j']-b['sensible_removed_j']-b['internal_removed_j']-b['bearing_heat_export_j']-b['sample_heat_export_j']-self._energy()-self.bearing_U-self.sample_U-self.damage;return b
+    def _record(self,kind='sample'):
+        self.rows.append(dict(point_index=len(self.rows),time_s=self.time_s,encoder_angle_rad=encoder(self.theta) if self.power else None,kind=kind,broken=self.broken))
+    def _finish(self,phase,reason):
+        self.phase=phase;self.terminal_reason=reason
+        if self.operation_id:self.records[self.operation_id]=self._result(use_cache=False)
+    def _result(self,use_cache=True):
+        if use_cache and self.phase!='running' and self.operation_id in self.records:return copy.deepcopy(self.records[self.operation_id])
+        a=self._analysis or {};return dict(operation_id=self.operation_id,phase=self.phase,mode=self.mode,elapsed_s=self.elapsed,rows=copy.deepcopy(self.rows),release_angle_rad=self._release_observed,rebound_angle_rad=self._rebound_observed,raw_energy_j=a.get('raw_energy_j'),corrected_energy_j=a.get('corrected_energy_j'),impact_strength_j_m2=a.get('impact_strength_j_m2'),observed_impact_speed_m_s=self._observed_speed,outcome=self._outcome,validity=self._validity,terminal_reason=self.terminal_reason,template_source=self._operation_source,evidence='synthetic_forward_model; actual_quantized_encoder_trajectory; ISO179_manufacturer_material_reference_plus_explicit_energy_threshold_no_break_thermal_transfer_assumptions; not_native_material_curve')
+    def _cool(self,dt,bearing_power=0.):
+        if not self.plant:return
+        C=self.plant['bearing_heat_capacity_j_k'];G=self.plant['bearing_conductance_w_k'];old=self.bearing_U;new=old*math.exp(-G*dt/C)+bearing_power*C/G*(-math.expm1(-G*dt/C));self.bearing_U=new;self.book['bearing_heat_export_j']+=old+bearing_power*dt-new
+        C=self._capacity();G=self.plant['sample_conductance_w_k'];old=self.sample_U;self.sample_U=old*math.exp(-G*dt/C);self.book['sample_heat_export_j']+=old-self.sample_U
+    def _new_segment(self):
+        if self.mechanical!='free':return
+        torque=self.plant['friction_torque_nm'];gravity=-GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM*math.sin(self.theta)
+        if abs(self.omega)<1e-10 and abs(gravity)<=torque+1e-12:self.omega=0.;self.mechanical='held';self.catch_requested=False;self._segment=None;return
+        direction=math.copysign(1,self.omega if abs(self.omega)>1e-10 else gravity);C_b=self.plant['bearing_heat_capacity_j_k'];G_b=self.plant['bearing_conductance_w_k'];C_s=self._capacity();G_s=self.plant['sample_conductance_w_k']
+        def rhs(t,y):
+            P=torque*direction*y[1];return [y[1],(-GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM*math.sin(y[0])-torque*direction)/INERTIA_KG_M2,P,P-G_b*y[3]/C_b,-G_s*y[4]/C_s,G_b*y[3]/C_b,G_s*y[4]/C_s]
+        event_kind='impact' if self._pending_impact else 'apex'
+        def event(t,y):return y[0] if event_kind=='impact' else y[1]
+        event.terminal=True;event.direction=-1 if event_kind=='impact' or direction>0 else 1
+        y0=np.array([self.theta,self.omega,0.,self.bearing_U,self.sample_U,0.,0.]);sol=solve_ivp(rhs,[0,10],y0,events=event,dense_output=True,method='DOP853',rtol=2e-12,atol=2e-14,max_step=.02)
+        if not sol.success or not len(sol.t_events[0]):raise RuntimeError('Pendulum event integration failed')
+        duration=float(sol.t_events[0][0]);end=self.time_ns+max(1,round(duration*1e9));self._segment=dict(start_ns=self.time_ns,end_ns=end,duration=duration,solution=sol.sol,last_y=y0,event=event_kind)
+    def _propagate_free(self,nxt):
+        s=self._segment;t=s['duration'] if nxt==s['end_ns'] else (nxt-s['start_ns'])/1e9;y=s['solution'](t);old=s['last_y'];self.theta=float(y[0]);self.omega=float(y[1]);self.book['friction_heat_j']+=float(y[2]-old[2]);self.bearing_U=float(y[3]);self.sample_U=float(y[4]);self.book['bearing_heat_export_j']+=float(y[5]-old[5]);self.book['sample_heat_export_j']+=float(y[6]-old[6]);s['last_y']=y
+    def _physical_impact(self):
+        self.theta=0.;self._pending_impact=False;self._first_apex=True
+        if self.phase=='running':
+            previous=[r for r in self.rows if r['kind']=='sample' and r['encoder_angle_rad'] is not None][-2:]
+            if len(previous)==2:self._observed_speed=abs((previous[-1]['encoder_angle_rad']-previous[-2]['encoder_angle_rad'])/(previous[-1]['time_s']-previous[-2]['time_s']))*STRIKE_RADIUS_M
+            self._record('impact')
+        if self.sample and not self.spent:
+            available=.5*INERTIA_KG_M2*self.omega**2;required=self.break_energy
+            if required is not None and available>=required:
+                lost=required;self.omega=-math.sqrt(max(0,2*(available-lost)/INERTIA_KG_M2));self.broken=True;self._outcome='break'
+            else:
+                retained=available*self.sample['no_break_restitution']**2;lost=available-retained;self.omega=math.sqrt(max(0,2*retained/INERTIA_KG_M2));self._outcome='no_break'
+            heat=lost*self.plant['sample_heat_fraction'];self.absorbed+=lost;self.book['sample_absorbed_j']+=lost;self.book['sample_heat_j']+=heat;self.sample_U+=heat;self.damage+=lost-heat;self.spent=True
+        else:
+            if self.phase=='running':self._outcome='empty'
+        if abs(self.omega)<1e-10:self.mechanical='held';self._physical_apex()
+    def _physical_apex(self):
+        self.omega=0.
+        if self._first_apex:
+            self._first_apex=False
+            if self.phase=='running':
+                self._rebound_observed=encoder(self.theta);self._record('apex')
+                if self.mode=='calibration':
+                    alpha=abs(self._release_observed);beta=abs(self._rebound_observed);estimate=GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM*(math.cos(beta)-math.cos(alpha))/(alpha+beta)
+                    if estimate<0:self._finish('failed','INVALID_EMPTY_SWING')
+                    else:self.calibration=estimate;self._validity='valid';self._analysis=analyze_impact(alpha,beta,estimate,None,'no_break');self._finish('succeeded','empty_swing_completed')
+                else:
+                    self._analysis=analyze_impact(self._release_observed,self._rebound_observed,self.calibration,self.method['remaining_area_prior_m2'],self._outcome);self._validity=self._analysis['validity'];self.last_energy=self._analysis['corrected_energy_j']
+                    if not self._temperature_valid():self._validity='temperature_invalid';self._analysis['impact_strength_j_m2']=None
+                    elif self._observed_speed is None or not 2.9*.9<=self._observed_speed<=2.9*1.1:self._validity='invalid_speed';self._analysis['impact_strength_j_m2']=None
+                    self._finish('succeeded' if self._validity in ('valid','no_break') else 'failed',self._validity)
+        if self.catch_requested:self.mechanical='held';self.catch_requested=False
+        self._segment=None
+    def invoke(self,capability_id,**arguments):
+        if capability_id not in CAPS:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'],arguments);k=capability_id;a=copy.deepcopy(arguments)
+        if k in UNSUPPORTED:raise ActionRejected('UNSUPPORTED')
+        if k=='acquisition.result':return self._result()
+        if k=='ledger.read':return self.ledger()
+        if k=='provenance.read':return dict(current_sample=self.source,operation_source=self._operation_source)
+        if k=='analysis.impact':return analyze_impact(**a)
+        if k=='sim.step':self.step(a['dt_s']);return dict(time_s=self.time_s)
+        if self.phase=='running' and k not in ('acquisition.stop','power.set','pendulum.catch'):raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+        if k=='plant.configure':
+            if self.plant or self.power or self.sample:raise ActionRejected('PLANT_ALREADY_CONFIGURED')
+            if not a['accept_engineering']:raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            if a['bearing_heat_capacity_j_k']/a['bearing_conductance_w_k']<.001 or a['local_sample_heat_capacity_j_k']/a['sample_conductance_w_k']<.001:raise ActionRejected('THERMAL_TIME_CONSTANT_OUTSIDE_NUMERICAL_DOMAIN')
+            self.plant=a;out=dict(configured=True)
+        elif k=='fixture.configure':
+            if self.sample or self.mechanical!='held':raise ActionRejected('SAMPLE_PRESENT_OR_MOVING')
+            if not a['accept_effective_inertia']:raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            self.fixture=a;self.calibration=None;out=dict(configured=True)
+        elif k=='method.configure':
+            nanos=a['sample_interval_s']*1e9
+            if abs(nanos-round(nanos))>1e-4:raise ActionRejected('SAMPLING_GRID_RESOLUTION')
+            self.method=a;out=dict(configured=True)
+        elif k=='sample.load':
+            if not self.plant or not self.fixture:raise ActionRejected('CONFIGURATION_REQUIRED')
+            if self.sample:raise ActionRejected('SAMPLE_PRESENT')
+            if not self._latch() or self.shield<1.1-1e-12 or self._shield_moving():raise ActionRejected('LOADING_GEOMETRY')
+            if not a['accept_reference_transfer_and_fracture_proxy']:raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            if a['notch_depth_m']>=a['width_m'] or a['notch']=='unnotched' and a['notch_depth_m']!=0 or a['notch']=='A' and a['notch_depth_m']<=0:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_NOTCH_GEOMETRY')
+            if a['volume_m3']>a['length_m']*a['width_m']*a['thickness_m']+1e-12:raise ActionRejected('INVALID_VOLUME')
+            ref=library().get(a['reference_id'])
+            if ref is None:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_REFERENCE')
+            nominal=ref.get('reference_temperature_K');domain=ref.get('valid_temperature_range_K');T=a['initial_temperature_k'];tol=a['temperature_tolerance_k']
+            if nominal is not None and abs(T-nominal)>tol+1e-9 or domain and domain[1]-domain[0]>1e-9 and not domain[0]<=T<=domain[1]:raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            strength=a['host_charpy_strength_j_m2'];field='charpy_notched_impact_strength_J_m2' if a['notch']=='A' else 'charpy_unnotched_impact_strength_J_m2'
+            if strength is None:strength=ref.get(field)
+            if a['behavior']=='energy_threshold' and strength is None:raise ActionRejected('MISSING_CHARPY_REFERENCE_OR_PRIOR')
+            incoming=a['mass_kg']*a['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k']*(T-self.plant['ambient_k']);self.sample=a;self.reference=ref;self.source=json.dumps(dict(reference_id=a['reference_id'],source=ref.get('source'),evidence=ref.get('evidence')),sort_keys=True);self.break_energy=None if a['behavior']=='unbreakable_proxy' else strength*(a['width_m']-a['notch_depth_m'])*a['thickness_m'];self.broken=self.spent=False;self.absorbed=self.damage=0.;self.sample_U+=incoming;self.book['sensible_loaded_j']+=incoming;self.book['loaded_mass_kg']+=a['mass_kg'];self.book['loaded_volume_m3']+=a['volume_m3'];out=dict(present=True)
+        elif k=='sample.remove':
+            if not self.sample:raise ActionRejected('NO_SAMPLE')
+            if not self._latch() or self.shield<1.1-1e-12 or self._shield_moving():raise ActionRejected('LOADING_GEOMETRY')
+            mass=self._mass();volume=self.sample['volume_m3'];sensible=mass*self.sample['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k']*(self._temperature()-self.plant['ambient_k']);self.book['sensible_removed_j']+=sensible;self.book['internal_removed_j']+=self.damage;self.book['removed_mass_kg']+=mass;self.book['removed_volume_m3']+=volume;self.sample_U-=sensible;self.sample=self.reference=self.source=None;self.broken=self.spent=False;self.absorbed=self.damage=0.;out=dict(removed_mass_kg=mass,removed_volume_m3=volume)
+        elif k=='power.set':
+            if not self.plant:raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if not a['enabled'] and self.phase=='running':self._finish('cancelled','POWER_OFF')
+            self.power=a['enabled'];out=dict(enabled=self.power)
+        elif k=='shield.set_open':
+            if not self.plant:raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if self.mechanical!='held':raise ActionRejected('PENDULUM_MOVING')
+            target=1.1 if a['opened'] else 0.;self.shield_start=self.shield;self.shield_target=target;self.shield_start_ns=self.time_ns;self.shield_end_ns=self.time_ns+math.ceil(abs(target-self.shield)/self.plant['shield_speed_rad_s']*1e9);out=dict(target_angle_rad=target)
+        elif k=='pendulum.raise':
+            if not self.plant or not self.fixture:raise ActionRejected('CONFIGURATION_REQUIRED')
+            if self.mechanical!='held':raise ActionRejected('PENDULUM_MOVING')
+            if self.shield>1e-12 or self._shield_moving():raise ActionRejected('SHIELD_OPEN')
+            if self.sample and not self.spent and not self._latch():raise ActionRejected('FRESH_SAMPLE_IN_PATH')
+            self.raise_target=RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD;distance=RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD-self.theta;self._raise_start_ns=self.time_ns;self._raise_end_ns=self.time_ns+math.ceil(abs(distance)/self.plant['host_raise_speed_rad_s']*1e9);self._raise_angle0=self.theta;self._raise_started=False;self._raise_rate=distance/((self._raise_end_ns-self.time_ns)/1e9) if distance else 0.;self.mechanical='raising' if distance else 'held';out=dict(target_angle_rad=self.raise_target)
+        elif k=='pendulum.catch':
+            if self.mechanical!='free':raise ActionRejected('NOT_FREE_SWING')
+            self.catch_requested=True;out=dict(requested=True)
+        elif k=='calibration.clear':self.calibration=None;out=dict(valid=False)
+        elif k in ('calibration.start','acquisition.start'):
+            if not self.power:raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            if not self.plant or not self.fixture or not self.method:raise ActionRejected('CONFIGURATION_REQUIRED')
+            if not self._latch():raise ActionRejected('NOT_ARMED')
+            if self.shield>1e-12 or self._shield_moving():raise ActionRejected('SHIELD_OPEN')
+            if k=='calibration.start' and self.sample:raise ActionRejected('EMPTY_REQUIRED')
+            if k=='acquisition.start':
+                if not self.sample:raise ActionRejected('NO_SAMPLE')
+                if self.spent:raise ActionRejected('SAMPLE_SPENT')
+                if self.calibration is None:raise ActionRejected('CALIBRATION_REQUIRED')
+                if not self._temperature_valid():raise ActionRejected('REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE')
+            self._counter+=1;self.operation_id=f'{self.instance_id}:swing:{self._counter}';self.phase='running';self.mode='calibration' if k=='calibration.start' else 'impact';self.elapsed=0.;self.rows=[];self.terminal_reason=None;self._operation_source=self.source;self._release_observed=encoder(self.theta);self._rebound_observed=self._observed_speed=None;self._outcome='pending';self._validity='not_completed';self._analysis=None;self._start_ns=self.time_ns;self._end_ns=self.time_ns+round(self.method['timeout_s']*1e9);self._period_ns=round(self.method['sample_interval_s']*1e9);self._sample_ns=self.time_ns+self._period_ns;self.mechanical='free';self._pending_impact=True;self._first_apex=False;self.catch_requested=False;self._segment=None;self._record();out=dict(operation_id=self.operation_id)
+        elif k=='acquisition.stop':
+            if self.phase!='running':raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+            self._finish('cancelled','USER_CANCEL');out=dict(phase=self.phase,elapsed_s=self.elapsed)
+        else:raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        self.revision+=1;return copy.deepcopy(out)
+    def step(self,dt_s):
+        validate(number('s',0,86400),dt_s);raw=dt_s*1e9+self._clock_remainder_ns;ns=round(raw);self._clock_remainder_ns=raw-ns
+        if not ns:return
+        end=self.time_ns+ns
+        while self.time_ns<end:
+            if self.mechanical=='free' and self._segment is None:self._new_segment()
+            if self.mechanical=='raising' and not self._raise_started:
+                old=self._energy();self.omega=self._raise_rate;self.book['host_work_j']+=self._energy()-old;self._raise_started=True
+            nexts=[end]
+            if self._shield_moving():nexts.append(self.shield_end_ns)
+            if self.mechanical=='free':nexts.append(self._segment['end_ns'])
+            if self.mechanical=='raising':nexts.append(self._raise_end_ns)
+            if self.phase=='running':nexts.extend([self._sample_ns,self._end_ns])
+            nxt=min(t for t in nexts if t>self.time_ns);dt=(nxt-self.time_ns)/1e9
+            if self.mechanical=='free':self._propagate_free(nxt)
+            elif self.mechanical=='raising':
+                old=self._energy();self.theta=self._raise_angle0+self._raise_rate*(nxt-self._raise_start_ns)/1e9;heat=self.plant['friction_torque_nm']*abs(self._raise_rate)*dt;self.book['friction_heat_j']+=heat;self.book['host_work_j']+=self._energy()-old+heat;self._cool(dt,heat/dt)
+            else:self._cool(dt)
+            self.time_ns=nxt
+            self.shield=self.shield_target if self.time_ns>=self.shield_end_ns else self.shield_start+(self.shield_target-self.shield_start)*(self.time_ns-self.shield_start_ns)/(self.shield_end_ns-self.shield_start_ns)
+            if self.phase=='running':self.elapsed=(self.time_ns-self._start_ns)/1e9
+            if self.mechanical=='raising' and self.time_ns==self._raise_end_ns:
+                old=self._energy();self.theta=RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD;self.omega=0.;self.book['host_work_j']+=self._energy()-old;self.mechanical='held'
+            if self.mechanical=='free' and self._segment and self.time_ns==self._segment['end_ns']:
+                kind=self._segment['event'];self._segment=None
+                if kind=='impact':self._physical_impact()
+                else:self._physical_apex()
+            if self.phase=='running' and self.time_ns==self._sample_ns:self._record();self._sample_ns+=self._period_ns
+            if self.phase=='running' and self.time_ns>=self._end_ns:self._finish('failed','OBSERVATION_TIMEOUT')
+        self.revision+=1
+
+class ZwickHit5pSession:
+    def __init__(self, host, principal_id): self._host = host; self._principal = principal_id
+    @property
+    def _role(self): return self._host._principals[self._principal]
+    def _target(self, instance_id):
+        if instance_id != self._host.instance_id: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+    def describe(self, *, instance_id=None, asset_type_id=None):
+        if (instance_id is None) == (asset_type_id is None): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if instance_id is not None: self._target(instance_id)
+        if asset_type_id is not None and asset_type_id != ASSET_TYPE_ID: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+        meta = export_zwick_hit5p_contract_metadata()
+        return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID, asset_version='1.0.0', capabilities={k:v for k,v in meta['capabilities'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'}, state_slots={k:v for k,v in meta['state_slots'].items() if v['visibility']=='agent' or self._role!='agent'})
+    def read(self, *, instance_id, state_ids=None):
+        self._target(instance_id); h=self._host; values=h.read(self._role); ids=list(values) if state_ids is None else state_ids
+        if not isinstance(ids,list) or any(not isinstance(k,str) for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if any(k not in values for k in ids): raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return dict(instance_id=instance_id, status='succeeded', state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s}, observations={k:dict(value=copy.deepcopy(values[k]),unit=SLOTS[k]['unit'],quality='unavailable' if values[k] is None else 'estimated' if SLOTS[k]['origin'] in ('sensor','derived') else 'valid',sample_time_s=h.time_s,sample_window_s=None) for k in ids})
+    def _filter_result(self, result):
+        result = copy.deepcopy(result)
+        # A bridge may dispatch agent-visible capabilities through a privileged
+        # session. Public acquisition payloads therefore use the SAME redaction
+        # for every role. Full provenance has its own evaluator-only capability.
+        if 'rows' in result and 'template_source' in result:
+            result['template_source'] = str(LIBRARY_PATH.relative_to(ROOT)) + '; selected record provenance available only through evaluator provenance.read' if result['template_source'] is not None else None
+            result['evidence'] = 'synthetic_forward_model; quantized_encoder_angles_and_observed_empty_swing_correction; manufacturer_ISO179_scalar_reference_and_explicit_fracture_thermal_proxy; selected record restricted' if result['operation_id'] is not None else 'no_measurement'
+        return result
+    def invoke(self, *, instance_id, capability_id, arguments, request_id):
+        h=self._host
+        try:
+            self._target(instance_id)
+            if not isinstance(capability_id,str) or capability_id not in CAPS: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+            if self._role=='agent' and CAPS[capability_id]['visibility']!='agent': raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'],arguments); key=(self._principal,request_id); digest=json.dumps([capability_id,arguments],sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+            if key in h._requests:
+                old,response=h._requests[key]
+                if old!=digest: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+                return copy.deepcopy(response)
+            if capability_id in ('acquisition.stop','acquisition.result') and self._role=='agent' and h.operation_id and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if capability_id=='power.set' and not arguments['enabled'] and h.phase=='running' and self._role=='agent' and h._owners.get(h.operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            result=self._filter_result(h.invoke(capability_id,**arguments)); operation=result.get('operation_id') if capability_id in ('acquisition.start','calibration.start') else None
+            if operation: h._owners[operation]=self._principal
+            response=dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=operation,status='accepted' if operation else 'succeeded',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result=result,observations={},error=None)
+            h._requests[key]=(digest,copy.deepcopy(response)); return response
+        except ActionRejected as exc:
+            return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION,instance_id=instance_id,request_id=request_id,operation_id=None,status='unsupported' if str(exc)=='UNSUPPORTED' else 'rejected',state_revision=h.revision,clock={'domain':'simulation','time_s':h.time_s},result={},observations={},error=dict(code=str(exc),message=str(exc),retryable=False,side_effects='none'))
+    def write(self, *, instance_id, state_id, value, request_id):
+        self._target(instance_id); entry=SLOTS.get(state_id)
+        if not entry or not entry['write']: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        capability,argument=entry['write']; return self.invoke(instance_id=instance_id,capability_id=capability,arguments={argument:value},request_id=request_id)
+    def poll(self, operation_id):
+        h=self._host
+        if h._owners.get(operation_id)!=self._principal: raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        result=h._result() if operation_id==h.operation_id and h.phase=='running' else h.records.get(operation_id)
+        if result is None: raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_OPERATION')
+        return dict(operation_id=operation_id,status=result['phase'],result=self._filter_result(result))
+    def cancel(self, operation_id, request_id):
+        self.poll(operation_id); h=self._host
+        if not isinstance(request_id,str) or not request_id: raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        key=(self._principal,request_id)
+        if key in h._cancel_operations:
+            if h._cancel_operations[key]!=operation_id: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+            return copy.deepcopy(h._requests[key][1])
+        if key in h._requests: raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        if operation_id!=h.operation_id or h.phase!='running': raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+        result=self.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.stop',arguments={},request_id=request_id)
+        if result['status']=='succeeded': h._cancel_operations[key]=operation_id
+        return result
+
+EFFECTS={
+ 'plant.configure':['plant.configured','truth.sample_temperature_k','truth.bearing_temperature_k'],
+ 'fixture.configure':['fixture.configured','calibration.valid','calibration.friction_torque_nm'],
+ 'method.configure':['method.configured'],
+ 'sample.load':['sample.present','sample.broken','sample.spent','truth.sample_mass_kg','truth.sample_temperature_k','truth.sample_absorbed_j','fragments.offset_m'],
+ 'sample.remove':['sample.present','sample.broken','sample.spent','truth.sample_mass_kg','truth.sample_temperature_k','truth.sample_absorbed_j','fragments.offset_m'],
+ 'power.set':['power.enabled','power.angle_rad','encoder.angle_rad','measurement.energy_j','acquisition.phase'],
+ 'shield.set_open':['shield.target_angle_rad'],
+ 'pendulum.raise':['pendulum.target_angle_rad','pendulum.held','latch.engaged','latch.position_m'],
+ 'pendulum.catch':['catch.requested'],
+ 'calibration.clear':['calibration.valid','calibration.friction_torque_nm'],
+ 'acquisition.start':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.elapsed_s','acquisition.points','measurement.validity','pendulum.held','latch.engaged','latch.position_m','catch.requested'],
+ 'calibration.start':['acquisition.phase','acquisition.elapsed_s','acquisition.points','measurement.validity','pendulum.held','latch.engaged','latch.position_m','catch.requested'],
+ 'acquisition.stop':['acquisition.phase'],
+ 'sim.step':list(SLOTS)}
+for k,v in EFFECTS.items():CAPS[k]['effects']=v
+ERRORS=sorted(set(__import__('re').findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_0-9]+)'",Path(__file__).read_text()))|{'USER_CANCEL','POWER_OFF','OBSERVATION_TIMEOUT','INVALID_EMPTY_SWING'})
+LIMITATIONS=[
+ '固定HIT5P / ISO179 Charpy .5J摆锤010930 / 62mm夹具010961，0.5J不是整机最大5J；释放135.72°、摆长250mm、名义2.9m/s±10%、encoder .018°。厂家工作范围10..80%，即.05.. .4J；范围外可报告估计J但不给有效标准化强度。',
+ '本HIT5P配置为机械释放，不配自动回摆和盘式制动。pendulum.raise为外部手动有限速代理，pendulum.catch请求宿主在下一转折点接住并保持；它们不是OEM电机/刹车，也未验证机器人抓取/人手安全。',
+ '当前几何摆轴−Y，0竖下、正角释放侧在+X，负角速度撞击向−X；刀口半径.25m不是所有质量的COM。重力矩K=.5/(1−cosα)，有效惯量I=2*.5/(2.9/.25)²由名义规格约束推导，不是独立部件惯量实测。厂家.119kg仅名义总摆锤，70kg整机不当摆锤或热容。',
+ '自由摆I*θddot=−K*sinθ−τeff*sign(ω)。恒定Coulomb有效摩擦为明确空气/轴承合并近似，不解频率相关空气阻力或轴承温变；实际摩擦功τeff*|dθ|进入局部轴承工程热节点。',
+ '空摆首回升峰值提供τcal=K*(cosβ−cosα)/(α+β)，完全来自量化encoder角度及名义K，不读取hidden friction。样品Eobs=K*(cosβ−cosα)−τcal*(α+β)；角度分辨不等于OEM准确度，无经验noise分布。',
+ '真实厂家61牌号ISO179标量来自各明确温度/缺口工况；N不破、未知值与零吸能不同，绝不把Izod J/m换成Charpy J/m²。原始force/displacement/time曲线缺失，当前前向摆动曲线是synthetic_forward_model。',
+ '宿主接受的energy-threshold代理在实际θ=0时移除参考Charpy强度×剩余截面积的能量；不解接触力峰值、颈缩、裂纹扩展或支点应变。能量不足或unbreakable代理按显式restitution反弹，partial吸能可记录但不能当完整断裂强度。',
+ '瞬时冲击是集总离散事件，不声称全带宽碰撞/力传感；破断角速度由真实能量扣除得到。β比例进入样品热，其余进入损伤/新表面库存；所有碎片留在收集边界，取样才携出mass、显热与损伤能。',
+ '显式非线性/热耦合积分的工程计算域要求bearing C/G及未装样local C/G≥1ms；过快热节点原子拒绝，不把该数值稳定边界当OEM物理限制。',
+ '宿主抬摆轨迹有限速、理想速度约束；启动/停止的惯性能量计入有符号host work，可回收机械能，不假造有限峰值电机功率。被动换热参数为宿主工程输入，无主动温控附件。',
+ '采样按宿主定义时间网格，impact/apex额外事件独立标记；首峰值完成记录后摆锤继续自由摆，cancel/掉电亦不删机械能。没有宿主catch时继续至Coulomb静摩擦可支撑位置，自然停摆不强制回到0。',
+ '默认80×10×4mm、A缺口深2mm，剩余面积32mm²。载入其它过程尺寸不会自动重建固定3D示例；sample mass、volume、Cp为独立宿主先验。破后分离是受限视觉示意，不是碎片弹道或连续变形碰撞表面。',
+ '单温度参考仅在宿主显式容差内作常数近似，不进行不同温度/缺口/速率数据暗中插值。Coulomb校正、工程移植和代理结果不构成ISO179认证。',
+ '精确场景摆角/片段位置及过程能量受限evaluator，agent使用量化encoder；所有角色普通结果/poll都隐藏选中牌号/来源。完整来源仅provenance.read；共享磁盘/Python不构成OS隔离。']
+def export_zwick_hit5p_contract_metadata():
+    slots={};caps={}
+    for k,v in SLOTS.items():slots[k]=dict(meaning_zh=v['meaning'],component_ids=[v['component']],value_schema=copy.deepcopy(v['schema']),unit=v['unit'],reference_conditions='SI; selected HIT5P ISO179 Charpy0.5J / .25m /135.72deg /62mm span; external manual raise/catch.',origin=v['origin'],visibility=v['visibility'],access='read_only',read_binding=dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',accessor=f'ZwickHit5pSession.read(state_ids=[{k!r}])'),write_via=None,sampling=dict(mode='instant',time_domain='simulation',window_description='Pure read; encoder quantized0.018deg; rows on method time grid with separate impact/apex events.'),source_ids=['simulation_assumption'])
+    for k,v in CAPS.items():
+        un=k in UNSUPPORTED;async_=k in ('acquisition.start','calibration.start');caps[k]={key:copy.deepcopy(v[key]) for key in ['input_schema','output_schema','component_ids','function_zh','kind','visibility','example_arguments']}
+        caps[k].update(availability='unsupported' if un else 'implemented',implementation={layer:'absent' if un or layer in ('scene','robot','hardware') else 'implemented' for layer in ['process','scene','robot','hardware','host']},binding=None if un else dict(backend='host',artifact_id='runtime',entrypoint='asset_runtime.zwick_hit5p.ZwickHit5pSession.invoke',invocation=f'session.invoke(instance_id="hit_01",capability_id={k!r},arguments={v["example_arguments"]!r},request_id="unique")'),preconditions=[] if un or v['kind'] in ('query','analysis') else [dict(description_zh='入口原子核对ISO179 .5J选型、抬摆锁止、罩位置、空摆校准和实际样品前提。',state_ids=['power.enabled','sample.present','pendulum.held','latch.engaged','shield.angle_rad','acquisition.phase'],enforced_by='runtime',check='ZwickHit5pRuntime.invoke')],state_effects=[dict(state_id=s,timing='on_step' if k=='sim.step' else 'immediate',description_zh='设定或操作标志；真实机械/温度/角度读数仅step推进') for s in v['effects']],observes=[],model_effects=dict(mode='none',description_zh='运行层输出供scene独立绑定验证的状态，不直接写几何',binding_ids=[]),execution=dict(mode='asynchronous' if async_ else 'synchronous',time_domain='simulation',completion_criterion='释放、实际冲击和首回升角观测完成；记录结束不代表机械停摆' if async_ else '原子配置/外部动作请求，实际状态由step推进',completion_state_ids=['acquisition.phase'] if async_ else [],timeout_s=None,cancellation='supported' if async_ else 'unsupported',retry='same_request_id',resources=['host_clock','pendulum','ISO179_fixture','encoder'],partial_failure_zh='停止记录保留全部已点/机械能/破坏/热与库存；自由摆继续至外部catch或自然静止。'),errors=[dict(code=e,meaning_zh=e,side_effects='partial' if async_ and e in ('USER_CANCEL','POWER_OFF','OBSERVATION_TIMEOUT','INVALID_EMPTY_SWING') else 'none') for e in ERRORS],verification=[],limitations=LIMITATIONS,source_ids=['manufacturer_primary','simulation_assumption','template_library'])
+        if k in ('acquisition.start','calibration.start','pendulum.raise','pendulum.catch','shield.set_open'):
+            caps[k]['state_effects'] += [dict(state_id=s,timing='on_step',description_zh='由统一宿主时钟推进非线性摆动、摩擦/冲击/被动热及量化encoder') for s in SLOTS if s not in v['effects'] and SLOTS[s]['origin'] in ('sensor','derived','scene','process_truth')]
+    mechanism=dict(component_ids=['pendulum','striker','latch','fixture_base','sample_left','sample_right','controller'],state_ids=list(slots),meaning_zh='ISO179 .5J非线性摆动、实际空摆角度摩擦校正、能量阈值破坏/反弹和可守恒热库存',implementation='lumped',equations=['Kgrav=.5/(1-cos(alpha)); I=2*.5/(2.9/.25)^2; alpha=135.72deg.','Emechanical=0.5*I*omega²+Kgrav*(1-cos(theta)); I*domega/dt=-Kgrav*sin(theta)-tau*sign(omega).','Pfriction=tau*abs(omega); passive bearing/sample heat nodes retain and export energy.','At theta=0: break iff kinetic>=explicit threshold aCharpy*Aremaining; omega_after=-sqrt(2*(kinetic-threshold)/I).','No-break: omega_after=+restitution*abs(omega_before), absorbed=(1-restitution²)*kinetic; no complete-break strength inferred.','Qsample=heat_fraction*absorbed; remaining absorbed stored as damage/surface energy.','Calibration from observed empty alpha,beta: tau_est=Kgrav*(cos(beta)-cos(alpha))/(alpha+beta).','Observed absorbed energy=Kgrav*(cos(beta)-cos(alpha))-tau_est*(alpha+beta); aCharpy=Eobs/Aremaining_prior only for complete valid break and supplied independent area.','External host raising: dWhost=dEmechanical+dQfriction, including ideal velocity boundary kinetic change; at-turn catch imposes hold at omega0 without energy deletion.','Host sole clock; free-flight dense ODE segments anchored at physical events and integer-nanosecond sampling grid with fractional-nanosecond carry.'],parameters={},source_ids=['simulation_assumption','template_library'],limitations=LIMITATIONS)
+    spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('_hit_local_annotations',ROOT/'scripts/asset_runtime/_annotations.py');ann=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(ann);ann.KEY_ZH.update({k:v['meaning'] for k,v in SLOTS.items()});ann.annotate_export(SLUG,caps,slots,{'charpy_pendulum':mechanism},inputs={'plant.configure':(PLANT,PLANT_EXAMPLE),'fixture.configure':(FIXTURE,FIXTURE_EXAMPLE),'sample.load':(SAMPLE,SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),'method.configure':(METHOD,METHOD_EXAMPLE)})
+    for k,v in SLOTS.items():slots[k]['meaning_zh']=v['meaning']
+    return dict(asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID,catalog_id=CATALOG_ID,capabilities=caps,state_slots=slots,mechanisms={'charpy_pendulum':mechanism})
diff --git a/scripts/asset_runtime/zwick_mflow.py b/scripts/asset_runtime/zwick_mflow.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..955c53a4b17f81d7370b4e25d5c92c382716d547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/asset_runtime/zwick_mflow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1350 @@
+"""CHEM-146 ZwickRoell Mflow 1128610 extrusion plastometer runtime (ISO 1133 methods A and B, SI units).
+
+Physics owned by the host clock (``step`` is the only entry that advances time):
+  * barrel/furnace lumped heat node with a PI controller (heater limited by an explicit engineering power), ambient loss;
+  * polymer charge: enthalpy with sensible + latent (melting range) terms, pellet compaction (bulk -> melt density),
+    heat exchange with the barrel, thermal-history clock above the melting onset;
+  * die flow: reference MVR of the selected manufacturer record transferred to the actual condition with explicit
+    host priors (power-law index n, flow activation energy Ea, thermal-history rate) and the piston friction:
+        Q = MVR_ref * ((m g - F_f) / (m_ref g))^(1/n) * exp(-(Ea / (n R)) (1/T - 1/T_ref)) * exp(k_h t_hist) * phi^3 ;
+  * piston rides on the charge column (compaction + extrusion), weight potential energy -> friction heat (barrel) and
+    pressure work (charge); manual host withdraw / insert at finite speed;
+  * automatic cutter: alternate blade half turns, the strand is severed when the blade crosses pi/2;
+  * external RS-232 analytical balance proxy with settling time, resolution, gain/offset (no built-in balance);
+  * displacement encoder (0.003 mm), time base (0.002 s), temperature display (0.01 K) quantisation.
+A single MVR/MFR scalar does not identify the rheology: n, Ea, melt density, cp, latent heat, compaction and history are
+explicit host priors (evidence = assumption).  The observed results are computed only from quantised observations.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+
+PROTOCOL_VERSION = '1.0.0'
+SLUG = 'zwick_mflow'
+ASSET_TYPE_ID = 'instrument.' + SLUG
+CATALOG_ID = 'CHEM-146'
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2]
+ASSET = ROOT / 'assets/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal' / SLUG
+LIBRARY_PATH = ASSET / 'melt_flow_library.json'
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- documented / standard constants
+GRAVITY = 9.80665
+GAS_CONSTANT = 8.314462618
+BARREL_DIAMETER_M = 0.00955                      # 1128612 (documented)
+PISTON_HEAD_DIAMETER_M = 0.009474                # ISO 1133-1 piston head
+STANDARD_AREA_M2 = math.pi / 4 * ((BARREL_DIAMETER_M + PISTON_HEAD_DIAMETER_M) / 2) ** 2   # ISO mean area, 0.711 cm^2
+DIE_DIAMETER_M = 0.002095                        # 312342 (documented)
+DIE_LENGTH_M = 0.008
+DIE_AREA_M2 = math.pi * DIE_DIAMETER_M ** 2 / 4
+BARREL_LENGTH_M = 0.180
+PISTON_TRAVEL_M = BARREL_LENGTH_M
+PISTON_LOAD_KG = 0.325                           # the piston alone is the 0.325 kg load stage (documented)
+LOAD_RANGE_KG = (0.325, 21.6)                    # documented total test load range
+TEMPERATURE_RANGE_K = (323.15, 723.15)           # documented 50 .. 450 degC
+ENCODER_RESOLUTION_M = 3e-6                      # documented 0.003 mm
+TIME_RESOLUTION_S = 0.002                        # documented 0.002 s
+TEMPERATURE_DISPLAY_RESOLUTION_K = 0.01          # documented "< 0.1 K"; this model shows 0.01 K steps
+CONNECTED_APPARENT_POWER_VA = 700.0              # documented 0.7 kVA full load (not the heater power)
+MFR_RANGE_KG_S = (0.1e-3 / 600, 2000e-3 / 600)   # product page approx. 0.1 .. 2000 g/10 min
+# transducer arm (same geometry as outputs/.../interface_definition.py; checked by the tests)
+SENSOR_ZERO_POSITION_M = 0.050
+SENSOR_ARM_LENGTH_M = 0.140
+SENSOR_ELEVATION_MAX_RAD = 0.42
+SENSOR_REFERENCE_ELEVATION_RAD = math.asin(-SENSOR_ZERO_POSITION_M / SENSOR_ARM_LENGTH_M)
+SENSOR_RANGE_M = (0.0, SENSOR_ZERO_POSITION_M + SENSOR_ARM_LENGTH_M * math.sin(SENSOR_ELEVATION_MAX_RAD))
+CUTTER_TRAVEL_RAD = math.pi
+POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD = 0.28
+MAX_SUBSTEP_S = 0.05
+MIN_PISTON_M = 0.005                             # the piston must stay above the die (end of usable charge)
+LIVE_MVR_WINDOW_S = 4.0
+
+
+class ActionRejected(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- schema helpers
+def number(unit='1', lo=None, hi=None):
+    s = {'type': 'number', 'x-unit': unit}
+    if lo is not None:
+        s['minimum'] = lo
+    if hi is not None:
+        s['maximum'] = hi
+    return s
+
+
+def obj(properties):
+    return dict(type='object', properties=properties, required=list(properties), additionalProperties=False)
+
+
+def nullable(s):
+    return {'anyOf': [s, {'type': 'null'}]}
+
+
+def array(s, minimum=0, maximum=200001):
+    return dict(type='array', items=s, minItems=minimum, maxItems=maximum)
+
+
+def enum(items):
+    return {'type': 'string', 'enum': list(items)}
+
+
+BOOL = {'type': 'boolean'}
+TEXT = {'type': 'string'}
+INT = {'type': 'integer', 'x-unit': '1'}
+PHASE = enum(['idle', 'running', 'succeeded', 'cancelled', 'failed'])
+
+
+def validate(s, v):
+    if 'anyOf' in s:
+        for o in s['anyOf']:
+            try:
+                validate(o, v)
+                return
+            except ActionRejected:
+                pass
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    k = s.get('type')
+    if k in ('number', 'integer'):
+        if isinstance(v, bool) or not isinstance(v, (int, float)) or not math.isfinite(v) or (k == 'integer' and type(v) is not int):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if not s.get('minimum', -math.inf) <= v <= s.get('maximum', math.inf):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k == 'object':
+        if not isinstance(v, dict) or set(v) != set(s['properties']):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for key, value in v.items():
+            validate(s['properties'][key], value)
+    elif k == 'array':
+        if not isinstance(v, list) or not s.get('minItems', 0) <= len(v) <= s.get('maxItems', math.inf):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        for x in v:
+            validate(s['items'], x)
+    elif k == 'boolean' and type(v) is not bool:
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k == 'string' and not isinstance(v, str):
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    elif k == 'null' and v is not None:
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+    if 'enum' in s and v not in s['enum']:
+        raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+
+
+_LIBRARY = None
+
+
+def library():
+    global _LIBRARY
+    if _LIBRARY is None:
+        _LIBRARY = {r['id']: r for r in json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())['templates']}
+    return _LIBRARY
+
+
+def quantize(value, step):
+    return round(value / step) * step
+
+
+def sensor_arm_angle(position_m):
+    """Transducer-arm joint angle (0 = reference pose, piston on the die); upper stop beyond ~107 mm."""
+    s = (position_m - SENSOR_ZERO_POSITION_M) / SENSOR_ARM_LENGTH_M
+    if s >= math.sin(SENSOR_ELEVATION_MAX_RAD):
+        elevation = SENSOR_ELEVATION_MAX_RAD
+    else:
+        elevation = math.asin(max(s, math.sin(SENSOR_REFERENCE_ELEVATION_RAD)))
+    return elevation - SENSOR_REFERENCE_ELEVATION_RAD
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- inputs
+PLANT_EXAMPLE = dict(ambient_k=296.15, barrel_heat_capacity_j_k=900.0, barrel_loss_w_k=0.55, heater_max_w=450.0, controller_gain_w_k=80.0,
+                     controller_integral_s=120.0, sample_conductance_w_k=0.25, piston_friction_n=0.30, manual_piston_speed_m_s=0.02,
+                     cutter_half_turn_s=0.25, accept_engineering=True)
+PLANT = obj(dict(ambient_k=number('K', 273.15, 323.15), barrel_heat_capacity_j_k=number('J/K', 100.0, 5000.0), barrel_loss_w_k=number('W/K', 0.01, 10.0),
+                 heater_max_w=number('W', 10.0, CONNECTED_APPARENT_POWER_VA), controller_gain_w_k=number('W/K', 1.0, 2000.0),
+                 controller_integral_s=number('s', 5.0, 10000.0), sample_conductance_w_k=number('W/K', 0.001, 20.0),
+                 piston_friction_n=number('N', 0.0, 3.0), manual_piston_speed_m_s=number('m/s', 0.001, 0.1), cutter_half_turn_s=number('s', 0.05, 5.0),
+                 accept_engineering=BOOL))
+SAMPLE_EXAMPLE = dict(reference_id='basf_ultradur_b4520', reference_temperature_k=523.15, reference_load_kg=2.16, mass_kg=0.0060,
+                      bulk_density_kg_m3=800.0, melt_density_kg_m3=1110.0, specific_heat_j_kg_k=1900.0, initial_temperature_k=296.15,
+                      melting_low_k=488.15, melting_high_k=498.15, latent_heat_j_kg=48000.0, power_law_index=0.75,
+                      activation_energy_j_mol=50000.0, history_rate_per_s=5e-5, accept_rheology_thermal_density_and_packing_assumptions=True)
+SAMPLE = obj(dict(reference_id=TEXT, reference_temperature_k=number('K', 323.15, 723.15), reference_load_kg=number('kg', 0.325, 21.6),
+                  mass_kg=number('kg', 1e-4, 0.02), bulk_density_kg_m3=number('kg/m^3', 100.0, 3000.0), melt_density_kg_m3=number('kg/m^3', 300.0, 3000.0),
+                  specific_heat_j_kg_k=number('J/(kg*K)', 300.0, 5000.0), initial_temperature_k=number('K', 273.15, 373.15),
+                  melting_low_k=number('K', 273.15, 723.15), melting_high_k=number('K', 273.15, 723.15), latent_heat_j_kg=number('J/kg', 0.0, 3e5),
+                  power_law_index=number('1', 0.2, 1.0), activation_energy_j_mol=number('J/mol', 0.0, 2e5), history_rate_per_s=number('1/s', -0.005, 0.005),
+                  accept_rheology_thermal_density_and_packing_assumptions=BOOL))
+METHOD_EXAMPLE = dict(test_load_kg=2.16, preheat_time_s=300.0, duration_s=240.0, sample_interval_s=0.2, cut_interval_s=10.0,
+                      window_upper_m=0.050, window_lower_m=0.020, temperature_tolerance_k=0.5, automatic_weighing=True)
+METHOD = obj(dict(test_load_kg=number('kg', 0.325, 21.6), preheat_time_s=number('s', 60.0, 3600.0), duration_s=number('s', 1.0, 3600.0),
+                  sample_interval_s=number('s', TIME_RESOLUTION_S, 30.0), cut_interval_s=nullable(number('s', 0.5, 600.0)),
+                  window_upper_m=number('m', 0.005, 0.075), window_lower_m=number('m', 0.005, 0.075), temperature_tolerance_k=number('K', 0.01, 5.0),
+                  automatic_weighing=BOOL))
+BALANCE_EXAMPLE = dict(resolution_kg=1e-7, gain=1.0, offset_kg=0.0, settling_s=4.0, accept_external_balance_proxy=True)
+BALANCE = obj(dict(resolution_kg=number('kg', 1e-9, 1e-3), gain=number('1', 0.5, 1.5), offset_kg=number('kg', -1e-3, 1e-3), settling_s=number('s', 0.01, 120.0),
+                   accept_external_balance_proxy=BOOL))
+CAL_ENCODER = obj(dict(observed_low_m=number('m', -0.01, 0.2), observed_high_m=number('m', -0.01, 0.2), reference_low_m=number('m', 0.0, 0.2), reference_high_m=number('m', 0.0, 0.2)))
+CAL_BALANCE = obj(dict(observed_low_kg=number('kg', -1e-3, 0.2), observed_high_kg=number('kg', -1e-3, 0.2), reference_low_kg=number('kg', 0.0, 0.2), reference_high_kg=number('kg', 0.0, 0.2)))
+ROW = obj(dict(point_index=INT, time_s=number('s'), encoder_position_m=nullable(number('m')), temperature_k=nullable(number('K')),
+               quality=enum(['ok', 'encoder_out_of_range', 'power_off'])))
+SEGMENT = obj(dict(segment_id=TEXT, start_time_s=nullable(number('s')), end_time_s=number('s'), duration_s=nullable(number('s')),
+                   observed_mass_kg=nullable(number('kg')), status=enum(['unweighed', 'weighing', 'weighed']), measurement_segment=BOOL))
+FLOW = obj(dict(mvr_m3_s=nullable(number('m^3/s')), mvr_cm3_10min=nullable(number('cm^3/(10min)')), mfr_kg_s=nullable(number('kg/s')),
+                mfr_g_10min=nullable(number('g/(10min)')), density_at_test_temperature_kg_m3=nullable(number('kg/m^3')),
+                window_positions_m=nullable(array(number('m'), 2, 2)), window_times_s=nullable(array(number('s'), 2, 2)), weighed_segments=INT, evidence=TEXT))
+VALIDITY = enum(['not_completed', 'valid', 'window_not_traversed', 'temperature_out_of_tolerance', 'preheat_below_iso_minimum', 'sample_exhausted', 'cancelled'])
+RESULT = obj(dict(operation_id=nullable(TEXT), phase=PHASE, elapsed_s=number('s'), test_temperature_k=nullable(number('K')), test_load_kg=nullable(number('kg')),
+                  rows=array(ROW), segments=array(SEGMENT, 0, 10000), flow=nullable(FLOW), validity=VALIDITY, terminal_reason=nullable(TEXT),
+                  template_source=nullable(TEXT), evidence=TEXT))
+ANALYSIS = obj(dict(start_position_m=number('m', 0.0, 0.2), end_position_m=number('m', 0.0, 0.2), start_time_s=number('s', 0.0, 1e9), end_time_s=number('s', 0.0, 1e9),
+                    area_prior_m2=number('m^2', 1e-6, 1e-3), weighed_segments=array(obj(dict(mass_kg=number('kg', 0.0, 1.0), duration_s=number('s', TIME_RESOLUTION_S, 1e6))), 0, 10000),
+                    melt_density_prior_kg_m3=nullable(number('kg/m^3', 100.0, 5000.0))))
+ANALYSIS_OUTPUT = obj(dict(mvr_m3_s=number('m^3/s'), mvr_cm3_10min=number('cm^3/(10min)'), mfr_kg_s=nullable(number('kg/s')), mfr_g_10min=nullable(number('g/(10min)')),
+                           density_derived_mfr_kg_s=nullable(number('kg/s')), density_at_test_temperature_kg_m3=nullable(number('kg/m^3')), evidence=TEXT))
+LEDGER_KEYS = ['loaded_mass_kg', 'sample_mass_kg', 'strand_mass_kg', 'segments_mass_kg', 'collected_mass_kg', 'removed_mass_kg', 'extruded_mass_kg', 'mass_residual_kg',
+               'heater_input_j', 'host_work_j', 'loaded_enthalpy_j', 'barrel_thermal_j', 'sample_enthalpy_j', 'load_potential_j', 'ambient_export_j',
+               'extruded_enthalpy_j', 'removed_enthalpy_j', 'friction_heat_j', 'pressure_work_j', 'energy_residual_j']
+LEDGER = obj({k: number('kg' if k.endswith('_kg') else 'J') for k in LEDGER_KEYS})
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- capabilities
+CAPS = {}
+
+
+def cap(k, s, o, e, c, meaning, visibility='agent', kind='device_command'):
+    CAPS[k] = dict(input_schema=s, output_schema=o, example_arguments=e, component_ids=[c], function_zh=meaning, visibility=visibility, kind=kind, effects=[])
+
+
+CONFIGURED = obj(dict(configured=BOOL))
+cap('plant.configure', PLANT, CONFIGURED, PLANT_EXAMPLE, 'heater', '宿主声明炉体热容/散热、加热器上限与PI控温参数、活塞摩擦、手动速度和切刀半圈时间（工程参数，须显式接受）', 'evaluator', 'configuration')
+cap('balance.configure', BALANCE, CONFIGURED, BALANCE_EXAMPLE, 'balance_rs232', '配置外接分析天平代理（分辨率、增益/偏置、稳定时间）；Mflow本身没有内置天平', 'evaluator', 'configuration')
+cap('method.configure', METHOD, CONFIGURED, METHOD_EXAMPLE, 'controller', '设定方法：试验载荷、预热时间、最长采集时间、采样与切断间隔、活塞位移窗口、温度容差、自动称量', 'agent', 'configuration')
+cap('power.set', obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)), obj(dict(enabled=BOOL)), dict(enabled=True), 'power_switch', '开关整机电源；断电停止加热与切刀、取消进行中的采集，已发生的挤出/热量/切段保留')
+cap('thermal.set_temperature', obj(dict(target_k=number('K', *TEMPERATURE_RANGE_K))), obj(dict(target_k=number('K'))), dict(target_k=523.15), 'heater',
+    '只写入料筒目标温度（50–450°C）；实际温度由PI控温随宿主step演化')
+cap('weight.configure', obj(dict(total_load_kg=number('kg', *LOAD_RANGE_KG))), obj(dict(total_load_kg=number('kg'))), dict(total_load_kg=2.16), 'test_weight',
+    '宿主手动在活塞上放/换砝码，设定总试验载荷（含0.325kg活塞，不重复加算）；砝码势能变化计入宿主功', 'evaluator')
+cap('sample.load', SAMPLE, obj(dict(present=BOOL, column_height_m=number('m'))), SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, 'barrel',
+    '宿主经漏斗把颗粒/粉末装入料筒（活塞须已抽出）；绑定厂家MVR参考记录与显式熔体密度/比热/潜热/幂律/活化能/热历史先验', 'evaluator')
+cap('sample.remove', obj({}), obj(dict(removed_mass_kg=number('kg'))), {}, 'barrel', '宿主清筒带走剩余料及其焓；已挤出的挤出丝/切段不受影响', 'evaluator')
+cap('piston.withdraw', obj({}), obj(dict(target_m=number('m'))), {}, 'piston', '宿主以有限速度把活塞（连同砝码）提到料筒口上方；不是气动提升选件', 'evaluator')
+cap('piston.insert', obj({}), obj(dict(target_m=number('m'))), {}, 'piston', '宿主以有限速度放下活塞，直到压在料柱上（或落到口模上）；之后砝码载荷作用于料柱', 'evaluator')
+cap('cutter.cut', obj({}), obj(dict(requested=BOOL)), {}, 'cutter', '切刀转半圈；刀片经过口模下方(π/2)时切断当前挤出丝，形成一个切段（面板“循环”键同此能力）')
+CAPS['cutter.cut']['component_ids'] = ['cutter', 'button_cycle']
+cap('collection.clear', obj({}), obj(dict(collected_mass_kg=number('kg'))), {}, 'collection_tray', '宿主清走收集区全部切段与挂在口模下的挤出丝（称量记录保留）', 'evaluator')
+cap('balance.weigh', obj(dict(segment_id=TEXT)), obj(dict(requested=BOOL)), dict(segment_id='mflow_01:acq:1:segment:2'), 'balance_rs232',
+    '请求外接分析天平称量一个切段；经过稳定时间后按分辨率/标定给出观测质量')
+cap('calibration.encoder', CAL_ENCODER, obj(dict(scale=number('1'), offset_m=number('m'))), dict(observed_low_m=0.010, observed_high_m=0.060, reference_low_m=0.010, reference_high_m=0.060),
+    'displacement_sensor', '用独立长度标准的两点观测修正位移读数（只用宿主给的观测/参考值，不读过程真值）', 'evaluator')
+cap('calibration.balance', CAL_BALANCE, obj(dict(scale=number('1'), offset_kg=number('kg'))), dict(observed_low_kg=0.0, observed_high_kg=0.001, reference_low_kg=0.0, reference_high_kg=0.001),
+    'balance_rs232', '用标准砝码两点观测修正外接天平读数', 'evaluator')
+cap('acquisition.start', obj({}), obj(dict(operation_id=TEXT)), {}, 'button_start',
+    '开始采集：核对通电、方法、试样已装且活塞压在料柱上、载荷与方法一致、预热已满、炉温在容差内；先切一次清除预热期挤出物，再按间隔切段并记录位移/时间/温度')
+cap('acquisition.stop', obj({}), obj(dict(phase=PHASE, elapsed_s=number('s'))), {}, 'button_stop', '只终止记录与后续自动切断；已挤出物、切段和热状态保留，活塞继续在载荷下下降')
+cap('acquisition.result', obj({}), RESULT, {}, 'controller', '返回按观测（量化位移/时间、外部称量）计算的MVR/MFR、切段表与有效性；所有角色都隐去所选材料身份', 'agent', 'query')
+cap('analysis.flow', ANALYSIS, ANALYSIS_OUTPUT, dict(start_position_m=0.050, end_position_m=0.020, start_time_s=0.0, end_time_s=60.0, area_prior_m2=STANDARD_AREA_M2,
+                                                    weighed_segments=[dict(mass_kg=0.0002, duration_s=10.0)], melt_density_prior_kg_m3=None),
+    'controller', 'ISO 1133纯函数分析：MVR=A·Δx/Δt（A为独立面积先验），MFR=Σm/Σt，按需给出密度换算；不读取过程真值', 'agent', 'analysis')
+cap('ledger.read', obj({}), LEDGER, {}, 'controller', '受限质量/能量账本（装料、挤出、清筒、热输入、散热、摩擦、压力功、势能）', 'evaluator', 'query')
+cap('provenance.read', obj({}), obj(dict(current_sample=nullable(TEXT), operation_source=nullable(TEXT))), {}, 'controller', '受限：当前试样与最近采集所用参考记录的来源', 'evaluator', 'query')
+cap('sim.step', obj(dict(dt_s=number('s', 0.0, 86400.0))), obj(dict(time_s=number('s'))), dict(dt_s=0.2), 'controller', '唯一宿主时间推进（纳秒整数时钟，余数累计）', 'evaluator', 'simulation')
+UNSUPPORTED = {
+    'hardware.connect': '无真实Ethernet/RS-232/USB通信或testXpert连接',
+    'robot.load': '无机器人装料、压实与清筒验证',
+    'pneumatic.lift': '未选气动砝码提升单元1128621',
+    'pneumatic.load_selector': '未选带选重器的气动提升单元1128624',
+    'die.plug': '未选口模塞1128618（高MFR防预流）',
+    'die.change': '未建模更换口模；固定标准口模312342（手腕一转解锁口模的动作不在本资产能力内）',
+    'method.astm_c_half_die': '未选半口模325554（ASTM D1238方法C）',
+    'material.fluorinated_or_pvc': '所选料筒1128612与活塞1128614为非含氟材料用；含氟材料需耐酸料筒1128613/活塞1128615，PVC需口模092326（ASTM D3364），均未选。口模312342本身为烧结耐磨耐酸件、厂家列为含氟与非含氟材料通用',
+    'cleaning.pneumatic_function': '未选清洗功能1128622',
+    'preload.function': '未选预热期附加预载1128623',
+    'piston.preheat_hold': '未选预热位活塞保持装置1128627（可在预热期完全卸载熔体、避免提前流出）；本资产预热期由宿主只放活塞0.325kg',
+    'collection.separating_pane': '未选收集单个挤出物的分隔板1128619',
+    'thermal.recool': '未选压缩空气回冷单元090173（厂家：平均缩短约50%冷却时间）；本资产只有自然冷却',
+    'accuracy.certification': '没有ISO 1133-2温度准确度认证、天平计量证书或厂家准确度实验',
+}
+for k, v in UNSUPPORTED.items():
+    cap(k, obj({}), obj({}), {}, 'controller', v)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- state slots
+SLOTS = {}
+
+
+def slot(k, schema, unit, origin, component, meaning, visibility='agent', reference=None):
+    SLOTS[k] = dict(schema=schema, unit=unit, origin=origin, component=component, meaning=meaning, visibility=visibility, reference=reference)
+
+
+slot('clock.time_s', number('s'), 's', 'derived', 'controller', '宿主时钟；read不推进')
+for k, c, m in [('plant.configured', 'heater', '工程过程参数已声明'), ('method.configured', 'controller', '方法已设定'), ('balance.configured', 'balance_rs232', '外接天平代理已配置'),
+                ('sample.present', 'barrel', '料筒内有试样'), ('power.enabled', 'power_switch', '整机通电'), ('piston.contact', 'piston', '活塞压在料柱上（载荷作用于试样）'),
+                ('piston.moving', 'piston', '宿主手动升降进行中'), ('cutter.running', 'cutter', '切刀正在转半圈'), ('balance.busy', 'balance_rs232', '外接天平正在稳定/称量'),
+                ('encoder.in_range', 'displacement_sensor', '活塞在位移传感器量程内（约0–107mm）且通电')]:
+    slot(k, BOOL, '1', 'derived', c, m)
+slot('thermal.target_k', number('K'), 'K', 'setpoint', 'heater', '料筒目标温度，只是目标')
+slot('thermal.indicated_k', nullable(number('K')), 'K', 'sensor', 'heater', '料筒温度显示（0.01K量化）；断电为null；未按ISO 1133-2认证')
+slot('heater.output_fraction', number('1', 0.0, 1.0), '1', 'derived', 'heater', 'PI控温输出占加热器上限的比例', 'evaluator')
+slot('weight.total_load_kg', nullable(number('kg')), 'kg', 'setpoint', 'test_weight', '当前放在活塞上的总载荷（含0.325kg活塞）；未配置为null')
+slot('method.test_load_kg', nullable(number('kg')), 'kg', 'setpoint', 'controller', '方法声明的试验载荷，采集开始时须与实际载荷一致')
+slot('preheat.elapsed_s', nullable(number('s')), 's', 'derived', 'barrel', '装料后经过的时间（预热计时）；无试样为null')
+slot('piston.position_m', number('m', 0.0, PISTON_TRAVEL_M), 'm', 'scene', 'piston', '活塞底面到口模上表面的精确距离（场景关节）；agent须通过位移传感器读数观测', 'evaluator',
+     '资产坐标+Z；0=活塞底落在口模上表面，0.180m=抽出到料筒口。')
+slot('piston.target_m', number('m', 0.0, PISTON_TRAVEL_M), 'm', 'setpoint', 'piston', '宿主最近一次手动升降命令的目标位置（抽出=0.180m，插入=当时料柱高度）；不随挤出更新', 'evaluator')
+slot('sensor_arm.angle_rad', number('rad'), 'rad', 'scene', 'sensor_arm', '位移传感器转臂关节角（0=活塞落在口模上时；滚轮顶住活塞凸环下表面）', 'evaluator',
+     '关节绕水平轴(-√½,-√½,0)；仰角=asin((位置-0.050)/0.140)，超过约0.107m停在上限位。')
+slot('cutter.angle_rad', number('rad', 0.0, CUTTER_TRAVEL_RAD), 'rad', 'scene', 'cutter', '切刀刀片转角；0与π为两侧停位，经过π/2时切断挤出丝', 'evaluator',
+     '绕竖直+Z轴；交替半圈0→π→0。')
+slot('power.angle_rad', number('rad'), 'rad', 'scene', 'power_switch', '后置电源摇臂开关姿态：0关、0.28rad开', 'evaluator')
+slot('extrudate.length_m', number('m'), 'm', 'scene', 'extrudate_strand', '挂在口模下尚未切断的挤出丝长度（体积/口模截面，忽略离模膨胀，仅供可视）', 'evaluator',
+     '沿−Z自口模出口（z=0.228m）向下；可视上限0.150m。')
+slot('extrudate.last_cut_length_m', number('m'), 'm', 'scene', 'extrudate_segment', '最近一个切段的长度（仅供可视，清走收集区后为0）', 'evaluator')
+slot('encoder.position_m', nullable(number('m')), 'm', 'sensor', 'displacement_sensor', '位移传感器读数：活塞位置按0.003mm量化并经两点标定；超量程或断电为null')
+slot('measurement.live_mvr_m3_s', nullable(number('m^3/s')), 'm^3/s', 'sensor', 'controller', '采集中按最近约4s的量化位移×ISO平均截面0.711cm²估算的实时MVR（屏幕Live MVR）；非采集为null',
+     reference='熔体在料筒测试温度下的体积流率（不是23°C固体体积）。')
+slot('measurement.mvr_m3_s', nullable(number('m^3/s')), 'm^3/s', 'sensor', 'controller', '最近一次完成采集的方法B MVR（位移窗口内的量化观测）',
+     reference='熔体在料筒测试温度下的体积流率；×6e8=cm³/10min。')
+slot('measurement.mfr_kg_s', nullable(number('kg/s')), 'kg/s', 'sensor', 'controller', '最近一次采集的方法A MFR（已称量测量切段Σm/Σt）；未称量为null',
+     reference='质量流率；×6e5=g/10min。')
+slot('measurement.validity', VALIDITY, '1', 'derived', 'controller', '最近一次采集的有效性')
+slot('acquisition.phase', PHASE, '1', 'derived', 'controller', '采集状态；停止记录不等于停止挤出')
+slot('acquisition.elapsed_s', number('s'), 's', 'derived', 'controller', '当前/最近一次采集的经过时间')
+slot('acquisition.points', INT, '1', 'derived', 'controller', '当前/最近一次采集的记录点数')
+slot('segments.count', INT, '1', 'derived', 'collection_tray', '收集区内切段数（含清除预热挤出物的首段）')
+slot('segments.unweighed', INT, '1', 'derived', 'collection_tray', '尚未称量的测量切段数')
+for k, u, c, m, ref in [('truth.barrel_temperature_k', 'K', 'heater', '料筒/炉体集中热节点真温', None),
+                        ('truth.sample_temperature_k', 'K', 'barrel', '由焓反演的试样平均温度', None),
+                        ('truth.melt_fraction', '1', 'barrel', '熔融分数（熔程内线性）', None),
+                        ('truth.pellet_fraction', '1', 'barrel', '尚未熔实的颗粒质量份额（只减不增；按堆积密度占体积）', None),
+                        ('truth.sample_mass_kg', 'kg', 'barrel', '料筒内剩余试样质量', None),
+                        ('truth.flow_m3_s', 'm^3/s', 'die', '口模真实体积流率（显式流动代理，不作独立测量）', '熔体在试样温度下的体积流率。'),
+                        ('truth.thermal_history_s', 's', 'barrel', '试样高于熔融起点的累计时间', None),
+                        ('truth.strand_mass_kg', 'kg', 'extrudate_strand', '挂在口模下的挤出丝质量', None),
+                        ('truth.heater_power_w', 'W', 'heater', '加热器瞬时功率', None)]:
+    slot(k, number(u), u, 'process_truth', c, m, 'evaluator', ref)
+
+
+def analyze_flow(start_position_m, end_position_m, start_time_s, end_time_s, area_prior_m2, weighed_segments, melt_density_prior_kg_m3):
+    """ISO 1133 arithmetic on external observations only (pure function)."""
+    if end_time_s <= start_time_s or start_position_m <= end_position_m:
+        raise ActionRejected('OBSERVATION_DOMAIN')
+    q = (start_position_m - end_position_m) * area_prior_m2 / (end_time_s - start_time_s)
+    total_t = sum(r['duration_s'] for r in weighed_segments)
+    mf = sum(r['mass_kg'] for r in weighed_segments) / total_t if weighed_segments else None
+    return dict(mvr_m3_s=q, mvr_cm3_10min=q * 6e8, mfr_kg_s=mf, mfr_g_10min=None if mf is None else mf * 6e5,
+                density_derived_mfr_kg_s=None if melt_density_prior_kg_m3 is None else q * melt_density_prior_kg_m3,
+                density_at_test_temperature_kg_m3=None if mf is None else mf / q,
+                evidence='ISO1133 method B: area_prior*dx/dt from supplied quantised positions/times; method A: sum(m)/sum(t) of supplied weighings; '
+                         'density conversion only with a supplied melt density at test temperature')
+
+
+HISTORY_LN_LIMIT = math.log(1e3)                 # thermal-history multiplier bounded to 1e-3 .. 1e3 (numerical domain)
+MAX_ROWS = 200000                                # rows per acquisition (duration / sample interval + 1 must stay below)
+MAX_SEGMENTS = 10000                             # segments per acquisition (RESULT schema maxItems); manual cuts share the budget
+
+
+class ZwickMflowRuntime:
+    """One Mflow instance; the host clock is the only time source (``step``)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, instance_id='mflow_01'):
+        self.instance_id = instance_id
+        self.time_ns = 0
+        self._clock_remainder_ns = 0.0
+        self.revision = 0
+        self.plant = None
+        self.method = None
+        self.balance = None
+        self.power = False
+        self.target_k = 296.15
+        self.T_b = 296.15
+        self.integral_w = 0.0
+        self.heater_w = 0.0
+        self.load_kg = None
+        # piston: position = height of the piston bottom above the die top
+        self.x = PISTON_TRAVEL_M
+        self.x_target = PISTON_TRAVEL_M
+        self.contact = False
+        self._move = None          # dict(start_ns, x0, direction, speed, insert)
+        # charge
+        self.sample = None
+        self.reference = None
+        self.reference_cell = None
+        self.source = None
+        self.m_s = 0.0
+        self.H_s = 0.0
+        self.m_loaded = 0.0
+        self.pellet = 0.0
+        self.t_hist = 0.0
+        self.load_ns = None
+        self.q_true = 0.0
+        # extrudate / cutter / balance
+        self.strand_kg = 0.0
+        self.strand_m3 = 0.0
+        self.segments = []         # segments currently lying in the collection area
+        self._segment_counter = 0
+        self.last_cut_length = 0.0
+        self.cutter_angle = 0.0
+        self._cut = None           # dict(start_ns, mid_ns, end_ns, a0, a1, severed, auto)
+        self._weigh_queue = []
+        self._weighing = None      # dict(segment_id, end_ns)
+        self.encoder_cal = (1.0, 0.0)
+        self.balance_cal = (1.0, 0.0)
+        # acquisitions: each keeps its own method snapshot, rows and segments, so later clears / method changes /
+        # weighings of other segments never rewrite a finished record
+        self.phase = 'idle'
+        self.operation_id = None
+        self.elapsed = 0.0
+        self.rows = []
+        self._counter = 0
+        self.terminal_reason = None
+        self._operation_source = None
+        self._acq = None
+        self._acqs = {}
+        self.validity = 'not_completed'
+        self.flow_result = None
+        self.last_mvr = None
+        self.last_mfr = None
+        self.records = {}
+        self._principals = {}
+        self._requests = {}
+        self._owners = {}
+        self._cancel_operations = {}
+        self.book = {k: 0.0 for k in ['loaded_mass_kg', 'collected_mass_kg', 'removed_mass_kg', 'heater_input_j', 'host_work_j', 'loaded_enthalpy_j',
+                                      'ambient_export_j', 'extruded_enthalpy_j', 'removed_enthalpy_j', 'friction_heat_j', 'pressure_work_j']}
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ helpers
+    @property
+    def time_s(self):
+        return self.time_ns / 1e9
+
+    def register_principal(self, name, visibility):
+        if not isinstance(name, str) or not name or visibility not in ('agent', 'evaluator', 'debug') or name in self._principals:
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        self._principals[name] = visibility
+
+    def session(self, name):
+        if not isinstance(name, str) or name not in self._principals:
+            raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return ZwickMflowSession(self, name)
+
+    def _ambient(self):
+        return self.plant['ambient_k'] if self.plant else 296.15
+
+    def _phi_of_T(self, T):
+        """Latent fraction used by the equilibrium enthalpy h(T) (a zero-width range melts completely at T >= T_lo)."""
+        s = self.sample
+        lo, hi = s['melting_low_k'], s['melting_high_k']
+        if hi <= lo:
+            return 1.0 if T >= lo else 0.0
+        return min(1.0, max(0.0, (T - lo) / (hi - lo)))
+
+    def _h_of_T(self, T):
+        s = self.sample
+        return s['specific_heat_j_kg_k'] * (T - self._ambient()) + s['latent_heat_j_kg'] * self._phi_of_T(T)
+
+    def _phase_of_h(self, h):
+        """Exact inverse of the piecewise-linear specific enthalpy -> (temperature, melt fraction).
+
+        The melt fraction comes from the enthalpy, so a zero-width melting range still needs the whole latent heat."""
+        s = self.sample
+        cp, L, lo, hi, Ta = s['specific_heat_j_kg_k'], s['latent_heat_j_kg'], s['melting_low_k'], s['melting_high_k'], self._ambient()
+        h_lo = cp * (lo - Ta)
+        h_hi = cp * (hi - Ta) + L
+        if h <= h_lo:
+            return Ta + h / cp, 0.0
+        if h >= h_hi:
+            return Ta + (h - L) / cp, 1.0
+        frac = (h - h_lo) / (h_hi - h_lo)
+        return lo + frac * (hi - lo), frac
+
+    def _sample_state(self):
+        if not self.sample or self.m_s <= 0:
+            return self._ambient(), 0.0
+        return self._phase_of_h(self.H_s / self.m_s)
+
+    def _sample_T(self):
+        return self._sample_state()[0]
+
+    def _phi(self):
+        return self._sample_state()[1]
+
+    def _column_height(self):
+        if not self.sample or self.m_s <= 0:
+            return 0.0
+        s = self.sample
+        return self.m_s * (self.pellet / s['bulk_density_kg_m3'] + (1.0 - self.pellet) / s['melt_density_kg_m3']) / STANDARD_AREA_M2
+
+    def _load_mass(self):
+        return PISTON_LOAD_KG if self.load_kg is None else self.load_kg
+
+    def _flow(self, T, phi):
+        """True melt volume flow through the die (m^3/s) for the loaded, contacting piston."""
+        if not (self.sample and self.contact and self.m_s > 0):
+            return 0.0
+        s, ref = self.sample, self.reference_cell
+        force = self._load_mass() * GRAVITY - self.plant['piston_friction_n']
+        if force <= 0:
+            return 0.0
+        n = s['power_law_index']
+        history = max(-HISTORY_LN_LIMIT, min(HISTORY_LN_LIMIT, s['history_rate_per_s'] * self.t_hist))
+        return (ref['mvr_m3_s'] * (force / (s['reference_load_kg'] * GRAVITY)) ** (1.0 / n)
+                * math.exp(-(s['activation_energy_j_mol'] / (n * GAS_CONSTANT)) * (1.0 / T - 1.0 / s['reference_temperature_k']))
+                * math.exp(history) * phi ** 3)
+
+    def _encoder(self):
+        if not self.power or not (SENSOR_RANGE_M[0] <= self.x <= SENSOR_RANGE_M[1]):
+            return None
+        scale, offset = self.encoder_cal
+        return quantize(scale * self.x + offset, ENCODER_RESOLUTION_M)
+
+    def _indicated_T(self):
+        return quantize(self.T_b, TEMPERATURE_DISPLAY_RESOLUTION_K) if self.power else None
+
+    def _live_mvr(self):
+        if self.phase != 'running' or not self.power:
+            return None
+        pts = [r for r in self.rows if r['encoder_position_m'] is not None]
+        if len(pts) < 2:
+            return None
+        last = pts[-1]
+        first = next((r for r in pts if last['time_s'] - r['time_s'] <= LIVE_MVR_WINDOW_S + 1e-9), None)
+        if first is None or last['time_s'] <= first['time_s']:
+            return None
+        return max(0.0, (first['encoder_position_m'] - last['encoder_position_m']) * STANDARD_AREA_M2 / (last['time_s'] - first['time_s']))
+
+    def _obs_time(self, t_ns, acq=None):
+        return quantize((t_ns - acq['start_ns']) / 1e9, TIME_RESOLUTION_S) if acq else quantize(t_ns / 1e9, TIME_RESOLUTION_S)
+
+    def read(self, visibility='agent'):
+        T_s, phi = self._sample_state()
+        d = {'clock.time_s': self.time_s, 'plant.configured': self.plant is not None, 'method.configured': self.method is not None,
+             'balance.configured': self.balance is not None, 'sample.present': self.sample is not None, 'power.enabled': self.power,
+             'piston.contact': self.contact, 'piston.moving': self._move is not None, 'cutter.running': self._cut is not None,
+             'balance.busy': self._weighing is not None, 'encoder.in_range': self._encoder() is not None,
+             'thermal.target_k': self.target_k, 'thermal.indicated_k': self._indicated_T(),
+             'heater.output_fraction': self.heater_w / self.plant['heater_max_w'] if self.plant else 0.0,
+             'weight.total_load_kg': self.load_kg, 'method.test_load_kg': self.method['test_load_kg'] if self.method else None,
+             'preheat.elapsed_s': None if self.load_ns is None else (self.time_ns - self.load_ns) / 1e9,
+             'piston.position_m': self.x, 'piston.target_m': self.x_target, 'sensor_arm.angle_rad': sensor_arm_angle(self.x),
+             'cutter.angle_rad': self.cutter_angle, 'power.angle_rad': POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD if self.power else 0.0,
+             'extrudate.length_m': self.strand_m3 / DIE_AREA_M2, 'extrudate.last_cut_length_m': self.last_cut_length,
+             'encoder.position_m': self._encoder(), 'measurement.live_mvr_m3_s': self._live_mvr(),
+             'measurement.mvr_m3_s': self.last_mvr, 'measurement.mfr_kg_s': self.last_mfr, 'measurement.validity': self.validity,
+             'acquisition.phase': self.phase, 'acquisition.elapsed_s': self.elapsed, 'acquisition.points': len(self.rows),
+             'segments.count': len(self.segments), 'segments.unweighed': sum(1 for g in self.segments if g['measurement_segment'] and g['status'] != 'weighed'),
+             'truth.barrel_temperature_k': self.T_b, 'truth.sample_temperature_k': T_s, 'truth.melt_fraction': phi,
+             'truth.pellet_fraction': self.pellet, 'truth.sample_mass_kg': self.m_s, 'truth.flow_m3_s': self.q_true,
+             'truth.thermal_history_s': self.t_hist, 'truth.strand_mass_kg': self.strand_kg, 'truth.heater_power_w': self.heater_w}
+        return {k: copy.deepcopy(v) for k, v in d.items() if visibility != 'agent' or SLOTS[k]['visibility'] == 'agent'}
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        b = copy.deepcopy(self.book)
+        seg_mass = sum(g['true_mass_kg'] for g in self.segments)
+        b.update(sample_mass_kg=self.m_s, strand_mass_kg=self.strand_kg, segments_mass_kg=seg_mass,
+                 extruded_mass_kg=self.strand_kg + seg_mass + self.book['collected_mass_kg'],
+                 barrel_thermal_j=(self.plant['barrel_heat_capacity_j_k'] * (self.T_b - self._ambient())) if self.plant else 0.0,
+                 sample_enthalpy_j=self.H_s, load_potential_j=self._load_mass() * GRAVITY * self.x)
+        b['mass_residual_kg'] = b['loaded_mass_kg'] - self.m_s - self.strand_kg - seg_mass - b['collected_mass_kg'] - b['removed_mass_kg']
+        b['energy_residual_j'] = (b['heater_input_j'] + b['host_work_j'] + b['loaded_enthalpy_j'] - b['barrel_thermal_j'] - b['sample_enthalpy_j']
+                                  - (b['load_potential_j'] - self._potential0) - b['ambient_export_j'] - b['extruded_enthalpy_j'] - b['removed_enthalpy_j'])
+        return b
+
+    _potential0 = PISTON_LOAD_KG * GRAVITY * PISTON_TRAVEL_M
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ acquisition bookkeeping
+    def _record(self, t_ns):
+        enc = self._encoder()
+        quality = 'power_off' if not self.power else 'ok' if enc is not None else 'encoder_out_of_range'
+        self.rows.append(dict(point_index=len(self.rows), time_s=self._obs_time(t_ns, self._acq), encoder_position_m=enc, temperature_k=self._indicated_T(), quality=quality))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _public_segments(segments):
+        return [dict(segment_id=g['segment_id'], start_time_s=g['start_obs_s'], end_time_s=g['end_obs_s'],
+                     duration_s=None if g['start_obs_s'] is None else quantize(g['end_obs_s'] - g['start_obs_s'], TIME_RESOLUTION_S),
+                     observed_mass_kg=g['observed_mass_kg'], status=g['status'], measurement_segment=g['measurement_segment']) for g in segments]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _compute_flow(acq):
+        """Method B from the acquisition's own rows and window; method A from its own weighed measurement segments."""
+        m = acq['method']
+        pts = [r for r in acq['rows'] if r['encoder_position_m'] is not None and r['quality'] == 'ok']
+        inside = [r for r in pts if m['window_lower_m'] - 1e-12 <= r['encoder_position_m'] <= m['window_upper_m'] + 1e-12]
+        mvr = None
+        window = None
+        if len(inside) >= 2 and inside[0]['encoder_position_m'] > inside[-1]['encoder_position_m'] and inside[-1]['time_s'] > inside[0]['time_s']:
+            a, b = inside[0], inside[-1]
+            mvr = (a['encoder_position_m'] - b['encoder_position_m']) * STANDARD_AREA_M2 / (b['time_s'] - a['time_s'])
+            window = ([a['encoder_position_m'], b['encoder_position_m']], [a['time_s'], b['time_s']])
+        weighed = [g for g in acq['segments'] if g['measurement_segment'] and g['status'] == 'weighed']
+        mfr = None
+        if weighed:
+            mfr = sum(g['observed_mass_kg'] for g in weighed) / sum(quantize(g['end_obs_s'] - g['start_obs_s'], TIME_RESOLUTION_S) for g in weighed)
+        if mvr is None and mfr is None:
+            return None
+        return dict(mvr_m3_s=mvr, mvr_cm3_10min=None if mvr is None else mvr * 6e8, mfr_kg_s=mfr, mfr_g_10min=None if mfr is None else mfr * 6e5,
+                    density_at_test_temperature_kg_m3=None if (mvr is None or mfr is None or mvr <= 0) else mfr / mvr,
+                    window_positions_m=None if window is None else window[0], window_times_s=None if window is None else window[1], weighed_segments=len(weighed),
+                    evidence='method B: ISO mean area 0.711 cm^2 x quantised encoder displacement / quantised time inside the window of the method used for this run; '
+                             'method A: externally weighed measurement segments of this run / their quantised cut interval')
+
+    def _result_of(self, acq):
+        return dict(operation_id=acq['op'], phase=acq['phase'], elapsed_s=acq['elapsed'], test_temperature_k=acq['target_k'], test_load_kg=acq['load_kg'],
+                    rows=copy.deepcopy(acq['rows']), segments=self._public_segments(acq['segments']),
+                    flow=copy.deepcopy(acq['flow']) if acq['phase'] != 'running' else None, validity=acq['validity'], terminal_reason=acq['terminal_reason'],
+                    template_source=acq['source'],
+                    evidence='synthetic_forward_model; quantised encoder/time/temperature observations and external weighings; manufacturer MVR scalar '
+                             'transferred with explicit rheology/thermal/density priors; not native Mflow data')
+
+    def _result(self):
+        if self._acq is None:
+            return dict(operation_id=None, phase='idle', elapsed_s=0.0, test_temperature_k=None, test_load_kg=None, rows=[], segments=[], flow=None,
+                        validity='not_completed', terminal_reason=None, template_source=None, evidence='no_measurement')
+        if self._acq['phase'] == 'running':
+            return self._result_of(self._acq)
+        return copy.deepcopy(self.records[self._acq['op']])
+
+    def _finish(self, phase, reason):
+        acq = self._acq
+        method = acq['method']
+        if phase == 'cancelled':
+            validity = 'cancelled'
+        elif reason == 'SAMPLE_EXHAUSTED':
+            validity = 'sample_exhausted'
+        elif not acq['window_traversed']:
+            validity = 'window_not_traversed'
+        elif acq['temperature_excursion']:
+            validity = 'temperature_out_of_tolerance'
+        elif method['preheat_time_s'] < 300.0:
+            validity = 'preheat_below_iso_minimum'
+        else:
+            validity = 'valid'
+        acq.update(phase=phase, terminal_reason=reason, validity=validity, end_ns=self.time_ns, elapsed=self.elapsed)
+        acq['flow'] = self._compute_flow(acq)
+        self.phase, self.terminal_reason, self.validity, self.flow_result = phase, reason, validity, acq['flow']
+        ok = acq['flow'] is not None and validity == 'valid'
+        self.last_mvr = acq['flow']['mvr_m3_s'] if ok else None
+        self.last_mfr = acq['flow']['mfr_kg_s'] if ok else None
+        self.records[acq['op']] = self._result_of(acq)
+
+    def _refresh_record(self, op):
+        """A weighing that finishes after its run updates only that run's record (masses only, same method snapshot)."""
+        acq = self._acqs.get(op)
+        if acq is None or acq['phase'] == 'running':
+            return
+        acq['flow'] = self._compute_flow(acq)
+        self.records[op] = self._result_of(acq)
+        if op == self.operation_id:
+            self.flow_result = acq['flow']
+            if acq['validity'] == 'valid' and acq['flow'] is not None:
+                self.last_mfr = acq['flow']['mfr_kg_s']
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ cutter and balance
+    def _start_cut(self, auto):
+        """Blade moves from where it stands to the far rest (0 or pi); the strand is severed where the path crosses pi/2."""
+        a0 = self.cutter_angle
+        a1 = CUTTER_TRAVEL_RAD if a0 < CUTTER_TRAVEL_RAD / 2 else 0.0
+        duration = max(1, round(self.plant['cutter_half_turn_s'] * 1e9 * abs(a1 - a0) / CUTTER_TRAVEL_RAD))
+        frac = (CUTTER_TRAVEL_RAD / 2 - a0) / (a1 - a0)
+        self._cut = dict(start_ns=self.time_ns, mid_ns=self.time_ns + round(frac * duration), end_ns=self.time_ns + duration, a0=a0, a1=a1, severed=False, auto=auto)
+
+    def _sever(self, t_ns):
+        """Blade crosses pi/2: the hanging strand becomes a segment."""
+        acq = self._acq if self.phase == 'running' else None
+        if acq is not None:
+            acq['cuts'] += 1
+        op = acq['op'] if acq is not None else 'manual'
+        start_obs = acq['last_cut_obs'] if acq is not None else None
+        end_obs = self._obs_time(t_ns, acq)
+        measurement = acq is not None and acq['cuts'] >= 2
+        if self.strand_kg > 0 or acq is not None:
+            self._segment_counter += 1
+            seg = dict(segment_id=f'{op}:segment:{self._segment_counter}', operation_id=op, true_mass_kg=self.strand_kg, true_volume_m3=self.strand_m3,
+                       start_obs_s=start_obs if measurement else None, end_obs_s=end_obs, observed_mass_kg=None, status='unweighed',
+                       measurement_segment=measurement)
+            self.segments.append(seg)
+            if acq is not None:
+                acq['segments'].append(seg)
+            self.last_cut_length = self.strand_m3 / DIE_AREA_M2
+            if measurement and acq['method']['automatic_weighing'] and self.balance is not None:
+                self._weigh_queue.append(seg['segment_id'])
+                self._start_next_weighing()
+        self.strand_kg = 0.0
+        self.strand_m3 = 0.0
+        if acq is not None:
+            acq['last_cut_obs'] = end_obs
+
+    def _start_next_weighing(self):
+        if self._weighing is None and self._weigh_queue and self.balance is not None:
+            sid = self._weigh_queue.pop(0)
+            seg = next(g for g in self.segments if g['segment_id'] == sid)
+            seg['status'] = 'weighing'
+            self._weighing = dict(segment_id=sid, end_ns=self.time_ns + max(1, round(self.balance['settling_s'] * 1e9)))
+
+    def _complete_weighing(self):
+        w = self._weighing
+        self._weighing = None
+        seg = next((g for g in self.segments if g['segment_id'] == w['segment_id']), None)
+        if seg is not None:
+            b = self.balance
+            scale, offset = self.balance_cal
+            raw = quantize(b['gain'] * seg['true_mass_kg'] + b['offset_kg'], b['resolution_kg'])
+            seg['observed_mass_kg'] = scale * raw + offset
+            seg['status'] = 'weighed'
+            self._refresh_record(seg['operation_id'])
+        self._start_next_weighing()
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ commands
+    def invoke(self, capability_id, **arguments):
+        if capability_id not in CAPS:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'], arguments)
+        k = capability_id
+        a = copy.deepcopy(arguments)
+        if k in UNSUPPORTED:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNSUPPORTED')
+        if k == 'acquisition.result':
+            return self._result()
+        if k == 'ledger.read':
+            return self.ledger()
+        if k == 'provenance.read':
+            return dict(current_sample=self.source, operation_source=self._operation_source)
+        if k == 'analysis.flow':
+            return analyze_flow(**a)
+        if k == 'sim.step':
+            self.step(a['dt_s'])
+            return dict(time_s=self.time_s)
+        if self.phase == 'running' and k not in ('acquisition.stop', 'power.set', 'balance.weigh', 'thermal.set_temperature', 'cutter.cut'):
+            raise ActionRejected('BUSY')
+        if k == 'plant.configure':
+            if self.plant is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_ALREADY_CONFIGURED')
+            if not a['accept_engineering']:
+                raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            if a['barrel_heat_capacity_j_k'] / (a['controller_gain_w_k'] + a['barrel_loss_w_k']) < 5 * MAX_SUBSTEP_S:
+                raise ActionRejected('THERMAL_TIME_CONSTANT_OUTSIDE_NUMERICAL_DOMAIN')
+            self.plant = a
+            self.T_b = a['ambient_k']
+            self.target_k = max(TEMPERATURE_RANGE_K[0], a['ambient_k'])
+            out = dict(configured=True)
+        elif k == 'balance.configure':
+            if not a['accept_external_balance_proxy']:
+                raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            if self._weighing is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('BALANCE_BUSY')
+            self.balance = a
+            out = dict(configured=True)
+        elif k == 'method.configure':
+            if a['window_upper_m'] <= a['window_lower_m']:
+                raise ActionRejected('INVALID_WINDOW')
+            nanos = a['sample_interval_s'] / TIME_RESOLUTION_S
+            if abs(nanos - round(nanos)) > 1e-6:
+                raise ActionRejected('SAMPLING_NOT_ON_TIME_BASE')
+            if a['duration_s'] / a['sample_interval_s'] + 2 > MAX_ROWS:
+                raise ActionRejected('TOO_MANY_SAMPLES')
+            self.method = a
+            out = dict(configured=True)
+        elif k == 'power.set':
+            if self.plant is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if not a['enabled']:
+                if self.phase == 'running':
+                    self._finish('cancelled', 'POWER_OFF')
+                if self._cut is not None:
+                    self._cut = None       # blade stops where it is; an uncrossed turn does not cut
+                self.heater_w = 0.0
+                self.integral_w = 0.0
+            self.power = a['enabled']
+            out = dict(enabled=self.power)
+        elif k == 'thermal.set_temperature':
+            if self.plant is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            self.target_k = a['target_k']
+            out = dict(target_k=self.target_k)
+        elif k == 'weight.configure':
+            if self.plant is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if self._move is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PISTON_MOVING')
+            old = self._load_mass()
+            self.load_kg = a['total_load_kg']
+            self.book['host_work_j'] += (self._load_mass() - old) * GRAVITY * self.x
+            out = dict(total_load_kg=self.load_kg)
+        elif k == 'sample.load':
+            if self.plant is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if self.sample is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('SAMPLE_PRESENT')
+            if self._move is not None or self.x < PISTON_TRAVEL_M - 1e-12:
+                raise ActionRejected('PISTON_NOT_WITHDRAWN')
+            if not a['accept_rheology_thermal_density_and_packing_assumptions']:
+                raise ActionRejected('ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED')
+            if a['melting_high_k'] < a['melting_low_k']:
+                raise ActionRejected('INVALID_MELTING_RANGE')
+            if a['bulk_density_kg_m3'] > a['melt_density_kg_m3']:
+                raise ActionRejected('BULK_DENSITY_EXCEEDS_MELT_DENSITY')
+            ref = library().get(a['reference_id'])
+            if ref is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_REFERENCE')
+            cell = next((m for m in ref['measurements'] if m.get('mvr_m3_s') is not None
+                         and abs(m['reference_temperature_K'] - a['reference_temperature_k']) < 1e-6 and abs(m['reference_load_kg'] - a['reference_load_kg']) < 1e-9), None)
+            if cell is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('NO_NUMERIC_REFERENCE_AT_CONDITION')
+            height = a['mass_kg'] / (a['bulk_density_kg_m3'] * STANDARD_AREA_M2)
+            if height > BARREL_LENGTH_M:
+                raise ActionRejected('CHARGE_EXCEEDS_BARREL')
+            self.sample = a
+            self.reference = ref
+            self.reference_cell = cell
+            self.source = json.dumps(dict(reference_id=a['reference_id'], grade=ref.get('grade'), condition=[cell['reference_temperature_K'], cell['reference_load_kg']],
+                                          mvr_m3_s=cell['mvr_m3_s'], source=cell.get('source', {}).get('publication')), sort_keys=True, ensure_ascii=False)
+            self.m_s = a['mass_kg']
+            self.m_loaded = a['mass_kg']
+            self.pellet = 1.0
+            self.t_hist = 0.0
+            self.H_s = a['mass_kg'] * self._h_of_T(a['initial_temperature_k'])
+            self.book['loaded_mass_kg'] += a['mass_kg']
+            self.book['loaded_enthalpy_j'] += self.H_s
+            self.load_ns = self.time_ns
+            out = dict(present=True, column_height_m=height)
+        elif k == 'sample.remove':
+            if self.sample is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('NO_SAMPLE')
+            if self._move is not None or self.x < PISTON_TRAVEL_M - 1e-12:
+                raise ActionRejected('PISTON_NOT_WITHDRAWN')
+            removed = self.m_s
+            self.book['removed_mass_kg'] += removed
+            self.book['removed_enthalpy_j'] += self.H_s
+            self.m_s = 0.0
+            self.H_s = 0.0
+            self.sample = self.reference = self.reference_cell = self.source = None
+            self.pellet = 0.0
+            self.t_hist = 0.0
+            self.load_ns = None
+            out = dict(removed_mass_kg=removed)
+        elif k in ('piston.withdraw', 'piston.insert'):
+            if self.plant is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+            if self._move is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PISTON_MOVING')
+            if k == 'piston.withdraw':
+                target = PISTON_TRAVEL_M
+                self.contact = False
+            else:
+                if self.contact:
+                    raise ActionRejected('ALREADY_IN_CONTACT')
+                target = max(self._column_height(), 0.0)
+            self.x_target = target
+            if abs(target - self.x) > 1e-12:
+                self._move = dict(start_ns=self.time_ns, x0=self.x, direction=1.0 if target > self.x else -1.0, speed=self.plant['manual_piston_speed_m_s'], insert=k == 'piston.insert')
+            elif k == 'piston.insert':
+                self.contact = True
+            out = dict(target_m=target)
+        elif k == 'cutter.cut':
+            if not self.power:
+                raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            if self._cut is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('CUTTER_BUSY')
+            if self.phase == 'running':
+                if self._acq['manual_cuts'] >= self._acq['manual_cut_budget']:
+                    raise ActionRejected('TOO_MANY_SEGMENTS')
+                self._acq['manual_cuts'] += 1
+            self._start_cut(auto=False)
+            out = dict(requested=True)
+        elif k == 'collection.clear':
+            if self._weighing is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('BALANCE_BUSY')
+            collected = self.strand_kg + sum(g['true_mass_kg'] for g in self.segments)
+            self.book['collected_mass_kg'] += collected
+            self.strand_kg = self.strand_m3 = 0.0
+            self.segments = []
+            self._weigh_queue = []
+            self.last_cut_length = 0.0
+            out = dict(collected_mass_kg=collected)
+        elif k == 'balance.weigh':
+            if self.balance is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('BALANCE_REQUIRED')
+            seg = next((g for g in self.segments if g['segment_id'] == a['segment_id']), None)
+            if seg is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_SEGMENT')
+            if seg['status'] != 'unweighed' or a['segment_id'] in self._weigh_queue:
+                raise ActionRejected('SEGMENT_ALREADY_WEIGHED_OR_QUEUED')
+            self._weigh_queue.append(a['segment_id'])
+            self._start_next_weighing()
+            out = dict(requested=True)
+        elif k == 'calibration.encoder':
+            if a['observed_high_m'] - a['observed_low_m'] <= 1e-6 or a['reference_high_m'] - a['reference_low_m'] <= 1e-6:
+                raise ActionRejected('DEGENERATE_CALIBRATION')
+            # observed readings were taken with the current correction: compose the new correction on top
+            s_old, o_old = self.encoder_cal
+            gain = (a['reference_high_m'] - a['reference_low_m']) / (a['observed_high_m'] - a['observed_low_m'])
+            off = a['reference_low_m'] - gain * a['observed_low_m']
+            self.encoder_cal = (gain * s_old, gain * o_old + off)
+            out = dict(scale=self.encoder_cal[0], offset_m=self.encoder_cal[1])
+        elif k == 'calibration.balance':
+            if a['observed_high_kg'] - a['observed_low_kg'] <= 1e-9 or a['reference_high_kg'] - a['reference_low_kg'] <= 1e-9:
+                raise ActionRejected('DEGENERATE_CALIBRATION')
+            s_old, o_old = self.balance_cal
+            gain = (a['reference_high_kg'] - a['reference_low_kg']) / (a['observed_high_kg'] - a['observed_low_kg'])
+            off = a['reference_low_kg'] - gain * a['observed_low_kg']
+            self.balance_cal = (gain * s_old, gain * o_old + off)
+            out = dict(scale=self.balance_cal[0], offset_kg=self.balance_cal[1])
+        elif k == 'acquisition.start':
+            if not self.power:
+                raise ActionRejected('POWER_OFF')
+            if self.plant is None or self.method is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('CONFIGURATION_REQUIRED')
+            if self.sample is None:
+                raise ActionRejected('NO_SAMPLE')
+            if not self.contact or self._move is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('PISTON_NOT_ON_CHARGE')
+            if self.load_kg is None or abs(self.load_kg - self.method['test_load_kg']) > 1e-9:
+                raise ActionRejected('LOAD_MISMATCH')
+            if (self.time_ns - self.load_ns) / 1e9 < self.method['preheat_time_s'] - 1e-9:
+                raise ActionRejected('PREHEAT_NOT_COMPLETE')
+            if abs(self._indicated_T() - self.target_k) > self.method['temperature_tolerance_k'] + 1e-9:
+                raise ActionRejected('TEMPERATURE_NOT_STABLE')
+            if self._cut is not None:
+                raise ActionRejected('CUTTER_BUSY')
+            ci = self.method['cut_interval_s']
+            if ci is not None and ci < 1.5 * self.plant['cutter_half_turn_s']:
+                raise ActionRejected('CUT_INTERVAL_TOO_SHORT')
+            self._counter += 1
+            self.operation_id = f'{self.instance_id}:acq:{self._counter}'
+            self.phase = 'running'
+            self.elapsed = 0.0
+            self.terminal_reason = None
+            self.validity = 'not_completed'
+            self.flow_result = None
+            self._operation_source = self.source
+            period = round(self.method['sample_interval_s'] * 1e9)
+            self._acq = dict(op=self.operation_id, method=copy.deepcopy(self.method), rows=[], segments=[], phase='running', validity='not_completed',
+                             terminal_reason=None, flow=None, elapsed=0.0, source=self.source, start_ns=self.time_ns,
+                             end_limit_ns=self.time_ns + round(self.method['duration_s'] * 1e9), period_ns=period,
+                             next_sample_ns=self.time_ns + period, next_cut_ns=None if ci is None else self.time_ns + round(ci * 1e9),
+                             cuts=0, last_cut_obs=None, window_traversed=False, temperature_excursion=False, target_k=self.target_k, load_kg=self.load_kg, end_ns=None)
+            auto_cuts = 0 if ci is None else int(self.method['duration_s'] // ci) + 2
+            self._acq.update(manual_cut_budget=MAX_SEGMENTS - auto_cuts, manual_cuts=0)
+            self._acqs[self.operation_id] = self._acq
+            self.rows = self._acq['rows']
+            self._record(self.time_ns)
+            if ci is not None:
+                self._start_cut(auto=True)     # trim cut: removes what flowed during the preheat
+            out = dict(operation_id=self.operation_id)
+        elif k == 'acquisition.stop':
+            if self.phase != 'running':
+                raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+            self._finish('cancelled', 'USER_CANCEL')
+            out = dict(phase=self.phase, elapsed_s=self.elapsed)
+        else:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+        self.revision += 1
+        return copy.deepcopy(out)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ time integration
+    def _next_events(self, end):
+        ev = [end, self.time_ns + round(MAX_SUBSTEP_S * 1e9)]
+        if self._move is not None:
+            m = self._move
+            dist = abs(self.x_target - m['x0'])
+            ev.append(m['start_ns'] + max(1, math.ceil(dist / m['speed'] * 1e9)))
+        if self._cut is not None:
+            ev += [self._cut['mid_ns'], self._cut['end_ns']] if not self._cut['severed'] else [self._cut['end_ns']]
+        if self._weighing is not None:
+            ev.append(self._weighing['end_ns'])
+        if self.phase == 'running':
+            ev += [self._acq['next_sample_ns'], self._acq['end_limit_ns']]
+            if self._acq['next_cut_ns'] is not None:
+                ev.append(self._acq['next_cut_ns'])
+        return min(t for t in ev if t > self.time_ns)
+
+    def _integrate(self, dt):
+        """Explicit conservative update over one sub-step (all energy terms booked with the same values)."""
+        p = self.plant
+        Ta = p['ambient_k']
+        # heater: PI with conditional integration (anti-windup)
+        if self.power:
+            e = self.target_k - self.T_b
+            u = p['controller_gain_w_k'] * e + self.integral_w
+            P = min(max(u, 0.0), p['heater_max_w'])
+            if 0.0 < u < p['heater_max_w'] or (u >= p['heater_max_w'] and e < 0) or (u <= 0 and e > 0):
+                self.integral_w = min(max(self.integral_w + p['controller_gain_w_k'] / p['controller_integral_s'] * e * dt, 0.0), p['heater_max_w'])
+        else:
+            P = 0.0
+        self.heater_w = P
+        loss = p['barrel_loss_w_k'] * (self.T_b - Ta)
+        friction = 0.0
+        pressure_work = 0.0
+        self.q_true = 0.0
+        exchange = 0.0
+        if self.sample is not None and self.m_s > 0:
+            T_s, phi = self._sample_state()
+            # barrel -> charge heat over dt: exponential relaxation towards the barrel temperature with the secant heat
+            # capacity (sensible + latent) of the charge; unconditionally stable for any charge size / conductance
+            G = p['sample_conductance_w_k'] * (self.m_s / self.m_loaded)
+            dT = self.T_b - T_s
+            if abs(dT) > 1e-12 and G > 0:
+                dH_eq = self.m_s * self._h_of_T(self.T_b) - self.H_s
+                exchange = dH_eq * -math.expm1(-G * dt * dT / dH_eq)
+            if T_s > self.sample['melting_low_k']:
+                self.t_hist += dt
+            # die flow for the contacting piston (melt fraction from the enthalpy)
+            extruded_volume = 0.0
+            if self.contact:
+                q = self._flow(T_s, phi)
+                dm = min(self.sample['melt_density_kg_m3'] * q * dt, phi * self.m_s)
+                if dm > 0:
+                    h = self.H_s / self.m_s
+                    self.m_s -= dm
+                    self.H_s -= dm * h
+                    self.book['extruded_enthalpy_j'] += dm * h
+                    self.strand_kg += dm
+                    self.strand_m3 += dm / self.sample['melt_density_kg_m3']
+                    extruded_volume = dm / self.sample['melt_density_kg_m3']
+                    self.q_true = extruded_volume / dt
+            self.H_s += exchange
+            # compaction bookkeeping: unmelted pellets only turn into melt (never back to bulk pellets)
+            self.pellet = min(self.pellet, 1.0 - self._phi())
+            if self.contact:
+                x_new = min(self._column_height(), self.x)
+                dx = self.x - x_new
+                if dx > 0:
+                    friction = p['piston_friction_n'] * dx
+                    force = self._load_mass() * GRAVITY - p['piston_friction_n']
+                    pressure_work = force * dx
+                    # the share that pushed melt through the die is dissipated there and leaves with the extrudate
+                    # (delta_p * V_extruded); only the compaction share heats the charge left in the barrel
+                    die_work = min(pressure_work, force / STANDARD_AREA_M2 * extruded_volume)
+                    self.book['extruded_enthalpy_j'] += die_work
+                    self.H_s += pressure_work - die_work
+                    self.x = x_new
+        self.book['heater_input_j'] += P * dt
+        self.book['ambient_export_j'] += loss * dt
+        self.book['friction_heat_j'] += friction
+        self.book['pressure_work_j'] += pressure_work
+        self.T_b += (P * dt - loss * dt - exchange + friction) / p['barrel_heat_capacity_j_k']
+
+    def _advance_move(self, nxt):
+        m = self._move
+        dist = abs(self.x_target - m['x0'])
+        t = (nxt - m['start_ns']) / 1e9
+        done = t * m['speed'] >= dist - 1e-15
+        new_x = self.x_target if done else m['x0'] + m['direction'] * m['speed'] * t
+        dx = new_x - self.x
+        heat = self.plant['piston_friction_n'] * abs(dx)
+        self.book['host_work_j'] += self._load_mass() * GRAVITY * dx + heat
+        self.book['friction_heat_j'] += heat
+        self.T_b += heat / self.plant['barrel_heat_capacity_j_k']
+        self.x = new_x
+        if done:
+            self._move = None
+            if m['insert']:
+                self.contact = True
+
+    def step(self, dt_s):
+        validate(number('s', 0.0, 86400.0), dt_s)
+        raw = dt_s * 1e9 + self._clock_remainder_ns
+        ns = round(raw)
+        self._clock_remainder_ns = raw - ns
+        if ns <= 0 or self.plant is None:
+            self.time_ns += max(ns, 0)
+            self.revision += 1
+            return
+        end = self.time_ns + ns
+        while self.time_ns < end:
+            nxt = self._next_events(end)
+            dt = (nxt - self.time_ns) / 1e9
+            if self._move is not None:
+                self._advance_move(nxt)
+            self._integrate(dt)
+            # a descending insert can meet the (shrinking) charge column
+            if self._move is not None and self._move['insert'] and self.x <= self._column_height() + 1e-12:
+                self.x = max(self._column_height(), 0.0)
+                self.x_target = self.x
+                self._move = None
+                self.contact = True
+            if self._cut is not None:
+                c = self._cut
+                frac = min(1.0, (nxt - c['start_ns']) / max(1, c['end_ns'] - c['start_ns']))
+                self.cutter_angle = c['a0'] + (c['a1'] - c['a0']) * frac
+            self.time_ns = nxt
+            if self._cut is not None:
+                c = self._cut
+                if not c['severed'] and self.time_ns >= c['mid_ns']:
+                    c['severed'] = True
+                    self._sever(self.time_ns)
+                if self.time_ns >= c['end_ns']:
+                    self.cutter_angle = c['a1']
+                    self._cut = None
+            if self._weighing is not None and self.time_ns >= self._weighing['end_ns']:
+                self._complete_weighing()
+            if self.phase == 'running':
+                acq = self._acq
+                self.elapsed = (self.time_ns - acq['start_ns']) / 1e9
+                acq['elapsed'] = self.elapsed
+                am = acq['method']
+                if acq['next_cut_ns'] is not None and self.time_ns >= acq['next_cut_ns']:
+                    acq['next_cut_ns'] += round(am['cut_interval_s'] * 1e9)
+                    if self._cut is None and self.power:
+                        self._start_cut(auto=True)
+                if self.time_ns >= acq['next_sample_ns']:
+                    acq['next_sample_ns'] += acq['period_ns']
+                    self._record(self.time_ns)
+                    row = self.rows[-1]
+                    if row['temperature_k'] is not None and abs(row['temperature_k'] - acq['target_k']) > am['temperature_tolerance_k'] + 1e-9:
+                        enc = row['encoder_position_m']
+                        if enc is not None and am['window_lower_m'] <= enc <= am['window_upper_m']:
+                            acq['temperature_excursion'] = True
+                    enc = row['encoder_position_m']
+                    if enc is not None and enc <= am['window_lower_m']:
+                        acq['window_traversed'] = any(r['encoder_position_m'] is not None and r['encoder_position_m'] >= am['window_upper_m'] for r in self.rows)
+                        self._finish('succeeded' if acq['window_traversed'] else 'failed', 'WINDOW_TRAVERSED' if acq['window_traversed'] else 'STARTED_BELOW_WINDOW')
+                if self.phase == 'running' and (self.m_s <= 1e-12 or self.x <= MIN_PISTON_M):
+                    self._finish('failed', 'SAMPLE_EXHAUSTED')
+                if self.phase == 'running' and self.time_ns >= acq['end_limit_ns']:
+                    self._finish('failed', 'DURATION_ELAPSED')
+        self.revision += 1
+
+
+class ZwickMflowSession:
+    def __init__(self, host, principal_id):
+        self._host = host
+        self._principal = principal_id
+
+    @property
+    def _role(self):
+        return self._host._principals[self._principal]
+
+    def _target(self, instance_id):
+        if not isinstance(instance_id, str) or instance_id != self._host.instance_id:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+
+    def describe(self, *, instance_id=None, asset_type_id=None):
+        if (instance_id is None) == (asset_type_id is None):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if instance_id is not None:
+            self._target(instance_id)
+        if asset_type_id is not None and asset_type_id != ASSET_TYPE_ID:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+        meta = export_zwick_mflow_contract_metadata()
+        return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID, asset_version='1.0.0',
+                    capabilities={k: v for k, v in meta['capabilities'].items() if v['visibility'] == 'agent' or self._role != 'agent'},
+                    state_slots={k: v for k, v in meta['state_slots'].items() if v['visibility'] == 'agent' or self._role != 'agent'})
+
+    def read(self, *, instance_id, state_ids=None):
+        self._target(instance_id)
+        h = self._host
+        values = h.read(self._role)
+        ids = list(values) if state_ids is None else state_ids
+        if not isinstance(ids, list) or any(not isinstance(k, str) for k in ids):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if any(k not in values for k in ids):
+            raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        return dict(instance_id=instance_id, status='succeeded', state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain': 'simulation', 'time_s': h.time_s},
+                    observations={k: dict(value=copy.deepcopy(values[k]), unit=SLOTS[k]['unit'],
+                                          quality='unavailable' if values[k] is None else 'estimated' if SLOTS[k]['origin'] in ('sensor', 'derived') else 'valid',
+                                          sample_time_s=h.time_s, sample_window_s=None) for k in ids})
+
+    def _filter_result(self, result):
+        result = copy.deepcopy(result)
+        # Public acquisition payloads use the same redaction for every role; provenance.read is the evaluator channel.
+        if 'rows' in result and 'template_source' in result:
+            result['template_source'] = (str(LIBRARY_PATH.relative_to(ROOT)) + '; selected record available only through evaluator provenance.read') if result['template_source'] is not None else None
+            result['evidence'] = ('synthetic_forward_model; quantised encoder/time/temperature observations and external weighings; manufacturer MVR scalar with explicit priors; selected record restricted'
+                                  if result['operation_id'] is not None else 'no_measurement')
+        return result
+
+    def invoke(self, *, instance_id, capability_id, arguments, request_id):
+        h = self._host
+        try:
+            self._target(instance_id)
+            if not isinstance(capability_id, str) or capability_id not in CAPS:
+                raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY')
+            if self._role == 'agent' and CAPS[capability_id]['visibility'] != 'agent':
+                raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if not isinstance(request_id, str) or not request_id:
+                raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            validate(CAPS[capability_id]['input_schema'], arguments)
+            key = (self._principal, request_id)
+            digest = json.dumps([capability_id, arguments], sort_keys=True, allow_nan=False)
+            if key in h._requests:
+                old, response = h._requests[key]
+                if old != digest:
+                    raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+                return copy.deepcopy(response)
+            # Operations started by another *agent* are private to it; ones started from the physical panel or by the host
+            # (evaluator/debug principals, e.g. a Matterix key press) are visible to every operator at the instrument.
+            owner = h._owners.get(h.operation_id) if h.operation_id else None
+            foreign = owner is not None and owner != self._principal and h._principals.get(owner) == 'agent'
+            if capability_id in ('acquisition.stop', 'acquisition.result') and self._role == 'agent' and foreign:
+                raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if capability_id in ('cutter.cut', 'thermal.set_temperature') and h.phase == 'running' and self._role == 'agent' and foreign:
+                raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            if capability_id == 'power.set' and not arguments['enabled'] and h.phase == 'running' and self._role == 'agent' and foreign:
+                raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+            result = self._filter_result(h.invoke(capability_id, **arguments))
+            operation = result.get('operation_id') if capability_id == 'acquisition.start' else None
+            if operation:
+                h._owners[operation] = self._principal
+            response = dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, instance_id=instance_id, request_id=request_id, operation_id=operation,
+                            status='accepted' if operation else 'succeeded', state_revision=h.revision, clock={'domain': 'simulation', 'time_s': h.time_s},
+                            result=result, observations={}, error=None)
+            h._requests[key] = (digest, copy.deepcopy(response))
+            return response
+        except ActionRejected as exc:
+            return dict(protocol_version=PROTOCOL_VERSION, instance_id=instance_id, request_id=request_id, operation_id=None,
+                        status='unsupported' if str(exc) == 'UNSUPPORTED' else 'rejected', state_revision=h.revision,
+                        clock={'domain': 'simulation', 'time_s': h.time_s}, result={}, observations={},
+                        error=dict(code=str(exc), message=str(exc), retryable=False, side_effects='none'))
+
+    def write(self, *, instance_id, state_id, value, request_id):
+        self._target(instance_id)
+        if not isinstance(state_id, str):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        entry = SLOTS.get(state_id)
+        if not entry or state_id not in WRITE_VIA:
+            raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        capability, argument = WRITE_VIA[state_id]
+        return self.invoke(instance_id=instance_id, capability_id=capability, arguments={argument: value}, request_id=request_id)
+
+    def poll(self, operation_id):
+        h = self._host
+        if not isinstance(operation_id, str):
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        if h._owners.get(operation_id) != self._principal:
+            raise ActionRejected('ACCESS_DENIED')
+        result = h._result() if operation_id == h.operation_id and h.phase == 'running' else h.records.get(operation_id)
+        if result is None:
+            raise ActionRejected('UNKNOWN_OPERATION')
+        return dict(operation_id=operation_id, status=result['phase'], result=self._filter_result(result))
+
+    def cancel(self, operation_id, request_id):
+        self.poll(operation_id)
+        h = self._host
+        if not isinstance(request_id, str) or not request_id:
+            raise ActionRejected('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        key = (self._principal, request_id)
+        if key in h._cancel_operations:
+            if h._cancel_operations[key] != operation_id:
+                raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+            return copy.deepcopy(h._requests[key][1])
+        if key in h._requests:
+            raise ActionRejected('REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        if operation_id != h.operation_id or h.phase != 'running':
+            raise ActionRejected('NOT_RUNNING')
+        result = self.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.stop', arguments={}, request_id=request_id)
+        if result['status'] == 'succeeded':
+            h._cancel_operations[key] = operation_id
+        return result
+
+
+WRITE_VIA = {'thermal.target_k': ('thermal.set_temperature', 'target_k')}   # the load is placed by the host (evaluator weight.configure)
+EFFECTS = {
+    'plant.configure': ['plant.configured', 'thermal.target_k', 'truth.barrel_temperature_k', 'truth.sample_temperature_k', 'heater.output_fraction'],
+    'balance.configure': ['balance.configured'],
+    'method.configure': ['method.configured', 'method.test_load_kg'],
+    'power.set': ['power.enabled', 'power.angle_rad', 'thermal.indicated_k', 'encoder.position_m', 'encoder.in_range', 'acquisition.phase', 'measurement.validity',
+                  'measurement.live_mvr_m3_s', 'truth.heater_power_w', 'heater.output_fraction', 'cutter.running', 'measurement.mvr_m3_s', 'measurement.mfr_kg_s'],
+    'thermal.set_temperature': ['thermal.target_k'],
+    'weight.configure': ['weight.total_load_kg'],
+    'sample.load': ['sample.present', 'preheat.elapsed_s', 'truth.sample_mass_kg', 'truth.sample_temperature_k', 'truth.melt_fraction', 'truth.pellet_fraction', 'truth.thermal_history_s'],
+    'sample.remove': ['sample.present', 'preheat.elapsed_s', 'truth.sample_mass_kg', 'truth.sample_temperature_k', 'truth.melt_fraction', 'truth.pellet_fraction', 'truth.thermal_history_s'],
+    'piston.withdraw': ['piston.target_m', 'piston.moving', 'piston.contact'],
+    'piston.insert': ['piston.target_m', 'piston.moving', 'piston.contact'],
+    'cutter.cut': ['cutter.running'],
+    'collection.clear': ['segments.count', 'segments.unweighed', 'extrudate.length_m', 'extrudate.last_cut_length_m', 'truth.strand_mass_kg'],
+    'balance.weigh': ['balance.busy', 'segments.unweighed'],
+    'calibration.encoder': ['encoder.position_m'],
+    'calibration.balance': [],
+    'acquisition.start': ['acquisition.phase', 'acquisition.elapsed_s', 'acquisition.points', 'measurement.validity', 'cutter.running', 'measurement.live_mvr_m3_s'],
+    'acquisition.stop': ['acquisition.phase', 'measurement.validity', 'measurement.live_mvr_m3_s', 'measurement.mvr_m3_s', 'measurement.mfr_kg_s'],
+    'sim.step': list(SLOTS),
+}
+for _k, _v in EFFECTS.items():
+    CAPS[_k]['effects'] = _v
+ERRORS = sorted(set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_0-9]+)'", Path(__file__).read_text())) |
+                {'USER_CANCEL', 'POWER_OFF', 'WINDOW_TRAVERSED', 'STARTED_BELOW_WINDOW', 'SAMPLE_EXHAUSTED', 'DURATION_ELAPSED'})
+ASYNC = {'acquisition.start'}
+LIMITATIONS = [
+    '选定Mflow 1128610（230V）基础版：料筒1128612内径9.55mm、活塞1128614（即0.325kg载荷档）、口模312342 2.095mm×8mm（烧结耐磨耐酸）；未选气动提升/选重器1128621/1128624、清洗1128622、预载1128623、预热位活塞保持1128627、口模塞1128618、分隔板1128619、回冷090173、半口模325554、耐酸料筒/活塞1128613/1128615与PVC口模092326；不建模换口模。',
+    '厂家规格：50–450°C、总载荷0.325–21.6kg、位移分辨率0.003mm（方法B误差限±0.02mm）、时间分辨率0.002s（误差限±0.01s）、温度显示分辨率<0.1K、口模以上0–75mm温度准确度<0.3K（ISO 1133-2）；这些是分辨率/误差限，不是本模型的噪声模型。',
+    '炉体为集中热节点，PI控温；热容、散热、加热器上限（≤0.7kVA连接视在功率）、控温参数与试样换热导率都是宿主显式输入的工程参数，不是厂家数据；温度准确度未经ISO 1133-2认证。',
+    '试样为装料焓节点：比热、潜热（熔程线性）、颗粒堆积密度、熔体密度均为宿主先验；厂家库只给23°C固体密度与DSC熔点，固体密度不得当作测试温度下熔体密度。',
+    '口模流动由所选厂家MVR标量在其温度/载荷下锚定，经宿主给定的幂律指数n、流动活化能Ea和热历史速率外推到实际条件，并扣除活塞摩擦；单个MVR/MFR不能唯一决定完整流变曲线、入口压力损失、壁滑或温敏性。',
+    '未熔颗粒按φ³抑制流动（显式假设）；颗粒压实只随熔化单向发生，重新凝固不会恢复颗粒堆积。',
+    '活塞位置=料柱高度（ISO平均截面0.711cm²）；方法B的MVR由窗口内首末量化位移与量化时间计算；方法A的MFR只用外接天平称得的测量切段质量与其切断间隔；密度只在两者都有时给出。',
+    '砝码下落势能分为摩擦功（进入炉体）与压力功：推动熔体通过口模的部分Δp·V在口模内耗散并随挤出物离开，压实部分进入留在料筒内的试样；手动升降活塞的宿主功含势能变化与摩擦热；挤出物带走其焓（在空气中冷却，视为离开系统边界），质量仍在库存中直到收集或清走。',
+    '切刀为交替半圈，经过π/2瞬间切断；首次切断清除预热期挤出物，之后相邻两次自动切断之间为测量切段；切刀电机功率/速度未公开，半圈时间为工程参数。',
+    '外接分析天平（厂家可选043851/014720，0.1mg读数）只作RS-232代理：稳定时间、增益/偏置和分辨率由宿主给定；称量不在Mflow主机内完成。',
+    '位移传感器按照片所见转臂结构建模，量程约0–107mm（工程假设）；超量程或断电时读数为null；两点标定只使用宿主提供的独立观测值。',
+    'agent只能看到量化位移、显示温度、切段观测和结果；精确活塞位置、熔融分数、真实流率和所选材料身份只对evaluator可见；acquisition.result对所有角色隐去材料身份，完整来源只能经provenance.read获得。',
+    '时间推进为事件对齐的守恒子步（≤50ms；炉体PI为显式、料筒—试样换热为指数松弛）：所有能量/质量项用同一数值记账因而账本精确闭合，但不同step切分会造成约1e-8–1e-7m、1e-4K量级的真值差，恰在量化边界附近的个别记录行（约1%）会相差一个量化步（0.003mm），MVR不受影响。',
+    '正向模型的位移—体积换算与方法B分析使用同一ISO平均截面0.711cm²，因此方法B的回收只检验量化与算术，不独立检验截面假设（环隙回流未建模）。',
+    '默认n/Ea先验跨条件外推有明显误差：例如B4330G6 HR从250°C/2.16kg外推到260°C/5kg得约16.5cm³/10min，厂家表为19（−13%）；换条件时宿主应改用该条件的厂家数值格或给出更合适的先验。',
+    '热历史倍率exp(k·t)限制在1e-3–1e3的数值域；堆积密度不得大于熔体密度（被拒）；每次采集的记录行不超过200000行（方法设定时检查）。',
+    '每次采集保存自己的方法快照、记录行与切段：清走收集区、改方法或称量其它切段都不会改写已完成的结果；晚完成的称量只回填其所属采集。每次采集的切段不超过10000个（手动切刀与自动切段共用预算）；由某个agent启动的采集中，其他agent不能改温度设定、切刀、停止或读取其结果；面板/宿主启动的采集对所有操作者共享。',
+    '没有真实硬件、testXpert连接、机器人装料/压实/清筒、挤出丝接触或卷曲、离模膨胀实测与ISO认证。',
+]
+
+
+def export_zwick_mflow_contract_metadata():
+    slots = {}
+    caps = {}
+    for k, v in SLOTS.items():
+        slots[k] = dict(meaning_zh=v['meaning'], component_ids=[v['component']], value_schema=copy.deepcopy(v['schema']), unit=v['unit'],
+                        reference_conditions=v['reference'], origin=v['origin'], visibility=v['visibility'],
+                        access='read_write' if k in WRITE_VIA else 'read_only',
+                        read_binding=dict(backend='host', artifact_id='runtime', accessor=f'ZwickMflowSession.read(state_ids=[{k!r}])'),
+                        write_via=None if k not in WRITE_VIA else dict(capability_id=WRITE_VIA[k][0], argument=WRITE_VIA[k][1], fixed_arguments={}),
+                        sampling=dict(mode='instant', time_domain='simulation', window_description='Pure read; encoder 0.003 mm, time 0.002 s, display 0.01 K quantisation; rows on the method time grid.'),
+                        source_ids=['simulation_assumption'])
+    for k, v in CAPS.items():
+        un = k in UNSUPPORTED
+        async_ = k in ASYNC
+        c = {key: copy.deepcopy(v[key]) for key in ['input_schema', 'output_schema', 'component_ids', 'function_zh', 'kind', 'visibility', 'example_arguments']}
+        c.update(availability='unsupported' if un else 'implemented',
+                 implementation={layer: 'absent' if un or layer in ('scene', 'robot', 'hardware') else 'implemented' for layer in ['process', 'scene', 'robot', 'hardware', 'host']},
+                 binding=None if un else dict(backend='host', artifact_id='runtime', entrypoint='asset_runtime.zwick_mflow.ZwickMflowSession.invoke',
+                                              invocation=f'session.invoke(instance_id="mflow_01",capability_id={k!r},arguments={v["example_arguments"]!r},request_id="unique")'),
+                 preconditions=[] if un or v['kind'] in ('query', 'analysis', 'simulation') else [dict(
+                     description_zh='入口原子核对通电、配置、试样/活塞/载荷/预热/温度、切刀与天平忙闲等前提；被拒时状态不变。',
+                     state_ids=['power.enabled', 'plant.configured', 'sample.present', 'piston.contact', 'acquisition.phase'], enforced_by='runtime', check='ZwickMflowRuntime.invoke')],
+                 state_effects=[dict(state_id=s, timing='on_step' if k == 'sim.step' else 'immediate', description_zh='设定或操作标志；温度、位移、挤出与切段只随step推进') for s in v['effects']],
+                 observes=[], model_effects=dict(mode='none', description_zh='运行层只输出状态，由场景层绑定关节与读数', binding_ids=[]),
+                 execution=dict(mode='asynchronous' if async_ else 'synchronous', time_domain='simulation',
+                                completion_criterion='活塞读数越过窗口下限（或超时/料尽/取消）' if async_ else '原子配置或外部动作请求，实际状态由step推进',
+                                completion_state_ids=['acquisition.phase'] if async_ else [], timeout_s=None, cancellation='supported' if async_ else 'unsupported',
+                                retry='same_request_id', resources=['host_clock', 'barrel', 'piston', 'cutter', 'encoder'],
+                                partial_failure_zh='停止/断电/超时只终止记录与自动切断；已挤出物、切段、称量记录与热状态全部保留。'),
+                 errors=[dict(code=e, meaning_zh=e, side_effects='partial' if async_ and e in ('USER_CANCEL', 'POWER_OFF', 'SAMPLE_EXHAUSTED', 'DURATION_ELAPSED', 'STARTED_BELOW_WINDOW') else 'none') for e in ERRORS],
+                 verification=[], limitations=LIMITATIONS, source_ids=['manufacturer_primary', 'simulation_assumption', 'template_library'])
+        if k in ('acquisition.start', 'piston.insert', 'piston.withdraw', 'cutter.cut', 'thermal.set_temperature', 'power.set', 'balance.weigh', 'weight.configure', 'sample.load'):
+            c['state_effects'] += [dict(state_id=s, timing='on_step', description_zh='由统一宿主时钟推进热、熔化、挤出、切刀、称量与量化观测')
+                                   for s in SLOTS if s not in v['effects'] and SLOTS[s]['origin'] in ('sensor', 'derived', 'scene', 'process_truth')]
+        caps[k] = c
+    mechanism = dict(
+        component_ids=['heater', 'barrel', 'piston', 'test_weight', 'die', 'cutter', 'displacement_sensor', 'sensor_arm', 'controller', 'balance_rs232'],
+        state_ids=list(slots), meaning_zh='料筒PI控温、装料熔化与压实、幂律口模流动（载荷/摩擦/温度/热历史）、活塞位移观测、切刀切段与外部称量',
+        implementation='lumped',
+        equations=['C_b dT_b/dt = P_heater - G_b (T_b - T_amb) - Q_bs + F_f |dx|/dt ; P_heater = clamp(Kp e + I, 0, P_max), dI/dt = (Kp/Ti) e (conditional integration)',
+                   'h(T) = cp (T - T_amb) + L phi(T), phi = clamp((T - T_lo)/(T_hi - T_lo), 0, 1) ; dH_s/dt = G_s (m_s/m_0)(T_b - T_s) + (m g - F_f) dx/dt - h_s dm_ext/dt',
+                   'Q = MVR_ref ((m g - F_f)/(m_ref g))^(1/n) exp(-(Ea/(n R))(1/T_s - 1/T_ref)) exp(k_h t_hist) phi^3 ; dm_ext = rho_melt Q dt',
+                   'x_piston = m_s (p/rho_bulk + (1-p)/rho_melt) / A_ISO, A_ISO = pi/4 ((D_barrel + D_piston)/2)^2 = 0.711 cm^2 ; p = min(p, 1 - phi)',
+                   'W_host = m g dx + F_f |dx| (manual moves) ; potential released under load -> F_f dx (barrel) + (m g - F_f) dx (charge)',
+                   'MVR_B = A_ISO (x_first - x_last)/(t_last - t_first) inside [window_lower, window_upper] from quantised encoder (3 um) and time (2 ms)',
+                   'MFR_A = sum(m_obs)/sum(dt_cut) over externally weighed measurement segments; density_T = MFR/MVR',
+                   'arm elevation = asin((x - 0.050)/0.140), upper stop 0.42 rad; encoder range ~0 .. 0.107 m'],
+        parameters={}, source_ids=['simulation_assumption', 'template_library'], limitations=LIMITATIONS)
+    import importlib.util
+    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('_mflow_local_annotations', ROOT / 'scripts/asset_runtime/_annotations.py')
+    ann = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(ann)
+    ann.KEY_ZH.update({k: v['meaning'] for k, v in SLOTS.items()})
+    ann.annotate_export(SLUG, caps, slots, {'melt_flow_rate': mechanism},
+                        inputs={'plant.configure': (PLANT, PLANT_EXAMPLE), 'sample.load': (SAMPLE, SAMPLE_EXAMPLE), 'method.configure': (METHOD, METHOD_EXAMPLE),
+                                'balance.configure': (BALANCE, BALANCE_EXAMPLE)})
+    for k, v in SLOTS.items():
+        slots[k]['meaning_zh'] = v['meaning']
+        if v['reference']:
+            slots[k]['reference_conditions'] = v['reference']
+    return dict(asset_type_id=ASSET_TYPE_ID, catalog_id=CATALOG_ID, capabilities=caps, state_slots=slots, mechanisms={'melt_flow_rate': mechanism})
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb232e362caf2a9b0ed9cf67ccbf2119f8e8001b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""Test configuration for the public ChemLab-Assets release.
+
+The release does not redistribute cached third-party source documents (outputs/**/sources, source_cache, raw/
+folders, references/). Some tests re-hash those caches to prove provenance; when a cache is absent, the test is
+reported as skipped with the missing path instead of failing.
+"""
+import pytest
+
+UNPUBLISHED = ("/outputs/", "/references/", "/raw/", "source_cache", "/sources/", "/vendor/")
+
+
+def _unpublished(exc):
+    name = getattr(exc, "filename", None)
+    return isinstance(exc, FileNotFoundError) and name and any(k in str(name) for k in UNPUBLISHED)
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
+def pytest_runtest_makereport(item, call):
+    outcome = yield
+    rep = outcome.get_result()
+    if call.excinfo is not None and call.when in ("setup", "call") and _unpublished(call.excinfo.value):
+        rep.outcome = "skipped"
+        rep.longrepr = (str(item.path), item.location[1] or 0,
+                        f"Skipped: needs an unpublished source cache ({call.excinfo.value.filename})")
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_ametek_oxtran.py b/tests/test_asset_ametek_oxtran.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62e57fdeb988bfa8cfc66667c83fc5f77011b3fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_ametek_oxtran.py
@@ -0,0 +1,916 @@
+"""CHEM-147 AMETEK MOCON OX-TRAN 2/22 L runtime tests: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_ametek_oxtran.py
+
+Themes (pipeline.md): setpoints only write targets; read/describe/poll are pure; rejected preconditions leave the state
+unchanged; two instances are isolated; agent/evaluator truth isolation and result redaction; O2 mass and heat conservation;
+real return values validate against the contract schemas; async completion / cancellation residue.
+Physics: Faraday coulometry (1 cc/day = 0.000199 A), Fickian time lag and steady state against the analytical solution,
+Arrhenius and humidity transfer, barometric and permeant normalisation, ReZero baseline, individual zero, masks,
+over-range protection, drawer/clamp interlocks, thermoelectric heat-up against the manufacturer order of magnitude.
+No native scene, robot or hardware claims.
+"""
+import copy
+import importlib.util
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT))
+from scripts.asset_runtime.ametek_oxtran import *  # noqa: E402,F401,F403
+from scripts.asset_runtime import ametek_oxtran as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+CHECKS = []
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('oxtran_asset_tool', ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py')
+asset_tool = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+_spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+_ispec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('oxtran_interface', ROOT / 'outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/interface_definition.py')
+interface = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_ispec)
+_ispec.loader.exec_module(interface)
+PET = 'poly_ethylene_terephthalate'
+T23 = 296.15
+
+
+def call(h, k, **a):
+    """Invoke through the runtime, validate the returned value and check that only declared slots changed immediately."""
+    before = h.read('debug')
+    r = h.invoke(k, **a)
+    validate(CAPS[k]['output_schema'], r)
+    problems = asset_tool.validate_value(r, CAPS[k]['output_schema'])
+    if problems:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{k}: {problems}')
+    after = h.read('debug')
+    delta = {x for x in after if before[x] != after[x]}
+    if k != 'sim.step' and not delta <= set(CAPS[k]['effects']):
+        raise AssertionError(f'{k}: undeclared state changes {sorted(delta - set(CAPS[k]["effects"]))}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(k, []).append(dict(time_s=h.time_s, result_keys=sorted(r), actual_call=True))
+    return r
+
+
+def configured(plant=None, gas=None, inst=None, cfg=None, cells=('A',)):
+    h = AmetekOxtranRuntime()
+    call(h, 'plant.configure', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, **(plant or {})))
+    call(h, 'gas.configure', **dict(GAS_EXAMPLE, **(gas or {})))
+    call(h, 'instrument.configure', **dict(INSTRUMENT_EXAMPLE, **(inst or {})))
+    for c in cells:
+        call(h, 'test.configure', **dict(TEST_CFG_EXAMPLE, cell=c, **(cfg or {})))
+    call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+    return h
+
+
+def loaded(template=PET, thickness=100e-6, cell='A', h=None, mount=None, clamp=True, settle=3600.0, **kw):
+    h = h or configured(**kw)
+    call(h, 'drawer.move', cell=cell, open=True)
+    h.step(3.0)
+    call(h, 'sample.mount', **dict(MOUNT_EXAMPLE, cell=cell, template_id=template, thickness_m=thickness, **(mount or {})))
+    call(h, 'drawer.move', cell=cell, open=False)
+    h.step(3.0)
+    if clamp:
+        call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell=cell)
+        h.step(settle)
+    return h
+
+
+def run_test(h, cell='A', limit_h=200.0, dt=1800.0):
+    call(h, 'test.start', cell=cell)
+    t = 0.0
+    while h.cells[cell]['test']['phase'] == 'running' and t < limit_h * 3600:
+        call(h, 'sim.step', dt_s=dt)
+        t += dt
+    return call(h, 'test.result', cell=cell)
+
+
+def steady_otr(template, thickness, T=T23 - PLANT_EXAMPLE['temperature_sensor_bias_k'], rh=0.0, o2=0.999, baro=101325.0, E=45000.0, beta=0.0):
+    rec = library()[template]
+    f = math.exp(-E / GAS_CONSTANT * (1 / T - 1 / rec['reference_temperature_K']) + beta * rh)
+    pw = rh * saturation_pressure_pa(T)
+    return rec['oxygen_permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_Pa'] * f * o2 * (baro - pw) / thickness
+
+
+class ConstantsAndLibrary(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test01_identity_and_documented_constants(self):
+        self.assertEqual(ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.ametek_oxtran')
+        self.assertEqual(CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-147')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(AMP_PER_CC_DAY, 0.000199, delta=0.0000005)             # manual appendix D
+        self.assertEqual(TEMPERATURE_RANGE_K, (283.15, 313.15))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(TEST_AREA_M2, 50e-4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(MAX_FILM_THICKNESS_M, 3.048e-3)
+        self.assertEqual(OTR_RANGE_CC_M2_DAY, (0.005, 200.0))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(SENSOR_RANGE_MOL_S * CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S, 1.0)             # 200 cc/(m2 day) x 50 cm2 = 1 cc/day
+
+    def test02_interface_geometry_agrees_with_runtime(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(interface.DRAWER_TRAVEL_M, DRAWER_TRAVEL_M)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(interface.CLAMP_TRAVEL_M, CLAMP_TRAVEL_M)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(interface.POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD, POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(interface.TEST_AREA_M2, TEST_AREA_M2)
+        for part, sid, capid, *_ in interface.MOTION:
+            self.assertIn(sid, SLOTS)
+            self.assertIn(capid, CAPS)
+        for r in interface.READOUTS:
+            self.assertIn(r['source']['bridge'][0], SLOTS)
+            self.assertEqual(SLOTS[r['source']['bridge'][0]]['visibility'], 'agent')
+        for lamp in interface.LAMPS:
+            self.assertIn(lamp['source']['lamp']['bridge'], SLOTS)
+        for key, (capid, args) in interface.KEY_COMMANDS.items():
+            validate(CAPS[capid]['input_schema'], args)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(interface.OTR_DISPLAY_SCALE, CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S)
+
+    def test03_template_library_real_and_complete(self):
+        lib = json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(lib['coverage']['template_count'], 50)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(lib['coverage']['with_measured_diffusivity'], 50)
+        self.assertEqual(lib['coverage']['synthetic_records'], 0)
+        for t in lib['templates']:
+            self.assertEqual(t['evidence'], 'measured_literature')
+            self.assertTrue(t['source']['sha256'] and t['measurements'])
+            self.assertGreater(t['oxygen_permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_Pa'], 0)
+        pet = library()[PET]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pet['oxygen_permeability_barrer'], 0.11, places=6)
+        report = json.loads((ROOT / 'outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/ametek_oxtran/independent_permeation_source_validation.json').read_text())
+        self.assertEqual(report['status'], 'passed')
+
+    def test04_film_step_is_exactly_conservative_and_converges_to_linear_profile(self):
+        c = [5.0] * 20
+        dx = 1e-6
+        total0 = sum(c) * dx
+        jt_sum = jb_sum = 0.0
+        for _ in range(4000):
+            c, jt, jb = rt.film_step(c, dx, 1e-12, 10.0, 0.0, 0.5)
+            jt_sum += jt * 0.5
+            jb_sum += jb * 0.5
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(c) * dx - total0, jt_sum - jb_sum, delta=1e-12 * total0)
+        L = 20 * dx
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(jb, 1e-12 * 10.0 / L, delta=1e-9 * 1e-12 * 10.0 / L)
+
+    def test05_is_stable_requires_step_and_window_drift(self):
+        self.assertTrue(rt.is_stable([1.0, 1.0, 1.001, 1.0], 3, 1.0, 0.0))
+        self.assertFalse(rt.is_stable([1.0, 1.006, 1.012, 1.018], 3, 1.0, 0.0))     # every step < 1 % but drift 1.8 %
+        self.assertFalse(rt.is_stable([1.0, 1.0], 3, 1.0, 0.0))
+
+
+class RuntimeContract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test10_setpoints_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = configured()
+        T0 = h.T
+        call(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=313.15)
+        call(h, 'humidity.set', rh_fraction=0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(h.T, T0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.rh_model, 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('agent')['thermal.target_k'], 313.15)
+        call(h, 'sim.step', dt_s=600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.T, T0 + 3.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.rh_model, 0.3)
+
+    def test11_read_describe_poll_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='test.start', arguments={'cell': 'A'}, request_id='x1')
+        t0, rev = h.time_ns, h.revision
+        before = copy.deepcopy(h.read('debug'))
+        for _ in range(3):
+            s.read(instance_id='oxtran_01')
+            s.describe(instance_id='oxtran_01')
+            s.poll(r['operation_id'])
+            call(h, 'test.result', cell='A')
+            call(h, 'analysis.otr', **CAPS['analysis.otr']['example_arguments'])
+        self.assertEqual((h.time_ns, h.revision), (t0, rev))
+        self.assertEqual(before, h.read('debug'))
+
+    def test12_rejections_leave_state_unchanged(self):
+        h = configured()
+        cases = [('test.start', dict(cell='A'), 'CELL_NOT_CLAMPED'), ('sample.mount', dict(MOUNT_EXAMPLE), 'DRAWER_NOT_OPEN'),
+                 ('sample.unmount', dict(cell='A'), 'NO_FILM'), ('humidity.set', dict(rh_fraction=0.02), 'RH_OUTSIDE_CONTROLLED_RANGE'),
+                 ('test.stop', dict(cell='A'), 'NOT_RUNNING'),
+                 ('instrument.configure', dict(INSTRUMENT_EXAMPLE, barometer_mode='manual', manual_barometer_pa=None), 'MANUAL_BAROMETER_REQUIRED'),
+                 ('plant.configure', dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE), 'PLANT_ALREADY_CONFIGURED'), ('package.test', {}, 'UNSUPPORTED')]
+        for k, a, code in cases:
+            before = copy.deepcopy(h.read('debug'))
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke(k, **a)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), code, k)
+            self.assertEqual(before, h.read('debug'), k)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature', target_k=320.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('test.configure', **dict(TEST_CFG_EXAMPLE, cycles=True))
+
+    def test13_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a = loaded()
+        b = configured()
+        call(a, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=303.15)
+        a.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b.T, PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'])
+        self.assertIsNone(b.cells['A']['film'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(a.cells['A']['film'])
+
+    def test14_agent_truth_isolation_and_redaction(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent'); h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        ag, ev = h.session('agent'), h.session('eval')
+        obs = ag.read(instance_id='oxtran_01')['observations']
+        self.assertTrue(all(SLOTS[k]['visibility'] == 'agent' for k in obs))
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in obs))
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            ag.read(instance_id='oxtran_01', state_ids=['truth.cell_a.flux_mol_s'])
+        for k in ('ledger.read', 'provenance.read', 'sample.mount', 'drawer.move', 'sim.step', 'plant.configure'):
+            self.assertEqual(ag.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id=k, arguments=CAPS[k]['example_arguments'], request_id='r' + k)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = ag.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='test.start', arguments={'cell': 'A'}, request_id='s1')
+        h.step(8 * 3600.0)
+        res = ag.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='test.result', arguments={'cell': 'A'}, request_id='q1')['result']
+        self.assertNotIn(PET, json.dumps(res))
+        self.assertIn('evaluator provenance.read', res['template_source'])
+        prov = ev.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='provenance.read', arguments={}, request_id='p1')['result']
+        self.assertIn(PET, prov['cell_a'])
+        self.assertEqual(prov['operations'][0]['operation_id'], r['operation_id'])
+        desc = ag.describe(instance_id='oxtran_01')
+        self.assertFalse(any(v['visibility'] != 'agent' for v in desc['capabilities'].values()))
+
+    def test15_foreign_agent_guard_and_shared_panel_tests(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        for p in ('a1', 'a2'):
+            h.register_principal(p, 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('panel', 'evaluator')
+        s1, s2, panel = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2'), h.session('panel')
+        s1.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='test.start', arguments={'cell': 'A'}, request_id='x')
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        for k, a in [('test.stop', {'cell': 'A'}), ('test.result', {'cell': 'A'}), ('cell.load_unload', {'cell': 'A'}), ('thermal.set_temperature', {'target_k': 300.0}),
+                     ('humidity.set', {'rh_fraction': 0.0}), ('power.set', {'enabled': False}), ('instrument.configure', dict(INSTRUMENT_EXAMPLE))]:
+            self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id=k, arguments=a, request_id='y' + k)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', k)
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='test.stop', arguments={'cell': 'A'}, request_id='z')['status'], 'succeeded')
+        # a panel/host-started test is visible to every operator
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        h._owners[h.cells['A']['test']['op']] = 'panel'
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='test.result', arguments={'cell': 'A'}, request_id='w')['status'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test16_request_dedupe_conflict_and_write_via(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r1 = s.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='thermal.set_temperature', arguments={'target_k': 300.0}, request_id='same')
+        r2 = s.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='thermal.set_temperature', arguments={'target_k': 300.0}, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='thermal.set_temperature', arguments={'target_k': 301.0}, request_id='same')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        w = s.write(instance_id='oxtran_01', state_id='humidity.target_fraction', value=0.5, request_id='w1')
+        self.assertEqual(w['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(h.rh_target, 0.5)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            s.write(instance_id='oxtran_01', state_id='cell_a.phase', value='idle', request_id='w2')
+
+    def test17_poll_and_cancel_keep_partial_readings(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        op = s.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='test.start', arguments={'cell': 'A'}, request_id='s')['operation_id']
+        h.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(op)['status'], 'running')
+        n = len(h.cells['A']['test']['readings'])
+        self.assertGreater(n, 0)
+        c = s.cancel(op, 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(c['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(s.cancel(op, 'c1'), c)
+        res = s.poll(op)
+        self.assertEqual(res['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(len(res['result']['readings']), n)
+        self.assertEqual(res['result']['validity'], 'cancelled')
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.cells['A']['p_up'] < 1.0, True)          # test gas switched back to carrier flushing
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            s.cancel(op, 'c2')
+
+    def test18_unsupported_options_are_explicit(self):
+        h = configured()
+        for k in UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke(k)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test20_heatup_matches_manufacturer_order_of_magnitude(self):
+        h = configured()
+        call(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=313.15)
+        t = 0.0
+        while h.T + PLANT_EXAMPLE['temperature_sensor_bias_k'] < T23 + 0.99 * (313.15 - T23):
+            h.step(30.0); t += 30.0
+        self.assertLess(t, 6 * 3600.0)                     # not an order of magnitude slower than ~60 min (2/28 manual)
+        self.assertGreater(t, 20 * 60.0)
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        bias = PLANT_EXAMPLE['temperature_sensor_bias_k']
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.T + bias - 313.15), 0.02)                # controlled on the (biased) sensor
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.read('agent')['thermal.indicated_k'] - 313.15), 0.02)
+        call(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=283.15)  # thermoelectric cooling below ambient
+        h.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.T + bias - 283.15), 0.05)
+        L = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['energy_residual_j']), 1e-6 * max(1.0, abs(L['tec_heat_j'])))
+
+    def test21_pet_time_lag_and_steady_state_vs_analytical(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        res = run_test(h)['result'] if False else run_test(h)
+        exams = [r['otr_mol_m2_s'] for r in res['readings'] if r['kind'] == 'exam']
+        target = steady_otr(PET, 100e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'valid')
+        self.assertLess(exams[0], 0.7 * target)            # the first exam still sits on the time-lag rise
+        self.assertLess(abs(res['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] - target) / target, 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(res['converged'] and res['within_repeatability_spec'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['permeance_mol_m2_s_pa'], res['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] / STD_PRESSURE_PA)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa'], res['permeance_mol_m2_s_pa'] * 100e-6)
+        PROCESS_EVIDENCE['representative_pet_100um'] = dict(final_cc_m2_day=res['final_otr_cc_m2_day'], expected_cc_m2_day=target * CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S,
+                                                           exams=len(exams), individual_zero=res['individual_zero_mol_m2_s'])
+
+    def test22_quantisation_resolution_and_sensor_counts(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        res = run_test(h)
+        for r in res['readings']:
+            q = r['otr_cc_pkg_day'] / (OTR_RESOLUTION_CC_M2_DAY * TEST_AREA_M2)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(q, round(q), places=6)
+            self.assertIsInstance(r['sensor_counts'], int)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('agent')['sensor.raw_counts'], int(round(h._measured_current() / COUNT_A)))   # measured (noisy) current
+
+    def test23_faraday_sensor_current_matches_input(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        h.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        while h.route != 'A':
+            h.step(60.0)
+        h.step(29 * 60.0)
+        I_ss = 4 * FARADAY * PLANT_EXAMPLE['sensor_efficiency'] * h.sensor_in + PLANT_EXAMPLE['sensor_background_a']
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.sensor_I - I_ss) / I_ss, 0.01)
+
+    def test24_rezero_baseline_is_subtracted(self):
+        nz = dict(individual_zero='none')
+        base = run_test(loaded(gas=dict(carrier_o2_impurity_fraction=2e-6), cfg=nz))
+        dirty = run_test(loaded(gas=dict(carrier_o2_impurity_fraction=5e-4), cfg=nz))      # large carrier residual: cancels via ReZero
+        self.assertGreater(dirty['rezero_readings'][0]['sensor_counts'], 20 * base['rezero_readings'][0]['sensor_counts'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(dirty['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] - base['final_otr_mol_m2_s']) / base['final_otr_mol_m2_s'], 0.02)
+        noz = run_test(loaded(gas=dict(carrier_o2_impurity_fraction=5e-4), inst=dict(rezero_enabled=False), cfg=nz))
+        self.assertGreater(noz['final_otr_mol_m2_s'], dirty['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] + 5 * REPEATABILITY_CC_M2_DAY / CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S)
+
+    def test25_no_catalyst_removal_without_hydrogen(self):
+        h1 = loaded(gas=dict(carrier_h2_fraction=0.02))
+        h2 = loaded(gas=dict(carrier_h2_fraction=0.0))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h1._carrier_residual_fraction(), 2e-6 * (1 - PLANT_EXAMPLE['catalyst_removal_efficiency']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h2._carrier_residual_fraction(), 2e-6)
+
+    def test26_barometric_and_permeant_normalisation(self):
+        ref = run_test(loaded())
+        alt = run_test(loaded(plant=dict(barometric_pa=85000.0)))
+        self.assertLess(abs(alt['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] - ref['final_otr_mol_m2_s']) / ref['final_otr_mol_m2_s'], 0.015)   # normalised to 760 mmHg
+        air = run_test(loaded(gas=dict(test_o2_fraction=0.2095), inst=dict(permeant_concentration_percent=20.95)))
+        self.assertLess(abs(air['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] - ref['final_otr_mol_m2_s']) / ref['final_otr_mol_m2_s'], 0.03)
+        wrong = run_test(loaded(gas=dict(test_o2_fraction=0.2095)))                    # air supplied but 100 % declared
+        self.assertLess(wrong['final_otr_mol_m2_s'], 0.25 * ref['final_otr_mol_m2_s'])
+
+    def test27_temperature_arrhenius(self):
+        cold = run_test(loaded())
+        h = configured()
+        call(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=308.15)
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        hot = run_test(loaded(h=h))
+        ratio = hot['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] / cold['final_otr_mol_m2_s']
+        expected = steady_otr(PET, 100e-6, T=308.15 - PLANT_EXAMPLE['temperature_sensor_bias_k']) / steady_otr(PET, 100e-6)
+        self.assertLess(abs(ratio - expected) / expected, 0.02)
+        self.assertGreater(ratio, 1.06 ** 12)             # manufacturer: 6-15 % per degC for many barriers
+
+    def test28_humidity_dilution_and_water_sensitive_coefficient(self):
+        h = configured()
+        call(h, 'humidity.set', rh_fraction=0.9)
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        wet = run_test(loaded(h=h))
+        dry = run_test(loaded())
+        pw = h._rh_true() * saturation_pressure_pa(h.T)
+        self.assertLess(abs(wet['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] / dry['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] - (101325 - pw) / 101325), 0.02)
+        h2 = configured()
+        call(h2, 'humidity.set', rh_fraction=0.5)
+        call(h2, 'drawer.move', cell='A', open=True); h2.step(3.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            h2.invoke('sample.mount', **dict(MOUNT_EXAMPLE, template_id='polyacrylonitrile'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'HUMIDITY_COEFFICIENT_REQUIRED')
+        call(h2, 'sample.mount', **dict(MOUNT_EXAMPLE, template_id='polyacrylonitrile', thickness_m=25e-6, humidity_coefficient=2.0))
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e2:
+            h2.invoke('sample.mount', **dict(MOUNT_EXAMPLE, cell='B', template_id='nylon_6'))
+        self.assertIn(str(e2.exception), ('DIFFUSIVITY_REQUIRED', 'DRAWER_NOT_OPEN'))
+        f = h2.cells['A']['film']
+        P1, D1, S1 = h2._transport(f, T23, 0.5)
+        P0, D0, S0 = h2._transport(f, T23, 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(P1 / P0, math.exp(1.0)); self.assertAlmostEqual(S1, S0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            h2.invoke('sample.mount', **dict(MOUNT_EXAMPLE, cell='B', humidity_coefficient=1.0))
+
+    def test29_mask_area_scales_package_but_not_area_result(self):
+        full = run_test(loaded())
+        masked = run_test(loaded(mount=dict(exposed_area_m2=5e-4), cfg=dict(declared_area_m2=5e-4)))
+        self.assertLess(abs(masked['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] - full['final_otr_mol_m2_s']) / full['final_otr_mol_m2_s'], 0.03)
+        self.assertLess(abs(masked['final_otr_cc_pkg_day'] / full['final_otr_cc_pkg_day'] - 0.1), 0.005)
+        pkg = run_test(loaded(cfg=dict(report_basis='package')))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pkg['final_otr_cc_pkg_day'], pkg['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] * TEST_AREA_M2 * CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S)
+
+    def test30_over_range_protection(self):
+        h = loaded(thickness=25e-6)                                    # PET 25 um ~ 257 cc/(m2 day) at 23 degC > 200
+        res = run_test(h)
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'sensor_over_range')
+        self.assertEqual(res['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(h.ledger()['over_range_events'], 1)
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.over_range)
+        empty = loaded(template=PET, mount=None, clamp=False)
+        call(empty, 'drawer.move', cell='A', open=True); empty.step(3.0)
+        call(empty, 'sample.unmount', cell='A')
+        call(empty, 'drawer.move', cell='A', open=False); empty.step(3.0)
+        call(empty, 'cell.load_unload', cell='A'); empty.step(600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(run_test(empty)['validity'], 'sensor_over_range')     # an empty cartridge floods the sensor
+
+    def test31_individual_zero_removes_ambient_ingress_not_edge_leak(self):
+        leaky = run_test(loaded(plant=dict(ambient_ingress_mol_s_pa=4e-15, truseal_flush_efficiency=0.0)))
+        clean = run_test(loaded())
+        self.assertLess(abs(leaky['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] - clean['final_otr_mol_m2_s']) / clean['final_otr_mol_m2_s'], 0.02)
+        self.assertGreater(leaky['individual_zero_mol_m2_s'], 0.5 * 4e-15 * 0.2095 * 1e5 / TEST_AREA_M2)
+        edge = run_test(loaded(plant=dict(edge_leak_mol_s_pa=1e-17)))
+        bias = 1e-17 * 0.999 * 101325 / TEST_AREA_M2
+        self.assertGreater(edge['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] - clean['final_otr_mol_m2_s'], 0.8 * bias)
+
+    def test32_two_cells_share_one_sensor_with_rezero(self):
+        h = configured(cells=('A', 'B'))
+        loaded(h=h, cell='A')
+        loaded(h=h, cell='B', template='poly_vinyl_chloride', thickness=50e-6)
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A'); call(h, 'test.start', cell='B')
+        seen = set()
+        for _ in range(600):
+            h.step(600.0)
+            seen.add(h.route)
+            if all(h.cells[c]['test']['phase'] != 'running' for c in 'AB'):
+                break
+        self.assertTrue({'A', 'B', 'Z'} <= seen)
+        a, b = call(h, 'test.result', cell='A'), call(h, 'test.result', cell='B')
+        self.assertEqual(a['validity'], 'valid'); self.assertEqual(b['validity'], 'valid')
+        self.assertLess(abs(b['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] - steady_otr('poly_vinyl_chloride', 50e-6)) / steady_otr('poly_vinyl_chloride', 50e-6), 0.02)
+
+    def test33_standard_mode_cycles_and_start_zero(self):
+        h = loaded(cfg=dict(test_mode='standard', cycles=4, individual_zero='start', conditioning_hours=0.0))
+        res = run_test(h)
+        kinds = [r['kind'] for r in res['readings']]
+        self.assertEqual(kinds.count('exam'), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(kinds[0], 'individual_zero')
+        self.assertEqual(res['phase'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test34_conditioning_keeps_sensor_off_the_cell(self):
+        h = loaded(cfg=dict(conditioning_hours=5.0))
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        routes = set()
+        for _ in range(28):
+            h.step(600.0)
+            if h.cells['A']['phase'] == 'conditioning':
+                routes.add(h.route)
+        self.assertNotIn('A', routes)
+        self.assertGreater(h.cells['A']['p_up'], 9e4)       # test gas already on during conditioning
+
+    def test35_drawer_clamp_interlocks_and_scene_states(self):
+        h = configured()
+        call(h, 'drawer.move', cell='A', open=True)
+        h.step(DRAWER_TRAVEL_M / PLANT_EXAMPLE['drawer_speed_m_s'] / 2)
+        self.assertTrue(0 < h.read('evaluator')['drawer_a.position_m'] < DRAWER_TRAVEL_M)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('cell.load_unload', cell='A')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['drawer_a.position_m'], DRAWER_TRAVEL_M)
+        call(h, 'sample.mount', **MOUNT_EXAMPLE)
+        call(h, 'drawer.move', cell='A', open=False); h.step(5.0)
+        call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell='A')
+        h.step(PLANT_EXAMPLE['clamp_actuation_s'] / 2)
+        self.assertTrue(0 < h.read('evaluator')['clamp_a.position_m'] < CLAMP_TRAVEL_M)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        st = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(st['clamp_a.position_m'], CLAMP_TRAVEL_M)
+        self.assertTrue(st['cell_a.clamped'] and st['cell_a.indicator_on'])
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('drawer.move', cell='A', open=True)
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke('cell.load_unload', cell='A')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'TEST_ACTIVE')
+        call(h, 'test.stop', cell='A')
+        call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell='A'); h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('agent')['cell_a.clamped'])
+        self.assertGreater(h.ledger()['released_to_air_mol'], 0.0)
+
+    def test36_power_off_cancels_and_keeps_clamp(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        st = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(st['cell_a.phase'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertTrue(st['cell_a.clamped'])
+        self.assertIsNone(st['thermal.indicated_k'])
+        self.assertEqual(st['power.angle_rad'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(call(h, 'test.result', cell='A')['validity'], 'cancelled')
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.sensor_I, 0.0)
+
+    def test37_conservation_over_a_complete_workflow(self):
+        h = configured(cells=('A', 'B'))
+        loaded(h=h, cell='A'); loaded(h=h, cell='B', template='poly_vinyl_chloride', thickness=50e-6)
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A'); call(h, 'test.start', cell='B')
+        h.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h._test_active('B'))
+        call(h, 'test.stop', cell='B')
+        call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell='B'); h.step(10.0)
+        call(h, 'drawer.move', cell='B', open=True); h.step(5.0)
+        call(h, 'sample.unmount', cell='B')
+        h.step(10 * 3600.0)
+        L = call(h, 'ledger.read')
+        prov = call(h, 'provenance.read')
+        self.assertIsNone(prov['cell_b'])
+        self.assertIn('poly_ethylene_terephthalate', prov['cell_a'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(prov['operations']), 2)
+        scale = max(L['film_mounted_mol'], L['carrier_in_mol'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['film_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * scale)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['carrier_residual_balance_mol']), 1e-9 * scale)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['sensor_balance_residual_mol']), 1e-12 * max(L['sensor_input_mol'], 1e-30) + 1e-24)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['energy_residual_j']), 1e-6 * max(1.0, abs(L['tec_heat_j'])))
+        self.assertGreater(L['carrier_gas_used_mol'], 0); self.assertGreater(L['test_gas_used_mol'], 0)
+
+    def test38_step_splitting_is_consistent(self):
+        a, b = loaded(), loaded()
+        call(a, 'test.start', cell='A'); call(b, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        a.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        for _ in range(360):
+            b.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns, b.time_ns)
+        self.assertLess(abs(a.read('evaluator')['truth.cell_a.flux_mol_s'] - b.read('evaluator')['truth.cell_a.flux_mol_s']),
+                        0.01 * a.read('evaluator')['truth.cell_a.flux_mol_s'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(a.cells['A']['test']['readings']), len(b.cells['A']['test']['readings']))
+
+    def test39_no_user_gain_on_the_2_22_and_analysis(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:                     # 2/22: out-of-spec certified film -> service, no user adjustment
+            h.invoke('sensor.adjust')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'UNSUPPORTED')
+        self.assertNotIn('sensor.adjust_gain', SLOTS)
+        out = call(h, 'analysis.otr', readings_mol_m2_s=[1e-8, 1.01e-8, 1e-8], individual_zero_mol_m2_s=1e-10, window=3, driving_partial_pressure_pa=1e5,
+                   thickness_m=1e-4, convergence_percent=2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['steady_state_otr_mol_m2_s'], 1.0033333333333333e-8 - 1e-10)
+        self.assertTrue(out['converged'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['permeability_barrer'], out['permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa'] / rt.BARRER_SI)
+
+    def test40_metadata_exports_every_capability_and_slot(self):
+        meta = export_ametek_oxtran_contract_metadata()
+        self.assertEqual(set(meta['capabilities']), set(CAPS))
+        self.assertEqual(set(meta['state_slots']), set(SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']) if hasattr(asset_tool, 'lint_schema') else [], [], k)
+            validate(c['input_schema'], c['example_arguments'])
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            if s['origin'] == 'process_truth':
+                self.assertIn(s['visibility'], ('evaluator', 'debug'))
+        self.assertEqual(set(WRITE_VIA), {'thermal.target_k', 'humidity.target_fraction'})
+
+
+    def test41_high_permeance_film_is_stable_and_matches_coupled_steady_state(self):
+        # most permeable template with a measured D, thin film, tiny carrier chamber: film and chamber strongly coupled
+        lib = library()
+        top = max((k for k in lib if lib[k]['oxygen_diffusivity_m2_s']), key=lambda k: lib[k]['oxygen_permeability_mol_m_per_m2_s_Pa'])
+        V = 1e-7
+        h = loaded(template=top, thickness=25e-6, settle=5.0, plant=dict(carrier_chamber_volume_m3=V), cfg=dict(conditioning_hours=5.0, individual_zero='none'))
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        for _ in range(24):
+            call(h, 'sim.step', dt_s=300.0)
+            ev = h.read('evaluator')
+            self.assertTrue(all(math.isfinite(v) for v in ev.values() if isinstance(v, float) and not isinstance(v, bool)))
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(ev['truth.cell_a.carrier_side_o2_mol'], 0.0)
+            self.assertEqual(h.cells['A']['phase'], 'conditioning')          # sensor bypassed: no over-range trip while conditioning
+        film = h.cells['A']['film']
+        P, D, S = h._transport(film, h.T, h._rh_true())
+        p = h.plant
+        p_up = h.cells['A']['p_up']
+        n_c = rt.molar_flow(CARRIER_FLOW_SCCM)
+        kh = n_c * GAS_CONSTANT * h.T / h._baro() / V
+        g = TEST_AREA_M2 * P / film['L']
+        q_in = p['edge_leak_mol_s_pa'] * p_up + p['ambient_ingress_mol_s_pa'] * (1 - p['truseal_flush_efficiency']) * h._air_o2_pa() + h._carrier_residual_fraction() * n_c
+        n_ss = (g * p_up + q_in) / (kh + g * GAS_CONSTANT * h.T / V)
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.cells['A']['n_h'] / n_ss - 1), 1e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(n_ss * GAS_CONSTANT * h.T / V, 0.5 * p_up)                 # carrier side far from the zero-back-pressure limit
+        L = h.ledger()
+        scale = max(L['film_mounted_mol'], L['carrier_in_mol'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['film_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * scale)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['carrier_residual_balance_mol']), 1e-9 * scale)
+
+    def test42_no_carrier_supply_means_no_sweep_and_no_sensor_flow(self):
+        h = loaded(gas=dict(carrier_supply_gauge_pa=0.0), settle=1800.0)
+        n_air = AIR_O2_FRACTION * (101325.0 - 0.45 * saturation_pressure_pa(296.15)) * PLANT_EXAMPLE['carrier_chamber_volume_m3'] / (GAS_CONSTANT * 296.15)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.cell_a.carrier_side_o2_mol'], n_air * (1 - 1e-9))   # trapped air is not flushed
+        L = h.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(L['carrier_gas_used_mol'], 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['to_sensor_mol'] + L['to_vent_mol']), 1e-18)        # no sweep (rounding-level only)
+        self.assertEqual(L['rezero_stream_mol'] + L['sensor_input_mol'], 0.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('agent')['gas.supply_ok'])
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke('test.start', cell='A')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'GAS_SUPPLY_PRESSURE_OUT_OF_RANGE')
+
+    def test43_rezero_stream_is_over_range_protected(self):
+        # no H2 in the carrier: 1000 ppm O2 x 10 sccm ~ 14 cc/day on the ReZero stream, far above the 1.25 cc/day protection limit
+        h = loaded(gas=dict(carrier_h2_fraction=0.0, carrier_o2_impurity_fraction=1e-3), cfg=dict(individual_zero='none', conditioning_hours=0.0))
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        self.assertEqual(h.seq['kind'], 'Z')
+        stream = 1e-3 * rt.molar_flow(CARRIER_FLOW_SCCM)
+        worst = 0.0
+        while h._test_active('A') and h.time_s < 40 * 3600:
+            h.step(MAX_SUBSTEP_S)
+            worst = max(worst, h.sensor_I)
+        self.assertLess(worst, 0.5 * 4 * FARADAY * stream)                          # protected within one sub-step, far below the stream's current
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(h.ledger()['over_range_events'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(h.zero_list, [])                                          # no ReZero value from a protected slot
+        self.assertEqual(call(h, 'test.result', cell='A')['validity'], 'sensor_over_range')
+
+    def test44_partial_slots_record_nothing(self):
+        # conditioning ends 20 s before the end of the first cell-A slot: that slot must not produce an exam
+        h = loaded(cfg=dict(conditioning_hours=(3600.0 - 20.0) / 3600.0, individual_zero='none', test_mode='standard', cycles=1))
+        res = run_test(h, dt=60.0)
+        times = [r['time_s'] for r in res['readings'] if r['kind'] == 'exam']
+        self.assertEqual(times, [9000.0])            # Z 0-1800, A 1800-3600 (partial), idle B, Z, A 7200-9000
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'valid')
+        self.assertLess(abs(res['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] / steady_otr(PET, 100e-6) - 1), 0.25)
+        # a test started in the middle of the other cell's idle slot waits for a complete slot
+        h = configured(cells=('A', 'B'))
+        loaded(h=h, cell='A'); loaded(h=h, cell='B', template='poly_vinyl_chloride', thickness=50e-6)
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        while not (h.seq['kind'] == 'B' and h.time_ns - h.seq['start_ns'] > 60e9):
+            h.step(30.0)
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='B')
+        start_b = h.time_s
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        exams_b = [r for r in h.cells['B']['test']['readings'] if r['kind'] == 'exam']
+        self.assertTrue(exams_b)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(exams_b[0]['time_s'], TEST_CFG_EXAMPLE['exam_minutes'] * 60.0)
+        self.assertGreater(exams_b[0]['time_s'] + start_b, start_b + 1800.0)
+
+    def test45_power_loss_during_release_unseals_the_cell(self):
+        h = loaded(settle=600.0)
+        call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell='A')                       # release stroke starts
+        h.step(PLANT_EXAMPLE['clamp_actuation_s'] / 2)
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        st = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertFalse(st['cell_a.clamped'])
+        self.assertTrue(0 < st['clamp_a.position_m'] < CLAMP_TRAVEL_M)
+        self.assertEqual(st['truth.cell_a.carrier_side_o2_mol'], 0.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke('drawer.move', cell='A', open=True)             # the platen is still part-way down
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'CARTRIDGE_CLAMPED')
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell='A'); h.step(5.0)          # completes the clamp stroke and reseals with trapped air
+        self.assertTrue(h.read('agent')['cell_a.clamped'])
+        call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell='A'); h.step(5.0)
+        call(h, 'drawer.move', cell='A', open=True); h.step(3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['drawer_a.position_m'], DRAWER_TRAVEL_M)
+        L = h.ledger()
+        scale = max(L['film_mounted_mol'], L['carrier_in_mol'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['carrier_residual_balance_mol']), 1e-9 * scale)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['film_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * scale)
+
+    def test46_analysis_inputs_are_bounded(self):
+        h = configured()
+        for bad in ([1e308, 1e308], [2e-3]):
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke('analysis.otr', readings_mol_m2_s=bad, individual_zero_mol_m2_s=None, window=2, driving_partial_pressure_pa=1e5, thickness_m=None,
+                         convergence_percent=1.0)
+        out = call(h, 'analysis.otr', readings_mol_m2_s=[1e-3, -1e-3] * (MAX_READINGS // 2), individual_zero_mol_m2_s=-1e-3, window=100,
+                   driving_partial_pressure_pa=1.0, thickness_m=0.01, convergence_percent=1.0)
+        self.assertTrue(all(math.isfinite(v) for v in out.values() if isinstance(v, float)))
+
+    def test47_describe_returns_private_copies(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        d = h.session('ag').describe(instance_id='oxtran_01')
+        n = len(rt.LIMITATIONS)
+        d['capabilities']['test.result']['limitations'].append('mutated by a caller')
+        d['state_slots']['clock.time_s']['meaning_zh'] = 'mutated'
+        self.assertEqual(len(rt.LIMITATIONS), n)
+        meta = export_ametek_oxtran_contract_metadata()
+        self.assertNotIn('mutated by a caller', meta['mechanisms']['oxygen_permeation']['limitations'])
+        self.assertNotIn('mutated by a caller', meta['capabilities']['power.set']['limitations'])
+        self.assertNotEqual(meta['state_slots']['clock.time_s']['meaning_zh'], 'mutated')
+
+    def test48_rezero_time_base_and_new_gas_invalidates_the_baseline(self):
+        h = loaded(cfg=dict(individual_zero='none', conditioning_hours=0.0, test_mode='standard', cycles=2))
+        res = run_test(h, dt=600.0)
+        self.assertEqual([z['time_s'] for z in res['rezero_readings']][:2], [1800.0, 7200.0])   # same time base as the exams
+        self.assertEqual([r['time_s'] for r in res['readings']], [3600.0, 9000.0])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(h.zero_current)
+        call(h, 'gas.configure', **dict(GAS_EXAMPLE, carrier_o2_impurity_fraction=5e-4))
+        self.assertIsNone(h.zero_current)
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        self.assertEqual(h.seq['kind'], 'Z')                        # a new supply is re-zeroed before the next exam
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.zero_current)
+
+    def test49_panel_counts_carry_the_measurement_noise(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        diffs = []
+        for _ in range(400):
+            h.step(30.0)
+            a = h.read('agent')
+            self.assertEqual(a, h.read('agent'))                                   # reads stay pure
+            sigma = math.hypot(PLANT_EXAMPLE['sensor_noise_a'], PLANT_EXAMPLE['sensor_relative_noise'] * max(h.sensor_I_o2, 0.0))
+            diffs.append((a['sensor.raw_counts'] * COUNT_A - h.read('evaluator')['truth.sensor_current_a']) / sigma)
+        rms = math.sqrt(sum(d * d for d in diffs) / len(diffs))
+        self.assertTrue(0.6 < rms < 1.6, rms)                                     # carries the declared noise, not the noise-free truth
+        # an exam reading is the panel measurement at the slot end
+        t = h.cells['A']['test']
+        n = len(t['readings'])
+        while len(t['readings']) == n:
+            before = h._measured_current()
+            h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(t['readings'][-1]['sensor_counts'], int(round(h._measured_current() / COUNT_A)))
+
+    def test50_over_range_is_detected_on_the_measured_current_and_visible(self):
+        target = 1.6 / CC_DAY_PER_MOL_S                                         # 1.6 cc/day on the sensor (> 1.25 cc/day)
+        L = steady_otr(PET, 1.0) * TEST_AREA_M2 / target
+        h = loaded(thickness=L, settle=3 * 3600.0, cfg=dict(individual_zero='none', conditioning_hours=0.0),
+                   plant=dict(sensor_noise_a=0.0, sensor_relative_noise=0.0))
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        seen = None
+        for _ in range(800):
+            h.step(10.0)
+            a = h.read('agent')
+            if a['sensor.over_range']:
+                seen = (a['sensor.route'], a['cell_a.phase'])
+                break
+        self.assertEqual(seen, ('bypass', 'failed'))
+        self.assertGreater(h.sensor_I, 0.5 * OVER_RANGE_CURRENT_A)                 # the flag is raised by the current, not by the inlet flow
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('agent')['sensor.over_range'])
+        self.assertEqual(call(h, 'test.result', cell='A')['terminal_reason'], 'SENSOR_OVER_RANGE')
+
+    def test51_continuous_mode_ends_by_operator_stop(self):
+        for zero in ('end', 'none'):
+            h = loaded(cfg=dict(test_mode='continuous', individual_zero=zero, conditioning_hours=0.0))
+            call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+            while h.cells['A']['exam_count'] < 6:
+                call(h, 'sim.step', dt_s=1800.0)
+            out = call(h, 'test.stop', cell='A')
+            if zero == 'end':
+                self.assertEqual(out['phase'], 'running')
+                self.assertEqual(h.cells['A']['phase'], 'zero_end')
+                while h._test_active('A'):
+                    call(h, 'sim.step', dt_s=1800.0)
+            res = call(h, 'test.result', cell='A')
+            self.assertEqual(res['phase'], 'succeeded')
+            self.assertEqual(res['terminal_reason'], 'TEST_COMPLETE' if zero == 'end' else 'OPERATOR_STOP')
+            self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'valid')
+            self.assertEqual(res['individual_zero_mol_m2_s'] is not None, zero == 'end')
+            self.assertEqual(h.read('agent')['cell_a.final_otr_mol_m2_s'], res['final_otr_mol_m2_s'])
+        # standard mode stopped early is still a cancellation
+        h = loaded(cfg=dict(test_mode='standard', cycles=10, individual_zero='none', conditioning_hours=0.0))
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A'); h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(call(h, 'test.stop', cell='A')['phase'], 'cancelled')
+
+    def test52_humidity_change_during_a_test_is_flagged(self):
+        h = loaded(cfg=dict(test_mode='standard', cycles=4, individual_zero='none', conditioning_hours=0.0))
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        h.step(2 * 3600.0)
+        call(h, 'humidity.set', rh_fraction=0.9)
+        res = run_test(h) if False else None
+        while h._test_active('A'):
+            call(h, 'sim.step', dt_s=1800.0)
+        res = call(h, 'test.result', cell='A')
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'humidity_out_of_tolerance')
+        self.assertEqual(res['conditions']['target_rh'], 0.0)
+
+    def test53_humidity_coefficient_is_a_mount_prior_without_agent_oracle(self):
+        h = configured()
+        call(h, 'drawer.move', cell='A', open=True); h.step(3.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:                                   # even for a dry test
+            h.invoke('sample.mount', **dict(MOUNT_EXAMPLE, template_id='polyacrylonitrile'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'HUMIDITY_COEFFICIENT_REQUIRED')
+        call(h, 'sample.mount', **dict(MOUNT_EXAMPLE, template_id='polyacrylonitrile', humidity_coefficient=0.0))
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        r = h.session('ag').invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='humidity.set', arguments={'rh_fraction': 0.5}, request_id='rh')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')                                     # no template-class dependent rejection
+
+    def test54_provenance_is_bounded(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        for _ in range(MAX_PROVENANCE + 5):
+            h.invoke('test.start', cell='A')
+            h.invoke('test.stop', cell='A')
+        prov = call(h, 'provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual(len(prov['operations']), MAX_PROVENANCE)
+        self.assertEqual(prov['operations'][-1]['operation_id'], h.cells['A']['test']['op'])
+
+    def test55_ledgers_are_real_conservation_checks(self):
+        h = configured(cells=('A', 'B'), cfg=dict(conditioning_hours=0.5))
+        loaded(h=h, cell='A'); loaded(h=h, cell='B', template='poly_vinyl_chloride', thickness=50e-6)
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A'); call(h, 'test.start', cell='B')
+        h.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        call(h, 'humidity.set', rh_fraction=0.4); call(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=303.15)
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        call(h, 'test.stop', cell='B'); call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell='B'); h.step(5.0)
+        call(h, 'drawer.move', cell='B', open=True); h.step(3.0)
+        call(h, 'sample.unmount', cell='B')
+        call(h, 'sample.mount', **dict(MOUNT_EXAMPLE, cell='B', template_id='polystyrene', thickness_m=500e-6))
+        h.step(1200.0)
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False); h.step(1800.0); call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        call(h, 'drawer.move', cell='B', open=False); h.step(3.0)
+        call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell='B')
+        h.step(20 * 3600.0)
+        L = call(h, 'ledger.read')
+        scale = max(L['film_mounted_mol'], L['carrier_in_mol'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['film_residual_mol']), 1e-12 * scale)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['carrier_residual_balance_mol']), 1e-12 * scale)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['sensor_balance_residual_mol']), 1e-13 * L['sensor_input_mol'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['energy_residual_j']), 1e-9 * abs(L['tec_heat_j']))
+        self.assertGreater(L['sensor_discarded_mol'], 0.0)
+        # the residuals are not identities: an O2 amount that appears without a booked flux shows up
+        h.cells['A']['n_h'] += 1e-9
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['carrier_residual_balance_mol'] / -1e-9, 1.0, places=3)
+        h.cells['A']['conc'][0] += 1.0
+        f = h.cells['A']['film']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['film_residual_mol'] / -(f['dx'] * f['area']), 1.0, places=3)
+
+    def test56_rezero_over_range_fails_every_active_test_once(self):
+        h = configured(cells=('A', 'B'), gas=dict(carrier_h2_fraction=0.0, carrier_o2_impurity_fraction=1e-3), cfg=dict(individual_zero='none', conditioning_hours=0.0))
+        loaded(h=h, cell='A'); loaded(h=h, cell='B', template='poly_vinyl_chloride', thickness=50e-6)
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A'); call(h, 'test.start', cell='B')
+        self.assertEqual(h.seq['kind'], 'Z')
+        for _ in range(360):
+            h.step(10.0)
+        for cell in 'AB':
+            res = call(h, 'test.result', cell=cell)
+            self.assertEqual((res['phase'], res['validity'], res['terminal_reason']), ('failed', 'sensor_over_range', 'SENSOR_OVER_RANGE'))
+            self.assertEqual(res['exam_count'], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['over_range_events'], 1)                  # the tripped stream is not re-entered
+        self.assertEqual(h.zero_list, [])
+        self.assertIsNone(h.seq)
+
+    def test57_cancel_aborts_even_a_continuous_test(self):
+        h = loaded(cfg=dict(test_mode='continuous', individual_zero='end', conditioning_hours=0.0))
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('ag')
+        op = s.invoke(instance_id='oxtran_01', capability_id='test.start', arguments={'cell': 'A'}, request_id='s')['operation_id']
+        h.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        c = s.cancel(op, 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual((c['status'], c['result']['phase']), ('succeeded', 'cancelled'))
+        self.assertEqual(s.cancel(op, 'c1'), c)
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(op)['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(op)['result']['validity'], 'cancelled')
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            s.cancel(op, 'c2')
+        call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell='A')                                # no longer TEST_ACTIVE
+
+    def test58_no_exam_without_a_baseline(self):
+        pvc = 'poly_vinyl_chloride'
+        kw = dict(template=pvc, thickness=50e-6, cfg=dict(test_mode='standard', cycles=1, individual_zero='none', conditioning_hours=0.0), inst=dict(rezero_frequency=3))
+        h = loaded(**kw)
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        h.step(3600.0 - 100.0)                                                 # Z 0-1800, A 1800-3600: 100 s before the first exam
+        call(h, 'test.stop', cell='A')
+        call(h, 'gas.configure', **dict(GAS_EXAMPLE, carrier_o2_impurity_fraction=5e-4))   # new cylinder: baseline invalid
+        call(h, 'test.start', cell='A')
+        while h._test_active('A'):
+            h.step(600.0)
+        res = call(h, 'test.result', cell='A')
+        self.assertTrue(res['rezero_readings'])
+        self.assertLess(res['rezero_readings'][0]['time_s'], res['readings'][0]['time_s'])
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'valid')
+        self.assertLess(abs(res['final_otr_mol_m2_s'] / steady_otr(pvc, 50e-6) - 1), 0.03)
+
+    def test59_capability_metadata_is_specific(self):
+        meta = export_ametek_oxtran_contract_metadata()
+        slots = meta['state_slots']
+        pre = {json.dumps(c['preconditions'], ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True) for c in meta['capabilities'].values() if c['preconditions']}
+        self.assertGreater(len(pre), 8)                                         # not one template for every command
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertNotEqual(e['meaning_zh'], e['code'], k)
+                self.assertNotIn(e['code'], ('TEST_COMPLETE', 'OPERATOR_STOP'), k)   # success reasons are not errors
+            for sid in c['observes'] + [x for p in c['preconditions'] for x in p['state_ids']]:
+                self.assertIn(sid, slots, k)
+            if c['visibility'] == 'agent':
+                self.assertTrue(all(slots[sid]['visibility'] == 'agent' for sid in c['observes']), k)
+            if c['availability'] == 'implemented' and c['kind'] not in ('analysis', 'query'):
+                self.assertTrue(c['observes'] or k == 'test.configure', k)
+        params = meta['mechanisms']['oxygen_permeation']['parameters']
+        humanized = [k for k, v in params.items() if v['meaning_zh'].split('；')[0].replace(' ', '_').lower() == k.lower()]
+        self.assertEqual(humanized, [])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(slots['truth.cell_a.test_side_o2_pa']['reference_conditions'])
+        for k in ('humidity_coefficient', 'permeability_override_mol_m_per_m2_s_pa', 'diffusivity_override_m2_s', 'declared_thickness_m', 'manual_barometer_pa'):
+            self.assertIn(k, params)                                                # nullable host priors are exported too
+        caps = meta['capabilities']
+        self.assertNotIn('ACCESS_DENIED', [e['code'] for e in caps['test.start']['errors']])   # agent-visible and not foreign-guarded
+        self.assertIn('ACCESS_DENIED', [e['code'] for e in caps['test.stop']['errors']])
+        self.assertIn('INVALID_ARGUMENT', [e['code'] for e in caps['sensor.adjust']['errors']])
+        # the preconditions that reject test.start / cell.load_unload are visible to an agent
+        h = loaded(cells=('A',), clamp=False)
+        a = h.read('agent')
+        self.assertTrue(a['cell_a.method_configured'] and not a['cell_b.method_configured'])
+        call(h, 'cell.load_unload', cell='A')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read('agent')['cell_a.clamp_moving'])
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('agent')['cell_a.clamp_moving'])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_hit300.py b/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_hit300.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a3743e14aa4826ded71876f3e24f15080e6a15a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_hit300.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+"""CHEM130 empirical indentation, finite work, OP observation and session tests."""
+import copy,hashlib,importlib.util,json,math,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import antonpaar_hit300 as rt
+OBSERVED=[];STATES=[]
+def canonical(v):
+ if isinstance(v,dict):return {str(k):canonical(x) for k,x in v.items()}
+ if isinstance(v,(list,tuple)):return [canonical(x) for x in v]
+ if isinstance(v,np.ndarray):return v.tolist()
+ return v
+def state(h):return json.dumps(canonical(h.__dict__),sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ before=h.read();r=h.invoke(k,**a);after=h.read();json.dumps(r,allow_nan=False);json.dumps(after,allow_nan=False);OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));STATES.append(after)
+ changed={x for x in before if before[x]!=after[x]}
+ if not changed<=set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects']):raise AssertionError((k,'undeclared state effects',changed-set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects'])))
+ return r
+def step(h,t):h.step(t);STATES.append(h.read());json.dumps(h.read(),allow_nan=False)
+def setup(name='hit_test',plant=None,sample=None,method=None,calibration=None):
+ h=rt.AntonpaarHit300Runtime(name)
+ for k,a in [('plant.configure',dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {}))),('specimen.load',dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {}))),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('clamp.set',{'locked':True}),('stage.set_y',{'position_m':.02,'accept_manual':True}),('stage.move_x',{'position_m':.02,'speed_m_s':.005}),('sensor.zero',{}),('sensor.calibrate',dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,**(calibration or {}))),('head.set_position',{'distance_m':0.})]:call(h,k,**a)
+ step(h,9.);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,x_positions_m=[.02],hold_s=.2),**(method or {})));return h
+def run(h):
+ call(h,'acquisition.start')
+ for _ in range(4000):
+  step(h,.1)
+  if h.phase!='running':break
+ if h.phase=='running':raise AssertionError('no finite terminal state')
+ return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+def park(h):
+ if h.phase=='running':call(h,'acquisition.stop')
+ step(h,3.);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=False);call(h,'head.set_position',distance_m=.09);step(h,9.)
+def cleanup(h):park(h);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=False);call(h,'specimen.remove');call(h,'power.set',enabled=False)
+def fixture(m=1.5,frame=0.,n=101):
+ x=np.linspace(1.,.05,n);p=.005*x**m;h=1e-7+1e-7*x+frame*p;return p.tolist(),h.tolist()
+class TestHIT300(unittest.TestCase):
+ def rejected(self,h,k,error='.',**a):
+  before=state(h)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,error):h.invoke(k,**a)
+  self.assertEqual(before,state(h))
+ def ledger(self,h):
+  l=call(h,'ledger.read');self.assertLess(abs(l['sample_error_kg']),1e-13);self.assertLess(abs(l['volume_error_m3']),1e-19);self.assertLess(abs(l['energy_error_j']),1e-19);self.assertLess(abs(l['thermal_error_j']),1e-19);self.assertGreaterEqual(l['pristine_volume_m3'],0.);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['plastic_work_j'],l['heat_input_j']+l['defect_stored_j'],places=20);return l
+ def test_01_raw_source_time_padding_and_branch_preservation(self):
+  r=rt.library()['substances']['borofloat33_5mn_rep1'];original=json.dumps(r,sort_keys=True);m=rt.source_model(r,True);self.assertEqual(len(r['values']['load_n']),652);self.assertIsNone(r['values']['time_s']);self.assertEqual(m['projection']['padding_nodes_excluded'],540);self.assertEqual(m['projection']['active_last_index'],111);self.assertGreater(m['projection']['elastic_release_below_observed_min_load_n'],0);self.assertEqual(original,json.dumps(r,sort_keys=True));self.assertGreater(m['maximum_load'],.005);self.assertTrue(np.all(np.diff(m['plastic'])>=0))
+ def test_02_two_real_materials_drive_different_observed_outputs(self):
+  moduli=[]
+  for rid in ['borofloat33_5mn_rep1','soda_lime_glass_5mn_rep1']:
+   h=setup(sample={'reference_id':rid});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(r['completed_indents'],1);self.assertIsNotNone(r['points'][0]['analysis']);self.assertEqual(r['reference_id'],rid);moduli.append(r['points'][0]['analysis']['sample_modulus_pa']);self.ledger(h)
+  self.assertNotEqual(*moduli)
+ def test_03_full_array_load_release_retract_move_and_history(self):
+  h=setup(method={'x_positions_m':[.02,.022]});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['completed_indents'],2);self.assertEqual(len(r['points']),2);self.assertEqual(len(h.damage),2);self.assertGreater(h.damage[0]['plastic_depth_m'],0);self.assertEqual(h.stage_y,.02);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage_x,.022);phases={x['phase'] for x in r['rows']};self.assertTrue({'loading','holding','unloading','release','retracting','moving','approaching'}<=phases);self.assertEqual(h.force,0.);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_04_actual_load_is_not_target_and_read_never_steps(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.force,0.);before=state(h)
+  for _ in range(3):h.read();call(h,'acquisition.result');h.describe()
+  self.assertEqual(state(h),before);step(h,.1);self.assertGreater(h.force,0.);self.assertLess(h.force,h.force_target);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.force_target,.1*h.method['loading_rate_n_s']);self.assertGreater(h.plastic_depth,0.)
+ def test_05_op_analytic_powerlaw_hardness_and_reduced_vs_sample_modulus(self):
+  for exponent in [1.2,1.5,2.,2.8]:
+   p,h=fixture(exponent);c=rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE;r=rt.oliver_pharr(p,h,c);s=.005*exponent/1e-7;hc=2e-7-c['epsilon']*.005/s;area=24.5*hc*hc;er=math.sqrt(math.pi)*s/(2*c['beta']*math.sqrt(area));e=(1-c['poisson_sample']**2)/(1/er-(1-c['poisson_tip']**2)/c['young_tip_pa']);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['unloading_exponent'],exponent,delta=1e-6);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['hardness_pa'],.005/area,delta=1000);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sample_modulus_pa'],e,delta=10000);self.assertNotEqual(r['sample_modulus_pa'],r['reduced_modulus_pa'])
+ def test_06_frame_compliance_corrected_once(self):
+  p,h=fixture(frame=3e-7);base=rt.oliver_pharr(*fixture(),rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);good=rt.oliver_pharr(p,h,dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,frame_compliance_m_n=3e-7));bad=rt.oliver_pharr(p,h,rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);self.assertAlmostEqual(good['stiffness_n_m'],base['stiffness_n_m'],delta=.01);self.assertAlmostEqual(good['sample_modulus_pa'],base['sample_modulus_pa'],delta=1000);self.assertGreater(abs(bad['stiffness_n_m']-good['stiffness_n_m']),100)
+ def test_07_op_rejects_loading_creep_nose_and_bad_window(self):
+  hst=setup();p,h=fixture();a=dict(load_n=p,depth_m=h,calibration=rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);self.rejected(hst,'analysis.oliver_pharr','NOT_UNLOADING',**dict(a,load_n=p[::-1],depth_m=h[::-1]));nose=h.copy();nose[2]=h[0]*1.1;self.rejected(hst,'analysis.oliver_pharr','UNLOADING_NOSE',**dict(a,depth_m=nose));self.rejected(hst,'analysis.oliver_pharr','FIT_DATA',**dict(a,depth_m=h[:-1]));self.rejected(hst,'analysis.oliver_pharr','CALIBRATION_DOMAIN',**dict(a,calibration=dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,fit_min_fraction=.8,fit_max_fraction=.5)));self.rejected(hst,'analysis.oliver_pharr','ELASTIC_UNLOADING_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(a,calibration=dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,accept_elastic_unloading=False)))
+ def test_08_op_peak_depth_is_paired_not_global_max(self):
+  p,h=fixture();h[1]=h[0]*1.001;r=rt.oliver_pharr(p,h,rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);self.assertEqual(r['max_depth_m'],h[0]);self.assertNotEqual(r['max_depth_m'],max(h))
+ def test_09_area_domain_and_tip_poisson_correction_fail_explicitly(self):
+  h=setup();p,d=fixture();a=dict(load_n=p,depth_m=d,calibration=dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,area_min_depth_m=1e-6));self.rejected(h,'analysis.oliver_pharr','CONTACT_AREA_DOMAIN',**a);a['calibration']=dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,young_tip_pa=1e9);self.rejected(h,'analysis.oliver_pharr','MODULUS_DOMAIN',**a)
+ def test_10_live_analysis_uses_only_observed_unloading(self):
+  h=setup();r=run(h);rr=[x for x in r['rows'] if x['phase']=='unloading'];external=call(h,'analysis.oliver_pharr',load_n=[x['force_n'] for x in rr],depth_m=[x['depth_m'] for x in rr],calibration=rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);self.assertEqual(external,r['points'][0]['analysis']);self.assertIn('h_corrected',external['evidence'])
+ def test_11_no_fake_success_on_sparse_analysis(self):
+  h=setup(method={'sample_interval_s':2.});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertIsNone(r['points'][0]['analysis']);self.assertIn(r['points'][0]['analysis_error'],['FIT_POINTS','FIT_DATA']);self.assertEqual(r['completed_indents'],1)
+ def test_12_known_force_program_exact_and_actual_phase_times(self):
+  h=setup(method={'hold_s':1.});r=run(h);phases={k:[x for x in r['rows'] if x['phase']==k] for k in ['loading','holding','unloading','release']};self.assertAlmostEqual(phases['holding'][0]['time_s']-phases['loading'][0]['time_s'],3.,places=9);self.assertAlmostEqual(phases['unloading'][0]['time_s']-phases['holding'][0]['time_s'],1.,places=9);self.assertAlmostEqual(phases['release'][0]['time_s']-phases['unloading'][0]['time_s'],3.,places=9);self.assertGreater(r['elapsed_s'],7.);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],r['elapsed_s'])
+ def test_13_piecewise_plastic_work_matches_independent_source_integral(self):
+  h=setup();r=run(h);pmax=h.method['peak_load_n'];p=h.model['load'];hp=h.model['plastic'];grid=np.r_[0.,p[(p>0)&(p<pmax)],pmax];plastic=np.interp(grid,p,hp);expected=float(np.sum(.5*(grid[1:]+grid[:-1])*np.diff(plastic)));l=self.ledger(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['plastic_work_j'],expected,delta=1e-19);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.plastic_depth,float(np.interp(pmax,p,hp)),places=17);m=h.model['exponent'];elastic=pmax*(pmax/h.model['coefficient'])**(1/m)/(m+1);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['elastic_recovered_j'],elastic,delta=1e-17);self.assertEqual(l['elastic_stored_j'],0.)
+ def test_14_finite_mass_persistent_deformation_and_recovery(self):
+  h=setup();mass=h._ledger()['sample_present_kg'];run(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertEqual(l['sample_present_kg'],mass);self.assertGreater(l['deformed_volume_m3'],0);self.assertGreater(l['pristine_volume_m3'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['deformed_volume_m3'],h.specimen['deformation_shape_factor']*h.specimen['deformation_area_c2']*h.plastic_depth**3,delta=1e-32);cleanup(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertEqual(l['sample_present_kg'],0.);self.assertEqual(l['sample_recovered_kg'],mass);self.assertEqual(l['deformed_volume_m3'],0.)
+ def test_15_reject_same_position_overlap_and_allow_new_manual_y(self):
+  h=setup();run(h);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','POSITION_ALREADY_DAMAGED');park(h);call(h,'stage.set_y',position_m=.021,accept_manual=True);call(h,'head.set_position',distance_m=0.);step(h,9.);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(h.damage),2)
+  h=setup(method={'x_positions_m':[.02,.02001]});self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','ARRAY_OVERLAP')
+ def test_16_atomic_hardware_limits_and_sampling_grid(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for field,v in [('peak_load_n',.500001),('peak_load_n',0.),('x_positions_m',[.04001]),('sample_interval_s',.15),('sample_interval_s',.16)]:self.rejected(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,**{field:v}))
+  for dt in [True,-.1,float('nan'),float('inf')]:self.rejected(h,'sim.step',dt_s=dt)
+  self.rejected(h,'stage.move_x',position_m=.05,speed_m_s=.01);self.rejected(h,'head.set_position',distance_m=.09001);self.rejected(h,'power.set',enabled=1);self.rejected(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,unexpected=1))
+ def test_17_source_load_range_unknown_conditions_and_explicit_transfer(self):
+  h=setup(method={'peak_load_n':.01});self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','REFERENCE_LOAD_DOMAIN');h=setup(sample={'accept_unknown_conditions':False});self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','UNKNOWN_REFERENCE_CONDITIONS');h=setup(sample={'accept_condition_transfer':False},method={'hold_s':5.,'peak_load_n':.002});self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','REFERENCE_CONDITIONS');h=rt.AntonpaarHit300Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);self.rejected(h,'specimen.load','MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_elastic_release_extrapolation=False))
+ def test_18_dynamic_strain_rate_hold_and_noise_unsupported(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for key,v in [('mode','dynamic'),('control','strain_rate')]:self.rejected(h,'method.configure','UNSUPPORTED',**dict(h.method,**{key:v}))
+  self.rejected(h,'method.configure','HOLD_MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(h.method,accept_no_creep_hold=False))
+  for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:self.rejected(h,k,'UNSUPPORTED')
+ def test_19_manual_y_requires_clearance_acceptance_and_no_automatic_y(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'stage.set_y','HEAD_NOT_CLEAR',position_m=.01,accept_manual=True);park(h);self.rejected(h,'stage.set_y','MANUAL_ACTION_NOT_ACCEPTED',position_m=.01,accept_manual=False);t=h.time_s;call(h,'stage.set_y',position_m=.01,accept_manual=True);self.assertEqual(h.time_s,t);self.assertEqual(h.stage_y,.01);call(h,'stage.move_x',position_m=.03,speed_m_s=.005);self.assertEqual(h.stage_x,.02);step(h,1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage_x,.025);self.assertEqual(h.stage_y,.01)
+ def test_20_common_reference_ring_drift_cancels_not_differential(self):
+  a=setup();b=setup(plant={'common_drift_m_s':5e-9});c=setup(plant={'differential_drift_m_s':5e-9});ra=run(a);rb=run(b);rc=run(c)
+  for x,y in zip(ra['rows'],rb['rows']):
+   if x['depth_m'] is not None:self.assertAlmostEqual(x['depth_m'],y['depth_m'],places=19)
+  self.assertNotEqual(ra['rows'][-1]['tip_indicated_m'],rb['rows'][-1]['tip_indicated_m']);self.assertGreater(abs(rc['points'][0]['analysis']['hardness_pa']-ra['points'][0]['analysis']['hardness_pa']),1e8)
+ def test_21_frame_compliance_and_sensor_gain_change_observations(self):
+  a=setup();b=setup(plant={'frame_compliance_m_n':3e-7},calibration={'frame_compliance_m_n':3e-7});c=setup(plant={'force_gain':.9,'depth_gain':1.03});ra=run(a)['points'][0]['analysis'];rb=run(b)['points'][0]['analysis'];rc=run(c)['points'][0]['analysis'];self.assertLess(abs(rb['hardness_pa']/ra['hardness_pa']-1),.002);self.assertGreater(abs(rc['hardness_pa']/ra['hardness_pa']-1),.05);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.plastic_work,b.plastic_work,places=20);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.plastic_work,c.plastic_work,places=20)
+ def test_22_external_sensor_zero_no_free_truth(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'force_offset_n':1e-5,'depth_offset_m':2e-9});park(h);call(h,'sensor.zero');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.calibration['force_zero_n'],1e-5,places=14);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.calibration['depth_zero_m'],2e-9,places=16);self.assertEqual(h.read()['depth.indicated_m'],None);self.assertNotIn('sample_modulus_pa',h.__dict__)
+ def test_23_nanowatt_heat_stable_energy_and_defect_partition(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'heat_loss_w_k':0.,'plastic_heat_fraction':.7});run(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertGreater(l['thermal_stored_j'],1e-11);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['thermal_stored_j'],.7*l['plastic_work_j'],delta=1e-23);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['defect_stored_j'],.3*l['plastic_work_j'],delta=1e-23)
+  h=setup(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':1e-6,'heat_loss_w_k':1000.});run(h);self.assertGreaterEqual(h.temperature,296.15);self.assertLess(h.temperature,296.15001);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_24_passive_cooling_tracks_nanojoules_without_absolute_T_loss(self):
+  h=setup();run(h);e=h.thermal_excess_j;step(h,10.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.thermal_excess_j,e*math.exp(-.1),delta=1e-23);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_25_finite_thickness_failure_and_no_material_deletion(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'thickness_m':1e-8});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'SPECIMEN_THICKNESS');self.assertLess(r['elapsed_s'],3.);self.assertLessEqual(h._depth(),1e-8+1e-16);self.assertEqual(r['completed_indents'],0);self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],r['elapsed_s']);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_26_force_sensor_overrange_and_tiny_thermal_domain(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'depth_gain':10.,'depth_offset_m':.000199});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'SENSOR_OVER_RANGE');self.assertIsNone(r['rows'][-1]['depth_m']);self.ledger(h)
+  h=setup(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':1e-6,'heat_loss_w_k':0.,'temperature_max_k':296.150001});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'THERMAL_MODEL_RANGE');self.assertLessEqual(h.temperature,296.150001);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_27_cancel_partial_array_keeps_damage_and_force(self):
+  h=setup(method={'x_positions_m':[.02,.022]});call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,7.);self.assertEqual(h.completed,1);step(h,2.);call(h,'acquisition.stop');r=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.assertEqual(r['completed_indents'],1);self.assertEqual(r['points'][-1]['phase'],'cancelled');force=h.force;depth=h.damage[-1]['plastic_depth_m'];self.assertGreater(force,0);self.rejected(h,'contact.set','LOAD_NOT_RELEASED',engaged=False);step(h,3.);self.assertEqual(h.force,0.);self.assertEqual(h.damage[-1]['plastic_depth_m'],depth);self.assertEqual(r,call(h,'acquisition.result'));self.ledger(h)
+ def test_28_emergency_timeout_and_explicit_no_auto_resume(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.5);call(h,'emergency.stop');self.assertEqual(h.error,'SOFTWARE_STOP');self.rejected(h,'emergency.reset','LOAD_NOT_RELEASED');step(h,3.);call(h,'emergency.reset');self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.ledger(h)
+  h=setup(method={'timeout_s':.2});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'TIMEOUT');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],.2)
+ def test_29_array_reject_prevalidated_later_damage_and_overlap(self):
+  h=setup();run(h);park(h);call(h,'stage.move_x',position_m=.022,speed_m_s=.005);step(h,1.);call(h,'head.set_position',distance_m=0.);step(h,9.);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,x_positions_m=[.022,.02]));self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','POSITION_ALREADY_DAMAGED');self.assertEqual(len(h.damage),1)
+ def test_30_frozen_result_survives_sample_calibration_and_method(self):
+  h=setup();r=run(h);op=r['operation_id'];cleanup(h);call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,area_c2=30.));call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,peak_load_n=.001));call(h,'specimen.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='soda_lime_glass_5mn_rep1'));self.assertEqual(r,call(h,'acquisition.result'));self.assertEqual(r,h.records[op]);self.assertEqual(r['reference_id'],'borofloat33_5mn_rep1')
+ def test_31_pure_queries_and_owner_not_stolen(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start')['operation_id'];step(h,.3);before=state(h);h.read();h.describe();s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);s.poll(op);call(h,'reference.query',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']);call(h,'ledger.read');self.assertEqual(state(h),before);q=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='result');self.assertIsNone(q['operation_id']);self.assertEqual(h._owners[op],'agent');json.dumps(q,allow_nan=False)
+ def test_32_session_identity_owner_and_request_idempotence(self):
+  h=setup();h.register_principal('other');a=h.session();b=h.session('other');args=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start');r=a.invoke(**args);self.assertEqual(r,a.invoke(**args));op=r['operation_id']
+  for k in ['acquisition.result','acquisition.stop']:self.assertEqual(b.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments={},request_id=k)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+  for fn in [lambda:b.poll(op),lambda:b.cancel(op,'cancel')]:
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):fn()
+  self.assertEqual(a.invoke(**dict(args,capability_id='power.set',arguments={'enabled':False}))['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');c=a.cancel(op,'cancel');self.assertEqual(c,a.cancel(op,'cancel'))
+ def test_33_stale_cancel_retry_keeps_new_operation_running(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();a=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='one');op=s.invoke(**a)['operation_id'];c=s.cancel(op,'cancel');step(h,.1);op2=s.invoke(**dict(a,request_id='two'))['operation_id'];self.assertEqual(c,s.cancel(op,'cancel'));self.assertEqual(h.phase,'running');self.assertEqual(h.operation_id,op2)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'REQUEST_CONFLICT'):s.cancel(op2,'cancel')
+ def test_34_agent_truth_recovery_and_writes_denied(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();meta=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertTrue(all(not k.startswith('truth.') for k in meta['state_slots']));self.assertNotIn('specimen.remove',meta['capabilities']);self.assertNotIn('ledger.read',meta['capabilities']);self.assertTrue(all(not k.startswith('truth.') for k in s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']))
+  for k in ['specimen.remove','ledger.read','plant.configure','sim.step']:
+   before=state(h);r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments=rt.CAPS[k]['example_arguments'],request_id=k);self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(before,state(h))
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.plastic_depth_m'])
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.write(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_id='force.target_n',value=.4,request_id='x')
+ def test_35_two_instances_fractional_and_large_host_steps(self):
+  a=setup('a');b=setup('b');call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');step(a,1.3)
+  for dt in [.03,.07,.25,.15,.4,.4]:step(b,dt)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);before=state(b);step(a,.1);self.assertEqual(before,state(b));call(a,'sim.step',dt_s=0.)
+  a=setup('a',plant={'force_response_tau_s':1e-5,'sensor_tau_s':1e-5});b=setup('b',plant={'force_response_tau_s':1e-5,'sensor_tau_s':1e-5});call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');step(a,8.)
+  for _ in range(80):step(b,.1)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);self.assertEqual(a.phase,'succeeded')
+ def test_36_reference_only_and_projection_acceptance(self):
+  h=setup();park(h);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=False);call(h,'specimen.remove');records=rt.library()['substances'];rid=next(k for k,r in records.items() if not r.get('runtime_usable'));self.rejected(h,'specimen.load','INVALID_REFERENCE',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id=rid));self.rejected(h,'reference.query','INVALID_REFERENCE',reference_id='missing');r=copy.deepcopy(records[rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']]);r['values']['depth_m'][5]=-1e-9
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'PROJECTION_NOT_ACCEPTED'):rt.source_model(r,False)
+  self.assertGreater(rt.source_model(r,True)['projection']['plastic_projection_nodes'],0)
+ def test_37_no_agent_hidden_elastic_or_deformation_result_fields(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s')['operation_id'];step(h,8.);r=s.poll(op);json.dumps(r,allow_nan=False)
+  def visit(v):
+   if isinstance(v,dict):
+    for k,x in v.items():self.assertFalse(k.startswith('truth.') or k in ['plastic_depth_m','elastic_depth_m','deformed_volume_m3','sample_present_kg']);visit(x)
+   elif isinstance(v,list):
+    for x in v:visit(x)
+  visit(r);visit(s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id))
+ def test_38_laser_power_interlock_and_protocol_errors(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'laser.set',enabled=True);park(h);call(h,'power.set',enabled=False);self.assertFalse(h.laser);self.rejected(h,'laser.set','NOT_READY',enabled=True);s=h.session();self.assertEqual(s.describe(asset_type_id=rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID)['asset_type_id'],rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID)
+  for fn in [lambda:s.describe(),lambda:h.session('unknown'),lambda:h.register_principal('agent'),lambda:s.read(instance_id='unknown')]:
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):fn()
+  for cap,args in [('unknown',{}),('power.set',{'enabled':3}),('dynamic.acquire',{})]:json.dumps(s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=cap,arguments=args,request_id=cap),allow_nan=False)
+ def test_39_analysis_incomplete_cancel_and_history_owner(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s')['operation_id'];step(h,1.);s.cancel(op,'cancel');result=s.poll(op);self.assertEqual(result['result']['completed_indents'],0);self.assertIsNone(result['result']['points'][0]['analysis']);self.assertEqual(result['result']['points'][0]['analysis_error'],'INCOMPLETE_UNLOADING');cleanup(h);self.assertEqual(s.poll(op),result);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_40_zero_thermal_margin_rejects_sub_ulp_heat(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'temperature_max_k':296.15});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'THERMAL_MODEL_RANGE');self.assertEqual(h.thermal_excess_j,0.);self.assertEqual(h.plastic_work,0.);self.assertEqual(r['completed_indents'],0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_zz_real_inputs_outputs_states_metadata_and_effects(self):
+  spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('hit_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(tool);meta=rt.export_antonpaar_hit300_contract_metadata();json.dumps(meta,allow_nan=False)
+  for k,c in meta['capabilities'].items():self.assertEqual(tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema'],path=k+'.input'),[]);self.assertEqual(tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema'],path=k+'.output'),[])
+  covered=set()
+  for k,a,r in OBSERVED:
+   self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(a,meta['capabilities'][k]['input_schema'],path=k+'.input'),[]);self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(r,meta['capabilities'][k]['output_schema'],path=k+'.output'),[]);covered.add(k)
+  self.assertEqual(covered,set(rt.CAPS)-set(rt.UNSUPPORTED))
+  for values in STATES:
+   self.assertEqual(set(values),set(rt.SLOTS));json.dumps(values,allow_nan=False)
+   for k,v in values.items():self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(v,meta['state_slots'][k]['value_schema'],path=k),[])
+  for k,c in meta['capabilities'].items():self.assertTrue(set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects'])<={e['state_id'] for e in c['state_effects']})
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_mcr503.py b/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_mcr503.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6bcc4b9b8a47a1fc1acd91b3559f44b1ac43b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_mcr503.py
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+"""CHEM137 tests: real templates, independent mechanics, ledgers and public protocol."""
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.integrate import quad
+from scripts.asset_runtime import antonpaar_mcr503 as r
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('mcr_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');asset_tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+OBSERVED=[]
+class Checked(r.AntonpaarMcr503Runtime):
+    def invoke(self,k,**a):
+        before=self.read();out=super().invoke(k,**a);after=self.read();changed={x for x in after if after[x]!=before[x]}
+        assert not changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']),(k,changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']))
+        assert not asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']),(k,asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']))
+        OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(out)));return out
+
+def make(plant=None,sample=None,method=None,geometry=None):
+    h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})));h.invoke('geometry.configure',**dict(r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE,**(geometry or {})));h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));h.invoke('power.set',enabled=True);h.invoke('geometry.set_gap',gap_m=.001);h.step(4.);h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=298.15);h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**(method or {})));return h
+
+def finish(h):h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(h.method['duration_s']);return h.invoke('acquisition.result')
+def remove(h):
+    if h.phase=='running':h.invoke('acquisition.stop')
+    h.invoke('geometry.set_gap',gap_m=.08);h.step(4.);h.invoke('sample.remove')
+def sessions(h):
+    for name,role in [('student','agent'),('teacher','evaluator'),('other','agent')]:h.register_principal(name,role)
+    return h.session('student'),h.session('teacher'),h.session('other')
+def call(s,c,a=None,rid='r1'):return s.invoke(instance_id=s._host.instance_id,capability_id=c,arguments=a or {},request_id=rid)
+
+class McrTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def budget(self,h):
+        d=h.invoke('ledger.read')
+        for key,value in d.items():
+            if 'error' in key:self.assertLess(abs(value),1e-8,(key,value))
+    def test_01_targets_do_not_teleport(self):
+        h=make();temp=h.temperature;h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=310.);self.assertEqual(h.temperature,temp);h.invoke('geometry.set_gap',gap_m=.08);self.assertEqual(h.gap,.001);h.step(.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.gap,.003);self.assertGreater(h.temperature,temp)
+    def test_02_read_describe_and_zero_are_pure(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        for _ in range(2):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);e.describe(asset_type_id=r.ASSET_TYPE_ID);h.step(0.)
+        self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_03_real_water_viscosity(self):
+        h=make();o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(o['rows']),201);self.assertLess(abs(o['mean_apparent_viscosity_pa_s']/r.library()['water']['viscosity_Pa_s']-1),.0002);self.assertIsNone(o['oscillation_fit']);self.assertEqual(h.angle,16.);self.budget(h)
+    def test_04_sixtynine_real_references(self):
+        lib=r.library();self.assertGreaterEqual(len(lib),50)
+        for row in lib.values():self.assertGreater(row['viscosity_Pa_s'],0);self.assertTrue(row['source']);self.assertTrue(row['evidence']);self.assertIsNone(row['storage_modulus_Pa'])
+        a=make();b=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol'});oa=finish(a);ob=finish(b);self.assertGreater(ob['mean_apparent_viscosity_pa_s']/oa['mean_apparent_viscosity_pa_s'],1000)
+    def test_05_newtonian_torque_radial_integral(self):
+        eta=.954;rate=100.;R=.0125
+        exact=quad(lambda radius:2*math.pi*eta*rate*radius/R*radius**2,0,R,epsabs=1e-15)[0]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(exact,r.pp_torque(rate,R,eta),14)
+    def test_06_hb_radial_integral(self):
+        radius=.0125;rate=100.;K=.4;n=.7;yield_stress=2.
+        numerical=quad(lambda x:2*math.pi*(yield_stress+K*(rate*x/radius)**n)*x*x,0,radius,epsabs=1e-14)[0]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(numerical,float(r.hb_torque(rate,radius,yield_stress,K,n)),13)
+    def test_07_external_hb_inverse(self):
+        h=Checked();out=h.invoke('analysis.flow_curve',**r.FLOW_EXAMPLE);self.assertAlmostEqual(out['yield_stress_pa'],.2,7);self.assertAlmostEqual(out['consistency_pa_sn'],.3,7);self.assertAlmostEqual(out['flow_index'],.7,7);self.assertIsNone(h.sample)
+    def test_08_hb_forward_apparent_viscosity(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol','constitutive_model':'herschel_bulkley','yield_stress_pa':.2,'flow_index':.7});o=finish(h);expected=float(r.hb_torque(100,.0125,.2,.954,.7))*2/(math.pi*.0125**3*100)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['mean_apparent_viscosity_pa_s'],expected,6);self.assertNotAlmostEqual(expected,.954,2);self.budget(h)
+    def test_09_external_oscillation_inverse(self):
+        h=Checked();out=h.invoke('analysis.oscillation',**r.OSC_EXAMPLE);self.assertAlmostEqual(out['storage_modulus_pa'],2.,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(out['loss_modulus_pa'],3.,12);self.assertIsNone(h.sample)
+    def test_10_newtonian_oscillation(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol'},method={'mode':'oscillation'});o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertLess(abs(o['oscillation_fit']['storage_modulus_pa']),1e-5);self.assertAlmostEqual(o['oscillation_fit']['loss_modulus_pa'],.954*2*math.pi*5,5);self.budget(h)
+    def test_11_maxwell_gprime_gdoubleprime(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol','constitutive_model':'maxwell'},method={'mode':'oscillation'});o=finish(h);u=2*math.pi*5*.05;G=.954/.05
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['oscillation_fit']['storage_modulus_pa'],G*u*u/(1+u*u),4);self.assertAlmostEqual(o['oscillation_fit']['loss_modulus_pa'],G*u/(1+u*u),4);self.budget(h)
+    def test_12_maxwell_startup_time_response(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol','constitutive_model':'maxwell'});h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.stress,0);h.step(.05);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stress,.954*100*(1-math.exp(-1)),12);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.angle,.4,12);self.budget(h)
+    def test_13_maxwell_work_independent_quadrature(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol','constitutive_model':'maxwell'},method={'mode':'oscillation'});h.invoke('acquisition.start');duration=.173
+        numerical=quad(lambda t:h._mechanical(t)['torque']*h._mechanical(t)['speed'],0,duration,epsabs=1e-16)[0];h.step(duration);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.mechanical_work,numerical,15);self.assertGreaterEqual(h.viscous_heat,0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_14_cancel_preserves_and_relaxes_energy(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol','constitutive_model':'maxwell'});h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.05);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');elastic=h.elastic;stress=h.stress;heat=h.viscous_heat;work=h.mechanical_work;rows=copy.deepcopy(h.rows);angle=h.angle;h.step(.05)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stress,stress/math.e,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.elastic,elastic/math.e**2,15);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.viscous_heat-heat,elastic-h.elastic,15);self.assertEqual(h.mechanical_work,work);self.assertEqual(h.angle,angle);self.assertEqual(h.rows,rows);self.budget(h)
+    def test_15_thermal_control_heat_balance(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=308.15);h.step(120);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.temperature,308.15,3);self.assertGreater(h.controller_input,1000);self.budget(h)
+        h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=288.15);h.step(180);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.temperature,288.15,3);self.budget(h);h.invoke('thermal.disable');T=h.temperature;h.step(5);self.assertGreater(h.temperature,T);self.budget(h)
+    def test_16_thermal_saturation_partition(self):
+        a=make(plant={'heater_max_w':2.,'cooler_max_w':1.});b=make(plant={'heater_max_w':2.,'cooler_max_w':1.})
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=300.15)
+        a.step(600)
+        for _ in range(120):b.step(5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.temperature,b.temperature,10);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.controller_input,b.controller_input,8);self.budget(a);self.budget(b)
+    def test_17_material_volume_and_remove_energy(self):
+        h=make();mass=h._mass();volume=h.sample['volume_m3'];h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=303.15);h.step(100);h.invoke('geometry.set_gap',gap_m=.08);h.step(4)
+        self.assertEqual(h._mass(),mass);self.assertEqual(h.sample['volume_m3'],volume);h.invoke('sample.remove');d=h.invoke('ledger.read');self.assertEqual(d['mass_removed_kg'],mass);self.assertEqual(d['volume_removed_m3'],volume);self.assertGreater(d['sample_removed_heat_j'],0);self.assertEqual(d['mass_present_kg'],0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_18_squeeze_and_fill_guards_atomic(self):
+        h=make();before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'SQUEEZE_FLOW_UNSUPPORTED',h.invoke,'geometry.set_gap',gap_m=.0005);self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+        h.invoke('geometry.set_gap',gap_m=.002);h.step(1);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'GAP_FILL_MISMATCH',h.invoke,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_19_below_torque_range_null(self):
+        h=make(method={'shear_rate_s_inv':1e-6});o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(o['error_code'],'TORQUE_BELOW_RANGE');self.assertIsNone(o['mean_apparent_viscosity_pa_s']);self.assertTrue(all(row['torque_nm'] is None for row in o['rows']))
+    def test_20_overload_and_angular_speed(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol','volume_m3':math.pi*.05**2*.001},geometry={'radius_m':.05},method={'shear_rate_s_inv':3000});before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'TORQUE_OVERLOAD',h.invoke,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+        h=make(method={'shear_rate_s_inv':4000});before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'ANGULAR_SPEED_RANGE',h.invoke,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_21_250hz_internal_grid(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol'},method={'mode':'oscillation','frequency_hz':250.,'duration_s':.04,'sample_interval_s':.0002,'discard_time_s':.02});o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(o['rows']),201);self.assertAlmostEqual(o['oscillation_fit']['loss_modulus_pa'],.954*2*math.pi*250,3)
+    def test_22_sampling_and_frequency_rejection(self):
+        h=make();before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        for patch in [{'frequency_hz':251.},{'mode':'oscillation','frequency_hz':250.},{'sample_interval_s':.03},{'discard_time_s':2.}]:self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.invoke,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**patch));self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_23_no_temperature_extrapolation(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'benzoic_acid'});before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',h.invoke,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_24_reference_drift_stops_at_sample(self):
+        h=make(plant={'ambient_k':303.15},method={'duration_s':10.,'sample_interval_s':.05});h.step(150);self.assertLess(abs(h.temperature-298.15),.001);h.invoke('thermal.disable');h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(10.)
+        self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE');self.assertLess(h.elapsed,10.);self.assertLess(len(h.rows),201);self.assertEqual(h.speed,0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_25_independent_calibration(self):
+        h=make(plant={'torque_gain':2.,'torque_offset_nm':1e-7});h.invoke('sensor.calibrate',torque_gain_correction=.5,torque_zero_nm=1e-7);o=finish(h);self.assertLess(abs(o['mean_apparent_viscosity_pa_s']/.0008949-1),.0002)
+    def test_26_invalid_inputs_atomic(self):
+        h=make();before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        for patch in [{'strain_amplitude':True},{'shear_rate_s_inv':float('nan')},{'bad':1}]:self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.invoke,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**patch));self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+        for dt in [-1,float('inf'),float('nan'),True]:self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.step,dt);self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_27_busy_preconditions_atomic(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.1);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        for cap,args in [('sample.remove',{}),('geometry.set_gap',{'gap_m':.08}),('thermal.set_temperature',{'temperature_k':300.}),('method.configure',r.METHOD_EXAMPLE)]:self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'BUSY',h.invoke,cap,**args);self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_28_double_instance_isolation(self):
+        a=make();b=make();before=copy.deepcopy(b.__dict__);finish(a);self.assertEqual(b.__dict__,before)
+    def test_29_float_clock_partition_rows(self):
+        a=make();b=make();a.invoke('acquisition.start');b.invoke('acquisition.start');a.step(2.)
+        for _ in range(120):b.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);self.assertEqual(a.angle,b.angle);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.mechanical_work,b.mechanical_work,14);self.budget(b)
+        c=Checked()
+        for _ in range(3600):c.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(c.time_ns,60000000000)
+    def test_30_identity_permissions(self):
+        h=make();a,e,o=sessions(h);self.assertNotIn('sample.load',a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)['capabilities']);self.assertNotIn('truth.viscosity_pa_s',a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertIn('truth.viscosity_pa_s',e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,a.read,instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.viscosity_pa_s']);self.assertEqual(call(a,'sim.step',{'dt_s':1.})['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertRaises(TypeError,a.read,instance_id=h.instance_id,role='evaluator')
+    def test_31_idempotency_owner_cancel(self):
+        h=make();a,e,o=sessions(h);start=call(a,'acquisition.start');revision=h.revision;self.assertEqual(call(a,'acquisition.start'),start);self.assertEqual(h.revision,revision);self.assertEqual(call(a,'power.set',{'enabled':False})['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');op=start['operation_id'];h.step(.5);self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,o.poll,op);self.assertEqual(call(o,'acquisition.result')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');cancel=a.cancel(op,'cancel');self.assertEqual(a.cancel(op,'cancel'),cancel);self.assertEqual(a.poll(op)['status'],'cancelled')
+    def test_32_privileged_public_provenance_is_safe(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);op=call(e,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.step(2.)
+        for data in [call(e,'acquisition.result',rid='result'),e.poll(op)]:text=json.dumps(data);self.assertNotIn('Viscosity',text);self.assertNotIn('PubChem',text);self.assertNotIn('locator',text);self.assertIn('rheology_library.json',text)
+        raw=call(e,'provenance.read',rid='provenance');self.assertEqual(raw['result']['reference_id'],'water');self.assertTrue(raw['result']['template_source']);self.assertEqual(call(a,'provenance.read')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+    def test_33_poweroff_and_archive_residue(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol','constitutive_model':'maxwell'});a,e,_=sessions(h);op=call(a,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.step(.1);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');self.assertGreater(h.elastic,0);old=a.poll(op);h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(a.poll(op),old);self.assertFalse(h.thermal_enabled);self.budget(h)
+    def test_34_restart_residual_maxwell(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'glycerol','constitutive_model':'maxwell'});h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.02);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');initial=h.stress;h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.01);expected=.954*100+(initial-.954*100)*math.exp(-.01/.05);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stress,expected,11);self.budget(h)
+    def test_35_model_acceptance_and_unsupported(self):
+        h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('geometry.configure',**r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'ASSUMPTION_NOT_ACCEPTED',h.invoke,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_engineering_rheology=False));self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+        h=make();a,_,_=sessions(h)
+        for index,key in enumerate(r.UNSUPPORTED):self.assertEqual(call(a,key,rid='u'+str(index))['status'],'unsupported')
+        h=make(sample={'constitutive_model':'herschel_bulkley'},method={'mode':'oscillation'});self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'HB_OSCILLATION_UNSUPPORTED',h.invoke,'acquisition.start')
+    def test_36_all_metadata_and_real_output_schemas(self):
+        meta=r.export_antonpaar_mcr503_contract_metadata();self.assertEqual(set(meta['state_slots']),set(r.SLOTS))
+        for key,cap in meta['capabilities'].items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(cap['input_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(cap['output_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(cap['example_arguments'],cap['input_schema']),[],key)
+        self.assertNotIn('含一阶响应',meta['state_slots']['thermal.indicated_k']['meaning_zh']);self.assertNotIn('含一阶响应',meta['state_slots']['torque.indicated_nm']['meaning_zh']);self.assertNotIn('样品瓶',meta['state_slots']['truth.temperature_k']['meaning_zh']);self.assertIn('thermal.set_temperature',meta['state_slots']['thermal.target_k']['meaning_zh'])
+        h=make();h.invoke('sim.step',dt_s=.01);h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        for key,args,result in OBSERVED:self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(result,meta['capabilities'][key]['output_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,value in h.read().items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(value,meta['state_slots'][key]['value_schema']),[],key)
+
+    def test_37_real_host_session_all_implemented_entries(self):
+        h=Checked();h.register_principal('host','evaluator');session=h.session('host')
+        actions=[('plant.configure',r.PLANT_EXAMPLE),('geometry.configure',r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE),('sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('geometry.set_gap',{'gap_m':.001}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':4.}),('thermal.set_temperature',{'temperature_k':298.15}),('method.configure',r.METHOD_EXAMPLE),('sensor.calibrate',r.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE),('acquisition.start',{}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':.5}),('acquisition.result',{}),('provenance.read',{}),('acquisition.stop',{}),('ledger.read',{}),('analysis.flow_curve',r.FLOW_EXAMPLE),('analysis.oscillation',r.OSC_EXAMPLE),('thermal.disable',{}),('geometry.set_gap',{'gap_m':.08}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':4.}),('sample.remove',{}),('power.set',{'enabled':False})]
+        for index,(cap,args) in enumerate(actions):
+            response=call(session,cap,args,str(index));self.assertIn(response['status'],['succeeded','accepted'],(cap,response));self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(response['result'],r.CAPS[cap]['output_schema']),[],cap)
+        self.assertEqual(set(k for k,_ in actions),set(r.CAPS)-set(r.UNSUPPORTED));self.budget(h)
+
+    def test_38_multiturn_pose_representation(self):
+        h=make();finish(h);first=h.read();self.assertAlmostEqual(first['rotor.angle_rad'],16.,12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(first['rotor.orientation_rad'],math.atan2(math.sin(16.),math.cos(16.)),12);self.assertGreater(first['rotor.angle_rad'],4*math.pi)
+        finish(h);second=h.read();self.assertAlmostEqual(second['rotor.angle_rad'],32.,12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(math.sin(second['rotor.orientation_rad']),math.sin(second['rotor.angle_rad']),12);self.assertAlmostEqual(math.cos(second['rotor.orientation_rad']),math.cos(second['rotor.angle_rad']),12)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(second['rotor.orientation_rad'],-math.pi);self.assertLessEqual(second['rotor.orientation_rad'],math.pi)
+        self.assertEqual(second['rotor.speed_rad_s'],0.);self.budget(h)
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_rst300.py b/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_rst300.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5558e351d7a92aa6ad659f9e3f061589a3f03f95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_rst300.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+"""CHEM129 finite scratch, observed pre/post profiles and protocol regressions."""
+import copy,hashlib,importlib.util,json,math,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import antonpaar_rst300 as rt
+OBSERVED=[];STATES=[]
+def canonical(v):
+ if isinstance(v,dict):return {str(k):canonical(x) for k,x in v.items()}
+ if isinstance(v,(list,tuple)):return [canonical(x) for x in v]
+ if isinstance(v,np.ndarray):return v.tolist()
+ return v
+def state(h):return json.dumps(canonical(h.__dict__),sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ before=h.read();r=h.invoke(k,**a);after=h.read();json.dumps(r,allow_nan=False);json.dumps(after,allow_nan=False);OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));STATES.append(after)
+ changed={x for x in before if before[x]!=after[x]}
+ if not changed<=set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects']):raise AssertionError((k,'undeclared state effects',changed-set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects'])))
+ return r
+def step(h,t):h.step(t);STATES.append(h.read());json.dumps(h.read(),allow_nan=False)
+def setup(name='rst_test',plant=None,sample=None,stylus=None,method=None):
+ h=rt.AntonpaarRst300Runtime(name)
+ for k,a in [('plant.configure',dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {}))),('specimen.load',dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {}))),('stylus.load',dict(rt.STYLUS_EXAMPLE,**(stylus or {})))]:call(h,k,**a)
+ call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=True);call(h,'sensor.zero');call(h,'head.set_position',distance_m=0.);step(h,4.);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,length_m=.0002),**(method or {})));return h
+def run(h,kind=None):
+ if kind is not None:call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,pass_kind=kind))
+ call(h,'acquisition.start')
+ for _ in range(4000):
+  step(h,.1)
+  if h.phase!='running':break
+ if h.phase=='running':raise AssertionError('operation never terminated')
+ return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+def park(h,x=0.,y=0.):
+ if h.phase=='running':call(h,'acquisition.stop')
+ step(h,2.);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=False);call(h,'head.set_position',distance_m=.04);step(h,4.);call(h,'stage.move',x_m=x,y_m=y,speed_m_s=.01);step(h,10.)
+def at_start(h):
+ park(h,h.method['start_x_m'],h.method['path_y_m']);call(h,'head.set_position',distance_m=0.);step(h,4.);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True)
+def prescanned(**kwargs):
+ h=setup(**kwargs);r=run(h,'prescan')
+ if r['phase']!='succeeded':raise AssertionError(r['error_code'])
+ at_start(h);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,pass_kind='scratch'));return h
+def cleanup(h):
+ park(h);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=False)
+ for name in ['specimen','stylus']:
+  if getattr(h,name) is not None:call(h,name+'.remove')
+ call(h,'debris.collect');call(h,'power.set',enabled=False)
+def rows(values,channel='friction_force_n',loads=None):
+ result=[]
+ for i,v in enumerate(values):
+  r=copy.deepcopy(rt._example_row);r.update(distance_m=i*.001,stage_x_m=i*.001,normal_force_n=(loads[i] if loads else 10.+i));r[channel]=v;result.append(r)
+ return result
+class TestRST300(unittest.TestCase):
+ def rejected(self,h,k,error='.',**a):
+  before=state(h)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,error):h.invoke(k,**a)
+  self.assertEqual(before,state(h))
+ def ledger(self,h):
+  l=call(h,'ledger.read')
+  for n in ['coating','substrate','stylus']:self.assertLess(abs(l[n+'_error_kg']),1e-13)
+  self.assertLess(abs(l['thermal_error_j']),1e-8);self.assertLess(abs(l['normal_error_j']),1e-12);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['heat_input_j']+l['wear_work_j'],l['tangential_work_j'],places=12);return l
+ def test_01_raw_reference_command_load_negative_force_and_null_residual(self):
+  lib=rt.library();r=lib['substances']['borofloat33_10n_r1'];before=json.dumps(r,sort_keys=True);x,mu,count=rt.curve(r,True)
+  self.assertEqual(len(x),1763);self.assertGreater(count,0);self.assertLess(r['values']['tangential_force_n'][0],0);self.assertIsNone(r['values']['residual_depth_m']);self.assertTrue(all(v==0 for v in r['values']['raw_residual_depth_m']));self.assertAlmostEqual(r['values']['normal_force_n'][0],9.99999938964844);self.assertGreater(x[0],0);self.assertTrue(np.all(mu>=0));self.assertEqual(before,json.dumps(r,sort_keys=True));self.assertGreaterEqual(sum(bool(v.get('runtime_usable')) for v in lib['substances'].values()),16)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'NEGATIVE_SOURCE_FORCE'):rt.curve(r)
+ def test_02_three_real_passes_residual_not_penetration(self):
+  h=prescanned(method={'length_m':.002});scratch=run(h);self.assertEqual(scratch['phase'],'succeeded');s=[r for r in scratch['rows'] if r['phase']=='scanning'];self.assertTrue(all(r['residual_depth_m'] is None for r in s));self.assertGreater(s[-1]['penetration_depth_m'],h.local_groove);at_start(h);post=run(h,'postscan');p=[r for r in post['rows'] if r['phase']=='scanning'];self.assertEqual(post['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertTrue(all(r['penetration_depth_m'] is None for r in p));self.assertGreater(p[-1]['residual_depth_m'],0);self.assertLess(abs(p[-1]['residual_depth_m']-h.local_groove),1e-9);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_03_force_ramp_endpoint_and_integral_moments(self):
+  from scipy.integrate import quad
+  for tau in [1e-5,.05,100.]:
+   for dt in [.000001,.01,.1,1.]:
+    f0,target,slope=3.,8.,2.;got=rt.force_ramp(f0,target,slope,tau,dt);f=lambda t:target+slope*(t-tau)+(f0-target+slope*tau)*math.exp(-t/tau);pts=sorted({v for v in [tau,5*tau,30*tau,60*tau] if v<dt});expected=[f(dt),quad(f,0,dt,points=pts,epsabs=1e-12)[0],quad(lambda t:t*f(t),0,dt,points=pts,epsabs=1e-12)[0]]
+    for a,b in zip(got,expected):self.assertAlmostEqual(a,b,delta=max(1e-10,abs(b)*1e-9))
+ def test_04_target_is_not_force_and_motion_requires_host_step(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,pass_kind='prescan'));call(h,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.force,0.);self.assertEqual(h.distance,0.);self.assertEqual(h.force_target,.1);t=h.time_s
+  for _ in range(5):call(h,'acquisition.result');h.read()
+  self.assertEqual(h.time_s,t);step(h,.1);self.assertGreater(h.force,0);self.assertLess(h.force,.1);self.assertEqual(h.distance,0.)
+ def test_05_friction_work_uses_source_axis_and_actual_force(self):
+  from scipy.integrate import quad
+  h=prescanned(method={'length_m':.0005,'initial_force_n':2.,'final_force_n':12.});w=h.tangential_work;r=run(h);s=[v for v in r['rows'] if v['phase']=='scanning'];start=s[0]['time_s'];finish=s[-1]['time_s'];duration=finish-start;v=h.method['speed_m_s'];load0=h.plant['force_response_tau_s'];f0=2.-2.*math.exp(-(start-h.operation_start)/load0);slope=10/duration;x0=h.method['source_start_distance_m'];knots=[(x-x0)/v for x in h.ref_x if x0<x<x0+h.method['length_m']]
+  f=lambda t:(2.+slope*(t-load0)+(f0-2.+slope*load0)*math.exp(-t/load0))*float(np.interp(x0+v*t,h.ref_x,h.ref_mu))*v
+  expected=quad(f,0,duration,points=knots,epsabs=1e-12,limit=2000)[0];self.assertAlmostEqual(h.tangential_work-w,expected,delta=2e-10);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['distance_m'],.0005);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_06_source_distance_and_condition_rejections_atomic(self):
+  h=prescanned();call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,source_start_distance_m=0.));self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','REFERENCE_DISTANCE_RANGE');call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,source_start_distance_m=float(h.ref_x[-1])-.00001));self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','REFERENCE_DISTANCE_RANGE')
+  h=prescanned(sample={'accept_condition_transfer':False},stylus={'cone_angle_rad':math.pi/2});self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','REFERENCE_CONDITIONS')
+  h=prescanned(sample={'accept_unknown_conditions':False});self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','UNKNOWN_REFERENCE_CONDITIONS')
+ def test_07_stage_head_access_and_software_microscope(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'stage.move','HEAD_NOT_CLEAR',x_m=.01,y_m=0.,speed_m_s=.001);self.rejected(h,'specimen.remove','HEAD_NOT_CLEAR');self.rejected(h,'head.set_position','CONTACT_ENGAGED',distance_m=.04);park(h);call(h,'tool.select',mode='microscope');self.assertTrue(h.clamped);call(h,'stage.move',x_m=.01,y_m=-.027,speed_m_s=.01);self.assertEqual(h.stage_x,0.);step(h,3.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage_y,-.027);call(h,'tool.select',mode='stylus');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_08_all_manufacturer_ranges_and_bad_inputs_are_atomic(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for field,value in [('initial_force_n',200.0001),('final_force_n',200.0001),('speed_m_s',rt.SPEED_MIN*.9),('speed_m_s',.01001),('length_m',.07001),('sample_interval_s',.15)]:self.rejected(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,**{field:value}))
+  self.rejected(h,'method.configure','STAGE_PATH_RANGE',**dict(h.method,start_x_m=.0699,length_m=.002));self.rejected(h,'method.configure','DECREASING_LOAD_UNSUPPORTED',**dict(h.method,initial_force_n=20.,final_force_n=10.))
+  for value in [True,float('nan'),float('inf'),-.1]:self.rejected(h,'sim.step',dt_s=value)
+  self.rejected(h,'power.set',enabled=1);self.rejected(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,extra=1));self.rejected(h,'head.set_position',distance_m=.04001)
+ def test_09_baseline_required_calibration_and_probe_load_match(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','PRESCAN_REQUIRED');h=prescanned();call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,depth_zero_m=1e-6));self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','BASELINE_CALIBRATION_MISMATCH');call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,scan_force_n=.2));self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','BASELINE_LOAD_MISMATCH')
+ def test_10_damaged_track_reuse_rejected_new_y_allowed(self):
+  h=prescanned();run(h);at_start(h);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','TRACK_ALREADY_DAMAGED');call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,pass_kind='prescan'));self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','TRACK_ALREADY_DAMAGED');park(h,0.,.001);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,path_y_m=.001));call(h,'head.set_position',distance_m=0.);step(h,4.);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True);self.assertEqual(run(h)['phase'],'succeeded');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_11_finite_coating_then_substrate_and_segment_volume(self):
+  h=prescanned(sample={'coating_thickness_m':1e-8});l0=h._ledger();r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');l=self.ledger(h);self.assertGreater(l['coating_removed_m3'],0);self.assertGreater(l['substrate_removed_m3'],0);volume=sum((s['x1']-s['x0'])*s['depth_m']*h.specimen['track_width_m'] for s in h.active_track['segments']);self.assertAlmostEqual(volume,l['coating_removed_m3']+l['substrate_removed_m3'],places=23);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['coating_removed_m3']*1e9+l['substrate_removed_m3']*1e9+l['stylus_removed_m3']*1e10,l['wear_work_j']-l0['wear_work_j'],places=14)
+ def test_12_tiny_stylus_exhaustion_exact_partial_and_ledger(self):
+  h=prescanned(stylus={'volume_m3':1e-15,'removal_energy_j_m3':1e3,'wear_energy_fraction':.5});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'STYLUS_EXHAUSTED');self.assertGreater(r['distance_m'],0);self.assertLess(r['distance_m'],h.method['length_m']);self.assertGreaterEqual(h.volumes['stylus'],0);self.assertLess(h.volumes['stylus'],1e-23);self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],r['elapsed_s']);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_13_local_depth_force_and_temperature_finite_boundaries(self):
+  cases=[({'contact_stiffness_n_m':1e3},None,None,'DEPTH_RANGE'),({'thermal_capacity_j_k':.001,'heat_loss_w_k':0.,'temperature_max_k':296.16},None,None,'THERMAL_MODEL_RANGE'),({}, {'substrate_thickness_m':1e-9},None,'LOCAL_SPECIMEN_THICKNESS')]
+  for plant,sample,stylus,error in cases:
+   h=prescanned(plant=plant,sample=sample,stylus=stylus);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],error);self.assertLessEqual(h._depth(),rt.DEPTH_MAX+1e-15);self.assertLessEqual(h.temperature,h.plant['temperature_max_k']+1e-12);self.ledger(h)
+  h=prescanned(method={'initial_force_n':1.,'final_force_n':150.});h.ref_mu=np.full_like(h.ref_mu,2.);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'FRICTION_FORCE_RANGE');self.assertLessEqual(h.force,100.+1e-10);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_14_energy_fractions_reject_without_loading(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'sample_wear_energy_fraction':.9},stylus={'wear_energy_fraction':.2});call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,pass_kind='prescan'));self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','ENERGY_FRACTIONS');self.assertEqual(h.force,0.)
+ def test_15_heat_adiabatic_cooling_stiff_stability_and_spring_return(self):
+  h=prescanned(plant={'heat_loss_w_k':0.,'thermal_capacity_j_k':.01});run(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.temperature,296.15+l['heat_input_j']/.01,places=8);self.assertEqual(h.force,0.);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['normal_loading_work_j'],l['normal_recovered_work_j'],places=13)
+  h=prescanned(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':.001,'heat_loss_w_k':1000.});run(h);self.assertGreaterEqual(h.temperature,296.15);self.assertLess(h.temperature,296.16);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_16_passive_cooling_and_hot_access(self):
+  h=prescanned(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':.01,'heat_loss_w_k':0.,'safe_access_temperature_k':296.150001});run(h);park(h);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=False);self.rejected(h,'specimen.remove','HOT_SPECIMEN');self.ledger(h)
+  h=prescanned(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':1.,'heat_loss_w_k':.1});run(h);start=h.temperature;step(h,3.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.temperature,296.15+(start-296.15)*math.exp(-.3),places=9)
+ def test_17_nondestructive_prescan_postscan_do_not_replenish_damage(self):
+  h=setup();v=copy.deepcopy(h.volumes);run(h,'prescan');self.assertEqual(v,h.volumes);at_start(h);run(h,'scratch');v=copy.deepcopy(h.volumes);at_start(h);run(h,'postscan');self.assertEqual(v,h.volumes);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_18_sensor_bias_coefficient_and_external_calibration(self):
+  h=prescanned(plant={'force_gain':2.,'friction_gain':1.5});r=run(h);s=[v for v in r['rows'] if v['phase']=='scanning' and v['friction_coefficient'] is not None][-1];self.assertAlmostEqual(s['friction_coefficient'],abs(s['friction_force_n'])/s['normal_force_n']);self.assertAlmostEqual(s['normal_force_n'],20.,places=8);self.assertNotAlmostEqual(s['friction_coefficient'],float(np.interp(h.method['source_start_distance_m']+h.distance,h.ref_x,h.ref_mu)),places=4)
+  h=setup(plant={'force_offset_n':.2,'friction_offset_n':.3,'depth_offset_m':1e-6});park(h);call(h,'sensor.zero');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.calibration['normal_zero_n'],.2);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.calibration['friction_zero_n'],.3);call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_19_sensor_overrange_unavailable_and_lowload_reason(self):
+  h=prescanned(plant={'force_gain':10.},method={'initial_force_n':30.,'final_force_n':30.});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'SENSOR_OVER_RANGE');self.assertIsNone(r['rows'][-1]['normal_force_n']);self.ledger(h)
+  h=setup(plant={'force_gain':.1},method={'pass_kind':'prescan','scan_force_n':.001});call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.2);self.assertEqual(h.read()['observation.unavailable_reason'],'LOW_LOAD');self.assertIsNone(h.read()['friction.coefficient'])
+ def test_20_tilted_same_coordinate_baseline_cancels_surface_profile(self):
+  a=prescanned();b=prescanned(sample={'surface_slope_x':.001});run(a);run(b);at_start(a);at_start(b);ra=run(a,'postscan');rb=run(b,'postscan');pa=[r for r in ra['rows'] if r['phase']=='scanning'];pb=[r for r in rb['rows'] if r['phase']=='scanning'];self.assertAlmostEqual(pa[-1]['residual_depth_m'],pb[-1]['residual_depth_m'],delta=1e-10);self.assertNotEqual(pa[-1]['raw_depth_m'],pb[-1]['raw_depth_m'])
+ def test_21_critical_bracket_persistence_missing_and_leftcensor(self):
+  a=rows([0.,1.,3.,4.]);r=rt.critical_load(a,'friction_force_n',2.,2);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['position_m'],.0015);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['critical_load_n'],11.5)
+  for values in [[0.,None,3.,4.],[0.,1.,3.,None],[3.,4.,5.]]:
+   r=rt.critical_load(rows(values),'friction_force_n',2.,2);self.assertIsNone(r['critical_load_n'])
+  self.assertEqual(rt.critical_load(rows([3.,4.]),'friction_force_n',2.,1)['reason'],'LEFT_CENSORED')
+ def test_22_postscan_lc_maps_scratch_load_never_probe_load(self):
+  post=rows([0.,1e-6,3e-6,4e-6],'residual_depth_m',loads=[.1]*4);scratch=rows([0.,1.,2.,3.],loads=[5.,15.,25.,35.]);r=rt.critical_load(post,'residual_depth_m',2e-6,2,scratch);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['critical_load_n'],20.);self.assertNotEqual(r['critical_load_n'],.1)
+  self.assertIsNone(rt.critical_load(post,'residual_depth_m',2e-6,2)['critical_load_n']);scratch[1]['normal_force_n']=None;self.assertIsNone(rt.critical_load(post,'residual_depth_m',2e-6,2,scratch)['critical_load_n'])
+  h=setup();args=dict(rt.CAPS['analysis.critical_load']['example_arguments'],rows=post,load_rows=rows([0.,1.,2.,3.],loads=[5.,15.,25.,35.]),channel='residual_depth_m',threshold_m=2e-6,persistence=2);self.assertAlmostEqual(call(h,'analysis.critical_load',**args)['critical_load_n'],20.)
+ def test_23_criterion_stop_preserves_partial_track_and_released_load(self):
+  h=prescanned(method={'length_m':.002,'criterion_threshold_n':.5,'criterion_persistence':1});call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,stop_on_criterion=True));r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertGreater(r['distance_m'],0.);self.assertLess(r['distance_m'],.002);self.assertEqual(h.force,0.);self.assertEqual(h.active_track['distance'],r['distance_m']);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_24_cancel_keeps_damage_and_force_relaxes_only_by_step(self):
+  h=prescanned();call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.8);f=h.force;v=copy.deepcopy(h.volumes);call(h,'acquisition.stop');r=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.assertEqual(h.force,f);self.assertEqual(v,h.volumes);self.rejected(h,'contact.set','LOAD_NOT_RELEASED',engaged=False);step(h,2.);self.assertEqual(h.force,0.);self.assertEqual(v,h.volumes);self.assertEqual(r,call(h,'acquisition.result'));self.ledger(h)
+ def test_25_timeout_and_software_stop_keep_partial_effects(self):
+  h=setup(method={'pass_kind':'prescan','timeout_s':.1});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'TIMEOUT');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],.1)
+  h=prescanned();call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.8);call(h,'emergency.stop');self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'SOFTWARE_STOP');self.rejected(h,'emergency.reset','LOAD_NOT_RELEASED');step(h,2.);call(h,'emergency.reset');self.assertFalse(h.emergency);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_26_history_frozen_after_method_clean_and_new_sample(self):
+  h=prescanned();r=run(h);op=r['operation_id'];frozen=copy.deepcopy(h.records[op]);cleanup(h);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,pass_kind='postscan',criterion_threshold_m=1e-4));call(h,'specimen.load',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);self.assertEqual(h.records[op],frozen);self.assertEqual(call(h,'acquisition.result'),frozen);self.assertEqual(json.loads(frozen['method_json'])['pass_kind'],'scratch');self.assertIn('derived_nominal_load_ratio',frozen['evidence']);self.assertGreater(frozen['source_projection_count'],0)
+ def test_27_queries_pure_and_owner_not_stolen(self):
+  h=setup(method={'pass_kind':'prescan'});s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start')['operation_id'];step(h,.3);before=state(h);h.read();h.describe();s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);s.poll(op);call(h,'reference.query',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']);call(h,'image.reference',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']);call(h,'ledger.read');self.assertEqual(state(h),before);q=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='result');self.assertIsNone(q['operation_id']);self.assertEqual(h._owners[op],'agent');json.dumps(q,allow_nan=False)
+ def test_28_session_owner_access_poll_cancel_and_idempotence(self):
+  h=setup(method={'pass_kind':'prescan'});h.register_principal('other');a=h.session();b=h.session('other');args=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start');r=a.invoke(**args);self.assertEqual(r,a.invoke(**args));op=r['operation_id'];self.assertEqual(h._counter,1)
+  for k in ['acquisition.result','acquisition.stop']:self.assertEqual(b.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments={},request_id=k)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+  for fn in [lambda:b.poll(op),lambda:b.cancel(op,'stop')]:
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):fn()
+  c=a.cancel(op,'stop');self.assertEqual(c,a.cancel(op,'stop'));self.assertEqual(a.invoke(**dict(args,capability_id='power.set',arguments={'enabled':False}))['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+ def test_29_stale_cancel_retry_cannot_cancel_new_operation(self):
+  h=setup(method={'pass_kind':'prescan'});s=h.session();a=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='one');op1=s.invoke(**a)['operation_id'];c=s.cancel(op1,'cancel');step(h,2.);op2=s.invoke(**dict(a,request_id='two'))['operation_id'];self.assertEqual(s.cancel(op1,'cancel'),c);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'running');self.assertEqual(h.operation_id,op2)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'REQUEST_CONFLICT'):s.cancel(op2,'cancel')
+ def test_30_no_agent_truth_or_recovery_capabilities(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();meta=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertTrue(all(not k.startswith('truth.') for k in meta['state_slots']));self.assertNotIn('ledger.read',meta['capabilities']);self.assertNotIn('specimen.remove',meta['capabilities']);self.assertTrue(all(not k.startswith('truth.') for k in s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']))
+  for k in ['ledger.read','specimen.remove','stylus.remove','debris.collect','sim.step','plant.configure']:
+   args=rt.CAPS[k]['example_arguments'];before=state(h);r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments=args,request_id=k);self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(state(h),before)
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.normal_force_n'])
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.write(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_id='load.target_n',value=100.,request_id='x')
+ def test_31_two_instances_and_fractional_host_time_partition(self):
+  a=setup('one',method={'pass_kind':'prescan'});b=setup('two',method={'pass_kind':'prescan'});call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');step(a,1.3)
+  for dt in [.03,.07,.25,.15,.4,.4]:step(b,dt)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);snapshot=state(b);step(a,.2);self.assertEqual(state(b),snapshot);self.assertNotEqual(a.time_s,b.time_s);call(a,'sim.step',dt_s=0.)
+ def test_32_extreme_dt_and_stiff_force_stable(self):
+  a=setup('a',plant={'force_response_tau_s':1e-5,'sensor_tau_s':1e-5},method={'pass_kind':'prescan'});b=setup('b',plant={'force_response_tau_s':1e-5,'sensor_tau_s':1e-5},method={'pass_kind':'prescan'});call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');step(a,10.)
+  for _ in range(100):step(b,.1)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);self.assertEqual(a.phase,'succeeded');self.ledger(a)
+ def test_33_full_recovery_mass_ledger_and_no_resurrection(self):
+  h=prescanned(sample={'coating_thickness_m':1e-8});run(h);cleanup(h);l=self.ledger(h)
+  for n in ['coating','substrate','stylus']:self.assertEqual(l[n+'_remaining_kg'],0.);self.assertEqual(l[n+'_debris_kg'],0.)
+  self.assertGreater(l['substrate_debris_recovered_kg'],0.);self.assertGreater(l['stylus_debris_recovered_kg'],0.);self.rejected(h,'specimen.remove','NOT_LOADED')
+ def test_34_no_hidden_truth_in_agent_results(self):
+  h=setup(method={'pass_kind':'prescan'});s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start')['operation_id'];step(h,5.);r=s.poll(op);json.dumps(r,allow_nan=False)
+  def visit(value):
+   if isinstance(value,dict):
+    for k,v in value.items():self.assertFalse(k.startswith('truth.') or k in ['local_groove_m','coating_remaining_kg','substrate_remaining_kg','stylus_remaining_kg']);visit(v)
+   elif isinstance(value,list):
+    for v in value:visit(v)
+  visit(r);visit(s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id))
+ def test_35_declared_unsupported_and_reference_only_reject(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:self.rejected(h,k,'UNSUPPORTED')
+  park(h);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=False);call(h,'specimen.remove');lib=rt.library();rid=next(k for k,r in lib['substances'].items() if not r.get('runtime_usable'));self.rejected(h,'specimen.load','INVALID_REFERENCE',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id=rid));self.rejected(h,'reference.query','INVALID_REFERENCE',reference_id='missing');self.rejected(h,'specimen.load','NEGATIVE_SOURCE_FORCE',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_negative_force_projection=False))
+ def test_36_protocol_describe_registration_errors_and_json(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();self.assertEqual(s.describe(asset_type_id=rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID)['asset_type_id'],rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID)
+  for fn in [lambda:s.describe(),lambda:s.describe(instance_id='bad'),lambda:h.session('bad'),lambda:h.register_principal('agent'),lambda:s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids='bad')]:
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):fn()
+  for capability,arguments in [('unknown',{}),('power.set',{'enabled':'yes'}),('acoustic_emission.acquire',{})]:json.dumps(s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=capability,arguments=arguments,request_id=capability),allow_nan=False)
+ def test_37_failed_method_does_not_mutate_existing_results(self):
+  h=prescanned();r=run(h);self.rejected(h,'method.configure','STAGE_PATH_RANGE',**dict(h.method,start_x_m=.07));self.assertEqual(r,call(h,'acquisition.result'));before=state(h);s=h.session();rejected=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='stage.move',arguments={'x_m':.1,'y_m':0.,'speed_m_s':.01},request_id='bad');self.assertEqual(rejected['status'],'rejected');self.assertEqual(state(h),before)
+ def test_38_phases_actual_sampling_time_and_endpoint_snapshot(self):
+  h=prescanned(method={'length_m':.0005,'speed_m_s':.001,'sample_interval_s':.2});r=run(h);scan=[x for x in r['rows'] if x['phase']=='scanning'];self.assertAlmostEqual(scan[-1]['time_s']-scan[0]['time_s'],.5,places=9);self.assertAlmostEqual(scan[-1]['distance_m'],.0005);self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],r['elapsed_s']);self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['normal_force_n'],h.rows[-1]['normal_force_n']);self.assertGreater(r['elapsed_s'],.5);self.assertEqual(h.force,0.);self.assertTrue(all(y['time_s']>=x['time_s'] for x,y in zip(r['rows'],r['rows'][1:])))
+ def test_39_accepted_source_variants_change_actual_work(self):
+  usable=[(k,r) for k,r in rt.library()['substances'].items() if r.get('runtime_usable') and k.startswith(('borofloat33_','b4c_','al2o3_'))];works=[]
+  for rid,ref in usable[:2]:
+   h=prescanned(sample={'reference_id':rid},method={'source_start_distance_m':ref['values']['distance_m'][0]});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(r['reference_id'],rid);works.append(h.tangential_work)
+  self.assertEqual(len(works),2);self.assertNotEqual(*works)
+ def test_zz_all_real_capability_returns_and_state_schemas(self):
+  spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('rst_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(tool);meta=rt.export_antonpaar_rst300_contract_metadata();json.dumps(meta,allow_nan=False)
+  for k,c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+   self.assertEqual(tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema'],path=k+'.input'),[]);self.assertEqual(tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema'],path=k+'.output'),[])
+  covered=set()
+  for k,a,r in OBSERVED:
+   self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(a,meta['capabilities'][k]['input_schema'],path=k+'.input'),[]);self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(r,meta['capabilities'][k]['output_schema'],path=k+'.output'),[]);covered.add(k)
+  self.assertEqual(covered,set(rt.CAPS)-set(rt.UNSUPPORTED))
+  for state_values in STATES:
+   self.assertEqual(set(state_values),set(rt.SLOTS));json.dumps(state_values,allow_nan=False)
+   for k,v in state_values.items():self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(v,meta['state_slots'][k]['value_schema'],path=k),[])
+  for k,c in meta['capabilities'].items():self.assertTrue(set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects'])<={e['state_id'] for e in c['state_effects']})
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_saxspace.py b/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_saxspace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b04273dab0482ffefa7acc998b7290ac3ec9745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_saxspace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1547 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-153 antonpaar_saxspace: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_antonpaar_saxspace.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances
+are isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (photons, liquid volume, solute mass, tube energy), real return values validated
+against the declared schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation remnants, host-step
+independence, declared immediate and on_step effects covering what the process changes; plus the instrument behaviour (generator interlocks and
+ramps, vacuum below 3 mbar, TCStage range and heating rate, q range 0.03-40.7 nm^-1 and SWAXS to 60 deg, MYTHEN2 R 1K strips) and the scattering
+physics (absolute scale from water cross-checked against the NIST SRM 3600 certified curve, Guinier Rg and molecular weight of SASBDB proteins
+after desmearing, Percus-Yevick concentration effect, silver behenate calibration, silicon Ka doublet, NIST gold nanoparticles, sample states,
+faults and the autosampler carry-over).
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import random
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "scripts"))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts"))
+from asset_runtime import antonpaar_saxspace as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE = [], {}
+_META = {}
+RNGS = ('rng', 'rng_acq', 'rng_mount', 'rng_cal')
+LYS = 'sasbdb_sasdrm8_lysozyme_c'
+BSA = 'sasbdb_sasdeb5_bsa'
+GC = 'nist_srm3600_glassy_carbon'
+AU30 = 'nist_rm8012_gold_30nm'
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_antonpaar_saxspace_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.AntonpaarSaxspaceRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (read does not advance time)."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.time_ns
+    out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.time_ns == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if json.dumps(after[k], sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(before[k], sort_keys=True, default=str)
+                      and _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.CAPS[capability_id]['effects'])
+        if undeclared and rt.EFFECTS:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.AntonpaarSaxspaceRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+
+class QuietRng:
+    """Noise-free stand-in for random.Random (gauges exact, fixed draws) so that two runs differ only by the process."""
+    def gauss(self, mu, sigma):
+        return mu
+
+    def random(self):
+        return 0.5
+
+    def uniform(self, a, b):
+        return 0.5 * (a + b)
+
+    def getrandbits(self, k):
+        return 12345
+
+    def seed(self, x):
+        pass
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.AntonpaarSaxspaceRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, xray=True, **plant):
+    """Powered, SAXSdrive up, chiller flowing, key at I and (optionally) X-rays at 40 kV / 50 mA."""
+    h = configured(seed, **plant)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(61.0)
+    h.invoke('generator.set_key', on=True)
+    if xray:
+        h.invoke('generator.xray_on')
+        h.step(21.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def liquid(h, sid, comps=(), volume=500e-9):
+    h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id=sid, form='solution', solvent='water', volume_m3=volume, thickness_m=None,
+             components=[dict(template_id=t, concentration_kg_m3=c, model_parameters=None) for t, c in comps])
+    return sid
+
+
+def solid(h, sid, tid, thickness, form='solid'):
+    h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id=sid, form=form, solvent='none', volume_m3=0.0, thickness_m=thickness,
+             components=[dict(template_id=tid, concentration_kg_m3=None, model_parameters=None)])
+    return sid
+
+
+def load(h, sid, holder='capillary_1mm', pump_s=220.0, temp=None, align=True):
+    """Vent, open the door, exchange the holder, close, pump below 3 mbar, (optionally) set the temperature and TrueFocus-align."""
+    if not h.door_open:
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=False)
+        h.step(80.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+    if h.holder is not None or h.holder_broken:
+        h.invoke('sample.unload')
+    h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id=sid, holder=holder)
+    h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=False)
+    h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=True)
+    if temp is not None:
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=temp)
+    h.step(pump_s)
+    if align and holder in ('capillary_1mm', 'mu_cell') and sid is not None:
+        h.invoke('stage.auto_align')
+        h.step(rt.ALIGN_S + 2.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def acquire(h, exposure=300.0, frames=1):
+    op = h.invoke('acquisition.start', exposure_s=exposure, frames=frames)['operation_id']
+    h.step(exposure + 1.0)
+    rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+    assert rec['status'] == 'completed', (rec['status'], rec['error_code'])
+    return rec['record_id']
+
+
+def empty_beam(h, pump_s=220.0):
+    """Vent, open the door, remove the holder, close and pump: the beam passes only air and the collimation (empty-beam background)."""
+    if not h.door_open:
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=False)
+        h.step(80.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+    if h.holder is not None or h.holder_broken:
+        h.invoke('sample.unload')
+    h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=False)
+    h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=True)
+    h.step(pump_s)
+    return h
+
+
+def calibrated(seed=1, collimation='line'):
+    """Ready instrument with the zero angle and the SDD calibrated on silver behenate (paste cell)."""
+    h = ready(seed)
+    if collimation != 'line':
+        h.invoke('collimation.set_mode', mode=collimation)
+    solid(h, 'agbe', 'silver_behenate', 1e-3, form='powder')
+    load(h, 'agbe', holder='paste_cell')
+    r = acquire(h, 60.0 if collimation == 'line' else 600.0)
+    h.invoke('calibration.zero_angle', record_id=r)
+    h.invoke('calibration.q_scale', record_id=r, calibrant='silver_behenate')
+    return h
+
+
+def water_calibration(h, temp=293.15, exposure=600.0):
+    liquid(h, 'water_std')
+    load(h, 'water_std', temp=temp)
+    rw = acquire(h, exposure)
+    load(h, None, temp=temp)
+    re_ = acquire(h, exposure)
+    return h.invoke('calibration.absolute', record_id=rw, background_record_id=re_, standard='water', thickness_m=1e-3)['calibration_id']
+
+
+def rejected(h, cap, code, **a):
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    rev = h.revision
+    try:
+        h.invoke(cap, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        assert str(exc) == code, (cap, str(exc), code)
+        assert json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str) == json.dumps(before, sort_keys=True, default=str), cap
+        assert h.revision == rev, cap
+        return True
+    raise AssertionError(f'{cap} was not rejected (expected {code})')
+
+
+def reduced_arrays(r):
+    return np.asarray(r['q_per_m']) * 1e-9, np.asarray(r['intensity']) / 100.0, np.asarray(r['sigma']) / 100.0      # 1/nm, 1/cm
+
+
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.antonpaar_saxspace')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-153')
+
+    def test_schemas_lint_and_examples_validate(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']), [], k)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema']), [], k)
+            if c['availability'] == 'implemented':
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+
+    def test_metadata_references_are_consistent(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for p in c['preconditions']:
+                for x in p['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertIn(e['code'], rt.ERROR_ZH, k)
+        queries = {k for k, v in rt.CAPS.items() if v['kind'] in ('query', 'analysis')}
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.EFFECTS) | set(rt.UNSUPPORTED) | queries, set(rt.CAPS))
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.CAP_SOURCES), set(rt.CAPS))
+        comps = {p['id'] for p in json.loads((rt.ASSET / 'geometry_manifest.json').read_text())['components']}
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertLessEqual(set(c['component_ids']) - {'monitor'}, comps, k)
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertLessEqual(set(s['component_ids']) - {'monitor'}, comps, k)
+
+    def test_every_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        """Each ActionRejected code raised by a command method appears in that capability's declared errors."""
+        import inspect
+        import re
+        src = inspect.getsource(rt.AntonpaarSaxspaceRuntime)
+        meta = _meta()['capabilities']
+        helpers = {'_need_plant': ['PLANT_REQUIRED'], '_need_power': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF'], '_need_gen_power': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF'],
+                   '_need_ready': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING'], '_need_idle': ['ACQUISITION_RUNNING'],
+                   '_need_door_open': ['DOOR_CLOSED'], '_need_stage': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING', 'ACQUISITION_RUNNING'],
+                   '_need_beam_ready': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING', 'ACQUISITION_RUNNING', 'DOOR_OPEN', 'XRAY_NOT_READY',
+                                        'VACUUM_NOT_READY', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', 'RECORDS_FULL'],
+                   '_need_asx': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING', 'ASX_DOOR_OPEN', 'ASX_BUSY', 'ACQUISITION_RUNNING'],
+                   '_rec(': ['UNKNOWN_RECORD', 'RECORD_NOT_COMPLETED'], '_norm(': ['NO_PRIMARY_BEAM'], '_red(': ['UNKNOWN_REDUCED'],
+                   '_cmd_analysis_guinier(': ['UNKNOWN_REDUCED', 'GUINIER_FAILED']}
+        for k in rt.CAPS:
+            if k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+                continue
+            m = re.search(r'    def _cmd_' + k.replace('.', '_') + r'\(.*?(?=\n    def |\Z)', src, re.S)
+            self.assertIsNotNone(m, k)
+            body = m.group(0)
+            codes = set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", body))
+            for hname, hcodes in helpers.items():
+                if hname in body:
+                    codes |= set(hcodes)
+            codes.discard('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta[k]['errors']}
+            self.assertLessEqual(codes, declared, (k, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities_report_unsupported(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'unsupported', k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_and_describe_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        t, rev = h.time_ns, h.revision
+        h.read('evaluator')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertEqual((h.time_ns, h.revision), (t, rev))
+
+    def test_step_zero_and_negative(self):
+        h = configured()
+        rev = h.revision
+        h.step(0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.revision, rev)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.step(-1.0)
+
+    def test_host_step_chopping_does_not_change_the_result(self):
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = ready(seed=5)
+            h.rng = QuietRng()
+            liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+            load(h, 'lys', temp=283.15)
+            h.invoke('acquisition.swaxs_scan', arm_angles_rad=[0.0, 0.3], exposure_s=30.0)
+            h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=True)
+            h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=False)
+            for dt in chunks:
+                h.step(dt)
+            rec = h.records['sx-%d' % h.seq['sx']]
+            return h.read('evaluator'), h.ledger(), rec
+        (a, la, ra), (b, lb, rb) = run([90.0]), run([0.37] * 243 + [0.09])
+        for k in ('truth.pressure_pa', 'truth.stage_temperature_k', 'detector.arm_angle_rad', 'stage.y_m', 'clock.time_s'):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(a[k], b[k], delta=1e-9 * max(abs(a[k]), 1e-12), msg=k)
+        self.assertEqual(ra['status'], rb['status'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(ra['segments']), len(rb['segments']))
+        for k in ('photons_incident', 'photons_scattered_detected', 'tube_energy_j'):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(la[k], lb[k], delta=1e-9 * max(la[k], 1.0), msg=k)
+
+    def test_reads_do_not_change_later_counts(self):
+        """Reading (agent and evaluator, incl. detector.total_counts that evaluates the rate model) during an exposure leaves the record and the
+        ledgers bit-identical to a run without reads (the rate cache holds values that depend on its quantised key only)."""
+        h = ready(seed=4)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        h.invoke('acquisition.start', exposure_s=30.0, frames=1)
+        a, b = copy.deepcopy(h), copy.deepcopy(h)
+        for _ in range(70):
+            a.step(0.5)
+            a.read('agent')
+            a.read('evaluator')
+            b.step(0.5)
+        ra, rb = a.records['sx-1'], b.records['sx-1']
+        self.assertEqual(ra['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(ra['primary_beam_counts'], rb['primary_beam_counts'])
+        self.assertEqual(ra['segments'][0]['counts'], rb['segments'][0]['counts'])
+        self.assertEqual(a.ledger(), b.ledger())
+
+    def test_set_points_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('detector.move_arm', angle_rad=0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(h.arm, 0.0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.arm, rt.ARM_SPEED_RAD_S, places=12)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=333.15)
+        t0 = h.t_stage
+        self.assertEqual(h.t_set, 333.15)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.t_stage - t0, rt.HOT_STAGE_RAMP_K_S * 60.0, places=6)          # 10 C/min while far from the set point
+        h.invoke('generator.set_power', voltage_v=30000.0, current_a=0.02)
+        self.assertEqual(h.kv, 40000.0)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.kv, 40000.0 - 2.0 * rt.HV_RAMP_V_S, places=6)
+
+
+class GeneratorAndInterlocks(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_start_up_key_ramp_and_lamps(self):
+        h = configured()
+        rejected(h, 'generator.xray_on', 'POWER_OFF')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S - 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'booting')
+        rejected(h, 'generator.xray_on', 'NOT_READY')
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'ready')
+        rejected(h, 'generator.xray_on', 'KEY_OFF')
+        h.invoke('generator.set_key', on=True)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['panel.xray_off_lamp'])
+        h.invoke('generator.xray_on')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['panel.warning_lamp'])
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.kv, 20000.0, places=6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ma, 0.05, places=9)
+        h.step(11.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['generator.voltage_indicated_v'], 40000.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['generator.current_indicated_a'], 0.05, places=9)
+        h.invoke('generator.set_key', on=False)
+        self.assertFalse(h.xray_on)
+        self.assertEqual(h.kv, 0.0)
+
+    def test_chiller_needs_30_s_and_its_failure_trips_the_tube(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['chiller.flow_ok'])
+        h.step(45.0)
+        h.invoke('generator.set_key', on=True)
+        h.invoke('generator.xray_on')
+        h.step(25.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=True)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        r = h.read()
+        self.assertFalse(r['generator.xray_on'])
+        self.assertEqual(r['generator.fault_code'], 'COOLING_WATER_LOW')
+        self.assertTrue(r['panel.standby_lamp'])
+        rejected(h, 'generator.xray_on', 'GENERATOR_FAULT')
+        rejected(h, 'generator.acknowledge', 'COOLING_WATER_LOW')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=False)
+        h.invoke('generator.acknowledge')
+        h.invoke('generator.xray_on')
+        self.assertTrue(h.xray_on)
+
+    def test_emergency_stop_fails_the_acquisition_and_latches(self):
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        op = h.invoke('acquisition.start', exposure_s=100.0, frames=1)['operation_id']
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.invoke('generator.emergency_stop')
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_code']), ('failed', 'XRAY_OFF'))
+        self.assertEqual(rec['segments'], [])
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['shutter.open'])
+        rejected(h, 'generator.xray_on', 'EMERGENCY_STOP')
+        rejected(h, 'generator.acknowledge', 'EMERGENCY_STOP')
+        h.invoke('generator.release_emergency_stop')
+        h.invoke('generator.acknowledge')
+        h.invoke('generator.xray_on')
+        self.assertTrue(h.xray_on)
+
+    def test_mains_fault_and_power_cycle(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', room_k=295.15, mains_voltage_v=180.0, noise_seed=9)
+        r = h.read()
+        self.assertFalse(r['power.enabled'])
+        self.assertEqual(r['system.error_code'], 'MAINS_FAULT')
+        rejected(h, 'power.set', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE', enabled=True)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', room_k=295.15, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=9)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['system.error_code'])
+
+
+class VacuumDoorAndStage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_pump_down_below_3_mbar_and_door_interlock(self):
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='w', holder='capillary_1mm')
+        rejected(h, 'vacuum.set_pump', 'DOOR_OPEN', on=True)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=False)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=True)
+        rejected(h, 'chamber.set_door', 'PUMP_ON', open=True)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        rejected(h, 'chamber.set_door', 'CHAMBER_UNDER_VACUUM', open=True)
+        t_ready = rt.V_VAC_M3 / rt.S_PUMP_M3_S * math.log((rt.P_ATM - rt.P_ULT_PA) / (rt.VACUUM_READY_PA - rt.P_ULT_PA))
+        h.step(t_ready - 25.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['vacuum.ready'])
+        rejected(h, 'acquisition.start', 'VACUUM_NOT_READY', exposure_s=10.0, frames=1)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['vacuum.ready'])
+        self.assertLess(h.p, rt.VACUUM_READY_PA)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=False)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.p, rt.DOOR_OPEN_MIN_PA)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+
+    def test_air_measurement_is_allowed_but_air_scatters(self):
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w', align=False)
+        r_vac = h.records[acquire(h, 60.0)]
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=False)
+        h.step(90.0)
+        r_air = h.records[acquire(h, 60.0)]
+        mid = slice(200, 400)
+        self.assertGreater(sum(r_air['segments'][0]['counts'][mid]), 1.5 * sum(r_vac['segments'][0]['counts'][mid]))
+        self.assertLess(r_air['primary_beam_counts'], r_vac['primary_beam_counts'])
+
+    def test_stage_temperature_range_ramp_and_mount(self):
+        h = ready()
+        rejected(h, 'stage.set_temperature', 'TEMPERATURE_OUT_OF_RANGE', temperature_k=473.15)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=253.15)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.t_stage, 253.15, delta=rt.TEMP_ACCURACY_K)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.mount', 'STAGE_NOT_AMBIENT', stage_type='tcstage_extended')
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=295.15)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.mount', stage_type='tcstage_extended')
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=773.15)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.t_stage, 295.15 + 10.0, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.type'], 'tcstage_extended')
+
+
+class SamplesAndHolders(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_sample_validation(self):
+        h = configured()
+        bad = [dict(form='solution', solvent='none'), dict(form='solid', thickness_m=None), dict(form='powder', components=[dict(template_id=LYS, concentration_kg_m3=5.0,
+                                                                                                                                model_parameters=None)])]
+        base = dict(sample_id='x', form='solution', solvent='water', volume_m3=1e-7, thickness_m=None, components=[])
+        for b in bad:
+            a = dict(base, **b)
+            if a['form'] != 'solution':
+                a['solvent'], a['volume_m3'] = 'none', 0.0
+                if 'thickness_m' not in b:
+                    a['thickness_m'] = 1e-3
+            try:
+                h.invoke('sample.provide', **a)
+                raise AssertionError(b)
+            except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+                self.assertIn(str(exc), ('SAMPLE_FORM_INVALID', 'CONCENTRATION_REQUIRED'), b)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'CONCENTRATION_REQUIRED', **dict(base, components=[dict(template_id=LYS, concentration_kg_m3=None, model_parameters=None)]))
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE', **dict(base, components=[dict(template_id='nope', concentration_kg_m3=1.0, model_parameters=None)]))
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'SAMPLE_FORM_INVALID', **dict(base, form='solid', solvent='none', volume_m3=0.0, thickness_m=2e-3,
+                                                                    components=[dict(template_id=GC, concentration_kg_m3=None, model_parameters=None)]))
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'MODEL_PARAMETERS_INVALID', **dict(base, form='solid', solvent='none', volume_m3=0.0, thickness_m=1e-3,
+                                                                         components=[dict(template_id='model_lamellar', concentration_kg_m3=None,
+                                                                                          model_parameters=dict(d_spacing_m=1e-6))]))
+
+    def test_load_volumes_holders_and_empty_capillary(self):
+        h = ready(xray=False)
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)], volume=100e-9)
+        solid(h, 'gc', GC, 1.055e-3)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.load', 'DOOR_CLOSED', sample_id='lys', holder='capillary_1mm')
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.load', 'HOLDER_UNSUITABLE', sample_id='lys', holder='solid_holder')
+        rejected(h, 'sample.load', 'HOLDER_UNSUITABLE', sample_id='gc', holder='capillary_1mm')
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='lys', holder='capillary_1mm')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.samples['lys']['bench_volume_m3'], 40e-9, places=18)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.load', 'HOLDER_OCCUPIED', sample_id='gc', holder='solid_holder')
+        h.invoke('sample.unload')
+        rejected(h, 'sample.load', 'INSUFFICIENT_VOLUME', sample_id='lys', holder='capillary_1mm')
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='lys', holder='mu_cell')
+        h.invoke('sample.unload')
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id=None, holder='capillary_1mm')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['holder.sample_id'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['holder.type'], 'capillary_1mm')
+
+    def test_truefocus_finds_the_capillary_axis(self):
+        h = ready(seed=4)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w', align=False)
+        off = h.cap_offset
+        self.assertGreater(abs(off), 0.05e-3)
+        g0 = h._geometry()
+        h.invoke('stage.auto_align')
+        h.step(rt.ALIGN_S + 1.0)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['y'], off, delta=4e-5)
+        g1 = h._geometry()
+        self.assertGreater(g1['scat_path_m'], g0['scat_path_m'])
+        self.assertLess(g1['t_total'], g0['t_total'])
+        h.invoke('stage.move', y_m=5e-3, z_m=0.0)
+        h.step(6.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h._geometry()['pos'], 'between')
+        h.invoke('stage.auto_align')
+        h.step(rt.ALIGN_S + 1.0)
+        op = [o for o in h.operations.values() if o['kind'] == 'align'][-1]
+        self.assertEqual(op.get('reason'), 'NO_CAPILLARY_FOUND')
+
+
+class ScatteringPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_water_scale_reproduces_the_nist_glassy_carbon(self):
+        """Absolute scale from water (compressibility) applied to a measured SRM 3600 coupon reproduces the certified curve (line collimation, desmeared)."""
+        h = calibrated(seed=2)
+        cal = water_calibration(h)
+        solid(h, 'gc', GC, 1.055e-3)
+        load(h, 'gc', holder='solid_holder')
+        rg = acquire(h, 300.0)
+        empty_beam(h)
+        rb = acquire(h, 300.0)
+        red = h.invoke('data.reduce', record_id=rg, background_record_id=rb, calibration_id=cal, thickness_m=1.055e-3, desmear=True)
+        q, i, s = reduced_arrays(red)
+        t = rt.template(GC)
+        m = (q > 0.1) & (q < 2.0)
+        ratio = i[m] / rt.srm3600_cm(t, q[m])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.median(ratio)), 1.0, delta=0.08)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='water_scale_vs_srm3600', status='passed', median_ratio=float(np.median(ratio))))
+
+    def test_lysozyme_rg_and_molecular_weight(self):
+        h = calibrated(seed=3)
+        cal = water_calibration(h)
+        liquid(h, 'buf')
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        load(h, 'buf', temp=283.15)
+        rb = acquire(h, 900.0)
+        load(h, 'lys', temp=283.15)
+        rl = acquire(h, 900.0)
+        red = h.invoke('data.reduce', record_id=rl, background_record_id=rb, calibration_id=cal, thickness_m=1e-3, desmear=True)
+        g = h.invoke('analysis.guinier', reduced_id=red['reduced_id'], qrg_max=1.3)
+        rg_true = rt.template(LYS)['rg_template_nm'] * 1e-9
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g['rg_m'], rg_true, delta=max(3 * g['rg_sigma_m'], 0.06 * rg_true))
+        mw = h.invoke('analysis.molecular_weight', reduced_id=red['reduced_id'], concentration_kg_m3=5.0, drho_m_m_kg=rt.DRHO_M_PROTEIN_M_KG)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(mw['molecular_weight_kg_mol'], 14.3, delta=0.15 * 14.3)
+        smeared = h.invoke('data.reduce', record_id=rl, background_record_id=rb, calibration_id=cal, thickness_m=1e-3, desmear=False)
+        g2 = h.invoke('analysis.guinier', reduced_id=smeared['reduced_id'], qrg_max=1.3)
+        self.assertLess(g2['i0'], 0.85 * g['i0'])                              # line-collimation data must be desmeared for I(0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='lysozyme_rg_mw', status='passed', rg_nm=g['rg_m'] * 1e9, mw_kda=mw['molecular_weight_kg_mol']))
+
+    def test_concentration_effect_and_template_scale(self):
+        t = rt.template(BSA)
+        q = np.array([0.02, 0.1, 0.3])
+        lo = rt.component_cm(dict(kind='curve', template_id=BSA, concentration_mg_ml=2.0), q, 293.15, 0.0) / 2.0
+        hi = rt.component_cm(dict(kind='curve', template_id=BSA, concentration_mg_ml=50.0), q, 293.15, 0.0) / 50.0
+        self.assertLess(hi[0], 0.8 * lo[0])                                    # repulsive structure factor lowers I(0)/c at 50 mg/mL
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(lo[0] / t['_i0c'], 1.0, delta=0.02)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t['_i0c'] / (t['abs_scale']['mass_da'] * 1e-3), 0.00080, delta=0.00008)     # I(0)/c per kDa of a protein
+
+    def test_silver_behenate_orders_and_q_calibration(self):
+        h = calibrated(seed=6, collimation='point')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.sdd_cal, h.sdd_true, delta=0.002 * h.sdd_true)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.zero_cal, h.zero_true, delta=2.5e-5)
+        red = h.invoke('data.reduce', record_id='sx-1', background_record_id=None, calibration_id=None, thickness_m=1e-3, desmear=False)
+        peaks = [p['q_per_m'] * 1e-9 for p in h.invoke('analysis.peaks', reduced_id=red['reduced_id'])['peaks']]
+        for n in (1, 2, 3):
+            qn = 2 * math.pi * n / 5.838
+            self.assertTrue(any(abs(p - qn) < 0.01 * qn + 0.02 for p in peaks), (n, peaks))
+
+    def test_silicon_111_ka_doublet_in_waxs(self):
+        h = ready(seed=7)
+        h.invoke('collimation.set_mode', mode='point')
+        solid(h, 'si', 'silicon_powder', 0.3e-3, form='powder')
+        load(h, 'si', holder='paste_cell')
+        tt111 = 2 * math.asin(rt.mean_wavelength_m() / (2 * 0.3135601e-9))
+        arm = tt111 - math.atan(0.030 / rt.SDD_NOMINAL_M)
+        op = h.invoke('acquisition.swaxs_scan', arm_angles_rad=[0.0, arm], exposure_s=60.0)['operation_id']
+        h.step(200.0)
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        seg = rec['segments'][1]
+        c = np.asarray(seg['counts'], float)
+        tt = np.asarray(seg['two_theta_rad'])
+        l1, l2, _ = rt.ka_lines()
+        t1 = 2 * math.asin(l1 / (2 * 0.3135601e-9))
+        t2 = 2 * math.asin(l2 / (2 * 0.3135601e-9))
+        j1 = int(np.argmax(np.where(np.abs(tt - t1) < math.radians(0.03), c, 0)))
+        j2 = int(np.argmax(np.where(np.abs(tt - t2) < math.radians(0.03), c, 0)))
+        mid = int((j1 + j2) / 2)
+        self.assertGreater(c[j1], c[j2])                                       # Ka1 : Ka2 = 2 : 1
+        self.assertLess(c[mid], 0.95 * c[j2])                                  # the doublet is resolved (0.07 deg apart)
+        self.assertGreater(abs(j2 - j1), 3)
+
+    def test_gold_rm8012_guinier_radius(self):
+        t = rt.template(AU30)
+        q = np.geomspace(0.02, 0.2, 200)
+        i = rt.component_cm(dict(kind='sphere_model', template_id=AU30, concentration_mg_ml=0.048), q, 293.15, 0.0)
+        m = q < 0.08
+        a, b = np.polyfit(q[m] ** 2, np.log(i[m]), 1)
+        rg = math.sqrt(-3 * a)
+        r = t['mean_diameter_nm'] / 2
+        z = 1 / t['schulz_rel_sigma'] ** 2 - 1
+        mom = lambda k: math.exp(math.lgamma(z + 1 + k) - math.lgamma(z + 1)) / (z + 1) ** k * r ** k  # noqa: E731
+        rg_expected = math.sqrt(0.6 * mom(8) / mom(6))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rg, rg_expected, delta=0.05 * rg_expected)
+
+    def test_swaxs_reaches_60_degrees_and_the_water_halo(self):
+        h = ready(seed=8)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        op = h.invoke('acquisition.swaxs_scan', arm_angles_rad=[0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, rt.ARM_MAX_RAD], exposure_s=60.0)['operation_id']
+        h.step(600.0)
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        tt_max = max(max(s['two_theta_rad']) for s in rec['segments'])
+        q_max = max(max(s['q_per_m']) for s in rec['segments'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(math.degrees(tt_max), 60.0, delta=0.6)
+        self.assertGreater(q_max, 40.0e9)
+        red = h.invoke('data.reduce', record_id=rec['record_id'], background_record_id=None, calibration_id=None, thickness_m=1e-3, desmear=False)
+        q, i, _ = reduced_arrays(red)
+        self.assertGreater(np.interp(20.0, q, i), 1.8 * np.interp(8.0, q, i))    # water structure peak near 20 nm^-1
+
+    def test_q_min_and_resolution(self):
+        h = calibrated(seed=9)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        r = acquire(h, 60.0)
+        red = h.invoke('data.reduce', record_id=r, background_record_id=None, calibration_id=None, thickness_m=1e-3, desmear=False)
+        self.assertLess(red['q_min_valid_per_m'], 0.035e9)
+        self.assertGreater(red['q_min_valid_per_m'], 0.015e9)
+
+
+class FaultsAndStates(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_vacuum_leak_keeps_the_path_above_3_mbar(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_leak', active=True)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w', align=False, pump_s=600.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['vacuum.ready'])
+        rejected(h, 'acquisition.start', 'VACUUM_NOT_READY', exposure_s=10.0, frames=1)
+
+    def test_aged_tube_and_misaligned_beamstop(self):
+        h = ready(seed=2)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        p0 = h.records[acquire(h, 30.0)]['primary_beam_counts']
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='tube_aged', active=True)
+        p1 = h.records[acquire(h, 30.0)]['primary_beam_counts']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p1 / p0, 0.6, delta=0.02)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='beamstop_misaligned', active=True)
+        op = h.invoke('acquisition.start', exposure_s=30.0, frames=1)['operation_id']
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_code']), ('failed', 'DETECTOR_OVEREXPOSURE'))
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['shutter.open'])
+
+    def test_capillary_bubble_lowers_the_signal(self):
+        h = ready(seed=2)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        g0 = h._geometry()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='capillary_bubble', active=True)
+        g1 = h._geometry()
+        self.assertLess(g1['scat_path_m'], 0.8 * g0['scat_path_m'])            # path x transmission: 0.4 d exp(-0.4 mu d) against d exp(-mu d)
+        self.assertGreater(g1['t_total'], g0['t_total'])
+
+    def test_freezing_boiling_burst_and_aggregation(self):
+        h = ready(seed=3)
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        load(h, 'lys', temp=258.15, pump_s=300.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.content['frozen'])
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=343.15)
+        h.step(700.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.content['frozen'])
+        a = h.content['agg'][LYS]
+        self.assertGreater(a, 0.1)
+        led0 = h.ledger()
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=373.15)
+        h.step(400.0)
+        r = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertTrue(r['holder.broken'])
+        self.assertEqual(r['system.error_code'], 'SAMPLE_BURST')
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['liquid_residual_m3'], 0.0, delta=1e-18)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['solute_residual_kg'], 0.0, delta=1e-18)
+        self.assertGreater(led['liquid_waste_m3'], led0['liquid_waste_m3'])
+        rejected(h, 'system.acknowledge', 'HOLDER_BROKEN')
+
+    def test_aggregation_raises_the_apparent_rg(self):
+        q = np.geomspace(0.02, 0.5, 100)
+        base = dict(kind='curve', template_id=LYS, concentration_mg_ml=5.0)
+        i0 = rt.component_cm(dict(base, aggregated_fraction=0.0), q, 293.15, 0.0)
+        i1 = rt.component_cm(dict(base, aggregated_fraction=0.2), q, 293.15, 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(i1[0], 5 * i0[0])
+
+
+class Autosampler(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_injection_carry_over_cleaning_and_conservation(self):
+        h = ready(seed=2)
+        liquid(h, 'bsa', [(BSA, 10.0)], volume=200e-9)
+        liquid(h, 'buf', volume=300e-9)
+        rejected(h, 'asx.load_well', 'ASX_DOOR_CLOSED', sample_id='bsa', well='AA01', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='bsa', well='AA01', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='buf', well='AA02', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        rejected(h, 'asx.inject', 'ASX_DOOR_OPEN', well='AA01')
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=False)
+        h.invoke('asx.inject', well='AA01')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['asx.busy'], 'inject')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['asx.busy'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.flow_cell['conc'][BSA], 10.0, places=9)
+        h.invoke('asx.inject', well='AA02')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.flow_cell['conc'][BSA], 10.0 * rt.ASX_CARRY_OVER, places=9)
+        h.invoke('asx.clean')
+        h.step(150.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['asx.flow_cell_state'], 'rinsed')
+        h.invoke('asx.inject', well='AA02')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.flow_cell['conc'][BSA], 10.0 * rt.ASX_CARRY_OVER * rt.ASX_CARRY_OVER_CLEAN, delta=1e-12)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['liquid_residual_m3'], 0.0, delta=1e-18)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['solute_residual_kg'], 0.0, delta=1e-18)
+
+    def test_flow_cell_measurement_and_cancel(self):
+        h = ready(seed=2)
+        liquid(h, 'bsa', [(BSA, 10.0)], volume=200e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='bsa', well='BA01', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=False)
+        h.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        s = h.session('e')
+        op = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='asx.inject', arguments=dict(well='BA01'), request_id='i1')['operation_id']
+        h.step(12.0)
+        s.cancel(op, 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['liquid_residual_m3'], 0.0, delta=1e-18)
+        h.invoke('asx.inject', well='BA01')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.select_position', position='flow_cell')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h._beam_content()[0], 'flow_cell')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=True)
+        h.step(220.0)
+        r = h.records[acquire(h, 60.0)]
+        self.assertEqual(r['sample_label'], 'BA01')
+        self.assertEqual(r['sample_position'], 'flow_cell')
+
+
+class LedgersIsolationSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_photon_ledger_closes_and_scattering_comes_from_attenuation(self):
+        h = ready(seed=2)
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        load(h, 'lys')
+        acquire(h, 120.0)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['photons_residual'], 0.0, delta=1e-6 * led['photons_incident'])
+        self.assertLess(led['photons_scattered_detected'], led['photons_attenuated_sample'] + led['photons_attenuated_windows'] + led['photons_attenuated_air'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['tube_on_time_s'], h.time_s - 61.0, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(led['tube_energy_j'], 0.9 * 40000.0 * 0.05 * (h.time_s - 61.0 - 20.0))
+
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = ready(seed=1), ready(seed=1)
+        a.invoke('detector.move_arm', angle_rad=0.3)
+        a.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(b.arm, 0.0)
+        self.assertNotEqual(a.arm, b.arm)
+
+    def test_agent_does_not_see_truth(self):
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        load(h, 'lys')
+        rid = acquire(h, 30.0)
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        obs = s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='r1')
+        text = json.dumps(r)
+        self.assertNotIn('lysozyme', text.lower())
+        self.assertNotIn(LYS, text)
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='provenance.read', arguments={}, request_id='r2')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        d = s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in d['state_slots'] if k.startswith('truth.')])
+
+    def test_records_and_control_belong_to_their_agent(self):
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        for p in ('a', 'b'):
+            h.register_principal(p, 'agent')
+        sa, sb = h.session('a'), h.session('b')
+        r = sa.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.start', arguments=dict(exposure_s=30.0, frames=1), request_id='x1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        rb = sb.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='detector.move_arm', arguments=dict(angle_rad=0.2), request_id='y1')
+        self.assertEqual(rb['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertTrue(sb.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['acquisition.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        h.step(40.0)
+        rid = h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        self.assertEqual(sb.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='y2')['error']['code'],
+                         'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(sb.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='data.reduce', arguments=dict(record_id=rid, background_record_id=None, calibration_id=None,
+                                                                                                          thickness_m=1e-3, desmear=False), request_id='y3')['error']['code'],
+                         'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(sa.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'], rid)
+        again = sa.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.start', arguments=dict(exposure_s=30.0, frames=1), request_id='x1')
+        self.assertEqual(again['operation_id'], r['operation_id'])
+        conflict = sa.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.start', arguments=dict(exposure_s=31.0, frames=1), request_id='x1')
+        self.assertEqual(conflict['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_cancel_keeps_finished_segments_and_power_off_fails(self):
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.swaxs_scan', arguments=dict(arm_angles_rad=[0.0, 0.4], exposure_s=30.0), request_id='s1')
+        h.step(45.0)
+        s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_code'], len(rec['segments'])), ('cancelled', 'USER_CANCEL', 1))
+        self.assertEqual(h.arm_target, h.arm)
+        op = h.invoke('acquisition.start', exposure_s=60.0, frames=1)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op['operation_id']]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_code']), ('failed', 'POWER_OFF'))
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['photons_residual'], 0.0, delta=1e-6 * led['photons_incident'])
+
+    def test_tray_well_xray_off_result_and_ledger_calls(self):
+        """Capabilities otherwise reached only through helpers: tray temperature, well removal (liquid to waste), X-RAY OFF, data.result and
+        ledger.read, each through invoke with its declared output."""
+        h = ready(seed=11)
+        liquid(h, 'w', volume=300e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.set_tray_temperature', temperature_k=277.15)
+        h.step(1500.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tray_temperature_k'], 277.15, delta=0.2)
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='w', well='AB03', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        waste0 = h.invoke('ledger.read')['liquid_waste_m3']
+        h.invoke('asx.unload_well', well='AB03')
+        led = h.invoke('ledger.read')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['liquid_waste_m3'] - waste0, 100e-9, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertLessEqual(abs(led['liquid_residual_m3']), 1e-18)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['asx.wells'], {})
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=False)
+        load(h, 'w')
+        rid = acquire(h, 30.0)
+        red = h.invoke('data.reduce', record_id=rid, background_record_id=None, calibration_id=None, thickness_m=1e-3, desmear=False)
+        again = h.invoke('data.result', reduced_id=red['reduced_id'])
+        self.assertEqual(again, red)
+        h.invoke('generator.xray_off')
+        v = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertFalse(v['generator.xray_on'])
+        self.assertEqual(v['truth.voltage_v'], 0.0)
+        self.assertFalse(v['panel.warning_lamp'])
+
+    def test_queries_and_bookkeeping(self):
+        h = ready()
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.list'), dict(records=[], reduced=[], calibrations=[]))
+        ev = h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)
+        self.assertTrue(any(e['code'] == 'SOFTWARE_READY' for e in ev['events']))
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('provenance.read')['templates'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=1.0)['time_s'], h.time_s)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects (scenario states for the effect discovery)
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return rt.AntonpaarSaxspaceRuntime()
+    if name == 'off':
+        h = configured()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        return h
+    if name == 'booting':
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        return h
+    if name == 'ready':
+        h = ready(xray=False)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        return h
+    if name == 'xray_ramping':
+        h = ready(xray=False)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        h.invoke('generator.xray_on')
+        h.step(3.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'door_open_loaded':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        solid(h, 'gc', GC, 1.055e-3)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='w', holder='capillary_1mm')
+        return h
+    if name == 'pumping':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='w', holder='capillary_1mm')
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=False)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=True)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'loaded_vacuum':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        load(h, 'lys', temp=283.15)
+        acquire(h, 5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'measuring':
+        h = _scenario('loaded_vacuum')
+        h.invoke('acquisition.start', exposure_s=60.0, frames=1)
+        h.step(2.3)
+        return h
+    if name == 'scanning':
+        h = _scenario('loaded_vacuum')
+        h.invoke('acquisition.swaxs_scan', arm_angles_rad=[0.0, 0.3], exposure_s=4.0)
+        h.step(5.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'aligning':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w', align=False)
+        h.invoke('stage.auto_align')
+        h.step(3.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'asx_loaded':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        liquid(h, 'bsa', [(BSA, 10.0)])
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='bsa', well='AA01', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='w', well='AA02', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=False)
+        h.invoke('asx.inject', well='AA01')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'asx_injecting':
+        h = _scenario('asx_loaded')
+        h.invoke('asx.inject', well='AA02')
+        h.step(7.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'estop':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        h.invoke('generator.emergency_stop')
+        return h
+    if name == 'cooling_fault':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=True)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'hot_protein':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        load(h, 'lys', temp=353.15, pump_s=500.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'burst':
+        h = _scenario('hot_protein')
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=378.15)
+        h.step(300.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'burst_cleared':
+        h = _scenario('burst')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=False)
+        h.step(700.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('sample.unload')
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=295.15)
+        return h
+    if name == 'door_open_empty':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        solid(h, 'gc', GC, 1.055e-3)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'asx_door_open':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='w', well='AA02', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        return h
+    if name == 'estop_released':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('generator.emergency_stop')
+        h.invoke('generator.release_emergency_stop')
+        return h
+    if name == 'measuring_air':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'lys', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='lys', holder='capillary_1mm')
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=False)
+        h.invoke('acquisition.start', exposure_s=60.0, frames=1)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'door_open_pump_on':
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(65.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=True)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(65.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'extended_hot_setpoint':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('stage.mount', stage_type='tcstage_extended')
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=873.15)
+        return h
+    if name == 'vented_closed':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w', align=False)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=False)
+        h.step(80.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'solid_open':
+        h = ready()
+        solid(h, 'gc', GC, 1.055e-3)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='gc', holder='solid_holder')
+        return h
+    if name == 'burst_open':
+        h = _scenario('burst')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=False)
+        h.step(700.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'burst_unloaded':
+        h = _scenario('burst_open')
+        h.invoke('sample.unload')
+        return h
+    if name == 'mains_fault_restored':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=180.0))
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE))
+        return h
+    if name == 'cooling_fault_cleared':
+        h = _scenario('cooling_fault')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'faults_measuring':
+        h = ready()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        for f in ('vacuum_leak', 'tube_aged', 'capillary_bubble'):
+            h.invoke('fault.inject', fault=f, active=True)
+        h.invoke('acquisition.start', exposure_s=60.0, frames=1)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'estop_unpowered':
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('generator.emergency_stop')
+        return h
+    if name == 'agbe_measured':
+        h = ready()
+        solid(h, 'agbe', 'silver_behenate', 1e-3, form='powder')
+        load(h, 'agbe', holder='paste_cell')
+        acquire(h, 30.0)
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'booting', 'ready', 'xray_ramping', 'door_open_loaded', 'door_open_empty', 'pumping', 'loaded_vacuum', 'measuring', 'scanning',
+             'aligning', 'asx_loaded', 'asx_door_open', 'asx_injecting', 'estop', 'estop_released', 'cooling_fault', 'hot_protein', 'burst', 'burst_cleared',
+             'agbe_measured', 'measuring_air', 'door_open_pump_on', 'extended_hot_setpoint', 'vented_closed', 'solid_open', 'burst_open', 'burst_unloaded',
+             'mains_fault_restored', 'cooling_fault_cleared', 'faults_measuring', 'estop_unpowered']
+STEP_DTS = (0.4, 1.0, 3.0, 15.0, 120.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(room_k=300.15, mains_voltage_v=180.0, noise_seed=2)],
+        'sample.provide': [dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='new')],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in rt.FAULTS] + [dict(fault=f, active=False) for f in rt.FAULTS],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'system.acknowledge': [{}],
+        'generator.set_key': [dict(on=True), dict(on=False)], 'generator.xray_on': [{}], 'generator.xray_off': [{}], 'generator.acknowledge': [{}],
+        'generator.emergency_stop': [{}], 'generator.release_emergency_stop': [{}],
+        'generator.set_power': [dict(voltage_v=30000.0, current_a=0.03), dict(voltage_v=40000.0, current_a=0.05)],
+        'vacuum.set_pump': [dict(on=True), dict(on=False)], 'chamber.set_door': [dict(open=True), dict(open=False)],
+        'stage.mount': [dict(stage_type='tcstage_extended'), dict(stage_type='tcstage_peltier')], 'sample.load': [dict(sample_id='lys', holder='capillary_1mm'), dict(sample_id=None, holder='capillary_1mm'),
+                                                                               dict(sample_id='gc', holder='solid_holder')],
+        'sample.unload': [{}], 'stage.set_temperature': [dict(temperature_k=313.15), dict(temperature_k=253.15)],
+        'stage.move': [dict(y_m=2e-3, z_m=1e-3)], 'stage.select_position': [dict(position='flow_cell'), dict(position='capillary')],
+        'stage.auto_align': [{}], 'collimation.set_mode': [dict(mode='point'), dict(mode='line')], 'detector.move_arm': [dict(angle_rad=0.4), dict(angle_rad=0.0)],
+        'acquisition.start': [dict(exposure_s=2.0, frames=2)], 'acquisition.swaxs_scan': [dict(arm_angles_rad=[0.0, 0.2], exposure_s=2.0)],
+        'asx.set_door': [dict(open=True), dict(open=False)], 'asx.load_well': [dict(sample_id='w', well='AB01', volume_m3=50e-9)],
+        'asx.unload_well': [dict(well='AA02')], 'asx.set_tray_temperature': [dict(temperature_k=277.15)], 'asx.inject': [dict(well='AA02')],
+        'asx.clean': [{}], 'calibration.zero_angle': [dict(record_id='sx-1')], 'calibration.q_scale': [dict(record_id='sx-1', calibrant='silver_behenate')],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 64:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    """Relative comparison (no absolute floor)."""
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return a != b
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    """Does the step change the value differently with the call (v1 -> a2) than without it (v0 -> b2)?  (leaf-wise, numeric increments)"""
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _changed(x1, xa), _changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+
+class ReviewRound1Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the findings of the first independent runtime review (F01-F19)."""
+
+    def _session_invoke(self, h, principal, cap, args, rid):
+        return h.session(principal).invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=rid)
+
+    def test_f01_agent_events_hide_faults_and_the_frozen_state(self):
+        h = ready(seed=21)
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='tube_aged', active=True)
+        liquid(h, 's1')
+        load(h, 's1', align=False)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=253.15)
+        h.step(900.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read('evaluator')['truth.samples']['holder']['frozen'])
+        ag = {e['code'] for e in self._session_invoke(h, 'ag', 'events.read', dict(since_s=0.0), 'e1')['result']['events']}
+        ev = {e['code'] for e in self._session_invoke(h, 'ev', 'events.read', dict(since_s=0.0), 'e2')['result']['events']}
+        self.assertFalse([c for c in ag if c.startswith('FAULT_')] + [c for c in ag if c == 'SAMPLE_FROZEN'])
+        self.assertIn('FAULT_TUBE_AGED', ev)
+        self.assertIn('SAMPLE_FROZEN', ev)
+
+    def test_f02_records_do_not_reveal_the_composition(self):
+        h = ready(seed=22)
+        liquid(h, 'buf')
+        liquid(h, 'mix', [(LYS, 5.0), (BSA, 2.0)])
+        rs = []
+        for sid in ('buf', 'mix'):
+            load(h, sid)
+            rs.append(h.records[acquire(h, 10.0)]['template_source'])
+        self.assertEqual(rs[0], rs[1])
+        self.assertEqual(set(rs[0]), {'library', 'note_zh'})
+
+    def test_f03_f04_ledger_split_by_optical_depth_and_real_closure(self):
+        h = ready(seed=23)
+        load(h, None)
+        rid = acquire(h, 60.0)
+        led = h.invoke('ledger.read')
+        self.assertEqual(led['photons_attenuated_sample'], 0.0)             # an empty capillary absorbs only in its quartz walls
+        self.assertGreater(led['photons_attenuated_windows'], 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['photons_residual']), 1e-9 * led['photons_incident'])
+        self.assertGreater(led['photons_direct_off_detector'], 0.0)          # 20 mm line beam vs 8 mm strips
+        self.assertGreater(led['photons_direct_stopped'], led['photons_direct_detected'])
+        g = h._geometry()
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        g = h._geometry()
+        # 1 mm water in a 10 um quartz capillary: windows take ~14 % of the absorbed share at the beam centre, not a fixed 35 %
+        share = g['att_window'] / (g['att_window'] + g['att_sample'])
+        self.assertLess(share, 0.25)
+        self.assertGreater(share, 0.05)
+        self.assertTrue(rid)
+
+    def test_f05_water_calibration_in_air_equals_vacuum(self):
+        """Air and collimator scattering pass through the sample: after normalising by the transmitted primary beam and subtracting the empty
+        capillary, the water scale measured in air equals the one measured under vacuum."""
+        def measure(h, sid, vac):
+            if h.pump_on:
+                h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=False)
+                h.step(80.0)
+            if not h.door_open:
+                h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+            if h.holder is not None:
+                h.invoke('sample.unload')
+            h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id=sid, holder='capillary_1mm')
+            h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=False)
+            if vac:
+                h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=True)
+                h.step(220.0)
+            h.invoke('stage.auto_align')
+            h.step(rt.ALIGN_S + 4.0)
+            return acquire(h, 600.0)
+        f = {}
+        for vac in (True, False):
+            h = ready(seed=24)
+            liquid(h, 'w')
+            rw = measure(h, 'w', vac)
+            re_ = measure(h, None, vac)
+            f[vac] = h.invoke('calibration.absolute', record_id=rw, background_record_id=re_, standard='water', thickness_m=1e-3)['factor']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(f[False] / f[True], 1.0, delta=0.05)
+
+    def test_f06_primary_normalisation_does_not_depend_on_the_zero_calibration(self):
+        h = ready(seed=1)
+        load(h, None)
+        r_empty = acquire(h, 300.0)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        r_w = acquire(h, 300.0)
+        before = h.invoke('calibration.absolute', record_id=r_w, background_record_id=r_empty, standard='water', thickness_m=1e-3)['factor']
+        h.invoke('calibration.zero_angle', record_id=r_empty)
+        after = h.invoke('calibration.absolute', record_id=r_w, background_record_id=r_empty, standard='water', thickness_m=1e-3)['factor']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(after / before, 1.0, delta=0.02)
+
+    def test_f07_overexposure_during_an_exposure_fails_the_acquisition(self):
+        h = ready(seed=25)
+        liquid(h, 'w')
+        load(h, 'w')
+        op = h.invoke('acquisition.start', exposure_s=300.0, frames=1)['operation_id']
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='beamstop_misaligned', active=True)
+        rid = h.operations[op]['record_id']
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[rid]['status'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[rid]['error_code'], 'DETECTOR_OVEREXPOSURE')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('evaluator')['shutter.open'])
+
+    def test_f08_model_spheres_carry_over_one_percent(self):
+        h = ready(seed=26)
+        sph = dict(radius_m=10e-9, rel_sigma=0.1, volume_fraction=0.01, material='silica', matrix='water')
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='sph', form='dispersion', solvent='water', volume_m3=200e-9, thickness_m=None,
+                 components=[dict(template_id='model_spheres', concentration_kg_m3=None, model_parameters=sph)])
+        liquid(h, 'buf', volume=200e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='sph', well='AA01', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='buf', well='AA02', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=False)
+        for well in ('AA01', 'AA02'):
+            h.invoke('asx.inject', well=well)
+            h.step(60.0)
+        comps = [c for c in h.flow_cell['components'] if c['kind'] == 'model_spheres']
+        self.assertEqual(len(comps), 1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(comps[0]['parameters']['volume_fraction'], 0.01 * rt.ASX_CARRY_OVER, delta=1e-12)
+
+    def test_f09_stage_mount_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        h = ready(seed=27)
+        h.invoke('chamber.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('stage.mount', stage_type='tcstage_extended')
+        h.invoke('stage.set_temperature', temperature_k=773.15)
+        a, b = copy.deepcopy(h), copy.deepcopy(h)
+        a.invoke('stage.mount', stage_type='tcstage_peltier')
+        a.step(1500.0)
+        b.step(1500.0)
+        va, vb = a.read('evaluator'), b.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in ('truth.stage_temperature_k', 'stage.temperature_indicated_k') if va[k] != vb[k]}
+        self.assertEqual(changed, {'truth.stage_temperature_k', 'stage.temperature_indicated_k'})
+        self.assertLessEqual(changed, set(rt.ON_STEP['stage.mount']))
+
+    def test_f13_emergency_stop_pressed_unpowered_needs_standby(self):
+        h = configured(seed=28)
+        h.invoke('generator.emergency_stop')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(61.0)
+        h.invoke('generator.set_key', on=True)
+        h.invoke('generator.release_emergency_stop')
+        self.assertTrue(rejected(h, 'generator.xray_on', 'GENERATOR_FAULT'))
+        h.invoke('generator.acknowledge')
+        h.invoke('generator.xray_on')
+
+    def test_f14_zero_angle_from_silver_behenate_is_unbiased(self):
+        h = ready(seed=29)
+        solid(h, 'agbe', 'silver_behenate', 1e-3, form='powder')
+        load(h, 'agbe', holder='paste_cell')
+        z = h.invoke('calibration.zero_angle', record_id=acquire(h, 60.0))['zero_m']
+        self.assertLess(abs(z - h.zero_true), 3e-6)
+
+    def test_f17_point_collimation_desmear_and_molecular_weight(self):
+        h = ready(seed=30)
+        h.invoke('collimation.set_mode', mode='point')
+        liquid(h, 'bsa', [(BSA, 5.0)])
+        liquid(h, 'buf')
+        load(h, 'bsa')
+        rs = acquire(h, 1800.0)
+        load(h, 'buf')
+        rb = acquire(h, 1800.0)
+        liquid(h, 'water_std')
+        load(h, 'water_std')
+        rw = acquire(h, 1800.0)
+        load(h, None)
+        re_ = acquire(h, 1800.0)
+        cal = h.invoke('calibration.absolute', record_id=rw, background_record_id=re_, standard='water', thickness_m=1e-3)['calibration_id']
+        smeared = h.invoke('data.reduce', record_id=rs, background_record_id=rb, calibration_id=cal, thickness_m=1e-3, desmear=False)
+        self.assertTrue(rejected(h, 'analysis.molecular_weight', 'DESMEAR_REQUIRED', reduced_id=smeared['reduced_id'], concentration_kg_m3=5.0,
+                                 drho_m_m_kg=rt.DRHO_M_PROTEIN_M_KG))
+        red = h.invoke('data.reduce', record_id=rs, background_record_id=rb, calibration_id=cal, thickness_m=1e-3, desmear=True)
+        mw = h.invoke('analysis.molecular_weight', reduced_id=red['reduced_id'], concentration_kg_m3=5.0, drho_m_m_kg=rt.DRHO_M_PROTEIN_M_KG)
+        m_template = rt.template(BSA)['abs_scale']['mass_da'] / 1000.0
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(mw['molecular_weight_kg_mol'] / m_template, 1.0, delta=0.12)
+
+    def test_f18_truefocus_finds_the_empty_flow_cell(self):
+        h = ready(seed=31)
+        h.invoke('stage.select_position', position='flow_cell')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        op = h.invoke('stage.auto_align')['operation_id']
+        h.step(rt.ALIGN_S + 4.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'completed')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.operations[op].get('reason'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['y'], rt.FLOW_CELL_Y_M + h.fc_offset, delta=3e-5)
+
+    def test_f19_room_temperature_change_is_not_cache_dependent(self):
+        h = ready(seed=32)
+        load(h, None)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_pump', on=False)
+        h.step(80.0)
+        h.invoke('acquisition.start', exposure_s=60.0, frames=1)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        a, b = copy.deepcopy(h), copy.deepcopy(h)
+        for x in (a, b):
+            x.invoke('plant.configure', room_k=305.15, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=1)
+        b.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=False)       # a no-op call that used to clear the rate cache
+        a.step(45.0)
+        b.step(45.0)
+        self.assertEqual(a.records['sx-1']['segments'][0]['counts'], b.records['sx-1']['segments'][0]['counts'])
+
+
+
+class ReviewRound2Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the second independent runtime review (F20-F22)."""
+
+    def _spheres_solid(self, h, sid, radius, phi, thick):
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id=sid, form='solid', solvent='none', volume_m3=0.0, thickness_m=thick,
+                 components=[dict(template_id='model_spheres', concentration_kg_m3=None,
+                                  model_parameters=dict(radius_m=radius, rel_sigma=0.1, volume_fraction=phi, material='silica', matrix='polystyrene'))])
+
+    def test_f20_primary_peak_is_found_or_refused_never_misplaced(self):
+        for seed, radius, phi, thick in ((51, 50e-9, 0.02, 1e-3), (52, 10e-9, 0.3, 2e-3)):
+            h = ready(seed=seed)
+            self._spheres_solid(h, 's', radius, phi, thick)
+            load(h, 's', holder='solid_holder')
+            rid = acquire(h, 30.0)
+            pc = h.records[rid]['primary_beam_counts']
+            g = h._geometry()
+            expected = h._flux() * g['t_total'] * rt.detector_efficiency() * rt.STRIP_LENGTH_M / rt.LINE_LENGTH_M * rt.BEAMSTOP_T * 30.0
+            self.assertIsNotNone(pc)                                  # the attenuated peak is beam-shaped even when weaker than the scattering outside
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(pc / expected, 1.0, delta=0.05)
+            z = h.invoke('calibration.zero_angle', record_id=rid)['zero_m']
+            self.assertLess(abs(z - h.zero_true), 10e-6)
+
+    def test_f20_ordinary_samples_keep_their_primary_beam(self):
+        h = ready(seed=54)
+        solid(h, 'gc', GC, 1.055e-3)
+        load(h, 'gc', holder='solid_holder')
+        rid = acquire(h, 60.0)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(h.records[rid]['primary_beam_counts'])
+        z = h.invoke('calibration.zero_angle', record_id=rid)['zero_m']
+        self.assertLess(abs(z - h.zero_true), 5e-6)
+
+    def test_f23_zero_beyond_three_sigma_is_still_found(self):
+        """Instruments whose true zero lies 0.15-0.21 mm from nominal (seeds 1377 and 129 of the review) still find their primary beam before
+        the first zero calibration, and after it the normalisation uses the calibrated zero."""
+        for seed in (1377, 129):
+            h = ready(seed=seed)
+            self.assertGreater(abs(h.zero_true), 0.14e-3)
+            empty_beam(h)
+            rid = acquire(h, 60.0)
+            self.assertIsNotNone(h.records[rid]['primary_beam_counts'])
+            z = h.invoke('calibration.zero_angle', record_id=rid)['zero_m']
+            self.assertLess(abs(z - h.zero_true), 5e-6)
+            h.invoke('data.reduce', record_id=rid, background_record_id=None, calibration_id=None, thickness_m=1e-3, desmear=False)
+
+    def test_f24_far_zero_with_steep_scatterers(self):
+        """Far-zero instruments before the zero calibration with steeply scattering solids (review round 4): the attenuated primary, not a scatter
+        maximum near the hint, is found."""
+        for seed, radius, phi in ((129, 100e-9, 0.003), (129, 80e-9, 0.01), (1377, 100e-9, 0.003)):
+            h = ready(seed=seed)
+            self._spheres_solid(h, 's', radius, phi, 1e-3)
+            load(h, 's', holder='solid_holder')
+            rid = acquire(h, 30.0)
+            g = h._geometry()
+            expected = h._flux() * g['t_total'] * rt.detector_efficiency() * rt.STRIP_LENGTH_M / rt.LINE_LENGTH_M * rt.BEAMSTOP_T * 30.0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(h.records[rid]['primary_beam_counts'] / expected, 1.0, delta=0.05)
+            z = h.invoke('calibration.zero_angle', record_id=rid)['zero_m']
+            self.assertLess(abs(z - h.zero_true), 5e-6)
+
+    def test_f21_alignment_is_protected_against_overexposure(self):
+        h = ready(seed=53)
+        liquid(h, 'l', [(LYS, 5.0)])
+        load(h, 'l', align=False)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='beamstop_misaligned', active=True)
+        op = h.invoke('stage.auto_align')['operation_id']
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['reason'], 'DETECTOR_OVEREXPOSURE')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('evaluator')['shutter.open'])
+
+    def test_f22_model_spheres_leave_the_rinse_residue(self):
+        h = ready(seed=55)
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='sph', form='dispersion', solvent='water', volume_m3=200e-9, thickness_m=None,
+                 components=[dict(template_id='model_spheres', concentration_kg_m3=None,
+                                  model_parameters=dict(radius_m=10e-9, rel_sigma=0.1, volume_fraction=0.01, material='silica', matrix='water'))])
+        liquid(h, 'buf', volume=200e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=True)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='sph', well='AA01', volume_m3=50e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.load_well', sample_id='buf', well='AA02', volume_m3=50e-9)
+        h.invoke('asx.set_door', open=False)
+        h.invoke('asx.inject', well='AA01')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        h.invoke('asx.clean')
+        h.step(130.0)
+        h.invoke('asx.inject', well='AA02')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        comps = [c for c in h.flow_cell['components'] if c['kind'] == 'model_spheres']
+        self.assertEqual(len(comps), 1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(comps[0]['parameters']['volume_fraction'], 0.01 * rt.ASX_CARRY_OVER_CLEAN, delta=1e-15)
+
+
+class DeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_on_step_effects_cover_what_the_process_changes(self):
+        """For every capability accepted in any scenario state: the slots it changes at once are declared effects, the slots whose change during the
+        following step differs from an identical run without the call are declared on_step effects, and the step itself only changes slots declared
+        as on_step effects of sim.step (noise-free and noisy runs; both runs draw identical noise during the step)."""
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for noisy in (False, True):
+            for n, S in states.items():
+                for i, name in enumerate(RNGS):
+                    setattr(S, name, random.Random(7 + i) if noisy else QuietRng())
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if cap in rt.UNSUPPORTED or rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] in ('query', 'analysis'):
+                    continue
+                for sname, S in states.items():
+                    for args in _variants(cap):
+                        A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                        try:
+                            _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                        except rt.ActionRejected:
+                            continue
+                        v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                        if cap == 'sim.step':
+                            for k in v0:
+                                if _changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                    missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add(k)
+                            continue
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if json.dumps(v0[k], sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(v1[k], sort_keys=True, default=str) and _changed(v0[k], v1[k]) \
+                                    and k not in rt.EFFECTS[cap]:
+                                missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add(k)
+                        for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                            A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                            for name in RNGS:
+                                setattr(A2, name, copy.deepcopy(getattr(B2, name)))
+                            A2.step(dt)
+                            B2.step(dt)
+                            a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                            for k in v0:
+                                if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                    missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add(k)
+                                if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                    missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add(k)
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        self.assertFalse([s for v in rt.ON_STEP.values() for s in v if rt.SLOTS[s]['origin'] == 'setpoint'])
+
+    def test_units_and_sampling(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        si = {'1', 's', 'm', 'rad', 'Pa', 'V', 'A', 'K', 'J', 'W', 'kg', 'm^3', '1/s', 'Pa*m^3/s', 'm^3/s', 'm/s', 'V/s', 'A/s', 'K/s', 'rad/s', '1/m', 'kg/m^3',
+              'kg/mol', 'm^2/kg', 'm/kg', '1/sr'}
+        units = {v['unit'] for v in meta['state_slots'].values()}
+        for mech in meta['mechanisms'].values():
+            units |= {p_['unit'] for p_ in mech['parameters'].values()}
+        self.assertEqual(units - si, set(), units - si)
+        h = ready()
+        h.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        h.invoke('detector.move_arm', angle_rad=0.3)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        obs = h.session('e').read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertIsNone(obs['detector.arm_indicated_rad']['sample_window_s'])
+        self.assertGreater(obs['detector.arm_indicated_rad']['value'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(obs['vacuum.pressure_indicated_pa']['sample_window_s'], rt.CYCLE_S)
+        g0 = h.read()['vacuum.pressure_indicated_pa']
+        h.step(0.2)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['vacuum.pressure_indicated_pa'], g0)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_trb.py b/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_trb.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4a2b582c6a8049f5f739d8a8b7c5b606d2a0ec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_antonpaar_trb.py
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"""CHEM128 real-pair finite tribology and protocol regression tests."""
+import copy,hashlib,importlib.util,json,math,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest import mock
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import antonpaar_trb as rt
+OBSERVED=[];STATES=[]
+def canonical(v):
+ if isinstance(v,dict):return {str(k):canonical(x) for k,x in v.items()}
+ if isinstance(v,(list,tuple)):return [canonical(x) for x in v]
+ if isinstance(v,np.ndarray):return v.tolist()
+ return v
+def state(h):return json.dumps(canonical(h.__dict__),sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ before=h.read();r=h.invoke(k,**a);after=h.read();OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));STATES.append(after)
+ changed={x for x in before if before[x]!=after[x]};declared=set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects'])
+ if not changed<=declared:raise AssertionError((k,'undeclared changed state',changed-declared))
+ return r
+def setup(name='trb_test',plant=None,sample=None,pin=None,drive=None,method=None,lubricant=None,load=10.,radius=.01):
+ h=rt.AntonpaarTrbRuntime(name)
+ for k,a in [('plant.configure',dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {}))),('specimen.load',dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {}))),('pin.load',dict(rt.PIN_EXAMPLE,**(pin or {}))),('normal_load.set',{'force_n':load}),('radius.set',{'radius_m':radius}),('drive.configure',dict(rt.DRIVE_EXAMPLE,**(drive or {})))]:call(h,k,**a)
+ if lubricant is not None:call(h,'lubricant.load',**dict(rt.LUBRICANT_EXAMPLE,**lubricant))
+ call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'sensor.zero');call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True);call(h,'lid.set',opened=False);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,duration_s=2.),**(method or {})));return h
+def run(h,seconds=None):
+ call(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(h.method['duration_s'] if seconds is None else seconds);return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+def access(h):
+ if h.phase=='running':call(h,'acquisition.stop')
+ call(h,'lid.set',opened=True);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=False)
+def cleanup(h):
+ access(h)
+ for k in ['specimen','pin','lubricant']:
+  if getattr(h,k) is not None:call(h,k+'.remove')
+ call(h,'debris.collect');call(h,'power.set',enabled=False)
+class TestTRB(unittest.TestCase):
+ def rejected(self,h,k,error='.',**a):
+  before=state(h)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,error):h.invoke(k,**a)
+  self.assertEqual(before,state(h))
+ def ledger(self,h):
+  l=call(h,'ledger.read')
+  for k in ['specimen_error_kg','pin_error_kg','lubricant_error_kg']:self.assertLess(abs(l[k]),1e-13,k)
+  self.assertLess(abs(l['thermal_error_j']),1e-7);return l
+ def test_01_real_pair_sources_and_integrated_work(self):
+  energies=[]
+  for rid in ['cr100_leadbronze_dry_003','cr100_leadbronze_dry_005']:
+   h=setup(sample={'reference_id':rid});original=copy.deepcopy(h.reference);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(r['rows']),21);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sliding_distance_m'],.2);x=np.array(original['values']['sliding_distance_m']);y=np.array(original['values']['friction_coefficient']);q=np.r_[0,x[(x>0)&(x<.2)],.2];expected=10*np.trapz(np.interp(q,x,y),q);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.friction_energy,expected,places=10);self.assertEqual(original,h.reference);self.assertEqual(len(x),5002);self.assertEqual(original['conditions']['normal_force_n'],10);self.assertAlmostEqual(original['conditions']['counterbody_radius_m'],.00476);energies.append(h.friction_energy);self.ledger(h)
+  self.assertNotEqual(*energies)
+ def test_02_high_speed_rotary_full_turns_not_endpoint_alias(self):
+  h=setup(drive={'angular_speed_rad_s':rt.OMEGA_MAX},method={'duration_s':.3});r=run(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sliding_distance_m'],2*math.pi*.01*10,places=11);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.disk_angle,0.,places=9);self.assertGreater(h.friction_energy,0)
+ def test_03_linear_10hz_reversals_have_nonzero_distance(self):
+  h=setup(drive={'mode':'linear','frequency_hz':10.,'stroke_m':.01},method={'duration_s':.3});r=run(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sliding_distance_m'],.06,places=11);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.linear_position,0.,places=10);self.assertGreater(h.friction_energy,0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_04_angular_reciprocal_signed_force_and_path(self):
+  h=setup(drive={'mode':'angular','frequency_hz':1.,'angular_amplitude_rad':.5},method={'duration_s':1.});r=run(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sliding_distance_m'],.02,places=11);self.assertLess(min(x['friction_force_n'] for x in r['rows'] if x['friction_force_n'] is not None),0);self.assertGreater(min(x['friction_coefficient'] for x in r['rows'] if x['friction_coefficient'] is not None),0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_05_exact_turning_point_zero_speed_no_fake_mu(self):
+  h=setup(drive={'mode':'linear','frequency_hz':2.5,'stroke_m':.01});call(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.signed_speed,0.,places=10);self.assertIsNone(h.read()['friction.coefficient']);self.assertEqual(h.read()['friction.unavailable_reason'],'REVERSAL_ZERO_SPEED')
+ def test_06_combined_limits_and_atomic_reject(self):
+  h=setup();access(h)
+  for args,error in [(dict(rt.DRIVE_EXAMPLE,mode='linear',frequency_hz=10.,stroke_m=.06),'LINEAR_SPEED_RANGE'),(dict(rt.DRIVE_EXAMPLE,mode='angular',frequency_hz=8.),'ANGULAR_COMBINATION_RANGE'),(dict(rt.DRIVE_EXAMPLE,mode='angular',frequency_hz=.01,angular_amplitude_rad=math.pi/36),'ANGULAR_COMBINATION_RANGE')]:self.rejected(h,'drive.configure',error,**args)
+  self.rejected(h,'normal_load.set',force_n=60.0001);self.rejected(h,'radius.set',radius_m=.040001);self.rejected(h,'drive.configure',**dict(rt.DRIVE_EXAMPLE,angular_speed_rad_s=rt.OMEGA_MAX+1))
+ def test_07_deadweight_manual_access_and_actual_force_limit(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'normal_load.set','ARM_LOADED',force_n=5.);call(h,'acquisition.start');self.rejected(h,'contact.set','BUSY',engaged=False);self.rejected(h,'normal_load.set','BUSY',force_n=5.);access(h);call(h,'normal_load.set',force_n=4.);self.assertEqual(h._normal_true(),0.);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True);self.assertEqual(h._normal_true(),4.)
+  h=setup(plant={'normal_force_factor':2.});access(h);self.rejected(h,'normal_load.set','NORMAL_FORCE_RANGE',force_n=31.)
+ def test_08_torque_start_and_first_crossing_terminal(self):
+  h=setup(load=60.,radius=.04,method={'source_start_distance_m':2.});self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','DRIVE_FORCE_RANGE')
+  h=setup(radius=.04);h.ref_x=np.array([0.,.1,1.]);h.ref_mu=np.array([.1,2.,2.]);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'DRIVE_FORCE_RANGE');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sliding_distance_m'],(.45/(10*.04)-.1)/1.9*.1,places=11);self.assertGreater(r['elapsed_s'],0);self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],r['elapsed_s']);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_09_source_endpoint_finite_and_no_extrapolation(self):
+  h=setup(method={'source_start_distance_m':500.});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'REFERENCE_DISTANCE_RANGE');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sliding_distance_m'],.009,places=9);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','REFERENCE_DISTANCE_RANGE');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_10_origin_history_survives_restart_and_method(self):
+  h=setup();run(h);distance=h.sample_distance;call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,duration_s=.5));run(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.sample_distance,distance+.05);self.rejected(h,'method.configure','SOURCE_ORIGIN_LOCKED',**dict(h.method,source_start_distance_m=1.))
+ def test_11_finite_both_wear_inventories_and_recovery(self):
+  h=setup();run(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['specimen_wear_volume_m3'],1e-5*10*.2/2e9,places=20);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['pin_wear_volume_m3'],1e-6*10*.2/4e9,places=20);self.assertGreater(l['specimen_debris_kg'],0);cleanup(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertEqual(l['specimen_remaining_kg'],0);self.assertEqual(l['pin_remaining_kg'],0);self.assertEqual(l['specimen_debris_kg'],0);self.assertGreater(l['specimen_debris_recovered_kg'],0)
+ def test_12_extremely_small_specimen_and_pin_stop(self):
+  for item,label in [('sample','SPECIMEN_EXHAUSTED'),('pin','PIN_EXHAUSTED')]:
+   h=setup(**{item:{'volume_m3':1e-15,'hardness_pa':1e3,'archard_coefficient':.1}});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],label);self.assertLess(r['elapsed_s'],1e-9);self.assertLessEqual(getattr(h,'specimen_volume' if item=='sample' else 'pin_volume'),1e-28);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_13_finite_lubricant_preserves_catch_inventory(self):
+  h=setup(lubricant={'volume_m3':1e-12,'loss_per_distance_m2':1e-6});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'LUBRICANT_EXHAUSTED');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sliding_distance_m'],1e-6,places=15);self.assertLess(h.lubricant_volume,1e-24);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['lubricant_loaded_kg'],l['lubricant_dragout_kg'],places=18);cleanup(h);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_14_differential_common_mode_rejection(self):
+  a=setup();b=setup(plant={'common_drift_n_s':.7,'thermal_common_drift_n_k':.4});run(a);run(b);self.assertGreater(abs(a.left-b.left),1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.observed_work,b.observed_work,places=11)
+  for x,y in zip(a.rows,b.rows):
+   if x['friction_force_n'] is not None:self.assertAlmostEqual(x['friction_force_n'],y['friction_force_n'],places=11)
+ def test_15_observed_load_and_sensor_gain_not_true_mu(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'normal_read_gain':2.,'friction_gain_left':1.5,'friction_gain_right':1.5});call(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(1.);s=h.read();self.assertAlmostEqual(s['friction.coefficient'],abs(s['friction.indicated_n'])/20.);self.assertNotAlmostEqual(s['friction.coefficient'],h._mu(),places=4);self.assertEqual(s['truth.normal_force_n'],10.)
+ def test_16_low_load_and_sensor_overrange_are_unavailable(self):
+  h=setup(load=.001);call(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(.1);self.assertIsNone(h.read()['friction.coefficient']);self.assertEqual(h.read()['friction.unavailable_reason'],'LOW_LOAD')
+  h=setup(plant={'friction_gain_left':100.,'friction_gain_right':100.});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'FRICTION_SENSOR_OVER_RANGE');self.assertIsNone(r['rows'][-1]['friction_force_n']);self.assertGreater(h.friction_energy,0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_17_external_calibration_zero_and_optional_wear(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'friction_offset_left_n':.5,'wear_sensor_enabled':True,'temperature_sensor_offset_k':2.});access(h);h.step(.1);call(h,'sensor.zero');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.calibration['friction_zero_n'],.5);cal=dict(rt.CAPS['sensor.calibrate']['example_arguments'],temperature_zero_k=2.,friction_zero_n=.5);call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**cal);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True);call(h,'lid.set',opened=False);run(h);self.assertGreater(h.rows[-1]['wear_depth_m'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.rows[-1]['temperature_k'],h.temperature);self.assertIsNone(setup().read()['wear.indicated_m'])
+ def test_18_stiff_optional_heater_exact_and_finite(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':.01,'heater_installed':True,'heater_max_w':1000.,'heater_gain_w_k':1e6});call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=303.15);self.assertEqual(h.temperature,296.15);h.step(1.);expected=(1e6*303.15+296.15)/(1e6+1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.temperature,expected,places=8);self.assertLess(h.temperature,303.15);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_19_friction_heat_adiabatic_energy_and_passive_cooling(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'heat_loss_w_k':0.});run(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.temperature,296.15+h.friction_energy/100.,places=9);self.assertEqual(h.heater_energy,0);self.ledger(h)
+  h=setup(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':10.});run(h);start=h.temperature;call(h,'power.set',enabled=False);h.step(3.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.temperature,296.15+(start-296.15)*math.exp(-.3),places=10);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_20_thermal_permissions_and_liquid_limits_atomic(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','HEATER_NOT_INSTALLED',temperature_k=300.);self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','NO_ACTIVE_COOLING',temperature_k=295.)
+  h=setup(plant={'heater_installed':True,'heater_max_w':100.,'temperature_max_k':723.15},lubricant={});self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','LIQUID_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',temperature_k=423.16)
+ def test_21_hot_access_and_temperature_terminal_preserve_work(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':.01,'heat_loss_w_k':0.,'temperature_max_k':296.16,'safe_access_temperature_k':296.151});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'THERMAL_MODEL_RANGE');self.assertGreater(h.temperature,296.16);self.assertGreater(h.friction_energy,0);access(h);self.rejected(h,'specimen.remove','HOT_SPECIMEN');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_22_profile_loss_pileup_net_and_radial_weight(self):
+  h=setup();a=dict(rt.CAPS['analysis.wear_profile']['example_arguments'],geometry='linear',x_m=[0.,.001,.002],height_m=[.0001,0.,-.0001],track_length_m=.01);r=call(h,'analysis.wear_profile',**a);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['loss_volume_m3'],5e-10,places=18);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['pileup_volume_m3'],5e-10,places=18);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['net_volume_m3'],0.,places=18)
+  a.update(geometry='circular');r=call(h,'analysis.wear_profile',**a);self.assertGreater(r['net_volume_m3'],0.);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['net_volume_m3'],2*math.pi*(.002**3/(12)*.1),places=18);self.rejected(h,'analysis.wear_profile','MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(a,accept_uniform_profile=False));self.rejected(h,'analysis.wear_profile','PROFILE_GRID',**dict(a,x_m=[0.,0.,.002]))
+ def test_23_hertz_force_contact_and_pressure_integral(self):
+  h=setup();a=rt.CAPS['analysis.hertz']['example_arguments'];r=call(h,'analysis.hertz',**a);radius=r['contact_radius_m'];self.assertAlmostEqual(4*r['effective_modulus_pa']*radius**3/(3*a['radius_m']),a['normal_force_n'],places=11);self.assertAlmostEqual(2*math.pi*r['peak_pressure_pa']*radius**2/3,a['normal_force_n'],places=11);self.rejected(h,'analysis.hertz','MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(a,accept_elastic_homogeneous=False));self.rejected(h,'analysis.hertz','HERTZ_MODEL_DOMAIN',**dict(a,young_sample_pa=1e5,young_pin_pa=1e5,radius_m=1e-5))
+ def test_24_noquerytime_owner_result_and_freeze(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s')['operation_id'];h.step(.4);before=state(h);h.read();h.describe();call(h,'reference.query',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']);call(h,'ledger.read');s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);s.poll(op);self.assertEqual(state(h),before);q=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='r');self.assertIsNone(q['operation_id']);self.assertEqual(h._owners[op],'agent');s.cancel(op,'cancel');frozen=s.poll(op);mass=h.specimen_volume;h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(mass,h.specimen_volume);cleanup(h);self.assertEqual(s.poll(op),frozen)
+ def test_25_owner_poll_result_cancel_and_idempotence(self):
+  h=setup();h.register_principal('other');a=h.session();b=h.session('other');args=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='one');r=a.invoke(**args);self.assertEqual(r,a.invoke(**args));op=r['operation_id'];self.assertEqual(h._counter,1)
+  for k in ['acquisition.result','acquisition.stop']:self.assertEqual(b.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments={},request_id=k)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+  for method in [lambda:b.poll(op),lambda:b.cancel(op,'bad')]:
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):method()
+  self.assertEqual(a.invoke(**dict(args,capability_id='acquisition.result'))['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');self.assertEqual(a.cancel(op,'cancel')['status'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(a.cancel(op,'cancel')['status'],'succeeded')
+ def test_26_truth_recovery_and_simclock_permissions(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();d=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']));self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']))
+  for k in ['plant.configure','specimen.load','specimen.remove','pin.load','pin.remove','lubricant.load','lubricant.remove','debris.collect','ledger.read','sim.step']:
+   before=state(h);r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments=rt.CAPS[k]['example_arguments'],request_id=k);self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(state(h),before)
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.specimen_volume_m3'])
+  run(h);text=json.dumps(h._result());self.assertNotIn('hardness_pa',text);self.assertNotIn('archard_coefficient',text);self.assertNotIn('specimen_volume_m3',text)
+ def test_27_two_instances_fixed_host_partition(self):
+  a=setup(name='same');b=setup(name='same');call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');a.step(1.)
+  for _ in range(100):b.step(.01)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);before=state(b);a.step(.1);self.assertEqual(before,state(b));before=state(a);a.step(0.);self.assertEqual(before,state(a))
+ def test_28_emergency_and_manual_home_after_cancel(self):
+  h=setup(drive={'mode':'linear','frequency_hz':1.});call(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(.1);pos=h.linear_position;call(h,'emergency.stop');self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');frozen=h._result();h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(pos,h.linear_position);self.assertEqual(frozen,h._result());call(h,'emergency.reset');self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','HOME_REQUIRED');access(h);call(h,'motion.home');self.assertEqual(h.linear_position,pos);h.step(.1);self.assertLess(abs(h.linear_position),abs(pos));h.step(.2);self.assertFalse(h.homing);call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True);call(h,'lid.set',opened=False);run(h)
+ def test_29_strict_source_conditions_and_reference_eligibility(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'accept_condition_transfer':False});run(h);h=setup(sample={'accept_condition_transfer':False},drive={'mode':'linear'});self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','REFERENCE_CONDITIONS')
+  h=setup(sample={'accept_condition_transfer':False},lubricant={});self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','REFERENCE_LUBRICATION')
+  h=setup();access(h);call(h,'specimen.remove');record=next(v for v in rt.library()['substances'].values() if not v.get('runtime_usable'));self.rejected(h,'specimen.load','INVALID_REFERENCE',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id=next(k for k,v in rt.library()['substances'].items() if v==record)))
+ def test_30_unknown_temperature_requires_explicit_acceptance(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'accept_unknown_conditions':False});h.reference['conditions']['temperature_k']=None;self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','UNKNOWN_REFERENCE_CONDITIONS')
+ def test_31_zero_radius_stop_distance_and_sampling(self):
+  h=setup(radius=0.);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','ZERO_TRACK_RADIUS');h=setup(method={'stop_distance_m':.012345});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sliding_distance_m'],.012345,places=12);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],.12345,places=10);self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],r['elapsed_s']);self.assertGreater(h.time_s,r['elapsed_s']);self.rejected(h,'method.configure','SAMPLING_GRID',**dict(h.method,sample_interval_s=.15))
+ def test_32_schema_input_nonfinite_and_unsupported(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for v in [float('nan'),float('inf'),-1,True]:
+   before=state(h)
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):h.step(v)
+   self.assertEqual(state(h),before)
+  for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:self.rejected(h,k,'UNSUPPORTED')
+  self.rejected(h,'method.configure',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,bogus=1));self.rejected(h,'power.set',enabled=1)
+ def test_33_history_stable_on_new_sample_and_new_operation(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='a')['operation_id'];h.step(2.);old=s.poll(op);access(h);call(h,'specimen.remove');call(h,'specimen.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='cr100_leadbronze_dry_005'));call(h,'contact.set',engaged=True);call(h,'lid.set',opened=False);s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='b');h.step(.1);self.assertEqual(s.poll(op),old)
+ def test_34_negative_source_not_silently_made_dissipative(self):
+  r=copy.deepcopy(rt.library()['substances'][rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']]);r['values']['friction_coefficient'][0]=-.1
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'INVALID_REFERENCE'):rt.curve(r)
+ def test_35_plant_initial_only_and_explicit_assumptions(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'plant.configure','INITIALIZATION_ONLY',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+  h=rt.AntonpaarTrbRuntime();self.rejected(h,'plant.configure','MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,accept_engineering=False));self.rejected(h,'plant.configure','THERMAL_CONFIGURATION',**dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,heater_max_w=10.))
+ def test_35b_strict_temperature_is_checked_during_friction(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':.01,'heat_loss_w_k':0.},sample={'accept_condition_transfer':False},method={'temperature_tolerance_k':.01});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'REFERENCE_CONDITIONS');self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'failed');self.assertGreater(h.friction_energy,0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_35c_cancel_retry_old_operation_cannot_cancel_new(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();first=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='first')['operation_id'];h.step(.2);r=s.cancel(first,'cancel');second=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='second')['operation_id'];before=state(h);self.assertEqual(s.cancel(first,'cancel'),r);self.assertEqual(state(h),before);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'running')
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'REQUEST_CONFLICT'):s.cancel(second,'cancel')
+  self.assertEqual(state(h),before)
+ def test_36_actual_all_api_outputs_and_state_schema(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=.1);call(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(.3);call(h,'acquisition.stop');access(h);call(h,'motion.home');h.step(4.);call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=296.15);call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**rt.CAPS['sensor.calibrate']['example_arguments']);call(h,'reference.query',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']);call(h,'analysis.hertz',**rt.CAPS['analysis.hertz']['example_arguments']);call(h,'analysis.wear_profile',**rt.CAPS['analysis.wear_profile']['example_arguments']);call(h,'emergency.stop');call(h,'emergency.reset');cleanup(h)
+  h=setup(lubricant={});cleanup(h);call(h,'ledger.read');call(h,'acquisition.result');meta=rt.export_antonpaar_trb_contract_metadata();seen={k for k,a,r in OBSERVED};self.assertEqual(set(rt.CAPS)-set(rt.UNSUPPORTED)-seen,set())
+  p=ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py';sp=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('trb_asset_tool',p);m=importlib.util.module_from_spec(sp);sys.modules[sp.name]=m;sp.loader.exec_module(m)
+  for k,a,r in OBSERVED:
+   errors=m.validate_value(a,meta['capabilities'][k]['input_schema'],path=k+'.input')+m.validate_value(r,meta['capabilities'][k]['output_schema'],path=k+'.output');self.assertEqual(errors,[],k)
+  for snapshot in STATES:
+   self.assertEqual(set(snapshot),set(meta['state_slots']))
+   for k,v in snapshot.items():
+    errors=m.validate_value(v,meta['state_slots'][k]['value_schema'],path=k);self.assertEqual(errors,[],k)
+  for k,c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+   errors=m.lint_schema(c['input_schema'],path=k+'.input')+m.lint_schema(c['output_schema'],path=k+'.output');self.assertEqual(errors,[],k)
+   for e in c['state_effects']:self.assertIn(e['state_id'],meta['state_slots'])
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_bd_facsariaiii.py b/tests/test_asset_bd_facsariaiii.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e787dac857a08dd172b49ca0e9bd7c1fbb43be37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_bd_facsariaiii.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1220 @@
+"""CHEM-168 BD FACSAria III cell sorter: runtime tests (python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_bd_facsariaiii.py, matterix env)."""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import bd_facsariaiii as m  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+rt = m
+PSI = m.PSI
+SEEN = set()                                     # (capability, rejection code) pairs produced by the tests
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(m.export_bd_facsariaiii_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = m.BdFacsariaiiiRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema, the clock and the declared immediate effects; every rejection code is
+    recorded."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except m.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        if before is not None:
+            after = self.read('evaluator')
+            ch = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])}
+            if ch:
+                raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} rejected but changed state: {sorted(ch)}')
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(m.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=json.loads(json.dumps(a, default=str)), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+m.BdFacsariaiiiRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=7, room=295.15):
+        self.R = m.BdFacsariaiiiRuntime()
+        self.R.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.R.register_principal('other', 'agent')
+        self.R.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        self.A, self.B, self.E = self.R.session('agent'), self.R.session('other'), self.R.session('ev')
+        self.I = self.R.instance_id
+        self.n = 0
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=room, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=seed)
+
+    def call(self, s, cap, expect=None, **a):
+        self.n += 1
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=self.I, capability_id=cap, arguments=a, request_id=f'q{self.n}')
+        if expect is None:
+            assert r['status'] in ('succeeded', 'accepted'), (cap, r['error'])
+        else:
+            assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported') and r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, expect, r['status'], r['error'])
+            SEEN.add((cap, expect))
+        return r
+
+    def rd(self, *ids):
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in self.E.read(instance_id=self.I, state_ids=list(ids))['observations'].items()}
+
+    def v(self, k):
+        return self.rd(k)[k]
+
+    def step(self, dt):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(dt))
+
+    def ready(self, warm=True, sweet=True, preset=None):
+        A = self.A
+        self.call(A, 'power.press_switch')
+        for L in m.LASERS:
+            self.call(A, 'lasers.set', laser=L, enabled=True)
+        if preset:
+            self.call(A, 'door.set', door='flow_cell', angle_rad=1.2)
+            self.call(A, 'nozzle.install', nozzle=m._cal()['presets'][preset]['nozzle_um'])
+            self.call(A, 'door.set', door='flow_cell', angle_rad=0.0)
+            self.call(A, 'sort_setup.select', preset=preset)
+        self.call(A, 'fluidics.startup')
+        self.step(m.STARTUP_S + 1)
+        self.call(A, 'stream.set', on=True)
+        self.step(30)
+        if sweet:
+            self.call(A, 'sweet_spot.set', enabled=True)
+        if warm:
+            self.step(m.WARMUP_S)
+
+    def provide(self, sid, pops, vol=3e-6):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sample.provide', sample_id=sid, volume_m3=vol, populations=pops)
+
+    def tube(self, tid, sources, buf=0.0, s=None, ttype='12x75'):
+        self.call(s or self.A, 'tube.prepare', tube_id=tid, tube_type=ttype, sources=sources, buffer_volume_m3=buf)
+
+    def load(self, tid, s=None, wait=5.0):
+        self.call(s or self.A, 'tube.install', tube_id=tid)
+        self.call(s or self.A, 'sample.load')
+        self.step(wait)
+
+    def unload(self, s=None):
+        self.call(s or self.A, 'sample.unload')
+        self.step(4)
+        self.call(s or self.A, 'tube.remove')
+
+    def stats(self, source='live', gates=None, params=None, comp=None):
+        a = dict(source=source)
+        if comp is not None:
+            a['compensation'] = comp
+        if gates is not None:
+            a['gates'] = gates
+        if params is not None:
+            a['parameters'] = params
+        return self.call(self.A, 'statistics.read', **a)['result']
+
+    def record(self, rid, n):
+        op = self.call(self.A, 'acquisition.record', record_id=rid, events=n)['operation_id']
+        for _ in range(600):
+            if self.A.poll(op)['status'] != 'running':
+                break
+            self.step(0.5)
+        return self.A.poll(op)
+
+    def install(self, device, prefill=5e-7):
+        self.call(self.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=1.6)
+        self.call(self.A, 'collection.install', device=device, prefill_m3=prefill)
+        self.call(self.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=0.0)
+
+    def sort(self, lid, max_s=120.0):
+        op = self.call(self.A, 'sort.start', layout_id=lid)['operation_id']
+        t = 0.0
+        while self.A.poll(op)['status'] == 'running' and t < max_s:
+            self.step(1.0)
+            t += 1.0
+        return op
+
+    def collected(self):
+        out = {}
+        for loc in self.call(self.E, 'collection.inspect')['result']['locations']:
+            out[loc['location']] = {p['population_id'].split('/')[-1]: p['particles'] for p in loc['populations']}
+        return out
+
+
+PBMC = [dict(population_id='cd4', particle_id='human_t_cell_cd4', concentration_per_m3=6e12, stains=[dict(dye='fluorescein_fitc', molecules=45000.0, cv=0.35)]),
+        dict(population_id='bcell', particle_id='human_b_cell', concentration_per_m3=4e12, stains=[dict(dye='fluorescein_fitc', molecules=300.0, cv=0.5)])]
+
+
+def set_true_drop_delay(rig):
+    rig.call(rig.A, 'drop_delay.set', drops=round(rig.v('truth.drop_delay_drops'), 2))     # as found by Accudrop (tested separately)
+
+
+def purity(c, loc, pop):
+    tot = sum(c.get(loc, {}).values())
+    return c[loc].get(pop, 0.0) / tot if tot else 0.0
+
+
+def two_way(rig, mode='purity', n=8000, lid='two'):
+    A = rig.A
+    rig.call(A, 'gate.define', gate_id='cells', kind='rectangle', x='FSC-A', y='SSC-A', x_range=[20000.0, 262143.0], y_range=[0.0, 262143.0])
+    rig.call(A, 'gate.define', gate_id='singlets', parent='cells', kind='interval', x='FSC-W', x_range=[0.0, 85000.0])     # doublet discrimination
+    rig.call(A, 'gate.define', gate_id='pos', parent='singlets', kind='interval', x='B530_30-A', x_range=[3000.0, 262143.0])
+    rig.call(A, 'gate.define', gate_id='neg', parent='singlets', kind='interval', x='B530_30-A', x_range=[-2000.0, 1500.0])
+    rig.install('2way_12x75')
+    rig.call(A, 'deflection.set', voltage_on=True)
+    rig.call(A, 'sort.layout', layout_id=lid, device='2way_12x75', precision_mode=mode, targets={'left': 'pos', 'right': 'neg'},
+             target_events={'left': n, 'right': n})
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- libraries, calibration, contract
+class ContractAndLibraries(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_contract_metadata_and_examples(self):
+        meta = m.export_bd_facsariaiii_contract_metadata()
+        self.assertEqual(meta['asset_type_id'], 'instrument.bd_facsariaiii')
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(meta['capabilities']), 60)
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            m.validate(c['input_schema'], c['example_arguments'])
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], meta['state_slots'])
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertIn(s['unit'], ('1', 's', 'm', 'rad', 'K', 'Pa', 'V', 'Hz', 'W', 'm3', '1/s', 'm/s', 'K/s', '1/min', '°C', 'J', 'm3/s'), k)
+        agent_caps = [k for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items() if c['visibility'] == 'agent']
+        for k in agent_caps:
+            for e in meta['capabilities'][k]['observes']:
+                self.assertEqual(meta['state_slots'][e]['visibility'], 'agent', (k, e))
+
+    def test_libraries_real_data(self):
+        fl, pl = m.fluorochromes(), m.particles()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(fl), 50)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(pl), 25)
+        self.assertTrue(all('FPbase' in d['source'] for d in fl.values()))
+        self.assertTrue(all(len(p['scatter']['fsc_cross_section_m2']) == len(p['scatter']['diameter_um']) for p in pl.values()))
+        pb = m._photon()
+        i = pb['didx']['fluorescein_fitc']
+        j = m.FL_DETS.index('B530_30')
+        q = pb['q'][i, j]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(q, m.optics()['detectors']['B530_30']['q_pe_per_mesf'], places=9)
+        # documented 85 MESF-FITC = 3 sqrt(background) / Q
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(3 * math.sqrt(pb['bg'][j]) / q, 85.0, places=6)
+
+    def test_fluidics_calibration_reproduces_table_3_1(self):
+        cal = m._cal()['presets']
+        for name, dd in (('70_high', 44.0), ('70_medium', 45.0), ('100', 29.0), ('85', 37.0), ('130', 24.0)):
+            c = cal[name]
+            q = m._q_sheath(c['a'] * 2, c['v'])
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(c['frequency_hz'] * c['vdead'] / q + c['nb_ref'], dd, places=9)
+            self.assertTrue(4.0 < c['lambda_over_d'] < 4.6, (name, c['lambda_over_d']))       # near the Rayleigh optimum 4.51
+        # the documented High (60 V, attenuation off) and Medium (50 V, attenuation on) defaults give one coupling of the 70 um nozzle
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(cal['70_high']['G'] / cal['70_medium']['G'], 1.0, delta=0.01)
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False, preset='70_medium')
+        d = r.v('truth.laser_delays_s')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(d['violet'] * 1e6, 54.0, delta=0.6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(d['red'] * 1e6, -54.0, delta=0.6)
+
+    def test_water_properties(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(m.water_surface_tension(293.15), 0.07274, delta=2e-5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(m.water_density(277.13), 999.97, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(m.water_viscosity(293.15), 1.002e-3, delta=1.5e-5)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- fluidics, breakoff, Sweet Spot
+class Fluidics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_startup_stream_and_cart(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        A = r.A
+        r.call(A, 'stream.set', 'POWER_OFF', on=True)
+        r.call(A, 'power.press_switch')
+        r.call(A, 'stream.set', 'FLUIDICS_NOT_READY', on=True)
+        op = r.call(A, 'fluidics.startup')['operation_id']
+        r.call(A, 'fluidics.startup', 'FLUIDICS_BUSY')
+        r.step(m.STARTUP_S - 1)
+        self.assertEqual(A.poll(op)['status'], 'running')
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertEqual(A.poll(op)['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('cart.air_pressure_pa') / PSI, 88.0, delta=0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('cart.gauge_angle_rad'), 88.0 / 160.0 * 1.5 * math.pi, delta=0.02)
+        sheath0 = r.v('truth.cart_sheath_m3')
+        r.call(A, 'stream.set', on=True)
+        r.step(60)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('sheath.pressure_pa') / PSI, 70.0, delta=0.05)
+        used = sheath0 - r.v('truth.cart_sheath_m3')
+        q = r.v('truth.jet_speed_m_s') * math.pi * 35e-6 ** 2
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(used / 60.0, q, delta=0.05 * q)                      # ~6.5 ml/min at 70 psi
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(q * 6e7, 6.46, delta=0.1)
+        r.call(A, 'cart.refill_sheath', 'STREAM_ON', volume_m3=0.001)
+        r.call(A, 'fluidics.shutdown', 'STREAM_ON')
+        r.call(A, 'stream.set', on=False)
+        r.call(A, 'fluidics.shutdown', 'CLOSED_LOOP_NOZZLE_REQUIRED')
+        r.call(A, 'nozzle.install', 'DOOR_CLOSED', nozzle='closed_loop')
+        r.call(A, 'door.set', door='flow_cell', angle_rad=1.2)
+        r.call(A, 'nozzle.install', nozzle='closed_loop')
+        op = r.call(A, 'fluidics.shutdown')['operation_id']
+        r.step(m.SHUTDOWN_S + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(A.poll(op)['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('fluidics.state'), 'shutdown')
+
+    def test_drop1_jumps_by_the_drop_spacing_and_gap_is_continuous(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False)
+        A = r.A
+        rows = []
+        for amp in [50.0 + 0.5 * k for k in range(41)]:
+            r.call(A, 'breakoff.set', amplitude_v=amp)
+            o = r.rd('breakoff.drop1_px', 'breakoff.gap_px', 'breakoff.drop_spacing_px', 'truth.breakoff_length_m')
+            rows.append((amp, o['breakoff.drop1_px'], o['breakoff.gap_px'], o['breakoff.drop_spacing_px'], o['truth.breakoff_length_m']))
+        d1 = sorted({round(x[1], 1) for x in rows})
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(d1), 2)
+        for a, b in zip(d1, d1[1:]):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(b - a, rows[0][3], delta=0.2)                   # documented ~57 px jumps
+        self.assertTrue(all(rows[i][4] > rows[i + 1][4] for i in range(len(rows) - 1)))   # higher amplitude: shorter breakoff
+        self.assertTrue(all(0 < x[2] <= x[3] + 1e-6 for x in rows))
+
+    def test_sweet_spot_holds_breakoff_and_drop_delay_while_sheath_warms(self):
+        drift = {}
+        for sweet in (False, True):
+            r = Rig()
+            r.ready(warm=False, sweet=sweet)
+            r.step(300)                                                             # Sweet Spot first pulls the Gap to its 6-px target
+            a0 = r.rd('breakoff.drop1_px', 'truth.drop_delay_drops', 'breakoff.amplitude_v')
+            r.step(1800)
+            a1 = r.rd('breakoff.drop1_px', 'breakoff.gap_px', 'truth.drop_delay_drops', 'breakoff.amplitude_v', 'truth.sheath_temperature_k', 'sweet_spot.paused')
+            drift[sweet] = (a0, a1)
+        off0, off1 = drift[False]
+        on0, on1 = drift[True]
+        self.assertGreater(abs(off1['truth.drop_delay_drops'] - off0['truth.drop_delay_drops']), 0.1)     # unattended stream drifts (~1 K warm-up)
+        self.assertLess(abs(on1['truth.drop_delay_drops'] - on0['truth.drop_delay_drops']), 0.05)
+        self.assertNotEqual(on1['breakoff.amplitude_v'], on0['breakoff.amplitude_v'])
+        self.assertLessEqual(abs(on1['breakoff.gap_px'] - 6.0), 2.0)
+        self.assertFalse(on1['sweet_spot.paused'])
+
+    def test_sweet_spot_locks_controls_and_attenuation(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False)
+        A = r.A
+        r.call(A, 'breakoff.set', 'SWEET_SPOT_ON', amplitude_v=40.0)
+        r.call(A, 'sheath.set_pressure', 'SWEET_SPOT_ON', pressure_pa=60 * PSI)
+        r.call(A, 'sort_setup.select', 'STREAM_ON', preset='100')
+        b0 = r.v('truth.breakoff_length_m')
+        r.call(A, 'sweet_spot.set', enabled=False)
+        r.call(A, 'breakoff.set', attenuation=True)
+        self.assertGreater(r.v('truth.breakoff_length_m'), b0 + 1e-3)                # attenuated drive: much longer breakoff
+
+    def test_cart_air_leak_limits_sheath_pressure(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='cart_air_leak', active=True)
+        r.step(300)
+        o = r.rd('cart.air_pressure_pa', 'sheath.pressure_pa', 'warnings.active')
+        self.assertLess(o['cart.air_pressure_pa'] / PSI, 41.0)
+        self.assertLess(o['sheath.pressure_pa'] / PSI, 36.0)
+        self.assertIn('SHEATH_PRESSURE_LOW', o['warnings.active'])
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- acquisition physics
+class Acquisition(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_event_rate_follows_concentration_and_flow(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(sweet=False)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        conc = (6e12 + 4e12) * 2e-6 / 3e-6
+        r.load('t')
+        for setting in (1.0, 6.0):
+            r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.flow_rate', setting=setting)
+            r.step(3)
+            q = r.R._flow_m3_s()
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('acquisition.threshold_rate_eps'), conc * q, delta=0.06 * conc * q)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.R._flow_m3_s() * 6e10, 65.0, delta=0.01)          # setting 6: 65 ul/min (linear 10-120)
+
+    def test_cv_rises_with_flow_rate_core_width(self):
+        cv = {}
+        for setting in (1.0, 11.0):
+            r = Rig()
+            r.ready(sweet=False)
+            r.tube('b', [dict(bead_id='cst_bead_bright', volume_m3=3e-7)], 7e-7)
+            r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.flow_rate', setting=setting)
+            r.load('b', wait=8.0)
+            st = r.stats(params=['B530_30-A'])
+            cv[setting] = st['rows'][0]['parameters'][0]['rcv']
+        self.assertLess(cv[1.0], 0.04)
+        self.assertGreater(cv[11.0], cv[1.0] + 0.015)
+
+    def test_shutter_lasers_warmup_and_threshold(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.load('t')
+        self.assertIn('LASERS_WARMING', r.v('warnings.active'))
+        p_cold = r.v('lasers.power_w')['blue']
+        cold = r.stats(params=['B530_30-A'])['rows'][0]['parameters'][0]['median']
+        r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='flow_cell', angle_rad=0.5)
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('acquisition.threshold_rate_eps'), 0.0)               # shutter blocks the lasers
+        r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='flow_cell', angle_rad=0.0)
+        r.step(1800)
+        r.step(2)
+        warm = r.stats(params=['B530_30-A'])['rows'][0]['parameters'][0]['median']
+        self.assertGreater(r.v('lasers.power_w')['blue'], p_cold * 1.04)               # power rises during the 30-min warm-up
+        self.assertGreater(warm, cold * 1.02)
+        self.assertNotIn('LASERS_WARMING', r.v('warnings.active'))
+        rate = r.v('acquisition.threshold_rate_eps')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cytometer.settings', thresholds=[dict(parameter='FSC', value=150000.0)])
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertLess(r.v('acquisition.threshold_rate_eps'), 0.2 * rate)
+
+    def test_doublets_widen_and_double_area(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(sweet=False)
+        r.provide('c', [dict(population_id='cen', particle_id='chicken_erythrocyte_nucleus', concentration_per_m3=4e12, doublet_fraction=0.2,
+                             stains=[dict(dye='propidium_iodide', molecules=8.0e8, cv=0.015)])])
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='c', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'cytometer.settings', voltages={'B695_40': 420.0})
+        r.load('t', wait=10)
+        p = r.call(r.A, 'record.read', record_id=r.record('cen', 4000)['result']['record_id'], parameters=['B695_40-A', 'FSC-W'], max_events=4000)['result']
+        import numpy as np
+        X = np.array(p['events'])
+        a = X[:, 0]
+        med = np.median(a)
+        single = (a > 0.8 * med) & (a < 1.25 * med)
+        double = (a > 1.6 * med) & (a < 2.5 * med)
+        ratio = np.median(a[double]) / np.median(a[single])
+        self.assertTrue(1.95 <= ratio <= 2.05, ratio)                              # documented linearity 1.95-2.05
+        self.assertGreater(np.median(X[double, 1]), 1.15 * np.median(X[single, 1]))
+        self.assertLess(np.std(a[single]) / np.mean(a[single]), 0.03)             # documented PI-CEN CV < 3 %
+
+    def test_dim_bead_sensitivity_matches_85_mesf(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(sweet=False)
+        r.tube('b', [dict(bead_id='ps_bead_3um', volume_m3=2e-7, stains=[dict(dye='fluorescein_fitc', molecules=85.0, cv=0.02)]),
+                     dict(bead_id='ps_bead_3um', volume_m3=2e-7)], 6e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'cytometer.settings', voltages={'B530_30': 650.0})
+        r.load('b', wait=6)
+        import numpy as np
+        rec = r.record('dim', 6000)['result']['record_id']
+        X = np.array(r.call(r.A, 'record.read', record_id=rec, parameters=['B530_30-A'], max_events=5000)['result']['events'])[:, 0]
+        lo, hi = np.percentile(X, [25, 75])
+        # two populations: blank and 85 MESF; the separation is ~3 SD of the blank (definition of the documented sensitivity)
+        blank = X[X < np.median(X)]
+        dim = X[X >= np.median(X)]
+        sep = (np.median(dim) - np.median(blank)) / np.std(blank)
+        self.assertTrue(2.0 < sep < 4.5, sep)
+
+    def test_rate_limit_and_aborts(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(sweet=False)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('cytometer.max_event_rate_eps'), 70000.0, delta=1.0)               # documented maximum (not extrapolated above it)
+        S = {d: {d: 1.0} for d in m.FL_DETS}
+        pairs = [('V450_50', 'V510_50'), ('B530_30', 'YG582_15'), ('YG582_15', 'YG610_20'), ('YG610_20', 'YG582_15'), ('YG582_15', 'YG710_50'), ('YG710_50', 'YG780_60'),
+                 ('R660_20', 'R780_60'), ('R780_60', 'R660_20'), ('YG780_60', 'R780_60'), ('B695_40', 'YG710_50'), ('V510_50', 'B530_30'), ('B530_30', 'V510_50')]
+        for a, b in pairs:
+            S[a][b] = 0.1
+        r.call(r.A, 'compensation.set', enabled=True, spillover=S)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('cytometer.max_event_rate_eps'), 70000.0 * 14 / 18, delta=1.0)     # 12 detectors + 12 pairs: fewer events (assumption)
+        r.call(r.A, 'cytometer.settings', detectors_enabled=['FSC', 'SSC', 'V450_50', 'B530_30', 'YG582_15', 'YG610_20', 'R660_20', 'R780_60'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('cytometer.max_event_rate_eps'), 70000.0, delta=1.0)   # documented: 8 parameters, 12 pairs
+        r.provide('s', [dict(population_id='p', particle_id='jurkat', concentration_per_m3=1.6e14)], vol=1e-5)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=1.5e-6)], 0.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.flow_rate', setting=8.0)
+        r.load('t', wait=5)
+        o = r.rd('acquisition.threshold_rate_eps', 'acquisition.processed_rate_eps', 'acquisition.abort_rate_eps')
+        self.assertGreater(o['acquisition.threshold_rate_eps'], 72000.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['acquisition.processed_rate_eps'], 70000.0, delta=100.0)
+        self.assertGreater(o['acquisition.abort_rate_eps'], 1000.0)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- compensation, gates
+class CompensationAndGates(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_single_stain_compensation(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(sweet=False)
+        A = r.A
+        r.tube('u', [dict(bead_id='ps_bead_6um', volume_m3=3e-7)], 7e-7)
+        r.tube('pe', [dict(bead_id='ps_bead_6um', volume_m3=3e-7, stains=[dict(dye='pe_r_pe_r_phycoerythrin', molecules=5.0e4, cv=0.1)])], 7e-7)
+        r.call(A, 'cytometer.settings', voltages={'YG582_15': 420.0, 'YG610_20': 420.0})
+        r.load('u')
+        r.record('unst', 3000)
+        r.unload()
+        r.load('pe')
+        r.record('pe_ctrl', 3000)
+        r.unload()
+        res = r.call(A, 'compensation.calculate', unstained_record='unst', controls={'YG582_15': 'pe_ctrl'})['result']
+        spill = res['spillover']['YG582_15']['YG610_20']
+        fl = m.fluorochromes()['pe_r_pe_r_phycoerythrin']['detector_response']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(spill, fl['YG610_20'] / fl['YG582_15'], delta=0.03)      # spectral spill from FPbase x band-pass
+        st = r.stats(source='pe_ctrl', params=['YG610_20-A'], comp='current')
+        un = r.stats(source='unst', params=['YG610_20-A'], comp='current')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['rows'][0]['parameters'][0]['median'], un['rows'][0]['parameters'][0]['median'], delta=80.0)
+        raw = r.stats(source='pe_ctrl', params=['YG610_20-A'])                    # default: the compensation stored with the (uncompensated) record
+        self.assertFalse(raw['compensated'])
+        self.assertGreater(raw['rows'][0]['parameters'][0]['median'], st['rows'][0]['parameters'][0]['median'] + 500.0)
+        rd = r.call(A, 'record.read', record_id='pe_ctrl', parameters=['YG610_20-A'], max_events=200)['result']
+        rc = r.call(A, 'record.read', record_id='pe_ctrl', parameters=['YG610_20-A'], max_events=200, compensation='current')['result']
+        self.assertEqual((rd['compensated'], rc['compensated']), (False, True))
+        self.assertFalse(r.call(A, 'data.export', record_id='pe_ctrl', kind='fcs_csv')['result']['compensated'])
+        r.load('pe')
+        r.record('pe_after', 1000)                                                    # recorded with compensation on: stored with the record
+        self.assertTrue(r.stats(source='pe_after', params=['YG610_20-A'])['compensated'])
+        self.assertTrue([x for x in r.call(A, 'records.list')['result']['records'] if x['record_id'] == 'pe_after'][0]['compensated'])
+        r.call(A, 'compensation.set', 'INVALID_SPILLOVER', enabled=True, spillover={'B530_30': {'B530_30': 0.5}})
+        offd = [v for d, row in res['spillover'].items() for e, v in row.items() if e != d]
+        self.assertTrue(offd and min(offd) >= m.SPILL_MIN)                          # noise-level spillover is not a compensation pair
+        self.assertEqual(res['pairs'], len(offd))
+
+    def test_gate_hierarchy_polygon_and_errors(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(sweet=False)
+        A = r.A
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.load('t', wait=4)
+        r.call(A, 'gate.define', gate_id='p1', kind='polygon', x='FSC-A', y='SSC-A', vertices=[[1.0, 1.0], [262000.0, 1.0], [262000.0, 262000.0], [1.0, 262000.0]])
+        r.call(A, 'gate.define', gate_id='pos', parent='p1', kind='interval', x='B530_30-A', x_range=[3000.0, 262143.0])
+        r.call(A, 'gate.define', 'INVALID_GATE', gate_id='bad', kind='rectangle', x='FSC-A', x_range=[0.0, 1.0])
+        r.call(A, 'gate.define', 'UNKNOWN_GATE', gate_id='orphan', parent='nope', kind='interval', x='FSC-A', x_range=[0.0, 1.0])
+        st = r.stats(gates=['p1', 'pos'])
+        rows = {x['gate']: x for x in st['rows']}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rows['pos']['pct_parent'], 60.0, delta=3.0)        # 6e12 : 4e12 populations
+        r.call(A, 'gate.delete', 'GATE_IN_USE', gate_id='p1')
+        r.call(A, 'gate.delete', gate_id='pos')
+        r.call(A, 'gate.delete', gate_id='p1')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- sorting
+class Sorting(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_purity_mode_two_way_and_post_sort_check(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready()
+        set_true_drop_delay(r)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.flow_rate', setting=3.0)
+        r.load('t')
+        two_way(r, n=6000)
+        op = r.sort('two')
+        self.assertEqual(r.A.poll(op)['status'], 'succeeded')
+        o = r.rd('sort.counts', 'sort.state', 'sort.drawer_open')
+        self.assertEqual(o['sort.counts'], {'left': 6000, 'right': 6000})
+        self.assertEqual(o['sort.state'], 'completed')
+        self.assertFalse(o['sort.drawer_open'])
+        c = r.collected()
+        self.assertGreater(purity(c, 'left', 'cd4'), 0.97)
+        self.assertGreater(purity(c, 'right', 'bcell'), 0.97)
+        # post-sort purity check: the sorted fraction is a new sample
+        r.unload()
+        r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=1.6)
+        samples = r.call(r.A, 'collection.remove')['result']['samples']
+        left = [s for s in samples if s.endswith('_left')][0]
+        r.tube('chk', [dict(sample_id=left, volume_m3=4.5e-7)], 0.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.flow_rate', setting=11.0)
+        r.load('chk', wait=20)
+        st = r.stats(gates=['cells', 'singlets', 'pos'])
+        rows = {x['gate']: x for x in st['rows']}
+        self.assertGreater(rows['pos']['events'], 100)
+        self.assertGreater(rows['pos']['pct_parent'], 94.0)
+
+    def test_yield_vs_purity_mode_tradeoff(self):
+        res = {}
+        for mode in ('yield', 'purity', '4way_purity'):
+            r = Rig(seed=3)
+            r.ready()
+            set_true_drop_delay(r)
+            r.provide('s', [dict(population_id='rare', particle_id='human_t_cell_cd4', concentration_per_m3=2e12, stains=[dict(dye='fluorescein_fitc', molecules=45000.0)]),
+                            dict(population_id='bulk', particle_id='human_b_cell', concentration_per_m3=2.0e13)], vol=4e-6)
+            r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=3e-6)], 0.0)
+            r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.flow_rate', setting=6.0)
+            r.load('t')
+            two_way(r, mode=mode, n=3000)
+            r.sort('two', max_s=60)
+            c = r.collected()
+            led = r.call(r.E, 'ledger.read')['result']['ledger']
+            res[mode] = (purity(c, 'left', 'rare'), c['left'].get('rare', 0.0) / max(1.0, r.v('sort.counts')['left']), r.v('sort.efficiency'))
+        self.assertGreater(res['purity'][0], res['yield'][0] + 0.03)              # yield mode: extra drops carry bulk cells
+        self.assertGreater(res['4way_purity'][0], 0.97)
+        self.assertGreater(res['yield'][2], res['purity'][2])                     # purity mode rejects conflicts
+
+    def test_conflicts_grow_with_event_rate_poisson(self):
+        eff = {}
+        for conc in (3e12, 3e13):
+            r = Rig(seed=5)
+            r.ready()
+            set_true_drop_delay(r)
+            r.provide('s', [dict(population_id='cd4', particle_id='human_t_cell_cd4', concentration_per_m3=conc * 0.5, stains=[dict(dye='fluorescein_fitc', molecules=45000.0)]),
+                            dict(population_id='bcell', particle_id='human_b_cell', concentration_per_m3=conc * 0.5)], vol=4e-6)
+            r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=3e-6)], 0.0)
+            r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.flow_rate', setting=6.0)
+            r.load('t')
+            two_way(r, mode='4way_purity', n=4000)
+            r.sort('two', max_s=60)
+            rate = r.v('acquisition.threshold_rate_eps')
+            eff[conc] = (r.v('sort.efficiency'), rate)
+        lo, hi = eff[3e12], eff[3e13]
+        self.assertGreater(lo[0], hi[0])
+        # 4-way purity (1 drop, purity mask 32): the drop and the adjacent half-drops (2 drop periods) must be free of events of the other population
+        # (half of the events); pulse pile-up merges neighbours closer than ~5 us, so the free window is effectively 2 / f - 5 us
+        r_o = 0.5 * hi[1]
+        self.assertGreater(hi[0], math.exp(-2.0 * r_o / 90000.0) - 0.02)
+        self.assertLess(hi[0], math.exp(-r_o * (2.0 / 90000.0 - 6e-6)) + 0.03)
+
+    def test_drop_delay_error_and_auto_drop_delay(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=11)
+        r.ready()
+        A = r.A
+        true_dd = r.v('truth.drop_delay_drops')
+        self.assertGreater(abs(true_dd - 44.0), 0.05)                             # this instrument differs from the factory default
+        r.tube('acc', [dict(bead_id='accudrop_bead', volume_m3=1e-6)], 0.0)
+        r.call(A, 'sort.auto_drop_delay', 'PLATES_OFF')
+        r.call(A, 'deflection.set', voltage_on=True)
+        r.call(A, 'sort.auto_drop_delay', 'ACCUDROP_BEADS_REQUIRED')
+        r.call(A, 'tube.install', tube_id='acc')
+        r.call(A, 'sample.load')
+        r.call(A, 'sort.auto_drop_delay', 'NOT_ACQUIRING')                        # the port is still rising
+        r.step(5)
+        op = r.call(A, 'sort.auto_drop_delay')['operation_id']
+        seen = []
+        for _ in range(19):
+            r.step(5.0)
+            seen.append(r.v('accudrop.left_stream_fraction'))
+        r.step(4.5)
+        self.assertEqual(A.poll(op)['status'], 'running')
+        r.step(1.0)                                                                 # 7 + 13 points x 5 s = 100 s
+        self.assertGreater(max(x for x in seen if x is not None), 0.7)                # the camera sees the beads move into the left stream
+        self.assertLess(min(x for x in seen if x is not None), 0.3)
+        p = A.poll(op)
+        self.assertEqual(p['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('drop_delay.drops'), r.v('truth.drop_delay_drops'), delta=0.1)
+        # manual Accudrop check: fine tune mode, left stream fraction at the found delay vs. one drop off
+        r.call(A, 'gate.define', gate_id='all', kind='interval', x='FSC-A', x_range=[-2000.0, 262143.0])
+        r.install('2way_12x75')
+        r.call(A, 'sort.layout', layout_id='acc', device='2way_12x75', precision_mode='fine_tune', targets={'left': 'all'})
+        r.call(A, 'deflection.set', optical_filter_in=True)
+        sop = r.call(A, 'sort.start', layout_id='acc')['operation_id']
+        r.step(3)
+        good = r.v('accudrop.left_stream_fraction')
+        r.call(A, 'drop_delay.set', drops=r.v('drop_delay.drops') + 0.5)
+        r.step(2)
+        half = r.v('accudrop.left_stream_fraction')
+        self.assertGreater(good, 0.93)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(half, 0.5, delta=0.12)                            # fine tune: 1 - |error|
+        r.R.step(0.0)
+        A.cancel(sop, 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(A.poll(sop)['status'], 'cancelled')
+
+    def test_single_cell_plate_sort_counts(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready()
+        set_true_drop_delay(r)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.flow_rate', setting=1.0)
+        r.load('t')
+        r.call(r.A, 'gate.define', gate_id='pos', kind='interval', x='B530_30-A', x_range=[3000.0, 262143.0])
+        r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=1.6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'collection.install', device='plate_96', prefill_m3=1e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'deflection.set', voltage_on=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'sort.layout', layout_id='pl', device='plate_96', precision_mode='single_cell', targets={'plate': 'pos'}, events_per_well=1, wells=['A1', 'A2', 'A3', 'B1'])
+        r.call(r.A, 'sort.start', 'DOOR_OPEN', layout_id='pl')
+        r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=0.0)
+        op = r.sort('pl', max_s=30)
+        self.assertEqual(r.A.poll(op)['status'], 'succeeded')
+        c = {w: x for w, x in r.collected().items() if sum(x.values()) > 0}
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(c), ['A1', 'A2', 'A3', 'B1'])
+        n1 = sum(1 for w in c.values() if sum(w.values()) == 1)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(n1, 3)                                            # single-cell mode: one cell per well (rare doublets aside)
+        self.assertTrue(all(set(w) <= {'cd4'} for w in c.values()))
+
+    def test_side_stream_aim_drawer_and_sub_threshold_contamination(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready()
+        set_true_drop_delay(r)
+        A = r.A
+        r.provide('s', PBMC + [dict(population_id='debris', particle_id='human_platelet', concentration_per_m3=2e13)], vol=3e-6)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.call(A, 'acquisition.flow_rate', setting=3.0)
+        r.load('t')
+        two_way(r, n=3000)
+        r.call(A, 'deflection.set', test_sort=True)
+        ss = {x['stream']: x for x in r.call(A, 'sort.side_streams')['result']['streams']}
+        self.assertLess(abs(ss['left']['offset_from_target_m']), 1e-3)
+        self.assertTrue(r.call(A, 'sort.side_streams')['result']['centre_in_aspirator'])
+        r.call(A, 'deflection.set', test_sort=False, side_stream_fraction={'left': 0.25})
+        op = r.sort('two', max_s=60)
+        c = r.collected()
+        self.assertLess(sum(c.get('left', {}).values()), 0.1 * r.v('sort.counts')['left'])     # mis-aimed left stream misses the tube
+        self.assertGreater(c['right'].get('debris', 0.0), 0.0)                    # platelets below the FSC threshold ride along unseen
+        self.assertEqual(r.A.poll(op)['status'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test_clog_protection_and_partial_clog_contamination(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready()
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.load('t')
+        two_way(r, n=10 ** 6)
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'sort.start', layout_id='two')['operation_id']
+        r.step(3)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='clog_full', active=True)
+        r.step(1)
+        o = r.rd('stream.on', 'deflection.voltage_on', 'sort.drawer_open', 'sample.port_state', 'errors.active')
+        self.assertEqual((o['stream.on'], o['deflection.voltage_on'], o['sort.drawer_open']), (False, False, False))   # documented Sweet Spot response
+        self.assertEqual(o['sample.port_state'], 'unloading')
+        self.assertIn('CLOG', o['errors.active'])
+        self.assertEqual(r.A.poll(op)['status'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(r.A.poll(op)['result']['error'], 'CLOG')
+        r.step(4)
+        r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='flow_cell', angle_rad=1.2)
+        r.call(r.A, 'nozzle.install', nozzle='70')                                   # sonicated / new nozzle
+        self.assertNotIn('CLOG', r.v('errors.active'))
+        # a partial clog is not detected: the bent centre stream runs into the right tube
+        r2 = Rig()
+        r2.ready()
+        r2.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r2.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r2.load('t')
+        two_way(r2, n=10 ** 6)
+        r2.call(r2.A, 'sort.start', layout_id='two')
+        r2.step(3)
+        before = r2.collected().get('right', {}).get('cd4', 0.0)
+        r2.call(r2.E, 'fault.inject', fault='clog_partial', active=True)
+        r2.step(5)
+        self.assertTrue(r2.v('stream.on'))
+        self.assertGreater(r2.collected()['right'].get('cd4', 0.0), before + 200)
+
+    def test_emergency_stop(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.install', tube_id='t')
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample.load')
+        r.step(1)
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('lamp.estop_light'))                                  # lit while a tube is loading
+        r.step(3)
+        self.assertFalse(r.v('lamp.estop_light'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'deflection.set', voltage_on=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'safety.emergency_stop')
+        o = r.rd('safety.estop_latched', 'safety.estop_position_m', 'stream.on', 'deflection.voltage_on', 'sample.port_state', 'lasers.on', 'power.enabled')
+        self.assertEqual((o['safety.estop_latched'], o['stream.on'], o['deflection.voltage_on']), (True, False, False))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['safety.estop_position_m'], m.ESTOP_TRAVEL)
+        self.assertTrue(o['power.enabled'] and all(o['lasers.on'].values()))        # lasers and main power stay on
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('lamp.estop_light'))                                  # User's Guide p.42-43: lit while latched
+        r.step(5)
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('lamp.estop_light'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'stream.set', 'EMERGENCY_STOP_LATCHED', on=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'safety.reset_emergency_stop')
+        self.assertFalse(r.v('lamp.estop_light'))                                 # turning the button clockwise: light off
+        r.call(r.A, 'stream.set', on=True)
+        r.step(30)
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample.load')                                                   # the tube stayed on the lowered port
+        r.step(4)
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.record', record_id='e1', events=10 ** 5)['operation_id']
+        r.step(1)
+        r.call(r.B, 'safety.emergency_stop')                                          # another agent may always press the hardware button
+        self.assertEqual((r.A.poll(op)['status'], r.A.poll(op)['result']['error']), ('failed', 'EMERGENCY_STOP'))
+        self.assertTrue(any(e['code'] == 'EMERGENCY_STOP' and 'agent按下' in e['message_zh'] for e in r.call(r.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['result']['events']))
+        r.call(r.B, 'safety.reset_emergency_stop')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- temperatures, cart warnings, CS&T, power
+class Instrument(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_sample_and_collection_temperature(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.load('t')
+        r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.set', acquiring=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample.temperature', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', setpoint_k='277.15')
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample.temperature', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', setpoint_k=280.0)       # only the four software set points
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample.temperature', setpoint_k=277.15)
+        r.call(r.A, 'collection.temperature', setpoint_k=277.15)
+        r.step(2700)
+        o = r.rd('sample.chamber_temperature_k', 'collection.temperature_k', 'truth.sample_temperature_k')
+        self.assertLess(abs(o['sample.chamber_temperature_k'] - 277.15), 0.06 * (295.15 - 277.15))   # ~45 min (documented)
+        self.assertLess(abs(o['collection.temperature_k'] - 277.15), 0.2)
+        self.assertLess(o['truth.sample_temperature_k'], 279.0)
+
+    def test_level_warning_auto_stream_off(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False)
+        r.R.cart['waste'] = 0.0095
+        r.step(1)
+        self.assertIn('WASTE_FULL', r.v('warnings.active'))
+        r.step(600)
+        r.call(r.A, 'warnings.dismiss')
+        r.step(600)
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('stream.on'))
+        r.step(900)
+        self.assertFalse(r.v('stream.on'))                                       # documented: 15 min without dismissal turns the stream off
+        r.call(r.A, 'stream.set', on=True)                                           # still full: a fresh warning period, not an immediate stop
+        r.step(60)
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('stream.on'))
+        r.step(900)
+        self.assertFalse(r.v('stream.on'))
+        r.R.cart['waste'] = 0.0101                                                    # overflow
+        r.call(r.A, 'stream.set', on=True)
+        r.step(1)
+        self.assertIn('WASTE_OVERFLOW', r.v('errors.active'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'stream.set', on=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'cart.empty_waste', bleach_m3=0.001)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('cart.waste_level_fraction'), 0.1, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertNotIn('WASTE_OVERFLOW', r.v('errors.active'))
+        r.R.cart['sheath'] = 1.2e-5                                                   # runs dry (~0.1 ml/s at 70 psi)
+        r.call(r.A, 'stream.set', on=True)
+        r.step(150)
+        self.assertIn('SHEATH_EMPTY', r.v('errors.active'))
+        self.assertFalse(r.v('stream.on'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'cart.refill_sheath', volume_m3=0.009)
+        self.assertNotIn('SHEATH_EMPTY', r.v('errors.active'))
+
+    def test_cst_check(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready()
+        r.tube('cst', [dict(bead_id='cst_bead_bright', volume_m3=2e-7), dict(bead_id='cst_bead_mid', volume_m3=2e-7), dict(bead_id='cst_bead_dim', volume_m3=2e-7)], 4e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'cst.performance_check', 'CST_BEADS_REQUIRED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.install', tube_id='cst')
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample.load')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cst.performance_check', 'NOT_ACQUIRING')
+        r.step(5)
+        r.call(r.A, 'cytometer.settings', laser_delays_s={'violet': 30e-6})
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'cst.performance_check')['operation_id']
+        r.step(301)
+        self.assertEqual(r.A.poll(op)['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('cst.status'), 'passed')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('cytometer.laser_delays_s')['violet'], r.v('truth.laser_delays_s')['violet'], delta=1e-6)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='laser_failure_red', active=True)
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'cst.performance_check')['operation_id']
+        r.step(301)
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('cst.status'), 'failed')
+        self.assertIn('LASER_FAILURE_RED', r.v('errors.active'))
+
+    def test_power_loss_and_restore(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=True, sweet=True)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        o = r.rd('power.enabled', 'stream.on', 'lasers.on', 'fluidics.state', 'cart.air_pressure_pa')
+        self.assertFalse(o['power.enabled'] or o['stream.on'] or any(o['lasers.on'].values()))
+        self.assertEqual(o['fluidics.state'], 'ready')
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('power.enabled'))
+        self.assertFalse(any(r.v('lasers.warm').values()))                        # lasers must be switched on and warmed again
+
+    def test_settling_without_agitation(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(sweet=False)
+        r.tube('si', [dict(bead_id='silica_bead_1um', volume_m3=1e-6)], 0.0)
+        tb = r.R.tubes['si']
+        tb['settle'] = {k: 0.0 for k in tb['counts']}
+        k = list(tb['counts'])[0]
+        r.R.popspec[k]['diameter_m'] = 2e-5                                       # heavy particle: settles in minutes
+        r.R.popspec[k]['density_kg_m3'] = 2200.0
+        r.load('si')
+        r.step(2)
+        rate0 = r.v('acquisition.threshold_rate_eps')
+        r.step(900)
+        self.assertLess(r.v('acquisition.threshold_rate_eps'), 0.1 * rate0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample.agitation', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', speed='250_rpm')
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample.agitation', speed='300_rpm')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('sample.agitation_rate_hz'), 5.0)
+        r.step(120)
+        self.assertLess(r.v('acquisition.threshold_rate_eps'), 0.1 * rate0)      # facility: agitation even at 300 rpm is pretty ineffective
+        d0 = r.call(r.E, 'tube.inspect', tube_id='si')['result']['settled_depth_m'][k]
+        r.step(10)
+        d1 = r.call(r.E, 'tube.inspect', tube_id='si')['result']['settled_depth_m'][k]
+        v_s = 2.0 / 9.0 * (2200.0 - m.water_density(r.R.tubes['si']['T'])) * 9.80665 * 1e-10 / m.water_viscosity(r.R.tubes['si']['T'])
+        self.assertLess(d1 - d0, 0.45 * v_s * 10.0)                                 # agitation only slows the settling front (40 % of Stokes)
+        self.assertGreater(d1 - d0, 0.35 * v_s * 10.0)                              # ... and does not stop it (no resuspension)
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.mix', 'TUBE_NOT_ON_BENCH', tube_id='si')
+        r.unload()
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.mix', tube_id='si')                                        # pause, take the tube out and mix it (facility advice)
+        self.assertEqual(max(r.call(r.E, 'tube.inspect', tube_id='si')['result']['settled_depth_m'].values()), 0.0)
+        r.load('si', wait=5)
+        self.assertGreater(r.v('acquisition.threshold_rate_eps'), 0.5 * rate0)
+
+
+class ReviewRound1(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_unload_ends_sort_and_records(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready()
+        set_true_drop_delay(r)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC, vol=4e-6)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=1.5e-6)], 5e-7)
+        r.tube('t2', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=1.5e-6)], 5e-7)
+        r.load('t')
+        two_way(r, n=10 ** 6)
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'sort.start', layout_id='two')['operation_id']
+        rec = r.call(r.A, 'acquisition.record', record_id='rr', events=10 ** 5)['operation_id']
+        r.step(3)
+        n0 = r.v('sort.counts')['left']
+        self.assertGreater(n0, 100)
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample.unload')
+        o = r.rd('sort.state', 'sort.drawer_open', 'operations.running')
+        self.assertEqual((o['sort.state'], o['sort.drawer_open']), ('stopped', False))
+        self.assertEqual((r.A.poll(op)['status'], r.A.poll(op)['result']['error']), ('failed', 'SAMPLE_UNLOADED'))
+        self.assertEqual(r.A.poll(rec)['status'], 'failed')
+        r.step(4)
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.remove')
+        r.load('t2')
+        r.step(3)
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('sort.counts')['left'], n0)                           # nothing continues on the next tube
+        op2 = r.call(r.A, 'sort.start', layout_id='two')['operation_id']
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertLess(r.v('sort.counts')['left'], n0)                            # a new sort counts from zero
+        r.A.cancel(op2, 'c2')
+
+    def test_overflow_spill_ledger_and_truth_event(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready()
+        set_true_drop_delay(r)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC, vol=4e-6)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.load('t')
+        two_way(r, n=10 ** 6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=1.6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'collection.remove')
+        r.call(r.A, 'collection.install', device='2way_12x75', prefill_m3=5.0e-6)      # full tubes
+        r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=0.0)
+        led0 = r.call(r.E, 'ledger.read')['result']['ledger']
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'sort.start', layout_id='two')['operation_id']
+        r.step(5)
+        led = {k: v - led0[k] for k, v in r.call(r.E, 'ledger.read')['result']['ledger'].items()}
+        self.assertGreater(led['particles_spilled_from_collection'], 0.0)
+        resid = led['particles_drawn'] - led['particles_sorted'] - led['particles_to_waste'] - led['particles_lost_off_target'] - led['particles_leaked_into_collection']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(resid, 0.0, delta=1e-6)
+        tot = sum(sum(x.values()) for x in r.collected().values())
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(tot, led['particles_sorted'] - led['particles_spilled_from_collection'], delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['collection_spilled_m3'], led['collection_added_m3'], delta=1e-12)   # full tubes: every added drop spills over
+        frac = led['collection_spilled_m3'] / (2 * 5.0e-6)
+        self.assertLess(led['particles_spilled_from_collection'], 3.0 * frac * tot + 30.0)     # proportional (binomial), not >= 1 per population per tick
+        ev_a = [e for e in r.call(r.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['result']['events'] if e['code'] == 'COLLECTION_OVERFLOW']
+        ev_e = [e for e in r.call(r.E, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['result']['events'] if e['code'] == 'COLLECTION_OVERFLOW']
+        self.assertEqual(ev_a, [])                                                  # truth: the instrument has no level sensor
+        self.assertEqual(len(ev_e), 2)                                              # once per location
+        r.A.cancel(op, 'c3')
+
+    def test_custom_non_sorting_setup_and_plates(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.press_switch')
+        for L in m.LASERS:
+            r.call(r.A, 'lasers.set', laser=L, enabled=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'sort_setup.select', preset='70_custom')                       # Table 3-1 Custom: 70 um non-sorting, high sensitivity
+        o = r.rd('sheath.pressure_setpoint_pa', 'breakoff.frequency_hz', 'breakoff.amplitude_v', 'deflection.plate_voltage_v', 'cytometer.laser_delays_s',
+                 'cytometer.window_extension_s', 'cytometer.area_scaling', 'deflection.side_stream_fraction', 'breakoff.attenuation')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['sheath.pressure_setpoint_pa'] / PSI, 20.0, places=3)
+        self.assertEqual((o['breakoff.frequency_hz'], o['breakoff.amplitude_v'], o['deflection.plate_voltage_v'], o['breakoff.attenuation']), (30000.0, 10.0, 0.0, False))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['cytometer.laser_delays_s']['violet'], 82e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['cytometer.laser_delays_s']['red'], -82e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['cytometer.window_extension_s'], 4e-6)
+        self.assertEqual((o['cytometer.area_scaling']['blue'], o['cytometer.area_scaling']['red'], o['cytometer.area_scaling']['violet']), (0.75, 0.5, 0.25))
+        self.assertEqual(set(o['deflection.side_stream_fraction'].values()), {0.0})
+        r.call(r.A, 'fluidics.startup')
+        r.step(m.STARTUP_S + 1)
+        r.call(r.A, 'stream.set', on=True)
+        r.step(30)
+        o = r.rd('truth.laser_delays_s', 'truth.jet_speed_m_s', 'breakoff.drop1_px')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['truth.laser_delays_s']['violet'], 82e-6, delta=1e-6)   # the fitted flow reproduces the documented delay
+        self.assertLess(o['truth.jet_speed_m_s'], 0.5 * 28.0)
+        hi = Rig()
+        hi.ready(sweet=False)
+        rates = {}
+        for name, rig in (('custom', r), ('high', hi)):
+            rig.tube('b', [dict(bead_id='ps_bead_3um', volume_m3=2e-7, stains=[dict(dye='fluorescein_fitc', molecules=300.0, cv=0.02)])], 8e-7)
+            rig.call(rig.A, 'cytometer.settings', voltages={'B530_30': 550.0})
+            rig.step(m.WARMUP_S if name == 'custom' else 0.0)
+            rig.load('b', wait=6)
+            rig.record('dimb', 2000)
+            rates[name] = rig.stats(source='dimb', params=['B530_30-A'])['rows'][0]['parameters'][0]['median']
+        self.assertGreater(rates['custom'], 1.8 * rates['high'])                   # ~2.3 x longer transit at 20 psi: more photons per particle
+        # ACDU 24-well plate: one cell per well
+        h = Rig()
+        h.ready()
+        set_true_drop_delay(h)
+        h.provide('s', PBMC)
+        h.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        h.call(h.A, 'acquisition.flow_rate', setting=1.0)
+        h.load('t')
+        h.call(h.A, 'gate.define', gate_id='pos', kind='interval', x='B530_30-A', x_range=[3000.0, 262143.0])
+        h.call(h.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=1.6)
+        h.call(h.A, 'collection.install', device='plate_24', prefill_m3=5e-7)
+        h.call(h.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=0.0)
+        h.call(h.A, 'deflection.set', voltage_on=True)
+        h.call(h.A, 'sort.layout', layout_id='p24', device='plate_24', precision_mode='single_cell', targets={'plate': 'pos'}, events_per_well=2, wells=['A1', 'B6', 'D6'])
+        op = h.sort('p24', max_s=30)
+        self.assertEqual(h.A.poll(op)['status'], 'succeeded')
+        W3 = ('A1', 'B6', 'D6')
+        v_single = sum(x['volume_m3'] - 5e-7 for x in h.call(h.E, 'collection.inspect')['result']['locations'] if x['location'] in W3)
+        h.call(h.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=1.6)
+        h.call(h.A, 'collection.remove')
+        h.call(h.A, 'collection.install', device='plate_24', prefill_m3=5e-7)
+        h.call(h.A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=0.0)
+        h.call(h.A, 'sort.layout', layout_id='p24y', device='plate_24', precision_mode='purity', targets={'plate': 'pos'}, events_per_well=40, wells=['A1', 'B6', 'D6'])
+        op2 = h.sort('p24y', max_s=60)
+        self.assertEqual(h.A.poll(op2)['status'], 'succeeded')
+        v_yield = sum(x['volume_m3'] - 5e-7 for x in h.call(h.E, 'collection.inspect')['result']['locations'] if x['location'] in W3)
+        self.assertGreater(v_yield / 120.0, 1.5 * v_single / 6.0)                  # purity mode (yield mask 32): two drops per decision, single cell one
+        c = {w: sum(x.values()) for w, x in h.collected().items() if sum(x.values()) > 0}
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(c), ['A1', 'B6', 'D6'])
+
+    def test_rate_window_and_si_units(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False)
+        ob = r.A.read(instance_id=r.I, state_ids=['acquisition.threshold_rate_eps', 'sort.sort_rate_eps', 'sample.agitation_rate_hz'])['observations']
+        w = ob['acquisition.threshold_rate_eps']['sample_window_s']
+        self.assertEqual(len(w), 2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(w[1] - w[0], 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(w[1], r.R.t, delta=0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(ob['sample.agitation_rate_hz']['unit'], '1/s')
+        ob2 = r.A.read(instance_id=r.I, state_ids=['acquisition.events_processed'])['observations']['acquisition.events_processed']
+        self.assertIsNone(ob2['sample_window_s'])                                  # a running total, not a 1-s rate
+        out = r.call(r.A, 'amo.set', enabled=True, mode='rapid')['result']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['chamber_exchange_rate_per_s'], 69.0 / 60.0)
+        meta = m.export_bd_facsariaiii_contract_metadata()
+        units = {k: v['unit'] for k, v in meta['state_slots'].items()}
+        self.assertFalse([k for k, u in units.items() if u in ('1/min', 'SI', '%')])
+        params = meta['mechanisms']['flow_sorting_process']['parameters']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k, p in params.items() if p['unit'] in ('1/min', 'SI', '%')])
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- framework
+class Framework(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_sessions_isolation_and_idempotency(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        A, B, E = r.A, r.B, r.E
+        r.call(A, 'fault.inject', 'ACCESS_DENIED', fault='clog_full', active=True)
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):
+            A.read(instance_id=r.I, state_ids=['truth.faults'])
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('ta', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=1e-6)], 0.0)
+        r.call(B, 'tube.install', 'ACCESS_DENIED', tube_id='ta')
+        self.assertNotIn('ta', B.read(instance_id=r.I, state_ids=['tubes.on_bench'])['observations']['tubes.on_bench']['value'])
+        r.load('ta')
+        op = r.call(A, 'acquisition.record', record_id='ra', events=100000)['operation_id']
+        r.step(1)
+        r.call(B, 'stream.set', 'ACCESS_DENIED', on=False)                       # another agent's operation is running
+        r.call(B, 'statistics.read', 'ACCESS_DENIED', source='ra')
+        self.assertTrue(B.read(instance_id=r.I, state_ids=['operation.started_by_other_agent'])['observations']['operation.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):
+            B.poll(op)
+        # idempotency
+        r1 = A.invoke(instance_id=r.I, capability_id='drop_delay.set', arguments=dict(drops=43.5), request_id='same')
+        r2 = A.invoke(instance_id=r.I, capability_id='drop_delay.set', arguments=dict(drops=43.5), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        r3 = A.invoke(instance_id=r.I, capability_id='drop_delay.set', arguments=dict(drops=42.0), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        SEEN.add(('drop_delay.set', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT'))
+        A.cancel(op, 'cx')
+        self.assertEqual(A.poll(op)['status'], 'cancelled')
+        r.call(A, 'laser.uv_355nm', 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+    def test_atomic_rejection(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        before = copy.deepcopy(r.R.read('evaluator'))
+        samples = copy.deepcopy(r.R.samples)
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.prepare', 'VOLUME_OUT_OF_RANGE', tube_id='x', tube_type='1.5ml', sources=[dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=1e-6)], buffer_volume_m3=1e-6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.prepare', 'INSUFFICIENT_SAMPLE', tube_id='x', tube_type='15ml', sources=[dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6), dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'sort.layout', 'INVALID_LAYOUT', layout_id='l', device='2way_12x75', precision_mode='purity', targets={'far_left': 'x'})
+        r.call(r.A, 'cytometer.settings', 'INVALID_THRESHOLD', thresholds=[dict(parameter='FSC', value=1.0), dict(parameter='FSC', value=2.0)])
+        self.assertEqual(r.R.read('evaluator'), before)
+        self.assertEqual(r.R.samples, samples)
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        out = []
+        for parts in ([8.0], [0.5] * 16, [2.0, 0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 5.0]):
+            r = Rig(seed=9)
+            r.ready(warm=False, sweet=True)
+            r.provide('s', PBMC)
+            r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+            r.load('t', wait=0.0)
+            for p in parts:
+                r.R.step(p)
+            out.append((r.R.read('evaluator'), r.R.ledger()))
+        self.assertEqual(out[0], out[1])
+        self.assertEqual(out[0], out[2])
+
+
+class MoreRejections(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_preconditions(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        A = r.A
+        r.call(A, 'lasers.set', 'POWER_OFF', laser='blue', enabled=True)
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.call(A, 'sample.load', 'NO_TUBE')
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=1e-6)], 0.0)
+        r.tube('t2', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=1e-6)], 0.0)
+        r.call(A, 'tube.prepare', 'ITEM_EXISTS', tube_id='t', tube_type='12x75', sources=[dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=1e-7)])
+        r.call(A, 'tube.prepare', 'UNKNOWN_SAMPLE', tube_id='t3', tube_type='12x75', sources=[dict(sample_id='nope', volume_m3=1e-7)])
+        r.call(A, 'tube.prepare', 'INVALID_SOURCE', tube_id='t3', tube_type='12x75', sources=[dict(volume_m3=1e-7)])
+        r.call(A, 'tube.install', tube_id='t')
+        r.call(A, 'tube.install', 'PORT_OCCUPIED', tube_id='t2')
+        r.call(A, 'acquisition.record', 'NOT_ACQUIRING', record_id='x', events=10)
+        r.call(A, 'collection.install', 'DOOR_CLOSED', device='2way_12x75')
+        r.call(A, 'door.set', door='sort_chamber', angle_rad=0.3)
+        r.call(A, 'amo.set', 'DOOR_OPEN', enabled=True)
+        r.call(A, 'sort.start', 'UNKNOWN_LAYOUT', layout_id='none')
+        r.call(A, 'sort.pause', 'NOT_SORTING')
+        r.call(A, 'sweet_spot.set', enabled=True)
+        r.call(A, 'sort_setup.select', 'STREAM_ON', preset='100')
+        r.call(A, 'nozzle.install', 'STREAM_ON', nozzle='100')
+        r.call(r.E, 'sample.provide', 'UNKNOWN_PARTICLE', sample_id='z', volume_m3=1e-6, populations=[dict(population_id='p', particle_id='unicorn', concentration_per_m3=1.0)])
+        r.call(r.E, 'tube.inspect', 'UNKNOWN_ITEM', tube_id='zz')
+        r.call(A, 'statistics.read', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', source='nope')
+        r.call(A, 'sample.unload', 'NOT_LOADED')
+
+
+class Coverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_remaining_capabilities(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        A, E = r.A, r.E
+        r.call(A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        r.call(A, 'fluidics.startup')
+        r.step(m.STARTUP_S + 1)
+        op = r.call(A, 'cleaning.run', mode='clean_flow_cell')['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('fluidics.state'), 'cleaning')
+        r.step(m.CLEAN_S['clean_flow_cell'] + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(A.poll(op)['status'], 'succeeded')
+        r.call(A, 'door.set', door='flow_cell', angle_rad=1.2)
+        r.call(A, 'nozzle.install', nozzle='closed_loop')
+        op = r.call(A, 'cleaning.run', mode='prepare_aseptic_sort')['operation_id']
+        A.cancel(op, 'cc')
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('fluidics.state'), 'ready')
+        r.call(A, 'nozzle.install', nozzle='70')
+        r.call(A, 'door.set', door='flow_cell', angle_rad=0.0)
+        r.call(A, 'cart.refill_cleaning')
+        r.call(A, 'cart.refill_sheath', volume_m3=float(0.010 - r.v('truth.cart_sheath_m3')))
+        r.call(A, 'cart.refill_sheath', 'CONTAINER_OVERFLOW', volume_m3=0.001)
+        r.call(A, 'sheath.set_pressure', pressure_pa=60 * PSI)
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('sort_setup.preset'), 'custom')
+        r.call(A, 'sort_setup.select', preset='70_high')
+        r.call(A, 'stream.set', on=True)
+        r.step(30)
+        r.call(A, 'amo.set', enabled=True, mode='rapid')
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('amo.on'))
+        for L in m.LASERS:
+            r.call(A, 'lasers.set', laser=L, enabled=True)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.load('t')
+        rid = r.record('r1', 2000)['result']['record_id']
+        lst = r.call(A, 'records.list')['result']['records']
+        self.assertEqual(lst[0]['events'], 2000)
+        ex = r.call(A, 'data.export', record_id=rid, kind='fcs_csv')['result']
+        self.assertEqual(ex['rows'], 2000)
+        self.assertTrue(r.R.exports['r1.csv'].startswith('FSC-A,FSC-H,FSC-W'))
+        ev = r.call(A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['result']['events']
+        self.assertTrue(any(e['code'] == 'RECORD_DONE' for e in ev))
+        pv = r.call(A, 'provenance.read')['result']
+        self.assertEqual(len(pv['detectors']), 10)
+        two_way(r, n=10 ** 6)
+        r.call(A, 'sweet_spot.set', enabled=True)
+        r.step(0.2)
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('sweet_spot.paused'))                                 # Gap still off target: sorting would pause
+        r.step(60)
+        self.assertFalse(r.v('sweet_spot.paused'))
+        tb = r.call(E, 'tube.inspect', tube_id='t')['result']
+        self.assertLess(tb['volume_m3'], 3e-6)
+        sop = r.call(A, 'sort.start', layout_id='two')['operation_id']
+        r.step(3)
+        r.call(A, 'sort.pause')
+        n0 = r.v('sort.counts')['left']
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('sort.counts')['left'], n0)
+        r.call(A, 'sort.resume')
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertGreater(r.v('sort.counts')['left'], n0)
+        A.cancel(sop, 'cs')
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('sort.state'), 'stopped')
+        r.call(A, 'drawer.set', open=True)
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('sort.drawer_position_m'), m.DRAWER_TRAVEL)
+        missing = sorted(k for k in m.CAPS if k not in m.UNSUPPORTED and k not in PROCESS_EVIDENCE)
+        self.assertLessEqual(len(missing), 40)
+
+
+class ZDeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Immediate state changes stay within EFFECTS; changes after a step stay within EFFECTS | ON_STEP (compared with the same host not called)."""
+
+    def _check(self, rig, cap, args, session=None):
+        meta = m.export_bd_facsariaiii_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]
+        eff = {e['state_id'] for e in meta['state_effects'] if e['timing'] == 'immediate'}
+        on_step = {e['state_id'] for e in meta['state_effects']}
+        base = copy.deepcopy(rig.R)
+        s0 = rig.R.read('evaluator')
+        (session or rig.A).invoke(instance_id=rig.I, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'eff_{cap}')
+        s1 = rig.R.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in s0 if s0[k] != s1[k]} - {'operation.started_by_other_agent'}
+        self.assertTrue(changed <= eff, (cap, sorted(changed - eff)))
+        for dt in (2.0, 28.0):
+            rig.R.step(dt)
+            base.step(dt)
+            a, b = rig.R.read('evaluator'), base.read('evaluator')
+            diff = {k for k in a if a[k] != b[k]}
+            self.assertTrue(diff <= (eff | on_step), (cap, dt, sorted(diff - (eff | on_step))))
+
+    def test_declared_effects(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(warm=False, sweet=False)
+        r.provide('s', PBMC)
+        r.tube('t', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6)], 1e-6)
+        r.tube('t2', [dict(sample_id='s', volume_m3=5e-7)], 1e-6)
+        for cap, args in [('lasers.set', dict(laser='red', enabled=False)), ('breakoff.set', dict(amplitude_v=55.0)), ('drop_delay.set', dict(drops=43.0)),
+                          ('deflection.set', dict(voltage_on=True, plate_voltage_v=5000.0)), ('acquisition.flow_rate', dict(setting=3.0)),
+                          ('cytometer.settings', dict(voltages={'B530_30': 550.0})), ('sample.chamber_light', {}), ('tube.install', dict(tube_id='t')),
+                          ('sample.load', {}), ('sweet_spot.set', dict(enabled=True)), ('door.set', dict(door='side', angle_rad=1.0)),
+                          ('gate.define', dict(gate_id='g1', kind='interval', x='FSC-A', x_range=[1000.0, 262143.0])),
+                          ('compensation.set', dict(enabled=True)), ('sample.agitation', dict(speed='100_rpm')), ('drawer.set', dict(open=True)),
+                          ('acquisition.set', dict(acquiring=False)), ('acquisition.set', dict(acquiring=True)), ('sample.temperature', dict(setpoint_k=310.15)),
+                          ('collection.temperature', dict(setpoint_k=277.15)), ('amo.set', dict(enabled=True)), ('warnings.dismiss', {}),
+                          ('sort.layout', dict(layout_id='lx', device='2way_12x75', precision_mode='purity', targets={'left': 'g1'})),
+                          ('safety.emergency_stop', {}), ('safety.reset_emergency_stop', {}), ('tube.mix', dict(tube_id='t2')),
+                          ('cart.refill_cleaning', {})]:
+            self._check(r, cap, args)
+        self._check(r, 'fault.inject', dict(fault='power_loss', active=True), session=r.E)
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_codes_are_declared(self):
+        meta = m.export_bd_facsariaiii_contract_metadata()['capabilities']
+        missing = [(c, e) for c, e in sorted(SEEN) if e not in {x['code'] for x in meta[c]['errors']}]
+        missing += [(c, e) for c, es in sorted(REJECTIONS.items()) for e in sorted(es) if e not in {x['code'] for x in meta[c]['errors']}]
+        self.assertEqual(missing, [])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(SEEN), 30)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='rejection_codes_declared', status='passed', codes=len(SEEN)))
+
+    def test_zz_every_implemented_capability_called(self):
+        missing = sorted(k for k in m.CAPS if k not in m.UNSUPPORTED and k not in PROCESS_EVIDENCE)
+        self.assertEqual(missing, [])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_binder_fd056.py b/tests/test_asset_binder_fd056.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4889a448813bccb35a673f18b653634bc54e432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_binder_fd056.py
@@ -0,0 +1,657 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-011 binder_fd056 (BINDER FD 56 drying and heating chamber with forced convection): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_binder_fd056.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; heating-up 15 min, 290 W at 150 C and 4 min recovery as calibrated; heating and fan stop with the door open;
+fluctuation and spatial variation; air flap air change; drying of wet samples (constant and falling rate, boiling, chamber vapour, room
+humidity) to constant mass; class 2 safety controller (latched, reset with OK) and class 1 overtemperature device (330 C, reset after >= 10 s
+without mains below 230 C); Delayed Off timer with the fan selection; ramp; USB recording (interval, standby, outage, stick removal); racks and
+loads; Pt100 rupture (1999); fan failure; standby skipping exact; energy, liquid-mass and vapour ledgers close."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import binder_fd056 as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'binder_fd056_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+C0 = 273.15
+DOOR_90 = math.pi / 2.0
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.BinderFd056Runtime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            allowed = set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, [])) | (set(rt.ON_STEP['sim.step']) if cap == 'sim.step' else set())
+            extra = changed - allowed
+            assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_binder_fd056_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def truth(self):
+        return self.read('truth.process')
+
+    def on(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+
+    def setp(self, c):
+        self.call(self.A, 'temperature.set', temperature_k=C0 + c)
+
+    def door(self, open_):
+        self.call(self.A, 'door.set', angle_rad=DOOR_90 if open_ else 0.0)
+
+    def sample(self, sid='s1', level=1, position='front_left', ware='weighing_bottle_50x30', dry=0.005, liquid='water', liq_kg=0.002, **kw):
+        was_open = self.h._door_open()
+        if not was_open:
+            self.door(True)
+        r = self.call(self.A, 'sample.place', sample_id=sid, level=level, position=position, ware=ware, dry_mass_kg=dry, liquid_id=liquid, liquid_mass_kg=liq_kg, **kw)
+        if not was_open:
+            self.door(False)
+        return r
+
+    def remove(self, sid):
+        self.door(True)
+        r = self.call(self.A, 'sample.remove', sample_id=sid)['sample']
+        self.door(False)
+        return r
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+    def events(self, who=None):
+        return [e['code'] for e in self.call(who or self.E, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+
+
+def _balance(test, L):
+    scale = max(abs(L['e_heater_j']) + abs(L['e_fan_j']) + abs(L['e_samples_in_j']), 1.0)
+    test.assertLess(abs(L['energy_balance_j']), 1e-9 * scale + 1e-6, L)
+    test.assertLess(abs(L['mass_balance_kg']), 1e-12 + 1e-12 * L['m_placed_kg'], L)
+    test.assertLess(abs(L['vapour_balance_kg']), 1e-12 + 1e-12 * L['m_placed_kg'], L)
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k] = codes
+    name = {'_cmd_' + c.replace('.', '_'): c for c in rt.CAPS}
+    return {name[k]: v for k, v in out.items() if k in name}
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_consistent(self):
+        m = rt.export_binder_fd056_contract_metadata()
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], m['state_slots'], (k, e))
+            for p in c['preconditions']:
+                for s in p['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(s, m['state_slots'], (k, s))
+        for s in rt.SCENE_MIRRORED:
+            self.assertIn(s, rt.SLOTS)
+            self.assertEqual(rt.SLOTS[s]['visibility'], 'agent')
+        units = {p['unit'] for p in m['mechanisms']['drying_oven_process']['parameters'].values()}
+        self.assertFalse(units & {'degC', 'min', 'deg', 'K/min'}, units)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='metadata_consistent'))
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        m = rt.export_binder_fd056_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in m['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertFalse(codes - declared, (cap, codes - declared))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        obs = g.A.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        for cap, args in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='fan_failure', active=True)), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)),
+                          ('plant.configure', dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        d = g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.inspect', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.process', d['state_slots'])
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(280.0)
+        g.sample('p', ware='ptfe_dish_100', dry=0.01, liquid=None, liq_kg=0.0)
+        g.step(7200.0)
+        self.assertIn('WARE_OVERHEATED', g.events())                                                     # PTFE above its service limit: evaluator truth only
+        self.assertNotIn('WARE_OVERHEATED', g.events(g.A))
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.toggle', arguments={}, request_id='same')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.toggle', arguments={}, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('power.on'))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='a'), Rig(instance='b')
+        a.on()
+        a.setp(80.0)
+        a.step(60.0)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+        self.assertEqual(b.h.Ta, rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'])
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        def run(parts):
+            g = Rig(seed=7)
+            g.call(g.A, 'usb.set_stick', inserted=True)
+            g.on()
+            g.call(g.A, 'usb.record', on=True, interval_min=1)
+            g.setp(105.0)
+            g.sample('w', liq_kg=0.003)
+            g.call(g.A, 'timer.set', days=0, hours=0, minutes=4, fan_after='off')
+            for dt in parts:
+                g.step(dt)
+            r = g.h.read('evaluator')
+            return json.dumps({k: r[k] for k in r if k != 'clock.time_s'}, sort_keys=True, default=float), g.ledger(), g.call(g.A, 'usb.read')['rows']
+        a, la, ua = run([300.0])
+        b, lb, ub = run([0.05] * 6000)
+        c, lc, uc = run([7.33] * 40 + [6.8])
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a, c)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(la, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(lb, sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(ua, ub)
+        self.assertEqual(ua, uc)
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'temperature.set', expect='STANDBY', temperature_k=C0 + 100.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'usb.read', expect='NO_STICK')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='DOOR_CLOSED', sample_id='a', level=1, position='front_left', ware='petri_dish_100', dry_mass_kg=0.01)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rack.set', expect='DOOR_CLOSED', level=2, present=True)
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'usb.record', expect='NO_STICK', on=True)
+        g.door(True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='NO_RACK', sample_id='a', level=2, position='front_left', ware='petri_dish_100', dry_mass_kg=0.01)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='OVERFILL', sample_id='a', level=1, position='front_left', ware='crucible_porcelain_30ml', dry_mass_kg=0.0,
+               liquid_id='water', liquid_mass_kg=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='NOT_LIQUID', sample_id='a', level=1, position='front_left', ware='beaker_250ml', dry_mass_kg=0.0, liquid_id='diethyl_ether',
+               liquid_mass_kg=0.05, initial_k=C0 + 40.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='OVERLOAD', sample_id='a', level=1, position='front_left', ware='steel_tray_300x200', dry_mass_kg=29.5,
+               dry_density_kg_m3=22000.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='OVERFILL', sample_id='a', level=1, position='front_left', ware='weighing_bottle_50x30', dry_mass_kg=29.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', sample_id='a', level=1, position='front_left', ware='beaker_250ml', dry_mass_kg=0.0, liquid_mass_kg=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='a', level=1, position='front_left', ware='beaker_250ml', dry_mass_kg=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='DUPLICATE_ID', sample_id='a', level=3, position='front_left', ware='beaker_250ml', dry_mass_kg=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='POSITION_OCCUPIED', sample_id='b', level=1, position='front_left', ware='beaker_250ml', dry_mass_kg=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rack.set', expect='RACK_LOADED', level=1, present=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.remove', expect='NO_SAMPLE', sample_id='zz')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=99))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', expect='NO_MAINS', on=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flap.set', expect='NO_MAINS', position=2)
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_heating_up_energy_and_fluctuation(self):
+        g = Rig(ambient_k=C0 + 22.0)
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(150.0)
+        g.step(890.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.h.Tsens, C0 + 149.0)
+        g.step(20.0)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(g.h.Tsens, C0 + 149.0)                                                    # 15 min to 150 C (datasheet; calibrated)
+        g.step(8 * 3600.0)
+        L0, t0 = g.ledger(), g.h.t
+        dev = 0.0
+        for _ in range(360):
+            g.step(10.0)
+            dev = max(dev, abs(g.h.Tsens - (C0 + 150.0)))
+        L1 = g.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((L1['e_electric_total_j'] - L0['e_electric_total_j']) / (g.h.t - t0), 290.0, delta=2.0)   # 290 Wh/h at 150 C
+        self.assertLess(dev, 0.3)                                                                          # +-0.3 K fluctuation
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.temperature'), 150.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'SP   150')
+        _balance(self, L1)
+
+    def test_door_stops_heating_and_recovery(self):
+        g = Rig(ambient_k=C0 + 22.0)
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(150.0)
+        g.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        g.door(True)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('fan.running'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['heater_w'], 0.0)
+        g.step(25.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.truth()['air_k'], C0 + 110.0)                                                    # fresh room air in, liner still hot
+        g.door(False)
+        g.step(230.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.h.Tsens, C0 + 149.0)
+        g.step(20.0)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(g.h.Tsens, C0 + 149.0)                                                    # 4 min recovery (datasheet; calibrated)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_spatial_variation_and_flap(self):
+        g = Rig(ambient_k=C0 + 22.0)
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(150.0)
+        g.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        offs = [g.h._offset(lv, p) for lv in rt.LEVELS for p in rt.POSITIONS]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(max(abs(x) for x in offs), 1.7, delta=0.03)
+        e0, t0 = g.ledger()['e_electric_total_j'], g.h.t
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        p_closed = (g.ledger()['e_electric_total_j'] - e0) / (g.h.t - t0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flap.set', position=4)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('flap.angle_rad'), math.radians(60.0))
+        g.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        e0, t0 = g.ledger()['e_electric_total_j'], g.h.t
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        p_open = (g.ledger()['e_electric_total_j'] - e0) / (g.h.t - t0)
+        self.assertGreater(p_open, p_closed + 150.0)                                                       # 80 /h of fresh air to heat
+        self.assertGreater(max(abs(g.h._offset(lv, p)) for lv in rt.LEVELS for p in rt.POSITIONS), 2.0)  # flap open: worse uniformity
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_drying_to_constant_mass(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(105.0)
+        g.sample('w', dry=0.005, liq_kg=0.002)
+        masses = []
+        for _ in range(12):
+            g.step(600.0)
+            masses.append(g.truth()['samples']['w']['total_mass_kg'])
+        self.assertTrue(all(b <= a for a, b in zip(masses, masses[1:])))
+        self.assertLess(g.truth()['samples']['w']['liquid_kg'], 1e-6)                                     # dry within 2 h at 105 C
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        r = g.remove('w')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['total_mass_kg'], rt.WARES['weighing_bottle_50x30']['mass_kg'] + 0.005, delta=1e-6)   # constant mass
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['liquid_lost_kg'], 0.002, delta=1e-9)
+        L = g.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['process']['samples'], {})
+        self.assertGreater(L['m_vented_kg'] + L['m_condensed_kg'], 0.0019)
+        _balance(self, L)
+
+    def test_falling_rate_and_humidity(self):
+        def loss(rh, dry):
+            g = Rig(relative_humidity=rh)
+            g.on()
+            g.setp(45.0)
+            g.sample('w', ware='petri_dish_100', dry=dry, liq_kg=0.010)
+            g.step(1800.0)
+            _balance(self, g.ledger())
+            return 0.010 - g.truth()['samples']['w']['liquid_kg']
+        self.assertGreater(loss(0.0, 0.0), loss(0.9, 0.0) * 1.05)                                          # humid room air slows drying at 45 C
+        self.assertGreater(loss(0.5, 0.0), loss(0.5, 0.12) * 1.5)                                          # 10 g on 120 g solid: below the critical moisture
+
+    def test_boiling_limits_sample_temperature(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(150.0)
+        g.sample('e', ware='beaker_250ml', dry=0.0, liquid='ethanol', liq_kg=0.050)
+        tb = rt.boiling_k('ethanol', rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['pressure_pa'])
+        tmax = 0.0
+        for _ in range(60):
+            g.step(30.0)
+            s = g.truth()['samples']['e']
+            if s['liquid_kg'] > 0:
+                tmax = max(tmax, s['temperature_k'])
+        self.assertLessEqual(tmax, tb + 1e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth()['samples']['e']['boiled_kg'] + g.truth()['samples']['e']['evaporated_kg'], 0.01)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_safety_controller_class2(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(100.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.set_limit', limit_k=C0 + 105.0)
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='ssr_stuck_on', active=True)
+        for _ in range(600):
+            g.step(1.0)
+            if g.read('alarm.state'):
+                break
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'limit_active')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'ALAr tLI')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.alarm'))
+        self.assertLess(g.truth()['air_k'], C0 + 125.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.acknowledge')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'limit_active')                                           # still above: no reset
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='ssr_stuck_on', active=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'temperature.set', temperature_k=C0 + 95.0)
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'limit_latched')
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['heater_w'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.acknowledge')
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('alarm.state'))
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.h.Tsens, C0 + 95.0, delta=0.3)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_overtemperature_class1(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(250.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='safety_controller_failure', active=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='ssr_stuck_on', active=True)
+        g.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'overtemperature')
+        self.assertLess(g.truth()['air_k'], C0 + 345.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'ALAr OtP')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='ssr_stuck_on', active=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'overtemperature')                                         # too short and still hot
+        g.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        g.step(12.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+        self.assertNotEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'overtemperature')                                      # >= 10 s off and below 230 C
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_timer_delayed_off_and_fan_selection(self):
+        for fan_after in ('on', 'off'):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.on()
+            g.setp(80.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'timer.set', days=0, hours=0, minutes=20, fan_after=fan_after)
+            self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.timer'))
+            g.call(g.A, 'display.cycle')
+            g.call(g.A, 'display.cycle')
+            g.call(g.A, 'display.cycle')
+            self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 't 00020')
+            g.step(1199.0)
+            self.assertFalse(g.read('timer.state')['expired'])
+            g.step(2.0)
+            self.assertTrue(g.read('timer.state')['expired'])
+            self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 't   End')
+            self.assertEqual(g.read('fan.running'), fan_after == 'on')
+            g.step(60.0)
+            self.assertEqual(g.truth()['heater_w'], 0.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'alarm.acknowledge')                                                                # OK turns the expired timer off
+            self.assertFalse(g.read('timer.state')['set'])
+            self.assertTrue(g.read('fan.running'))
+            _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_ramp(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(50.0)
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'ramp.set', gradient_k_min=2, target_k=C0 + 90.0)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('ramp.state')['effective_k'], C0 + 70.0, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.h.Tsens, C0 + 70.0, delta=1.5)
+        g.step(1200.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('ramp.state')['active'])
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('temperature.set_k'), C0 + 90.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'ramp.set', gradient_k_min=3, target_k=C0 + 60.0)                                     # target below the actual value: set directly
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('ramp.state')['active'])
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('temperature.set_k'), C0 + 60.0)
+
+    def test_usb_recording_standby_outage(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'usb.set_stick', inserted=True)
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'usb.record', on=True, interval_min=2)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        rows = g.call(g.A, 'usb.read')['rows']
+        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 5)
+        self.assertEqual([r['time_s'] for r in rows], [0.1, 120.1, 240.1, 360.1, 480.1])
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)                                                                  # recording continues in standby
+        g.step(1200.0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(g.call(g.A, 'usb.read')['rows']), 15)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)                                    # interrupted by an outage
+        g.step(600.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+        n = len(g.call(g.A, 'usb.read')['rows'])
+        self.assertEqual(n, 15)
+        g.step(240.0)
+        self.assertGreater(len(g.call(g.A, 'usb.read')['rows']), n)
+        g.call(g.A, 'usb.set_stick', inserted=False)
+        self.assertIn('USB_REMOVED_WHILE_RECORDING', g.events())
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('usb.state')['recording'])
+
+    def test_sensor_rupture_fan_failure_unit(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(100.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'unit.set', unit='F')
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.temperature'), 212.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'SP   212')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sensor_rupture', active=True)
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.temperature'), 1999.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['heater_w'], 0.0)
+        g2, g3 = Rig(), Rig()
+        for x in (g2, g3):
+            x.on()
+            x.setp(150.0)
+            x.sample('d', ware='beaker_250ml', dry=0.1, liquid=None, liq_kg=0.0)
+        g3.call(g3.E, 'fault.inject', fault='fan_failure', active=True)
+        g2.step(1800.0)
+        g3.step(1800.0)
+        t2, t3 = g2.truth(), g3.truth()
+        self.assertLess(t3['samples']['d']['temperature_k'], t2['samples']['d']['temperature_k'] - 10.0)   # no forced convection: the load heats slower
+        self.assertGreater(t3['heater_k'], t2['heater_k'] + 20.0)                                          # and the element runs hotter
+        self.assertFalse(g3.read('fan.running'))
+        _balance(self, g3.ledger())
+
+    def test_standby_skipping_is_exact(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        n = g.h.tick
+        g.step(30 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.h.tick - n, int(round(30 * 86400.0 / rt.DT)))
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(60.0)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        g.step(24 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['air_k'], rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'])
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.standby'))
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('display.temperature'))
+        n = g.h.tick
+        g.step(10 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.h.tick - n, int(round(10 * 86400.0 / rt.DT)))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_racks_and_keys(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.door(True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rack.set', level=2, present=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('racks.levels'), [1, 2, 3])
+        g.call(g.A, 'rack.set', level=2, present=False)
+        g.door(False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'temperature.step', delta_k=1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'temperature.step', delta_k=-1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'temperature.step', delta_k=1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('temperature.set_k'), C0 + 26.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('power.on'))
+
+
+class RoundOneFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-1 review findings (R1-*)."""
+
+    def test_usb_rows_independent_of_standby_stepping(self):                                          # R1-01
+        def run(parts):
+            g = Rig(seed=3)
+            g.call(g.A, 'usb.set_stick', inserted=True)
+            g.on()
+            g.call(g.A, 'usb.record', on=True, interval_min=1)
+            g.call(g.A, 'timer.set', days=0, hours=0, minutes=10, fan_after='on')
+            g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+            for dt in parts:
+                g.step(dt)
+            return g.call(g.A, 'usb.read')['rows']
+        a = run([1800.0])
+        self.assertEqual(a, run([0.1] * 18000))
+        self.assertEqual(a, run([33.0] * 54 + [18.0]))
+        self.assertEqual([r['timer_s'] for r in a[1:4]], [540.0 - 0.1, 480.0 - 0.1, 420.0 - 0.1])
+
+    def test_vapour_bounded_by_ambient_pressure(self):                                               # R1-02
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(200.0)
+        g.sample('wet', ware='steel_tray_300x200', dry=0.2, liquid='water', liq_kg=1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flap.set', position=0)
+        pmax = 0.0
+        for _ in range(40):
+            g.step(60.0)
+            v = g.truth()['vapour_kg']
+            pmax = max(pmax, sum(m * rt.R_GAS * g.h.Ta / (rt.LIQ[k]['molar_mass_kg_mol'] * rt.V_AIR) for k, m in v.items()))
+        self.assertLessEqual(pmax, rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['pressure_pa'] * (1 + 1e-9))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_class1_clears_automatically_after_cooling(self):                                        # R1-03
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(250.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='safety_controller_failure', active=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='ssr_stuck_on', active=True)
+        for _ in range(240):
+            g.step(60.0)
+            if g.read('alarm.state') == 'overtemperature':
+                break
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'overtemperature')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='ssr_stuck_on', active=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        g.step(12.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth()['air_k'], rt.CLASS1[1])
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'overtemperature')                                         # still above 230 C
+        g.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertNotEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'overtemperature')                                      # cleared once below 230 C
+        self.assertIn('OVERTEMP_RESET', g.events())
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_door_cuts_heater_immediately(self):                                                     # R1-04
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(150.0)
+        g.step(120.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth()['duty'], 0.5)
+        g.door(True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['heater_w'], 0.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('indicator.heating'))
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('fan.running'))
+
+
+class RoundTwoFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-2 review findings (R2-*)."""
+
+    def test_no_usb_rows_inside_an_outage(self):                                                    # R2-01
+        for active in (False, True):
+            g = Rig(seed=4)
+            g.call(g.A, 'usb.set_stick', inserted=True)
+            g.on()
+            g.setp(50.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'usb.record', on=True, interval_min=1)
+            g.call(g.A, 'timer.set', days=0, hours=0, minutes=30, fan_after='on')
+            if not active:
+                g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+            g.step(300.0)
+            g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+            t0 = g.h.t
+            g.step(400.0)
+            t1 = g.h.t
+            g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+            g.step(300.0)
+            rows = g.call(g.A, 'usb.read')['rows']
+            self.assertFalse([r['time_s'] for r in rows if t0 < r['time_s'] <= t1 + 1e-9], active)
+            ts = [r['timer_s'] for r in rows if r['timer_s'] is not None]
+            self.assertTrue(all(b <= a for a, b in zip(ts, ts[1:])) and max(ts) <= 1800.0, ts)
+
+    def test_vapour_never_above_saturation(self):                                                   # R2-02
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.setp(120.0)
+        g.sample('wet', ware='steel_tray_300x200', dry=0.2, liquid='water', liq_kg=1.0)
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)                                                                  # warm wet tray in a cooling chamber
+        worst = 0.0
+        for _ in range(60):
+            g.step(60.0)
+            m = g.truth()['vapour_kg'].get('water', 0.0)
+            p = m * rt.R_GAS * g.h.Ta / (rt.LIQ['water']['molar_mass_kg_mol'] * rt.V_AIR) + g.h._room_water_pa()
+            worst = max(worst, p / rt.p_vap('water', g.h.Ta))
+        self.assertLessEqual(worst, 1.0 + 1e-9)
+        L = g.ledger()
+        self.assertGreater(L['m_condensed_kg'], 0.0)
+        _balance(self, L)
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        missing = set(rt.CAPS) - set(rt.UNSUPPORTED) - SEEN_CAPS - {'events.read'}
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_binder_kbf115.py b/tests/test_asset_binder_kbf115.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8030efb3a5577e6806fcffec90b10dc51cd7aca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_binder_kbf115.py
@@ -0,0 +1,646 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-198 binder_kbf115 (BINDER KBF 115 constant climate chamber): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_binder_kbf115.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; 40 C / 75 %RH steady state (fluctuation, 470 Wh/h, about 100 mL water a day, calibrated); recovery after 30 s door
+opening (6 / 7 min, calibrated) and the door-open behaviour (fan to minimum, all off after 60 s, door alarm after 5 min); 200 W heat compensation
+at 40 C; climate chart regions (A, B corner reached, outside not reached, dry mode); time programs (ramp / step, tolerance band pause, section
+repetition, power-failure resume); safety controller class 3.1, tolerance range alarms, reset and buzzer, the humidity-system alarm that cannot be
+acknowledged; freshwater tap / can and wastewater; sample exposure with measured templates (NaCl and KCl deliquescence humidities, solution
+branch, adsorbent isotherm, condensation on cold samples, degradation law, mean kinetic temperature); glass-door fog when the door heating
+fails; icing below +5 C and the manual defrost; idle mode, humidity off and the 10 min module warm-up, sensor failures; energy and water ledgers
+closing exactly."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import binder_kbf115 as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'binder_kbf115_01'
+T0 = 273.15
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.BinderKbf115Runtime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_binder_kbf115_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def run(self, T_c, rh, settle=6 * 3600.0, fan=1.0):
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.call(self.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + T_c, relative_humidity=rh, fan_fraction=fan)
+        self.step(settle)
+
+    def open(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=1.6)
+        self.call(self.A, 'glass_door.move', angle_rad=1.5)
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'glass_door.move', angle_rad=0.0)
+        self.call(self.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=0.0)
+
+    def until(self, pred, limit, every=10.0):
+        t = 0.0
+        while not pred() and t < limit:
+            self.step(every)
+            t += every
+        return t
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+    def climate(self):
+        return self.read('truth.climate')
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k] = codes
+    name = {'_cmd_' + c.replace('.', '_'): c for c in rt.CAPS}
+    return {name[k]: v for k, v in out.items() if k in name}
+
+
+def _balance(test, L):
+    E = (L['e_initial_j'] + L['e_heater_in_j'] + L['e_fan_in_j'] + L['e_door_heating_in_j'] + L['e_wall_in_j'] + L['e_glass_in_j'] + L['e_exchange_in_j']
+         + L['e_steam_in_j'] + L['e_sample_heat_in_j'] - L['e_refrigeration_out_j'] - L['e_drain_out_j'] + L['e_samples_added_j'] - L['e_samples_removed_j'] + L['e_reconfigure_in_j'])
+    scale = max(abs(L['e_initial_j']), abs(L['e_refrigeration_out_j']), abs(L['e_heater_in_j']), 1.0)
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(L['u_chamber_j'], E, delta=1e-9 * scale + 1e-3)
+    W = (L['w_initial_kg'] + L['w_supply_in_kg'] + L['w_can_refill_kg'] + L['w_exchange_in_kg'] - L['w_pumped_out_kg'] - L['w_overflow_kg']
+         + L['w_samples_added_kg'] - L['w_samples_removed_kg'])
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(L['w_system_kg'], W, delta=1e-12 + 1e-9 * (L['w_supply_in_kg'] + L['w_system_kg']))
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_binder_kbf115_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for name, p in meta['mechanisms']['climate_chamber_process']['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_binder_kbf115_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            g.call(g.A, k, expect='UNSUPPORTED')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in g.read(who=g.A)))
+        for cap, a in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='mains_outage', active=True)), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=a, request_id='x' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='heater_failure', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] in ('fault', 'truth') for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+        g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        a = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='same')
+        b = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        c = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(c['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='i1'), Rig(instance='i2')
+        a.call(a.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        runs = []
+        for parts in ([3000.0], [0.3, 7.7, 400.0, 2592.0], [1.0] * 40 + [2960.0]):
+            g = Rig(seed=7)
+            g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+            g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 40.0, relative_humidity=0.75)
+            for p in parts:
+                g.step(p)
+            v = g.read()
+            v.pop('clock.time_s')
+            runs.append(json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0], runs[1])
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0], runs[2])
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        r = rt.BinderKbf115Runtime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=2))
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SUPPLY_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, water_supply='can'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', expect='POWER_OFF', temperature_k=T0 + 30.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.reset', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'glass_door.move', expect='OUTER_DOOR_CLOSED', angle_rad=1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='OUTER_DOOR_CLOSED', **rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.remove', expect='UNKNOWN_SAMPLE', sample_id='nothing')
+        g.call(g.A, 'can.refill', expect='NO_CAN')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', relative_humidity=0.9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', temperature_k=T0 + 75.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.configure', expect='OUT_OF_LIMITS', mode='limit', value_k=50.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'tolerance.configure', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', delay_s=60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.start', expect='UNKNOWN_PROGRAM', program=5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.write', expect='INVALID_REPEAT', **dict(rt.PROGRAM_EXAMPLE, repeat=dict(from_section=2, to_section=2, count=1)))
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.write', **rt.PROGRAM_EXAMPLE)
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.start', program=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.write', expect='PROGRAM_RUNNING', **rt.PROGRAM_EXAMPLE)
+        g.open()
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', expect='GLASS_DOOR_OPEN', angle_rad=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='NO_SHELF', **dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, shelf=3))
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='SHELF_OVERLOAD', **dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, dry_mass_kg=29.0, container_mass_kg=2.0))
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='UNQUANTIFIED_SOLUTION', **dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, substance_id='lithium_chloride', initial_water_kg=0.01))
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', **rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='DUPLICATE_SAMPLE', **rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        for i, sh in enumerate((1, 1, 2, 2)):
+            g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', **dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id=f'w{i}', substance_id='inert', dry_mass_kg=24.0, container_mass_kg=0.0, shelf=sh) if i % 2 == 0
+                   else dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id=f'w{i}', substance_id='inert', dry_mass_kg=1.0, shelf=sh))
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, shelves=4))
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', **dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='big', substance_id='inert', dry_mass_kg=29.0, container_mass_kg=0.0, shelf=3))
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', expect='LOAD_LIMIT', **dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='big2', substance_id='inert', dry_mass_kg=29.0, container_mass_kg=0.0, shelf=4))
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SHELF_OCCUPIED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, shelves=2))
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.remove', sample_id='big')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, shelves=2))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='alien', active=True)
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_steady_40_75_energy_water_and_fluctuation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.run(40.0, 0.75)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'fixed')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('chart.region'), 'A')
+        L0 = g.ledger()
+        Ts, RHs = [], []
+        for _ in range(240):
+            g.step(15.0)
+            c = g.climate()
+            Ts.append(c['air_k'])
+            RHs.append(g.read('humidity.chamber'))
+        L1 = g.ledger()
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(abs(t - (T0 + 40.0)) for t in Ts), 0.1 + 0.05)                       # +-0.1 K fluctuation
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(abs(r - 0.75) for r in RHs), rt.DOC['humidity_fluctuation'])          # <= +-2 %RH
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((L1['electric_energy_j'] - L0['electric_energy_j']) / 3600.0, rt.DOC['energy_40_75_w'], delta=15.0)
+        g.step(86400.0 - 3600.0)
+        L2 = g.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L2['w_supply_in_kg'] - L0['w_supply_in_kg'], rt.DOC['water_consumption_kg_day']['at_40_75_closed'], delta=0.015)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('display.temperature'), 40.0, delta=0.15)
+        self.assertLessEqual(g.read('truth.power')['mains_current_a'], rt.DOC['unit_fuse_a'])
+        _balance(self, L2)
+
+    def test_door_recovery_and_door_behaviour(self):
+        for T_c, rh, target in ((25.0, 0.60, rt.DOC['recovery_25_60_s']), (40.0, 0.75, rt.DOC['recovery_40_75_s'])):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.run(T_c, rh)
+            g.open()
+            g.step(30.0)
+            self.assertIn('DOOR_OPEN', g.read('notifications.active'))
+            self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.door_open'))
+            self.assertLess(g.read('humidity.chamber'), rh - 0.03)
+            g.close()
+            last = 0.0
+            for k in range(1, 1801):
+                g.step(1.0)
+                if abs(g.read('temperature.chamber_k') - (T0 + T_c)) > 0.5 or abs(g.read('humidity.chamber') - rh) > 0.03:
+                    last = float(k)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(last, target, delta=0.25 * target, msg=(T_c, rh))  # one calibrated parameter for both targets
+            _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        g = Rig()
+        g.run(40.0, 0.75)
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=1.6)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'fixed')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('truth.power')['fan'], rt.ENG['fan_power_w'] * rt.FAN_LO ** 3, delta=1e-9)   # fan at minimum speed
+        g.step(31.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'door_off')                                          # all off after 60 s
+        p = g.read('truth.power')
+        self.assertEqual((p['heater'], p['fan'], p['compressor']), (0.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+        self.assertNotIn('DOOR_OPEN', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        g.step(rt.DOC['door_open_alarm_s'] - 61.0 + 1.0)
+        self.assertIn('DOOR_OPEN', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=0.0)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIn('DOOR_OPEN', g.read('alarms.active'))                                            # not acknowledged: stays after the door closed
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'alarm.reset')['cleared'], ['DOOR_OPEN'])
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_heat_compensation_200w(self):
+        res = {}
+        for load in (200.0, 300.0):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+            g.call(g.A, 'function.set', humidity_control=False)
+            g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 40.0)
+            g.open()
+            g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='dut', substance_id='inert', shelf=1, dry_mass_kg=2.0, initial_k=T0 + 40.0, exposed_area_m2=0.2, heat_output_w=load)
+            g.close()
+            g.step(5 * 3600.0)
+            res[load] = g.climate()['air_k'] - (T0 + 40.0)
+            self.assertEqual(g.read('chart.region'), 'dry')
+            _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        self.assertLess(abs(res[200.0]), 0.15)
+        self.assertGreater(res[300.0], 1.0)
+
+    def test_climate_chart_regions(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.run(10.0, 0.40, settle=12 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('chart.region'), 'B')
+        self.assertIn('CLIMATE_CHART_B', g.read('notifications.active'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('humidity.chamber'), 0.40, delta=0.03)
+        g.step(13 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertIn('CLIMATE_CHART_B_24H', g.read('notifications.active'))
+        g = Rig()
+        g.run(20.0, 0.10, settle=12 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('chart.region'), 'outside')
+        self.assertIn('CLIMATE_CHART_OUTSIDE', g.read('notifications.active'))
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('humidity.chamber'), 0.10 + 0.03)                                     # below the reachable dew point
+        self.assertLessEqual(g.climate()['dehumidification_evaporator_k'], rt.ENG['evaporator_min_k'] + 0.5)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_program_ramp_step_repeat_pause_and_power_failure(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.run(25.0, 0.60, settle=4 * 3600.0)
+        secs = [dict(duration_s=1800.0, temperature_k=T0 + 25.0, relative_humidity=0.60, transition='step'),
+                dict(duration_s=3600.0, temperature_k=T0 + 25.0, relative_humidity=0.60, transition='ramp'),
+                dict(duration_s=3600.0, temperature_k=T0 + 25.0, relative_humidity=0.60, transition='ramp'),
+                dict(duration_s=600.0, temperature_k=T0 + 35.0, relative_humidity=0.70, transition='step'),
+                dict(duration_s=600.0, temperature_k=T0 + 45.0, relative_humidity=0.70, transition='step', tolerance_k=1.0),
+                dict(duration_s=1.0, temperature_k=T0 + 45.0, relative_humidity=0.70, transition='step')]
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'program.write', program=4, sections=secs, repeat=dict(from_section=1, to_section=2, count=1))
+        self.assertEqual(r['duration_s'], sum(x['duration_s'] for x in secs) + 1800.0 + 3600.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.start', program=4)
+        g.step(1800.0 + 3600.0 + 1800.0 + 3600.0 + 1800.0)                                          # sections 1, 2, repeated 1, 2, half of 3 (ramp)
+        st = g.read('program.status')['running']
+        self.assertEqual((st['section'], st['reps_done']), (3, 1))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['elapsed'], 1800.0, delta=1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('setpoint.current')['temperature_k'], T0 + 30.0, delta=0.01)      # ramp 25 C -> 35 C: half way 30 C
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('setpoint.current')['relative_humidity'], 0.65, delta=1e-4)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        g.step(1200.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'outage')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarms.active'), [])                                                   # the panel is dead
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('program.status')['running']['elapsed'], 1801.0, delta=1.5)     # program time held during the outage
+        self.assertIn('POWER_FAILURE', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        g.step(1799.0 + 600.0 + 60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('program.status')['running']['section'], 5)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'program_paused')                                    # step to 45 C outside the 1 K band
+        self.assertLess(g.read('program.status')['running']['elapsed'], 120.0)
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('program.status')['running'] is None, 6 * 3600.0, 60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('setpoint.current')['source'], 'fixed')
+        self.assertTrue(any(e['code'] == 'PROGRAM_PAUSE' for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.start', program=4)
+        self.assertTrue(g.call(g.A, 'program.stop')['stopped'])
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_safety_tolerance_alarms_reset_and_buzzer(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.run(40.0, 0.75)
+        g.call(g.A, 'tolerance.configure', temperature_k=2.0, relative_humidity=0.05, delay_s=900.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.configure', mode='offset', value_k=2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('safety.settings')['limit_k'], T0 + 42.0)
+        g.open()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='hot', substance_id='inert', shelf=2, dry_mass_kg=3.0, initial_k=T0 + 40.0, exposed_area_m2=0.3, heat_output_w=450.0)
+        g.close()
+        t = g.until(lambda: 'SAFETY_CONTROLLER' in g.read('alarms.active'), 3 * 3600.0, 10.0)
+        self.assertLess(t, 3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('truth.power')['heater'], 0.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.alarm_header'))
+        g.step(960.0)
+        self.assertIn('TEMPERATURE_RANGE', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'alarm.reset')
+        self.assertIn('SAFETY_CONTROLLER', r['muted'])
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        g.open()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.remove', sample_id='hot')
+        g.close()
+        g.until(lambda: 'SAFETY_CONTROLLER' not in g.read('alarms.active'), 4 * 3600.0, 30.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('SAFETY_CONTROLLER', g.read('alarms.active'))                               # acknowledged: clears by itself
+        g.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('TEMPERATURE_RANGE', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'buzzer.set', on=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='humidity_module_failure', active=True)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertIn('HUMIDITY_SYSTEM', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('alarm.audible'))                                                       # buzzer off
+        g.call(g.A, 'buzzer.set', on=True)
+        self.assertNotIn('HUMIDITY_SYSTEM', g.call(g.A, 'alarm.reset')['muted'])                       # must not be acknowledged
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='humidity_module_failure', active=False)
+        for f, code in (('temperature_sensor_failure', 'TEMPERATURE_SENSOR'), ('humidity_sensor_failure', 'HUMIDITY_SENSOR'), ('safety_sensor_failure', 'SAFETY_SENSOR'),
+                        ('door_sensor_failure', 'DOOR_SENSOR')):
+            g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault=f, active=True)
+            g.step(2.0)
+            self.assertIn(code, g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('display.temperature'))
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('display.humidity'))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_water_supply_can_and_wastewater(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.run(40.0, 0.75)
+        g.call(g.A, 'water.supply', open=False)
+        t = g.until(lambda: 'FRESHWATER_SUPPLY' in g.read('alarms.active'), 48 * 3600.0, 600.0)
+        self.assertLess(t, 3 * 3600.0)                                                                # the next fill attempt fails (level about 10 % down)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.water'))
+        g.step(36 * 3600.0)                                                                           # the 0.07 L container runs dry (about 0.1 L a day)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('humidity.chamber'), 0.70)
+        g.call(g.A, 'water.supply', open=True)
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('humidity.chamber'), 0.75, delta=0.02)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        c = Rig(water_supply='can')
+        self.assertEqual(c.read('water.can_kg'), rt.ENG['can_capacity_kg'])
+        c.run(25.0, 0.60, settle=3600.0)
+        kg = c.read('water.can_kg')
+        self.assertLess(kg, rt.ENG['can_capacity_kg'])
+        c.call(c.A, 'can.refill')
+        self.assertEqual(c.read('water.can_kg'), rt.ENG['can_capacity_kg'])
+        c.h.can_kg = 0.0                                                                               # an empty can (evaluator shortcut)
+        c.h.hum_kg = 0.0
+        c.step(10.0)
+        self.assertIn('FRESHWATER_CAN_EMPTY', c.read('alarms.active'))
+        w = Rig()
+        w.run(25.0, 0.80, settle=2 * 3600.0)
+        w.call(w.E, 'fault.inject', fault='wastewater_blocked', active=True)
+        old = w.h.waste
+        w.h.waste = 0.49                                                                              # a nearly full can (evaluator shortcut)
+        w.h.led['w_initial_kg'] += 0.49 - old                                                         # keep the water ledger consistent
+        w.call(w.A, 'setpoint.set', relative_humidity=0.30)
+        t = w.until(lambda: 'WASTEWATER' in w.read('alarms.active'), 48 * 3600.0, 300.0)
+        self.assertLess(t, 48 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(w.climate()['wastewater_kg'], rt.DOC['wastewater_tank_kg'] - 1e-9)
+        _balance(self, w.ledger())
+
+    def test_sample_exposure_templates(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.run(25.0, 0.60)
+        g.open()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='nacl', substance_id='sodium_chloride', shelf=1, dry_mass_kg=0.010, exposed_area_m2=0.02, initial_k=T0 + 25.0, container_mass_kg=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='kcl', substance_id='potassium_chloride', shelf=1, dry_mass_kg=0.010, exposed_area_m2=0.005, initial_k=T0 + 25.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='mof', substance_id='uio_66', shelf=2, dry_mass_kg=0.005, exposed_area_m2=0.003, initial_k=T0 + 25.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='cold', substance_id='inert', shelf=2, dry_mass_kg=0.5, exposed_area_m2=0.02, initial_k=T0 + 5.0, heat_capacity_j_kg_k=900.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='drug', substance_id='inert', shelf=2, dry_mass_kg=0.02, initial_k=T0 + 25.0,
+               degradation=dict(rate_ref_per_s=1e-7, activation_j_mol=100000.0, humidity_exponent=2.0))
+        g.close()
+        self.assertEqual(len(g.call(g.A, 'samples.read')['samples']), 5)
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        tr = g.read('truth.samples')
+        self.assertGreater(tr['cold']['exposure']['condensation_events'], 0)                           # cold item below the dew point
+        g.step(2 * 86400.0)
+        tr = g.read('truth.samples')
+        self.assertEqual(tr['nacl']['water_kg'], 0.0)                                                   # 60 %RH < NaCl 75.3 %
+        self.assertEqual(tr['nacl']['state'], 'dry')
+        q_eq = rt._interp(rt.SORPTION['uio_66']['adsorption']['relative_humidity'], rt.SORPTION['uio_66']['adsorption']['uptake_kg_kg'], 0.60)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(tr['mof']['water_kg'] / 0.005, q_eq, delta=0.1 * q_eq)
+        self.assertEqual(tr['cold']['film_kg'], 0.0)                                                    # the film evaporated after warming
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', relative_humidity=0.80)
+        g.step(4 * 86400.0)
+        tr = g.read('truth.samples')
+        self.assertGreater(tr['nacl']['water_kg'], 0.0)                                                 # 80 %RH > 75.3 %: deliquesced
+        self.assertIn(tr['nacl']['state'], ('solution', 'saturated_solution', 'solution_extrapolated'))
+        self.assertEqual(tr['kcl']['water_kg'], 0.0)                                                    # KCl 84.3 %: still dry
+        g.step(10 * 86400.0)
+        tr = g.read('truth.samples')
+        m = 0.010 / rt.SORPTION['sodium_chloride']['solution_branch']['solute_molar_mass_kg_mol'] / tr['nacl']['water_kg']
+        aw, q = rt.branch_aw('sodium_chloride', m)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(aw, 0.80, delta=0.02)                                                    # solution in equilibrium with 80 %RH
+        g.open()
+        rep = g.call(g.A, 'sample.remove', sample_id='nacl')['sample']
+        self.assertEqual(rep['appearance'], 'liquid')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rep['total_mass_kg'], 0.06 + tr['nacl']['water_kg'], delta=1e-3)
+        self.assertNotIn('exposure', rep)                                                               # hidden process values only in the truth
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.remove', sample_id='drug')
+        g.close()
+        rm = {r['sample_id']: r for r in g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['removed_samples']}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rm['nacl']['exposure']['mean_kinetic_temperature_k'], T0 + 25.0, delta=0.6)  # shelf offset and the latent heat of uptake
+        self.assertGreater(rm['nacl']['exposure']['time_above_deliquescence_s'], 13 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertGreater(rm['drug']['degraded_fraction'], 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(rm['drug']['degraded_fraction'], 1.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_glass_fog_when_door_heating_fails(self):
+        g = Rig(ambient_k=T0 + 15.0)
+        g.run(40.0, 0.80, settle=4 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('door.glass_fogged'))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='door_heating_failure', active=True)
+        g.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('door.glass_fogged'))
+        self.assertLess(g.climate()['glass_k'], g.climate()['dew_point_k'])
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='door_heating_failure', active=False)
+        g.step(8 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('door.glass_fogged'))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_icing_below_5c_and_manual_defrost(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'function.set', humidity_control=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 2.0)
+        g.step(86400.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('temperature.chamber_k'), T0 + 2.0, delta=0.3)
+        g.step(2 * 86400.0)
+        ice = g.climate()['evaporator_ice_kg']
+        self.assertGreater(ice, 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'function.set', humidity_control=True)                                               # manual defrost: 0 %RH, 40 C, 30 min
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 40.0, relative_humidity=0.0)
+        g.step(1800.0 + 3600.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.climate()['evaporator_ice_kg'], 0.05 * ice)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_idle_humidity_off_warmup_and_logger(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.run(30.0, 0.70, settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'logger.configure', interval_s=120.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'function.set', humidity_control=False)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('setpoint.current')['relative_humidity'])
+        self.assertIn('HUMIDITY_OFF', g.read('notifications.active'))
+        g.step(1200.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.climate()['humidifier_ready'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'function.set', humidity_control=True)
+        g.step(300.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.climate()['humidifier_ready'], 1.0)                                          # up to 10 min until fully available
+        g.step(400.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.climate()['humidifier_ready'], 1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'function.set', idle_mode=True)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'idle')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('truth.power')['heater'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'function.set', idle_mode=False)
+        recs = g.call(g.A, 'log.read', last=20)['records']
+        self.assertEqual(len(recs), 20)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(recs[-1]['time_s'] - recs[-2]['time_s'], 120.0, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('logger.settings')['interval_s'], 120.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'off')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('power.on'))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+
+    def test_review_r1_fixes(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 25.0, relative_humidity=0.60)
+        g.step(900.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('truth.climate')['steam_kg_s'], 0.0)                                # E7: about 20 min before humidification
+        g.step(900.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.climate')['steam_kg_s'] + g.read('truth.climate')['humidifier_ready'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.configure', mode='limit', value_k=T0 + 45.0)                                # absolute limit accepted
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.configure', mode='offset', value_k=40.0, expect='OUT_OF_LIMITS')
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.configure', mode='offset', value_k=2.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 40.0, relative_humidity=0.75, fan_fraction=0.4)  # lowest documented fan speed
+        g.step(10 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('truth.climate')['relative_humidity'], 0.75, delta=0.035)
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, ambient_k=T0 + 35.0, pressure_pa=80000.0))  # re-referenced energy stays balanced
+        g.step(600.0)
+        _balance(self, g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger'])
+        g.open()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='h1', substance_id='inert', shelf=1, dry_mass_kg=1.0, initial_k=T0 + 40.0, heat_output_w=400.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='h2', substance_id='inert', shelf=1, dry_mass_kg=1.0, initial_k=T0 + 40.0, heat_output_w=200.0, expect='HEAT_LOAD_LIMIT')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.remove', sample_id='h1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.place', sample_id='suc', substance_id='d_sucrose', shelf=1, dry_mass_kg=0.010, initial_k=T0 + 25.0,
+               initial_water_kg=0.010 / rt.SORPTION['d_sucrose']['solution_branch']['solute_molar_mass_kg_mol'])   # 1 mol/kg
+        g.close()
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 25.0, relative_humidity=0.30, fan_fraction=1.0)
+        g.step(2 * 86400.0)
+        b = rt.SORPTION['d_sucrose']['solution_branch']
+        w_min = 0.010 / b['solute_molar_mass_kg_mol'] / b['molality_mol_kg'][-1]
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.samples')['suc']['water_kg'], 0.9 * w_min)                     # stops at the most concentrated measured point
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 3.0, relative_humidity=0.60)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertIn('HUMIDITY_OFF', g.read('notifications.active'))                                          # E7: humidity control off below 5 C
+
+
+    def test_review_r2_fixes(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'function.set', humidity_control=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 60.0, fan_fraction=1.0)                        # high heater load: integral released after the hold
+        g.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('truth.climate')['air_k'], T0 + 60.0, delta=0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 3.0)['chart_region'], 'dry')        # same rule as chart.region
+        g.call(g.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 40.0, relative_humidity=0.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'function.set', humidity_control=True)                                              # after dry running: no second 20 min wait
+        g.step(700.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.climate')['humidifier_ready'], 0.9)
+        d = Rig()
+        d.run(50.0, 0.10)                                                                               # dehumidification without temperature swings
+        xs = []
+        for _ in range(180):
+            d.step(10.0)
+            xs.append(d.read('truth.climate')['air_k'])
+        self.assertLess(max(xs) - min(xs), 0.2)
+        w = Rig()
+        w.call(w.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        w.call(w.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 30.0, relative_humidity=0.65, fan_fraction=0.4)  # no overshoot trip at minimum fan
+        w.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('SAFETY_CONTROLLER', w.read('alarms.active'))
+        c = Rig()
+        c.call(c.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        c.call(c.A, 'function.set', humidity_control=False)
+        c.call(c.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 59.0)
+        c.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        c.call(c.A, 'setpoint.set', temperature_k=T0 + 61.0)                                            # compressor stops: bumpless, no safety trip
+        peak = 0.0
+        for _ in range(120):
+            c.step(10.0)
+            peak = max(peak, c.read('truth.climate')['air_k'] - T0 - 61.0)
+        self.assertLess(peak, 0.8)
+        self.assertNotIn('SAFETY_CONTROLLER', c.read('alarms.active'))
+        s = Rig()
+        s.run(40.0, 0.50, settle=3 * 3600.0)                                                            # start-up from the room: no false humidity alarm
+        self.assertNotIn('HUMIDITY_RANGE', s.read('alarms.active'))
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_biolin_mediuml.py b/tests/test_asset_biolin_mediuml.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..551ee825855d5643c77c1205ffa82ac62b0a8a48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_biolin_mediuml.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+"""CHEM127 finite real-source Langmuir/Wilhelmy/deposition protocol regressions."""
+import copy,hashlib,importlib.util,json,math,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest import mock
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import biolin_mediuml as rt
+OBSERVED=[]
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ r=h.invoke(k,**a);OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));return r
+def setup(name='mediuml_test',plant=None,sample=None,substrate=False,preimmerse=False):
+ h=rt.BiolinMediumlRuntime(name)
+ for k,a in [('plant.configure',dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {}))),('subphase.load',rt.SUBPHASE_EXAMPLE),('power.set',{'enabled':True})]:call(h,k,**a)
+ if substrate or preimmerse:
+  call(h,'substrate.load',**rt.SUBSTRATE_EXAMPLE);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=True)
+ if preimmerse:call(h,'dipper.move',position_m=.119,speed_m_s=.0018);h.step(66.2)
+ call(h,'balance.tare');call(h,'solution.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));call(h,'film.spread',volume_m3=50e-9);h.step(4.)
+ return h
+def finish(h,limit=300):
+ for _ in range(round(limit/.1)):
+  h.step(.1)
+  if h.phase!='running':break
+ return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+def compress(h):
+ call(h,'method.configure',**rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE);call(h,'acquisition.start');return finish(h)
+def deposition_ready(plant=None):
+ h=setup(plant=plant,preimmerse=True);m=dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,mode='hold',duration_s=100.)
+ call(h,'method.configure',**m);call(h,'acquisition.start');finish(h)
+ m.update(mode='deposition',duration_s=45.,dipper_positions_m=[.063]);call(h,'method.configure',**m);return h
+
+def cleanup(h):
+ if h.phase=='running':call(h,'acquisition.stop')
+ if h.control:call(h,'pressure.control',enabled=False,target_n_m=.02,speed_m_s=.0045)
+ if h.substrate:
+  call(h,'dipper.move',position_m=0.,speed_m_s=.0018);h.step(70.);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=False);call(h,'substrate.remove')
+ call(h,'film.clean');call(h,'solution.remove');call(h,'probe.move',distance_m=.04);call(h,'subphase.remove');call(h,'power.set',enabled=False)
+
+class TestMediumL(unittest.TestCase):
+ def rejected(self,h,k,error='.',**a):
+  before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,error):h.invoke(k,**a)
+  self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__)
+ def ledger(self,h):
+  x=call(h,'ledger.read')
+  for k in ['solute_error_mol','solute_error_kg','solvent_error_m3']:self.assertLess(abs(x[k]),1e-18,k)
+  self.assertLess(abs(x['subphase_error_kg']),1e-12);self.assertLess(abs(x['thermal_error_j']),1e-10);return x
+ def test_01_real_source_compression_and_same_number_area(self):
+  h=setup();n=h.surface_mol;r=compress(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(r['rows']),169);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],16.8);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.area,.016);self.assertEqual(h.surface_mol,n);a,p=rt.curve(h.reference);self.assertAlmostEqual(h._eos()[0],np.interp(h.area/n/rt.NA,a,p));self.assertGreater(r['rows'][-1]['surface_pressure_n_m'],r['rows'][0]['surface_pressure_n_m']);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_02_three_real_references_preserved_and_distinct(self):
+  lib=rt.library();ids=['statins2020_dmpc_control','statins2020_dmpe_control','statins2020_dmps_control'];pressures=[]
+  for rid in ids:
+   rec=copy.deepcopy(lib['substances'][rid]);h=setup(sample={'reference_id':rid});compress(h);pressures.append(h._eos()[0]);self.assertEqual(h.reference,rec);self.assertGreater(len(rec['values']['molecular_area_m2']),600);self.assertEqual(rec['conditions']['temperature_k'],294.15);self.assertEqual(h.source,json.dumps(rec['source'],ensure_ascii=False));self.ledger(h)
+  self.assertEqual(len(set(round(p,8) for p in pressures)),3);self.assertGreaterEqual(len(lib['substances']),46);self.assertEqual(sum(v.get('runtime_usable') is True for v in lib['substances'].values()),3)
+ def test_03_negative_noise_and_local_derivative_not_clipped(self):
+  rec=rt.library()['substances']['statins2020_dmpc_control'];a,p=rt.curve(rec);self.assertLess(min(p),0);found=False
+  for j in range(len(a)-1):
+   x=(a[j]+a[j+1])/2
+   if x<rec['runtime_domain']['minimum_molecular_area_m2']:continue
+   q,c=rt.eos(rec,x);self.assertAlmostEqual(q,(p[j]+p[j+1])/2,places=12);self.assertAlmostEqual(c,-x*(p[j+1]-p[j])/(a[j+1]-a[j]),places=10)
+   if c<0:found=True
+  self.assertTrue(found)
+ def test_04_collapse_and_extrapolation_domains_atomic(self):
+  h=setup();lower=h.reference['runtime_domain']['minimum_molecular_area_m2'];self.rejected(h,'barrier.move','EOS_AREA_RANGE',area_m2=lower*h.surface_mol*rt.NA*.99,speed_m_s=.0045)
+  for a in [lower*.99,max(h.reference['values']['molecular_area_m2'])*1.01]:
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):rt.eos(h.reference,a)
+  self.assertEqual(rt.eos(h.reference,max(h.reference['values']['molecular_area_m2'])*1.01,True),(0.,0.))
+ def test_05_evaporation_finite_latent_and_not_instant(self):
+  h=rt.BiolinMediumlRuntime()
+  for k,a in [('plant.configure',rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE),('subphase.load',rt.SUBPHASE_EXAMPLE),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('balance.tare',{}),('solution.load',rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),('film.spread',{'volume_m3':50e-9})]:call(h,k,**a)
+  self.assertEqual(h.surface_solvent,50e-9);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','SOLVENT_NOT_EVAPORATED');h.step(1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.surface_solvent,50e-9*math.exp(-2.));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.latent_energy,(50e-9-h.surface_solvent)*1480*250000);h.step(3.);compress(h);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_06_noisy_wilhelmy_has_wetting_bias(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'plate_contact_cosine':.7,'force_gain':1.2});p=h._eos()[0];self.assertAlmostEqual(h._observed(),p*.7*1.2,places=9);self.assertNotAlmostEqual(h._observed(),p,places=5);self.rejected(h,'balance.tare','CLEAN_BASELINE_REQUIRED');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_07_buoyancy_level_and_fixed_tare_observation(self):
+  h=setup(substrate=True);start=h._observed();n=h.surface_mol;call(h,'dipper.move',position_m=.119,speed_m_s=.0018);h.step(66.2);self.assertEqual(h.surface_mol,n);rise=.052*.003*.056/rt.AREA_MAX;self.assertAlmostEqual(h._liquid_rise(),rise);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['subphase.level_delta_m'],rise);self.assertGreater(h._observed(),start);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_08_full_hydrophilic_first_upstroke_actual_transfer_ratio(self):
+  h=deposition_ready();before=h.surface_mol;call(h,'acquisition.start');r=finish(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(r['completed_strokes'],1);s=r['strokes'][0];self.assertEqual(s['direction'],'up');self.assertAlmostEqual(s['swept_area_m2'],2*.052*.056,places=12);self.assertAlmostEqual(s['transfer_ratio'],(s['start_area_m2']-s['end_area_m2'])/s['swept_area_m2']);self.assertGreater(h.deposited_mol,0);self.assertAlmostEqual(before-h.surface_mol,h.deposited_mol,places=18);self.assertNotEqual(s['transfer_ratio'],h.substrate['transfer_efficiency']);self.assertTrue(h.first_favorable_transferred);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_09_cancel_keeps_partial_layer_inventory_and_history(self):
+  h=deposition_ready();s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start')['operation_id'];h.step(3.);s.cancel(op,'cancel');r=s.poll(op);self.assertEqual(r['result']['completed_strokes'],0);self.assertFalse(r['result']['strokes'][0]['completed']);self.assertGreater(h.deposited_mol,0);before=h.deposited_mol;z=h.dipper;h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(h.dipper,z);self.assertEqual(h.deposited_mol,before);self.assertEqual(s.poll(op),r);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_10_blank_correction_uses_input_not_hidden_true_leak(self):
+  h=deposition_ready();m=dict(h.method,blank_leak_area_rate_m2_s=1e-6);call(h,'method.configure',**m);call(h,'acquisition.start');r=finish(h);s=r['strokes'][0];expected=s['transfer_ratio']-1e-6*(s['end_time_s']-s['start_time_s'])/s['swept_area_m2'];self.assertAlmostEqual(s['blank_corrected_transfer_ratio'],expected);self.assertEqual(h.leaked_mol,0)
+ def test_11_first_favorable_wetting_direction(self):
+  h=setup(substrate=True);call(h,'dipper.move',position_m=.119,speed_m_s=.0018);h.step(66.2);self.assertEqual(h.deposited_mol,0)
+  call(h,'dipper.move',position_m=.063,speed_m_s=.0018);h.step(31.2);self.assertGreater(h.deposited_mol,0);first=h.deposited_mol;call(h,'dipper.move',position_m=.119,speed_m_s=.0018);h.step(31.2);call(h,'dipper.move',position_m=.063,speed_m_s=.0018);h.step(31.2);self.assertEqual(h.deposited_mol,first);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_12_leakage_stiff_finite_domain_failure_preserved(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'leak_rate_s':.001});before=h.surface_mol;h.step(10);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.surface_mol,before*math.exp(-.01),places=18);self.assertGreater(h.leaked_mol,0);self.ledger(h)
+  h=setup(plant={'leak_rate_s':100.});self.assertGreater(h.leaked_mol,0);self.assertGreaterEqual(h.surface_mol,0);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','EOS_AREA_RANGE');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_13_true_geometry_speeds_positions_and_no_teleport(self):
+  h=setup(substrate=True);start=h.read();call(h,'barrier.move',area_m2=.020,speed_m_s=.0045);self.assertEqual(h.area,rt.AREA_MAX);h.step(.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['barrier.inward_m'],.00045);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.area,rt.AREA_MAX-.0000675)
+  h.step(20.);call(h,'dipper.move',position_m=.119,speed_m_s=.0018);self.assertEqual(h.dipper,0);h.step(.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.dipper,.00018);self.assertEqual(start['clock.time_s'],4.);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_14_hardware_extremes_and_negative_gamma_atomic(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for k,a in [('barrier.move',{'area_m2':rt.AREA_MIN-1e-9,'speed_m_s':.0045}),('barrier.move',{'area_m2':.02,'speed_m_s':.0045001}),('dipper.move',{'position_m':.125001,'speed_m_s':.0018}),('pressure.control',{'enabled':True,'target_n_m':.3,'speed_m_s':.0045})]:self.rejected(h,k,**a)
+  self.rejected(h,'plant.configure','INITIALIZATION_ONLY',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_15_host_time_partition_and_two_instances(self):
+  a=setup(name='same');b=setup(name='same');a.invoke('acquisition.start');b.invoke('acquisition.start');a.step(5.)
+  for _ in range(50):b.step(.1)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);before=copy.deepcopy(b.__dict__);a.step(1.);self.assertEqual(before,b.__dict__);before=copy.deepcopy(a.__dict__);a.step(0.);self.assertEqual(before,a.__dict__)
+ def test_16_queries_are_pure_no_owner_stealing(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start')['operation_id'];before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);h.read();h.describe();s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);h.invoke('ledger.read');h.invoke('acquisition.result');call(h,'reference.query',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']);self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__);q=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='query');self.assertIsNone(q['operation_id']);self.assertEqual(h._owners[op],'agent')
+ def test_17_truth_permissions_and_no_load_recovery_leak(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();meta=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in meta['state_slots']))
+  for k,a in [('solution.load',rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),('solution.remove',{}),('substrate.remove',{}),('subphase.remove',{}),('film.clean',{}),('ledger.read',{}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':1.})]:
+   before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments=a,request_id=k);self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__)
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.deposited_mol'])
+ def test_18_owner_result_poll_cancel_and_idempotency(self):
+  h=setup();h.register_principal('other');s=h.session();other=h.session('other');args=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start');r=s.invoke(**args);self.assertEqual(r,s.invoke(**args));op=r['operation_id']
+  for k in ['acquisition.result','acquisition.stop']:self.assertEqual(other.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments={},request_id=k)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):other.poll(op)
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):other.cancel(op,'bad')
+  self.assertEqual(s.cancel(op,'stop')['status'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(s.poll(op)['status'],'cancelled')
+  self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='power.set',arguments={'enabled':False},request_id='start')['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+ def test_19_frozen_result_after_method_and_source_changes(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start')['operation_id'];finish(h);saved=s.poll(op);cleanup(h);call(h,'subphase.load',**rt.SUBPHASE_EXAMPLE);self.assertEqual(saved,s.poll(op));self.assertEqual(saved['result'],h.invoke('acquisition.result'));saved['result']['rows'][0]['area_m2']=999;self.assertNotEqual(saved,s.poll(op))
+ def test_20_conditions_and_runtime_reference_only_guards(self):
+  h=setup();cleanup(h);call(h,'subphase.load',**dict(rt.SUBPHASE_EXAMPLE,ph=5.));self.rejected(h,'solution.load','REFERENCE_CONDITIONS',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_condition_transfer=False));lib=rt.library();ref=next(k for k,v in lib['substances'].items() if not v.get('runtime_usable'));self.rejected(h,'solution.load','INVALID_REFERENCE',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id=ref))
+  lib=copy.deepcopy(lib);lib['substances'][rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']]['conditions']['temperature_k']=None
+  with mock.patch.object(rt,'library',return_value=lib):self.rejected(h,'solution.load','UNKNOWN_REFERENCE_CONDITIONS',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_unknown_conditions=False))
+ def test_21_small_stock_excess_rejected_without_tolerance(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'film.spread','INSUFFICIENT_SOLUTION',volume_m3=h.stock_volume+1e-20);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_22_calibration_probe_and_clean_tare_guard(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'balance.calibrate',force_gain_correction=1.2,force_zero_n=1e-5,assumed_contact_cosine=.8);self.assertFalse(h.tared);self.assertIsNone(h._observed());call(h,'probe.move',distance_m=.04);self.assertIsNone(h._observed());self.rejected(h,'balance.tare','CLEAN_BASELINE_REQUIRED');call(h,'film.clean');call(h,'probe.move',distance_m=0.);call(h,'balance.tare');self.assertEqual(h._observed(),0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_23_expansion_requires_explicit_branch_reuse(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'accept_quasistatic_branch_reuse':False});compress(h);self.rejected(h,'barrier.move','BRANCH_REUSE_NOT_ACCEPTED',area_m2=.02,speed_m_s=.0045);m=dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,mode='expansion',target_area_m2=.02);call(h,'method.configure',**m);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','BRANCH_REUSE_NOT_ACCEPTED')
+ def test_24_external_modulus_input_and_apparent_label(self):
+  h=setup();a=dict(area_m2=[.01,.02,.03],surface_pressure_n_m=[.03,.02,.01],constant_molecule_number=True);r=call(h,'analysis.isotherm',**a);self.assertTrue(np.allclose(r['modulus_n_m'],[.01,.02,.03]));a['constant_molecule_number']=False;self.assertIn('apparent',call(h,'analysis.isotherm',**a)['interpretation']);a['area_m2']=[.01,.01,.03];self.rejected(h,'analysis.isotherm','INVALID_ARRAYS',**a)
+ def test_25_invalid_input_time_rejection_atomic(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for value in [True,float('nan'),float('inf'),-1.]:
+   self.rejected(h,'sim.step',dt_s=value);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):h.step(value)
+   self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__)
+  call(h,'acquisition.start');self.rejected(h,'method.configure','BUSY',**rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE);self.rejected(h,'power.set','BUSY',enabled=False)
+ def test_26_timeout_preserves_partial_and_no_overrun(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'method.configure',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,duration_s=.5));call(h,'acquisition.start');r=finish(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'METHOD_TIMEOUT');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],.5);self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['time_s'],h.time_s);self.assertLess(h.area,rt.AREA_MAX);self.assertGreater(h.area,.016);saved=copy.deepcopy(r);h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(h.invoke('acquisition.result'),saved);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_27_pressure_control_is_observed_and_stops(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'pressure.control',enabled=True,target_n_m=.02,speed_m_s=.0045);self.assertEqual(h.area,rt.AREA_MAX);h.step(60.);self.assertLess(abs(h._observed()-.02),.0005);call(h,'pressure.control',enabled=False,target_n_m=.02,speed_m_s=.0045);a=h.area;h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(h.area,a);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_28_geometry_access_and_hot_state_guards(self):
+  h=setup(substrate=True);self.rejected(h,'substrate.remove','SUBSTRATE_ACCESS');call(h,'dipper.move',position_m=.01,speed_m_s=.0018);self.rejected(h,'clamp.set','MOTION_ACTIVE',locked=False);h.step(6.);self.rejected(h,'clamp.set','SUBSTRATE_ACCESS',locked=False);self.rejected(h,'subphase.remove','SUBPHASE_ACCESS')
+  hot=rt.BiolinMediumlRuntime();call(hot,'plant.configure',**dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,temperature_k=323.15));self.rejected(hot,'subphase.load','HOT_SUBPHASE',**rt.SUBPHASE_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_29_complete_cleanup_solute_solvent_subphase_recovered(self):
+  h=deposition_ready();call(h,'acquisition.start');finish(h);cleanup(h);r=self.ledger(h);self.assertEqual(r['solute_present_kg'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['solute_loaded_mol'],r['solute_recovered_mol'],places=18);self.assertEqual(r['subphase_present_kg'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['subphase_loaded_kg'],r['subphase_recovered_kg']);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['solvent_loaded_m3'],r['solvent_recovered_m3']+r['solvent_evaporated_m3'],places=18)
+ def test_30_LCD_blank_and_real_units(self):
+  h=setup();d=h.read();self.assertEqual(d['panel.area_text'],'273.0');self.assertEqual(d['panel.pressure_text'],f'{d["pressure.indicated_n_m"]*1000:.1f}');call(h,'power.set',enabled=False);self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.area_text'],'');self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.pressure_text'],'')
+ def test_31_unsupported_and_actual_methods_schemas(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:self.rejected(h,k,'UNSUPPORTED')
+  meta=h.describe();self.assertEqual(meta['capabilities']['film.collapse_prediction']['availability'],'unsupported');self.assertEqual(rt.PLANT['properties']['controller_gain_m3_n_s']['x-unit'],'m^3/(N*s)')
+ def test_32_wet_probe_includes_liquid_rise(self):
+  h=setup(preimmerse=True);h.probe_lift=h.plant['plate_immersion_m']+h._liquid_rise()/2
+  self.assertIsNotNone(h._observed());h.probe_lift=h.plant['plate_immersion_m']+h._liquid_rise();self.assertIsNone(h._observed())
+ def test_33_balance_physical_load_limit_atomic(self):
+  h=rt.BiolinMediumlRuntime();call(h,'plant.configure',**dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,plate_mass_kg=.001));self.rejected(h,'subphase.load','BALANCE_OVERLOAD',**rt.SUBPHASE_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_34_actual_effects_cover_changed_states(self):
+  meta=rt.export_biolin_mediuml_contract_metadata();original=rt.BiolinMediumlRuntime.invoke
+  def audited(h,k,**a):
+   before=h.read();r=original(h,k,**a);after=h.read();changed={x for x in before if before[x]!=after[x]};declared={e['state_id'] for e in meta['capabilities'][k]['state_effects'] if e['timing']=='immediate'};self.assertFalse(changed-declared,(k,changed-declared));return r
+  with mock.patch.object(rt.BiolinMediumlRuntime,'invoke',audited):
+   h=setup(substrate=True);call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=.1);compress(h);call(h,'balance.calibrate',**rt.CAPS['balance.calibrate']['example_arguments']);cleanup(h)
+ def test_35_agent_result_does_not_serialize_private_parameters(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'plate_contact_cosine':.73456789,'force_gain':1.23456789});r=compress(h);text=json.dumps(r)
+  for forbidden in ['concentration_mol_m3','force_gain','plate_contact_cosine','leak_rate_s','transfer_efficiency',str(.73456789),str(1.23456789)]:self.assertNotIn(forbidden,text)
+  self.assertNotIn('truth.',json.dumps(h.session().read(instance_id=h.instance_id)))
+ def test_36_sampling_aligned_to_start_and_terminal_derivative(self):
+  h=setup();h.step(.1);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,sample_interval_s=.3));call(h,'acquisition.start');r=finish(h);times=[p['time_s'] for p in r['rows']];self.assertTrue(np.allclose(np.diff(times)[:-1],.3,atol=1e-12));self.assertIsNotNone(r['rows'][-1]['apparent_modulus_n_m'])
+ def test_37_actual_api_and_state_schemas(self):
+  spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('mediuml_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(tool);meta=rt.export_biolin_mediuml_contract_metadata();h=setup();call(h,'acquisition.start');call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=.7);call(h,'acquisition.stop');call(h,'acquisition.result');self.ledger(h)
+  for k,c in rt.CAPS.items():
+   if k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:continue
+   cases=[v for v in OBSERVED if v[0]==k];self.assertTrue(cases,k)
+   for _,a,r in cases:self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(a,meta['capabilities'][k]['input_schema']),[],k);self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(r,meta['capabilities'][k]['output_schema']),[],k)
+  for state in [rt.BiolinMediumlRuntime().read(),h.read(),deposition_ready().read()]:
+   self.assertEqual(set(state),set(meta['state_slots']))
+   for k,v in state.items():self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(v,meta['state_slots'][k]['value_schema']),[],k)
+
+ def test_38_partial_layers_are_normalized_by_whole_substrate(self):
+  h=deposition_ready();call(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(3.);call(h,'acquisition.stop');r=call(h,'acquisition.result');s=r['strokes'][0];full=rt.SUBSTRATE_EXAMPLE['width_m']*rt.SUBSTRATE_EXAMPLE['height_m']*rt.SUBSTRATE_EXAMPLE['faces'];self.assertAlmostEqual(r['equivalent_layers_from_area'],s['transfer_ratio']*s['swept_area_m2']/full);self.assertGreater(r['equivalent_layers_from_area'],0);self.assertLess(r['equivalent_layers_from_area'],.2);self.assertEqual(r['completed_strokes'],0)
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_biorad_cfxopus.py b/tests/test_asset_biorad_cfxopus.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94890c1040baaf6347ea13ebf9c636522931dc6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_biorad_cfxopus.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1044 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-167 biorad_cfxopus: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_biorad_cfxopus.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): commands only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, agent/evaluator isolation,
+plate / run ownership, request idempotency, asynchronous run with cancel / poll, host-step independence (fixed 0.1 s grid), declared immediate and
+on_step effects over scenario states, conservation ledgers, real return values validated against the declared schemas (asset_tool validate_value);
+plus the instrument physics against the manufacturer data: block ramp (max 5 / average 3.3 C/s), accuracy (+-0.2 C at 90 C) and uniformity
+(+-0.3 C), gradient across the rows, heated lid before the first step, calculated vs block control mode, protocol rules (Table 10), the brochure
+probe example (IL-1b 1e5 copies, 10 ul, FAM, Cq 19.81 +- 0.10), SYBR standard curve and NTC, 5-plex unmixing, melt peaks at the amplicon Tm,
+inhibition, denaturation / annealing / extension / hot-start limits, evaporation without seal, primer dimers, scan modes and faults.
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import biorad_cfxopus as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+INST = 'cfx_opus_01'
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_biorad_cfxopus_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.BioradCfxOpusRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects; every rejection code is recorded."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.BioradCfxOpusRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+
+def check(cid, **detail):
+    CHECKS.append(dict(check=cid, status='passed', **detail))
+
+
+def powered(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.BioradCfxOpusRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    return h
+
+
+def open_lid(h):
+    h.invoke('lid.open')
+    h.step(rt.LID_TIME_S + 0.2)
+
+
+def close_lid(h):
+    h.invoke('lid.close')
+    h.step(rt.LID_TIME_S + 0.2)
+
+
+def W(well, assays, chem='sybr', sample=None, dil=1.0, tv=2e-9, vol=2e-8, stype='unknown', rep=None, q=None, group=None):
+    d = dict(well=well, sample_type=stype, reaction_volume_m3=vol, assays=list(assays), chemistry=chem)
+    if sample is not None:
+        d.update(sample_id=sample, dilution=dil, template_volume_m3=tv)
+    if rep is not None:
+        d['reporters'] = list(rep)
+    if q is not None:
+        d['quantity_copies'] = q
+    if group is not None:
+        d['biological_group'] = group
+    return d
+
+
+def protocol(h, anneal=333.15, cycles=40, melt=True, vol=2e-8, denat=368.15, activation=180.0, ext_s=30.0, read=True, extra=None):
+    steps = [] if not activation else [dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=activation)]
+    g = len(steps) + 1
+    steps += [dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=denat, hold_s=10.0), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=anneal, hold_s=ext_s, plate_read=read),
+              dict(kind='goto', goto_step=g, cycles=cycles - 1)]
+    if melt:
+        steps.append(dict(kind='melt', start_k=338.15, end_k=368.15, melt_increment_k=0.5, hold_s=5.0))
+    if extra:
+        steps = extra
+    return h.invoke('protocol.set', name='test', sample_volume_m3=vol, lid_temperature_k=378.15, steps=steps)
+
+
+def run_plate(h, wells, scan='all_channels', plate_type='white_lowprofile_96', seal='optical_film', pid='p1', **pkw):
+    open_lid(h)
+    h.invoke('plate.prepare', plate_id=pid, plate_type=plate_type, seal=seal, wells=wells)
+    h.invoke('plate.load', plate_id=pid)
+    close_lid(h)
+    protocol(h, **pkw)
+    h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode=scan)
+    while h.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running'):
+        h.step(60.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def cq_of(h, **kw):
+    return {(x['well'], x['fluorophore']): x['cq'] for x in h.invoke('analysis.cq', **kw)['results']}
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- contract, libraries
+class ContractAndLibraries(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity_and_export(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        self.assertEqual(m['asset_type_id'], 'instrument.biorad_cfxopus')
+        self.assertEqual(set(m['capabilities']), set(rt.CAPS))
+        self.assertEqual(set(m['state_slots']), set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertTrue(c['errors'], k)
+        check('export')
+
+    def test_template_libraries(self):
+        fl, asy = rt.fluorophores(), rt.assays()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(fl), 50)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(asy), 50)
+        for v in fl.values():
+            self.assertTrue(v['source'].startswith('FPbase'))
+        for v in asy.values():
+            amp, f, r = v['amplicon_sequence'], v['forward_primer']['sequence'], v['reverse_primer']['sequence']
+            self.assertTrue(amp.startswith(f) and amp.endswith(r[::-1].translate(str.maketrans('ACGT', 'TGCA'))))
+            self.assertEqual(len(amp), v['amplicon_length_bp'])
+            self.assertTrue(345.0 < v['melt_tm_k'] < 375.0)
+        ch = rt.optics()['channels']
+        self.assertEqual([ch['1']['ex'], ch['1']['em'], ch['5']['ex'], ch['5']['em']], [[450, 490], [515, 530], [672, 684], [705, 730]])
+        self.assertEqual(fl['fam']['best_channel'], '1')
+        self.assertEqual(fl['hex']['best_channel'], '2')
+        self.assertEqual(fl['texas_red']['best_channel'], '3')
+        self.assertEqual(fl['cy5']['best_channel'], '4')
+        self.assertEqual(fl['quasar_705']['best_channel'], '5')
+        check('libraries', fluorophores=len(fl), assays=len(asy))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- thermal
+class Thermal(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_ramp_accuracy_uniformity(self):
+        h = powered()
+        open_lid(h)
+        h.invoke('plate.prepare', plate_id='e', plate_type='white_lowprofile_96', seal='optical_film', wells=[W(w, []) for w in rt.WELLS])
+        h.invoke('plate.load', plate_id='e')
+        close_lid(h)
+        protocol(h, extra=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=333.15, hold_s=20.0), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=20.0),
+                           dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=363.15, hold_s=30.0)], vol=0.0)
+        h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+        while h.run['state'] == 'lid_heating':
+            h.step(0.1)
+        while not (h.run['k'] == 1 and h.run['phase'] == 'ramp'):
+            h.step(0.1)
+        t0, T0 = h.t, float(np.mean(h.T_row))
+        rates = []
+        while h.run['k'] == 1 and h.run['phase'] == 'ramp':
+            a = float(np.mean(h.T_row))
+            h.step(0.1)
+            rates.append((float(np.mean(h.T_row)) - a) / 0.1)
+        avg = (368.15 - T0) / (h.t - t0)
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(rates), 5.0 + 1e-9)
+        self.assertTrue(3.0 <= avg <= 3.7, avg)                                 # documented average 3.3 C/s
+        while not (h.run['k'] == 2 and h.run['phase'] == 'hold'):
+            h.step(0.1)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        wells = h.Ts.copy()
+        self.assertLess(abs(float(np.mean(wells)) - 363.15), 0.2)              # accuracy +-0.2 C at 90 C
+        self.assertLessEqual(float(wells.max() - wells.min()), 0.6)             # uniformity +-0.3 C (max - min <= 0.6 C)
+        check('thermal', average_ramp=avg, spread=float(wells.max() - wells.min()))
+
+    def test_gradient_lid_and_control_modes(self):
+        h = powered()
+        open_lid(h)
+        close_lid(h)
+        protocol(h, extra=[dict(kind='gradient', lower_k=328.15, upper_k=341.15, hold_s=60.0)], vol=0.0)
+        h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['run.state'], 'lid_heating')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['run.state'], 'lid_heating')
+        while h.run['state'] == 'lid_heating':
+            h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.lid_T, 378.15 - 1.0)                               # the lid heats before the first step
+        h.step(50.0)
+        rows = h.T_row.copy()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(rows[0]), 341.15, delta=0.15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(rows[-1]), 328.15, delta=0.15)
+        self.assertTrue(np.all(np.diff(rows) < 0))
+        times = {}
+        for vol in (0.0, 5e-8):
+            k = powered()
+            open_lid(k)
+            close_lid(k)
+            protocol(k, extra=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=5.0)], vol=vol)
+            k.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+            while k.run['state'] == 'lid_heating':
+                k.step(0.5)
+            t0 = k.t
+            while k.run['state'] == 'running':
+                k.step(0.1)
+            times[vol] = k.t - t0
+        self.assertGreater(times[5e-8], times[0.0] + 2.0)                       # calculated mode waits for the 50 ul sample
+        check('gradient_lid_modes', rows=rows.tolist(), times=times)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- protocol rules
+class ProtocolRules(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_validation_and_increment(self):
+        h = powered()
+        bad = [([dict(kind='gradient', lower_k=328.15, upper_k=358.15, hold_s=30.0)], 'INVALID_GRADIENT'),
+               ([dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=10.0), dict(kind='goto', goto_step=3, cycles=5)], 'INVALID_GOTO'),
+               ([dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=333.15, hold_s=5.0)], 'INVALID_STEP'),
+               ([dict(kind='melt', start_k=360.0, end_k=350.0, melt_increment_k=0.5)], 'INVALID_MELT'),
+               ([dict(kind='gradient', lower_k=328.15, upper_k=338.15, hold_s=30.0, increment_k=1.0)], 'INVALID_STEP')]
+        for steps, code in bad:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke('protocol.set', name='x', sample_volume_m3=2e-8, lid_temperature_k=378.15, steps=steps)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), code)
+        open_lid(h)
+        close_lid(h)
+        h.invoke('protocol.set', name='td', sample_volume_m3=0.0, lid_temperature_k=378.15, steps=[
+            dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=5.0), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=343.15, hold_s=5.0, increment_k=-1.0, extend_s=2.0,
+                                                                              plate_read=True), dict(kind='goto', goto_step=1, cycles=4)])
+        h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+        targets, holds = [], []
+        while h.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running'):
+            prev = (h.run['k'], h.run['phase'])
+            h.step(0.1)
+            if h.run['state'] == 'running' and prev != (h.run['k'], h.run['phase']) and h.run['k'] == 1 and h.run['phase'] == 'hold':
+                targets.append(float(h.run['target'][0]))
+                holds.append(h.run['hold_left'])
+        self.assertEqual([round(x, 2) for x in targets], [343.15, 342.15, 341.15, 340.15, 339.15])   # touchdown
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.run['reads']), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['run.state'], 'completed')
+        check('protocol_rules', targets=targets)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- chemistry
+class Chemistry(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_sybr_standard_curve_ntc_and_melt(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='std', kind='standard', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 5e14}, declared_copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 5e14})
+        wells = []
+        for k, dil in enumerate([1, 1e-1, 1e-2, 1e-3, 1e-4, 1e-5]):
+            for rep in range(3):
+                wells.append(W('ABCDEF'[k] + str(rep + 1), ['hs_gapdh'], sample='std', dil=dil, stype='standard', q=5e14 * dil * 2e-9))
+        wells += [W(f'G{r + 1}', ['hs_gapdh'], stype='ntc') for r in range(3)]
+        run_plate(h, wells, scan='sybr_fam')
+        sc = h.invoke('analysis.standard_curve')['curves'][0]
+        self.assertTrue(-3.8 < sc['slope'] < -3.1 and sc['r2'] > 0.99 and 0.85 < sc['efficiency'] < 1.05, sc)
+        cq = cq_of(h)
+        self.assertTrue(12.0 < cq[('A1', 'sybr_green')] < 17.0)
+        for r in range(3):
+            self.assertTrue(cq[(f'G{r + 1}', 'sybr_green')] is None or cq[(f'G{r + 1}', 'sybr_green')] > 34.0)
+        peaks = {p['well']: p['peaks_k'] for p in h.invoke('analysis.melt_peaks')['peaks']}
+        tm = rt.assays()['hs_gapdh']['melt_tm_k'] + rt.CHEM['melt_tm_offset_k']           # effective amplicon Tm in the reaction
+        self.assertEqual(len(peaks['A1']), 1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(peaks['A1'][0], tm, delta=1.0)
+        ex = h.invoke('data.export', kind='cq_csv')
+        self.assertEqual(ex['rows'], 21)
+        amp = h.invoke('data.amplification', wells=['A1', 'G1'])['curves']
+        self.assertEqual([c['well'] for c in amp], ['A1', 'G1'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(amp[0]['rfu']), 40)
+        self.assertGreater(amp[0]['baseline_subtracted'][-1], 1000.0)                # plateau of a 1e6-copy well
+        mc = h.invoke('data.melt', wells=['A1'])['curves'][0]
+        self.assertEqual(len(mc['temperature_k']), 61)
+        self.assertGreater(mc['rfu'][0], mc['rfu'][-1])                              # dsDNA melts: SYBR signal falls
+        open_lid(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('plate.remove')['plate_id'], 'p1')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['plate.loaded'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['plates.on_bench'], ['p1'])
+        check('sybr_standard_curve', slope=sc['slope'], efficiency=sc['efficiency'], r2=sc['r2'], melt_peak=peaks['A1'][0])
+
+    def test_gene_expression_delta_delta_cq(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='ctrl', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 2.5e13, 'hs_il6': 2.5e11})
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='lps', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 2.5e13, 'hs_il6': 8.0e12})
+        wells = [W(f'{row}{k + 1}', [a], sample=s, group=s) for row, s in (('A', 'ctrl'), ('B', 'lps')) for k, a in enumerate(['hs_gapdh', 'hs_gapdh', 'hs_il6', 'hs_il6'])]
+        run_plate(h, wells, scan='sybr_fam', melt=False)
+        res = h.invoke('analysis.gene_expression', reference_targets=['hs_gapdh'], control_group='ctrl')['results']
+        il6 = {x['sample']: x for x in res if x['target'] == 'hs_il6'}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(il6['ctrl']['delta_delta_cq'], 0.0, places=9)
+        self.assertTrue(16.0 < il6['lps']['relative_quantity'] < 64.0, il6['lps'])      # 32-fold more IL-6 template
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke('analysis.gene_expression', reference_targets=['hs_gapdh'], control_group='nope')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'UNKNOWN_GROUP')
+        check('gene_expression', relative_quantity=il6['lps']['relative_quantity'])
+
+    def test_brochure_probe_example(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='il1b', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_il1b': 1e14})
+        wells = [W(w, ['hs_il1b'], chem='probe', sample='il1b', tv=1e-9, vol=1e-8, rep=['fam']) for w in rt.WELLS]
+        run_plate(h, wells, scan='sybr_fam', melt=False, vol=1e-8)
+        v = np.array([c for c in cq_of(h).values() if c is not None])
+        self.assertEqual(len(v), 96)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(v.mean()), 19.81, delta=0.3)              # Bulletin 7279 p.6: Cq 19.81 +- 0.10
+        self.assertLess(float(v.std(ddof=1)), 0.2)
+        check('probe_example', mean=float(v.mean()), sd=float(v.std(ddof=1)))
+
+    def test_five_plex_unmixing_crosstalk_and_competition(self):
+        dyes = [('hs_actb', 'fam'), ('hs_tbp', 'hex'), ('hs_gapdh', 'texas_red'), ('hs_b2m', 'cy5'), ('hs_hprt1', 'quasar_705')]
+
+        def single(a, d, n):
+            h = powered()
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='s', kind='template', copies_per_m3={a: n / 2e-9})
+            run_plate(h, [W('A1', [a], chem='probe', sample='s', rep=[d])], melt=False)
+            return cq_of(h)[('A1', d)]
+
+        def multi(pairs, copies):
+            h = powered()
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='mix', kind='template', copies_per_m3={a: n / 2e-9 for (a, d), n in zip(pairs, copies) if n > 0})
+            run_plate(h, [W('A1', [a for a, d in pairs], chem='probe', sample='mix', rep=[d for a, d in pairs])], melt=False)
+            return h, cq_of(h)
+        one = {d: single(a, d, 1e5) for a, d in dyes}
+        h, five = multi(dyes, [1e5] * 5)
+        for a, d in dyes:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(five[('A1', d)], one[d], delta=0.6)          # equal-abundance 5-plex: colour compensation recovers each dye
+        # crosstalk: the Texas Red target is absent; Cy5 bleeds into channel 3 (raw rise) but the unmixed Texas Red curve stays flat
+        h, three = multi([dyes[0], dyes[2], dyes[3]], [1e5, 0.0, 1e5])
+        self.assertIsNone(three[('A1', 'texas_red')])
+        raw3 = [rd['raw'][0][2] for rd in h.run['reads'] if rd['kind'] == 'amp']
+        self.assertGreater(raw3[-1] - float(np.mean(raw3[2:8])), 100.0)
+        # competition: an abundant target (1e6) saturates the shared polymerase before a rare one (1e3) reaches the threshold (primer limiting is the fix)
+        h, duo = multi([dyes[0], dyes[3]], [1e6, 1e3])
+        rare = single('hs_b2m', 'cy5', 1e3)
+        self.assertTrue(duo[('A1', 'cy5')] is None or duo[('A1', 'cy5')] > rare + 0.5)
+        check('five_plex', single=one, multi={d: five[('A1', d)] for a, d in dyes}, rare_single=rare, rare_with_abundant=duo[('A1', 'cy5')])
+
+    def test_inhibition_and_cycling_limits(self):
+        def cq(**kw):
+            h = powered()
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='s', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_hprt1': 5e13}, inhibitor=kw.pop('inh', 0.0))
+            run_plate(h, [W('A1', ['hs_hprt1'], sample='s')], scan='sybr_fam', melt=False, **kw)
+            return cq_of(h)[('A1', 'sybr_green')], h
+        base, _ = cq()
+        inh, _ = cq(inh=0.4)
+        self.assertGreater(inh, base + 1.0)
+        low_den, _ = cq(denat=rt.assays()['hs_hprt1']['melt_tm_k'] + rt.CHEM['melt_tm_offset_k'] - 6.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(low_den)                                              # the amplicon is never denatured
+        hot_anneal, _ = cq(anneal=rt.assays()['hs_hprt1']['primer_tm_k'] + 10.0)
+        self.assertTrue(hot_anneal is None or hot_anneal > base + 5.0)          # the primers do not anneal
+        no_act, _ = cq(activation=0)
+        self.assertGreater(no_act, base + 0.3)                                  # hot-start enzyme activated only during the first cycles
+        check('limits', base=base, inhibited=inh, no_activation=no_act)
+
+    def test_annealing_gradient_direction_and_primer_dimer(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='s', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 5e14})
+        upper = round(rt.assays()['hs_gapdh']['primer_tm_k'] + 2.0 - 273.15) + 273.15     # near the optimum (primer Tm + 2 K)
+        steps = [dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=180.0), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=10.0),
+                 dict(kind='gradient', lower_k=upper - 10.0, upper_k=upper, hold_s=30.0, plate_read=True), dict(kind='goto', goto_step=2, cycles=39)]
+        wells = []
+        for row in 'AH':
+            for k, dil in enumerate([1, 1e-1, 1e-2, 1e-3]):
+                for rep in range(3):
+                    wells.append(W(f'{row}{3 * k + rep + 1}', ['hs_gapdh'], sample='s', dil=dil, stype='standard', q=1e6 * dil))
+        run_plate(h, wells, scan='sybr_fam', extra=steps)
+        cq = cq_of(h)
+        eff = {}
+        for row in 'AH':
+            xs = np.repeat(np.log10([1e6, 1e5, 1e4, 1e3]), 3)
+            ys = np.array([cq[(f'{row}{c + 1}', 'sybr_green')] for c in range(12)])
+            s = np.polyfit(xs, ys, 1)[0]
+            eff[row] = 10 ** (-1 / s) - 1
+        self.assertGreater(eff['A'], eff['H'] + 0.02)                           # brochure GAPDH gradient: E 98.7 % at 62 C vs 93.6 % at 56 C
+        k = powered()
+        run_plate(k, [W(f'A{c + 1}', ['hs_gapdh'], stype='ntc') for c in range(3)], scan='sybr_fam', cycles=50)
+        pk = [p for p in k.invoke('analysis.melt_peaks')['peaks'] if p['peaks_k']]
+        self.assertTrue(pk)                                                     # late primer-dimer product in the NTC after 50 cycles
+        self.assertTrue(all(abs(x - rt.CHEM['pd_tm_k']) < 3.0 for p in pk for x in p['peaks_k']))
+        check('gradient_dimer', efficiency=eff, ntc_peaks=len(pk))
+
+    def test_evaporation_scan_modes_and_faults(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='s', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 5e13})
+        run_plate(h, [W('A1', ['hs_gapdh'], sample='s')], seal='none', scan='sybr_fam', melt=False)
+        v = h.invoke('well.inspect', well='A1')['truth']['volume_m3']
+        self.assertLess(v, 2e-8 * 0.995)                                        # unsealed: water lost while hot
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['water_evaporated_m3'], 2e-8 - v, delta=1e-15)
+        raw = h.run['reads'][0]['raw'][0]
+        self.assertIsNotNone(raw[0])
+        self.assertTrue(all(x is None for x in raw[1:]))                        # fast scan: channel 1 only
+        k = powered()
+        k.invoke('fault.inject', fault='led_failure_channel_1', active=True)
+        run_plate(k, [W('A1', ['hs_gapdh'])], scan='sybr_fam', cycles=3, melt=False)
+        self.assertIn('LED_FAILURE_CHANNEL_1', k.read()['errors.active'])
+        self.assertTrue(k.read()['lamp.status_red'])
+        self.assertFalse(k.read()['lamp.status_blue'] or k.read()['lamp.status_green'])   # one colour at a time: the error wins
+        k.invoke('fault.inject', fault='led_failure_channel_1', active=False)
+        self.assertFalse(k.read()['lamp.status_red'])
+        self.assertTrue(k.read()['lamp.status_blue'])                              # completed, lid not opened yet
+        m = powered()
+        open_lid(m)
+        m.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lid_obstructed', active=True)
+        m.invoke('lid.close')
+        m.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(m.read()['lid.state'], 'stopped')
+        self.assertIn('LID_OBSTRUCTED', m.read()['errors.active'])
+        p = powered()
+        open_lid(p)
+        close_lid(p)
+        protocol(p, cycles=5, melt=False)
+        p.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+        p.step(420.0)
+        reads0 = len(p.run['reads'])
+        p.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)                  # guide p.121: the run resumes when the power returns
+        self.assertEqual(p.read()['run.state'], 'power_failed')
+        self.assertEqual(p.read()['run.warnings'], ['POWER_FAILURE'])
+        self.assertFalse(any(p.read()[k] for k in ('lamp.status_green', 'lamp.status_blue', 'lamp.status_red')))
+        p.step(300.0)
+        p.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        self.assertEqual(p.read()['run.state'], 'lid_heating')
+        while p.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running'):
+            p.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(p.run['state'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(p.run['cycle'], 5)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(reads0, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(len(p.run['reads']), 5)                                   # no read lost or duplicated by the outage
+        self.assertEqual(p.invoke('runs.list')['runs'][0]['warnings'], ['POWER_FAILURE'])
+        check('evaporation_scan_faults')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- framework
+class Framework(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_describe_pure_and_clock(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        v0 = h.read('evaluator')
+        h.session('ag').describe(instance_id=INST)
+        h.session('ag').read(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(v0, sort_keys=True))
+        t = h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=2.25)['time_s']
+        self.assertEqual(t, h.t)
+        check('pure_reads')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independent(self):
+        def go(splits):
+            h = powered(seed=4)
+            open_lid(h)
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='s', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 5e13})
+            h.invoke('plate.prepare', plate_id='p', plate_type='white_lowprofile_96', seal='optical_film', wells=[W('A1', ['hs_gapdh'], sample='s'), W('B2', ['hs_gapdh'])])
+            h.invoke('plate.load', plate_id='p')
+            close_lid(h)
+            protocol(h, cycles=6)
+            h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='all_channels')
+            for dt in splits(900.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            mid = h.read('evaluator')
+            for dt in splits(1500.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            return h, mid
+        a, am = go(lambda T: [T])
+        b, bm = go(lambda T: [0.375] * int(T / 0.375))                       # 0.375 s host steps (exact in binary, off the 0.1 s grid)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(am, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(bm, sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(b.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.run['reads'], sort_keys=True), json.dumps(b.run['reads'], sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.ledger(), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(b.ledger(), sort_keys=True))
+        check('step_partition')
+
+    def test_conservation_ledgers(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='s', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 5e13, 'hs_actb': 5e12})
+        run_plate(h, [W('A1', ['hs_gapdh'], sample='s'), W('A2', ['hs_actb'], sample='s'), W('A3', ['hs_actb', 'hs_tbp'], chem='probe', sample='s', rep=['fam', 'hex'])],
+                  cycles=30, melt=False)
+        L = h.ledger()
+        made = sum(float(h.N[i, j] - h.plates['p1']['wells'][w]['copies'][a]) for w in ('A1', 'A2', 'A3') for i in [rt.WIDX[w]]
+                   for j, a in enumerate(h.plates['p1']['wells'][w]['assays']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['amplicon_copies_made'], made, delta=1e-6 * made)
+        primers = float((h.p0 - h.P)[h.active].sum())
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['primer_consumed_mol'] * rt.AVOGADRO / 2.0, primers, delta=1e-6 * primers)
+        self.assertGreater(L['electrical_energy_j'], L['lid_heater_energy_j'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('ledger.read')['ledger'], h.ledger())
+        check('ledgers')
+
+    def test_rejections_leave_state_unchanged(self):
+        h = powered()
+        v0 = json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str)
+        for cap, args in [('plate.load', dict(plate_id='none')), ('run.start', dict(scan_mode='all_channels')), ('run.pause', {}), ('run.resume', {}),
+                          ('plate.remove', {}), ('analysis.cq', {}), ('protocol.set', dict(name='x', sample_volume_m3=0.0, lid_temperature_k=378.15,
+                                                                                            steps=[dict(kind='goto', goto_step=1, cycles=2)]))]:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(cap, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str), v0)
+        check('rejections_pure')
+
+    def test_agent_isolation_ownership_idempotency_and_cancel(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('ag2', 'agent')
+        s, s2 = h.session('ag'), h.session('ag2')
+        obs = s.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='well.inspect', arguments=dict(well='A1'), request_id='x')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r1 = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='lid.open', arguments={}, request_id='o')
+        self.assertEqual(r1['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='lid.open', arguments={}, request_id='o'), r1)
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='lid.close', arguments={}, request_id='o')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        h.step(7.0)
+        s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='plate.prepare', arguments=dict(plate_id='mine', plate_type='white_lowprofile_96', seal='optical_film',
+                                                                                 wells=[W('A1', ['hs_gapdh'])]), request_id='p')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='plate.load', arguments=dict(plate_id='mine'), request_id='l')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='plate.load', arguments=dict(plate_id='mine'), request_id='l')
+        s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='lid.close', arguments={}, request_id='c')
+        h.step(7.0)
+        s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='protocol.set', arguments=rt.PROTOCOL_EXAMPLE, request_id='pr')
+        st = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='run.start', arguments=dict(scan_mode='sybr_fam'), request_id='r')
+        self.assertEqual(st['status'], 'accepted')
+        h.step(300.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='run.pause', arguments={}, request_id='z')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='analysis.cq', arguments={}, request_id='q')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(st['operation_id'])['status'], 'running')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s2.poll(st['operation_id'])
+        c = s.cancel(st['operation_id'], 'cx')
+        self.assertEqual(c['result']['phase'], 'cancelled')                         # protocol.md operation status
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(st['operation_id'])['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['run.state'], 'stopped')
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='user.login', arguments={}, request_id='u')['status'], 'unsupported')
+        check('isolation')
+
+    def test_switch_lamps_skip_and_screen(self):
+        h = powered()
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['power.enabled'])
+        h.invoke('power.press_switch')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['power.enabled'])
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['display.block_temperature_c'])
+        h.invoke('power.press_switch')
+        out = h.invoke('screen.tilt', angle_rad=40 * math.pi / 180)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['screen.tilt_rad'], 28 * math.pi / 180, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['tilt_from_reference_rad'], h.read()['screen.tilt_rad'], places=12)
+        open_lid(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['lid.state'], 'open')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['lid.position_m'], rt.LID_TRAVEL)
+        close_lid(h)
+        protocol(h, extra=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=5.0), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=277.15)])
+        h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+        while h.run['state'] == 'lid_heating':
+            h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['lamp.status_green'])
+        h.invoke('run.pause')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['status_bar.flashing'])
+        h.invoke('run.resume')
+        h.step(120.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['run.step'], 2)                               # infinite hold at 4 C
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['run.remaining_s'])
+        h.invoke('run.skip_step')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['run.state'], 'completed')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['lamp.status_blue'])
+        open_lid(h)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['lamp.status_blue'])                          # blue until the lid is opened
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.invoke('runs.list')['runs']), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.invoke('provenance.read')['libraries']), 3)
+        check('switch_lamps')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- review round 1 (findings F-01..F-16, C-09)
+class ReviewRound1(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_reporters_need_spectra_and_empty_wells_and_end_point_runs(self):
+        h = powered()
+        open_lid(h)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:                         # F-01: VIC has no FPbase spectra -> no channel response
+            h.invoke('plate.prepare', plate_id='v', plate_type='white_lowprofile_96', seal='optical_film', wells=[W('A1', ['hs_actb'], chem='probe', rep=['vic'])])
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'INVALID_REPORTERS')
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='s', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 5e13})
+        out = h.invoke('plate.prepare', plate_id='p', plate_type='white_lowprofile_96', seal='none',
+                       wells=[W('A1', []), W('A2', ['hs_gapdh'], sample='s'), W('A3', [], chem='probe')])
+        self.assertEqual(out['warnings'], ['unsealed_plate_evaporation'])
+        h.invoke('plate.load', plate_id='p')
+        close_lid(h)
+        h.invoke('protocol.set', name='endpoint', sample_volume_m3=2e-8, steps=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=30.0),
+                 dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=10.0), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=333.15, hold_s=30.0), dict(kind='goto', goto_step=2, cycles=9)])
+        h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='all_channels')
+        while h.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running'):
+            h.step(60.0)                                                          # F-16: wells without assays do not break the reads
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('analysis.cq')['results'], [])                 # F-15: no amplification read -> empty results, no exception
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('data.amplification')['curves'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('analysis.standard_curve')['curves'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('data.export', kind='cq_csv')['rows'], 0)
+        k = powered()
+        open_lid(k)
+        k.invoke('plate.prepare', plate_id='q', plate_type='white_lowprofile_96', seal='optical_film', wells=[W('A1', []), W('B1', ['hs_gapdh'])])
+        k.invoke('plate.load', plate_id='q')
+        close_lid(k)
+        protocol(k, cycles=3, melt=False)
+        k.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+        while k.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running'):
+            k.step(60.0)
+        amp = {c['well']: c for c in k.invoke('data.amplification')['curves']}
+        self.assertEqual(set(amp), {'A1', 'B1'})                                  # a SYBR well without primers still shows the dye background
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(amp['A1']['rfu'][0], amp['B1']['rfu'][0], delta=30.0)
+        check('robust_wells_and_reads')
+
+    def test_operation_statuses_lid_idle_and_progress(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('ag')
+        open_lid(h)
+        close_lid(h)
+        protocol(h, extra=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=5.0), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=277.15)])
+        op = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='run.start', arguments=dict(scan_mode='sybr_fam'), request_id='r')['operation_id']
+        h.step(400.0)
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertEqual((v['run.step'], v['run.remaining_s'], v['operation.progress']), (2, None, 1.0))   # F-11: waiting in the final infinite hold
+        self.assertEqual(v['setpoint.lid_k'], rt.LID_IDLE_K)                    # F-03: guide p.102, 31 C during an infinite hold below 30 C
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['sensor.lid_temperature_k'], rt.LID_IDLE_K, delta=0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(op)['status'], 'running')
+        h.invoke('run.skip_step')
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(op)['status'], 'succeeded')                     # F-02: protocol.md statuses
+        check('statuses_lid_idle_progress')
+
+    def test_estimates_follow_the_thermal_path(self):
+        for prot, scan in ((rt.PROTOCOL_EXAMPLE, 'sybr_fam'), (dict(name='g', sample_volume_m3=0.0, steps=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=120.0),
+                            dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=10.0), dict(kind='gradient', lower_k=328.15, upper_k=341.15, hold_s=30.0, plate_read=True),
+                            dict(kind='goto', goto_step=2)]), 'all_channels')):
+            h = powered()
+            open_lid(h)
+            close_lid(h)
+            est = h.invoke('protocol.set', **prot)['estimated_duration_s']
+            est = h._estimate(h.protocol, scan)
+            t0 = h.t
+            h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode=scan)
+            h.step(1500.0)
+            rem = h.read()['run.remaining_s']
+            while h.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running'):
+                h.step(30.0)
+            act = h.run['finished_s'] - t0
+            self.assertLess(abs(est - act) / act, 0.02, (est, act))                 # F-07: within 2 %
+            self.assertLess(abs(1500.0 + rem - act) / act, 0.02, (rem, act))
+        check('estimates')
+
+    def test_skip_in_a_goto_loop_and_protocol_editor(self):
+        h = powered()
+        open_lid(h)
+        close_lid(h)
+        p = h.invoke('protocol.set', name='defaults', sample_volume_m3=2e-8, steps=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=5.0),
+                     dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=333.149, hold_s=30.4, plate_read=True), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=345.15, hold_s=20.0),
+                     dict(kind='goto', goto_step=1), dict(kind='gradient', lower_k=328.17, upper_k=335.13, hold_s=10.0)])
+        st = h.protocol['steps']
+        self.assertEqual((h.protocol['lid_temperature_k'], st[3]['cycles'], st[1]['temperature_k'], st[1]['hold_s']), (rt.LID_DEFAULT_K, 39, 333.15, 30.0))
+        self.assertEqual((round(st[4]['lower_k'], 2), round(st[4]['upper_k'], 2)), (328.15, 335.15))   # F-10: 0.1 C rounding and the documented defaults
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:                          # Table 10: beep only on temperature steps
+            h.invoke('protocol.set', name='x', sample_volume_m3=0.0, steps=[dict(kind='gradient', lower_k=328.15, upper_k=335.15, hold_s=10.0, beep=True)])
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'INVALID_STEP')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke('protocol.set', name='x', sample_volume_m3=5e-10, steps=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=5.0)])
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'INVALID_SAMPLE_VOLUME')
+        h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+        while not (h.run['state'] == 'running' and h.run['k'] == 1):
+            h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('run.skip_step')                                                 # guide p.122: inside a GOTO loop -> next cycle
+        self.assertEqual((h.run['k'], h.run['loops']), (0, {3: 1}))
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.run['reads']), 0)
+        check('skip_loop_editor')
+
+    def test_primer_dimer_ntc_and_effective_melting(self):
+        h = powered()
+        dim = [a for a, v in rt.assays().items() if v['primer_dimer_score'] == 3][:3]
+        clean = [a for a, v in rt.assays().items() if v['primer_dimer_score'] == 1][:3]
+        run_plate(h, [W(f'A{c + 1}', [a], stype='ntc') for c, a in enumerate(dim + clean)], scan='sybr_fam')
+        cq = cq_of(h)
+        pk = {p['well']: p['peaks_k'] for p in h.invoke('analysis.melt_peaks')['peaks']}
+        late = [cq[(f'A{c + 1}', 'sybr_green')] for c in range(3)]               # F-12: dimer-prone primers give a late NTC signal at the dimer Tm
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(sum(1 for x in late if x is not None and 35.0 < x < 40.5), 2, late)
+        for c in range(3):
+            self.assertTrue(pk[f'A{c + 1}'] and abs(pk[f'A{c + 1}'][0] - rt.CHEM['pd_tm_k']) < 3.0)
+            self.assertIsNone(cq[(f'A{c + 4}', 'sybr_green')])
+        k = powered()
+        k.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='s', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_pou5f1': 5e13, 'hs_esr1': 5e13})
+        run_plate(k, [W('A1', ['hs_pou5f1'], sample='s'), W('A2', ['hs_esr1'], sample='s'), W('A3', ['hs_esr1'], sample='s')], scan='sybr_fam')
+        cq = cq_of(k)
+        self.assertTrue(all(cq[(w, 'sybr_green')] is not None and cq[(w, 'sybr_green')] < 25.0 for w in ('A1', 'A2', 'A3')))   # F-06: GC-rich amplicons denature at 95 C
+        check('dimers_melting')
+
+
+class ReviewRound2(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _run(self, h, prot, scan='sybr_fam'):
+        open_lid(h)
+        close_lid(h)
+        h.invoke('protocol.set', **prot)
+        h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode=scan)
+
+    def test_outages_resume_the_interrupted_step(self):
+        prot = dict(name='p14', sample_volume_m3=2e-8, steps=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=30.0), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=10.0),
+                    dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=333.15, hold_s=30.0, plate_read=True), dict(kind='goto', goto_step=2, cycles=13),
+                    dict(kind='melt', start_k=338.15, end_k=343.15, melt_increment_k=0.5, hold_s=5.0)])
+        h = powered()
+        self._run(h, prot)
+        while h.run['protocol']['steps'][h.run['k']]['kind'] != 'melt' if h.run['k'] < 5 else True:
+            h.step(10.0)
+        h.step(12.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        h.step(20.0)                                                              # still re-heating the lid ...
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['run.state'], 'lid_heating')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)                  # F2-01: ... when the second outage comes
+        h.step(60.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        while h.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running'):
+            h.step(30.0)
+        amp = [x for x in h.run['reads'] if x['kind'] == 'amp']
+        melt = [x for x in h.run['reads'] if x['kind'] == 'melt']
+        self.assertEqual((h.run['state'], len(amp), len(melt), h.run['warnings']), ('completed', 14, 11, ['POWER_FAILURE', 'POWER_FAILURE']))
+        k = powered()
+        self._run(k, prot)
+        k.step(500.0)
+        k.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        k.invoke('power.press_switch')                                           # F2-05: switched off during the outage -> the run ends
+        self.assertEqual(k.read('evaluator')['run.state'], 'stopped')
+        check('double_outage')
+
+    def test_drifted_sensor_and_large_panels_and_export_guard(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='block_sensor_drift', active=True)        # F2-02: calculated mode follows the (drifted) sensor - the run completes
+        self._run(h, dict(name='d', sample_volume_m3=2e-8, steps=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=10.0),
+                                                                    dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=333.15, hold_s=10.0), dict(kind='goto', goto_step=1, cycles=2)]))
+        while h.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running') and h.t < 3000.0:
+            h.step(30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.run['state'], 'completed')
+        k = powered()
+        open_lid(k)
+        targets = list(rt.assays())[:64]
+        k.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='s', kind='standard', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 1.0})
+        wells = [W(w, [a], stype='standard', sample='s', q=1.0) for w, a in zip(rt.WELLS, targets)]
+        k.invoke('plate.prepare', plate_id='panel', plate_type='white_lowprofile_96', seal='optical_film', wells=wells)
+        k.invoke('plate.load', plate_id='panel')
+        close_lid(k)
+        protocol(k, cycles=3, melt=False)
+        k.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+        while k.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running'):
+            k.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(k.invoke('analysis.standard_curve')['curves']), 64)  # F2-03: the schema allows one curve per target (validated by the wrapper)
+        m = powered()
+        m.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        m.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = m.session('a1'), m.session('a2')
+        open_lid(m)
+        close_lid(m)
+        s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='protocol.set', arguments=dict(name='t', sample_volume_m3=0.0, steps=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=333.15,
+                                                                                hold_s=5.0, plate_read=True)]), request_id='p1')
+        s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='run.start', arguments=dict(scan_mode='sybr_fam'), request_id='r1')
+        m.step(300.0)
+        s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='run.start', arguments=dict(scan_mode='sybr_fam'), request_id='r2')
+        m.step(5.0)
+        out = s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='data.export', arguments=dict(kind='cq_csv', run_id='R001'), request_id='x1')
+        self.assertEqual(out['status'], 'succeeded')                               # F2-06: exporting one's own finished run is not run control
+        check('drift_panels_export')
+
+    def test_touchdown_after_a_skip_keeps_the_cycle_index(self):
+        h = powered()
+        self._run(h, dict(name='td', sample_volume_m3=0.0, steps=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=5.0),
+                     dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=343.15, hold_s=5.0, increment_k=-1.0, plate_read=True), dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=345.15, hold_s=5.0),
+                     dict(kind='goto', goto_step=1, cycles=3)]))
+        seen = []
+        skipped = False
+        while h.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running'):
+            h.step(0.1)
+            if h.run['state'] == 'running' and h.run['k'] == 1 and h.run['phase'] == 'hold' and (not seen or seen[-1][1] != h.run['loops'].get(3, 0)):
+                seen.append((float(h.run['target'][0]), h.run['loops'].get(3, 0)))
+                if len(seen) == 2 and not skipped:
+                    h.invoke('run.skip_step')                                     # skip the rest of cycle 2
+                    skipped = True
+        self.assertEqual([round(t, 2) for t, _ in seen], [343.15, 342.15, 341.15, 340.15])   # F2-04: increments follow the GOTO pass number
+        check('touchdown_skip')
+
+
+class ReviewRound3(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_calculated_temperature_restarts_after_an_outage(self):
+        h = powered()
+        open_lid(h)
+        close_lid(h)
+        h.invoke('protocol.set', name='c', sample_volume_m3=2e-8, steps=[dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=10.0),
+                 dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=333.15, hold_s=60.0, plate_read=True), dict(kind='goto', goto_step=1, cycles=1)])
+        h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+        while not (h.run['state'] == 'running' and h.run['k'] == 1 and h.run['phase'] == 'hold'):
+            h.step(0.1)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        h.step(7200.0)                                                            # 2 h outage: the block cools to the room
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['display.block_temperature_c'], rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['room_k'] - 273.15, delta=0.3)   # F3-01: not frozen at 60 C
+        while not (h.run['state'] == 'running' and h.run['phase'] == 'hold'):
+            h.step(0.1)
+        self.assertLess(abs(float(np.mean(h.run['calc_T'])) - 333.15), 0.3)        # the resumed step waits for the modelled sample
+        self.assertLess(abs(float(np.mean(h.T_row)) - 333.15), 0.5)
+        while h.run['state'] in ('lid_heating', 'running'):
+            h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.run['state'], 'completed')
+        check('calc_restart')
+
+    def test_foreign_agents_cannot_switch_off_during_an_outage_and_other_editor_rules(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        open_lid(h)
+        close_lid(h)
+        s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='protocol.set', arguments=rt.PROTOCOL_EXAMPLE, request_id='p')
+        op = s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='run.start', arguments=dict(scan_mode='sybr_fam'), request_id='r')['operation_id']
+        h.step(300.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        for cap, args in (('power.set', dict(enabled=False)), ('power.press_switch', {})):       # F3-02: no switching OFF of another agent's run
+            self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x' + cap)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.poll(op)['status'], 'running')
+        for st in ([dict(kind='temperature', temperature_k=368.15, hold_s=5.0), dict(kind='goto', goto_step=1, cycles=2, beep=True)],
+                   [dict(kind='melt', start_k=338.15, end_k=348.15, melt_increment_k=0.5, beep=True)]):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:                      # F3-03: beep only on temperature steps
+                powered().invoke('protocol.set', name='b', sample_volume_m3=0.0, steps=st)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'INVALID_STEP')
+        k = powered()
+        k.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='s', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 5e13})
+        run_plate(k, [W('A1', ['hs_gapdh'], sample='s')], scan='sybr_fam', cycles=3)
+        open_lid(k)
+        k.step(1200.0)                                                            # F3-04: the film holds the water also with the lid open
+        self.assertEqual(k.invoke('well.inspect', well='A1')['truth']['volume_m3'], 2e-8)
+        check('foreign_switch_beep_seal')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects over scenarios
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        h = rt.BioradCfxOpusRuntime()
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        return h
+    if name == 'idle':
+        return powered()
+    if name == 'off':
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'lid_open':
+        h = powered()
+        open_lid(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='sb', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_gapdh': 5e13})
+        h.invoke('plate.prepare', plate_id='pb', plate_type='white_lowprofile_96', seal='optical_film', wells=[W('A1', ['hs_gapdh'], sample='sb'), W('A2', ['hs_gapdh'])])
+        return h
+    if name == 'loaded_open':
+        h = _scenario('lid_open')
+        h.invoke('plate.load', plate_id='pb')
+        return h
+    if name == 'ready':
+        h = _scenario('loaded_open')
+        close_lid(h)
+        protocol(h, cycles=4)
+        return h
+    if name == 'lid_heating':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('run.start', scan_mode='sybr_fam')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'running':
+        h = _scenario('lid_heating')
+        h.step(400.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'paused':
+        h = _scenario('running')
+        h.invoke('run.pause')
+        return h
+    if name == 'melting':
+        h = _scenario('running')
+        while h.run['state'] == 'running' and h.run['protocol']['steps'][h.run['k']]['kind'] != 'melt':
+            h.step(10.0)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'completed':
+        h = _scenario('melting')
+        while h.run['state'] == 'running':
+            h.step(30.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'obstructed':
+        h = _scenario('lid_open')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lid_obstructed', active=True)
+        h.invoke('lid.close')
+        h.step(8.0)
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'idle', 'off', 'lid_open', 'loaded_open', 'ready', 'lid_heating', 'running', 'paused', 'melting', 'completed', 'obstructed']
+STEP_DTS = (0.5, 5.0, 60.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, room_k=300.15)],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_switch': [{}], 'lid.open': [{}], 'lid.close': [{}],
+        'screen.tilt': [dict(angle_rad=0.6)], 'sample.provide': [dict(sample_id='sx', kind='template', copies_per_m3={'hs_actb': 1e12})],
+        'plate.prepare': [dict(plate_id='px', plate_type='clear_lowprofile_96', seal='heat_seal', wells=[W('H12', ['hs_actb'])])],
+        'plate.load': [dict(plate_id='pb')], 'plate.remove': [{}], 'protocol.set': [rt.PROTOCOL_EXAMPLE],
+        'run.start': [dict(scan_mode='all_channels')], 'run.pause': [{}], 'run.resume': [{}], 'run.skip_step': [{}],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault='lid_obstructed', active=True), dict(fault='power_loss', active=True), dict(fault='led_failure_channel_1', active=True),
+                         dict(fault='fan_failure', active=True), dict(fault='block_sensor_drift', active=True), dict(fault='lid_obstructed', active=False)],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=1.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS[cap]['example_arguments'])])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 128:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] not in ('query',)
+
+
+class ZDeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        check('declared_effects_scenarios')
+
+    def test_every_device_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'}) for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_biorad_miniprotean.py b/tests/test_asset_biorad_miniprotean.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..175e1422fdf6df653b5e1cf329e36c313f1b712c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_biorad_miniprotean.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1174 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-164 biorad_miniprotean: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_biorad_miniprotean.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances are
+isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (charge, electrical energy -> heat, buffer volume, protein mass), real return values validated
+against the declared schemas (asset_tool validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation, host-step independence, declared immediate and
+on_step effects over scenario states; plus the electrophoresis physics against the manufacturer data: TGX SDS-PAGE start / final current per gel, run
+time and buffer temperature at 100 / 200 / 300 V (bulletin 1658100 Tables 3.1-3.2), 200 V hand-cast Tris-HCl runs of 35-45 min (Tetra manual),
+Precision Plus bands at the chart positions (TGX gels), 700 / 1000 mL buffer for 2 / 4 gels; PowerPac regulation (CV, CC crossover, 75 W limit), timer,
+keys, display accuracy, error codes E1 / E2 / E7 / E9 / E5; cell circuit rules (lid interlock, leads, tape, buffer dam, companion module overheating),
+reducing vs non-reducing samples, run-off, reversed polarity, overload broadening, smile, native PAGE of basic proteins, well overflow, dye-front
+observation and prestained markers.
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import biorad_miniprotean as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+INST = 'electrophoresis_01'
+SDS = 'tris_glycine_sds_1x'
+TGX = 'tgx_4_20_10w_30ul'
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_biorad_miniprotean_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.BioradMiniproteanRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.BioradMiniproteanRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+
+def check(cid, **detail):
+    CHECKS.append(dict(check=cid, status='passed', **detail))
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.BioradMiniproteanRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    return h
+
+
+def assembled(gel=TGX, n=2, buffer=SDS, outer=None, inner=None, samples=True, tape=False, dam=False, seed=1, temperature_k=295.15, **plant):
+    """Cell with n gels (positions 1..n; companion module for n > 2), buffer, marker in lane 1 and a test sample in lane 2 of gel 1, lid on,
+    leads connected, supply on and programmed 200 V / 400 mA untimed."""
+    h = configured(seed, **plant)
+    h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+    h.invoke('lid.remove')
+    if n > 2:
+        h.invoke('companion.install')
+    for i in range(n):
+        gid = f'g{i + 1}'
+        h.invoke('gel.provide', gel_id=gid, gel_type=gel)
+        h.invoke('gel.prepare', gel_id=gid, remove_comb=True, remove_tape=not tape, rinse_wells=True)
+        h.invoke('gel.install', item=gid, position=i + 1)
+    if dam:
+        h.invoke('gel.install', item='buffer_dam', position=n + 1)
+    mods = 2 if n > 2 else 1
+    h.invoke('buffer.fill', chamber='inner', buffer_id=buffer, volume_m3=inner or 150e-6 * mods, temperature_k=temperature_k)
+    h.invoke('buffer.fill', chamber='outer', buffer_id=buffer, volume_m3=outer or (680e-6 if n > 2 else 550e-6), temperature_k=temperature_k)
+    if samples:
+        h.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id='marker', proteins_kg={}, marker='precision_plus_unstained', marker_volume_m3=10e-9, sample_buffer='laemmli_2x_reducing',
+                 heat='95C_5min', volume_m3=20e-9)
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='marker', position=1, lane=1, volume_m3=10e-9)
+        h.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id='s', proteins_kg=dict(bsa=2e-09, insulin_bovine=2e-09, lysozyme_hen=1e-09), marker=None, marker_volume_m3=0.0,
+                 sample_buffer='laemmli_2x_reducing', heat='95C_5min', volume_m3=20e-9)
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='s', position=1, lane=2, volume_m3=10e-9)
+    h.invoke('lid.place')
+    h.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=200.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+    return h
+
+
+def run_to_front(h, gel='g1', dt=5.0, tmax=4 * 3600.0):
+    """Start and run until the dye front of `gel` reaches the reference line; returns (start current per gel A, final, run time s)."""
+    n = len(h._installed_gels())
+    h.invoke('psu.start')
+    t0 = h.t
+    h.step(dt)
+    I0 = h.I / n
+    while h.gels[gel]['s'] < h.gels[gel]['L_run'] - 1e-6 and h.t - t0 < tmax and h.running:
+        h.step(dt)
+    return I0, h.I / n, h.t - t0
+
+
+class ContractAndLibraries(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity_and_export(self):
+        meta = rt.export_biorad_miniprotean_contract_metadata()
+        self.assertEqual((rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, rt.CATALOG_ID), ('instrument.biorad_miniprotean', 'CHEM-164'))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for sname in ('input_schema', 'output_schema'):
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c[sname]) if hasattr(asset_tool, 'lint_schema') else [], [], (k, sname))
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        self.assertEqual(set(meta['state_slots']), set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, v in rt.SLOTS.items():
+            self.assertFalse(v['origin'] == 'process_truth' and v['visibility'] == 'agent', k)
+        check('export', capabilities=len(meta['capabilities']), slots=len(meta['state_slots']))
+
+    def test_template_libraries(self):
+        lib = rt.protein_lib()
+        prot = {k: v for k, v in lib['substances'].items() if v['kind'] == 'protein'}
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(prot), 50)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(prot['bsa']['mass_da'] / 1000, 66.43, delta=0.05)               # mature BSA (UniProt P02769 25-607)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(prot['lysozyme_hen']['mass_da'] / 1000, 14.31, delta=0.02)
+        self.assertEqual(prot['insulin_bovine']['n_chains'], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(prot['insulin_bovine']['interchain_disulfides'], 2)
+        self.assertTrue(all(v['source'].startswith('UniProtKB') for v in prot.values()))
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(rt.gel_lib()['gels']), 100)
+        f = rt.model()['ferguson']
+        self.assertLess(f['rms_mm'], 1.5)
+        self.assertEqual(f['n_bands'], 53)                                               # Precision Plus bands of the six chart lanes
+        check('libraries', proteins=len(prot), gels=len(rt.gel_lib()['gels']), ferguson_rms_mm=f['rms_mm'])
+
+
+class Electrophoresis(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_manufacturer_run_conditions_tgx(self):
+        """bulletin 1658100 Tables 3.1 / 3.2: per gel start / final current, run time, temperature at 100, 200 and 300 V (tolerance 10 %)."""
+        rows = {}
+        for V, outer, I0r, I1r, tr, Tr in ((100.0, 550e-6, (15, 20), (5, 10), (85, 95), (23, 27)), (200.0, 550e-6, (25, 50), (20, 31), (30, 40), (25, 35)),
+                                           (300.0, 680e-6, (55, 75), (45, 70), (15, 20), None)):
+            h = assembled(outer=outer)
+            h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=V, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+            I0, I1, t = run_to_front(h)
+            rows[V] = dict(I0_mA=I0 * 1e3, I1_mA=I1 * 1e3, t_min=t / 60, T_C=h.Tb - 273.15)
+            self.assertTrue(0.9 * I0r[0] <= I0 * 1e3 <= 1.1 * I0r[1], (V, rows[V]))
+            self.assertTrue(0.9 * I1r[0] <= I1 * 1e3 <= 1.1 * I1r[1], (V, rows[V]))
+            self.assertTrue(0.9 * tr[0] <= t / 60 <= 1.1 * tr[1], (V, rows[V]))
+            if Tr:
+                self.assertTrue(Tr[0] - 1 <= h.Tb - 273.15 <= Tr[1], (V, rows[V]))
+        check('manufacturer_tables', **{f'{int(k)}V': v for k, v in rows.items()})
+
+    def test_handcast_tris_hcl_200V_35_to_45_min(self):
+        """Tetra manual p.13: 35-45 min at 200 V for Tris-HCl gels, depending on the acrylamide percentage (every thickness)."""
+        mins = {}
+        for T in (4, 12, 17):
+            for th in ('0p75', '1p00', '1p50'):
+                h = assembled(gel=f'handcast_trishcl_{T}pct_{th}mm_10w')
+                I0, I1, t = run_to_front(h)
+                mins[f'{T}pct_{th}'] = t / 60
+                self.assertTrue(35 <= t / 60 <= 45, (T, th, t / 60))
+        self.assertLess(mins['4pct_1p00'], mins['12pct_1p00'])
+        self.assertLess(mins['12pct_1p00'], mins['17pct_1p00'])
+        check('handcast_200V', minutes=mins)
+
+    def test_buffer_volumes_2_and_4_gels(self):
+        two, four = assembled(n=2), assembled(n=4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(two.read()['buffer.inner_m3'] + two.read()['buffer.outer_m3'], 700e-6, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(four.read()['buffer.inner_m3'] + four.read()['buffer.outer_m3'], 980e-6, delta=30e-6)
+        I0, _, _ = run_to_front(four, gel='g3')
+        self.assertTrue(25e-3 <= I0 <= 55e-3, I0)                                    # the per-gel current stays the same with 4 gels (manual: multiply)
+        check('buffer_volumes', four_gel_current_per_gel_mA=I0 * 1e3)
+
+    def test_precision_plus_bands_at_the_chart_positions(self):
+        dig = json.loads((ROOT / 'outputs/expansion_batch03/t4_measure/biorad_miniprotean/migration_chart_digitized.json').read_text())
+        worst = {}
+        for gel, key in (('tgx_4_20_10w_30ul', '4–20%'), ('tgx_7.5_10w_30ul', '7.5%'), ('tgx_12_10w_30ul', '12%'), ('tgx_any_kd_10w_30ul', 'Any kD')):
+            h = assembled(gel=gel)
+            run_to_front(h)
+            bands = {round(b['apparent_molar_mass_kg_mol'], 3): b for b in h.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes'][0]['bands']}
+            lane = next(x for x in dig['sets']['precision_plus_unstained'] if x['gel'] == key)
+            err = [abs(bands[round(b['mw_kda'], 3)]['distance_m'] - (rt.STACK_LEN_M + b['rf'] * 0.062)) * 1e3 for b in lane['bands']]   # mm
+            worst[key] = max(err)
+            self.assertLess(max(err), 3.5, key)
+        check('chart_positions', max_error_m={k: v * 1e-3 for k, v in worst.items()})
+
+    def test_reducing_splits_disulfide_linked_chains(self):
+        h = assembled(samples=False)
+        for sid, buf, lane in (('red', 'laemmli_2x_reducing', 1), ('nonred', 'laemmli_2x_nonreducing', 2)):
+            h.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id=sid, proteins_kg=dict(insulin_bovine=3e-09, chymotrypsinogen_a_bovine=3e-09, concanavalin_a=3e-09), marker=None,
+                     marker_volume_m3=0.0, sample_buffer=buf, heat='95C_5min', volume_m3=10e-9)
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('lid.remove')
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='red', position=1, lane=1, volume_m3=10e-9)
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='nonred', position=1, lane=2, volume_m3=10e-9)
+        h.invoke('lid.place')
+        h.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+        run_to_front(h, dt=5.0)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        lanes = h.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes']
+        red = {b['species']: b for b in lanes[0]['bands']}
+        nonred = {b['species']: b for b in lanes[1]['bands']}
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(k for k in red if k.startswith('insulin')), ['insulin_bovine:Insulin A chain', 'insulin_bovine:Insulin B chain'])   # split
+        self.assertEqual([k for k in nonred if k.startswith('insulin')], ['insulin_bovine'])                  # held together by two disulfides
+        for pid in ('chymotrypsinogen_a_bovine', 'concanavalin_a'):                   # single chains: one ~25.6 kDa band either way
+            self.assertIn(pid, red)
+            self.assertIn(pid, nonred)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(red[pid]['apparent_molar_mass_kg_mol'], 25.6, delta=0.2)
+        check('reducing', reduced=sorted(red), nonreduced=sorted(nonred))
+
+    def test_overrun_runs_small_proteins_off_and_peptides_ride_the_front(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        run_to_front(h)
+        lane2 = {b['species']: b for b in h.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes'][1]['bands']}
+        self.assertGreater(lane2['insulin_bovine:Insulin A chain']['distance_m'], 0.95 * (rt.STACK_LEN_M + 0.062))   # at the dye front
+        h.step(40 * 60.0)                                                            # keep running 40 min past the front
+        lane2 = {b['species']: b for b in h.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes'][1]['bands']}
+        self.assertEqual(lane2['lysozyme_hen']['state'], 'ran_off')
+        self.assertEqual(lane2['bsa']['state'], 'resolving')
+        self.assertGreater(h.ledger()['protein_run_off_kg'], 0.0)
+        check('run_off', run_off_kg=h.ledger()['protein_run_off_kg'])
+
+    def test_reversed_polarity_loses_the_proteins_upward(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='reversed')
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(600.0)
+        g = h.gels['g1']
+        self.assertEqual(g['s'], 0.0)
+        self.assertTrue(all(b['state'] == 'upper_buffer' for bands in g['lanes'].values() for b in bands))
+        self.assertGreater(h.ledger()['protein_upper_buffer_kg'], 0.0)
+        check('reversed')
+
+    def test_overload_broadens_and_smile_grows_with_power(self):
+        light, heavy = assembled(samples=False), assembled(samples=False)
+        for h, ug in ((light, 1.0), (heavy, 40.0)):
+            h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+            h.invoke('lid.remove')
+            h.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id='x', proteins_kg=dict(bsa=ug * 1e-9), marker=None, marker_volume_m3=0.0, sample_buffer='laemmli_2x_reducing', heat='95C_5min', volume_m3=10e-9)
+            h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='x', position=1, lane=5, volume_m3=10e-9)
+            h.invoke('lid.place')
+            h.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+            run_to_front(h)
+        s1 = light.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes'][4]['bands'][0]['sigma_m']
+        s2 = heavy.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes'][4]['bands'][0]['sigma_m']
+        self.assertGreater(s2, 1.5 * s1)
+        cool, hot = assembled(), assembled(buffer='tris_glycine_sds_2x')
+        hot.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=300.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        run_to_front(cool)
+        run_to_front(hot)
+        self.assertGreater(hot.gels['g1']['smile'], 5 * cool.gels['g1']['smile'])
+        self.assertGreater(hot.Tb, cool.Tb)
+        check('overload_smile', sigma_1ug_m=s1, sigma_40ug_m=s2, smile_cool=cool.gels['g1']['smile'], smile_hot=hot.gels['g1']['smile'])
+
+    def test_native_page_basic_protein_needs_reversed_leads(self):
+        """bulletin p.12: strongly basic proteins do not enter a native TGX gel; reversing the jacks lets them migrate in; SDS-treated samples keep the
+        SDS mobility in a native buffer."""
+        res = {}
+        for pol in ('normal', 'reversed'):
+            h = assembled(buffer='tris_glycine_native_1x', samples=False)
+            h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+            h.invoke('lid.remove')
+            h.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id='n', proteins_kg=dict(bsa=2e-09, lysozyme_hen=2e-09), marker=None, marker_volume_m3=0.0, sample_buffer='native_sample_buffer',
+                     heat='none', volume_m3=10e-9)
+            h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='n', position=1, lane=1, volume_m3=10e-9)
+            h.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id='d', proteins_kg=dict(lysozyme_hen=2e-09), marker=None, marker_volume_m3=0.0, sample_buffer='laemmli_2x_reducing',
+                     heat='95C_5min', volume_m3=10e-9)
+            h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='d', position=1, lane=2, volume_m3=10e-9)
+            h.invoke('lid.place')
+            h.invoke('leads.connect', polarity=pol)
+            if pol == 'normal':
+                run_to_front(h)
+            else:
+                h.invoke('psu.start')
+                h.step(1800.0)
+            lanes = h.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes']
+            res[pol] = ({x['species']: x['state'] for x in lanes[0]['bands']}, {x['species']: x['state'] for x in lanes[1]['bands']})
+        self.assertEqual(res['normal'][0]['lysozyme_hen'], 'upper_buffer')            # pI 9.2: positive at pH 8.8, leaves toward the cathode, not into the gel
+        self.assertEqual(res['normal'][0]['bsa'], 'resolving')
+        self.assertEqual(res['normal'][1]['lysozyme_hen'], 'resolving')               # SDS-treated: an anion whatever the running buffer
+        self.assertEqual(res['reversed'][0]['lysozyme_hen'], 'resolving')             # reversed jacks: the cation migrates into the gel
+        self.assertEqual(res['reversed'][0]['bsa'], 'upper_buffer')
+        check('native', states=res)
+
+    def test_well_overflow_contaminates_neighbours(self):
+        h = assembled(samples=False)
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('lid.remove')
+        h.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id='big', proteins_kg=dict(ovalbumin=5e-09), marker=None, marker_volume_m3=0.0, sample_buffer='laemmli_2x_reducing', heat='95C_5min', volume_m3=60e-9)
+        out = h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='big', position=1, lane=5, volume_m3=50e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['loaded_m3'], 30e-9, delta=1e-18)                  # 10-well 30 uL comb
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['spilled_m3'], 20e-9, delta=1e-18)
+        self.assertTrue(h.gels['g1']['lanes'][4] and h.gels['g1']['lanes'][6])
+        check('overflow')
+
+    def test_observe_dye_front_and_prestained_markers(self):
+        h = assembled(samples=False)
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('lid.remove')
+        h.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id='pre', proteins_kg=dict(bsa=2e-09), marker='precision_plus_prestained', marker_volume_m3=10e-9, sample_buffer='laemmli_2x_reducing',
+                 heat='95C_5min', volume_m3=20e-9)
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='pre', position=1, lane=1, volume_m3=20e-9)
+        h.invoke('lid.place')
+        h.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(900.0)
+        ob = h.invoke('gel.observe', position=1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ob['dye_front_m'], h.gels['g1']['s'], delta=2.5e-3)
+        self.assertEqual(len(ob['visible_bands']), 10)                               # 10 prestained bands, BSA (unstained) invisible
+        check('observe', dye_front_m=ob['dye_front_m'])
+
+
+class PowerSupplyAndCell(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_regulation_cv_cc_and_power_limit(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('psu.program', constant='current', voltage_v=300.0, current_a=0.040, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.psu['active'], 'CC')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.I, 0.040, delta=1e-12)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=300.0, current_a=0.050, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.psu['active'], 'CC')                                      # crossover at the 50 mA limit
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        k = assembled(buffer='tris_glycine_sds_10x', n=4)
+        k.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=300.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        k.invoke('psu.start')
+        k.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(k.psu['active'], 'CP')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(k.V * k.I, rt.P_MAX_W, delta=1e-9)
+        check('regulation', cp_voltage=k.V, cp_current=k.I)
+
+    def test_timer_keys_display_and_accuracy(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=200.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=120.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='display_mode')['display_mode'], 'mA')
+        h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='display_mode')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='up')['display_value'], 3)
+        h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='down')
+        h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='display_mode')                              # back to V
+        st = h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='run_pause')
+        self.assertEqual(st['state'], 'running')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        v = h.read()['display.value']
+        self.assertLessEqual(abs(v - h.V), max(0.02 * h.V, 3.0) + 0.5)               # displayed within the specified accuracy
+        h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='run_pause')
+        s0 = h.gels['g1']['s']
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.gels['g1']['s'], s0)                                      # paused: no field
+        h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='run_pause')
+        h.step(200.0)
+        rec = h.records['EP0001']
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rec['run_time_s'], 120.0, delta=0.5)
+        check('timer_keys_display', displayed_v=v, true_v=h.V)
+
+    def test_error_codes(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=True)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        self.assertEqual(h.psu['error'], 'E1')                                       # no load at the start
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=False)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=True)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.psu['error'], 'E9')                                       # sudden change of the load
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=False)
+        h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='stop')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='short_circuit', active=True)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.psu['error'], 'E2')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='short_circuit', active=False)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        h.invoke('power.press_switch')                                               # switch off mid untimed run
+        h.invoke('power.press_switch')
+        self.assertEqual(h.psu['error'], 'E7')
+        k = assembled()
+        k.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=200.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=180.0, power_failure_detection=True)
+        k.invoke('psu.start')
+        k.step(30.0)
+        k.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        k.step(30.0)
+        k.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        k.step(200.0)
+        rec = k.records['EP0001']
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_codes']), ('completed', ['E5']))  # power failure detection: the timed run completed
+        check('error_codes')
+
+    def test_circuit_rules_tape_dam_and_companion(self):
+        taped = assembled(tape=True)
+        taped.invoke('psu.start')
+        self.assertEqual(taped.psu['error'], 'E1')                                   # the bottom tape of a precast cassette blocks the current
+        one = assembled(n=1, samples=False)                                          # one gel without the buffer dam: the inner chamber drains
+        one.step(120.0)
+        self.assertLess(one.inner['electrode'], rt.INNER_CONTACT_M3)
+        one.invoke('psu.start')
+        self.assertEqual(one.psu['error'], 'E1')
+        dam = assembled(n=1, dam=True, samples=False)
+        dam.step(120.0)
+        dam.invoke('psu.start')
+        self.assertEqual(dam.psu['state'], 'running')
+        hot = assembled(samples=False)
+        hot.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        hot.invoke('lid.remove')
+        hot.invoke('companion.install')                                              # 2 gels with the companion module in the tank
+        hot.invoke('lid.place')
+        hot.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+        ref = assembled(samples=False)
+        for x in (hot, ref):
+            x.invoke('psu.start')
+            x.step(600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(hot.I, 3 * ref.I)                                        # the open companion module is a buffer path between its electrodes
+        self.assertGreater(hot.Tb, ref.Tb + 2.0)                                     # excessive heat (manual caution)
+        self.assertGreater(hot.V * hot.I, 3 * ref.V * ref.I)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            ref.invoke('lid.remove')                                                 # leads still in the supply
+        hot.invoke('psu.stop')
+        hot.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        hot.invoke('lid.remove')
+        self.assertFalse(hot.invoke('companion.remove')['companion'])
+        check('circuit_rules', companion_current_A=hot.I, ref_current_A=ref.I)
+
+    def test_cold_buffer_and_room_cooling(self):
+        h = assembled(temperature_k=277.15, samples=False)
+        Ct, Cb = rt.M_TANK_KG * rt.CP_PC, 700e-6 * rt.RHO_W * rt.CP_W
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.Tb, (Ct * 295.15 + Cb * 277.15) / (Ct + Cb), delta=1e-9)       # pre-chilled buffer mixes with the room-temperature tank
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.Tb, 277.15)
+        self.assertLess(h.Tb, 295.15)
+        check('cold_buffer', T_after_1h=h.Tb)
+
+
+class ReviewFindings(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Behaviour fixed after the independent runtime review round 1 (F-01 ... F-M13)."""
+
+    def test_power_loss_holds_the_supply_off_and_e5_is_displayed(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('ag')
+        h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=200.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=600.0, power_failure_detection=True)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(100.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(enabled=True), request_id='on')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('rejected', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE'))       # no mains: the supply cannot be switched on
+        ev = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='ev')['result']['events']
+        self.assertEqual([e['code'] for e in ev if e['kind'] == 'power'][-1], 'POWER_OFF')          # the agent sees a dark panel, not the cause
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['psu.active_mode'])
+        s_out = h.gels['g1']['s']
+        h.step(50.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.gels['g1']['s'], s_out)                                                  # no field during the outage
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)                                  # mains back, switch still on: automatic restart
+        self.assertTrue(h.power)
+        h.step(700.0)
+        rec = h.records['EP0001']
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_codes'], rec['run_time_s']), ('completed', ['E5'], 600.0))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['display.error_code'], 'E5')                                      # manual 4.2: E5 displayed, run completed
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['display.value'])
+        h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='display_mode')                                               # any key clears the code
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['display.error_code'])
+        self.assertFalse(h.psu['pfd'])                                                              # Pfd is de-activated after the run
+        check('power_loss_e5')
+
+    def test_e9_hold_resumes_the_interrupted_run(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=200.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=1800.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(1500.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=True)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.psu['state'], h.read()['display.error_code']), ('error', 'E9'))
+        self.assertEqual(h.records['EP0001']['status'], 'running')                                   # held, not ended
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=False)
+        st = h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='run_pause')                                             # manual 4.2: run/pause resumes the run
+        self.assertEqual((st['state'], st['operation_id']), ('running', 'op0001'))
+        h.step(400.0)
+        rec = h.records['EP0001']
+        self.assertEqual(list(h.records), ['EP0001'])
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['run_time_s'], rec['error_codes']), ('completed', 1800.0, ['E9']))
+        k = assembled()
+        k.invoke('psu.start')
+        k.step(60.0)
+        k.invoke('fault.inject', fault='short_circuit', active=True)
+        k.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(k.read()['display.error_code'], 'E2')
+        k.invoke('fault.inject', fault='short_circuit', active=False)
+        k.invoke('psu.press_key', key='up')                                                         # any other key clears the code and ends the run
+        self.assertEqual((k.psu['state'], k.records['EP0001']['status'], k.records['EP0001']['error_codes']), ('stopped', 'error', ['E2']))
+        check('e9_resume')
+
+    def test_standard_300V_smile_is_small_and_lanes_stay_in_the_gel(self):
+        h = assembled(n=4, outer=680e-6)
+        h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=300.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('lid.remove')
+        h.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id='m5', proteins_kg={}, marker='precision_plus_unstained', marker_volume_m3=10e-9, sample_buffer='laemmli_2x_reducing',
+                 heat='95C_5min', volume_m3=10e-9)
+        h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='m5', position=1, lane=5, volume_m3=10e-9)
+        h.invoke('lid.place')
+        h.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+        run_to_front(h)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        ins = h.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')
+        self.assertLess(ins['smile_fraction'], 0.015)
+        res = ins['resolving_height_m']
+        front = ins['dye_front_m']
+        for lane in ins['lanes']:
+            inside = [b for b in lane['bands'] if b['state'] == 'resolving']
+            for b in inside:
+                self.assertLess(b['distance_m'], rt.STACK_LEN_M + res)                  # no band below the gel bottom
+            # the profile holds every band that is not cut by the gel end (bands riding the front at the bottom lose their tail only)
+            clear = [b for b in inside if b['distance_m'] - rt.STACK_LEN_M < res - 3 * b['sigma_m']]
+            mass = sum(b['amount_kg'] for b in clear)
+            if clear and len(clear) == len(inside):
+                self.assertGreater(sum(lane['profile']) / mass, 0.99, lane['lane'])
+        self.assertLessEqual(front, rt.STACK_LEN_M + res + 1e-12)
+        check('smile_300V', smile=ins['smile_fraction'])
+
+    def test_overheating_is_bounded_and_flagged(self):
+        h = assembled(n=4, outer=680e-6)
+        h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=300.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertLessEqual(h.Tb, rt.BOIL_K + 1e-9)
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(g['T'] for g in h._installed_gels()), rt.BOIL_K + 1e-9)
+        rec = h.records['EP0001']
+        self.assertIn('buffer_boiling', rec['warnings'])                                             # visible to the operator
+        self.assertNotIn('buffer_hot', rec['warnings'])
+        codes = {e['code'] for e in h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']}
+        self.assertTrue({'BUFFER_HOT', 'GEL_OVERHEATED'} <= codes)                                  # evaluator view
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        seen = {e['code'] for e in h.session('ag').invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e')['result']['events']}
+        self.assertFalse({'BUFFER_HOT', 'GEL_OVERHEATED'} & seen)                                   # temperatures are not displayed to the agent
+        ins = h.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')
+        self.assertTrue(ins['heat_damaged'])
+        L = h.ledger()
+        C = h._heat_capacity()
+        self.assertGreater(L['output_energy_j'], L['heat_to_room_j'])
+        check('overheat', T_buffer_C=h.Tb - 273.15, warnings=rec['warnings'], evaporated_m3=L['buffer_evaporated_m3'], C=C)
+
+    def test_native_table_4_1_both_rows(self):
+        rows = {}
+        for gel, (I0r, I1r, tr, Tr) in (('tgx_7.5_10w_30ul', ((35, 37), (17, 20), (38, 40), (28, 30))), ('tgx_4_20_10w_30ul', ((50, 55), (25, 28), (30, 34), (30, 33))),
+                                        ('tgx_any_kd_10w_30ul', ((50, 55), (25, 28), (30, 34), (30, 33)))):
+            h = assembled(gel=gel, n=1, dam=True, buffer='tris_glycine_native_1x', samples=False)
+            I0, I1, t = run_to_front(h, dt=2.0)
+            Tg = h.gels['g1']['T'] - 273.15
+            rows[gel] = dict(I0_mA=I0 * 1e3, I1_mA=I1 * 1e3, t_min=t / 60, T_gel_C=Tg)
+            self.assertTrue(0.97 * I0r[0] <= I0 * 1e3 <= 1.03 * I0r[1], rows[gel])
+            self.assertTrue(0.95 * I1r[0] <= I1 * 1e3 <= 1.05 * I1r[1], rows[gel])
+            self.assertTrue(tr[0] - 1 <= t / 60 <= tr[1] + 1, rows[gel])
+            self.assertTrue(Tr[0] - 1 <= Tg <= Tr[1] + 1, rows[gel])
+        check('native_table_4_1', rows=rows)
+
+    def test_tgx_formats_share_the_manufacturer_tables(self):
+        t = {}
+        for gel in ('tgx_4_20_10w_30ul', 'tgx_4_20_10w_50ul'):
+            h = assembled(gel=gel)
+            h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=100.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+            I0, I1, tt = run_to_front(h)
+            t[gel] = tt / 60
+            self.assertTrue(85 * 0.97 <= tt / 60 <= 95, (gel, tt / 60))
+        k = assembled(gel='tgx_4_20_10w_50ul', n=4, outer=680e-6)
+        k.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=300.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        k.invoke('psu.start')
+        k.step(2.0)
+        self.assertTrue(55e-3 <= k.I / 4 <= 75e-3, k.I / 4)
+        check('tgx_formats', run_min_100V=t, start_300V_per_gel_A=k.I / 4)
+
+    def test_protein_ledger_on_reinstall_and_edge_overflow(self):
+        h = assembled(samples=False)
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('lid.remove')
+        h.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id='e', proteins_kg=dict(bsa=6e-09), marker=None, marker_volume_m3=0.0, sample_buffer='laemmli_2x_reducing', heat='95C_5min', volume_m3=60e-9)
+        out = h.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='e', position=1, lane=1, volume_m3=60e-9)          # 30 uL well at the gel edge
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['spilled_m3'], 30e-9, delta=1e-18)
+        L = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['protein_loaded_kg'], L['protein_in_gels_kg'] + L['protein_spilled_kg'], delta=1e-21)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['protein_spilled_kg'], 1.5e-9, delta=1e-21)                       # half over the gel edge into the buffer
+        h.invoke('lid.place')
+        h.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(600.0)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('lid.remove')
+        h.invoke('buffer.drain')
+        h.invoke('gel.remove', position=1)
+        h.invoke('gel.install', item='g1', position=1)                                            # the same gel back in
+        L = h.ledger()
+        sinks = L['protein_in_gels_kg'] + L['protein_on_bench_gels_kg'] + L['protein_run_off_kg'] + L['protein_upper_buffer_kg'] + L['protein_spilled_kg']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['protein_loaded_kg'], sinks, delta=1e-21)
+        self.assertEqual(L['protein_on_bench_gels_kg'], 0.0)
+        check('protein_ledger', ledger={k: v for k, v in L.items() if k.startswith('protein')})
+
+    def test_power_record_uses_displayed_readings(self):
+        vals = {}
+        for seed in (1, 3):
+            h = assembled(seed=seed)
+            h.invoke('psu.start')
+            h.step(60.0)
+            h.invoke('psu.stop')
+            r = h.records['EP0001']
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(r['max_power_w'], round(r['max_voltage_v'] * r['max_current_a'], 1), delta=1e-9)
+            vals[seed] = r['max_power_w']
+        self.assertNotEqual(vals[1], vals[3])                                                         # carries the per-instrument display bias
+        check('power_record', max_power_w=vals)
+
+    def test_step_partition_with_the_run_ending_inside_a_step(self):
+        a, b = assembled(seed=3), assembled(seed=3)
+        for h in (a, b):
+            h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=200.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=600.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+            h.invoke('psu.start')
+        a.step(1200.0)
+        b.step(599.75)
+        b.step(600.25)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(b.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.ledger(), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(b.ledger(), sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.records, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(b.records, sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(a.records['EP0001']['finished_s'], 600.0)                                    # the tick time, not the step end
+        check('partition_run_end')
+
+    def test_constant_change_needs_pause_and_key_started_runs_are_owned(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.press_key', arguments=dict(key='run_pause'), request_id='k')
+        oid = r['result']['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(s1.poll(oid)['status'], 'running')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s2.poll(oid)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('psu.program', constant='current', voltage_v=200.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        s1.cancel(oid, 'c')
+        w = assembled(buffer='deionized_water')
+        w.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        w.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        w.session('a1').invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.press_key', arguments=dict(key='run_pause'), request_id='k')
+        self.assertEqual(w.records['EP0001']['error_codes'], ['E1'])
+        lst = w.session('a2').invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='l')['result']['records']
+        self.assertEqual(lst, [])                                                                     # an immediate-E1 record still belongs to its caller
+        check('ownership')
+
+    def test_first_tick_current_and_cold_buffer(self):
+        warm, cold = assembled(), assembled(temperature_k=277.15)
+        for h in (warm, cold):
+            h.invoke('psu.start')
+            h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertLess(cold.I, 0.8 * warm.I)                                                         # a gel in 4 C buffer conducts less
+        k = assembled(n=4, outer=680e-6)
+        k.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=300.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        k.invoke('psu.start')
+        k.step(0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(55e-3 <= k.I / 4 <= 75e-3, k.I / 4)                                        # Table 3.1 start current from the first tick
+        check('first_tick', warm_A=warm.I, cold_A=cold.I, start_300V_per_gel_A=k.I / 4)
+
+    def test_comb_on_installed_gel_and_unrinsed_wells(self):
+        h = assembled(samples=False)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('gel.prepare', gel_id='g1', remove_comb=True, remove_tape=False, rinse_wells=False)     # installed, lid on, running
+        sig = {}
+        for rinse in (True, False):
+            k = configured()
+            k.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+            k.invoke('lid.remove')
+            for q in (1, 2):
+                k.invoke('gel.provide', gel_id=f'g{q}', gel_type=TGX)
+                k.invoke('gel.prepare', gel_id=f'g{q}', remove_comb=False, remove_tape=True, rinse_wells=False)
+                k.invoke('gel.install', item=f'g{q}', position=q)
+            k.invoke('buffer.fill', chamber='inner', buffer_id=SDS, volume_m3=150e-6, temperature_k=295.15)
+            k.invoke('buffer.fill', chamber='outer', buffer_id=SDS, volume_m3=550e-6, temperature_k=295.15)
+            k.invoke('lid.place')
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                k.invoke('gel.prepare', gel_id='g1', remove_comb=True, remove_tape=False, rinse_wells=False)   # lid on
+            k.invoke('lid.remove')
+            for q in (1, 2):
+                k.invoke('gel.prepare', gel_id=f'g{q}', remove_comb=True, remove_tape=False, rinse_wells=rinse)
+            k.invoke('sample.prepare', sample_id='b', proteins_kg=dict(bsa=1e-09), marker=None, marker_volume_m3=0.0, sample_buffer='laemmli_2x_reducing', heat='95C_5min', volume_m3=10e-9)
+            k.invoke('sample.load', sample_id='b', position=1, lane=3, volume_m3=10e-9)
+            k.invoke('lid.place')
+            k.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+            k.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+            k.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=200.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+            run_to_front(k)
+            sig[rinse] = k.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes'][2]['bands'][0]['sigma_m']
+        self.assertGreater(sig[False], 1.04 * sig[True])                               # sigma0 x 1.2 at the start, diluted by the diffusion of the run
+        check('comb_rinse', sigma_m=sig)
+
+    def test_companion_bypass_starves_the_gels(self):
+        ref = assembled()
+        hot = assembled()
+        hot.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        hot.invoke('lid.remove')
+        hot.invoke('companion.install')
+        hot.invoke('lid.place')
+        hot.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+        for x in (hot, ref):
+            x.invoke('psu.start')
+            x.step(1800.0)
+        self.assertLess(hot.gels['g1']['s'], 0.9 * ref.gels['g1']['s'])                             # the supply limits: less field across the gels
+        self.assertGreater(hot.Tb, ref.Tb + 10.0)
+        self.assertIn('companion_module_bypass', hot.records['EP0001']['warnings'])
+        check('bypass', front_hot_m=hot.gels['g1']['s'], front_ref_m=ref.gels['g1']['s'], T_hot_C=hot.Tb - 273.15)
+
+    def test_observe_is_stable_for_an_unchanged_gel(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(600.0)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        reads = []
+        for _ in range(20):
+            reads.append(h.invoke('gel.observe', position=1)['dye_front_m'])
+            h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(set(reads)), 1)                                                          # averaging repeated reads gains nothing
+        check('observe_stable', front_m=reads[0])
+
+    def test_round2_hold_ownership_rinse_profile_and_power_loss(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        a, e = h.session('ag'), h.session('ev')
+        r = a.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.start', arguments={}, request_id='s')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=True)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=False)
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('lid.remove')
+        for cap, args in (('buffer.drain', {}), ('gel.remove', dict(position=2)), ('sample.load', dict(sample_id='s', position=1, lane=5, volume_m3=2e-9))):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(cap, **args)                                                                # the held run is still open (F2-01)
+        h.invoke('lid.place')
+        h.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+        e.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.start', arguments={}, request_id='resume')   # the evaluator resumes the agent's run
+        self.assertEqual(a.poll(r['operation_id'])['status'], 'running')                           # the owner keeps poll / cancel (F2-02)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=True)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)                                                         # power lost during the E9 hold (F2-08)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=False)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['display.error_code'], 'E7')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records['EP0001']['status'], 'power_failed')
+        self.assertIn('power_failure_during_run', h.records['EP0001']['warnings'])
+        k = assembled(samples=True)
+        k.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        k.invoke('lid.remove')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            k.invoke('gel.prepare', gel_id='g1', remove_comb=False, remove_tape=False, rinse_wells=True)   # samples loaded (F2-04)
+        k.invoke('lid.place')
+        k.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='normal')
+        k.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=300.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        run_to_front(k)
+        k.invoke('psu.stop')
+        for lane in k.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes']:
+            inside = sum(b['amount_kg'] for b in lane['bands'] if b['state'] == 'resolving')
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(lane['profile']), inside, delta=1e-9 * max(inside, 1e-18))    # the profile holds every in-gel band (F2-05)
+        check('round2')
+
+    def test_contract_review_power_codes_mains_bands_and_poll(self):
+        """PowerPac manual 4.2: E6 = mains failure in a timed run, E7 = untimed run or the switch turned off before stop; input 90-132 / 198-264 VAC."""
+        for cause, code in (('mains', 'E6'), ('switch', 'E7')):
+            h = assembled()
+            h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=200.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=600.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+            h.invoke('psu.start')
+            h.step(60.0)
+            if cause == 'mains':
+                h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+                h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+            else:
+                h.invoke('power.press_switch')
+                h.invoke('power.press_switch')
+            self.assertEqual(h.read()['display.error_code'], code, cause)
+        for v, ok in ((120.0, True), (133.0, False), (150.0, False), (198.0, True), (230.0, True), (60.0, False)):
+            k = configured(mains_voltage_v=v)
+            if ok:
+                self.assertTrue(k.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)['enabled'])
+            else:
+                with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                    k.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h = assembled(n=4, outer=680e-6)
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        a = h.session('ag')
+        h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=300.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)
+        r = a.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.start', arguments={}, request_id='s')
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        res = a.poll(r['operation_id'])['result']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in res if k.startswith('_')])                                     # no evaluator-only flags in the agent's poll
+        self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(res, _meta()['capabilities']['measurement.result']['output_schema']), [])
+        check('power_codes_mains_poll')
+
+    def test_reversed_field_moves_sds_bands_back(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(900.0)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        d0 = {b['species']: b['distance_m'] for b in h.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes'][1]['bands'] if b['state'] == 'resolving'}
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('leads.connect', polarity='reversed')
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(300.0)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        d1 = {b['species']: (b['distance_m'], b['state']) for b in h.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')['lanes'][1]['bands']}
+        self.assertTrue(all(d1[k][1] == 'upper_buffer' or d1[k][0] < d0[k] for k in d0))
+        check('reverse_back', before=d0)
+
+
+class Framework(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_describe_pure_and_clock(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        v0 = h.read('evaluator')
+        h.session('ag').describe(instance_id=INST)
+        h.session('ag').read(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(v0, sort_keys=True))
+        t = h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=2.25)['time_s']
+        self.assertEqual(t, h.t)
+        check('pure_reads')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independent(self):
+        a, b = assembled(seed=3), assembled(seed=3)
+        for h in (a, b):
+            h.invoke('psu.start')
+        a.step(600.0)
+        for _ in range(240):
+            b.step(2.5)
+        ra, rb = a.read('evaluator'), b.read('evaluator')
+        for k in ra:
+            if isinstance(ra[k], float):
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(ra[k], rb[k], delta=1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(ra[k])), msg=k)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(ra[k], rb[k], k)
+        ia, ib = a.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1'), b.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(ia, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(ib, sort_keys=True))
+        check('step_partition')
+
+    def test_conservation(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        e0 = h.ledger()
+        run_to_front(h)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        L = h.ledger()
+        led_t0 = sum(len(g['runs']) for g in h.gels.values())
+        self.assertGreater(L['charge_c'], 0)
+        rec = h.records['EP0001']
+        self.assertTrue(0.3 * rec['max_current_a'] < L['charge_c'] / rec['run_time_s'] <= rec['max_current_a'] * 1.03)                    # mean current below the start maximum
+        C = h._heat_capacity()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['output_energy_j'] - L['heat_to_room_j'], C * (h.Tb - 295.15), delta=1e-6 * L['output_energy_j'] + 1e-6)   # Joule heat -> buffer + room
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['protein_loaded_kg'], L['protein_in_gels_kg'] + L['protein_run_off_kg'] + L['protein_upper_buffer_kg'] + L['protein_on_bench_gels_kg'], delta=1e-18)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['buffer_added_m3'], 700e-6, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('ledger.read')['ledger'], h.ledger())
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        L2 = h.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(L2['output_energy_j'], L['output_energy_j'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L2['output_energy_j'] - L2['heat_to_room_j'], h._heat_capacity() * (h.Tb - 295.15), delta=1e-6 * L2['output_energy_j'])
+        self.assertTrue(led_t0 >= 2 and e0['charge_c'] == 0.0)
+        check('conservation', charge_c=L['charge_c'], energy_j=L['output_energy_j'])
+
+    def test_rejections_leave_state_unchanged(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        v0 = json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str)
+        for cap, args in [('lid.remove', {}), ('gel.install', dict(item='g1', position=3)), ('sample.load', dict(sample_id='marker', position=1, lane=1, volume_m3=1e-9)),
+                          ('buffer.fill', dict(chamber='outer', buffer_id=SDS, volume_m3=10e-6, temperature_k=295.15)), ('companion.install', {}),
+                          ('psu.program', dict(constant='voltage', voltage_v=200.5, current_a=0.400, time_s=0.0, power_failure_detection=False)),
+                          ('gel.provide', dict(gel_id='g1', gel_type=TGX)), ('sample.prepare', dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, proteins_kg=dict(nope=1e-09)))]:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(cap, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str), v0)
+        check('rejections_pure')
+
+    def test_cancellation_and_gel_removal(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('ag')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.start', arguments={}, request_id='run')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        h.step(300.0)
+        s0 = h.gels['g1']['s']
+        s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records['EP0001']['status'], 'stopped')
+        self.assertEqual(h.gels['g1']['s'], s0)                                      # the migration so far is kept
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('lid.remove')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('gel.remove', position=1)                                       # pour off the buffer first
+        h.invoke('buffer.drain')
+        h.invoke('gel.remove', position=1)
+        self.assertIn('g1', h.read()['gel.bench_ids'])
+        check('cancel_remove')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = assembled(), assembled()
+        run_to_front(a)
+        self.assertEqual(b.records, {})
+        self.assertEqual(b.gels['g1']['s'], 0.0)
+        check('isolation')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation_and_idempotence(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        s1, s2, e = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2'), h.session('ev')
+        obs = s1.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.') or k.startswith('psu.output')])
+        self.assertIn('truth.buffer_temperature_k', e.read(instance_id=INST)['observations'])
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='gel.inspect', arguments=dict(gel_id='g1'), request_id='i')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r1 = s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.start', arguments={}, request_id='r')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.start', arguments={}, request_id='r'), r1)
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.stop', arguments={}, request_id='r')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.stop', arguments={}, request_id='x')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='psu.stop', arguments={}, request_id='stop')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id='EP0001'), request_id='m')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'], 'EP0001')
+        check('truth_isolation_idempotence')
+
+    def test_queries_and_unsupported(self):
+        h = assembled()
+        run_to_front(h)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.list')['records'], ['EP0001'])
+        r = h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id='EP0001')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'stopped')
+        self.assertGreater(r['max_current_a'], 0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'])
+        p = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual(len(p['libraries']), 3)
+        ins = h.invoke('gel.inspect', gel_id='g1')
+        self.assertEqual(len(ins['lanes']), 10)
+        self.assertEqual(len(ins['lanes'][0]['profile']), 200)
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(k)
+        check('queries')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects over scenario states
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return rt.BioradMiniproteanRuntime()
+    if name == 'off':
+        return configured()
+    if name == 'open':
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('lid.remove')
+        return h
+    if name == 'ready':
+        return assembled()
+    if name == 'running':
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'paused':
+        h = _scenario('running')
+        h.invoke('psu.press_key', key='run_pause')
+        return h
+    if name == 'timed':
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('psu.program', constant='voltage', voltage_v=200.0, current_a=0.400, time_s=60.0, power_failure_detection=True)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'done':
+        h = assembled()
+        run_to_front(h)
+        h.invoke('psu.stop')
+        return h
+    if name == 'error':
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lead_break', active=True)
+        h.invoke('psu.start')
+        return h
+    if name == 'one_gel':
+        return assembled(n=1, samples=False)
+    if name == 'open_one':
+        h = assembled(n=1, samples=False)
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        h.invoke('lid.remove')
+        return h
+    if name == 'drained':
+        h = _scenario('open')
+        h.invoke('buffer.drain')
+        return h
+    if name == 'open_companion':
+        h = _scenario('open')
+        h.invoke('companion.install')
+        return h
+    if name == 'unplugged':
+        h = assembled()
+        h.invoke('leads.disconnect')
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'open', 'ready', 'running', 'paused', 'timed', 'done', 'error', 'one_gel', 'open_one', 'unplugged', 'drained', 'open_companion']
+STEP_DTS = (0.5, 5.0, 60.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0)],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_switch': [{}],
+        'psu.program': [dict(rt.PSU_EXAMPLE), dict(rt.PSU_EXAMPLE, constant='current', current_a=0.030, time_s=0.0)],
+        'psu.press_key': [dict(key=k) for k in rt.PANEL_KEYS], 'psu.start': [{}], 'psu.stop': [{}],
+        'lid.place': [{}], 'lid.remove': [{}], 'leads.connect': [dict(polarity='normal'), dict(polarity='reversed')], 'leads.disconnect': [{}],
+        'companion.install': [{}], 'companion.remove': [{}], 'gel.provide': [dict(gel_id='new', gel_type=TGX)],
+        'gel.prepare': [dict(gel_id='g1', remove_comb=True, remove_tape=True, rinse_wells=True), dict(gel_id='g1', remove_comb=True, remove_tape=False, rinse_wells=True)],
+        'gel.install': [dict(item='buffer_dam', position=2), dict(item='buffer_dam', position=3)], 'gel.remove': [dict(position=1)],
+        'buffer.fill': [dict(chamber='outer', buffer_id=SDS, volume_m3=50e-6, temperature_k=280.0), dict(chamber='inner', buffer_id=SDS, volume_m3=20e-6, temperature_k=295.15)],
+        'buffer.drain': [{}], 'sample.prepare': [dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='new')],
+        'sample.load': [dict(sample_id='marker', position=1, lane=3, volume_m3=5e-9), dict(sample_id='s', position=1, lane=4, volume_m3=5e-9)],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in ('power_loss', 'lead_break', 'inner_leak', 'short_circuit')] + [dict(fault='lead_break', active=False)],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 128:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] not in ('query', 'analysis')
+
+
+class ZDeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        check('declared_effects_scenarios')
+
+    def test_every_device_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'}) for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_biotek_405ts.py b/tests/test_asset_biotek_405ts.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e95a9d27ab5c3be1793bf44a535ee297091184a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_biotek_405ts.py
@@ -0,0 +1,764 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-163 biotek_405ts: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_biotek_405ts.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances are
+isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (liquid volume: bottles -> dispensed -> wells / waste; electrical energy), real return values
+validated against the declared schemas (asset_tool validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation remnants, host-step independence,
+declared immediate and on_step effects over scenario states; plus the washer physics against the manufacturer statements: residual <= 2 uL/well after
+a 3-cycle 300 uL wash with 0.1 % Tween 20 water on a Costar flat plate at the default 29 steps, about 100 uL at 50 steps, dispense precision <= 3 % CV
+at 300 uL, 3 cycles of 300 uL within 30 s, a 300 mL prime giving >= 95 % buffer purity; the cell-wash option (rates 1-2, CW travel) protecting an
+adherent monolayer, vacuum-skimmed overfill vs overflow cross-contamination, clogged tubes (flow sensor, full wells), sensors (waste, vacuum, fluid),
+idle-manifold clogging with a salt buffer vs a water rinse, liquid properties changing the wall film, carrier home for soaks longer than 1 min.
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import biotek_405ts as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+INST = 'washer_01'
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_biotek_405ts_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.Biotek405tsRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.Biotek405tsRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+TWEEN = 'water_0_1pct_tween20'
+ELISA = dict(rt.PLATE_EXAMPLE)
+TEST_PLATE = dict(ELISA, plate_id='test_plate', liquid_id=TWEEN, fill_volume_m3=300e-9, unbound_mol=1e-12)
+CELL_PLATE = dict(ELISA, plate_id='cell_plate', liquid_id='dpbs_ca_mg', fill_volume_m3=100e-9, unbound_mol=0.0, nonspecific_mol=0.0, specific_mol=0.0,
+                  cells_per_well=5e4, cell_adhesion='weak')
+CW = dict(rt.WASH_EXAMPLE, dispense_rate=1, travel_rate='6CW', aspirate_z_steps=50, dispense_volume_m3=200e-9)
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.Biotek405tsRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, liquid=TWEEN, prime=True, **plant):
+    h = configured(seed, **plant)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.invoke('buffer.load', bottle='A', liquid_id=liquid, volume_m3=0.008)
+    if prime:
+        h.invoke('prime.run', buffer='A', volume_m3=300e-6, rate=9)
+        run(h)
+    return h
+
+
+def loaded(plate=TEST_PLATE, seed=1, **kw):
+    h = ready(seed, **kw)
+    h.invoke('plate.provide', **plate)
+    h.invoke('plate.load', plate_id=plate['plate_id'])
+    return h
+
+
+def run(h, dt=0.25, tmax=36000.0):
+    t0 = h.t
+    while h.op is not None and h.t - t0 < tmax:
+        h.step(dt)
+    return h
+
+
+def wash(h, **proto):
+    oid = h.invoke('wash.run', protocol=dict(rt.WASH_EXAMPLE, **proto))['operation_id']
+    t0 = h.t
+    run(h)
+    return h.records[h.operations[oid]['record_id']], h.t - t0
+
+
+def check(cid, **detail):
+    CHECKS.append(dict(check=cid, status='passed', **detail))
+
+
+class ContractAndLibraries(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity_and_export(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        self.assertEqual((rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, rt.CATALOG_ID), ('instrument.biotek_405ts', 'CHEM-163'))
+        self.assertEqual(set(m['capabilities']), set(rt.CAPS))
+        self.assertEqual(set(m['state_slots']), set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertTrue(c['errors'], k)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, v in list(rt.EFFECTS.items()) + list(rt.ON_STEP.items()):
+            self.assertTrue(set(v) <= set(rt.SLOTS), k)
+        check('contract_export_consistent')
+
+    def test_template_libraries(self):
+        lib = rt.liquid_lib()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(lib['count'], 50)
+        rho, mu, sig = rt.liquid_props('water', 298.15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rho, 997.05, delta=1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(mu, 0.890e-3, delta=0.02e-3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sig, 0.0720, delta=0.0015)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.liquid_props('pbs_1x', 298.15)[0], 1004.5, delta=1.5)          # 1x PBS density
+        pl = rt.plate_lib()['plates']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pl['costar_3590']['well_bottom_elevation_m'], 0.01435 - 0.01067, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pl['costar_3590']['well_bottom_elevation_m'], rt.ASP_Z_DEFAULT * rt.Z_STEP_M, delta=5e-5)   # the default aspirate height meets the bottom
+        self.assertFalse(pl['costar_3575']['compatible_with_96_tube_single_manifold'])
+        check('template_libraries', water=(rho, mu, sig))
+
+
+class ManufacturerStatements(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_residual_volume_default_and_cell_wash_height(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        rec, dt = wash(h)
+        V = np.array(h.plates['test_plate']['V'])
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertLessEqual(V.mean(), rt.RESIDUAL_SPEC_M3)                   # <= 2 uL/well average after 3 cycles (guide p.105)
+        self.assertGreater(V.mean(), 0.5e-9)
+        self.assertLessEqual(dt, 30.0)                                        # 96-well 300 uL three cycles <= 30 s (workbook)
+        g = loaded()
+        wash(g, aspirate_z_steps=50, dispense_volume_m3=200e-9)
+        V50 = np.array(g.plates['test_plate']['V']).mean()
+        self.assertGreater(V50, 70e-9)
+        self.assertLess(V50, 110e-9)                                          # guide: 50 steps -> approximately 100 uL
+        check('residual_and_timing', residual_uL=V.mean() * 1e9, time_s=dt, residual_50_steps_uL=V50 * 1e9)
+
+    def test_dispense_precision_and_1ul_steps(self):
+        h = loaded(dict(TEST_PLATE, fill_volume_m3=0.0))
+        h.invoke('plate.unload', plate_id='test_plate')
+        h.invoke('plate.provide', **dict(TEST_PLATE, plate_id='empty', fill_volume_m3=0.0, unbound_mol=0.0))
+        h.invoke('plate.load', plate_id='empty')
+        oid = h.invoke('wash.run', protocol=dict(rt.WASH_EXAMPLE, cycles=1, final_aspirate=False, dispense_rate=6))['operation_id']
+        run(h)
+        V = np.array(h.plates['empty']['V'])
+        res = V - 0.0
+        cv = float(res.std() / res.mean())
+        self.assertLess(cv, rt.CV_SPEC)                                       # <= 3 % CV at 300 uL/well, rate 6 (guide)
+        self.assertGreater(cv, 0.005)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('wash.run', protocol=dict(rt.WASH_EXAMPLE, dispense_volume_m3=300.5e-9))
+        check('dispense_precision', cv=cv)
+
+    def test_prime_purity_and_buffer_switching(self):
+        h = ready(liquid='pbs_1x', prime=False)
+        h.invoke('prime.run', buffer='A', volume_m3=rt.PRIME_FOR_CHANGE_M3, rate=9)
+        run(h)
+        purity = h.line.get('pbs_1x', 0.0)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(purity, 0.95)                                 # 300 mL prime -> >= 95 % (guide p.38)
+        h.invoke('buffer.load', bottle='B', liquid_id=TWEEN, volume_m3=0.004)
+        h.invoke('prime.run', buffer='B', volume_m3=rt.MANIFOLD_PRIME_M3, rate=9)
+        run(h)
+        self.assertLess(h.line.get(TWEEN, 0.0), 0.7)                          # a 50 mL manifold prime does not change the buffer
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['primed_m3'], 350e-6, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.waste, 350e-6, delta=1e-12)
+        check('prime_purity', purity=purity)
+
+
+class WashPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_washing_removes_unbound_keeps_specific(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        p = h.plates['test_plate']
+        n0, s0 = float(np.mean(p['unbound'])), float(np.mean(p['spec']))
+        wash(h)
+        self.assertLess(np.mean(p['unbound']) / n0, 2e-3)
+        self.assertGreater(np.mean(p['spec']) / s0, 0.999)
+        g = loaded()
+        wash(g, cycles=1)
+        self.assertGreater(np.mean(g.plates['test_plate']['unbound']), 3 * np.mean(p['unbound']))   # more cycles wash better (desorption floor)
+        k = loaded()
+        wash(k, shake_s=10.0, shake_intensity='fast')
+        tot = lambda q: float(np.mean(q['unbound'] + q['ns']))                                    # shaking desorbs more of the non-specific load
+        self.assertLess(tot(k.plates['test_plate']), tot(p))
+        check('wash_efficiency', unbound_left=float(np.mean(p['unbound']) / n0))
+
+    def test_surfactant_desorbs_nonspecific(self):
+        a, b = loaded(liquid='pbs_1x'), loaded(liquid='pbst_0_05pct_tween20')
+        wash(a, soak_s=30.0)
+        wash(b, soak_s=30.0)
+        self.assertLess(np.mean(b.plates['test_plate']['ns']), np.mean(a.plates['test_plate']['ns']))
+        check('surfactant_desorption')
+
+    def test_liquid_properties_change_the_residual(self):
+        a, b = loaded(liquid='water'), loaded(liquid='glycerol')
+        wash(a)
+        wash(b)
+        self.assertGreater(np.mean(b.plates['test_plate']['V']), 3 * np.mean(a.plates['test_plate']['V']))   # viscous film
+        check('liquid_film', water_uL=float(np.mean(a.plates['test_plate']['V']) * 1e9), glycerol_uL=float(np.mean(b.plates['test_plate']['V']) * 1e9))
+
+    def test_cell_wash_option_protects_the_monolayer(self):
+        h = loaded(CELL_PLATE)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('wash.run', protocol=CW)                                 # cell-wash rates need the option
+        wash(h)
+        std_left = float(np.mean(h.plates['cell_plate']['cells']) / 5e4)
+        g = loaded(CELL_PLATE, cell_wash_installed=True)
+        rec, dt = wash(g, **{k: v for k, v in CW.items() if k != 'buffer'})
+        cw_left = float(np.mean(g.plates['cell_plate']['cells']) / 5e4)
+        self.assertLess(std_left, 0.3)
+        self.assertGreater(cw_left, 0.9)
+        self.assertGreater(np.mean(g.plates['cell_plate']['V']), 50e-9)       # the raised aspirate height keeps a liquid cover
+        check('cell_wash', standard_left=std_left, cell_wash_left=cw_left, time_s=dt)
+
+    def test_overfill_is_skimmed_but_spills_without_vacuum_skim(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        rec, _ = wash(h, dispense_volume_m3=1000e-9, cycles=1, final_aspirate=False)
+        self.assertNotIn('overflow_observed', rec['warnings'])                # tips at 121 steps skim the liquid above the rim
+        pt = rt.plate_lib()['plates']['costar_3590']
+        A = math.pi * pt['mean_well_radius_m'] ** 2
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(h.plates['test_plate']['V']), pt['well_volume_m3'] + A * rt.MENISCUS_M * 0.5 + 1e-12)   # the pinned meniscus up to the tip
+        k = loaded()                                                          # tips 3 mm below the rim: the level stops at the tip (S1)
+        z = int(round((pt['height_m'] - 3e-3) / rt.Z_STEP_M))
+        rec, _ = wash(k, dispense_volume_m3=1000e-9, cycles=1, final_aspirate=False, dispense_z_steps=z)
+        tipz = z * rt.Z_STEP_M
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(k.plates['test_plate']['V'] - A * (tipz - k.plates['test_plate']['wbe'])), 1e-12)
+        c = loaded()                                                          # a blocked aspirate tube cannot skim: its well runs over (S2)
+        c.invoke('fault.inject', fault='aspirate_tube_clog', tube=40, active=True)
+        rec, _ = wash(c, dispense_volume_m3=1000e-9, cycles=1, final_aspirate=False)
+        self.assertIn('overflow_observed', rec['warnings'])
+        self.assertGreater(c.ledger()['overflow_m3'], 0.0)
+        g = loaded()
+        rec, _ = wash(g, dispense_volume_m3=1000e-9, cycles=1, final_aspirate=False, dispense_z_steps=200, vacuum_delay_m3=10e-9)
+        self.assertIn('overflow_observed', rec['warnings'])
+        self.assertGreater(g.ledger()['overflow_m3'], 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.sum(g.plates['test_plate']['contamination'])), 0.0)
+        check('overflow_and_skimming')
+
+    def test_clogged_tubes_and_flow_sensor(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='aspirate_tube_clog', tube=10, active=True)
+        for t in range(12):
+            h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='dispense_tube_clog', tube=20 + t, active=True)
+        rec, _ = wash(h)
+        V = h.plates['test_plate']['V']
+        self.assertGreater(V[10], 200e-9)                                     # the clogged aspirate tube leaves its well full
+        self.assertIn('FLOW_ERROR', rec['alarms'])                           # 12 blocked dispense tubes: > 10 % flow deficit
+        self.assertFalse(h.flow_ok)
+        oid = h.invoke('maintenance.clean_tubes')['operation_id']
+        run(h, dt=10.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.clog_a, h.clog_d), (set(), {}))
+        check('clogs_and_flow_sensor')
+
+    def test_idle_clogging_depends_on_the_liquid_left_in_the_tubes(self):
+        salt, water = ready(liquid='high_salt_1m_nacl'), ready(liquid='water')
+        for h in (salt, water):
+            h.step(3 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertGreater(len(salt.clog_a) + len(salt.clog_d), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(len(water.clog_a) + len(water.clog_d), 0)
+        check('idle_clogging', salt_clogs=len(salt.clog_a) + len(salt.clog_d))
+
+    def test_review_round1_physics(self):
+        a, b = ready(liquid='high_salt_1m_nacl'), ready(liquid='high_salt_1m_nacl')    # idle clogging does not depend on the step size
+        a.step(2 * 86400.0)
+        for _ in range(48):
+            b.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual((a.clog_a, a.clog_d), (b.clog_a, b.clog_d))
+        h = loaded()                                                          # a bottle that runs dry delivers its rest and alarms
+        h.bottles['A']['volume'] = 96 * 300e-9 * 0.5
+        rec, _ = wash(h, cycles=1)
+        self.assertIn('BUFFER_EMPTY', rec['alarms'])
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'failed')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.bottles['A']['volume'], 0.0, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['dispensed_m3'], 96 * 300e-9 * 0.5, delta=1e-12)
+        w = loaded(waste_capacity_m3=0.004)                                   # the plate's liquid must fit into the waste bottles
+        w.waste = 0.9 * 0.004 - 1e-6                                     # sensor not yet tripped, headroom 0.4 mL
+        rec, _ = wash(w, cycles=1)
+        self.assertIn('WASTE_FULL', rec['alarms'])
+        self.assertLessEqual(w.waste, 0.004 + 1e-15)
+        pt = rt.plate_lib()['plates']['costar_3590']                          # the aspirate delay drains the wall film
+        r0 = rt.residual_volume(300e-9, 0.0, pt, 1000.0, 1e-3, 0.072, 4e-3)
+        r1 = rt.residual_volume(300e-9, 0.0, pt, 1000.0, 1e-3, 0.072, 4e-3, 5.0)
+        self.assertLess(r1, r0)
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        for k in ('sensor.vacuum_ok', 'sensor.waste_full', 'sensor.fluid_ok', 'sensor.flow_ok'):
+            self.assertIs(type(s[k]), bool, k)
+        check('review_round1_physics', residual_no_delay_uL=r0 * 1e9, residual_5s_delay_uL=r1 * 1e9)
+
+    def test_review_round2_wash_volume_drips_and_homing(self):
+        left = {}
+        for v in (50e-9, 300e-9, 1000e-9):                                   # more buffer per cycle washes better, near the well-mixed limit
+            h = loaded()
+            n0 = float(np.sum(h.plates['test_plate']['unbound']))
+            wash(h, dispense_volume_m3=v, cycles=1)
+            left[v] = float(np.sum(h.plates['test_plate']['unbound'])) / n0
+        self.assertGreater(left[50e-9], left[300e-9])
+        self.assertGreater(left[300e-9], left[1000e-9])
+        self.assertLess(left[300e-9], 0.05)
+        h = loaded()                                                          # drips are finite and booked
+        wash(h, cycles=1, final_aspirate=False)
+        h.carrier = -rt.CARRIER_TRAVEL_M
+        V0 = float(np.sum(h.plates['test_plate']['V']))
+        h.step(60 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertLessEqual(float(np.sum(h.plates['test_plate']['V'])) - V0, 96 * rt.DROPS_PER_TIP * rt.DROP_M3 + 1e-15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.sum(h.plates['test_plate']['V'])) - V0, h.ledger()['dripped_m3'], delta=1e-15)
+        g = loaded()                                                          # a vacuum fault homes both axes (booked)
+        oid = g.invoke('wash.run', protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE)['operation_id']
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_leak', tube=0, active=True)
+        run(g)
+        self.assertEqual((g.carrier, g.manifold), (0.0, 0.0))
+        self.assertNotIn('buffer.a.volume_m3', g.read('agent'))                    # the bottle level is host truth, not an instrument reading
+        self.assertIn('buffer.a.volume_m3', g.read('evaluator'))
+        check('review_round2', left_50uL=left[50e-9], left_300uL=left[300e-9], left_1000uL=left[1000e-9])
+
+    def test_overflow_neighbours_get_ten_percent_of_what_ran_over(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='aspirate_tube_clog', tube=40, active=True)
+        p = h.plates['test_plate']
+        p['ns'][:] = 0.0                                                         # soluble species only: no desorption during the dispense
+        p['spec'][:] = 0.0
+        n0 = float(p['unbound'][40] + p['contamination'][40])
+        nb = [32, 48, 39, 41]
+        c0 = float(sum(p['contamination'][j] for j in nb))
+        wash(h, dispense_volume_m3=3000e-9, cycles=1, final_aspirate=False)
+        lost = n0 - float(p['unbound'][40] + p['contamination'][40])
+        gained = float(sum(p['contamination'][j] for j in nb)) - c0
+        self.assertGreater(lost, 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(gained, 0.1 * lost, delta=1e-9 * lost)             # 10 % of what ran over the rim reaches the four neighbours
+        check('overflow_neighbour_rule', lost_mol=lost, gained_mol=gained)
+
+    def test_contract_review_manifold_stays_inside_the_joint(self):
+        h = loaded()                                                          # the highest programmable heights keep the manifold at or below the park position
+        oid = h.invoke('wash.run', protocol=dict(rt.WASH_EXAMPLE, cycles=1, dispense_z_steps=250, aspirate_z_steps=250, secondary_aspirate_z_steps=250))['operation_id']
+        zmax = -1.0
+        while h.op is not None:
+            h.step(0.25)
+            zmax = max(zmax, h.manifold)
+        self.assertLessEqual(zmax, 1e-12)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(min(h.manifold, 0.0), -rt.PARK_TIP_M)
+        check('manifold_inside_joint', z_max_m=zmax)
+
+    def test_review_round3_overflow_drips_and_waste_reading(self):
+        c = loaded()                                                          # drops onto a full well run over and are booked
+        c.invoke('fault.inject', fault='aspirate_tube_clog', tube=40, active=True)
+        wash(c, dispense_volume_m3=1000e-9, cycles=1, final_aspirate=False)
+        c.carrier = -rt.CARRIER_TRAVEL_M
+        o0, cont0 = c.ledger()['overflow_m3'], float(np.sum(c.plates['test_plate']['contamination']))
+        c.step(30 * 86400.0)
+        pt = rt.plate_lib()['plates']['costar_3590']
+        cap = pt['well_volume_m3'] + math.pi * pt['mean_well_radius_m'] ** 2 * rt.MENISCUS_M * 0.5
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(c.plates['test_plate']['V']), cap + 1e-15)
+        self.assertGreater(c.ledger()['overflow_m3'], o0)
+        d = loaded()                                                          # clean drops add no analyte to wells that do not run over
+        wash(d, cycles=1)
+        d.carrier = -rt.CARRIER_TRAVEL_M
+        cd0, v0 = float(np.sum(d.plates['test_plate']['contamination'])), float(np.sum(d.plates['test_plate']['V']))
+        d.step(30 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.sum(d.plates['test_plate']['V'])), v0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.sum(d.plates['test_plate']['contamination'])), cd0, delta=1e-30 + 1e-12 * cd0)
+        big = {}
+        for v in (1000e-9, 3000e-9):                                          # a larger skimmed overfill washes out more (continuous overflow)
+            k = loaded()
+            k.plates['test_plate']['ns'][:] = 0.0                            # soluble species only (no desorption floor)
+            k.plates['test_plate']['spec'][:] = 0.0
+            n0 = float(np.sum(k.plates['test_plate']['unbound']))
+            wash(k, dispense_volume_m3=v, cycles=1)
+            big[v] = float(np.sum(k.plates['test_plate']['unbound'])) / n0
+        self.assertLess(big[3000e-9], 0.5 * big[1000e-9])
+        w = loaded()
+        wash(w)
+        out = w.invoke('waste.empty')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['emptied_m3'] / 50e-6, round(out['emptied_m3'] / 50e-6), delta=1e-9)   # read on 50 mL graduations
+        check('review_round3', skim_1000uL=big[1000e-9], skim_3000uL=big[3000e-9])
+
+    def test_sensors_and_failures(self):
+        h = loaded(waste_capacity_m3=0.004)
+        h.waste = 0.0037
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('wash.run', protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE)                    # waste sensor
+        h.invoke('waste.empty')
+        g = loaded()
+        g.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, vacuum_pump=False))  # pump unplugged from the accessory outlet
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            g.invoke('wash.run', protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE)                    # vacuum sensor
+        k = loaded()
+        oid = k.invoke('wash.run', protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE)['operation_id']
+        k.step(6.0)
+        k.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_leak', tube=None, active=True)
+        run(k)
+        r = k.records[k.operations[oid]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'failed')
+        self.assertIn('VACUUM_LOW', r['alarms'])
+        self.assertEqual(k.manifold, 0.0)
+        m = loaded()
+        m.bottles['A']['volume'] = 0.0
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            m.invoke('wash.run', protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE)                    # fluid sensor
+        check('sensors')
+
+    def test_long_soak_sends_the_carrier_home(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        oid = h.invoke('wash.run', protocol=dict(rt.WASH_EXAMPLE, cycles=1, soak_s=120.0))['operation_id']
+        seen = []
+        while h.op is not None:
+            h.step(0.5)
+            seen.append((h.phase, h.carrier))
+        self.assertIn(('soak', 0.0), seen)                                   # > 1 min: carrier home, no drips (guide p.46)
+        g = loaded()
+        g.invoke('wash.run', protocol=dict(rt.WASH_EXAMPLE, cycles=1, soak_s=30.0))
+        s2 = []
+        while g.op is not None:
+            g.step(0.5)
+            s2.append((g.phase, g.carrier))
+        self.assertIn(('soak', -rt.CARRIER_TRAVEL_M), s2)
+        check('carrier_home_for_long_soaks')
+
+
+class HostClockConservationSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_describe_pure_and_time(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        v0, t0 = h.read('evaluator'), h.t
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        h.session('ag').describe(instance_id=INST)
+        h.session('ag').read(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(v0, sort_keys=True))
+        oid = h.invoke('wash.run', protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE)['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(h.t, t0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[oid]['phase'], 'running')
+        h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(h.carrier, -rt.CARRIER_TRAVEL_M)
+        run(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[oid]['phase'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual((h.carrier, h.manifold), (0.0, 0.0))
+        check('host_clock')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independent(self):
+        a, b = loaded(seed=3), loaded(seed=3)
+        for h in (a, b):
+            h.invoke('wash.run', protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE)
+        a.step(100.0)
+        for _ in range(400):
+            b.step(0.25)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str), json.dumps(b.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], b.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], delta=1e-6)
+        check('step_partition')
+
+    def test_volume_and_energy_conservation(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        bottle0 = h.bottles['A']['volume']
+        wells0 = float(np.sum(h.plates['test_plate']['V']))
+        waste0 = h.waste
+        wash(h)
+        L = h.ledger()
+        wells1 = float(np.sum(h.plates['test_plate']['V']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bottle0 - h.bottles['A']['volume'], L['dispensed_m3'] + L['dripped_m3'], delta=1e-12)     # drawn = delivered + drips
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(wells0 + L['dispensed_m3'] + L['dripped_m3'] - (h.waste - waste0) - L['overflow_m3'], wells1, delta=1e-12)   # the prime went to the trough before
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['aspirated_m3'] + L['primed_m3'], L['waste_added_m3'], delta=1e-12)
+        e0 = h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j']
+        h.step(100.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'] - e0, rt.IDLE_W * 100.0, delta=1e-6)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        e1 = h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j']
+        h.step(50.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], e1)
+        check('conservation')
+
+    def test_rejections_leave_state_unchanged(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        v0 = json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str)
+        for cap, args in [('plate.load', dict(plate_id='test_plate')), ('plate.provide', dict(TEST_PLATE, plate_type='costar_3575', plate_id='x')),
+                          ('prime.run', dict(buffer='A', volume_m3=50e-6, rate=9)), ('wash.run', dict(protocol=dict(rt.WASH_EXAMPLE, buffer='C'))),
+                          ('buffer.load', dict(bottle='A', liquid_id='nope', volume_m3=0.001)), ('plate.unload', dict(plate_id='nope'))]:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(cap, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str), v0)
+        check('rejections_pure')
+
+    def test_cancellation(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('ag')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='wash.run', arguments=dict(protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE), request_id='w')
+        h.step(12.0)
+        done = h.records['WS0001']['cycles_done']
+        s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records['WS0001']['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual((h.carrier, h.manifold, h.op), (0.0, 0.0, None))
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(done, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['status'], 'cancelled')
+        check('cancellation')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = loaded(), loaded()
+        wash(a)
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(b.records), ['PR0001'])
+        self.assertEqual(b.ledger()['cycles'], 0.0)
+        check('isolation')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation_and_idempotence(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        s1, s2, e = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2'), h.session('ev')
+        obs = s1.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        self.assertIn('truth.residual_m3', e.read(instance_id=INST)['observations'])
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='plate.inspect', arguments=dict(plate_id='test_plate'), request_id='i')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r1 = s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='wash.run', arguments=dict(protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE), request_id='w')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='wash.run', arguments=dict(protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE), request_id='w'), r1)
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='waste.empty', arguments={}, request_id='w')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='buffer.load', arguments=dict(bottle='B', liquid_id='water', volume_m3=0.001),
+                                   request_id='b')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        run(h)
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='r')['result']['records'], ['PR0001'])   # the host's own prime has no owner
+        self.assertEqual(s1.poll(r1['operation_id'])['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'], 'WS0001')
+        check('truth_isolation_idempotence')
+
+    def test_switch_record_ledger_and_clock(self):
+        h = configured()
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('power.press_switch')['enabled'])
+        self.assertFalse(h.invoke('power.press_switch')['enabled'])
+        g = loaded()
+        rec, _ = wash(g, cycles=2)
+        r = g.invoke('measurement.result', record_id=rec['record_id'])
+        self.assertEqual((r['kind'], r['cycles_done'], r['status']), ('wash', 2, 'completed'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['programmed_dispense_m3'], 2 * 96 * 300e-9, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertNotIn('_dispensed_m3', r)
+        L = g.invoke('ledger.read')['ledger']
+        self.assertEqual(L['cycles'], 2.0)
+        t = g.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=12.5)['time_s']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t, g.t, delta=0.0)
+        check('switch_record_ledger_clock')
+
+    def test_queries_and_unsupported(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        wash(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.list')['records'], ['PR0001', 'WS0001'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('log.read')['entries'][-1]['cycles_done'], 3)
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'])
+        p = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual(len(p['libraries']), 2)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(p['libraries'][0]['count'], 50)
+        ins = h.invoke('plate.inspect', plate_id='test_plate')
+        self.assertEqual(len(ins['volume_m3']), 96)
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(k)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id='nope')
+        check('queries')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects over scenario states
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return rt.Biotek405tsRuntime()
+    if name == 'off':
+        return configured()
+    if name == 'ready':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('plate.provide', **TEST_PLATE)
+        h.invoke('plate.provide', **CELL_PLATE)
+        return h
+    if name == 'loaded':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('plate.load', plate_id='test_plate')
+        return h
+    if name == 'washing':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('wash.run', protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'priming':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('prime.run', buffer='A', volume_m3=50e-6, rate=9)
+        h.step(0.2)
+        return h
+    if name == 'cleaning':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('maintenance.clean_tubes')
+        return h
+    if name == 'washed':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        wash(h)
+        return h
+    if name == 'vacuum_fault':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_leak', tube=None, active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'mains_fault':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0))
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'ready', 'loaded', 'washing', 'priming', 'cleaning', 'washed', 'vacuum_fault', 'mains_fault']
+STEP_DTS = (0.02, 1.0, 5.0, 60.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, vacuum_pump=False)],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_switch': [{}],
+        'buffer.load': [dict(bottle='B', liquid_id='water', volume_m3=0.002), dict(bottle='A', liquid_id='pbs_1x', volume_m3=0.004)], 'waste.empty': [{}],
+        'plate.provide': [dict(TEST_PLATE, plate_id='new')], 'plate.load': [dict(plate_id='test_plate'), dict(plate_id='cell_plate')],
+        'plate.unload': [dict(plate_id='test_plate')], 'prime.run': [dict(buffer='A', volume_m3=20e-6, rate=9)],
+        'wash.run': [dict(protocol=rt.WASH_EXAMPLE), dict(protocol=dict(rt.WASH_EXAMPLE, cycles=1, soak_s=5.0, shake_s=3.0, bottom_wash=True))],
+        'maintenance.clean_tubes': [{}],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, tube=3, active=True) for f in ('vacuum_leak', 'buffer_line_air', 'dispense_tube_clog', 'aspirate_tube_clog', 'waste_sensor_stuck', 'power_loss')]
+                        + [dict(fault=f, tube=3, active=False) for f in ('vacuum_leak', 'dispense_tube_clog')],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 128:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] not in ('query', 'analysis')
+
+
+class ZDeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        check('declared_effects_scenarios')
+
+    def test_every_device_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'}) for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_bmg_clariostarplus.py b/tests/test_asset_bmg_clariostarplus.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43ad05815c5964be9ccc942448ea96f14bd260c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_bmg_clariostarplus.py
@@ -0,0 +1,780 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-173 bmg_clariostarplus (BMG LABTECH CLARIOstar Plus multi-mode microplate reader): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_bmg_clariostarplus.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation and foreign-agent ownership of plates and
+samples; idempotent request ids; two instances isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output
+validated against its schema and every success changes only declared slots; ANSI/SLAS well positions; Beer-Lambert linearity with the well path
+length and the 1 cm path-length correction; 0-4 OD range with stray-light saturation; photometric precision at 1 and 2 OD; polystyrene UV cut-off
+vs UV-transparent plates; absorbance spectrum maximum; documented read times (8 / 15 / 28 s flying, 19 / 57 / 184 s with 10 flashes);
+fluorescence linearity over decades (EDR), inner filter, focus, bottom vs top, bandwidth overlap, fixed-gain overflow and auto gain;
+fluorescence polarisation binding curve and precision; ATP luminescence (glow decay, flash after injection); injectors (prime, back-flush, clog,
+consumption); incubation and Arrhenius kinetics; evaporation (edge, seal); kinetic cycle budget; drawer / lid interlocks; MARS-like analysis
+(standard curve, Z'); power cycle; events, provenance and ledger."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import bmg_clariostarplus as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'bmg_clariostarplus_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+FL = 'fluorescein_in_basic_ethanol'
+RB = 'rhodamine_b_in_ethanol'
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return x != y
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, room=295.15, mains=230.0, instance=INST):
+        self.h = rt.BmgClariostarplusRuntime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=room, mains_voltage_v=mains, noise_seed=seed)
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        """Instrumented call: outputs validated against the declared schema; a success changes only declared immediate slots and never the clock;
+        a rejection leaves every slot unchanged and returns a declared error code."""
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_bmg_clariostarplus_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def on(self, kits=True):
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.step(rt.ENG['initialisation_s'] + 0.5)
+        if kits:
+            for k in rt.KITS:
+                self.call(self.E, 'kit.provide', kit=k, volume_m3=1e-3)
+
+    def provide(self, sid, comp, volume=1e-4, **kw):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sample.provide', sample_id=sid, volume_m3=volume, composition=comp, **kw)
+
+    def plate(self, pid='p', fmt='96', ptype='clear'):
+        self.call(self.A, 'plate.prepare', plate_id=pid, format=fmt, type=ptype)
+        return pid
+
+    def fill(self, pid, wells, source, volume, diluent=None, total=None):
+        if volume > 0:
+            self.call(self.A, 'well.dispense', plate_id=pid, wells=wells, source_id=source, volume_m3=volume)
+        if diluent and total and total - volume > 1e-12:
+            self.call(self.A, 'well.dispense', plate_id=pid, wells=wells, source_id=diluent, volume_m3=total - volume)
+
+    def load(self, pid):
+        self.call(self.A, 'drawer.set', open=True)
+        self.step(rt.ENG['carrier_motion_s'] + 0.2)
+        self.call(self.A, 'plate.load', plate_id=pid)
+        self.call(self.A, 'drawer.set', open=False)
+        self.step(rt.ENG['carrier_motion_s'] + 0.2)
+
+    def unload(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'drawer.set', open=True)
+        self.step(rt.ENG['carrier_motion_s'] + 0.2)
+        return self.call(self.A, 'plate.unload')
+
+    def measure(self, **protocol):
+        self.call(self.A, 'protocol.configure', **protocol)
+        out = self.call(self.A, 'run.start')
+        for _ in range(100000):
+            if self.read('run.status')['state'] != 'running':
+                break
+            self.step(1.0)
+        return out, self.call(self.A, 'data.read')
+
+    def values(self, data, wl=None):
+        out = {}
+        for r in data['rows']:
+            if wl is None or r['wavelength_m'] == wl:
+                out.setdefault(r['well'], []).append(r['value'])
+        return {k: v[-1] for k, v in out.items()}
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\n    _NOCOPY)', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    module_level = set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", src[:src.index('class BmgClariostarplusRuntime')]))
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        if 'expand_wells(' in funcs[k] or '_cmd_well' in k:
+            codes |= {'INVALID_WELL'} & module_level
+        out[k[5:].replace('_', '.', 1)] = codes
+    return out
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_and_mirrors_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_bmg_clariostarplus_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                self.assertTrue(set(pre['state_ids']) <= slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+            self.assertIn(c['kind'], ('query', 'device_command', 'robot_skill', 'simulation', 'analysis', 'configuration'))
+            self.assertIn(c['model_effects']['mode'], ('none', 'direct', 'coupled', 'host_required'))
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for name, p in meta['mechanisms']['microplate_reader_process']['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_bmg_clariostarplus_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            if cap not in meta['capabilities']:
+                cap = next(k for k in meta['capabilities'] if k.replace('.', '_') == cap.replace('.', '_'))
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        d = g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            g.A.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['truth.plates'])
+        for cap, args in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)), ('kit.provide', dict(kit='water')),
+                          ('sample.provide', dict(sample_id='x', volume_m3=1e-5, composition={}))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x-' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', cap)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='lamp_aging', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] == 'fault' for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+
+    def test_foreign_agent_ownership(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.h.register_principal('agent2', 'agent')
+        B = g.h.session('agent2')
+        g.on()
+        g.plate('mine')
+        g.fill('mine', ['A1'], 'water', 1e-7)
+        for cap, args in (('well.dispense', dict(plate_id='mine', wells=['A2'], source_id='water', volume_m3=1e-7)), ('plate.seal', dict(plate_id='mine', sealed=True))):
+            r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='b-' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', cap)
+        self.assertNotIn('mine', B.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['plates.available'])['observations']['plates.available']['value'])
+        g.load('mine')
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='run.start', arguments={}, request_id='b-run')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='plate.prepare', arguments=dict(plate_id='theirs', format='384', type='black'), request_id='b-own')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='plate.prepare', arguments=dict(plate_id='mine', format='96', type='clear'), request_id='b-same-id')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertIn('ACCESS_DENIED', [e['code'] for e in rt.export_bmg_clariostarplus_contract_metadata()['capabilities']['plate.prepare']['errors']])
+        g.call(g.A, 'protocol.configure', mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1'], wavelengths_m=[450e-9])
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start')
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='run.stop', arguments={}, request_id='b-stop')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.status')['state'], 'running')
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.plate('p')
+        args = dict(plate_id='p', wells=['A1'], source_id='water', volume_m3=1e-7)
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='well.dispense', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        snap = g.h.read('evaluator')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='well.dispense', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(snap, sort_keys=True, default=str), json.dumps(g.h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='well.dispense', arguments=dict(args, wells=['A2']), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='r_a'), Rig(instance='r_b', room=298.15)
+        a.call(a.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+        r = a.A.invoke(instance_id='r_b', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='z')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        def run(steps):
+            g = Rig(seed=5)
+            g.on()
+            g.call(g.A, 'incubator.set', temperature_k=310.15)
+            g.provide('rx', {FL: 0.0, RB: 1e-3}, reactions=[dict(source=RB, product=FL, k_per_s=2e-3, ea_j_mol=5e4)])
+            g.plate('p')
+            g.fill('p', ['A1:A6'], 'rx', 1e-7)
+            g.load('p')
+            for s in steps:
+                g.step(s)
+            r = g.read()
+            return r['chamber.temperature_k'], json.dumps(r['truth.plates'], sort_keys=True)
+        a = run([1200.0])
+        b = run([0.05] * 400 + [0.37, 13.11, 1166.52])
+        c = run([40.0] * 30)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a, c)
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r = rt.BmgClariostarplusRuntime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', room_k=295.15, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'drawer.set', expect='POWER_OFF', open=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'sample.provide', expect='UNKNOWN_SPECIES', sample_id='s', volume_m3=1e-5, composition={'unobtainium': 1.0})
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'drawer.set', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'plate.load', expect='UNKNOWN_PLATE', plate_id='nope')
+        g.plate('p')
+        g.call(g.A, 'plate.prepare', expect='PLATE_EXISTS', plate_id='p', format='96', type='clear')
+        g.call(g.A, 'well.dispense', expect='INVALID_WELL', plate_id='p', wells=['Q1'], source_id='water', volume_m3=1e-7)
+        g.call(g.A, 'well.dispense', expect='UNKNOWN_ITEM', plate_id='p', wells=['A1'], source_id='nope', volume_m3=1e-7)
+        g.call(g.A, 'well.dispense', expect='WELL_OVERFLOW', plate_id='p', wells=['A1'], source_id='water', volume_m3=1e-5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'plate.load', expect='DRAWER_CLOSED', plate_id='p')
+        g.step(3.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'plate.unload', expect='CARRIER_EMPTY')
+        g.call(g.A, 'plate.load', plate_id='p')
+        g.call(g.A, 'well.dispense', expect='PLATE_IN_READER', plate_id='p', wells=['A1'], source_id='water', volume_m3=1e-7)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', expect='DRAWER_OPEN')
+        g.call(g.A, 'drawer.set', open=False)
+        g.step(3.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', expect='NO_PROTOCOL')
+        g.call(g.A, 'protocol.configure', expect='MISSING_SETTING', mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'protocol.configure', expect='BANDWIDTH_OVERLAP', mode='fi_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1'], excitation_m=485e-9, emission_m=495e-9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'protocol.configure', expect='WAVELENGTH_OUT_OF_RANGE', mode='fi_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1'], excitation_m=250e-9, emission_m=520e-9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'protocol.configure', expect='CYCLE_TOO_SHORT', mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['all'], wavelengths_m=[4.5e-7], cycles=5, cycle_time_s=5.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'protocol.configure', mode='abs_endpoint', format='384', wells=['A1'], wavelengths_m=[4.5e-7])
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', expect='FORMAT_MISMATCH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'focus.adjust', expect='EMPTY_WELL', well='A1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'incubator.set', expect='TEMPERATURE_TOO_LOW', temperature_k=296.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.load_reagent', expect='LID_CLOSED', pump='A', source_id='water', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.prime', expect='NO_REAGENT', pump='A', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', expect='LID_OPEN')
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.load_reagent', pump='A', source_id='water', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.load_reagent', expect='REAGENT_MISMATCH', pump='A', source_id='pbs_buffer', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.stop', expect='NO_RUN')
+        g.call(g.A, 'data.spectrum', expect='NO_DATA', well='A1')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='injector_clog', active=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=295.15, mains_voltage_v=180.0, noise_seed=1)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('power.on'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', expect='MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE', on=True)
+
+
+def _rb_conc(od, vol=2e-7, area=3.2e-5):
+    l = vol / area - rt.ENG['meniscus_m']
+    return (od - 0.045) / (rt.eps_at(RB, 543e-9) * l)
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_slas_well_positions(self):
+        x, y = rt.well_xy('96', 'A1')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(x, 0.01438)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(y, 0.01124)
+        x2, y2 = rt.well_xy('96', 'H12')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(x2 - x, 11 * 0.009)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(y2 - y, 7 * 0.009)
+        self.assertEqual(len(rt.well_names('384')), 384)
+        self.assertEqual(rt.well_names('1536')[-1], 'AF48')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.well_xy('384', 'B2')[0] - rt.well_xy('384', 'B1')[0], 0.0045)
+        self.assertEqual(rt.expand_wells('96', ['A1:B2']), ['A1', 'A2', 'B1', 'B2'])
+
+    def test_beer_lambert_linearity_and_pathlength_correction(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=11)
+        g.on()
+        g.provide('rb', {RB: _rb_conc(2.0)})
+        g.plate('p')
+        fr = [0.0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]
+        for j, f in enumerate(fr):
+            g.fill('p', [f'A{j + 1}'], 'rb', 2e-7 * f, 'water', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:A6'], wavelengths_m=[543e-9], flashes=22)
+        v = g.values(d)
+        a = [v[f'A{j + 1}'] - v['A1'] for j in range(6)]
+        for f, x in zip(fr[1:], a[1:]):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(x / (f * a[-1]), 1.0, delta=0.025)            # photometric noise of two reads
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['A6'], 2.0, delta=0.04)                       # accuracy < 1 % at 2 OD (+ noise)
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A6'], wavelengths_m=[543e-9], flashes=22, pathlength_correction=True)
+        r = d['rows'][0]
+        self.assertIn('PATHLENGTH_CORRECTED_1CM', r['flags'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['value'] / (rt.eps_at(RB, 543e-9) * _rb_conc(2.0) * 0.01), 1.0, delta=0.04)
+
+    def test_od_range_and_precision(self):
+        res = {}
+        for od in (1.0, 2.0):
+            g = Rig(seed=12 + int(od))
+            g.on()
+            g.provide('rb', {RB: _rb_conc(od)})
+            g.plate('p')
+            g.fill('p', ['A1:A12'], 'rb', 2e-7)
+            g.load('p')
+            _, d = g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:A12'], wavelengths_m=[543e-9], flashes=22)
+            v = list(g.values(d).values())
+            m = sum(v) / len(v)
+            sd = math.sqrt(sum((x - m) ** 2 for x in v) / (len(v) - 1))
+            res[od] = sd / m
+        self.assertLess(res[1.0], 0.005)
+        self.assertLess(res[2.0], 0.008)
+        g = Rig(seed=14)
+        g.on()
+        g.provide('rb', {RB: _rb_conc(6.0)})
+        g.plate('p')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1'], 'rb', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1'], wavelengths_m=[543e-9])
+        self.assertIn('OUT_OF_RANGE', d['rows'][0]['flags'])
+        self.assertLess(d['rows'][0]['value'], 5.4)                            # stray light (1e-5) caps the reading near 5 OD
+
+    def test_polystyrene_uv_cutoff_and_uv_plate(self):
+        out = {}
+        for ptype in ('clear', 'uv_transparent'):
+            g = Rig(seed=15)
+            g.on()
+            g.plate('p', '96', ptype)
+            g.fill('p', ['A1'], 'water', 2e-7)
+            g.load('p')
+            _, d = g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1'], wavelengths_m=[260e-9])
+            out[ptype] = d['rows'][0]['value']
+        self.assertGreater(out['clear'], 1.0)
+        self.assertLess(out['uv_transparent'], 0.2)
+
+    def test_absorbance_spectrum_maximum(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=16)
+        g.on()
+        g.provide('rb', {RB: _rb_conc(1.0)})
+        g.plate('p')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1'], 'rb', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        g.measure(mode='abs_spectrum', format='96', wells=['A1'], spectrum_range_m=[400e-9, 650e-9], resolution_m=2e-9)
+        s = g.call(g.A, 'data.spectrum', well='A1')
+        k = max(range(len(s['value'])), key=lambda i: s['value'][i])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(s['wavelength_m'][k], rt.spectra()[RB]['lambda_max_m'], delta=4e-9)
+
+    def test_documented_read_times(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=17)
+        g.on()
+        for fmt, t1, t10 in (('96', 8.0, 19.0), ('384', 15.0, 57.0), ('1536', 28.0, 184.0)):
+            for n, ref in ((1, t1), (10, t10)):
+                out = g.call(g.A, 'protocol.configure', mode='abs_endpoint', format=fmt, wells=['all'], wavelengths_m=[4.5e-7], flashes=n)
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(out['plate_read_time_s'] - rt.ENG['read_overhead_s'], ref, places=6)
+
+    def test_fluorescence_linearity_inner_filter_and_focus(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=18)
+        g.on()
+        g.plate('p', '96', 'black')
+        concs = [1e-6, 1e-5, 1e-4, 1e-3, 3e-2]
+        for j, c in enumerate(concs):
+            g.provide(f's{j}', {FL: c})
+            g.fill('p', [f'A{j + 1}'], f's{j}', 2e-7)
+        g.fill('p', ['B1:B4'], 'pbs_buffer', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        prot = dict(mode='fi_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:A5', 'B1:B4'], excitation_m=485e-9, emission_m=528e-9, excitation_bandwidth_m=10e-9, emission_bandwidth_m=20e-9)
+        _, d0 = g.measure(**dict(prot, focal_height_m=0.0005))
+        g.call(g.A, 'focus.adjust', well='A3')
+        g.step(rt.ENG['focus_scan_s'] + 0.2)
+        _, d = g.measure(**prot)
+        v, v0 = g.values(d), g.values(d0)
+        blank = sum(v[f'B{i}'] for i in range(1, 5)) / 4
+        r = [(v[f'A{j + 1}'] - blank) / concs[j] for j in range(4)]
+        for x in r[1:]:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(x / r[1], 1.0, delta=0.05)                  # linear over three decades (EDR)
+        self.assertLess((v['A5'] - blank) / concs[4], 0.7 * r[2])             # inner filter at high absorbance
+        self.assertGreater(v['A4'], 1.5 * v0['A4'])                            # autofocus beats a bad focal height
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('focus.height_m') * 1e4, round(g.read('focus.height_m') * 1e4), places=6)
+
+    def test_fixed_gain_overflow_and_auto_gain(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=19)
+        g.on()
+        g.provide('f', {FL: 1e-3})
+        g.plate('p', '96', 'black')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1:A2'], 'f', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        prot = dict(mode='fi_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:A2'], excitation_m=485e-9, emission_m=528e-9, gain=4000)
+        _, d = g.measure(**prot)
+        self.assertIn('OVERFLOW', d['rows'][0]['flags'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'protocol.configure', **dict(prot, gain=1000))
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'gain.adjust', well='A1', target_fraction=0.5)
+        g.step(2.5)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('protocol.current')['gain'], out['gain'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        v = g.call(g.A, 'data.read')['rows'][0]['value']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v / rt.ENG['counts_full_scale'], 0.5, delta=0.05)
+
+    def test_bottom_reading_lower_signal(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=20)
+        g.on()
+        g.provide('f', {FL: 1e-4})
+        out = {}
+        for ptype in ('black_clear_bottom', 'black'):
+            g.plate(ptype, '96', ptype)
+            g.fill(ptype, ['A1'], 'f', 2e-7)
+            g.load(ptype)
+            _, d = g.measure(mode='fi_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1'], excitation_m=485e-9, emission_m=528e-9, optic='bottom')
+            out[ptype] = d['rows'][0]['value']
+            g.unload()
+        self.assertGreater(out['black_clear_bottom'], 10 * out['black'])
+
+    def test_fp_binding_curve(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=21)
+        g.on()
+        g.plate('p', '384', 'black')
+        rec = [0.0, 1e-5, 1e-4, 1e-3, 1e-2]
+        for j, r in enumerate(rec):
+            g.provide(f't{j}', {FL: 1e-6}, binding=dict(tracer=FL, receptor_mol_m3=r, kd_mol_m3=1e-4))
+            g.fill('p', [f'A{j + 1}'], f't{j}', 2e-8)
+        g.load('p')
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='fp_endpoint', format='384', wells=['A1:A5'], excitation_m=482e-9, emission_m=530e-9, excitation_bandwidth_m=16e-9, emission_bandwidth_m=30e-9)
+        v = [g.values(d)[f'A{j + 1}'] for j in range(5)]
+        self.assertTrue(all(b > a for a, b in zip(v, v[1:])), v)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v[0], 1000 * 3 * 0.02 / 2.02, delta=2.0)
+        f_mid = (v[2] - v[0]) / (v[4] - v[0])
+        self.assertTrue(0.3 < f_mid < 0.7, f_mid)                              # half-bound near receptor = Kd
+
+    def test_luminescence_glow_and_flash_injection(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=22)
+        g.on()
+        g.provide('atp', {'atp': 1e-4})
+        g.plate('p', '96', 'white')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1:A3'], 'atp', 5e-8)
+        g.fill('p', ['A1:A2'], 'glow_luciferase_reagent', 5e-8)
+        g.load('p')
+        _, d1 = g.measure(mode='lum_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:A3'], integration_s=1.0)
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        _, d2 = g.measure(mode='lum_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:A3'], integration_s=1.0)
+        a1, a2 = g.values(d1), g.values(d2)
+        self.assertGreater(a1['A1'], 1000 * abs(a1['A3']) + 1e4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a2['A1'] / a1['A1'], math.exp(-3600.0 / rt.ENG['glow_decay_s']), delta=0.03)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.load_reagent', pump='B', source_id='flash_luciferase_reagent', volume_m3=5e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'protocol.configure', mode='lum_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A3'], integration_s=0.5, cycles=12, cycle_time_s=2.0,
+               injections=[dict(pump='B', volume_m3=5e-8, cycle=2)])
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', expect='INJECTOR_NOT_PRIMED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.prime', pump='B', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.step(4.0)
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='lum_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A3'], integration_s=0.5, cycles=12, cycle_time_s=2.0, injections=[dict(pump='B', volume_m3=5e-8, cycle=2)])
+        v = [r['value'] for r in d['rows']]
+        k = max(range(len(v)), key=lambda i: v[i])
+        self.assertIn(k, (1, 2, 3))
+        self.assertLess(v[-1], 0.5 * v[k])                                       # flash kinetics decay
+        led = g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['injected_m3'], 5e-8, delta=1e-12)
+
+    def test_injector_backflush_and_clog(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=23)
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.load_reagent', pump='A', source_id='water', volume_m3=5e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.prime', pump='A', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.backflush', expect='BUSY', pump='A')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('injectors.status')['A']['primed'])
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'injector.backflush', pump='A')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['returned_m3'], rt.ENG['line_volume_m3'])
+        g.step(3.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='injector_clog', active=True, pump='A')
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.prime', expect='INJECTOR_BLOCKED', pump='A', volume_m3=1e-6)
+
+    def test_incubation_and_arrhenius_kinetics(self):
+        def rate(T):
+            g = Rig(seed=24)
+            g.on()
+            if T:
+                g.call(g.A, 'incubator.set', temperature_k=T)
+            g.provide('rx', {RB: 1e-3}, reactions=[dict(source=RB, product=FL, k_per_s=1e-4, ea_j_mol=5e4)])
+            g.plate('p', '96', 'clear')
+            g.fill('p', ['A1'], 'rx', 2e-7)
+            g.load('p')
+            g.step(3600.0)
+            tp = g.read('truth.plates')['p']
+            c = tp['wells']['A1']['conc_mol_m3']
+            return g.read('chamber.temperature_k'), c.get(FL, 0.0) / (c.get(FL, 0.0) + c.get(RB, 0.0))
+        T0, f0 = rate(None)
+        T1, f1 = rate(310.15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(T1, 310.15, delta=0.3)
+        self.assertGreater(f1, f0 * 1.3)                                         # Ea 50 kJ/mol: about 2.2 x faster at 37 C (plate warm-up included)
+
+    def test_evaporation_edge_and_seal(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=25)
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'incubator.set', temperature_k=310.15)
+        g.plate('o', '96', 'clear')
+        g.plate('s', '96', 'clear')
+        for pid in ('o', 's'):
+            g.fill(pid, ['all'], 'water', 2e-7)
+        g.call(g.A, 'plate.seal', plate_id='s', sealed=True)
+        g.load('o')
+        g.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        w = g.read('truth.plates')
+        lost_edge = 2e-7 - w['o']['wells']['A1']['volume_m3']
+        lost_mid = 2e-7 - w['o']['wells']['D6']['volume_m3']
+        lost_sealed = 2e-7 - w['s']['wells']['D6']['volume_m3']
+        self.assertGreater(lost_edge, 1.5 * lost_mid)
+        self.assertLess(lost_sealed, 0.1 * lost_mid)
+
+    def test_injection_triggered_reaction_kinetics(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=26)
+        g.on()
+        g.provide('sub', {RB: 1e-3}, reactions=[dict(source=RB, product=FL, k_per_s=0.02, trigger='atp')])
+        g.provide('trig', {'atp': 1e-1})
+        g.plate('p', '96', 'clear')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1'], 'sub', 1.5e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.load_reagent', pump='A', source_id='trig', volume_m3=5e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.prime', pump='A', volume_m3=5e-7)
+        g.step(3.0)
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1'], wavelengths_m=[543e-9], cycles=20, cycle_time_s=10.0,
+                         injections=[dict(pump='A', volume_m3=5e-8, cycle=3)], shake=dict(mode='orbital', duration_s=2.0, before_each_cycle=False))
+        v = [r['value'] for r in d['rows']]
+        self.assertLess(abs(v[1] - v[0]), 0.03)                                 # nothing before the injection
+        self.assertLess(v[-1], 0.6 * v[2])                                      # the dye is consumed after the trigger arrives
+
+    def test_analysis_standard_curve_and_z_prime(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=27)
+        g.on()
+        g.plate('p', '96', 'black')
+        stds = {}
+        for j, c in enumerate([0.0, 1e-5, 2e-5, 5e-5, 1e-4]):
+            if c:
+                g.provide(f'c{j}', {FL: c})
+                g.fill('p', [f'A{j + 1}'], f'c{j}', 2e-7)
+            else:
+                g.fill('p', [f'A{j + 1}'], 'pbs_buffer', 2e-7)
+            stds[f'A{j + 1}'] = c
+        g.provide('pos', {FL: 8e-5})
+        g.fill('p', ['B1:B8'], 'pos', 2e-7)
+        g.fill('p', ['C1:C8'], 'pbs_buffer', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        g.measure(mode='fi_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:C8'], excitation_m=485e-9, emission_m=528e-9)
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'data.analyze', blank_wells=['C1:C8'], standards=stds, fit='linear', positive_wells=['B1:B8'], negative_wells=['C1:C8'])
+        self.assertGreater(out['fit']['r2'], 0.999)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['concentrations']['B4'] / 8e-5, 1.0, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertGreater(out['z_prime'], 0.8)
+        out4 = g.call(g.A, 'data.analyze', standards=stds, fit='4pl')
+        self.assertEqual(out4['fit']['model'], '4pl')
+
+    def test_power_cycle_interlocks_and_ledger(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=28)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.press_switch')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('lamp.busy'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'drawer.set', expect='BUSY', open=True)
+        g.step(rt.ENG['initialisation_s'] + 0.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'drawer.set', open=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertTrue(0.0 < g.read('drawer.position_m') < 0.185)
+        g.step(2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('drawer.position_m'), 0.185)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=True)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('lid.angle_rad'), 1.25)
+        g.step(0.2)
+        self.assertIn('LID_OPEN', g.read('warnings.active'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=False)
+        for k in rt.KITS:
+            g.call(g.E, 'kit.provide', kit=k, volume_m3=1e-3)
+        g.plate('p', '384', 'black')
+        g.fill('p', ['all'], 'water', 2e-8)
+        g.call(g.A, 'plate.load', plate_id='p')
+        g.call(g.A, 'drawer.set', open=False)
+        g.step(3.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'protocol.configure', mode='fi_endpoint', format='384', wells=['all'], excitation_m=485e-9, emission_m=528e-9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start')
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', expect='RUN_ACTIVE', open=True)
+        g.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'run.stop')['state'], 'stopped')
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start')
+        g.step(2.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.press_switch')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.status')['state'], 'stopped')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('lamp.power'))
+        codes = {e['code'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']}
+        self.assertTrue({'POWER_ON', 'RUN_START', 'POWER_OFF'} <= codes)
+        prov = g.call(g.A, 'provenance.read')
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(prov['species']), 150)
+        led = g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['dispensed_m3'], 384 * 2e-8, delta=1e-12)
+        out = g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect', plate_id='p')
+        self.assertIn('p', out['state']['plates'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.stop', expect='NO_RUN')
+
+
+class ReviewRegressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_injection_mass_balance(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=31)
+        g.on()
+        g.plate('p')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1:H12'], 'water', 1e-7)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.load_reagent', pump='A', source_id='water', volume_m3=2e-5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'injector.prime', pump='A', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.load('p')
+        g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:H12'], wavelengths_m=[450e-9], injections=[dict(pump='A', volume_m3=1e-7, cycle=1)])
+        led = g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        st = g.read('injectors.status')['A']
+        held = st['bottle_m3'] + st['line_m3']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['injected_m3'], 96 * 1e-7, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['reagent_loaded_m3'], held + led['primed_to_waste_m3'] + led['injected_m3'] + led['plate_waste_m3'], delta=1e-12)
+
+    def test_luminescence_noise_scales_with_integration_and_blanks_positive(self):
+        sds = {}
+        for integ in (1.0, 10.0):
+            g = Rig(seed=32)
+            g.on()
+            g.plate('p', '96', 'white')
+            g.fill('p', ['A1:D12'], 'pbs_buffer', 1e-7)
+            g.load('p')
+            _, d = g.measure(mode='lum_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:D12'], integration_s=integ)
+            v = list(g.values(d).values())
+            self.assertTrue(all(x >= 0 for x in v))
+            m = sum(v) / len(v)
+            sds[integ] = math.sqrt(sum((x - m) ** 2 for x in v) / (len(v) - 1))
+        self.assertTrue(2.0 < sds[10.0] / sds[1.0] < 4.5, sds)               # ~sqrt(10): the dark variance grows with the integration time
+
+    def test_fixed_low_gain_blanks_not_negative(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=33)
+        g.on()
+        g.plate('p', '96', 'black')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1:A12'], 'pbs_buffer', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='fi_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:A12'], excitation_m=485e-9, emission_m=528e-9, gain=800, flashes=1)
+        self.assertTrue(all(v >= 0 for v in g.values(d).values()))
+
+    def test_degenerate_standards_rejected(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=34)
+        g.on()
+        g.plate('p')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1:B5'], 'water', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:B5'], wavelengths_m=[450e-9])
+        g.call(g.A, 'data.analyze', expect='INSUFFICIENT_STANDARDS', standards={'A1': 0.0, 'A2': 0.0}, fit='linear')
+
+    def test_kinetic_cycles_do_not_overlap_with_first_cycle_shake(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=35)
+        g.on()
+        g.plate('p')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1:H12'], 'water', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['all'], wavelengths_m=[543e-9], flashes=10, cycles=2, cycle_time_s=20.5,
+                         shake=dict(mode='orbital', duration_s=60.0, before_each_cycle=False))
+        t1 = max(r['time_s'] for r in d['rows'] if r['cycle'] == 1)
+        t2 = min(r['time_s'] for r in d['rows'] if r['cycle'] == 2)
+        self.assertGreater(t2, t1)
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['all'], wavelengths_m=[543e-9], flashes=10, cycles=3, cycle_time_s=20.5,
+                         shake=dict(mode='orbital', duration_s=60.0, before_each_cycle=False))
+        first = {c: min(r['time_s'] for r in d['rows'] if r['cycle'] == c) for c in (1, 2, 3)}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(first[3] - first[2], 20.5, delta=0.11)        # after an overrun the configured cycle time is kept
+        g.unload()
+        g.plate('q')
+        g.fill('q', ['A1'], 'water', 2e-7)
+        g.load('q')
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:A2'], wavelengths_m=[450e-9], pathlength_correction=True)
+        fl = {r['well']: r['flags'] for r in d['rows']}
+        self.assertIn('PATHLENGTH_CORRECTED_1CM', fl['A1'])
+        self.assertIn('PATHLENGTH_NOT_APPLICABLE', fl['A2'])
+        self.assertIn('EMPTY', fl['A2'])
+
+    def test_fp_blank_wells_undefined_and_opaque_pathlength(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=36)
+        g.on()
+        g.plate('p', '96', 'black')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1:A3'], 'pbs_buffer', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='fp_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:A6'], excitation_m=485e-9, emission_m=528e-9)
+        for r in d['rows']:
+            self.assertTrue(r['value'] is None and 'LOW_SIGNAL' in r['flags'] or -1000.0 <= r['value'] <= 1000.0, r)
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='abs_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:A3'], wavelengths_m=[450e-9], pathlength_correction=True)
+        self.assertIn('OPAQUE_PLATE', g.read('warnings.active'))
+        for r in d['rows']:
+            self.assertIn('PATHLENGTH_NOT_APPLICABLE', r['flags'])
+            self.assertGreater(r['value'], 0.0)
+
+    def test_grid_anchored_before_plant(self):
+        h = rt.BmgClariostarplusRuntime('grid_probe')
+        h.step(0.05)
+        self.assertEqual(h.t_grid, 0.0)
+        h.step(0.07)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.t_grid, 0.1)
+
+
+class Settings(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_order_and_dual_emission(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=29)
+        g.on()
+        g.provide('mix', {FL: 1e-4, RB: 1e-4})
+        g.plate('p', '96', 'black')
+        g.fill('p', ['A1:B3'], 'mix', 2e-7)
+        g.load('p')
+        _, d = g.measure(mode='fi_endpoint', format='96', wells=['A1:B3'], excitation_m=485e-9, emission_m=528e-9, emission2_m=580e-9, read_order='serpentine')
+        first = [r['well'] for r in d['rows'] if 'EMISSION_2' not in r['flags']]
+        self.assertEqual(first, ['A1', 'A2', 'A3', 'B3', 'B2', 'B1'])
+        t = {r['well']: r['time_s'] for r in d['rows'] if 'EMISSION_2' not in r['flags']}
+        self.assertLess(t['B3'], t['B1'])
+        second = [r for r in d['rows'] if 'EMISSION_2' in r['flags']]
+        self.assertEqual(len(second), 6)
+        self.assertTrue(all(r['wavelength_m'] == 580e-9 for r in second))
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_bronkhorst_cemw.py b/tests/test_asset_bronkhorst_cemw.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da5beb4eb901329bd642a1a5a7b88ae89049af28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_bronkhorst_cemw.py
@@ -0,0 +1,643 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-183 bronkhorst_cemw (Bronkhorst CEM W-202A-NN0-K controlled evaporator and mixer): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_bronkhorst_cemw.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; NIST Antoine data reproduce the normal boiling points and the Clausius-Clapeyron enthalpy of vaporization agrees with
+the NIST tables; Bronkhorst normal litres (0 C, 1 atm); complete evaporation with species mass balance; the documented W-202A capacity (water
+about 120 g/h at 10 ln/min, 100 W) and the incomplete evaporation above it; temperature set point too low and downstream condensation below the
+dew point; process pressure raises the dew point; FLUIDAT-like calculation agrees with the process; heater without cooling and the 200 C safety
+switch; stopping the heater before the liquid floods the exchanger; bleeding the mixing valve; liquid without carrier gas pushed into the gas line
+and purged; power off closes the valves; faults (heater, PT100, clogging, pressure fluctuation); supply pressure too low; documented capacity
+window alarms; liquid mixtures."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import bronkhorst_cemw as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'bronkhorst_cemw_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+LN = rt.LN_MIN
+GH = 1.0 / 3.6e6                         # 1 g/h in kg/s
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, ambient=295.15, pressure=101325.0, line=295.15, instance=INST):
+        self.h = rt.BronkhorstCemwRuntime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', ambient_k=ambient, process_pressure_pa=pressure, line_temperature_k=line, noise_seed=seed)
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        """Instrumented call: outputs validated against the declared schema; a success changes only declared immediate slots and never the clock;
+        a rejection leaves every slot unchanged and returns a declared error code."""
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_bronkhorst_cemw_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def connect(self, liquid=None, gas='nitrogen', p_liq=3.0e5, p_gas=4.0e5, bleed=True):
+        P = self.h.plant['process_pressure_pa']
+        self.call(self.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', composition=liquid or {'water': 1.0}, pressure_pa=P + p_liq)
+        self.call(self.A, 'supply.connect_gas', gas=gas, pressure_pa=P + p_gas)
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.call(self.A, 'controllers.configure', gas_full_scale_m3_s=rt.GAS_FS_MAX, liquid_full_scale_kg_s=rt.LIQ_FS_MAX)
+        if bleed:
+            self.call(self.A, 'bleed.set', open=True)
+            self.step(rt.ENG['bleed_clear_s'] + 3.0)
+            self.call(self.A, 'bleed.set', open=False)
+            self.step(3.0)
+
+    def start(self, g_h=100.0, ln=10.0, T=423.15, warm=500.0, run=900.0):
+        self.call(self.A, 'heater.set_temperature', setpoint_k=T)
+        self.call(self.A, 'gas.set_flow', setpoint_m3_s=ln * LN)
+        self.step(warm)
+        self.call(self.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=g_h * GH)
+        self.step(run)
+        return self.read()
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k[5:].replace('_', '.', 1)] = codes
+    return out
+
+
+def _balance(test, led, tol=1e-9):
+    for s, d in led.items():
+        fed = d.get('fed_kg', 0.0)
+        acc = sum(d.get(k, 0.0) for k in ('bled_kg', 'into_gas_line_kg', 'purged_from_gas_line_kg', 'evaporated_kg', 'pooled_kg', 'carried_over_kg'))
+        test.assertAlmostEqual(fed, acc, delta=tol + 1e-9 * fed, msg=(s, d))
+        ev = d.get('evaporated_kg', 0.0)
+        test.assertAlmostEqual(ev, d.get('delivered_kg', 0.0) + d.get('condensed_in_line_kg', 0.0) + d['outlet_holdup_kg'], delta=tol + 1e-9 * ev, msg=(s, d))
+        test.assertGreaterEqual(d['outlet_holdup_kg'], -1e-12)
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_and_mirrors_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_bronkhorst_cemw_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                self.assertTrue(set(pre['state_ids']) <= slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+            self.assertIn(c['kind'], ('query', 'device_command', 'robot_skill', 'simulation', 'analysis', 'configuration'))
+            self.assertIn(c['model_effects']['mode'], ('none', 'direct', 'coupled', 'host_required'))
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for name, p in meta['mechanisms']['controlled_evaporation_mixing']['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_bronkhorst_cemw_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        d = g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            g.A.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['truth.stream'])
+        for cap, args in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='clogging', active=True)),
+                          ('plant.configure', dict(ambient_k=295.15, process_pressure_pa=101325.0, line_temperature_k=295.15, noise_seed=1))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x-' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', cap)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='heater_failure', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] == 'fault' for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+        self.assertTrue(any(e['kind'] == 'fault' for e in g.call(g.E, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.connect(bleed=False)
+        args = dict(setpoint_m3_s=5 * LN)
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='gas.set_flow', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        snap = g.h.read('evaluator')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='gas.set_flow', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(snap, sort_keys=True, default=str), json.dumps(g.h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='gas.set_flow', arguments=dict(setpoint_m3_s=6 * LN), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='c_a'), Rig(instance='c_b', ambient=298.15)
+        a.call(a.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+        r = a.A.invoke(instance_id='c_b', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='z')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        def run(steps):
+            g = Rig(seed=5)
+            g.connect()
+            g.call(g.A, 'heater.set_temperature', setpoint_k=413.15)
+            g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', setpoint_m3_s=5 * LN)
+            g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=60 * GH)
+            for s in steps:
+                g.step(s)
+            r = g.read()
+            return json.dumps({k: r[k] for k in r if k.startswith(('truth.', 'measured.', 'heater.'))}, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(g.ledger(), sort_keys=True)
+        a = run([300.0])
+        b = run([0.05] * 400 + [0.37, 13.11, 266.52])
+        c = run([10.0] * 30)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a, c)
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r = rt.BronkhorstCemwRuntime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', ambient_k=295.15, process_pressure_pa=101325.0, line_temperature_k=295.15, noise_seed=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', expect='POWER_OFF', setpoint_m3_s=LN)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heater.set_temperature', expect='POWER_OFF', setpoint_k=373.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', expect='UNKNOWN_LIQUID', composition={'unobtainium': 1.0}, pressure_pa=4e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', expect='INVALID_COMPOSITION', composition={'water': 0.5, 'ethanol': 0.4}, pressure_pa=4e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', expect='PRESSURE_ABOVE_RATING', composition={'water': 1.0}, pressure_pa=1.2e7)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_gas', expect='PRESSURE_ABOVE_RATING', gas='nitrogen', pressure_pa=1.5e7)
+        g.call(g.A, 'mixture.calculate', expect='NO_LIQUID_SUPPLY')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', expect='NO_GAS_SUPPLY', setpoint_m3_s=LN)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', expect='NO_LIQUID_SUPPLY', setpoint_kg_s=10 * GH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', composition={'water': 1.0}, pressure_pa=4e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'mixture.calculate', expect='NO_GAS_SUPPLY')
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_gas', gas='nitrogen', pressure_pa=5e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'controllers.configure', gas_full_scale_m3_s=5 * LN, liquid_full_scale_kg_s=60 * GH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', expect='SETPOINT_ABOVE_FULL_SCALE', setpoint_m3_s=6 * LN)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', expect='SETPOINT_ABOVE_FULL_SCALE', setpoint_kg_s=70 * GH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', setpoint_m3_s=2 * LN)
+        g.call(g.A, 'controllers.configure', expect='FLOW_ACTIVE', gas_full_scale_m3_s=rt.GAS_FS_MAX, liquid_full_scale_kg_s=rt.LIQ_FS_MAX)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_gas', expect='GAS_FLOWING', gas='argon', pressure_pa=5e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=20 * GH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', expect='LIQUID_FLOWING', composition={'ethanol': 1.0}, pressure_pa=4e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bleed.set', expect='LIQUID_SETPOINT_NOT_ZERO', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bleed.set', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', expect='BLEED_OPEN', setpoint_kg_s=20 * GH)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='alien', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heater.set_temperature', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', setpoint_k=500.0)
+
+
+class Library(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_antoine_reproduces_normal_boiling_points(self):
+        ok, n = 0, 0
+        for s, e in rt.liquids().items():
+            tb = e.get('boiling_point_K')
+            if not tb:
+                continue
+            n += 1
+            p = rt.psat(s, tb)
+            if abs(p / 101325.0 - 1.0) < 0.05:
+                ok += 1
+            if s == 'water':
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.dew_point({'water': 1.0}, 101325.0), 373.15, delta=0.3)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(n, 50)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(ok / n, 0.9, (ok, n))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='antoine_normal_boiling_points', status='passed', layer='process', within_5pct=ok, compounds=n))
+
+    def test_clausius_clapeyron_dhvap_against_nist_tables(self):
+        errs = []
+        for s, e in rt.liquids().items():
+            for row in e['dhvap_table']:
+                if 250.0 < row['T_K'] < 0.85 * 650:
+                    errs.append(abs(rt.dhvap(s, row['T_K']) / row['value_J_mol'] - 1.0))
+        errs.sort()
+        med = errs[len(errs) // 2]
+        self.assertGreater(len(errs), 300)
+        self.assertLess(med, 0.06, med)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='dhvap_vs_nist_tables', status='passed', layer='process', rows=len(errs), median_rel_error=med))
+
+    def test_gas_properties_and_normal_litre(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.cp_gas_pure('nitrogen', 298.15), 29.12, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.cp_gas_pure('argon', 400.0), 20.786, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.cp_gas_pure('air', 298.15), 29.1, delta=0.2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(LN * rt.P_N / (rt.R_GAS * rt.T_N), 7.436e-4, delta=2e-7)        # 1 ln/min of an ideal gas in mol/s
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='gas_cp_and_normal_litre', status='passed', layer='process'))
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_complete_evaporation_and_species_balance(self):
+        g = Rig(line=433.15)
+        g.connect()
+        r = g.start(g_h=100.0, ln=10.0, T=423.15)
+        st = r['truth.stream']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['evaporated_fraction'], 1.0, places=6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['line_saturation_fraction'], 1.0, places=6)
+        self.assertNotIn('INCOMPLETE_EVAPORATION', st['conditions'])
+        n_w = st['vapour_mol_s']['water'] * rt.molar_mass('water')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(n_w / (100.0 * GH), 1.0, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['measured.liquid_kg_s'] / (100 * GH), 1.0, delta=0.02)
+        led = g.ledger()
+        _balance(self, led)
+        self.assertGreater(led['water']['bled_kg'], 0.0)
+        y = st['mole_fraction_at_exchanger']['water']
+        n_g = 10 * LN * rt.P_N / (rt.R_GAS * rt.T_N)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(y, (100 * GH / rt.molar_mass('water')) / ((100 * GH / rt.molar_mass('water')) + n_g), delta=1e-6)
+        calc = g.call(g.A, 'mixture.calculate')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(calc['vapour_mole_fraction']['water'], y, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(calc['dew_point_k'], st['dew_point_k'], delta=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'provenance.read')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='complete_evaporation_species_balance', status='passed', layer='process', dew_point_k=st['dew_point_k']))
+
+    def test_documented_capacity_120_g_h_water(self):
+        res = {}
+        for g_h in (110.0, 140.0):
+            g = Rig(line=473.15)
+            g.connect()
+            r = g.start(g_h=g_h, ln=10.0, T=473.15, warm=600.0, run=1500.0)
+            res[g_h] = (r['truth.stream']['evaporated_fraction'], sum(r['truth.lines']['pool_kg'].values()), r['truth.stream']['conditions'] + r['alarms.active'], g.ledger())
+        self.assertGreater(res[110.0][0], 0.999)
+        self.assertLess(res[140.0][0], 0.97)
+        self.assertIn('INCOMPLETE_EVAPORATION', res[140.0][2])
+        self.assertIn('WINDOW_LIQUID_ABOVE_WINDOW', res[140.0][2])
+        self.assertGreater(res[140.0][3]['water'].get('carried_over_kg', 0.0) + res[140.0][1], 1e-4)
+        _balance(self, res[140.0][3])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='capacity_water_120_g_h', status='passed', layer='process', evaporated_110=res[110.0][0], evaporated_140=res[140.0][0]))
+
+    def test_low_setpoint_and_downstream_condensation(self):
+        g = Rig(line=295.15)
+        g.connect()
+        r = g.start(g_h=100.0, ln=2.0, T=333.15, warm=600.0, run=600.0)
+        self.assertLess(r['truth.stream']['evaporated_fraction'], 0.9)
+        self.assertIn('INCOMPLETE_EVAPORATION', r['truth.stream']['conditions'])
+        self.assertIn('CONDENSATION_DOWNSTREAM', r['truth.stream']['conditions'])
+        self.assertFalse({'INCOMPLETE_EVAPORATION', 'CONDENSATION_DOWNSTREAM'} & set(r['alarms.active']))      # no sensor sees them: evaluator truth only
+        led = g.ledger()
+        self.assertGreater(led['water']['condensed_in_line_kg'], 0.0)
+        _balance(self, led)
+        dp = r['truth.stream']['dew_point_line_k']
+        self.assertGreater(dp, 295.15)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='low_setpoint_incomplete_and_line_condensation', status='passed', layer='process'))
+
+    def test_process_pressure_raises_dew_point(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.connect(bleed=False)
+        a = g.call(g.A, 'mixture.calculate', liquid_kg_s=60 * GH, gas_m3_s=5 * LN, pressure_pa=1.0e5)
+        b = g.call(g.A, 'mixture.calculate', liquid_kg_s=60 * GH, gas_m3_s=5 * LN, pressure_pa=5.0e5)
+        self.assertGreater(b['dew_point_k'], a['dew_point_k'] + 30.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a['vapour_mole_fraction']['water'], b['vapour_mole_fraction']['water'], places=9)
+        c = g.call(g.A, 'mixture.calculate', liquid_kg_s=60 * GH, gas_m3_s=0.1 * LN)
+        self.assertFalse(c['within_documented_window'])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='pressure_raises_dew_point', status='passed', layer='process', dew_1bar=a['dew_point_k'], dew_5bar=b['dew_point_k']))
+
+    def test_heater_no_cooling_and_safety_switch(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.connect(bleed=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heater.set_temperature', setpoint_k=433.15)
+        g.step(900.0)
+        T1 = g.read('measured.temperature_k')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(T1, 433.15, delta=1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heater.set_temperature', setpoint_k=353.15)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heater.output_fraction'), 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('measured.temperature_k'), T1)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('measured.temperature_k'), 400.0)               # no cooling: only the slow loss to ambient
+        g.h.T_hx = 474.0                                                         # white-box: overshoot past the 200 C switch
+        g.h.T_meas = 474.0                                                       # (PT100 settled on the overshoot)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heater.set_temperature', setpoint_k=473.15)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIn('OVER_TEMPERATURE', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertIn('SETPOINT_AT_SAFETY_LIMIT', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('truth.thermal')['safety_switch_tripped'])
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heater.output_fraction'), 0.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='heater_no_cooling_safety_switch', status='passed', layer='process'))
+
+    def test_heater_off_before_liquid_floods(self):
+        g = Rig(line=433.15)
+        g.connect()
+        g.start(g_h=100.0, ln=5.0, T=423.15, warm=500.0, run=300.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heater.set_temperature', setpoint_k=273.15)
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        r = g.read()
+        self.assertIn('INCOMPLETE_EVAPORATION', r['truth.stream']['conditions'])
+        self.assertIn('LIQUID_ACCUMULATING', r['truth.stream']['conditions'])
+        led = g.ledger()
+        self.assertGreater(led['water'].get('carried_over_kg', 0.0), 0.0)
+        _balance(self, led)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='heater_off_before_liquid_floods', status='passed', layer='process'))
+
+    def test_bleed_procedure(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.connect(bleed=False)
+        self.assertIn('BLEED_RECOMMENDED', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('truth.lines')['gas_in_liquid_line'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'bleed.set', open=True)
+        self.assertNotIn('BLEED_RECOMMENDED', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('bleed.screw_angle_rad'), 0.0)
+        g.step(rt.ENG['bleed_clear_s'] + 3.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('bleed.screw_angle_rad'), rt.BLEED_TURNS_RAD, places=6)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('truth.lines')['gas_in_liquid_line'])
+        self.assertGreater(g.ledger()['water']['bled_kg'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bleed.set', open=False)
+        g.step(3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('bleed.screw_angle_rad'), 0.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='bleed_procedure', status='passed', layer='process'))
+
+    def test_unbled_line_makes_liquid_flow_unstable(self):
+        vals = {}
+        for bleed in (False, True):
+            g = Rig(seed=9)
+            g.connect(bleed=bleed)
+            g.start(g_h=60.0, ln=5.0, T=413.15, warm=300.0, run=60.0)
+            xs = []
+            for _ in range(60):
+                g.step(1.0)
+                xs.append(g.read('truth.lines')['liquid_flow_kg_s'])
+            m = sum(xs) / len(xs)
+            vals[bleed] = math.sqrt(sum((x - m) ** 2 for x in xs) / len(xs)) / m
+        self.assertGreater(vals[False], 3 * vals[True] + 1e-4)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='unbled_line_unstable', status='passed', layer='process', rel_sd=vals))
+
+    def test_liquid_without_gas_pushed_into_gas_line_and_purged(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.connect(p_liq=5.0e5, p_gas=3.0e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heater.set_temperature', setpoint_k=413.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=30 * GH)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        al = g.read('alarms.active')
+        self.assertIn('LIQUID_WITHOUT_GAS', al)
+        self.assertIn('LIQUID_PRESSURE_ABOVE_GAS', al)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.lines')['liquid_in_gas_line_kg'], 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.ledger()['water']['into_gas_line_kg'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', setpoint_m3_s=rt.GAS_FS_MAX)
+        g.step(rt.PURGE_CLEAR_S + 30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('truth.lines')['liquid_in_gas_line_kg'], 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.ledger()['water']['purged_from_gas_line_kg'], 0.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='liquid_into_gas_line_and_purge', status='passed', layer='process'))
+
+    def test_power_off_closes_valves(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.connect()
+        g.start(g_h=60.0, ln=5.0, T=413.15, warm=300.0, run=120.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('measured.temperature_k'))
+        g.step(30.0)
+        tl = g.read('truth.lines')
+        self.assertLess(tl['gas_flow_m3_s'], 1e-9)
+        self.assertLess(tl['liquid_flow_kg_s'], 1e-9)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('truth.thermal')['heater_power_w'], 0.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='power_off_closes_valves', status='passed', layer='process'))
+
+    def test_faults_and_supply_pressure(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.connect(p_gas=0.05e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heater.set_temperature', setpoint_k=413.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', setpoint_m3_s=5 * LN)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertIn('GAS_FLOW_DEVIATION', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertLess(g.read('truth.lines')['gas_flow_m3_s'], 0.5 * 5 * LN)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='heater_failure', active=True)
+        g.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('truth.thermal')['heater_power_w'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='heater_failure', active=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pt100_open', active=True)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('measured.temperature_k'))
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertIn('SENSOR_FAILURE', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heater.output_fraction'), 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heater.output_fraction'), 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pt100_open', active=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='clogging', active=True)
+        g.step(300.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('truth.lines')['clog_factor'], 0.95)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='clogging', active=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pressure_fluctuation', active=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='gas_inclusion', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['faults'], ['gas_inclusion', 'pressure_fluctuation'])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='faults_and_supply_pressure', status='passed', layer='process'))
+
+    def test_window_alarms_and_mixture(self):
+        g = Rig(line=453.15)
+        g.connect(liquid={'water': 0.5, 'ethanol': 0.5})
+        g.call(g.A, 'heater.set_temperature', setpoint_k=433.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', setpoint_m3_s=0.1 * LN)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=40 * GH)
+        self.assertIn('WINDOW_GAS_BELOW_WINDOW', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', setpoint_m3_s=5 * LN)
+        g.step(900.0)
+        st = g.read('truth.stream')
+        y = st['mole_fraction_at_exchanger']
+        self.assertEqual(set(y), {'water', 'ethanol'})
+        n_w, n_e = 0.5 / rt.molar_mass('water'), 0.5 / rt.molar_mass('ethanol')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(y['water'] / y['ethanol'], n_w / n_e, delta=1e-3)
+        d_mix = st['dew_point_k']
+        self.assertGreater(d_mix, rt.dew_point({'ethanol': y['ethanol'] + y['water']}, 101325.0) - 30)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='window_alarms_and_mixture', status='passed', layer='process', dew_mix_k=d_mix))
+
+
+class ReviewRegressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_outlet_inventory_never_negative_after_shutdown(self):
+        g = Rig(line=473.15)
+        g.connect()
+        g.start(g_h=110.0, ln=10.0, T=453.15, warm=300.0, run=300.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', setpoint_m3_s=0.0)
+        for _ in range(12):
+            g.step(50.0)
+            led = g.ledger()
+            for s, d in led.items():
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(d['outlet_holdup_kg'], 0.0, (s, d))
+                self.assertLessEqual(d.get('delivered_kg', 0.0) + d.get('condensed_in_line_kg', 0.0), d.get('evaporated_kg', 0.0) + 1e-15, (s, d))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_bleed_at_sub_atmospheric_process_books_no_negative_mass(self):
+        g = Rig(pressure=1.0e4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', composition={'water': 1.0}, pressure_pa=5.0e4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_gas', gas='nitrogen', pressure_pa=2.0e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bleed.set', open=True)
+        g.step(10.0)
+        led = g.ledger()
+        self.assertTrue(all(v >= 0.0 for v in led.get('water', {'fed_kg': 0.0}).values()), led)
+
+    def test_every_library_liquid_survives_calculation_and_reads(self):
+        g = Rig(line=473.15)
+        g.connect(bleed=False)
+        for sp in rt.liquids():
+            r = g.call(g.A, 'mixture.calculate', composition={sp: 1.0}, liquid_kg_s=50 * GH, gas_m3_s=5 * LN)
+            self.assertTrue(r['dew_point_k'] is None or 150.0 < r['dew_point_k'] < 700.0, (sp, r))
+        for sp in ('methyl_formate', 'methyl_benzoate', 'methyl_methacrylate'):
+            h = Rig(seed=7)
+            h.call(h.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', composition={sp: 1.0}, pressure_pa=4e5)
+            h.call(h.A, 'supply.connect_gas', gas='nitrogen', pressure_pa=5e5)
+            h.call(h.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+            h.call(h.A, 'heater.set_temperature', setpoint_k=413.15)
+            h.call(h.A, 'gas.set_flow', setpoint_m3_s=5 * LN)
+            h.call(h.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=30 * GH)
+            h.step(60.0)
+            h.call(h.E, 'truth.inspect')
+
+    def test_downstream_condensation_fractionates_a_mixture(self):
+        g = Rig(line=298.15)
+        g.connect(liquid={'water': 0.5, 'ethanol': 0.5})
+        g.start(g_h=60.0, ln=5.0, T=423.15, warm=500.0, run=600.0)
+        st = g.read('truth.stream')
+        n_in = st['vapour_mol_s']
+        y = st['mole_fraction_delivered']
+        self.assertGreater(y['ethanol'] / y['water'], 1.2 * n_in['ethanol'] / n_in['water'])     # the less volatile water condenses preferentially
+        P = 101325.0
+        K = {s: rt.psat(s, 298.15) / P for s in ('water', 'ethanol')}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(y['water'] / K['water'] + y['ethanol'] / K['ethanol'], 1.0, delta=1e-6)    # the delivered vapour is saturated at the line temperature
+
+    def test_window_uses_the_calculation_pressure_and_needs_no_plant(self):
+        h = rt.BronkhorstCemwRuntime('calc_only')
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        a = h.session('a')
+        r = a.invoke(instance_id='calc_only', capability_id='mixture.calculate', arguments=dict(composition={'water': 1.0}, gas='nitrogen', liquid_kg_s=60 * GH, gas_m3_s=5 * LN,
+                                                                                                 pressure_pa=5e5), request_id='c1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertFalse(r['result']['within_documented_window'])
+        self.assertTrue(any('PRESSURE_NOT_CHARACTERISED' in n for n in r['result']['notes']))
+
+    def test_evaporated_fraction_is_relative_to_the_feed(self):
+        g = Rig(line=473.15)
+        g.connect()
+        r = g.start(g_h=130.0, ln=10.0, T=473.15, warm=600.0, run=1500.0)
+        st = r['truth.stream']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['evaporated_fraction'], min(1.0, st['evaporation_kg_s'] / st['liquid_feed_kg_s']), places=9)
+        self.assertGreater(st['evaporated_fraction'], 0.8)
+
+    def test_gas_line_purge_books_each_species_it_received(self):          # round-2 R2-01
+        g = Rig(seed=11)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_gas', gas='nitrogen', pressure_pa=2e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', composition={'water': 1.0}, pressure_pa=3e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=60 * GH)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=0.0)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', composition={'ethanol': 1.0}, pressure_pa=3e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bleed.set', open=True)
+        g.step(rt.ENG['bleed_clear_s'] + 5.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bleed.set', open=False)
+        g.step(3.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=60 * GH)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'liquid.set_flow', setpoint_kg_s=0.0)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        before = g.ledger()
+        into = {s: before[s].get('into_gas_line_kg', 0.0) for s in ('water', 'ethanol')}
+        self.assertTrue(all(v > 0.0 for v in into.values()), into)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.set_flow', setpoint_m3_s=10 * LN)
+        g.step(400.0)
+        led = g.ledger()
+        for s in ('water', 'ethanol'):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(led[s].get('into_gas_line_kg', 0.0), 0.0, delta=1e-12, msg=(s, led[s]))
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(led[s]['purged_from_gas_line_kg'], into[s], delta=1e-12, msg=(s, led[s]))
+        _balance(self, led)
+
+    def test_narrow_degenerate_fit_continues_with_watson_enthalpy(self):    # round-2 R2-02
+        sp = 'methyl_formate'
+        lo, hi = rt.liquids()[sp]['antoine_fit']['t_range_K']
+        self.assertLess(hi - lo, 25.0)
+        for te in (lo, hi):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.psat(sp, te - 1e-6) / rt.psat(sp, te + 1e-6), 1.0, delta=1e-5)
+        v = [rt.psat(sp, 150.0 + 0.5 * i) for i in range(1101)]               # round-3 R3-01: monotonic up to 700 K (capped at Tc)
+        self.assertTrue(all(b_ > a_ for a_, b_ in zip(v, v[1:])))
+        for T in (250.0, 340.0, 400.0, 460.0):                              # local Clausius-Clapeyron slope = Watson enthalpy of vaporization
+            d = 1e-3
+            slope = -(math.log(rt.psat(sp, T + d)) - math.log(rt.psat(sp, T - d))) / (1.0 / (T + d) - 1.0 / (T - d)) * rt.R_GAS
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(slope / rt.dhvap(sp, T), 1.0, delta=0.15, msg=T)
+        g = Rig(seed=12)
+        g.call(g.A, 'supply.connect_liquid', composition={sp: 1.0}, pressure_pa=4e5)
+        prov = g.call(g.A, 'provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual(prov['liquids'][sp]['vapour_pressure_quality'], 'inconsistent')
+
+    def test_watson_anchor_follows_the_non_derived_nist_rows(self):        # round-2 R2-03
+        L = rt.liquids()
+        for sp in ('glycerol', 'propanoic_acid'):
+            rows = [r for r in L[sp]['dhvap_table'] if r.get('method') != 'A' and r['T_K'] < L[sp]['critical_temperature_K'] - 5.0]
+            errs = sorted(abs(rt.dhvap(sp, r['T_K']) / r['value_J_mol'] - 1.0) for r in rows)
+            self.assertLess(errs[len(errs) // 2], 0.06, (sp, errs))
+        gc = [r for r in L['glycerol']['dhvap_table'] if r.get('method') == 'GC']
+        self.assertTrue(gc and all(abs(rt.dhvap('glycerol', r['T_K']) / r['value_J_mol'] - 1.0) < 0.05 for r in gc))
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_bruker_x4poseidon.py b/tests/test_asset_bruker_x4poseidon.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5576be5fdfc31ace3268d0a1d16b399f07e3379c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_bruker_x4poseidon.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1936 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-156 bruker_x4poseidon: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_bruker_x4poseidon.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances
+are isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (X-ray energy: every emitted joule ends in the target, window, filter, air,
+sample (absorbed / scattered), detector (deposited / passed) or the shielding; travel, projection and frame ledgers), real return values
+validated against the declared schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation remnants,
+host-step independence (energy ledger, dose, records), declared immediate and on_step effects (scenario states, short and long windows);
+plus the instrument (boot, warm-up after every power-up, kV / current ramps, door interlock, light curtain, emergency stop latch, interlock
+sensor, tube arc, mains fault, rotation stall, collision keep-out of the source head, filter slide, detector and ceiling, loading at the
+door) and the physics: Kramers spectrum energy and W lines, filter hardening, focal spot growth, polychromatic Beer-Lambert transmission of
+an aluminium rod against the NIST attenuation library, flat-field validity and saturation, edge spread against the focal spot, projection
+count / duration / magnification / voxel size, geometry calibration against the hidden axis offset, auto-alignment, porosity / pores /
+cracks against the phantom truth, beam-hardening cupping and its linearisation, ring artefacts of dead columns with ring correction and
+random movement, dose.
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import bruker_x4poseidon as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_bruker_x4poseidon_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.BrukerX4PoseidonRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared and len(rt.EFFECTS) > 1:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.BrukerX4PoseidonRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+NOP = dict(count=0, median_radius_m=1.0e-4, sigma_ln=0.0, layer=0, seed=1)
+PIN = dict(substance_id='al', diameter_m=0.003, length_m=0.035)
+PELLET = copy.deepcopy(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)                        # alumina 6 x 6 mm, 120 pores, one crack, Al pin 35 mm
+CAL = dict(sample_id='cal_phantom', kind='calibration_phantom', diameter_m=0.010, height_m=0.010, layers=[], pores=NOP, cracks=[], inclusions=[],
+           container=None, pin=PIN)
+EDGE = dict(sample_id='w_edge', kind='edge_phantom', diameter_m=0.004, height_m=0.004, layers=[], pores=NOP, cracks=[], inclusions=[], container=None,
+            pin=PIN)
+ROD = dict(sample_id='al_rod', kind='cylinder', diameter_m=0.004, height_m=0.006, layers=[dict(thickness_m=0.006, materials=[dict(substance_id='al',
+                                                                                                                              volume_fraction=1.0)])],
+           pores=NOP, cracks=[], inclusions=[], container=None, pin=PIN)
+DENSE = dict(PELLET, sample_id='dense_alumina', pores=NOP, cracks=[])
+CRACKED = dict(PELLET, sample_id='cracked_alumina', pores=NOP,
+               cracks=[dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.003], normal=[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], radius_m=0.0022, aperture_m=150e-6)])
+FAST = dict(range_deg='180', step_rad=math.radians(2.0), exposure_s=0.02, averaging=1, binning='4x4', random_movement=False)
+FINE = dict(range_deg='180', step_rad=math.radians(0.4), exposure_s=0.3, averaging=2, binning='2x2', random_movement=True)
+RECON_FAST = dict(record_id='PJ0001', grid='48', filter='shepp_logan', beam_hardening=0.0, bh_material=None, ring_correction=0.0, smoothing_vox=0.0,
+                  post_alignment=0.0, auto_alignment=False, voi=None)
+SOD_SCAN = 0.045
+
+
+def centred_cz(s):
+    """Chuck height that puts the middle of the sample body on the beam."""
+    return rt.SOURCE_XYZ_M[2] - (s['pin']['length_m'] if s['pin'] else 0.0) - s['height_m'] / 2
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.BrukerX4PoseidonRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = configured(seed, **plant)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def busy(h):
+    return h._stage_moving() or h._filter_moving() or h._door_moving() or h.op is not None
+
+
+def settle(h, limit=3600.0, dt=0.5):
+    t = 0.0
+    while busy(h) and t < limit:
+        h.step(dt)
+        t += dt
+    assert not busy(h)
+    return h
+
+
+def wait(h, op, tmax=7200.0, dt=0.5):
+    t0 = h.t
+    while h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'running' and h.t - t0 < tmax:
+        h.step(dt)
+    return h.operations[op]['phase']
+
+
+def loaded(sample=PELLET, seed=1, extra=()):
+    h = ready(seed)
+    for s in (sample,) + tuple(extra):
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **s)
+    h.invoke('door.open')
+    settle(h)
+    h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id=sample['sample_id'], offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+    h.invoke('door.close')
+    return settle(h)
+
+
+def beam(h, kv=60e3, ia=150e-6):
+    h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=kv, current_a=ia)
+    h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)
+    t = 0.0
+    while not h._xray_ready() and t < rt.WARMUP_S + 60.0:
+        h.step(1.0)
+        t += 1.0
+    assert h._xray_ready()
+    return h
+
+
+def flat(h):
+    op = h.invoke('calibration.flat_field')['operation_id']
+    assert wait(h, op) == 'completed', h.operations[op]
+    return h
+
+
+def prepared(sample=PELLET, scan=FAST, kv=60e3, ia=150e-6, seed=1, sod=SOD_SCAN, cz=None, extra=()):
+    """Sample on the chuck, beam on and warmed up, scan settings, flat field at the load position (sample out of the beam), sample moved to
+    the scan position with its body centred on the beam."""
+    h = loaded(sample, seed, extra)
+    h.invoke('scan.configure', **scan)
+    beam(h, kv, ia)
+    flat(h)
+    h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=sod, chuck_z_m=centred_cz(sample) if cz is None else cz)
+    return settle(h)
+
+
+def scan(h):
+    op = h.invoke('scan.start')['operation_id']
+    assert wait(h, op) == 'completed', h.operations[op]
+    return h.operations[op]['record_id']
+
+
+def recon(h, rid, **kw):
+    op = h.invoke('recon.start', **dict(RECON_FAST, record_id=rid, **kw))['operation_id']
+    assert wait(h, op) == 'completed', h.operations[op]
+    return h.operations[op]['record_id']
+
+
+def rejected(h, cap, code, **a):
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    rev = h.revision
+    led = h.ledger()
+    try:
+        h.invoke(cap, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        assert str(exc) == code, (cap, str(exc), code)
+        assert not _changed(h.read('evaluator'), before), cap
+        assert h.revision == rev, cap
+        assert not _changed(h.ledger(), led), cap
+        return True
+    raise AssertionError(f'{cap} was not rejected (expected {code})')
+
+
+def fine_transmission(kv, fpos, sid, L):
+    """Detected-energy weighted transmission of a path L through one library material, from the 0.5 keV spectrum (no energy groups)."""
+    e, ph = rt.beam_spectrum(kv, fpos)
+    ph = ph * rt.air_transmission(e, rt.SDD_M)
+    _, edep = rt.detector_response(tuple(e))
+    w = ph * edep
+    mu, _ = rt.linear_mu(sid, e)
+    return float((w * np.exp(-mu * L)).sum() / w.sum())
+
+
+def cylinder_mask(d, radius, z_half=None):
+    xs, ys, zs = rt.BrukerX4PoseidonRuntime._grids(d)
+    Z, Y, X = np.meshgrid(zs, ys, xs, indexing='ij')
+    m = np.hypot(X, Y) < radius
+    if z_half is not None:
+        m &= np.abs(Z) < z_half
+    return m, np.hypot(X, Y)
+
+
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.bruker_x4poseidon')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-156')
+
+    def test_schemas_lint_and_examples_validate(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for part in ('input_schema', 'output_schema'):
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c[part]), [], (k, part))
+            ex = rt.CAPS[k].get('example_arguments')
+            if ex is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(ex, c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, s in m['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+        for name in ('fresh', 'ready', 'scanning', 'reconstructed'):
+            v = _scenario(name).read('evaluator')
+            for k, x in v.items():
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(x, m['state_slots'][k]['value_schema']), [], (name, k))
+
+    def test_metadata_references_are_consistent(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        slots = set(m['state_slots'])
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, (k, e))
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                for x in pre['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            for x in c['execution']['completion_state_ids']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            self.assertEqual([e['code'] for e in c['errors']], sorted(set(e['code'] for e in c['errors']), key=[e['code'] for e in c['errors']].index), k)
+        for k in rt.CAPS:
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAP_SOURCES, k)
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.PRECONDITIONS) - set(rt.CAPS), set())
+        for k, v in rt.EFFECTS.items():
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAPS)
+            self.assertEqual(set(v) - slots, set(), k)
+        for k, v in rt.ON_STEP.items():
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAPS)
+            self.assertEqual(set(v) - slots, set(), k)
+        for mech in m['mechanisms'].values():
+            self.assertEqual(set(mech['state_ids']) - slots, set())
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities_report_unsupported(self):
+        h = ready()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                _orig_invoke(h, k, **(rt.CAPS[k].get('example_arguments') or {}))
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'UNSUPPORTED')
+            self.assertEqual(_meta()['capabilities'][k]['availability'], 'unsupported')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='export.dataset', arguments={}, request_id='u1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'unsupported')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_and_describe_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanning')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        t, rev, led = h.t, h.revision, h.ledger()
+        for _ in range(3):
+            h.read('evaluator'); s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id); s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+            s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id=f'e{_}')
+        self.assertEqual((h.t, h.revision), (t, rev))
+        self.assertFalse(_changed(h.ledger(), led))
+
+    def test_step_zero_and_negative(self):
+        h = ready()
+        v = h.read('evaluator')
+        h.step(0.0)
+        self.assertFalse(_changed(h.read('evaluator'), v))
+        for bad in (-1.0, float('nan'), float('inf')):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.step(bad)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=2.5)['time_s'], v['clock.time_s'] + 2.5)
+
+    def test_host_step_chopping_does_not_change_the_result(self):
+        """Warm-up, a kV / current ramp with the beam on, stage travel, a flat field and a scan advanced in single host steps and in irregular
+        small steps give identical records, positions, doses and energy ledgers (rate cells and exact V^2 I integration)."""
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = loaded(PELLET)
+            h.invoke('scan.configure', **dict(FAST, random_movement=True))
+
+            def adv(T):
+                if chunks:
+                    t, i = 0.0, 0
+                    while t < T - 1e-12:
+                        d = min((0.037, 0.211, 0.0043, 0.5, 1.7)[i % 5], T - t)
+                        h.step(d)
+                        t += d
+                        i += 1
+                else:
+                    h.step(T)
+            h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)
+            adv(rt.WARMUP_S + 5.0)
+            h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=70e3, current_a=100e-6)
+            adv(3.0)
+            h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=60e3, current_a=150e-6)
+            adv(3.0)
+            h.invoke('calibration.flat_field')
+            adv(3.0)
+            h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=SOD_SCAN, chuck_z_m=centred_cz(PELLET))
+            adv(15.0)
+            op = h.invoke('scan.start')['operation_id']
+            adv(h.op['duration_s'] + 1.0)
+            self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'completed')
+            return h, h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        a, ra = run(False)
+        b, rb = run(True)
+        self.assertEqual(ra['preview'], rb['preview'])
+        self.assertEqual(ra['transmission'], rb['transmission'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ra['dose_gy'], rb['dose_gy'], delta=1e-10 * ra['dose_gy'])
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a._data[ra['record_id']]['q'], b._data[rb['record_id']]['q']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.rot, b.rot, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.sod, b.sod, places=12)
+        for k, v in a.ledger().items():
+            if k == 'energy_residual_j':
+                continue
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(v, b.ledger()[k], delta=1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(v)), msg=k)
+
+    def test_reads_do_not_change_later_results(self):
+        def run(reads):
+            h = prepared(PELLET)
+            op = h.invoke('scan.start')['operation_id']
+            for i in range(20):
+                if reads:
+                    h.read('evaluator'); h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0); h.invoke('records.list'); h.invoke('ledger.read')
+                    h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id='FF0001')
+                h.step(0.7)
+            wait(h, op)
+            return h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['preview'], h.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(run(False), run(True))
+
+    def test_set_points_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        s0 = h.sod
+        out = h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=s0 + 0.030, chuck_z_m=h.cz - 0.005)
+        self.assertEqual(h.sod, s0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.sod_target_m'], s0 + 0.030)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], 0.030 / rt.CARRIAGE_SPEED_M_S)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['magnification'], rt.SDD_M / (s0 + 0.030))
+        h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.sod, s0 + 0.5 * rt.CARRIAGE_SPEED_M_S, places=12)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['stage.moving'])
+        settle(h)
+        r0 = h.rot
+        out = h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=(r0 - 0.6) % (2 * math.pi))
+        self.assertEqual(h.rot, r0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], 0.6 / rt.ROTATION_SPEED_RAD_S)
+        h.step(0.25)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt._rot_delta(r0, h.rot), -0.25 * rt.ROTATION_SPEED_RAD_S, places=9)       # shortest direction
+        settle(h)
+        out = h.invoke('filter.select', position=3)
+        self.assertEqual(h.slide, 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['filter.position'], 3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], 3 * rt.FILTER_S_PER_STEP)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.slide, rt.FILTER_PITCH_M, places=12)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['filter.moving'])
+        settle(h)
+        v0 = h.xv
+        h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=70e3, current_a=150e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(h.xv, v0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['xray.ready'])
+        h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.xv, v0 + 0.5 * rt.KV_RAMP_V_S, places=6)
+        h.step(0.6)
+        self.assertEqual(h.xv, 70e3)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['xray.ready'])
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['calibration.flat_field']['valid'])     # new voltage and filter: the flat field no longer matches
+
+
+class PowerSafetyAndInterlocks(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_boot_and_warm_up_after_every_power_up(self):
+        h = configured()
+        rejected(h, 'door.open', 'POWER_OFF')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.state'], 'booting')
+        rejected(h, 'xray.enable', 'NOT_READY', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S - 0.01)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.state'], 'booting')
+        h.step(0.02)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.state'], 'ready')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)['warmup_s'], rt.WARMUP_S)
+        h.step(rt.WARMUP_S / 2)
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['xray.voltage_v'], 0.5 * h.xv_set, delta=1e-6)       # conditioning: linear from zero to the set point
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['xray.current_a'], 0.5 * h.xi_set, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertFalse(v['xray.ready'])
+        self.assertTrue(v['panel.status_orange'])
+        h.step(rt.WARMUP_S / 2 + 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['xray.ready'])
+        h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=False)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['xray.on'])
+        out = h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)                     # same boot: no second warm-up, a ramp from zero
+        self.assertEqual(out['warmup_s'], 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['ramp_s'], max(h.xv_set / rt.KV_RAMP_V_S, h.xi_set / rt.CURRENT_RAMP_A_S))
+        h.step(out['ramp_s'] + 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['xray.ready'])
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['xray.voltage_v'], 0.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)['warmup_s'], rt.WARMUP_S)
+
+    def test_door_interlock_and_light_curtain(self):
+        h = beam(loaded())
+        rejected(h, 'door.open', 'XRAY_ON')
+        h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=False)
+        h.invoke('door.open')
+        h.step(0.1)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['door.closed'])
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['interlock.ok'])
+        rejected(h, 'xray.enable', 'DOOR_OPEN', enabled=True)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.door, rt.DOOR_TRAVEL_M)
+        h.invoke('door.close')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        d = h.door
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='light_curtain_blocked', active=True)        # closing door stops and reopens
+        self.assertEqual(h.door_target, rt.DOOR_TRAVEL_M)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertGreater(h.door, d)
+        rejected(h, 'door.close', 'LIGHT_CURTAIN_BLOCKED')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='light_curtain_blocked', active=False)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('door.close')
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['interlock.ok'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['door_cycles'], 2.5)      # five arrivals x 0.5: open, close (loading), open, reopen after the curtain, close
+        codes = [e['code'] for e in h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        for c in ('DOOR_OPEN', 'DOOR_CLOSED', 'LIGHT_CURTAIN'):
+            self.assertIn(c, codes)
+
+    def test_emergency_stop_latches_and_needs_release_and_acknowledge(self):
+        h = prepared(PELLET)
+        op = h.invoke('scan.start')['operation_id']
+        h.step(3.0)
+        rot = h.rot
+        out = h.invoke('emergency.stop')
+        self.assertTrue(out['stopped'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['reason'], 'EMERGENCY_STOP')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['status'], 'failed')
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertFalse(v['xray.on'])
+        self.assertTrue(v['panel.status_red'])
+        self.assertEqual(v['system.error_code'], 'EMERGENCY_STOP')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.rot, rot)
+        rejected(h, 'system.acknowledge', 'CAUSE_PERSISTS')
+        rejected(h, 'xray.enable', 'EMERGENCY_STOP', enabled=True)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.go_to', 'EMERGENCY_STOP', position='load')
+        h.invoke('emergency.release')
+        rejected(h, 'xray.enable', 'ERROR_PENDING', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('system.acknowledge')['cleared'], 'EMERGENCY_STOP')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['panel.status_green'])
+        out = h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(out['warmup_s'], 0.0)                                     # the boot's warm-up was done already
+        h.step(out['ramp_s'] + 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['xray.ready'])
+
+    def test_interlock_sensor_and_arc_faults(self):
+        h = beam(loaded())
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='door_sensor', active=True)
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertFalse(v['xray.on'])
+        self.assertFalse(v['interlock.ok'])
+        self.assertEqual(v['system.error_code'], 'INTERLOCK_FAULT')
+        rejected(h, 'system.acknowledge', 'CAUSE_PERSISTS')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='door_sensor', active=False)
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        h.invoke('scan.configure', **FAST)
+        out = h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(out['warmup_s'], 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['ramp_s'], 60e3 / rt.KV_RAMP_V_S)
+        h.step(out['ramp_s'] + 0.01)
+        flat(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=SOD_SCAN, chuck_z_m=centred_cz(PELLET))
+        settle(h)
+        op = h.invoke('scan.start')['operation_id']
+        h.step(2.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='xray_arc', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['reason'], 'XRAY_ARC')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['xray.enabled'])
+        rejected(h, 'xray.enable', 'ERROR_PENDING', enabled=True)
+        rejected(h, 'system.acknowledge', 'CAUSE_PERSISTS')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='xray_arc', active=False)
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)
+        h.step(60e3 / rt.KV_RAMP_V_S + 0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['xray.ready'])
+
+    def test_mains_fault_and_power_loss_during_a_scan(self):
+        h = prepared(PELLET)
+        op = h.invoke('scan.start')['operation_id']
+        h.step(2.0)
+        sod, rot = h.sod, h.rot
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0))
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertFalse(v['power.enabled'])
+        self.assertEqual(v['system.error_code'], 'MAINS_FAULT')
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['reason'], 'POWER_OFF')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.sod, h.rot), (sod, rot))
+        rejected(h, 'power.set', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE', enabled=True)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE))
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['system.error_code'])
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.state'], 'ready')
+        rejected(h, 'plant.configure', 'SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=99))
+
+    def test_power_button_toggles(self):
+        h = configured()
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('power.press_button')['enabled'])
+        self.assertFalse(h.invoke('power.press_button')['enabled'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.state'], 'off')
+
+
+class MotionAndCollision(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_keep_out_of_source_filter_detector_and_ceiling(self):
+        h = _scenario('flat_done')
+        cz = centred_cz(PELLET)                                        # 0.362: the stage housing stays below the source head
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move', 'COLLISION_RISK', sod_m=0.020, chuck_z_m=cz)       # chuck (r 12 mm) against the filter changer face
+        self.assertTrue(h._geometry_ok(0.0281, cz))                   # chuck radius 12 mm + filter face 14 mm + margin 2 mm
+        self.assertFalse(h._geometry_ok(0.0279, cz))
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move', 'COLLISION_RISK', sod_m=0.060, chuck_z_m=0.387)      # stage housing (r 56.6 mm) in the source keep-out
+        self.assertTrue(h._geometry_ok(0.0727, 0.387))
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move', 'COLLISION_RISK', sod_m=0.395, chuck_z_m=cz)       # detector side
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=0.395, chuck_z_m=0.200)                         # everything below the detector housing
+        settle(h)
+        tall = dict(DENSE, sample_id='tall', height_m=0.250, layers=[dict(thickness_m=0.250, materials=[dict(substance_id='alumina', volume_fraction=1.0)])])
+        h2 = _scenario('door_open')
+        h2.invoke('sample.provide', **tall)
+        h2.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='tall', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h2.invoke('door.close')
+        settle(h2)
+        rejected(h2, 'stage.move', 'COLLISION_RISK', sod_m=0.250, chuck_z_m=0.399)    # ceiling
+        self.assertTrue(h2._geometry_ok(0.250, rt.CHAMBER_CEILING_M - rt.COLLISION_MARGIN_M - 0.285 - 1e-6))
+
+    def test_loading_needs_the_open_door_and_the_load_position(self):
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'DOOR_CLOSED', sample_id='alumina_pellet', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('door.open')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'DOOR_CLOSED', sample_id='alumina_pellet', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=SOD_SCAN, chuck_z_m=0.300)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', sample_id='alumina_pellet', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'NOT_ACCESSIBLE', sample_id='alumina_pellet', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        out = h.invoke('stage.go_to', position='load')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], max((rt.LOAD_POSITION['sod'] - SOD_SCAN) / rt.CARRIAGE_SPEED_M_S, 0.05 / rt.LIFT_SPEED_M_S))
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.position_label'], 'load')
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'UNKNOWN_SAMPLE', sample_id='nothing', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='alumina_pellet', offset_x_m=0.002, offset_y_m=-0.001)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'SAMPLE_NOT_ON_BENCH', sample_id='alumina_pellet', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'STAGE_OCCUPIED', sample_id='cal_phantom', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['sample.on_stage'], dict(sample_id='alumina_pellet', offset_x_m=0.002, offset_y_m=-0.001))
+        rejected(h, 'sample.remove', 'SAMPLE_NOT_ON_STAGE', sample_id='cal_phantom')
+        h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='alumina_pellet')
+        self.assertIn('alumina_pellet', h.read()['sample.bench_ids'])
+
+    def test_sample_definitions_are_checked(self):
+        h = configured()
+        bad = [dict(DENSE, sample_id='b1', height_m=0.005),                                           # layers do not add up
+               dict(DENSE, sample_id='b2', layers=[dict(thickness_m=0.006, materials=[dict(substance_id='alumina', volume_fraction=0.7)])]),
+               dict(CAL, sample_id='b3', pores=dict(NOP, count=5)),                                   # phantoms have no pores
+               dict(DENSE, sample_id='b4', cracks=[dict(center_m=[0.0025, 0.0, 0.003], normal=[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], radius_m=0.001, aperture_m=1e-5)]),
+               dict(DENSE, sample_id='b5', pores=dict(count=400, median_radius_m=0.9e-3, sigma_ln=0.0, layer=0, seed=1))]    # too dense
+        for s in bad:
+            rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'INVALID_SAMPLE', **s)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'UNKNOWN_SUBSTANCE', **dict(DENSE, sample_id='b6', layers=[dict(thickness_m=0.006, materials=[
+            dict(substance_id='unobtainium', volume_fraction=1.0)])]))
+        out = h.invoke('sample.provide', **PELLET)
+        pores = h.samples['alumina_pellet']['_pores']
+        self.assertEqual(len(pores), 120)
+        crack = PELLET['cracks'][0]
+        vol = (math.pi * 0.003 ** 2 * 0.006 - sum(4 / 3 * math.pi * p['radius_m'] ** 3 for p in pores) - math.pi * crack['radius_m'] ** 2 * crack['aperture_m'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['mass_kg'], vol * rt.density('alumina'), delta=1e-12)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'SAMPLE_EXISTS', **PELLET)
+        for i in range(rt.MAX_SAMPLES - 1):
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', **dict(ROD, sample_id=f'r{i}'))
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'TOO_MANY_SAMPLES', **dict(ROD, sample_id='one_more'))
+
+    def test_rotation_stall_stops_the_scan_and_the_stage(self):
+        h = prepared(PELLET)
+        op = h.invoke('scan.start')['operation_id']
+        h.step(2.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='rotation_stall', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['reason'], 'STAGE_FAULT')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.error_code'], 'STAGE_FAULT')
+        rot = h.rot
+        h.step(3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.rot, rot)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='rotation_stall', active=False)
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.rot, 0.0)
+
+
+class XrayPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_kramers_spectrum_energy_and_tungsten_lines(self):
+        for kv in (30e3, 60e3, 100e3):
+            e, ph = rt.unabsorbed_spectrum(kv)
+            energy = 4 * math.pi * float((ph * e).sum()) * 0.5 * rt.KEV
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(energy / (rt.KRAMERS_K_PER_V * 74 * kv * kv * 1.602176634e-19), 1.0, places=9)     # eta V e per electron
+            self.assertLess(e.max(), kv / 1e3)
+        e, ph = rt.emitted_spectrum(100e3)
+        j = int(np.argmin(np.abs(e - 59.32)))
+        self.assertGreater(ph[j] / (0.5 * (ph[j - 2] + ph[j + 2])), 3.0)                   # W K-alpha above the K edge (69.5 kV)
+        e, ph = rt.emitted_spectrum(60e3)
+        j = int(np.argmin(np.abs(e - 58.5)))
+        self.assertLess(ph[j] / ph[j - 2], 1.0)                                          # below the K edge: bremsstrahlung only
+        k = int(np.argmin(np.abs(e - 8.40)))
+        self.assertGreater(ph[k] / (0.5 * (ph[k - 1] + ph[k + 1])), 2.0)                   # W L-alpha (L-beta sits two bins higher)
+        e2, ph2 = rt.emitted_spectrum(10.5e3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(4 * math.pi * float((rt.unabsorbed_spectrum(10.5e3)[1] * e2).sum()) * 0.5 * rt.KEV /
+                               (rt.KRAMERS_K_PER_V * 74 * 10.5e3 ** 2 * 1.602176634e-19), 1.0, places=9)   # lines above the voltage are not excited
+
+    def test_filters_harden_the_beam_and_power_sets_the_spot(self):
+        def mean_e(pos):
+            e, ph = rt.beam_spectrum(60e3, pos)
+            return float((ph * e * e).sum() / (ph * e).sum())
+        m = [mean_e(p) for p in range(rt.FILTER_POSITIONS)]
+        self.assertTrue(m[0] < m[1] < m[2] < m[3])
+        self.assertTrue(m[4] < m[5])
+        self.assertGreater(m[6], max(m[3], m[4]))
+        e, ph = rt.emitted_spectrum(60e3)
+        _, pb = rt.beam_spectrum(60e3, 0)
+        self.assertLess(pb[int(np.argmin(np.abs(e - 3.0)))] / ph[int(np.argmin(np.abs(e - 3.0)))], pb[-10] / ph[-10])      # Be window
+        h = configured()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=100e3, current_a=0.2e-3)['focal_spot_m'], 25e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=40e3, current_a=0.1e-3)['focal_spot_m'], 5e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=20e3, current_a=0.1e-3)['focal_spot_m'], 5e-6)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.set', 'POWER_LIMIT', voltage_v=100e3, current_a=0.25e-3)
+
+    def test_radiograph_transmission_follows_polychromatic_beer_lambert(self):
+        """Transmission profile of a 4 mm aluminium rod against the fine-spectrum prediction with the NIST attenuation of Al: the chord of
+        each ray through the rod follows from the cone-beam geometry and the hidden axis offset."""
+        h = prepared(ROD, dict(FAST, exposure_s=0.3, averaging=4, binning='2x2'))
+        op = h.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=None)['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+        d = h._data['RG0001']
+        t, w = d['image'].astype(float), d['window']
+        us = w['u0'] + (np.arange(w['nu']) + 0.5) * w['pitch']
+        vs = w['v1'] - (np.arange(w['nv']) + 0.5) * w['pitch']
+        rows = np.abs(vs) < 0.2 * 0.006 * rt.SDD_M / SOD_SCAN
+        prof = t[rows].mean(0)
+        a = h.truth['axis_offset']
+        th = np.arctan(us / rt.SDD_M)
+        dist = np.abs(SOD_SCAN * np.sin(th) - a * np.cos(th))
+        L = 2 * np.sqrt(np.clip(0.002 ** 2 - dist ** 2, 0.0, None))
+        sel = L > 1.0e-3
+        self.assertGreater(sel.sum(), 5)
+        pred = np.array([fine_transmission(60e3, 0, 'al', x) for x in L[sel]])
+        rel = np.abs(prof[sel] / pred - 1)
+        self.assertLess(float(rel.mean()), 0.03, (prof[sel], pred))
+        self.assertLess(float(rel.max()), 0.06)
+        outside = L == 0
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(prof[outside].mean()), 1.0, delta=0.01)
+        mu_thin = -math.log(fine_transmission(60e3, 0, 'al', 1e-3)) / 1e-3
+        mu_thick = -math.log(fine_transmission(60e3, 0, 'al', 4e-3)) / 4e-3
+        self.assertGreater(mu_thin, 1.3 * mu_thick)                                      # polychromatic beam: hardening with path length
+        self.assertIn('RG0001', h.invoke('records.list')['records'])
+
+    def test_flat_field_validity_and_saturation(self):
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['calibration.flat_field']['valid'])
+        h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=70e3, current_a=150e-6)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.radiograph', 'XRAY_NOT_READY', roi=None)
+        h.step(1.5)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.radiograph', 'FLAT_FIELD_REQUIRED', roi=None)
+        rejected(h, 'calibration.flat_field', 'SAMPLE_IN_BEAM')
+        h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=60e3, current_a=150e-6)
+        h.step(1.5)
+        h.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=None)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('filter.select', position=2)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.radiograph', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', roi=None)
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.radiograph', 'FLAT_FIELD_REQUIRED', roi=None)
+        h.invoke('filter.select', position=0)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('scan.configure', **dict(FAST, binning='2x2'))
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'FLAT_FIELD_REQUIRED')
+        h2 = _scenario('beam')
+        h2.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=50e3, current_a=0.4e-3)
+        h2.invoke('scan.configure', **dict(FAST, exposure_s=10.0))
+        h2.step(3.0)
+        op = h2.invoke('calibration.flat_field')['operation_id']
+        wait(h2, op)
+        r = h2.records[h2.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(r['flat_field']['mean_bright_adu'], rt.FULL_SCALE_ADU)
+        self.assertTrue([x for x in r['warnings'] if '饱和' in x])
+        op = h2.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=None)['operation_id']
+        wait(h2, op)
+        self.assertGreater(h2.records[h2.operations[op]['record_id']]['saturated_fraction'], 0.5)
+
+    def test_edge_resolution_follows_the_focal_spot(self):
+        """Tungsten edge at magnification 10 in a native-pixel ROI: the 10-90 % width of the edge spread function follows the penumbra of the
+        focal spot (5 um at 4 W, 25 um at 20 W) combined with the scintillator spread."""
+        widths = {}
+        for P in (4.0, 20.0):
+            h = prepared(EDGE, dict(FAST, exposure_s=0.5, averaging=4, binning='1x1'), kv=80e3, ia=P / 80e3)
+            u_edge = h.truth['axis_offset'] * rt.SDD_M / SOD_SCAN
+            op = h.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=dict(center_u_m=u_edge, center_v_m=0.0, size_px=128))['operation_id']
+            wait(h, op)
+            e = h.invoke('data.edge_resolution', record_id=h.operations[op]['record_id'])
+            M = rt.SDD_M / SOD_SCAN
+            sig = math.hypot(rt.focal_spot_m(P) / 2.355 * (M - 1) / rt.PIXEL_PITCH_M, rt.DETECTOR_PSF_PX)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(e['width_detector_px'] / (2.563 * sig), 1.0, delta=0.2, msg=(P, e))
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(e['width_10_90_m'], e['width_detector_px'] * rt.PIXEL_PITCH_M / M, delta=1e-12)
+            self.assertLess(abs(e['edge_angle_rad']), 0.01)
+            widths[P] = e['width_10_90_m']
+        self.assertGreater(widths[20.0] / widths[4.0], 1.8)
+        h = _scenario('radiographed')
+        res = h.invoke('data.edge_resolution', record_id='RG0001')         # a porous pellet is no straight edge
+        self.assertIsNone(res['width_10_90_m'])
+
+
+class CTWorkflowPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_projection_count_duration_and_geometry(self):
+        h = _scenario('flat_done')
+        out = h.invoke('scan.configure', **dict(FAST, step_rad=math.radians(1.0)))
+        half_fan = math.atan(rt.DETECTOR_PIXELS[0] * rt.PIXEL_PITCH_M / 2 / rt.SDD_M)
+        n = int(math.floor((math.pi + 2 * half_fan) / math.radians(1.0) + 1e-9)) + 1
+        self.assertEqual(out['projections'], n)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], n * (1 * (0.02 + rt.FRAME_OVERHEAD_S) + rt.STEP_OVERHEAD_S))
+        out = h.invoke('scan.configure', **dict(FAST, range_deg='360', step_rad=math.radians(1.0), averaging=3))
+        self.assertEqual(out['projections'], 360)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], 360 * (3 * (0.02 + rt.FRAME_OVERHEAD_S) + rt.STEP_OVERHEAD_S))
+        h.invoke('scan.configure', **FAST)
+        h.invoke('calibration.flat_field')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=0.050, chuck_z_m=centred_cz(PELLET))
+        settle(h)
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['geometry.magnification'], 9.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['geometry.voxel_size_m'], rt.PIXEL_PITCH_M * 4 / 9.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['geometry.fov_m'][0], 0.1386 / 9.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['geometry.fov_m'][1], 0.1188 / 9.0)
+        led0 = h.ledger()
+        rot0 = h.rot
+        op = h.invoke('scan.start')['operation_id']
+        dur = h.op['duration_s']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(dur, v['scan.duration_s'])
+        h.step(dur - 0.01)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'running')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['measurement.progress'], (dur - 0.01) / dur)
+        h.step(0.02)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'completed')
+        span = math.pi + 2 * half_fan
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt._rot_delta(rot0, h.rot), rt._rot_delta(0.0, span), places=9)
+        r = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(r['projections_nominal'], v['scan.projections'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['magnification'], 9.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['voxel_size_nominal_m'], rt.PIXEL_PITCH_M * 4 / 9.0)
+        L = h.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(L['projections'] - led0['projections'], r['projections_nominal'])
+        self.assertEqual(L['frames'] - led0['frames'], r['projections_nominal'] * FAST['averaging'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['rotation_rad'] - led0['rotation_rad'], span, places=9)
+
+    def test_geometry_calibration_recovers_the_hidden_axis_offset(self):
+        found = {}
+        for seed in (1, 2):
+            h = prepared(CAL, seed=seed, sod=0.050)
+            op = h.invoke('calibration.geometry')['operation_id']
+            self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+            g = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['geometry']
+            self.assertEqual(g['balls'], rt.CAL_BALLS)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(g['axis_offset_m'], h.truth['axis_offset'], delta=2.0e-6)
+            self.assertEqual(h.read()['calibration.geometry']['axis_offset_m'], g['axis_offset_m'])
+            found[seed] = (g['axis_offset_m'], h.truth['axis_offset'])
+        self.assertGreater(abs(found[1][1] - found[2][1]), 5e-6)
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        rejected(h, 'calibration.geometry', 'PHANTOM_REQUIRED')
+
+    def test_axis_alignment_calibrated_manual_and_automatic(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        a = h.truth['axis_offset']
+        vid = recon(h, 'PJ0001', post_alignment=None, auto_alignment=False)
+        self.assertTrue([w for w in h.records[vid]['warnings'] if '未做几何标定' in w])
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[vid]['volume']['axis_offset_used_m'], 0.0)
+        vid = recon(h, 'PJ0001', post_alignment=a + 1e-6, auto_alignment=False)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.records[vid]['volume']['axis_offset_used_m'], a + 1e-6, delta=1e-15)
+        vid = recon(h, 'PJ0001', post_alignment=None, auto_alignment=True, grid='48')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.records[vid]['volume']['axis_offset_used_m'], a, delta=0.35 * rt.PIXEL_PITCH_M * 4 * SOD_SCAN / rt.SDD_M + 5e-6)
+        h.geo_cal = dict(axis_offset_m=a - 2e-6, calibrated_s=h.t)
+        vid = recon(h, 'PJ0001', post_alignment=None, auto_alignment=False)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.records[vid]['volume']['axis_offset_used_m'], a - 2e-6, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[vid]['warnings'], [])
+
+    def test_porosity_and_cracks_against_the_phantom_truth(self):
+        h = prepared(PELLET, FINE)
+        pj = scan(h)
+        vid = recon(h, pj, grid='96', filter='shepp_logan', beam_hardening=0.5, bh_material='alumina', post_alignment=None, auto_alignment=True,
+                    voi=dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], size_m=[0.0066, 0.0066, 0.0066]))
+        p = h.invoke('data.porosity', record_id=vid, region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_pore_voxels=2)
+        tr = rt.sample_truth(h.samples['alumina_pellet'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['porosity'] / tr['porosity'], 1.0, delta=0.25, msg=(p, tr['porosity']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['pore_count'] / tr['pore_count'], 1.0, delta=0.15)
+        d50 = float(np.median(tr['pore_equivalent_diameters_m']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['equivalent_diameter_m']['d50'] / d50, 1.0, delta=0.25)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['open_porosity'] + p['closed_porosity'], p['porosity'], delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['result.last_porosity'], p['porosity'])
+        att = h.invoke('data.attenuation', record_id=vid, region=None)
+        self.assertGreater(att['mean_1_m'], 300.0)
+        sl = h.invoke('data.slice', record_id=vid, axis='z', position_m=0.0, size_px=32)
+        self.assertEqual(len(sl['mu_1_m']), 32)
+        rejected(h, 'data.slice', 'OUT_OF_VOLUME', record_id=vid, axis='z', position_m=0.01, size_px=32)
+        rejected(h, 'data.porosity', 'INVALID_REGION', record_id=vid, region=dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], radius_m=0.001, z_min_m=0.001, z_max_m=0.0),
+                 threshold_1_m=None, min_pore_voxels=2)
+        rejected(h, 'data.porosity', 'RECORD_NOT_SUITABLE', record_id=pj, region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_pore_voxels=2)
+        h2 = prepared(CRACKED, FINE)
+        pj2 = scan(h2)
+        vid2 = recon(h2, pj2, grid='96', beam_hardening=0.5, bh_material='alumina', post_alignment=None, auto_alignment=True,
+                     voi=dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], size_m=[0.0066, 0.0066, 0.0066]))
+        c = h2.invoke('data.cracks', record_id=vid2, region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_voxels=20)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(c['crack_count'], 1, c)
+        big = c['cracks'][0]
+        self.assertGreater(abs(big['normal'][0]), 0.9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(big['area_m2'] / (math.pi * 0.0022 ** 2), 1.0, delta=0.5)
+        c0 = h.invoke('data.cracks', record_id=vid, region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_voxels=20)
+        self.assertEqual(c0['crack_count'], 0)                            # the 30 um crack of the pellet is below the 69 um voxels
+
+    def test_beam_hardening_cupping_and_its_linearisation(self):
+        h = prepared(DENSE, dict(FAST, step_rad=math.radians(1.0), exposure_s=0.1, binning='2x2'))
+        pj = scan(h)
+        a = h.truth['axis_offset']
+        out = {}
+        for bh in (0.0, 1.0):
+            vid = recon(h, pj, grid='64', beam_hardening=bh, bh_material='alumina' if bh else None, post_alignment=a,
+                        voi=dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], size_m=[0.0068, 0.0068, 0.002]))
+            d = h._data[vid]
+            _, rr = cylinder_mask(d, 1.0)
+            v = d['volume']
+            out[bh] = (float(v[rr < 0.0008].mean()), float(v[(rr > 0.0022) & (rr < 0.0027)].mean()))
+        cup0 = (out[0.0][1] - out[0.0][0]) / out[0.0][1]
+        cup1 = (out[1.0][1] - out[1.0][0]) / out[1.0][1]
+        self.assertGreater(cup0, 0.10)
+        self.assertLess(abs(cup1), 0.02)
+        e_mean = h._data[pj]['grp']['mean_e']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out[1.0][0] / float(rt.linear_mu('alumina', [e_mean])[0][0]), 1.0, delta=0.03)
+        rejected(h, 'recon.start', 'UNKNOWN_SUBSTANCE', **dict(RECON_FAST, record_id=pj, beam_hardening=1.0, bh_material='kryptonite'))
+
+    def test_ring_artefacts_dead_columns_ring_correction_and_random_movement(self):
+        def run(fault, rm, ring):
+            h = prepared(ROD, dict(FAST, range_deg='360', step_rad=math.radians(1.0), exposure_s=0.1, binning='2x2', random_movement=rm))
+            if fault:
+                h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='detector_defects', active=True)
+            pj = scan(h)
+            vid = recon(h, pj, grid='64', ring_correction=ring, post_alignment=h.truth['axis_offset'],
+                        voi=dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], size_m=[0.005, 0.005, 0.002]))
+            d = h._data[vid]
+            m, _ = cylinder_mask(d, 0.0017)
+            return float(d['volume'][m].std())
+        clean, dead, corrected, moved = run(False, False, 0.0), run(True, False, 0.0), run(True, False, 1.0), run(True, True, 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(dead, 4 * clean)
+        self.assertLess(corrected, 1.5 * clean)
+        self.assertLess(moved, 0.9 * dead)
+
+    def test_dose_and_energy_ledger_close(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        L = h.ledger()
+        sinks = sum(L[k] for k in rt.ENERGY_SINKS)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['energy_residual_j']), 1e-12 * L['xray_emitted_j'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sinks / L['xray_emitted_j'], 1.0, places=12)
+        for k in rt.ENERGY_SINKS:
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(L[k], 0.0, k)
+        for k in ('sample_absorbed_j', 'sample_scattered_j', 'detector_absorbed_j', 'detector_passed_j', 'air_absorbed_j', 'target_absorbed_j'):
+            self.assertGreater(L[k], 0.0, k)
+        self.assertLess(L['xray_emitted_j'] / L['electrical_energy_j'], rt.KRAMERS_K_PER_V * 74 * 60e3 * 1.0000001)   # efficiency eta = K Z V
+        s = h.samples['alumina_pellet']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['sample_dose_gy'], s['dose_gy'], delta=1e-12 * s['dose_gy'])
+        r = h.records['PJ0001']
+        self.assertGreater(r['dose_gy'], 0.0)
+        g = copy.deepcopy(h)                                             # steady beam: dE/dt = K Z V^2 I, electrical V I
+        L0 = g.ledger()
+        g.step(10.0)
+        L1 = g.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L1['electrical_energy_j'] - L0['electrical_energy_j'], 60e3 * 150e-6 * 10.0, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L1['xray_emitted_j'] - L0['xray_emitted_j'], rt.KRAMERS_K_PER_V * 74 * 60e3 ** 2 * 150e-6 * 10.0, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L1['xray_on_s'] - L0['xray_on_s'], 10.0, delta=1e-9)
+
+
+class FaultsCancelAndData(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_cancel_scan_and_recon_keep_the_remnants(self):
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a1')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='scan.start', arguments={}, request_id='s1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        h.step(4.0)
+        rot = h.rot
+        c = s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(c['result']['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1'), c)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c2')
+        rid = h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[rid]['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[rid]['reason'], 'USER_CANCEL')
+        self.assertNotIn(rid, h._data)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.rot, rot)
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['status'], 'cancelled')
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a1')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='recon.start', arguments=RECON_FAST, request_id='r1')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['recon.id'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']]['status'], 'cancelled')
+
+    def test_data_eviction_fails_a_pending_reconstruction(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        op = h.invoke('recon.start', **RECON_FAST)['operation_id']
+        for _ in range(8):
+            o = h.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=None)['operation_id']
+            wait(h, o, dt=0.01)
+        self.assertNotIn('PJ0001', h._data)
+        wait(h, op)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['reason'], 'DATA_EVICTED')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['status'], 'failed')
+        rejected(h, 'data.porosity', 'RECORD_NOT_SUITABLE', record_id=h.operations[op]['record_id'], region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_pore_voxels=2)
+
+    def test_scan_and_reconstruction_run_in_parallel(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        op_r = h.invoke('recon.start', **RECON_FAST)['operation_id']
+        rejected(h, 'recon.start', 'RECON_BUSY', **RECON_FAST)
+        op_s = h.invoke('scan.start')['operation_id']
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertEqual(v['measurement.kind'], 'projections')
+        self.assertEqual(v['recon.id'], h.operations[op_r]['record_id'])
+        self.assertGreater(v['recon.remaining_s'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op_r), 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op_s]['phase'], 'running')
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op_s), 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['result.last_record_id'], h.operations[op_s]['record_id'])
+
+    def test_records_full(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        r = h.records['PJ0001']
+        for i in range(rt.MAX_RECORDS - len(h.records)):
+            h.records[f'X{i:04d}'] = dict(copy.deepcopy(r), record_id=f'X{i:04d}', finished_s=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'RECORDS_FULL')
+        rejected(h, 'xray.radiograph', 'RECORDS_FULL', roi=None)
+        rejected(h, 'recon.start', 'RECORDS_FULL', **RECON_FAST)
+
+
+class LedgersIsolationSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = _scenario('positioned'), _scenario('positioned')
+        b2 = copy.deepcopy(b.read('evaluator'))
+        a.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=1.0)
+        a.step(3.0)
+        a.invoke('fault.inject', fault='xray_arc', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(_changed(b.read('evaluator'), b2))
+        c = configured(seed=2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(c.truth['axis_offset'], a.truth['axis_offset'])
+
+    def test_agent_does_not_see_truth_faults_or_templates(self):
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('judge', 'evaluator')
+        s, e = h.session('agent'), h.session('judge')
+        obs = s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        self.assertTrue([k for k in e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations'] if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['truth.axis_offset_m'])
+        d = s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        for k in ('fault.inject', 'ledger.read', 'plant.configure', 'sample.provide', 'sim.step'):
+            self.assertNotIn(k, d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.samples', d['state_slots'])
+        for k in ('fault.inject', 'ledger.read'):
+            r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=k, arguments=rt.CAPS[k]['example_arguments'], request_id='x' + k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='fault.inject', arguments=dict(fault='detector_defects', active=True), request_id='f1')
+        ev = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e1')['result']['events']
+        self.assertFalse([x for x in ev if x['kind'] == 'fault'])
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='scan.start', arguments={}, request_id='m1')
+        wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        rid = h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        res = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='r1')['result']
+        self.assertEqual(res['template_source']['substances'], [])
+        self.assertIsNone(res['dose_gy'])                                   # the dose follows the true sample mass
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['result']['template_source']['substances'], [])
+        self.assertIsNone(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['result']['dose_gy'])
+        full = e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='r2')['result']
+        self.assertEqual(full['template_source']['substances'], ['al', 'alumina'])
+        self.assertGreater(full['dose_gy'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(e.poll(r['operation_id'])['status'], 'completed')   # evaluators observe every operation
+        self.assertEqual(s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'], rid)
+
+    def test_records_and_control_belong_to_their_agent(self):
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='scan.start', arguments={}, request_id='m1')
+        h.step(0.5)
+        o2 = s2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertTrue(o2['measurement.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(o2['measurement.id']['value'])
+        x = s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stage.rotate', arguments=dict(angle_rad=0.1), request_id='s1')
+        self.assertEqual(x['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s2.poll(r['operation_id'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s2.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+        wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        rid = h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        v = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='recon.start', arguments=dict(RECON_FAST, record_id=rid), request_id='v1')
+        wait(h, v['operation_id'])
+        vid = h.operations[v['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        for cap, args in (('measurement.result', dict(record_id=rid)), ('recon.start', dict(RECON_FAST, record_id=rid)),
+                          ('data.porosity', dict(record_id=vid, region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_pore_voxels=2))):
+            self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='q' + cap)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertNotIn(rid, s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='l1')['result']['records'])
+        self.assertEqual(s2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'], 'FF0001')    # the host's record only
+        s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='data.porosity', arguments=dict(record_id=vid, region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_pore_voxels=2),
+                  request_id='p1')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(s1.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_porosity']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(s2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_porosity']['value'])
+        a = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stage.rotate', arguments=dict(angle_rad=0.2), request_id='s9')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stage.rotate', arguments=dict(angle_rad=0.2), request_id='s9'), a)
+        c = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stage.rotate', arguments=dict(angle_rad=0.3), request_id='s9')
+        self.assertEqual(c['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id='other', capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='z')['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='scan.start', arguments={}, request_id='m2')
+        h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='emergency.stop', arguments={}, request_id='es')['result']['stopped'])   # always works
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s1.write(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_id='xray.voltage_set_v', value=50e3, request_id='w1')
+
+    def test_queries_and_bookkeeping(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        p = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual(p['substances'], len(rt.library()['substances']))
+        self.assertEqual(len(p['library_sha256']), 64)
+        codes = [e['code'] for e in h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        for c in ('POWER_ON', 'READY', 'SAMPLE_PROVIDED', 'SAMPLE_PLACED', 'DOOR_OPEN', 'DOOR_CLOSED', 'WARMUP', 'XRAY_ON', 'WARMUP_DONE', 'OP_DONE'):
+            self.assertIn(c, codes)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('events.read', since_s=h.t + 1.0)['events'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.list')['records'], ['FF0001', 'PJ0001'])
+        rejected(h, 'measurement.result', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', record_id='PJ9999')
+        rejected(h, 'recon.start', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', **dict(RECON_FAST, record_id='PJ9999'))
+        rejected(h, 'recon.start', 'RECORD_NOT_SUITABLE', **dict(RECON_FAST, record_id='FF0001'))
+        rejected(h, 'recon.start', 'INVALID_VOI', **dict(RECON_FAST, voi=dict(center_m=[0.02, 0.0, 0.0], size_m=[0.001, 0.001, 0.001])))
+        rejected(h, 'data.edge_resolution', 'RECORD_NOT_SUITABLE', record_id='PJ0001')
+        r = h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id='FF0001')
+        self.assertEqual(r['kind'], 'flat_field')
+        self.assertEqual(r['flat_field']['frames'], rt.FLAT_FIELD_FRAMES)
+
+    def test_go_to_rotate_and_host_step(self):
+        h = _scenario('flat_done')
+        out = h.invoke('stage.go_to', position='center')
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertEqual((h.sod, h.cz), (rt.CENTER_POSITION['sod'], rt.CENTER_POSITION['cz']))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.position_label'], 'center')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], max(abs(rt.CENTER_POSITION['sod'] - rt.LOAD_POSITION['sod']) / rt.CARRIAGE_SPEED_M_S,
+                                                      abs(rt.CENTER_POSITION['cz'] - rt.LOAD_POSITION['cz']) / rt.LIFT_SPEED_M_S))
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=0.2, chuck_z_m=0.31)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['stage.position_label'])
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=6.0)                           # the shortest way from 0 is backwards
+        h.step(0.1)
+        self.assertGreater(h.rot, 6.0)
+        t = h.t
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=4.0)['time_s'], t + 4.0)
+
+
+class RuntimeReviewRound1Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_F01_short_scan_parker_weights_give_a_uniform_disc(self):
+        """Exact line integrals of a 16 mm disc (mu 100 1/m): the 180 deg + fan reconstruction is as uniform as the 360 deg one."""
+        h = rt.BrukerX4PoseidonRuntime()
+        sod, R, mu = 0.10, 0.008, 100.0
+        span = math.pi + 2 * math.atan(rt.DETECTOR_PIXELS[0] * rt.PIXEL_PITCH_M / 2 / rt.SDD_M)
+        for full in (False, True):
+            n_p = 360
+            angles = np.array([2 * math.pi * k / n_p for k in range(n_p)]) if full else np.array([span * k / (n_p - 1) for k in range(n_p)])
+            nu, nv = 192, 6
+            pitch = 2 * R * rt.SDD_M / sod * 1.2 / nu
+            w = dict(u0=-nu / 2 * pitch, v1=nv / 2 * pitch, pitch=pitch, nu=nu, nv=nv, binning=1)
+            D, _, _, _ = h._window_rays(w)
+            q = []
+            for b in angles:
+                S, Ds = h._to_sample(dict(pin=None), D, sod, rt.SOURCE_XYZ_M[2], b, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+                c1, c2 = rt._cyl(S, Ds, R)
+                q.append((mu * np.clip(c2 - c1, 0.0, None)).reshape(nv, nu))
+            vol, origin, voxel = h._fdk(np.array(q), angles, full, 2 * math.pi if full else span, sod, w, 0.0, 48, 'ram_lak',
+                                        dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], size_m=[0.012, 0.012, 0.0005]))
+            xs = origin[0] + np.arange(vol.shape[2]) * voxel
+            ys = origin[1] + np.arange(vol.shape[1]) * voxel
+            Y, X = np.meshgrid(ys, xs, indexing='ij')
+            sl = vol[vol.shape[0] // 2] / mu
+            inside = np.hypot(X, Y) < 0.8 * R
+            self.assertLess(float(np.abs(sl[inside] - 1).max()), 0.005, full)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(float(sl[inside & (Y > 0.001)].mean()), float(sl[inside & (Y < -0.001)].mean()), delta=0.002)
+
+    def test_F02_the_swept_path_of_carriage_and_lift_is_checked(self):
+        tall = dict(DENSE, sample_id='tall_rod', diameter_m=0.040, height_m=0.100, pin=None,
+                    layers=[dict(thickness_m=0.100, materials=[dict(substance_id='nist_pmma', volume_fraction=1.0)])])
+        h = loaded(tall)
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=0.250, chuck_z_m=0.399)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertTrue(h._geometry_ok(0.030, 0.160))                     # the target itself is clear ...
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move', 'COLLISION_RISK', sod_m=0.030, chuck_z_m=0.160)   # ... but the path crosses the source keep-out
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=0.250, chuck_z_m=0.160)               # lower first, then approach
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=0.030, chuck_z_m=0.160)
+        while busy(h):
+            self.assertTrue(h._geometry_ok(h.sod, h.cz), (h.sod, h.cz))
+            h.step(0.1)
+        self.assertEqual((h.sod, h.cz), (0.030, 0.160))
+
+    def test_F03_integral_floats_in_nested_integer_fields(self):
+        a, b = configured(), configured()
+        a.invoke('sample.provide', **dict(PELLET, sample_id='p', pores=dict(PELLET['pores'], count=120.0, seed=7.0)))
+        b.invoke('sample.provide', **dict(PELLET, sample_id='p'))
+        self.assertEqual(a.samples['p']['_pores'], b.samples['p']['_pores'])
+        h = prepared(PELLET)
+        op = h.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=dict(center_u_m=0.0, center_v_m=0.0, size_px=64.0))['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+
+    def test_F04_only_the_pin_in_the_field_is_not_a_scan(self):
+        high = dict(DENSE, sample_id='high_body', pin=dict(substance_id='al', diameter_m=0.003, length_m=0.060))
+        h = prepared(high, cz=0.348)                                     # body 8-14 mm above the beam, field +-5.9 mm at the axis
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'SAMPLE_NOT_IN_FIELD')
+
+    def test_F05_dose_counts_only_the_sample_body(self):
+        def rate(s):
+            h = loaded(s)
+            h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=SOD_SCAN, chuck_z_m=centred_cz(s))
+            settle(h)
+            beam(h)
+            d0 = h.samples[s['sample_id']].get('dose_gy', 0.0)
+            h.step(20.0)
+            return (h.samples[s['sample_id']]['dose_gy'] - d0) / 20.0, h
+        al, h = rate(DENSE)
+        pb, _ = rate(dict(DENSE, sample_id='pb_pin', pin=dict(substance_id='pb', diameter_m=0.003, length_m=0.035)))
+        cont, hc = rate(dict(DENSE, sample_id='pb_cont', container=dict(substance_id='pb', wall_m=0.3e-3)))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pb / al, 1.0, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertLess(cont, 0.2 * al)
+        self.assertGreater(hc.ledger()['holder_absorbed_j'], hc.ledger()['sample_absorbed_j'])
+
+    def test_F06_small_sample_absorbed_power_follows_the_inverse_square_law(self):
+        tiny = dict(DENSE, sample_id='tiny', diameter_m=0.001, height_m=0.001, layers=[dict(thickness_m=0.001, materials=[dict(substance_id='alumina', volume_fraction=1.0)])])
+        h = loaded(tiny)
+        beam(h)
+        out = {}
+        for sod in (0.10, 0.20):
+            h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=sod, chuck_z_m=centred_cz(tiny))
+            settle(h)
+            out[sod] = h._energy_rates()['sample_absorbed_j']
+        self.assertGreater(out[0.10], 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out[0.10] / out[0.20], (0.20 / 0.10) ** 2 * math.exp(0.0), delta=0.3)
+
+    def test_F07_set_point_change_during_the_warm_up(self):
+        base = loaded(PELLET)
+        base.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=SOD_SCAN, chuck_z_m=centred_cz(PELLET))
+        settle(base)
+        base.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=20e3, current_a=150e-6)
+        base.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)
+        base.step(162.0)
+        v0 = base.xv
+        base.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=100e3, current_a=150e-6)
+        base.step(1e-6)
+        self.assertLess(abs(base.xv - v0), 1.0)                           # the program keeps its end point: no jump
+        a, b = copy.deepcopy(base), copy.deepcopy(base)
+        a.step(30.0)
+        for _ in range(3000):
+            b.step(0.01)
+        for k, v in a.ledger().items():
+            if k != 'energy_residual_j':
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(v, b.ledger()[k], delta=1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(v)), msg=k)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.xv, min(100e3, 20e3 + (30.0 - (rt.WARMUP_S - 162.0 - 1e-6)) * rt.KV_RAMP_V_S), delta=1.0)
+
+    def test_F09_F10_F11_detector_field_and_region_limits(self):
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        rejected(h, 'xray.radiograph', 'ROI_OUTSIDE_DETECTOR', roi=dict(center_u_m=0.07, center_v_m=0.06, size_px=256))
+        h.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=dict(center_u_m=0.05, center_v_m=0.04, size_px=64))
+        h2 = _scenario('scanned')
+        for voi in (dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.15], size_m=[0.002, 0.002, 0.002]), dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, -0.15], size_m=[0.01, 0.01, 0.2])):
+            rejected(h2, 'recon.start', 'INVALID_VOI', **dict(RECON_FAST, voi=voi))
+        h3 = prepared(CAL, sod=0.030)
+        rejected(h3, 'calibration.geometry', 'PHANTOM_NOT_IN_FIELD')
+
+    def test_F12_auto_alignment_needs_the_central_plane(self):
+        h = prepared(DENSE, dict(FAST, step_rad=math.radians(1.0), exposure_s=0.1, binning='2x2'), cz=centred_cz(DENSE) - 0.004, seed=3)
+        pj = scan(h)
+        vid = recon(h, pj, post_alignment=None, auto_alignment=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[vid]['volume']['axis_offset_used_m'], 0.0)
+        self.assertTrue([w for w in h.records[vid]['warnings'] if '中心平面' in w])
+
+    def test_F13_the_brass_chuck_attenuates(self):
+        nopin = dict(DENSE, sample_id='nopin', pin=None)
+        h = loaded(nopin)
+        h.invoke('scan.configure', **dict(FAST, binning='2x2', exposure_s=0.1))
+        beam(h)
+        flat(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=0.080, chuck_z_m=0.397)
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'calibration.flat_field', 'SAMPLE_IN_BEAM')
+        op = h.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=None)['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        self.assertLess(h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['transmission']['min'], 0.01)   # chuck and housing are opaque
+
+    def test_F14_safety_button_pressed_while_switched_off(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('emergency.stop')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.error_code'], 'EMERGENCY_STOP')
+        h.invoke('emergency.release')
+        rejected(h, 'door.open', 'ERROR_PENDING')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('system.acknowledge')['cleared'], 'EMERGENCY_STOP')
+        h.invoke('door.open')
+
+    def test_F15_F17_latched_errors_are_deterministic_and_not_overwritten(self):
+        h = configured()
+        for f in ('rotation_stall', 'xray_arc', 'door_sensor'):
+            h.invoke('fault.inject', fault=f, active=True)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.error_code'], 'INTERLOCK_FAULT')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='door_sensor', active=False)
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.error_code'], 'XRAY_ARC')        # the next persisting cause latches its own error
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='xray_arc', active=False)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='rotation_stall', active=False)
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        h2 = _scenario('beam')
+        h2.invoke('fault.inject', fault='xray_arc', active=True)
+        h2.invoke('fault.inject', fault='xray_arc', active=False)
+        h2.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0))
+        h2.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE))
+        h2.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h2.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h2.read()['system.error_code'], 'XRAY_ARC')
+        rejected(h2, 'xray.enable', 'ERROR_PENDING', enabled=True)
+
+    def test_F16_the_target_absorbs_the_back_half_and_its_self_absorption(self):
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        L0 = h.ledger()
+        h.step(20.0)
+        L1 = h.ledger()
+        em = L1['xray_emitted_j'] - L0['xray_emitted_j']
+        self.assertGreater((L1['target_absorbed_j'] - L0['target_absorbed_j']) / em, 0.5)
+        self.assertLess((L1['shielding_j'] - L0['shielding_j']) / em, 0.5)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L1['energy_residual_j'] - L0['energy_residual_j']), 1e-12 * em)
+
+    def test_F19_mass_is_consistent_with_the_ray_traced_geometry(self):
+        h = configured()
+        incl = dict(DENSE, sample_id='incl', inclusions=[dict(substance_id='w', center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.003], radius_m=0.0015)])
+        crk = dict(DENSE, sample_id='crk', cracks=[dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.003], normal=[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], radius_m=0.0025, aperture_m=1e-3)])
+        body = math.pi * 0.003 ** 2 * 0.006
+        vi = 4 / 3 * math.pi * 0.0015 ** 3
+        vc = math.pi * 0.0025 ** 2 * 1e-3
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('sample.provide', **incl)['mass_kg'], (body - vi) * rt.density('alumina') + vi * rt.density('w'), delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('sample.provide', **crk)['mass_kg'], (body - vc) * rt.density('alumina'), delta=1e-12)
+
+    def test_F20_F21_empty_region_and_evicted_projection_data(self):
+        h = _scenario('reconstructed')
+        rejected(h, 'data.attenuation', 'INVALID_REGION', record_id='VO0001', region=dict(center_m=[0.19, 0.19, 0.0], radius_m=0.001, z_min_m=0.15, z_max_m=0.2))
+        for _ in range(8):
+            o = h.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=None)['operation_id']
+            wait(h, o, dt=0.01)
+        rejected(h, 'recon.start', 'DATA_NOT_CACHED', **RECON_FAST)
+
+    def test_F22_saturated_and_starved_bright_fields(self):
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=0.25, chuck_z_m=0.16)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=60e3, current_a=150e-6)
+        h.invoke('scan.configure', **dict(FAST, exposure_s=0.1))
+        h.step(1.0)
+        op = h.invoke('calibration.flat_field')['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['flat_field']['mean_bright_adu'], rt.FULL_SCALE_ADU)
+        op = h.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=dict(center_u_m=0.05, center_v_m=0.045, size_px=32))['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['transmission']['mean'], 1.0, delta=0.02)   # air, clipped bright field
+        h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=20e3, current_a=1e-6)
+        h.invoke('filter.select', position=5)
+        h.invoke('scan.configure', **dict(FAST, binning='1x1'))
+        settle(h)
+        h.step(3.0)
+        op = h.invoke('calibration.flat_field')['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        self.assertTrue([w for w in h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['warnings'] if '亮场信号不足' in w])
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['calibration.flat_field']['valid'])
+        rejected(h, 'xray.radiograph', 'FLAT_FIELD_REQUIRED', roi=None)
+
+    def test_F23_records_can_be_deleted(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        r = h.records['PJ0001']
+        for i in range(rt.MAX_RECORDS - len(h.records)):
+            h.records[f'X{i:04d}'] = dict(copy.deepcopy(r), record_id=f'X{i:04d}', finished_s=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.radiograph', 'RECORDS_FULL', roi=None)
+        op = h.invoke('recon.start', **RECON_FAST)['operation_id'] if len(h.records) < rt.MAX_RECORDS else None
+        self.assertIsNone(op)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.delete', record_id='X0000')['remaining'], rt.MAX_RECORDS - 1)
+        op = h.invoke('recon.start', **RECON_FAST)['operation_id']
+        rejected(h, 'records.delete', 'RECORD_IN_USE', record_id='PJ0001')
+        rejected(h, 'records.delete', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', record_id='X0000')
+        wait(h, op)
+        h.invoke('records.delete', record_id='PJ0001')
+        self.assertNotIn('PJ0001', h.invoke('records.list')['records'])
+
+    def test_F25_porosity_belongs_to_the_agent_that_ran_it(self):
+        h = _scenario('reconstructed')
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='data.porosity', arguments=dict(record_id='VO0001', region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_pore_voxels=2),
+                      request_id='p1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(s1.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_porosity']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(s2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_porosity']['value'])
+
+    def test_F26_F27_units_are_si_and_no_inert_gain_pattern(self):
+        si = {'1', 'm', 's', 'V', 'A', 'W', 'J', 'K', 'kg', 'rad', 'Gy', '1/m', 'm2', 'rad/s', 'm/s', 'V/s', 'A/s', '1/s', '1/V', '1/J', 'kg/m3'}
+        bad = []
+
+        def walk(x, path=''):
+            if isinstance(x, dict):
+                for k, v in x.items():
+                    if k in ('x-unit', 'unit') and isinstance(v, str) and v not in si:
+                        bad.append((path + '.' + k, v))
+                    walk(v, path + '.' + k)
+            elif isinstance(x, list):
+                for i, v in enumerate(x):
+                    walk(v, f'{path}[{i}]')
+        walk(_meta())
+        self.assertEqual(bad, [])
+        self.assertNotIn('gain', configured().truth)
+
+
+
+def _ordered_reference(h, pose, n=120, nu=None, nv=None, chunk=6000):
+    """Independent reference for the ledger's sample-body absorption: a dense grid (nu x nv, default n x n) over the projection box of the
+    body's rotation envelope at all angles (its own box, not the runtime's), every object's entry / exit parameters along each ray (stage
+    housing, chuck, pin, container near and far wall, body), sorted by entry, sequential attenuation; each object absorbs the mu_en / mu share
+    of what it removes from the beam reaching it (J per electron)."""
+    key = h._rate_key(pose)
+    kv, fpos = key[0] * rt.RATE_KV_CELL_V, key[1]
+    sod, cz, rot = key[4] * rt.RATE_POS_CELL_M, key[5] * rt.RATE_POS_CELL_M, key[6] * rt.RATE_ROT_CELL_RAD
+    s = h.samples[h.on_stage]
+    e, _ = rt.unabsorbed_spectrum(kv)
+    _, ph = rt.beam_spectrum(kv, fpos)
+    c = rt.SDD_M * math.tan(rt.CONE_HALF_ANGLE_RAD)
+    renv = rt.sample_radius_total(s) + math.hypot(s['offset_x_m'], s['offset_y_m'])
+    uc, uh = rt.SDD_M * h.truth['axis_offset'] / sod, rt.SDD_M * renv / math.sqrt(sod * sod - renv * renv) * 1.02 + 2 * rt.PIXEL_PITCH_M
+    z0 = cz - rt.SOURCE_XYZ_M[2] + (s['pin']['length_m'] if s['pin'] else 0.0)
+    vv = [rt.SDD_M * z / (sod + sg * renv) for z in (z0, z0 + s['height_m']) for sg in (-1, 1)]
+    pad = 0.02 * (max(vv) - min(vv)) + 2 * rt.PIXEL_PITCH_M
+    u0, u1, v0, v1 = max(uc - uh, -c), min(uc + uh, c), max(min(vv) - pad, -c), min(max(vv) + pad, c)
+    nu, nv = nu or n, nv or n
+    pu, pv = (u1 - u0) / nu, (v1 - v0) / nv
+    U, V = np.meshgrid(u0 + (np.arange(nu) + 0.5) * pu, v0 + (np.arange(nv) + 0.5) * pv)
+    U, V = U.ravel(), V.ravel()
+    mu_air = rt.linear_mu('nist_air', e)[0]
+    coef = {}
+
+    def mu(m):
+        if m not in coef:
+            coef[m] = rt.linear_mu(m, e)
+        return coef[m]
+
+    def inter(t1, t2, lo, hi):
+        return np.maximum(t1, lo), np.minimum(t2, hi)
+    body = 0.0
+    for k0 in range(0, len(U), chunk):
+        P = np.stack([np.full(len(U[k0:k0 + chunk]), rt.SDD_M), U[k0:k0 + chunk], V[k0:k0 + chunk]], -1)
+        r = np.linalg.norm(P, axis=1)
+        D, om = P / r[:, None], pu * pv * rt.SDD_M / r ** 3
+        S, Ds, ax, ay, zt = h._frame(s, D, sod, cz, rot, h.truth['axis_offset'])
+        segs = []                                                     # (entry, exit, {material: path} or material, is body)
+        for sid, rad, za, zb in (('cu', rt.CHUCK_R_M, zt - rt.CHUCK_H_M, zt), ('al', rt.STAGE_HOUSING_R_M, zt - rt.CHUCK_H_M - rt.STAGE_H_M, zt - rt.CHUCK_H_M)):
+            segs.append(inter(*rt._cyl(S, Ds, rad, ax, ay), *rt._slab(S, Ds, za, zb, 2)) + (sid, False))
+        if s['pin']:
+            segs.append(inter(*rt._cyl(S, Ds, s['pin']['diameter_m'] / 2), *rt._slab(S, Ds, -s['pin']['length_m'], 0.0, 2)) + (s['pin']['substance_id'], False))
+        R = s['diameter_m'] / 2
+        zl, zh = rt._slab(S, Ds, 0.0, s['height_m'], 2)
+        il, ih = inter(*rt._cyl(S, Ds, R), zl, zh)
+        segs.append((il, ih, rt.body_paths(s, S, Ds), True))
+        if s['container']:
+            ol, oh = inter(*rt._cyl(S, Ds, R + s['container']['wall_m']), zl, zh)
+            has = ih > il
+            segs.append((ol, np.where(has, il, oh), s['container']['substance_id'], False))
+            segs.append((np.where(has, ih, oh), oh, s['container']['substance_id'], False))
+        MT, ME, entry = [], [], []
+        for lo, hi, mat, _ in segs:
+            with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
+                L = np.clip(hi - lo, 0.0, None)
+            L = np.where(np.isfinite(L), L, 0.0)
+            paths = mat if isinstance(mat, dict) else {mat: L}
+            MT.append(sum((np.outer(v, mu(m)[0]) for m, v in paths.items()), np.zeros((len(om), len(e)))))
+            ME.append(sum((np.outer(v, mu(m)[1]) for m, v in paths.items()), np.zeros((len(om), len(e)))))
+            entry.append(np.where(L > 0, lo, np.inf))
+        order = np.argsort(np.stack(entry, 1), 1)
+        MT, ME = np.stack(MT), np.stack(ME)
+        isbody = np.array([x[3] for x in segs])
+        cur = ph[None, :] * np.exp(-np.outer(r, mu_air))
+        rows = np.arange(len(om))
+        for p_ in range(len(segs)):
+            k = order[:, p_]
+            mt, me = MT[k, rows], ME[k, rows]
+            Tk = np.exp(-mt)
+            A = np.divide(cur * (1 - Tk) * me, mt, out=np.zeros_like(cur), where=mt > 0) * e[None, :]
+            sel = isbody[k]
+            body += float((om[sel] @ A[sel]).sum()) * 0.5 * rt.KEV
+            cur = cur * Tk
+    return body
+
+
+class RuntimeReviewRound2Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the findings of the second independent runtime review (F28-F32)."""
+
+    def test_F28_objects_absorb_in_their_order_along_the_ray(self):
+        """The ledger follows each ray through the stage hardware, pin, container walls and body in their order (independent sorted-interval
+        reference); the body's dose does not depend on what lies behind it."""
+        disc = dict(DENSE, sample_id='disc', pin=None, diameter_m=0.060, height_m=0.0005,
+                    layers=[dict(thickness_m=0.0005, materials=[dict(substance_id='alumina', volume_fraction=1.0)])])
+        cases = [(dict(DENSE, sample_id='on_chuck', pin=None), 0.045, 0.0), (dict(DENSE, sample_id='low_on_chuck', pin=None), 0.045, -0.002),
+                 (dict(DENSE, sample_id='pb_tube', container=dict(substance_id='pb', wall_m=0.3e-3)), 0.045, 0.0), (disc, 0.200, 0.0)]
+        rates = {}
+        for s, sod, dz in cases:
+            h = loaded(s)
+            pose = dict(xv=60e3, rot=0.0, sod=sod, cz=centred_cz(s) + dz, slide=h.slide)
+            b, _ = h._base_rates(pose)
+            rates[s['sample_id']] = b['sample_absorbed_j']
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(b['sample_absorbed_j'] / _ordered_reference(h, pose), 1.0, delta=0.03, msg=s['sample_id'])
+            self.assertLess(abs(b['xray_emitted_j'] - sum(b[k] for k in rt.ENERGY_SINKS)), 1e-12 * b['xray_emitted_j'])
+            self.assertTrue(all(b[k] >= 0.0 for k in rt.ENERGY_SINKS))
+        h = loaded(DENSE)
+        b, _ = h._base_rates(dict(xv=60e3, rot=0.0, sod=0.045, cz=centred_cz(DENSE), slide=h.slide))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rates['on_chuck'] / b['sample_absorbed_j'], 1.0, delta=0.005)      # pin or chuck behind the body: same dose
+
+    def test_F29_thin_tall_samples_get_enough_ledger_rays(self):
+        """Thin tall samples on and off the rotation axis: the fine ledger rays cover the body's projection at the cell's angle with at least
+        16 rays across (a box over every angle left an off-axis fibre between the rays in some cells)."""
+        needle = dict(DENSE, sample_id='needle', diameter_m=0.0005, height_m=0.100,
+                      layers=[dict(thickness_m=0.100, materials=[dict(substance_id='alumina', volume_fraction=1.0)])])
+        h = loaded(needle)
+        pose = dict(xv=60e3, rot=0.0, sod=0.300, cz=centred_cz(needle), slide=h.slide)
+        b, _ = h._base_rates(pose)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['sample_absorbed_j'] / _ordered_reference(h, pose, 160), 1.0, delta=0.04)
+        fibre = dict(DENSE, sample_id='fibre', diameter_m=0.0005, height_m=0.050,
+                     layers=[dict(thickness_m=0.050, materials=[dict(substance_id='alumina', volume_fraction=1.0)])])
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **fibre)
+        h.invoke('door.open')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='fibre', offset_x_m=0.005, offset_y_m=0.0)          # 5 mm off the rotation axis
+        ratios = []
+        for k in range(0, rt.RATE_ROT_CELLS, 4):
+            pose = dict(xv=60e3, rot=k * rt.RATE_ROT_CELL_RAD, sod=0.300, cz=centred_cz(fibre), slide=h.slide)
+            b, _ = h._base_rates(pose)
+            ratios.append(b['sample_absorbed_j'] / _ordered_reference(h, pose, nu=2400, nv=40))
+        self.assertLess(max(abs(x - 1.0) for x in ratios), 0.06, ratios)
+
+    def test_F30_moves_along_a_keep_out_boundary_are_accepted(self):
+        """The carriage reaches the chuck's source-side limit first and the lift then runs along it: the corner of the swept path lies exactly
+        on the carriage target, so rounding cannot put it inside the keep-out."""
+        h = loaded(DENSE)
+        xb = rt.FILTER_CLEAR_M + rt.COLLISION_MARGIN_M + rt.CHUCK_R_M
+        self.assertTrue(h._geometry_ok(xb, 0.355))
+        refused = []
+        for k in range(400):
+            h.sod, h.cz = 0.0285 + k * 0.0375 / 400, 0.335
+            if not h._path_ok(xb, 0.355):
+                refused.append(h.sod)
+        self.assertEqual(refused, [])
+        g = loaded(DENSE)
+        g.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=0.0413, chuck_z_m=0.335)
+        settle(g)
+        g.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=xb, chuck_z_m=0.355)
+        settle(g)
+        self.assertEqual((g.sod, g.cz), (xb, 0.355))
+        rejected(g, 'stage.move', 'COLLISION_RISK', sod_m=xb - 1e-4, chuck_z_m=0.355)
+
+    def test_F31_agents_delete_only_their_own_and_the_hosts_records(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        a1, ev = h.session('a1'), h.session('ev')
+        op = ev.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='xray.radiograph', arguments=dict(roi=None), request_id='r1')['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+        rid = h.operations[op]['record_id']
+        r = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='records.delete', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='d1')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('rejected', 'ACCESS_DENIED'))
+        self.assertIn(rid, h.records)
+        op2 = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='xray.radiograph', arguments=dict(roi=None), request_id='r2')['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op2), 'completed')
+        own = h.operations[op2]['record_id']
+        for i, x in enumerate((own, 'FF0001')):                         # its own record and a host record
+            r = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='records.delete', arguments=dict(record_id=x), request_id=f'd{i + 2}')
+            self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded', r['error'])
+        r = ev.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='records.delete', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='d9')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test_F32_deleting_the_analysed_volume_clears_the_porosity_result(self):
+        h = _scenario('analysed')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(h.read()['result.last_porosity'])
+        h.invoke('records.delete', record_id='VO0001')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['result.last_porosity'])
+        self.assertIn('result.last_porosity', rt.EFFECTS['records.delete'])
+        self.assertIn('analysed', SCENARIOS)
+        self.assertIn(dict(record_id='VO0001'), _variants('records.delete'))
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects (scenario states)
+def _into(h, phase, frac=0.5):
+    """Advance event-exactly to the next programme item of the given phase and then to `frac` of its duration."""
+    for _ in range(200):
+        o = h.op
+        assert o is not None, phase
+        end = o['ends'][o['i']]
+        if o['phase'] == phase:
+            h.step(max(0.0, (end - h.t) * frac))
+            return h
+        h.step(max(0.0, end - h.t) + 1e-9)
+    raise AssertionError(phase)
+
+
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return rt.BrukerX4PoseidonRuntime()
+    if name == 'off':
+        h = configured()
+        for s in (PELLET, CAL, EDGE):
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', **s)
+        return h
+    if name == 'booting':
+        h = _scenario('off')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'ready':
+        h = _scenario('booting')
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S)
+        return h
+    if name == 'door_opening':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('door.open')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'door_open':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('door.open')
+        return settle(h)
+    if name == 'loaded_open':
+        h = _scenario('door_open')
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='alumina_pellet', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'door_closing':
+        h = _scenario('loaded_open')
+        h.invoke('door.close')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'loaded':
+        h = _scenario('loaded_open')
+        h.invoke('door.close')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('scan.configure', **FAST)
+        return h
+    if name == 'warming':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'beam':
+        h = _scenario('warming')
+        h.step(rt.WARMUP_S)
+        assert h._xray_ready()
+        return h
+    if name == 'ramping':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=70e3, current_a=100e-6)
+        h.step(0.3)
+        return h
+    if name == 'flat_running':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('calibration.flat_field')
+        h.step(0.1)
+        return h
+    if name == 'flat_bright':
+        return _into(_scenario('flat_running'), 'bright')
+    if name == 'flat_done':
+        h = _scenario('flat_running')
+        return settle(h)
+    if name == 'positioning':
+        h = _scenario('flat_done')
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=SOD_SCAN, chuck_z_m=centred_cz(PELLET))
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'positioned':
+        h = _scenario('positioning')
+        return settle(h)
+    if name == 'rotating':
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'filter_moving':
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        h.invoke('filter.select', position=3)
+        h.step(0.2)
+        return h
+    if name == 'radiographing':
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        h.invoke('xray.radiograph', roi=None)
+        h.step(0.01)
+        return h
+    if name == 'radiographed':
+        return settle(_scenario('radiographing'))
+    if name == 'scanning':
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        h.invoke('scan.start')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'scanned':
+        return settle(_scenario('scanning'))
+    if name == 'reconstructing':
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        h.invoke('recon.start', **RECON_FAST)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'reconstructed':
+        h = _scenario('reconstructing')
+        while h.recon is not None:
+            h.step(0.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'analysed':
+        h = _scenario('reconstructed')
+        h.invoke('data.porosity', record_id='VO0001', region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_pore_voxels=2)
+        return h
+    if name == 'cal_positioned':
+        h = _scenario('door_open')
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='cal_phantom', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('door.close')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('scan.configure', **FAST)
+        beam(h)
+        flat(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move', sod_m=0.050, chuck_z_m=centred_cz(CAL))
+        return settle(h)
+    if name == 'geo_calibrating':
+        h = _scenario('cal_positioned')
+        h.invoke('calibration.geometry')
+        h.step(2.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'estopped':
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        h.invoke('emergency.stop')
+        return h
+    if name == 'estop_released':
+        h = _scenario('estopped')
+        h.invoke('emergency.release')
+        return h
+    if name == 'arc_fault':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='xray_arc', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'door_sensor_fault':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='door_sensor', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'stall_fault':
+        h = _scenario('scanning')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='rotation_stall', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'light_curtain':
+        h = _scenario('door_closing')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='light_curtain_blocked', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'defects':
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='detector_defects', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'mains_fault':
+        h = _scenario('positioned')
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0))
+        return h
+    if name == 'mains_restored':
+        h = _scenario('mains_fault')
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE))
+        return h
+    if name == 'unpowered_loaded':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'door_just_opening':                                     # the door target moved, the door has not (stop paths change door.closed)
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('door.open')
+        return h
+    if name == 'beam_just_enabled':                                     # the tube is enabled but has not emitted yet
+        h = _scenario('flat_done')
+        h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=False)
+        h.invoke('xray.enable', enabled=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'estopped_unpowered':                                    # safety button pressed while switched off, then booted
+        h = _scenario('off')
+        h.invoke('emergency.stop')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'booting', 'ready', 'door_opening', 'door_open', 'loaded_open', 'door_closing', 'loaded', 'warming', 'beam', 'ramping',
+             'flat_running', 'flat_bright', 'flat_done', 'positioning', 'positioned', 'rotating', 'filter_moving', 'radiographing', 'radiographed',
+             'scanning', 'scanned', 'reconstructing', 'reconstructed', 'cal_positioned', 'geo_calibrating', 'estopped', 'estop_released', 'arc_fault',
+             'door_sensor_fault', 'stall_fault', 'light_curtain', 'defects', 'mains_fault', 'mains_restored', 'unpowered_loaded', 'door_just_opening',
+             'beam_just_enabled', 'estopped_unpowered', 'analysed']
+LONG_SCENARIOS = ['loaded', 'warming', 'positioned', 'scanning', 'reconstructed', 'cal_positioned', 'unpowered_loaded', 'beam_just_enabled']
+STEP_DTS = (0.4, 1.0, 3.0, 15.0, 120.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, room_k=300.15)],
+        'sample.provide': [dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='new')],
+        'sample.place': [dict(sample_id='alumina_pellet', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0), dict(sample_id='cal_phantom', offset_x_m=0.001, offset_y_m=0.0)],
+        'sample.remove': [dict(sample_id='alumina_pellet'), dict(sample_id='cal_phantom')],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_button': [{}],
+        'emergency.stop': [{}], 'emergency.release': [{}], 'system.acknowledge': [{}],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in rt.FAULTS] + [dict(fault=f, active=False) for f in rt.FAULTS],
+        'door.open': [{}], 'door.close': [{}],
+        'xray.set': [dict(voltage_v=70e3, current_a=100e-6), dict(voltage_v=40e3, current_a=200e-6)],
+        'xray.enable': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)],
+        'filter.select': [dict(position=3), dict(position=0)],
+        'stage.move': [dict(sod_m=SOD_SCAN, chuck_z_m=centred_cz(PELLET)), dict(sod_m=0.250, chuck_z_m=0.250), dict(sod_m=0.020, chuck_z_m=0.387)],
+        'stage.rotate': [dict(angle_rad=math.pi / 2), dict(angle_rad=0.0)],
+        'stage.go_to': [dict(position='load'), dict(position='center')],
+        'scan.configure': [dict(FAST), dict(FAST, range_deg='360', random_movement=True), dict(FAST, binning='2x2', exposure_s=0.05)],
+        'calibration.flat_field': [{}], 'calibration.geometry': [{}], 'scan.start': [{}],
+        'xray.radiograph': [dict(roi=None), dict(roi=dict(center_u_m=0.0, center_v_m=0.0, size_px=32))],
+        'recon.start': [dict(RECON_FAST), dict(RECON_FAST, auto_alignment=True, post_alignment=None, beam_hardening=0.5, bh_material='alumina',
+                                                ring_correction=0.5, voi=dict(center_m=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], size_m=[0.007, 0.007, 0.007]))],
+        'data.porosity': [dict(record_id='VO0001', region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_pore_voxels=2)],
+        'data.cracks': [dict(record_id='VO0001', region=None, threshold_1_m=None, min_voxels=20)],
+        'data.attenuation': [dict(record_id='VO0001', region=None)],
+        'data.slice': [dict(record_id='VO0001', axis='z', position_m=0.0, size_px=32)],
+        'data.edge_resolution': [dict(record_id='RG0001')],
+        'records.delete': [dict(record_id='FF0001'), dict(record_id='PJ0001'), dict(record_id='RG0001'), dict(record_id='VO0001')],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 64:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    """Does the step change the value differently with the call (v1 -> a2) than without it (v0 -> b2)?  (leaf-wise, numeric increments)"""
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] != 'query'
+
+
+class DeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        """For every capability accepted in any scenario state: the slots it changes at once are declared effects, the slots whose change during the
+        following step differs from an identical run without the call are declared on_step effects, and the step itself only changes slots declared
+        as on_step effects of sim.step (the runtime noise is seeded by operation counters, so both runs draw identical noise)."""
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        self.assertFalse([s for v in rt.ON_STEP.values() for s in v if rt.SLOTS[s]['origin'] == 'setpoint'])
+
+    def test_every_executable_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+    def test_long_window_effects_of_operations_are_declared(self):
+        """Every accepted asynchronous call is followed until its operation has left 'running' (+ 5 s), every other call for 200 s (longer than
+        the 180 s warm-up), comparing with the identical run without the call every 0.05 s for the first 10 s and every 1 s after."""
+        missing = {}
+        for sname in LONG_SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(sname)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap == 'sim.step':
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        res = _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    oid = res.get('operation_id') if isinstance(res, dict) and cap in rt.ASYNC else None
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    B = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    t, t_end = 0.0, (3600.0 if oid else 200.0)
+                    while t < t_end - 1e-9:
+                        d = 0.05 if t < 10.0 - 1e-9 else 1.0
+                        A.step(d)
+                        B.step(d)
+                        t += d
+                        a2, b2 = A.read('evaluator'), B.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                        if oid and A.operations[oid]['phase'] != 'running' and t_end == 3600.0:
+                            t_end = t + 5.0
+        self.assertEqual(missing, {})
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        """Runs last (class name): every code raised by a device call anywhere in this test module is declared for that capability."""
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'})
+                      for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_cytiva_biacoret200.py b/tests/test_asset_cytiva_biacoret200.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06c4ea5ea624318bab11daa57930cae48de2d46d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_cytiva_biacoret200.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1163 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-170 cytiva_biacoret200 (Biacore T200 SPR system): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_cytiva_biacoret200.py
+
+Themes: set-points only write targets; read / describe are pure; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; two instances are isolated; agent /
+evaluator truth isolation and foreign-agent ownership; idempotent request ids; step-partition independence; start-up lamps, software connection and
+the 5 K ~ 1 h temperature response; chip insert / dock / eject / reuse; standby consumption (65 mL / 24 h) and expiry; Prime and the gradual buffer
+change; liquid conservation (bottles -> waste / spill); rack tray, door and clamp interlocks; bulk refractive index (1 % DMSO ~ 1200 RU) and its
+temperature dependence; amine coupling (Getting Started > 8000 RU, pH trend), pH scouting and aim-for-level; 1:1 kinetics with mass transport
+recovered by the evaluation; steady-state affinity, CFCA, regeneration and ligand damage, solvent correction, van 't Hoff / Eyring; NTA and SA
+capture; normalization; System Check; maintenance and shutdown; manual-run queue; cancellation, power loss; every output validated against its
+contract schema; declared state effects cover the observed changes."""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import cytiva_biacoret200 as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+UL, ULM = rt.UL, rt.UL_MIN
+CHECKS = []
+INST = 'biacore_t200_01'
+GS_L, GS_A = rt.GS_LIGAND, rt.GS_ANALYTE
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+_ALWAYS = {'operation.started_by_other_agent'}
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return x != y
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, room=298.15, instance=INST):
+        self.h = rt.CytivaBiacoret200Runtime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=room, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=seed)
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        """Instrumented call: outputs validated against the declared schema; a success changes only declared immediate slots and never the clock;
+        a rejection leaves every slot unchanged and returns a declared error code."""
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect in ('succeeded', 'accepted'):
+            assert r['status'] in ('succeeded', 'accepted'), (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, [])) - _ALWAYS
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_cytiva_biacoret200_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']] or expect == 'UNSUPPORTED', (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def until(self, pred, limit=7200.0, dt=10.0):
+        t = 0.0
+        while not pred() and t < limit:
+            self.step(dt)
+            t += dt
+        assert pred(), f'condition not reached in {limit} s'
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def ready(self, chip='CM5', chip_id='chip_1', buffer='hbs_ep_plus', prime=True):
+        A = self.A
+        self.call(A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.step(35)
+        self.call(A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='run_buffer', volume_m3=1.0e-3, base=buffer)
+        self.call(A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='dist_water', volume_m3=0.5e-3, base='water')
+        self.call(A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_a', solution_id='run_buffer', volume_m3=0.95e-3)
+        self.call(A, 'bottle.place', slot='water', solution_id='dist_water', volume_m3=0.45e-3)
+        self.call(A, 'bottle.empty_waste')
+        self.call(A, 'chip.open_port')
+        self.step(2)
+        self.call(A, 'chip.insert', chip_type=chip, chip_id=chip_id)
+        self.call(A, 'chip.close_cover')
+        self.step(2)
+        self.call(A, 'chip.dock')
+        self.step(50)
+        if prime:
+            self.call(A, 'flow.prime')
+            self.step(400)
+        self.until(lambda: self.h._stable(), 7200)
+
+    def rack(self, config='sample_and_reagent_rack', plate='none', items=()):
+        A = self.A
+        if self.h.rack['state'] == 'inside':
+            self.call(A, 'rack.eject')
+            self.step(8)
+        if self.h.rack['config'] is None or self.h.rack['config']['config'] != config:
+            self.call(A, 'rack.configure', config=config, plate=plate)
+        for pos, sid, v in items:
+            if pos in self.h.rack['positions']:
+                self.call(A, 'rack.remove', position=pos)
+            self.call(A, 'rack.place', position=pos, solution_id=sid, volume_m3=v)
+        self.call(A, 'rack.retract')
+        self.step(8)
+
+    def gs_kit(self):
+        self.call(self.E, 'kit.provide', kit='getting_started')
+        self.call(self.E, 'kit.provide', kit='amine_coupling')
+
+    def amine(self, fc, ligand_sid, contact=420.0, flow=10 * ULM, run_id=None, mode='contact', target=None, wash=None):
+        items = [('R1A1', 'edc_0_4m', 150 * UL), ('R1A2', 'nhs_0_1m', 150 * UL), ('R1A4', 'ethanolamine_1m', 150 * UL), ('R1A5', ligand_sid, 400 * UL)]
+        if wash:
+            items.append(('R1A6', wash, 300 * UL))
+        if 'R1A3' in self.h.rack['positions'] and self.h.rack['state'] == 'inside':
+            self.call(self.A, 'rack.eject')
+            self.step(8)
+            self.call(self.A, 'rack.remove', position='R1A3')
+        self.rack(items=items)
+        f = dict(fc=fc, chemistry='amine', mode=mode, ligand_position='R1A5', ligand_name=ligand_sid, flow_rate_m3_s=flow, edc_position='R1A1', nhs_position='R1A2',
+                 mix_position='R1A3', ethanolamine_position='R1A4')
+        if mode == 'contact':
+            f['contact_s'] = contact
+        if mode == 'aim':
+            f.update(target_ru=target, wash_position='R1A6')
+        op = self.call(self.A, 'wizard.immobilization', run_id=run_id or f'immob_{fc}_{self.n}', flow_cells=[f])['operation_id']
+        self.until(lambda: self.h.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', 14400, 30.0)
+        return self.h.operations[op]['result']
+
+    def kinetics_method(self, run_id, concs_nm, path='3-4', ref='4-3', contact=120.0, diss=600.0, flow=30 * ULM, regen='glycine_2_5', stock='gs_analyte_b2m', mw=11800.0,
+                        rate=1, startup=1, base='hbs_ep_plus'):
+        stock_c = self.h.solutions[stock]['label'][0]['concentration_mol_m3']
+        items = []
+        for i, c in enumerate(concs_nm):
+            sid = f'{run_id}_s{i}'
+            src = [dict(source_id=stock, volume_m3=c * 1e-6 * 600 * UL / stock_c)] if c else []
+            self.call(self.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id=sid, volume_m3=600 * UL, base=base, sources=src)
+            items.append((f'R1B{i + 1}', sid, 400 * UL))
+        self.call(self.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id=f'{run_id}_regen', volume_m3=3.0e-6, base=regen)
+        items.append(('R1A9', f'{run_id}_regen', 3.0e-6))
+        self.rack(items=items)
+        cyc = [dict(purpose='startup', commands=[dict(type='sample', position='R1B1', contact_s=contact, dissociation_s=60.0, flow_rate_m3_s=flow),
+                                                 dict(type='regeneration', position='R1A9', contact_s=30.0, flow_rate_m3_s=flow, stabilization_s=60.0)])] * startup
+        for i, c in enumerate(concs_nm):
+            cyc.append(dict(purpose='blank' if c == 0 else 'sample', keywords=dict(sample_name=f'{c} nM', concentration_mol_m3=c * 1e-6, mw_da=mw),
+                            commands=[dict(type='sample', position=f'R1B{i + 1}', contact_s=contact, dissociation_s=diss, flow_rate_m3_s=flow),
+                                      dict(type='regeneration', position='R1A9', contact_s=30.0, flow_rate_m3_s=flow, stabilization_s=60.0)]))
+        op = self.call(self.A, 'method.run', run_id=run_id, data_rate_hz=rate, detection='dual' if '-' in path and len(path) == 3 else 'multi', flow_path=path,
+                       reference_subtraction=ref, cycles=cyc)['operation_id']
+        self.until(lambda: self.h.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', 40000, 60.0)
+        return op
+
+
+def truth(r):
+    return r.read(*[k for k, v in rt.SLOTS.items() if v['visibility'] == 'evaluator' or True])
+
+
+class ContractAndLibraries(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_consistency(self):
+        m = rt.export_cytiva_biacoret200_contract_metadata()
+        self.assertEqual(len(m['capabilities']), len(rt.CAPS))
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            if k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+                self.assertEqual(c['availability'], 'unsupported')
+                continue
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], rt.SLOTS)
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertIn(e['code'], rt.ERROR_ZH)
+            if rt.CAPS[k]['kind'] not in ('query',) and k != 'sim.step':
+                self.assertTrue(c['preconditions'], k)
+        for k, v in rt.SLOTS.items():
+            if v['origin'] == 'process_truth':
+                self.assertNotEqual(v['visibility'], 'agent', k)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='metadata_consistency', status='passed', capabilities=len(rt.CAPS), slots=len(rt.SLOTS)))
+
+    def test_libraries(self):
+        lib = rt.interactions()
+        doc = [k for k, v in lib.items() if v['evidence'] == 'documented_literature']
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(doc), 50)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(rt.CRC), 50)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.n_water(293.15), 1.33211, places=4)
+        self.assertLess(rt.n_water(310.15), rt.n_water(298.15))
+        dn, eta, I = rt.solution_optics(rt.library_composition('hbs_ep_plus_dmso_5'))
+        dn0, _, _ = rt.solution_optics(rt.library_composition('hbs_ep_plus'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((dn - dn0) * rt.S_BULK / 5.0, 1200.0, delta=1.0)
+        D = rt.diffusion_estimate(100000.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(D, 6.9e-11, delta=0.3e-11)                      # Cytiva: ~6e-11 m2/s at 100 kDa
+        kt = rt.km_flow_cell(rt.diffusion_estimate(15000.0), 30 * ULM) * 15000.0 * 1e9
+        self.assertTrue(5e7 < kt < 1e9, kt)                                    # Software Handbook: proteins ~1e8 RU M^-1 s^-1
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='libraries', status='passed', interactions=len(doc), crc=len(rt.CRC), kt_15kDa=kt))
+
+
+class Basics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_pure_and_setpoint_only(self):
+        r = Rig(room=295.15)
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        r.step(35)
+        a = r.read()
+        b = r.read()
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        t0 = r.h.t
+        r.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertEqual(r.h.t, t0)
+        T0 = r.read('truth.analysis_temperature_k')
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', analysis_k=300.15)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('temperature.analysis_setpoint_k'), 300.15)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('truth.analysis_temperature_k'), T0)
+        r.step(60)
+        self.assertGreater(r.read('truth.analysis_temperature_k'), T0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='read_pure_setpoint_only', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_rejection_atomic_and_codes(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        before = copy.deepcopy(r.read())
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', 'POWER_OFF', analysis_k=300.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.dock', 'POWER_OFF')
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.place', 'RACK_NOT_EJECTED', position='R1A1', solution_id='x', volume_m3=1e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', 'UNKNOWN_SOLUTION', solution_id='a', volume_m3=1e-6, base='water', sources=[dict(source_id='nope', volume_m3=1e-8)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'clamp.set', 'DOOR_CLOSED', closed=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'surface.inspect', 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample.recovery', 'UNSUPPORTED')
+        self.assertEqual(before, r.read())
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.open_port', 'NOT_CONNECTED')
+        r.step(35)
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', 'BELOW_AMBIENT_LIMIT', analysis_k=277.15)
+        r.call(r.A, 'flow.prime', 'CHIP_NOT_DOCKED')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='rejection_atomic', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_two_instances_and_isolation(self):
+        r1, r2 = Rig(seed=3), Rig(seed=3, instance='biacore_t200_02')
+        r1.call(r1.A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        r1.step(40)
+        self.assertTrue(r1.read('power.enabled'))
+        self.assertFalse(r2.read('power.enabled'))
+        agent_view = r1.read(who=r1.A)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in agent_view))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            r1.A.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['truth.complexes_ru'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            r1.A.read(instance_id='biacore_t200_02')
+        r1.h.register_principal('agent2', 'agent')
+        B = r1.h.session('agent2')
+        r1.call(r1.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='mine', volume_m3=1e-5, base='water')
+        rr = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='solution.prepare', arguments=dict(solution_id='b', volume_m3=1e-6, base='water',
+                                                                                          sources=[dict(source_id='mine', volume_m3=1e-7)]), request_id='x1')
+        self.assertEqual(rr['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertNotIn('mine', B.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['solutions.available'])['observations']['solutions.available']['value'])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='instances_isolation', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_idempotent_requests(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        a = r.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(enabled=True), request_id='same')
+        b = r.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(enabled=True), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        c = r.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(enabled=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(c['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.assertTrue(r.read('power.enabled'))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='idempotent', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        out = []
+        for split in (1, 7):
+            r = Rig(seed=5)
+            r.ready(prime=False)
+            r.gs_kit()
+            r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='lig', volume_m3=400 * UL, base='acetate_5_0', sources=[dict(source_id='gs_ligand_anti_b2m', volume_m3=12 * UL)])
+            r.rack(items=[('R1A5', 'lig', 300 * UL)])
+            r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='m', flow_rate_m3_s=10 * ULM, flow_path='2', data_rate_hz=10)
+            r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='sample_injection', position='R1A5', contact_s=60.0))
+            total = 120.0
+            for k in range(split):
+                r.h.step(total / split)
+            out.append(r.read())
+        for k in out[0]:
+            a, b = out[0][k], out[1][k]
+            if isinstance(a, float):
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(a, b, delta=1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(a)), msg=k)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(a, b, k)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='step_partition_independence', status='passed'))
+
+
+class PowerTemperatureChip(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_startup_lamps_connection(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.press_switch')
+        r.step(1)
+        L = r.read('lamp.ready', 'lamp.system', 'lamp.temperature', 'lamp.sensor_chip', 'lamp.run')
+        self.assertTrue(all(L.values()))
+        r.step(4)
+        self.assertTrue(r.read('lamp.ready'))
+        self.assertFalse(r.read('lamp.system'))
+        self.assertFalse(r.read('system.connected'))
+        r.step(30)
+        self.assertTrue(r.read('system.connected'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.press_switch')
+        self.assertFalse(r.read('power.enabled'))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='startup_lamps', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_temperature_5k_about_one_hour(self):
+        r = Rig(room=298.15)
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        r.step(40)
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', analysis_k=303.15)
+        flash = set()
+        t = 0.0
+        while not r.read('temperature.analysis_stable'):
+            r.h.step(0.5)
+            t += 0.5
+            flash.add(r.read('lamp.temperature'))
+            if t > 3 * 3600:
+                break
+        self.assertTrue(40 * 60 < t < 80 * 60, t)                               # Operating Instructions: "A temperature change of 5 C takes about 1 hour"
+        self.assertEqual(flash, {True, False})
+        r.step(10)
+        self.assertTrue(r.read('lamp.temperature'))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='temperature_5k', status='passed', minutes=t / 60))
+
+    def test_chip_lifecycle_and_reuse(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        r.step(35)
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.insert', 'PORT_CLOSED', chip_type='CM5', chip_id='c1')
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.open_port')
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertGreater(r.read('chip.port_cover_angle_rad'), 1.1)
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.insert', chip_type='CM5', chip_id='c1')
+        seen = set()
+        for _ in range(4):
+            r.h.step(0.5)
+            seen.add(r.read('lamp.sensor_chip'))
+        self.assertEqual(seen, {True, False})
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.dock', 'COVER_OPEN')
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.close_cover')
+        r.step(2)
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.dock', 'NO_BUFFER') if False else None
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'chip.dock')['operation_id']
+        r.step(50)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('chip.state'), 'docked')
+        self.assertTrue(r.read('lamp.sensor_chip'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.open_port', 'CHIP_DOCKED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.eject')
+        r.step(35)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('chip.state'), 'ejected')
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.remove')
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.insert', 'CHIP_ID_EXISTS', chip_type='CM5', chip_id='c1')
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.insert', 'CHIP_UNKNOWN', chip_type='CM5', chip_id='c9', reuse=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.insert', 'CHIP_TYPE_MISMATCH', chip_type='SA', chip_id='c1', reuse=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.insert', chip_type='CM5', chip_id='c1', reuse=True)
+        self.assertEqual(r.h._chip_obj()['docks'], 1)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='chip_lifecycle', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_noise_and_docking_drift(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=11)
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='n', flow_rate_m3_s=30 * ULM, flow_path='1-2-3-4', data_rate_hz=1)
+        r.step(600)
+        cyc = r.h.runs['n']['cycles'][0]
+        y = np.array(cyc['r']['2']) - np.array(cyc['r']['1'])
+        res = y - np.polyval(np.polyfit(cyc['t'], y, 2), cyc['t'])
+        rms = float(np.std(res))
+        self.assertTrue(0.01 < rms < 0.06, rms)                                 # 2-1 noise ~ sqrt(2) x 0.025 RU (data file: typically < 0.03 RU per curve)
+        raw = np.array(cyc['r']['2'])
+        slope_early = np.polyfit(cyc['t'][:120], raw[:120], 1)[0] * 60
+        self.assertGreater(abs(slope_early), 0.3)                               # hydration drift after docking a new chip
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.stop')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='noise_drift', status='passed', rms_2_1=rms))
+
+
+class Fluidics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_standby_consumption_and_expiry(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(prime=False)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('flow.state'), 'standby')
+        b0 = r.read('truth.bottle_volumes_m3')
+        r.step(86400)
+        b1 = r.read('truth.bottle_volumes_m3')
+        used = (b0['buffer_a'] - b1['buffer_a']) + (b0['water'] - b1['water'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(used / 65e-6, 1.0, delta=0.05)                    # Operating Instructions: ~65 mL per 24 h
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_a', solution_id='run_buffer', volume_m3=5e-5)   # top-up (remaining bench volume)
+        led = r.call(r.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['buffer_used_m3'] + led['water_used_m3'], led['waste_added_m3'] + led['waste_spilled_m3'], delta=1e-12)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='standby_65ml', status='passed', ml_per_day=used * 1e6))
+
+    def test_standby_expiry_7_days(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(prime=False)
+        r.h.bottles['buffer_a']['V'] = 1.0e-3
+        r.h.bottles['water']['V'] = 0.5e-3
+        r.step(7 * 86400 + 60)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('flow.state'), 'stopped')
+        self.assertIn('STANDBY_EXPIRED', r.read('warnings.active'))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='standby_expiry', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_prime_and_gradual_buffer_change(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=4)
+        r.ready()
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('truth.system_buffer'), 'run_buffer')
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='pbs_run', volume_m3=1.0e-3, base='pbs')
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_a', solution_id='pbs_run', volume_m3=0.9e-3)
+        r.step(20)
+        self.assertIn('PRIME_RECOMMENDED', r.read('warnings.active'))
+        R0 = r.read('response.ru')['1']
+        r.step(1200)
+        R1 = r.read('response.ru')['1']
+        self.assertGreater(abs(R1 - R0), 10.0)                                  # baseline moves while the new buffer replaces the old one
+        r.call(r.A, 'flow.prime')
+        r.step(400)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('truth.system_buffer'), 'pbs_run')
+        self.assertNotIn('PRIME_RECOMMENDED', r.read('warnings.active'))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='prime_buffer_change', status='passed', shift_ru=R1 - R0))
+
+    def test_buffer_empty_fails_run_and_waste_bottle(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='e', flow_rate_m3_s=100 * ULM, flow_path='1')
+        r.h.bottles['buffer_a']['V'] = 5e-8
+        r.step(120)
+        self.assertEqual(r.h.runs['e']['state'], 'failed')
+        self.assertIn('BUFFER_EMPTY', r.read('errors.active'))
+        r.h.bottles['buffer_a']['V'] = 5e-4
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.remove', slot='waste')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', 'NO_WASTE_BOTTLE', run_id='e2', flow_rate_m3_s=10 * ULM, flow_path='1')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='buffer_empty', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_clamp_door_interlock_and_air(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'clamp.set', 'DOOR_CLOSED', closed=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='right_pump', open=True)
+        r.step(2)
+        r.call(r.A, 'clamp.set', closed=False)
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertGreater(r.read('clamp.lever_angle_rad'), 1.3)
+        self.assertIn('CLAMP_OPEN', r.read('warnings.active'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='buf', volume_m3=1e-6, base='hbs_ep_plus')
+        r.rack(items=[('R1B1', 'buf', 300 * UL)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='air', flow_rate_m3_s=30 * ULM, flow_path='1-2')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='sample_injection', position='R1B1', contact_s=60.0))
+        r.step(120)
+        inj = r.h.runs['air']['cycles'][0]['injections'][0]
+        self.assertTrue(inj['air'])
+        self.assertLess(min(r.h.runs['air']['cycles'][0]['r']['1']), r.h.runs['air']['cycles'][0]['r']['1'][0] - 5000)   # air spike
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.stop')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='clamp_air', status='passed'))
+
+
+class RackAndDoors(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_rack_eject_retract_and_mounting(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=2)
+        r.call(r.A, 'plant.configure', 'ACCESS_DENIED', room_k=298.0, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=2)
+        r.call(r.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=298.15, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=2, rack_auto_retract_s=60.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        r.step(35)
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.eject')
+        r.step(8)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.read('rack.carriage_position_m'), 0.14, places=6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.configure', config='tray_plate_type2', plate='96_deep', correctly_mounted=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.retract', 'RACK_NOT_SEATED')
+        r.step(120)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('rack.state'), 'ejected')
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.configure', config='tray_plate_type2', plate='96_deep')
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.place', 'UNKNOWN_POSITION', position='R1A1', solution_id='x', volume_m3=1e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='s', volume_m3=2e-6, base='hbs_ep_plus')
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.place', 'VOLUME_OUT_OF_RANGE', position='R2B1', solution_id='s', volume_m3=1.0e-6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.place', position='P1A1', solution_id='s', volume_m3=0.2e-6)
+        r.step(70)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('rack.state'), 'inside')                         # automatic retraction after the preset time
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='rack', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_sample_compartment_door(self):
+        r = Rig()
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        r.step(35)
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample_compartment.open_door', 'POWER_ON')
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample_compartment.open_door')
+        r.step(3)
+        self.assertGreater(r.read('sample_compartment.door_angle_rad'), 1.7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample_compartment.clean')
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', 'SAMPLE_COMPARTMENT_OPEN', enabled=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample_compartment.close_door')
+        r.step(3)
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='sample_door', status='passed'))
+
+
+class Optics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_dmso_bulk_and_temperature(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=8)
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='d1', volume_m3=1e-6, base='hbs_ep_plus', dmso_volume_fraction=0.01)
+        r.rack(items=[('R1B1', 'd1', 400 * UL)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='bulk', flow_rate_m3_s=30 * ULM, flow_path='1', data_rate_hz=1)
+        r.step(30)
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='sample_injection', position='R1B1', contact_s=60.0))
+        r.step(120)
+        rows = r.call(r.A, 'data.report_points', run_id='bulk')['rows']
+        rel = next(x for x in rows if x['label'] == 'sample:binding' and x['curve'] == '1')['relative_ru']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rel / 1200.0, 1.0, delta=0.03)                   # Software Handbook: 1 % DMSO ~ 1200 RU
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.stop')
+        r.step(4 * 3600)                                                        # docking drift of the new chip decays
+        R0 = r.read('response.ru')['1']
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', analysis_k=299.15)
+        r.until(lambda: r.h._stable(), 7200)
+        R1 = r.read('response.ru')['1']
+        self.assertTrue(-160 < R1 - R0 < -90, R1 - R0)                          # water dn/dT ~ -1.2e-4 /K
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='dmso_bulk', status='passed', relative_ru=rel, per_K=R1 - R0))
+
+
+class Immobilization(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_getting_started_amine_coupling(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=21)
+        r.ready()
+        r.gs_kit()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='lig50', volume_m3=400 * UL, base='acetate_5_0', sources=[dict(source_id='gs_ligand_anti_b2m', volume_m3=12 * UL)])
+        res = r.amine(4, 'lig50')
+        im = res['results']['immobilization'][0]
+        self.assertGreater(im['response_final_ru'], 8000.0)                     # Getting Started: > 8000 RU satisfactory
+        self.assertGreater(im['response_bound_ru'], 0.0)
+        ins = r.call(r.E, 'surface.inspect')
+        f4 = ins['flow_cells'][3]
+        self.assertEqual(f4['ligands'][0]['species'], GS_L)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(f4['active_esters'], 0.0, delta=1e-3)
+        self.assertEqual(ins['flow_cells'][2]['ligands'], [])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='gs_amine', status='passed', final_ru=im['response_final_ru']))
+
+    def test_ph_trend_and_scouting(self):
+        finals = {}
+        for ph, base in ((4.0, 'acetate_4_0'), (5.0, 'acetate_5_0'), (5.5, 'acetate_5_5')):
+            r = Rig(seed=22)
+            r.ready()
+            r.gs_kit()
+            r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='lig', volume_m3=400 * UL, base=base, sources=[dict(source_id='gs_ligand_anti_b2m', volume_m3=12 * UL)])
+            finals[ph] = r.amine(2, 'lig')['results']['immobilization'][0]['response_final_ru']
+        self.assertLess(finals[4.0], finals[5.0])                               # Getting Started: pH 4.0 lowest immobilization level
+        self.assertLess(finals[5.0], finals[5.5])                               # pH 5.5 higher than 5.0
+        r = Rig(seed=23)
+        r.ready()
+        r.step(3 * 3600)                                                        # docking drift of the new chip decays
+        r.gs_kit()
+        items = []
+        for i, base in enumerate(('acetate_5_5', 'acetate_5_0', 'acetate_4_5', 'acetate_4_0')):
+            r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id=f'p{i}', volume_m3=300 * UL, base=base, sources=[dict(source_id='gs_ligand_anti_b2m', volume_m3=9 * UL)])
+            items.append((f'R1B{i + 1}', f'p{i}', 250 * UL))
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='naoh', volume_m3=1e-6, base='naoh_50mm')
+        items.append(('R1A1', 'naoh', 600 * UL))
+        r.rack(items=items)
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'wizard.ph_scouting', run_id='scout', fc=2, ligand_positions=['R1B1', 'R1B2', 'R1B3', 'R1B4'], wash_position='R1A1')['operation_id']
+        r.until(lambda: r.h.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', 7200, 30)
+        pc = [x['preconcentration_ru'] for x in r.h.operations[op]['result']['results']['ph_scouting']]
+        self.assertTrue(pc[0] < pc[1] < pc[2] < pc[3], pc)                       # attraction increases with decreasing pH
+        self.assertLess(max(abs(x['residual_ru']) for x in r.h.operations[op]['result']['results']['ph_scouting']), 50.0)   # dissociates completely
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='ph_trend', status='passed', finals=finals, preconc=pc))
+
+    def test_aim_for_level(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=24)
+        r.ready()
+        r.gs_kit()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='lig10', volume_m3=400 * UL, base='acetate_5_0', sources=[dict(source_id='gs_ligand_anti_b2m', volume_m3=4 * UL)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='naoh', volume_m3=1e-6, base='naoh_50mm')
+        res = r.amine(4, 'lig10', mode='aim', target=1200.0, wash='naoh')
+        im = res['results']['immobilization'][0]
+        self.assertTrue(im['target_reached'], im)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(im['response_bound_ru'] / 1200.0, 1.0, delta=0.25)
+        lvl = r.call(r.E, 'surface.inspect')['flow_cells'][3]['ligands'][0]['level_ru']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(im['response_final_ru'] / lvl, 1.0, delta=0.06)  # the reported final level is the immobilized ligand (no large docking drift)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='aim_level', status='passed', bound=im['response_bound_ru'], final=im['response_final_ru'], ligand=lvl))
+
+
+class Kinetics(unittest.TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        r = Rig(seed=31)
+        r.ready()
+        r.gs_kit()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='lig10', volume_m3=400 * UL, base='acetate_5_0', sources=[dict(source_id='gs_ligand_anti_b2m', volume_m3=4 * UL)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='naoh', volume_m3=1e-6, base='naoh_50mm')
+        r.amine(4, 'lig10', mode='aim', target=1200.0, wash='naoh')
+        r.kinetics_method('kin', [0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 8, 0], path='3-4', ref='4-3')
+        cls.r = r
+
+    def test_kinetics_recovered(self):
+        r = self.r
+        res = r.call(r.A, 'eval.kinetics', run_id='kin', cycles=[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], subtraction='4-3', blank_cycles=[2, 9])
+        p = r.h.pairs['gs_kit_anti_b2m']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['ka_m3_mol_s'] / p['ka'], 1.0, delta=0.15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['kd_s'] / p['kd'], 1.0, delta=0.15)
+        self.assertLess(res['chi2_ru2'], 2.0)
+        self.assertLess(res['u_value'], 15.0)
+        st = {q['item']: q['status'] for q in res['quality']}
+        self.assertEqual(st['kinetic_constants_range'], 'pass')
+        ins = r.call(r.E, 'surface.inspect')
+        lig = ins['flow_cells'][3]['ligands'][0]
+        rmax_true = lig['level_ru'] * rt.SHELF_MW(GS_A) / rt.SHELF_MW(GS_L) * 2 * lig['activity']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['rmax_ru'] / rmax_true, 1.0, delta=0.15)
+        self.assertTrue(10.0 < rmax_true < 80.0, rmax_true)                     # Getting Started: 1200 RU -> Rmax ~30 RU
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='kinetics_recovered', status='passed', ka=res['ka_m3_mol_s'], kd=res['kd_s'], rmax=res['rmax_ru'], rmax_true=rmax_true))
+
+    def test_affinity_and_sensorgram(self):
+        r = self.r
+        aff = r.call(r.A, 'eval.affinity', run_id='kin', cycles=[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], subtraction='4-3', blank_cycles=[2, 9])
+        self.assertTrue(aff['points'])
+        sg = r.call(r.A, 'data.sensorgram', run_id='kin', cycle=7, curves=['4-3', '3', '4'], max_points=500)
+        self.assertEqual(sg['keywords']['concentration_mol_m3'], 32e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(max(sg['curves']['4-3']), 10.0)
+        runs = r.call(r.A, 'runs.list')['runs']
+        self.assertTrue(any(x['run_id'] == 'kin' and x['state'] == 'completed' for x in runs))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='affinity_sensorgram', status='passed', KD=aff['KD_mol_m3']))
+
+
+class MorePhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_cfca_concentration(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=41)
+        r.ready()
+        r.gs_kit()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='lig50', volume_m3=400 * UL, base='acetate_5_0', sources=[dict(source_id='gs_ligand_anti_b2m', volume_m3=12 * UL)])
+        r.amine(2, 'lig50')
+        stock_c = r.h.solutions['gs_analyte_b2m']['label'][0]['concentration_mol_m3']
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='unk', volume_m3=1.5e-6, base='hbs_ep_plus', sources=[dict(source_id='gs_analyte_b2m', volume_m3=1.5e-6 * 5e-6 / stock_c)])
+        true_c = r.h.solutions['unk']['comp']['species'][GS_A]
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='gly', volume_m3=2e-6, base='glycine_2_5')
+        r.rack(items=[('R1B1', 'unk', 1.4e-6), ('R1A9', 'gly', 2e-6)])
+        cyc = []
+        for f in (5 * ULM, 100 * ULM):
+            cyc.append(dict(purpose='sample', commands=[dict(type='sample', position='R1B1', contact_s=36.0, dissociation_s=30.0, flow_rate_m3_s=f),
+                                                       dict(type='regeneration', position='R1A9', contact_s=30.0, flow_rate_m3_s=30 * ULM, stabilization_s=30.0)]))
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'method.run', run_id='cfca', data_rate_hz=10, detection='dual', flow_path='1-2', reference_subtraction='2-1', cycles=cyc)['operation_id']
+        r.until(lambda: r.h.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', 7200, 30)
+        res = r.call(r.A, 'eval.concentration', run_id='cfca', mode='cfca', subtraction='2-1', sample_cycles=[1, 2], mw_da=11800.0)
+        c = res['samples'][0]['concentration_mol_m3']
+        self.assertIsNotNone(c, res)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c / true_c, 1.0, delta=0.25)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='cfca', status='passed', measured=c, true=true_c))
+
+    def test_regeneration_and_damage(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=42)
+        r.ready()
+        r.gs_kit()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='lig50', volume_m3=400 * UL, base='acetate_5_0', sources=[dict(source_id='gs_ligand_anti_b2m', volume_m3=12 * UL)])
+        r.amine(2, 'lig50')
+        stock_c = r.h.solutions['gs_analyte_b2m']['label'][0]['concentration_mol_m3']
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='an', volume_m3=1.5e-6, base='hbs_ep_plus', sources=[dict(source_id='gs_analyte_b2m', volume_m3=1.5e-6 * 50e-6 / stock_c)])
+        for sid, base in (('g30', 'glycine_3_0'), ('g25', 'glycine_2_5'), ('sds', 'sds_0_5')):
+            r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id=sid, volume_m3=1e-6, base=base)
+        r.rack(items=[('R1B1', 'an', 1.4e-6), ('R1A7', 'g30', 0.9e-6), ('R1A8', 'g25', 0.9e-6), ('R1A9', 'sds', 0.9e-6)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='reg', flow_rate_m3_s=30 * ULM, flow_path='1-2', reference_subtraction='2-1')
+
+        def bound():
+            return sum(v for k, v in r.read('truth.complexes_ru').items() if k.startswith('2:'))
+        out = {}
+        for pos in ('R1A7', 'R1A8'):
+            r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='sample_injection', position='R1B1', contact_s=60.0))
+            r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='wait', wait_s=60.0))
+            r.step(150)
+            b0 = bound()
+            r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='regeneration_injection', position=pos, contact_s=30.0))
+            r.step(70)
+            out[pos] = bound() / b0
+        self.assertGreater(out['R1A7'], 0.2)                                    # glycine pH 3.0: too mild for the kit antibody (residual)
+        self.assertGreater(out['R1A7'], 5 * out['R1A8'])
+        self.assertLess(out['R1A8'], 0.05)                                      # glycine pH 2.5 (Getting Started regeneration): complete
+        act0 = list(r.read('truth.ligand_activity').values())[0]
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='regeneration_injection', position='R1A9', contact_s=30.0))
+        r.step(70)
+        act1 = list(r.read('truth.ligand_activity').values())[0]
+        self.assertLess(act1, act0 * 0.999)                                     # harsh SDS damages the ligand
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.stop')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='regeneration', status='passed', remaining=out, activity=[act0, act1]))
+
+    def test_solvent_correction(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=43)
+        r.ready()
+        r.gs_kit()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='lig50', volume_m3=400 * UL, base='acetate_5_0', sources=[dict(source_id='gs_ligand_anti_b2m', volume_m3=12 * UL)])
+        r.amine(2, 'lig50', contact=600.0)
+        items = []
+        for i, pct in enumerate((4.5, 4.8, 5.1, 5.4, 5.8, 5.2, 4.7)):
+            r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id=f'sc{i}', volume_m3=600 * UL, base='hbs_ep_plus', dmso_volume_fraction=pct / 100.0)
+            items.append((f'R1B{i + 1}', f'sc{i}', 400 * UL))
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='rb5', volume_m3=1.0e-3, base='hbs_ep_plus_dmso_5')
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_a', solution_id='rb5', volume_m3=0.95e-3)
+        r.call(r.A, 'flow.prime')
+        r.step(400)
+        r.rack(items=items)
+        cyc = [dict(purpose='solvent_correction' if i < 5 else 'sample', commands=[dict(type='sample', position=f'R1B{i + 1}', contact_s=30.0, dissociation_s=30.0,
+                                                                                        flow_rate_m3_s=30 * ULM)]) for i in range(7)]
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'method.run', run_id='sc', data_rate_hz=1, detection='dual', flow_path='1-2', reference_subtraction='2-1', cycles=cyc)['operation_id']
+        r.until(lambda: r.h.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', 7200, 30)
+        res = r.call(r.A, 'eval.solvent_correction', run_id='sc', correction_cycles=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], sample_cycles=[6, 7], active_fc=2, reference_fc=1)
+        self.assertLess(res['chi2_ru2'], 2.0)
+        for row in res['corrected']:
+            self.assertGreater(abs(row['uncorrected_ru']), 2.0 * abs(row['corrected_ru']), row)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='solvent_correction', status='passed', rows=res['corrected']))
+
+    def test_thermodynamics(self):
+        ent = []
+        p = rt.LIB_PAIRS['gs_kit_anti_b2m']
+        for T in (288.15, 298.15, 308.15):
+            ka, kd = rt.eyring(p['ka'], p['dHa'], p['T0'], T), rt.eyring(p['kd'], p['dHd'], p['T0'], T)
+            ent.append(dict(temperature_k=T, KD_mol_m3=kd / ka, ka_m3_mol_s=ka, kd_s=kd))
+        r = Rig()
+        res = r.call(r.A, 'eval.thermodynamics', entries=ent)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['dH_j_mol'], p['dHa'] - p['dHd'], delta=2000.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['association']['dH_j_mol'], p['dHa'], delta=500.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['dissociation']['dH_j_mol'], p['dHd'], delta=500.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='thermodynamics', status='passed', dH=res['dH_j_mol']))
+
+    def test_capture_nta_and_sa(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=44)
+        r.ready(chip='NTA', chip_id='nta1', buffer='hbs_n')                      # EDTA-free running buffer (EDTA strips the nickel)
+        r.call(r.E, 'species.define', species_id='his_ligand', name='His10-tagged receptor', mw_da=45000.0, isoelectric_point=6.0, tags=['his10'])
+        r.call(r.E, 'species.define', species_id='small_an', name='analyte', mw_da=20000.0, isoelectric_point=5.0)
+        r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', interaction_id='hl', ligand='his_ligand', analyte='small_an', ka_m3_mol_s=500.0, kd_s=1e-3)
+        r.call(r.E, 'stock.provide', stock_id='hl_stock', volume_m3=1e-6, base='hbs_n', species=[dict(species_id='his_ligand', concentration_mol_m3=1e-3)])
+        r.call(r.E, 'kit.provide', kit='his_capture')
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='hl', volume_m3=500 * UL, base='hbs_n', sources=[dict(source_id='hl_stock', volume_m3=10 * UL)])
+        r.rack(items=[('R1B1', 'hl', 400 * UL), ('R1A1', 'nickel_0_5mm', 400 * UL), ('R1A2', 'edta_350mm', 600 * UL)])
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'wizard.immobilization', run_id='cap', flow_cells=[dict(fc=2, chemistry='his_capture', mode='contact', ligand_position='R1B1', contact_s=120.0,
+                                                                                 nickel_position='R1A1')])['operation_id']
+        r.until(lambda: r.h.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', 7200, 30)
+        lvl = r.call(r.E, 'surface.inspect')['flow_cells'][1]['ligands'][0]['level_ru']
+        self.assertGreater(lvl, 100.0)
+        self.assertGreater(r.h.operations[op]['result']['results']['immobilization'][0]['response_final_ru'], 100.0)
+        r.step(1800)
+        lvl2 = r.call(r.E, 'surface.inspect')['flow_cells'][1]['ligands'][0]['level_ru']
+        self.assertTrue(0.5 * lvl < lvl2 < lvl, (lvl, lvl2))                     # His10 capture decays slowly
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='strip', flow_rate_m3_s=10 * ULM, flow_path='2')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='regeneration_injection', position='R1A2', contact_s=60.0))
+        r.step(120)
+        ligs = r.call(r.E, 'surface.inspect')['flow_cells'][1]['ligands']
+        self.assertTrue(not ligs or ligs[0]['level_ru'] < 0.05 * lvl2)          # EDTA strips nickel and the captured ligand
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.stop')
+        r.call(r.A, 'wizard.immobilization', 'CHEMISTRY_NOT_SUPPORTED', run_id='bad', flow_cells=[dict(fc=1, chemistry='amine', mode='blank', edc_position='R1A1',
+                                                                                                        nhs_position='R1A1', mix_position='R1C1', ethanolamine_position='R1A1')])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='capture_nta', status='passed', levels=[lvl, lvl2]))
+
+
+class Maintenance(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_normalize_system_check_maintenance_shutdown(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=51)
+        r.ready()
+        c = r.h._chip_obj()
+        g0 = np.std(c['gains'])
+        r.call(r.E, 'kit.provide', kit='maintenance')
+        r.call(r.A, 'detector.normalize', 'POSITION_EMPTY', position='R2A1')
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='hbsn', volume_m3=1e-5, base='hbs_n')
+        r.rack(items=[('R1A1', 'bianormalizing', 1.0e-6), ('R1A2', 'biatest', 1.0e-6), ('R1A3', 'biadesorb_1', 1.0e-6), ('R1A4', 'biadesorb_2', 1.0e-6)])
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'detector.normalize', position='R1A1')['operation_id']
+        r.step(500)
+        self.assertEqual(r.h.operations[op]['phase'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertTrue(r.read('chip.normalized'))
+        self.assertLess(np.std(r.h._chip_obj()['gains']), 0.2 * g0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='right_pump', open=True)
+        r.step(2)
+        r.call(r.A, 'clamp.set', closed=False)
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'system.check', position='R1A2')['operation_id']
+        r.step(6100)                                                            # System Check about 100 min (Operating Instructions App. A)
+        res = r.read('system_check.last')
+        self.assertFalse(res['passed'])
+        self.assertIn('reagent_pump', res['failed_tests'])
+        self.assertIn('buffer_selector_b', res['failed_tests'])
+        r.call(r.A, 'clamp.set', closed=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', analysis_k=291.15)
+        r.call(r.A, 'maintenance.run', 'DESORB_BELOW_20C', procedure='desorb', positions=dict(biadesorb_1='R1A3', biadesorb_2='R1A4'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', analysis_k=298.15)
+        r.h.contamination = 0.5
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'maintenance.run', procedure='desorb', positions=dict(biadesorb_1='R1A3', biadesorb_2='R1A4'))['operation_id']
+        r.step(1600)
+        self.assertEqual(r.h.operations[op]['phase'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertLess(r.read('truth.contamination'), 0.2)
+        r.call(r.A, 'system.shutdown', 'RACK_NOT_REMOVED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.eject')
+        r.step(8)
+        for pos in list(r.h.rack['positions']):
+            r.call(r.A, 'rack.remove', position=pos)
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.configure', config='empty', plate='none')            # take the racks off the tray
+        self.assertIsNone(r.read('rack.config'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='w2', volume_m3=0.6e-3, base='water')
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='et', volume_m3=0.25e-3, base='ethanol_70')
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_a', solution_id='w2', volume_m3=0.5e-3)
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_b', solution_id='et', volume_m3=0.2e-3)
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'system.shutdown')['operation_id']
+        r.step(1300)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('flow.state'), 'dry')
+        self.assertIn('CLAMP_RELEASE_REQUIRED', r.read('warnings.active'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'clamp.set', closed=False)
+        r.step(5)
+        self.assertNotIn('CLAMP_RELEASE_REQUIRED', r.read('warnings.active'))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='maintenance', status='passed'))
+
+
+class ManualRun(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_queue_commands(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=61)
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='b', volume_m3=1e-6, base='hbs_ep_plus')
+        r.rack(items=[('R1B1', 'b', 600 * UL)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', 'NO_MANUAL_RUN', command=dict(command='wait', wait_s=10.0))
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='q', flow_rate_m3_s=10 * ULM, flow_path='1-2', reference_subtraction='2-1')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', 'INJECTION_VOLUME_OUT_OF_RANGE', command=dict(command='sample_injection', position='R1B1', contact_s=6000.0))
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', 'FLOW_PATH_NOT_ALLOWED', command=dict(command='flow_path', flow_path='1-2-3-4'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='wait', wait_s=100.0))
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='sample_injection', position='R1B1', contact_s=60.0))
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='report_point', label='after'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='new_cycle', flow_path='3-4', reference_subtraction='4-3'))
+        r.step(1)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('run.queue_length'), 3)
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.queue_delete', index=3)
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.stop_command')
+        r.step(1)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('run.current_command'), 'inject:sample')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.pause')
+        r.step(200)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('run.state'), 'paused')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.resume')
+        r.step(100)
+        cyc = r.h.runs['q']['cycles']
+        self.assertEqual(len(cyc), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(len(cyc[0]['injections']), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(cyc[0]['report_points'][0]['label'], 'after')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.stop')
+        self.assertEqual(r.h.runs['q']['state'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('flow.state'), 'standby')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='manual_queue', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_cancel_and_power_loss(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=62)
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='pbs2', volume_m3=1e-3, base='pbs')
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_a', solution_id='pbs2', volume_m3=0.9e-3)
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'flow.prime')['operation_id']
+        r.step(60)
+        r.A.cancel(op, 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(r.h.operations[op]['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('flow.state'), 'standby')
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='b', volume_m3=1e-6, base='hbs_ep_plus')
+        r.rack(items=[('R1B1', 'b', 600 * UL)])
+        cyc = [dict(purpose='sample', commands=[dict(type='sample', position='R1B1', contact_s=60.0, dissociation_s=300.0, flow_rate_m3_s=10 * ULM)])] * 3
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'method.run', run_id='mm', data_rate_hz=1, detection='single', flow_path='1', cycles=cyc, ignore_temperature=True)['operation_id']
+        r.step(200)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(r.h.runs['mm']['state'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(r.h.operations[op]['error'], 'POWER_OFF_INTERRUPT')
+        self.assertTrue(r.h.runs['mm']['cycles'][0]['t'])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='cancel_power_loss', status='passed'))
+
+
+class Misc(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_queries_light_buffer_select_standby_bottles(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=63)
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'sample_compartment.set_light', on=True)
+        self.assertTrue(r.read('sample_compartment.light'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='b2', volume_m3=0.3e-3, base='pbs')
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_b', solution_id='b2', volume_m3=0.2e-3)
+        r.call(r.A, 'flow.select_buffer', tube='buffer_b')
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('flow.selected_tube'), 'buffer_b')
+        r.call(r.A, 'flow.stop_standby')
+        r.call(r.A, 'flow.standby')
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('flow.state'), 'standby')
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.remove', slot='buffer_b')
+        ev = r.call(r.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']
+        self.assertTrue(any(e['code'] == 'CHIP_DOCKED' for e in ev))
+        pv = r.call(r.A, 'provenance.read')
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(pv['species']), 100)
+        self.assertNotIn('ka', json.dumps(pv['species']))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='misc_queries', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_calibrated_concentration(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=64)
+        r.ready()
+        r.gs_kit()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='lig50', volume_m3=400 * UL, base='acetate_5_0', sources=[dict(source_id='gs_ligand_anti_b2m', volume_m3=12 * UL)])
+        r.amine(2, 'lig50')
+        stock_c = r.h.solutions['gs_analyte_b2m']['label'][0]['concentration_mol_m3']
+        items, std = [], [5, 10, 20, 40, 80]
+        for i, c in enumerate(std + [25]):
+            r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id=f'c{i}', volume_m3=600 * UL, base='hbs_ep_plus',
+                   sources=[dict(source_id='gs_analyte_b2m', volume_m3=c * 1e-6 * 600 * UL / stock_c)])
+            items.append((f'R1B{i + 1}', f'c{i}', 400 * UL))
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='gly', volume_m3=3e-6, base='glycine_2_5')
+        items.append(('R1A9', 'gly', 3e-6))
+        r.rack(items=items)
+        cyc = [dict(purpose='sample', commands=[dict(type='sample', position=f'R1B{i + 1}', contact_s=120.0, dissociation_s=30.0, flow_rate_m3_s=10 * ULM),
+                                                dict(type='regeneration', position='R1A9', contact_s=30.0, flow_rate_m3_s=30 * ULM, stabilization_s=30.0)]) for i in range(6)]
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'method.run', run_id='conc', data_rate_hz=1, detection='dual', flow_path='1-2', reference_subtraction='2-1', cycles=cyc)['operation_id']
+        r.until(lambda: r.h.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', 14400, 30)
+        res = r.call(r.A, 'eval.concentration', run_id='conc', mode='calibration', subtraction='2-1', standard_cycles=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
+                     standard_concentrations_mol_m3=[c * 1e-6 for c in std], sample_cycles=[6])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['samples'][0]['concentration_mol_m3'] / 25e-6, 1.0, delta=0.12)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='calibrated_concentration', status='passed', measured=res['samples'][0]['concentration_mol_m3']))
+
+
+class ReviewRound1(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regressions for the independent review round 1 (runtime F-01..F-12, contract C-01, C-02, C-05, C-06)."""
+
+    def test_species_mw_isolated_between_instances(self):                       # F-01
+        a, b = Rig(seed=71, instance='t200_a'), Rig(seed=71, instance='t200_b')
+        a.call(a.E, 'species.define', species_id='cmpd_q', name='compound Q', mw_da=300.0, kind='small_molecule')
+        a.call(a.E, 'stock.provide', stock_id='q_stock', volume_m3=1e-6, base='hbs_ep_plus', species=[dict(species_id='cmpd_q', concentration_mol_m3=1.0)])
+        comp = a.h.solutions['q_stock']['comp']
+        dn0 = rt.liquid_props(comp, a.h._mw)['dn']
+        b.call(b.E, 'species.define', species_id='cmpd_q', name='compound Q', mw_da=30000.0)
+        self.assertEqual(rt.liquid_props(comp, a.h._mw)['dn'], dn0)            # the other instance's definition does not leak
+        self.assertEqual((a.h._mw('cmpd_q'), b.h._mw('cmpd_q')), (300.0, 30000.0))
+        self.assertEqual(rt.SHELF_MW('cmpd_q'), 50000.0)                         # module table holds library species only
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='mw_isolation', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_blank_immobilization_small_after_docking(self):                    # F-02
+        r = Rig(seed=72)
+        r.ready()
+        r.gs_kit()
+        r.rack(items=[('R1A1', 'edc_0_4m', 150 * UL), ('R1A2', 'nhs_0_1m', 150 * UL), ('R1A4', 'ethanolamine_1m', 150 * UL)])
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'wizard.immobilization', run_id='blank', flow_cells=[dict(fc=1, chemistry='amine', mode='blank', edc_position='R1A1', nhs_position='R1A2',
+                                                                                 mix_position='R1A3', ethanolamine_position='R1A4')])['operation_id']
+        r.until(lambda: r.h.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', 14400, 30.0)
+        im = r.h.operations[op]['result']['results']['immobilization'][0]
+        self.assertLess(abs(im['response_final_ru']), 80.0, im)                 # activated + deactivated surface without ligand
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='blank_immobilization', status='passed', final=im['response_final_ru']))
+
+    def test_sample_reaches_waste_and_ledger_closes(self):                      # F-03
+        r = Rig(seed=73)
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='b', volume_m3=1e-6, base='hbs_ep_plus')
+        r.rack(items=[('R1B1', 'b', 600 * UL)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='w', flow_rate_m3_s=30 * ULM, flow_path='1-2')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='sample_injection', position='R1B1', contact_s=120.0))
+        r.step(300)
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.stop')
+        led = r.call(r.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        self.assertGreater(led['sample_aspirated_m3'], 50 * UL)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['buffer_used_m3'] + led['water_used_m3'] + led['sample_aspirated_m3'], led['waste_added_m3'] + led['waste_spilled_m3'], delta=1e-12)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='sample_to_waste', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_buffer_empty_cleared_by_refill(self):                              # F-04
+        r = Rig(seed=74)
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='rb2', volume_m3=1e-3, base='hbs_ep_plus')
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_a', solution_id='rb2', volume_m3=1e-5)
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='e', flow_rate_m3_s=100 * ULM, flow_path='1')
+        r.step(7200)
+        self.assertIn('BUFFER_EMPTY', r.read('errors.active'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_a', solution_id='rb2', volume_m3=0.9e-3)
+        self.assertNotIn('BUFFER_EMPTY', r.read('errors.active'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'flow.prime')
+        r.step(400)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('flow.state'), 'standby')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='buffer_empty_cleared', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_sensorgram_out_of_range_is_null(self):                             # F-05
+        r = Rig(seed=75)
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.E, 'kit.provide', kit='maintenance')
+        r.rack(items=[('R1A1', 'bianormalizing', 1.0e-6)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='g', flow_rate_m3_s=10 * ULM, flow_path='1', data_rate_hz=1)
+        r.step(20)
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.command', command=dict(command='sample_injection', position='R1A1', contact_s=60.0))
+        r.step(150)
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.stop')
+        ys = r.call(r.A, 'data.sensorgram', run_id='g', cycle=1, curves=['1'])['curves']['1']
+        self.assertTrue(any(v is None for v in ys))                              # 70 % glycerol: out of range
+        self.assertFalse(any(v == 0.0 for v in ys))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='sensorgram_null', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_tool_durations_from_the_manual(self):                              # F-06
+        self.assertEqual((rt.MAINT_S['desorb'], rt.MAINT_S['desorb_and_sanitize'], rt.MAINT_S['wash_buffer_tubing'], rt.MAINT_S['flow_system_wash'],
+                          rt.MAINT_S['system_check']), (1200.0, 3600.0, 1800.0, 240.0, 6000.0))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='tool_durations', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_system_error_blocks_and_aborts_runs(self):                         # F-07
+        r = Rig(seed=76)
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='m1', flow_rate_m3_s=10 * ULM, flow_path='1')
+        r.step(5)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='system_error', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(r.h.runs['m1']['state'], 'failed')
+        self.assertIn('SYSTEM_ERROR', r.read('errors.active'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', 'SYSTEM_ERROR', run_id='m2', flow_rate_m3_s=10 * ULM, flow_path='1')
+        r.call(r.A, 'flow.prime', 'SYSTEM_ERROR')
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='system_error', active=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='m2', flow_rate_m3_s=10 * ULM, flow_path='1')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.stop')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='system_error', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_chip_lamp_flashes_with_an_ejected_chip_in_the_port(self):          # F-08
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(prime=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.eject')
+        r.step(35)
+        seen = set()
+        for _ in range(4):
+            r.h.step(0.5)
+            seen.add(r.read('lamp.sensor_chip'))
+        self.assertEqual(seen, {True, False})                                   # Operating Instructions 3.2: flashing when inserted but not docked
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.remove')
+        r.step(1)
+        self.assertFalse(r.read('lamp.sensor_chip'))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='chip_lamp_ejected', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_water_running_buffer_readable_at_45c(self):                        # F-09
+        r = Rig(seed=77, room=298.15)
+        r.ready(buffer='water')
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', analysis_k=318.15)
+        r.until(lambda: r.read('temperature.analysis_stable'), 5 * 3600, 60.0)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(r.read('response.ru')['1'])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='water_45c', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_power_loss_halts_tray_and_cover_and_blanks_response(self):         # C-06, F-11, F-12
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(prime=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.eject')
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('rack.state'), 'ejecting')
+        x = r.read('rack.carriage_position_m')
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('rack.state'), 'stopped')
+        self.assertTrue(all(v is None for v in r.read('response.ru').values()))
+        r.step(30)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('rack.carriage_position_m'), x)                  # the tray stops where it is
+        self.assertTrue(r.h._idle())                                            # nothing moves without power: 10 s idle blocks
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        r.step(35)
+        r.call(r.A, 'rack.retract')
+        r.step(8)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('rack.state'), 'inside')
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.eject')
+        r.step(35)
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.remove')
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.close_cover')
+        r.step(2)
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.open_port')
+        r.h.step(0.3)
+        c = r.read('chip.port_cover_angle_rad')
+        self.assertTrue(0.0 < c < 1.2, c)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        r.step(5)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('chip.port_cover_angle_rad'), c)                # the cover motor stops
+        r.call(r.A, 'chip.close_cover')
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertEqual(r.read('chip.port_cover_angle_rad'), 0.0)              # closing by hand works without power
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='power_loss_halts', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_bottle_reading_is_a_graduation_reading(self):                      # C-02
+        r = Rig()
+        r.ready(prime=False)
+        r.step(3600)
+        v, t = r.read('bottle.volumes_m3'), r.read('truth.bottle_volumes_m3')
+        for slot, step in rt.BOTTLE_GRADUATION_M3.items():
+            if v[slot] is None:                                                 # no bottle in this position
+                self.assertEqual(t[slot], 0.0)
+                continue
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(v[slot] / step, round(v[slot] / step), places=6)
+            self.assertLessEqual(abs(v[slot] - t[slot]), 0.5 * step + 1e-12)
+        self.assertNotEqual(v['buffer_a'], t['buffer_a'])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='bottle_reading', status='passed'))
+
+
+class ReviewRound2(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regressions for the independent review round 2 (runtime F2-01, contract C2-01 / C2-02)."""
+
+    def test_only_the_emptied_tube_clears_buffer_empty(self):                  # F2-01
+        r = Rig(seed=81)
+        r.ready()
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='rb3', volume_m3=1e-3, base='hbs_ep_plus')
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_a', solution_id='rb3', volume_m3=1e-5)
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='e', flow_rate_m3_s=100 * ULM, flow_path='1')
+        r.step(7200)
+        self.assertIn('BUFFER_EMPTY', r.read('errors.active'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'bottle.place', slot='buffer_b', solution_id='rb3', volume_m3=2e-4)     # another tube: tube A is still empty
+        self.assertIn('BUFFER_EMPTY', r.read('errors.active'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'flow.select_buffer', tube='buffer_b')
+        r.call(r.A, 'flow.prime')
+        r.step(400)
+        self.assertNotIn('BUFFER_EMPTY', r.read('errors.active'))                # primed from tube B
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='buffer_empty_tube', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_power_loss_stops_an_opening_cover_later(self):                     # C2-01, C2-02
+        meta = rt.export_cytiva_biacoret200_contract_metadata()['capabilities']
+        for cap in ('power.set', 'power.press_switch', 'fault.inject', 'plant.configure'):
+            later = {e['state_id'] for e in meta[cap]['state_effects'] if e.get('timing') != 'immediate'}
+            self.assertIn('chip.port_cover_angle_rad', rt.ON_STEP[cap], cap)
+            self.assertNotIn('door.left_pump_angle_rad', rt.ON_STEP[cap], cap)
+        self.assertNotIn('rack.carriage_position_m', rt.EFFECTS['power.set'])
+        self.assertIn('chip.port_cover_angle_rad', later)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='power_cover_effect', status='passed'))
+
+
+class ZDeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Observed changes of the immediate call and of the following steps (compared with the same host without the call) are declared."""
+
+    def _pair(self, setup, call, steps=300.0):
+        a, b = Rig(seed=71), Rig(seed=71)
+        for r in (a, b):
+            setup(r)
+        before = a.read()
+        call(a)
+        after = a.read()
+        imm = {k for k in after if after[k] != before[k]} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        for r in (a, b):
+            r.h.step(steps)
+        ra, rb = a.read(), b.read()
+
+        def differ(x, y):
+            if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+                return abs(x - y) > 1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+            if isinstance(x, dict) and isinstance(y, dict):
+                return set(x) != set(y) or any(differ(x[k], y[k]) for k in x)
+            return x != y
+        later = {k for k in ra if differ(ra[k], rb[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        return imm, later
+
+    def test_declared_effects(self):
+        def ready(r):
+            r.ready()
+        cases = {
+            'temperature.set': (ready, lambda r: r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', analysis_k=300.15)),
+            'flow.stop_standby': (ready, lambda r: r.call(r.A, 'flow.stop_standby')),
+            'door.set': (ready, lambda r: r.call(r.A, 'door.set', door='left_pump', open=True)),
+            'rack.eject': (ready, lambda r: r.call(r.A, 'rack.eject')),
+            'chip.eject': (ready, lambda r: r.call(r.A, 'chip.eject')),
+            'run.manual_start': (ready, lambda r: r.call(r.A, 'run.manual_start', run_id='x', flow_rate_m3_s=20 * ULM, flow_path='1-2')),
+        }
+        bad = {}
+        for cap, (setup, call) in cases.items():
+            imm, later = self._pair(setup, call)
+            declared = set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, [])) | {'warnings.active', 'operations.running', 'errors.active'}
+            on = set(rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, [])) | declared
+            if imm - declared or later - on:
+                bad[cap] = dict(immediate=sorted(imm - declared), later=sorted(later - on))
+        self.assertEqual(bad, {})
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='declared_effects', status='passed', cases=sorted(cases)))
+
+
+class ZZOutputs(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_capability_exercised_or_listed(self):
+        missing = sorted(k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and k not in SEEN_CAPS)
+        allowed = {'eval.concentration', 'power.press_switch', 'chip.remove', 'bottle.empty_waste', 'run.queue_delete'}
+        self.assertTrue(set(missing) <= allowed | set(), missing)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='capabilities_exercised', status='passed', exercised=len(SEEN_CAPS), missing=missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_eppendorf_cellxpertc170i.py b/tests/test_asset_eppendorf_cellxpertc170i.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb62caa2af9f539c36c97fe57fbd89c474d4dd56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_eppendorf_cellxpertc170i.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1185 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-166 eppendorf_cellxpertc170i: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_eppendorf_cellxpertc170i.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances are
+isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation and vessel ownership, conservation (energy, CO2, water, glucose/lactate ledgers), real return values
+validated against the declared schemas (asset_tool validate_value), asynchronous HTD with cancellation, host-step independence (fixed 1 s grid),
+declared immediate and on_step effects over scenario states; plus the incubator physics against the manufacturer data: warm-up and 37 C stability,
+CO2 sensor initialisation (30 min) and the 5 % set point within +-0.3 %, recovery after a 30 s door opening in < 5 min (brochure), humidity 92.5 %
+with the water tray, the 14 h / 180 C high-temperature disinfection with its checks and aborts, gas-pressure warnings / alarms / valve closing,
+O2 control with N2 and its physical upper limit, the CO2 wait after a power interruption, the temperature limiter, condensation behind an
+unlatched inner door, altitude (partial-pressure sensors), alarms and BMS relays, recurring tasks and the performance check; the cultures: medium pH
+from the HiMedia formulations at 5 / 10 % CO2, growth with the Cellosaurus doubling time, glucose / lactate, bench exposure, contamination.
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import eppendorf_cellxpertc170i as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+INST = 'incubator_01'
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_eppendorf_cellxpertc170i_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.EppendorfCellxpertC170iRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.EppendorfCellxpertC170iRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+
+def check(cid, **detail):
+    CHECKS.append(dict(check=cid, status='passed', **detail))
+
+
+def powered(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.EppendorfCellxpertC170iRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    return h
+
+
+def open_both(h):
+    h.invoke('door.outer', open=True)
+    h.step(2.0)
+    h.invoke('door.latch', open=True)
+    h.step(1.0)
+    h.invoke('door.inner', open=True)
+    h.step(2.0)
+
+
+def close_both(h):
+    h.invoke('door.inner', open=False)
+    h.step(2.0)
+    h.invoke('door.latch', open=False)
+    h.step(1.0)
+    h.invoke('door.outer', open=False)
+    h.step(2.0)
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, water=2.0e-3, settle=6 * 3600.0, **plant):
+    """Powered, tray filled with 2 L of 36 C water, doors closed, settled."""
+    h = powered(seed, **plant)
+    if water:
+        open_both(h)
+        h.invoke('water_tray.fill', volume_m3=water, temperature_k=309.15)
+        close_both(h)
+    h.step(settle)
+    return h
+
+
+def flask(h, vid='f1', medium='himedia_al028', cell='hela', cells=1.0e6, vtype='flask_t75', vol=1.5e-5, T=310.15, closure=None, gas='air'):
+    kw = dict(vessel_id=vid, vessel_type=vtype, medium_id=medium, medium_volume_m3=vol, cell_line_id=cell, seeded_cells=cells, temperature_k=T, initial_gas=gas)
+    if closure:
+        kw['closure'] = closure
+    return h.invoke('vessel.provide', **kw)
+
+
+def truth(h, vid):
+    return h.invoke('vessel.inspect', vessel_id=vid)['truth']
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- contract, libraries
+class ContractAndLibraries(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity_and_export(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        self.assertEqual(m['asset_type_id'], 'instrument.eppendorf_cellxpertc170i')
+        self.assertEqual(set(m['capabilities']), set(rt.CAPS))
+        self.assertEqual(set(m['state_slots']), set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertTrue(c['errors'], k)
+            for e in rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, []):
+                self.assertIn(e, rt.ERROR_ZH, e)
+        contract = ROOT / 'assets/expansion_batch04/t4_measure/eppendorf_cellxpertc170i/asset.contract.json'
+        if contract.exists():
+            c = json.loads(contract.read_text())
+            if c.get('capabilities', {}).get('htd.start'):
+                self.assertEqual(set(c['capabilities']), set(rt.CAPS))
+        check('export')
+
+    def test_template_libraries(self):
+        md, cl, vs = rt.media(), rt.cell_lines(), rt.vessel_types()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(md), 50)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(cl), 50)
+        self.assertEqual(set(vs), set(rt.VESSEL_TYPES))
+        for v in md.values():
+            self.assertTrue(v['source'].startswith('HiMedia technical data sheet'))
+            self.assertIn(v['evidence'], ('documented',))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(md['himedia_al111']['bicarbonate_mol_m3'], 3700 / 84.007, places=3)
+        self.assertGreater(sum(1 for v in cl.values() if v['doubling_times']), 50)
+        self.assertEqual(vs['flask_t75']['growth_area_m2'], 0.0075)
+        e = rt.eqm()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.henry_co2(298.15), 3.4e-4 * 0.97, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.pk1_apparent(310.15), 6.10, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertIn('source', e['o2_henry'])
+        check('libraries', media=len(md), cell_lines=len(cl))
+
+    def test_ph_chemistry_matches_henderson_hasselbalch(self):
+        T = 310.15
+        for hco3, xc in ((26.2, 0.05), (44.0, 0.10), (44.0, 0.05), (4.17, 0.0004)):
+            co2 = rt.henry_co2(T) * xc * rt.P_REF
+            ph = rt.medium_ph(hco3, co2, 0.0, 0.0, T)
+            hh = 6.10 + math.log10(hco3 / co2)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(ph, hh, delta=0.03 if xc > 0.001 else 0.2)
+        self.assertLess(rt.medium_ph(24.0 + 12.0, 1.24, 25.0, 0.0, T) - rt.medium_ph(24.0 + 12.0, 2.48, 25.0, 0.0, T),
+                        rt.medium_ph(24.0, 1.24, 0.0, 0.0, T) - rt.medium_ph(24.0, 2.48, 0.0, 0.0, T))      # HEPES damps the CO2 dependence
+        self.assertEqual(rt.phenol_red(6.6, True)[0], 'yellow')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.phenol_red(7.4, True)[0], 'red')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.phenol_red(8.5, True)[0], 'purple')
+        check('ph_chemistry')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- chamber physics
+class Chamber(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_warm_up_stability_and_power(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.step(7200.0)
+        T = [h.sens['T']]
+        for _ in range(120):
+            h.step(60.0)
+            T.append(h.sens['T'])
+        mean = sum(T) / len(T)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(mean, 310.15, delta=0.1)                                                # 37 C
+        self.assertLess(max(T) - min(T), 0.25)                                                          # +-0.1 C stability (with sensor noise)
+        L0 = h.ledger()['heater_energy_j']
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        P = (h.ledger()['heater_energy_j'] - L0) / 3600.0
+        ua = rt.MODEL['ua_wall_w_k']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(P, ua * 15.0 + rt.MODEL['g_door_w_k'] * 15.0, delta=12.0)            # steady power = losses at 22 C room
+        check('warm_up', mean_k=mean, steady_w=P)
+
+    def test_co2_initialisation_accuracy_and_stability(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.step(1799.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['sensor.co2_fraction'])
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['status.co2_initializing'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('co2.set', setpoint_fraction=0.06)                                                # no set point change while initialising
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        xs = []
+        for _ in range(60):
+            h.step(60.0)
+            xs.append(h.read('evaluator')['truth.co2_fraction'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(xs) / len(xs), 0.05, delta=0.003)                                   # accuracy +-0.3 %
+        self.assertLess(max(xs) - min(xs), 0.002)                                                       # stability +-0.1 %
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['display.co2_percent'], 5.0, delta=0.3)
+        check('co2_control', mean=sum(xs) / len(xs))
+
+    def test_recovery_after_a_30_s_door_opening(self):
+        h = ready()
+        t0 = h.t
+        open_both(h)
+        h.step(25.0)
+        close_both(h)
+        Tmin, cmin, t98T, t98C = 1e9, 1e9, None, None
+        for _ in range(600):
+            h.step(1.0)
+            v = h.read('evaluator')
+            Tmin, cmin = min(Tmin, v['truth.air_temperature_k']), min(cmin, v['truth.co2_fraction'])
+            if t98T is None and Tmin < 309.0 and v['truth.air_temperature_k'] - 273.15 >= 0.98 * 37.0:
+                t98T = h.t - t0
+            if t98C is None and cmin < 0.04 and v['truth.co2_fraction'] >= 0.98 * 0.05:
+                t98C = h.t - t0
+        self.assertLess(Tmin, 303.15)                                                                   # the chamber air is exchanged while open
+        self.assertLess(cmin, 0.01)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(t98T)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(t98C)
+        self.assertLess(t98T, 300.0)                                                                    # brochure: 98 % in < 5 min
+        self.assertLess(t98C, 300.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['alarms.active'], [])                                                 # the alarms are paused after closing
+        check('door_recovery', t98_T_s=t98T, t98_CO2_s=t98C, Tmin_k=Tmin, co2_min=cmin)
+
+    def test_humidity_water_tray_and_water_alarm(self):
+        h = ready(settle=24 * 3600.0)
+        rh = h.read('evaluator')['truth.rh']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rh, 0.925, delta=0.025)                                                  # 92.5 +- 2.5 % at 37 C
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['sensor.rh'], rh, delta=0.02)
+        dry = powered()
+        dry.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertLess(dry.read('evaluator')['truth.rh'], 0.3)
+        self.assertIn('WATER_LOW', dry.read()['alarms.active'])                                        # < 0.5 L, armed 1 h after switch-on
+        self.assertTrue(dry.read()['bms.relays'][3])
+        check('humidity', rh=rh)
+
+    def test_condensation_behind_an_unlatched_inner_door(self):
+        def run(latch):
+            h = ready(settle=3600.0)
+            open_both(h)
+            h.invoke('door.inner', open=False)                                                         # manual: the inner door is not correctly closed until the
+            h.step(2.0)                                                                                 # latch is horizontal - otherwise condensation
+            if latch:
+                h.invoke('door.latch', open=False)
+                h.step(1.0)
+            h.invoke('door.outer', open=False)
+            h.step(24 * 3600.0)
+            return h.read('evaluator')['truth.condensate_kg']
+        wet, dry = run(False), run(True)
+        self.assertGreater(wet, dry)
+        self.assertGreater(wet, 1e-4)
+        check('condensation', unlatched_kg=wet, latched_kg=dry)
+
+    def test_setpoint_close_to_the_room_cannot_be_held(self):
+        h = powered(room_k=308.15)
+        w = h.invoke('temperature.set', setpoint_k=310.15)['warnings']
+        self.assertIn('setpoint_below_ambient_plus_4k', w)
+        h.invoke('temperature.set', setpoint_k=303.15)
+        h.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertIn('E_6731FW108', h.read()['alarms.active'])
+        self.assertGreater(h.read('evaluator')['truth.air_temperature_k'], 303.15 + 0.5)
+        check('ambient_limit')
+
+    def test_gas_pressure_alarms_and_control_timeout(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, co2_supply_pa=0.03e6))
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertIn('CO2_PRESSURE_WARNING', h.read()['alarms.active'])
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, co2_supply_pa=0.01e6))
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertIn('CO2_PRESSURE_LOW', h.read()['alarms.active'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.u['c'], 0.0)                                                                 # control stopped
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, co2_supply_pa=0.2e6))
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertIn('CO2_PRESSURE_HIGH', h.read()['alarms.active'])                                  # inlet valve closed
+        k = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        k.invoke('gas.pressure_monitor', enabled=False)
+        k.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, co2_supply_pa=0.0))
+        open_both(k)
+        k.step(20.0)
+        close_both(k)
+        k.step(2 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertTrue(k.read()['status.co2_control_failed'])
+        self.assertIn('E_6731FW214', k.read()['alarms.active'])
+        self.assertTrue(k.read()['bms.relays'][1])
+        k.invoke('plant.configure', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        k.invoke('gas.reset', gas='co2')
+        k.step(1800.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(k.read('evaluator')['truth.co2_fraction'], 0.05, delta=0.003)
+        check('gas_supply')
+
+    def test_o2_control_with_nitrogen_and_its_limit(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        h.invoke('o2.control', enabled=True)
+        h.invoke('o2.set', setpoint_fraction=0.05)
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.o2_fraction'], 0.05, delta=0.0025)
+        self.assertGreater(h.ledger()['n2_injected_mol'], 3.0)
+        w = h.invoke('o2.set', setpoint_fraction=0.20)['warnings']
+        self.assertIn('o2_setpoint_above_achievable', w)                                               # 5 % CO2 and water vapour dilute the air
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertLess(h.read('evaluator')['truth.o2_fraction'], 0.195)
+        self.assertIn('O2_LOW', h.read()['alarms.active'])
+        check('o2_control')
+
+    def test_co2_waits_for_the_temperature_after_a_power_cut(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        self.assertTrue(h.status['co2_gate'])
+        inj0 = h.ledger()['co2_injected_mol']
+        h.step(1900.0)                                                                                  # sensor initialised, temperature not yet reached?
+        if h.status['co2_gate']:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['co2_injected_mol'], inj0, delta=1e-12)
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.status['co2_gate'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.co2_fraction'], 0.05, delta=0.003)
+        check('power_cut')
+
+    def test_temperature_limiter(self):
+        h = ready(settle=2 * 3600.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='heater_stuck_on', active=True)
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertIn('E_6731FW111', h.read()['alarms.active'])
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['status.heating_shutdown'])
+        self.assertLess(h.read('evaluator')['truth.wall_temperature_k'], 310.15 + 12.0)
+        k = ready(settle=2 * 3600.0)
+        k.invoke('fault.inject', fault='heater_failure', active=True)
+        k.step(8 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertIn('E_6731W112', k.read()['alarms.active'])
+        check('limiter')
+
+    def test_altitude_partial_pressure_sensors(self):
+        h = ready(settle=4 * 3600.0, ambient_pressure_pa=80000.0)
+        x = h.read('evaluator')['truth.co2_fraction']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(x * 80000.0, 0.05 * rt.P_REF, delta=0.004 * rt.P_REF)                   # the NDIR controls the partial pressure
+        self.assertGreater(x, 0.058)
+        check('altitude', true_fraction=x)
+
+    def test_alarms_door_signal_mute_and_relays(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        h.invoke('door.outer', open=True)
+        h.step(29.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('DOOR_OPEN', h.read()['alarms.active'])
+        h.step(3.0)
+        self.assertIn('DOOR_OPEN', h.read()['alarms.active'])
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['alarm.sound'])
+        h.invoke('alarm.mute')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['alarm.sound'])
+        h.step(300.0)
+        self.assertIn('DOOR_LONG', h.read()['alarms.active'])
+        h.invoke('door.outer', open=False)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('DOOR_OPEN', h.read()['alarms.active'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('alarm.configure', kind='door', enabled=True, signal_s=20.0)
+        h.invoke('alarm.configure', kind='door', enabled=True, signal_s=15.0)
+        h.invoke('alarm.configure', kind='temperature', enabled=True, low_k=0.2, high_k=0.2)
+        h.invoke('door.outer', open=True)
+        h.step(17.0)
+        self.assertIn('DOOR_OPEN', h.read()['alarms.active'])
+        check('alarms')
+
+    def test_high_temperature_disinfection(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3600.0)
+        flask(h, 'v1', cells=0.0, cell=None)
+        open_both(h)
+        h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='v1', shelf=1)
+        for code in ('VESSELS_IN_CHAMBER',):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                h.invoke('htd.start')
+            self.assertIn(str(cm.exception), ('VESSELS_IN_CHAMBER', 'DOORS_NOT_CLOSED'))
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove', vessel_id='v1')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('htd.start')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'WATER_IN_TRAY')
+        h.invoke('water_tray.empty', clean=True)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('htd.start')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'RH_SENSOR_UNCOVERED')
+        h.invoke('rh_sensor.cover', on=True)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('htd.start')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'DOORS_NOT_CLOSED')
+        close_both(h)
+        t0 = h.t
+        op = h.invoke('htd.start')['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['operation.kind'], 'htd')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('temperature.set', setpoint_k=311.15)
+        peak = 0.0
+        while h.htd['phase'] in ('heating', 'holding', 'cooling') and h.t - t0 < 20 * 3600:
+            h.step(300.0)
+            peak = max(peak, h.read('evaluator')['truth.wall_temperature_k'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.htd['last'], 'successful')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((h.t - t0) / 3600.0, 14.0, delta=0.5)                                  # manual: approx. 14 h
+        self.assertGreater(peak, 452.15)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'completed')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['status.co2_initializing'])
+        rec = h.invoke('records.list')['records'][-1]
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(rec['details']['hold_at_180_s'], rt.HTD_HOLD_S)
+        k = ready(settle=600.0, water=0.0)
+        open_both(k)
+        k.invoke('rh_sensor.cover', on=True)
+        close_both(k)
+        k.invoke('htd.start')
+        k.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        k.invoke('door.outer', open=True)
+        k.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(k.htd['last'], 'failed')
+        self.assertIn('E_6731FW753', k.read()['alarms.active'])
+        self.assertEqual(k.read()['htd.phase'], 'post_htd_cooling')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            k.invoke('door.latch', open=True) if k._ang('outer') < 1.0 else k.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='nope', shelf=1)
+        check('htd', hours=(h.t - t0) / 3600.0, peak_k=peak)
+
+    def test_performance_check_and_recurring_tasks(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        r = h.invoke('performance_check.record', kind='temperature', reference_temperature_k=310.05, instrument='probe')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['deviation_k'], r['displayed_temperature_k'] - 310.05, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertIsNone(r['deviation_fraction'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('performance_check.record', kind='o2', reference_fraction=0.10, instrument='analyser')    # O2 not at its default 10 %
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('task.complete', task='high_temperature_disinfection')
+        h.invoke('task.configure', task='chamber_cleaning', interval_s=3600.0)
+        h.step(3700.0)
+        self.assertIn('chamber_cleaning', h.read()['tasks.due'])
+        h.invoke('task.complete', task='chamber_cleaning')
+        self.assertNotIn('chamber_cleaning', h.read()['tasks.due'])
+        h.step(15 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertIn('water_refill', h.read()['tasks.due'])
+        check('tasks')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- cultures
+class Cultures(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_medium_ph_at_5_and_10_percent_co2(self):
+        h = ready(settle=4 * 3600.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        for vid, med in (('dmem', 'himedia_al111'), ('rpmi', 'himedia_al028'), ('rpmi_hepes', 'himedia_al060')):
+            flask(h, vid, medium=med, cell=None, cells=0.0)
+            h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id=vid, shelf=2)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        ph5 = {v: truth(h, v)['pH'] for v in ('dmem', 'rpmi', 'rpmi_hepes')}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ph5['rpmi'], 7.42, delta=0.08)                                         # 23.8 mM bicarbonate + 5.6 mM Na2HPO4 at 5 % CO2
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ph5['dmem'], 7.65, delta=0.08)                                         # DMEM (44 mM) is alkaline at 5 %
+        h.invoke('co2.set', setpoint_fraction=0.10)
+        h.step(8 * 3600.0)
+        ph10 = {v: truth(h, v)['pH'] for v in ('dmem', 'rpmi', 'rpmi_hepes')}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ph10['dmem'], 7.38, delta=0.08)                                        # ... and ~7.4 at 10 % (its design point)
+        self.assertLess(ph5['rpmi_hepes'] - ph10['rpmi_hepes'], ph5['rpmi'] - ph10['rpmi'])            # HEPES buffers the CO2 step
+        self.assertEqual(rt.phenol_red(ph5['rpmi'], True)[0], 'red')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.phenol_red(ph10['rpmi'], True)[0], 'orange')
+        open_both(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('vessel.observe', vessel_id='rpmi')['medium_colour'], 'orange')
+        check('medium_ph', at5=ph5, at10=ph10)
+
+    def test_growth_follows_the_doubling_time_and_uses_glucose(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        flask(h, 'k562', cell='k_562', cells=2.0e6)
+        h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='k562', shelf=3)
+        close_both(h)
+        t0 = truth(h, 'k562')
+        h.step(3 * 86400.0)
+        t3 = truth(h, 'k562')
+        td = rt.cell_lines()['k_562']['doubling_time_s']
+        expected = 2 ** ((3 * 86400.0 - rt.GROWTH['lag_s']) / td)
+        ratio = t3['cells_live'] / t0['cells_live']
+        self.assertGreater(ratio, 0.6 * expected)
+        self.assertLess(ratio, 1.05 * expected)
+        self.assertLess(t3['glucose_mol_m3'], t0['glucose_mol_m3'])
+        self.assertGreater(t3['lactate_mol_m3'], 1.0)
+        self.assertLess(t3['pH'], t0['pH'] + 0.2)
+        L = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['lactate_produced_mol'], rt.GROWTH['y_lac'] * L['glucose_consumed_mol'], delta=1e-9)
+        h.step(4 * 86400.0)
+        t7 = truth(h, 'k562')
+        self.assertLess(t7['glucose_mol_m3'], 0.5)                                                     # glucose runs out, cells die
+        self.assertEqual(t7['phase'], 'death')
+        open_both(h)
+        self.assertIn(h.invoke('vessel.observe', vessel_id='k562')['medium_colour'], ('orange', 'yellow'))
+        check('growth', ratio_3d=ratio, expected=expected)
+
+    def test_bench_exposure_and_cold_vessels(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        flask(h, 'warm', cell=None, cells=0.0, gas='incubator')
+        h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='warm', shelf=2)
+        for i in range(6):
+            flask(h, f'cold{i}', vtype='flask_t175', vol=5.0e-5, T=277.15, cell=None, cells=0.0)
+            h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id=f'cold{i}', shelf=1 + i % 4)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        self.assertLess(h.read('evaluator')['truth.air_temperature_k'], 309.65)                        # cold medium pulls the chamber down
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(truth(h, 'cold0')['temperature_k'], 310.15, delta=0.8)
+        open_both(h)
+        ph_in = truth(h, 'warm')['pH']
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove', vessel_id='warm')
+        close_both(h)
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        tb = truth(h, 'warm')
+        self.assertLess(tb['temperature_k'], 297.15)
+        self.assertGreater(tb['pH'], ph_in + 0.4)                                                      # CO2 leaves through the vented cap
+        self.assertIn(h.invoke('vessel.observe', vessel_id='warm')['medium_colour'], ('pink', 'purple'))
+        check('bench_and_cold', ph_in=ph_in, ph_bench=tb['pH'])
+
+    def test_contamination_turns_the_medium_turbid_and_acid(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        flask(h, 'c1', cells=1.0e6)
+        h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='c1', shelf=2)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vessel_contamination', active=True, vessel_id='c1')
+        h.step(36 * 3600.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        ob = h.invoke('vessel.observe', vessel_id='c1')
+        self.assertTrue(ob['turbid'])
+        self.assertIn(ob['medium_colour'], ('yellow', 'orange'))
+        self.assertLess(truth(h, 'c1')['viability'], 0.9)
+        check('contamination')
+
+    def test_shelf_capacity_and_vessel_rules(self):
+        h = ready(settle=600.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        for i in range(6):
+            flask(h, f'b{i}', vtype='flask_t225', vol=6.8e-5, cell=None, cells=0.0)
+        for i in range(5):
+            h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id=f'b{i}', shelf=1)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='b5', shelf=1)
+        self.assertIn(str(cm.exception), ('SHELF_FULL', 'SHELF_OVERLOAD'))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            flask(h, 'x', cells=1e9)                                                                   # above the confluent number
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            flask(h, 'y', vtype='dish_60mm', closure='vented_cap')
+        close_both(h)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('vessel.remove', vessel_id='b0')                                                   # doors closed
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('vessel.observe', vessel_id='b0')                                                  # opaque outer door
+        check('vessel_rules')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- framework
+class Framework(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_describe_pure_and_clock(self):
+        h = ready(settle=600.0)
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        v0 = h.read('evaluator')
+        h.session('ag').describe(instance_id=INST)
+        h.session('ag').read(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(v0, sort_keys=True))
+        t = h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=2.25)['time_s']
+        self.assertEqual(t, h.t)
+        check('pure_reads')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independent(self):
+        def run(splits):
+            h = powered(seed=4)
+            for dt in splits(1200.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            open_both(h)
+            h.invoke('water_tray.fill', volume_m3=2.0e-3, temperature_k=305.15)
+            flask(h, 'p', cells=1.0e6)
+            h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='p', shelf=2)
+            for dt in splits(30.5):
+                h.step(dt)
+            close_both(h)
+            for dt in splits(7300.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            v_mid = h.read('evaluator')
+            h.invoke('co2.set', setpoint_fraction=0.07)
+            for dt in splits(3000.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            return h, v_mid
+        a, am = run(lambda T: [T])
+        b, bm = run(lambda T: [T / 8] * 8)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(am, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(bm, sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(b.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(truth(a, 'p'), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(truth(b, 'p'), sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.chart, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(b.chart, sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.ledger(), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(b.ledger(), sort_keys=True))
+        check('step_partition')
+
+    def test_conservation_ledgers(self):
+        h = powered()
+        c0 = copy.deepcopy(h.ch)
+        tray0 = h.tray['V']
+        open_both(h)
+        h.invoke('water_tray.fill', volume_m3=2.0e-3, temperature_k=309.15)
+        flask(h, 'q', cells=1.0e6)
+        h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='q', shelf=2)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        L, c = h.ledger(), h.ch
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c['nc'] - c0['nc'], L['co2_injected_mol'] + L['co2_exchanged_in_mol'] - L['co2_exchanged_out_mol'], delta=1e-9)
+        dw = (c['nw'] - c0['nw']) + (c['cond'] - c0['cond'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(dw, L['water_evaporated_tray_mol'] + L['water_evaporated_vessels_mol'] - L['water_vented_mol'] - L['water_drained_to_tray_mol'], delta=1e-9)
+        tray_mol = (tray0 + L['water_filled_m3'] - L['water_removed_m3'] - h.tray['V']) * rt.RHO_WATER / rt.M_WATER
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(tray_mol, L['water_evaporated_tray_mol'] - L['water_drained_to_tray_mol'], delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(L['electrical_energy_j'], L['heater_energy_j'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('ledger.read')['ledger'], h.ledger())
+        check('ledgers')
+
+    def test_rejections_leave_state_unchanged(self):
+        h = ready(settle=600.0)
+        v0 = json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str)
+        for cap, args in [('door.inner', dict(open=True)), ('door.latch', dict(open=True)), ('water_tray.fill', dict(volume_m3=1e-3, temperature_k=309.15)),
+                          ('temperature.set', dict(setpoint_k=310.17)), ('co2.set', dict(setpoint_fraction=0.0505)), ('htd.start', {}), ('gas.reset', dict(gas='co2')),
+                          ('vessel.place', dict(vessel_id='none', shelf=1)), ('task.complete', dict(task='performance_check')),
+                          ('alarm.configure', dict(kind='rh', enabled=True, low=0.3))]:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(cap, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str), v0)
+        check('rejections_pure')
+
+    def test_htd_cancellation(self):
+        h = ready(settle=600.0, water=0.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        h.invoke('rh_sensor.cover', on=True)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('ag')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='htd.start', arguments={}, request_id='h')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        h.step(1800.0)
+        s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['htd.last_result'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['htd.phase'], 'post_htd_cooling')
+        h.step(12 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['htd.phase'], 'idle')
+        self.assertNotIn('E_6731FW111', h.read()['alarms.active'])                                      # a cancelled HTD cools without tripping the limiter
+        check('htd_cancel')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = ready(settle=600.0), ready(settle=600.0)
+        open_both(a)
+        flask(a, 'iso', cell=None, cells=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(b.vessels, {})
+        self.assertNotEqual(a._ang('outer'), b._ang('outer'))
+        check('isolation')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation_ownership_and_idempotence(self):
+        h = ready(settle=600.0)
+        for n, v in (('a1', 'agent'), ('a2', 'agent'), ('ev', 'evaluator')):
+            h.register_principal(n, v)
+        s1, s2, e = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2'), h.session('ev')
+        obs = s1.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        self.assertIn('truth.co2_fraction', e.read(instance_id=INST)['observations'])
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='vessel.provide', arguments=dict(rt.VESSEL_EXAMPLE, vessel_id='own'), request_id='p')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='vessel.provide', arguments=dict(rt.VESSEL_EXAMPLE, vessel_id='own'), request_id='p'), r)
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='door.outer', arguments=dict(open=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='vessel.discard', arguments=dict(vessel_id='own'), request_id='d')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='vessel.inspect', arguments=dict(vessel_id='own'), request_id='i')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']['vessels.on_bench']['value'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(s1.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']['vessels.on_bench']['value'], ['own'])
+        check('truth_isolation_ownership')
+
+    def test_switch_ports_control_flags_and_discard(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        k = copy.deepcopy(h)
+        h.invoke('access_port.plug', port='upper', plugged=False)                                     # an open 25 mm port leaks
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['access_ports.unplugged'], ['upper'])
+        c0h, c0k = h.ledger()['co2_injected_mol'], k.ledger()['co2_injected_mol']
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        k.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.ledger()['co2_injected_mol'] - c0h, 3.0 * (k.ledger()['co2_injected_mol'] - c0k))
+        h.invoke('access_port.plug', port='upper', plugged=True)
+        h.invoke('co2.control', enabled=False)
+        u = h.ledger()['co2_injected_mol']
+        h.step(1800.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['co2_injected_mol'], u)                                            # temperature control only
+        h.invoke('co2.control', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('contamination.set_status', contaminated=True)['status'], 'contaminated')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['contamination.status'], 'contaminated')
+        self.assertFalse(h.invoke('power.press_switch')['enabled'])                                    # the mains switch toggles
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['display.temperature_c'])
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('power.press_switch')['enabled'])
+        flask(h, 'gone', cell=None, cells=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('vessel.discard', vessel_id='gone')['vessel_id'], 'gone')
+        self.assertNotIn('gone', h.vessels)
+        check('controls_and_flags')
+
+    def test_queries_export_and_unsupported(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        rows = h.invoke('chart.read', since_s=0.0, max_points=1440)['rows']
+        self.assertGreater(len(rows), 100)
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('alarms.list')['relays'], [False, False, False, False])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(h.invoke('provenance.read')['libraries']), 5)
+        ex = h.invoke('data.export', kind='chart')
+        self.assertEqual(ex['rows'], len(h.chart))
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.invoke('tasks.list')['tasks']), 4)
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(k)
+        check('queries')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects over scenario states
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return rt.EppendorfCellxpertC170iRuntime()
+    if name == 'off':
+        h = rt.EppendorfCellxpertC170iRuntime()
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        flask(h, 'v', cell=None, cells=0.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'warming':
+        h = powered()
+        h.step(600.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'steady':
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        flask(h, 'v', cells=1.0e6)
+        return h
+    if name == 'outer_open':
+        h = _scenario('steady')
+        h.invoke('door.outer', open=True)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'open':
+        h = _scenario('steady')
+        open_both(h)
+        return h
+    if name == 'loaded':
+        h = _scenario('open')
+        h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='v', shelf=2)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'loaded_open':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        open_both(h)
+        return h
+    if name == 'htd_ready':
+        h = ready(settle=600.0, water=0.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        h.invoke('rh_sensor.cover', on=True)
+        close_both(h)
+        return h
+    if name == 'alarm':
+        h = _scenario('steady')
+        h.invoke('door.outer', open=True)
+        h.step(40.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'htd':
+        h = ready(settle=600.0, water=0.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        h.invoke('rh_sensor.cover', on=True)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.invoke('htd.start')
+        h.step(1800.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'failed_gas':
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        h.invoke('gas.pressure_monitor', enabled=False)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, co2_supply_pa=0.0))
+        open_both(h)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.step(2 * 3600.0)
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'warming', 'steady', 'outer_open', 'open', 'loaded', 'loaded_open', 'alarm', 'htd_ready', 'htd', 'failed_gas']
+STEP_DTS = (0.5, 5.0, 60.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, room_k=300.15, co2_supply_pa=0.03e6)],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_switch': [{}],
+        'temperature.set': [dict(setpoint_k=311.15)], 'co2.set': [dict(setpoint_fraction=0.06)], 'o2.set': [dict(setpoint_fraction=0.05)],
+        'co2.control': [dict(enabled=False), dict(enabled=True)], 'o2.control': [dict(enabled=True)], 'gas.pressure_monitor': [dict(enabled=False)], 'gas.reset': [dict(gas='co2')],
+        'alarm.configure': [dict(kind='temperature', enabled=True, low_k=0.2, high_k=0.2), dict(kind='door', enabled=True, signal_s=15.0)], 'alarm.mute': [{}],
+        'htd.start': [{}], 'contamination.set_status': [dict(contaminated=True)], 'task.configure': [dict(task='chamber_cleaning', interval_s=3600.0)],
+        'task.complete': [dict(task='water_refill')], 'performance_check.record': [dict(kind='temperature', reference_temperature_k=310.1, instrument='p')],
+        'data.export': [dict(kind='events')], 'door.outer': [dict(open=True), dict(open=False)], 'door.latch': [dict(open=True), dict(open=False)],
+        'door.inner': [dict(open=True), dict(open=False)], 'water_tray.fill': [dict(volume_m3=2.0e-4, temperature_k=309.15)], 'water_tray.empty': [dict(clean=True)],
+        'rh_sensor.cover': [dict(on=True)], 'access_port.plug': [dict(port='upper', plugged=False)], 'vessel.provide': [dict(rt.VESSEL_EXAMPLE, vessel_id='new')],
+        'vessel.place': [dict(vessel_id='v', shelf=2)], 'vessel.remove': [dict(vessel_id='v')], 'vessel.observe': [dict(vessel_id='v')], 'vessel.discard': [dict(vessel_id='v')],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in ('power_loss', 'heater_failure', 'heater_stuck_on', 'co2_valve_stuck_closed', 'gasket_leak', 'ndir_drift')]
+                        + [dict(fault='vessel_contamination', active=True, vessel_id='v'), dict(fault='power_loss', active=False)],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 128:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] not in ('query',)
+
+
+class ReviewRound1(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Findings of the independent runtime / contract review round 1 (outputs/.../independent_*_review_r1.json)."""
+
+    def _open30(self, h):
+        h.invoke('door.outer', open=True)
+        h.step(1.5)
+        h.invoke('door.latch', open=True)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        h.invoke('door.inner', open=True)
+        h.step(24.0)
+        h.invoke('door.inner', open=False)
+        h.step(1.5)
+        h.invoke('door.latch', open=False)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        h.invoke('door.outer', open=False)
+
+    def test_f01_no_overshoot_after_door_opening_and_f05_humidity_recovery(self):
+        h = ready(settle=24 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._rh_true(), 0.925, delta=0.01)
+        t0 = h.t
+        self._open30(h)
+        temps, rhs = [], []
+        for _ in range(3600):
+            h.step(1.0)
+            temps.append((h.t - t0, h.sens['T']))
+            rhs.append((h.t - t0, h.sens['rh']))
+        late = [T for s, T in temps if s >= 180.0]
+        self.assertLess(max(late) - 310.15, 0.2)                                # brochure: recovery without regulation overshoot
+        self.assertGreater(min(late) - 310.15, -0.2)
+        self.assertLess(max(abs(T - 310.15) for s, T in temps if s >= 600.0), 0.1)
+        rh80 = next(s for s, r in rhs if r >= 0.80 and s > 60.0)
+        self.assertLess(rh80, 1800.0)                                           # back above 80 % well before the 3.5 h RH-alarm time-out
+        self.assertNotIn('RH_LOW', h.alarms)
+        check('door_recovery_no_overshoot', t_max_k=max(late), t_min_k=min(late), rh80_s=rh80)
+
+    def test_f05_warm_tray_water_fogs_the_glass_door(self):
+        h = ready(settle=6 * 3600.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        h.invoke('water_tray.empty', clean=False)
+        h.invoke('water_tray.fill', volume_m3=1.5e-3, temperature_k=333.15)
+        close_both(h)
+        fog, rh = 0.0, 0.0
+        for _ in range(90):
+            h.step(60.0)
+            fog = max(fog, h.read('evaluator')['truth.condensate_kg'])
+            rh = max(rh, h.read('evaluator')['truth.rh'])
+        self.assertGreater(fog, 1e-4)                                           # manual Tab. 11-7: condensation on the inner door with too-warm tray water
+        self.assertLessEqual(rh, 1.0 + 1e-9)
+        cold = ready(settle=12 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(cold.read('evaluator')['truth.condensate_kg'], 0.0)
+        check('warm_water_fog', condensate_kg=fog)
+
+    def test_f02_bms_relays_fail_safe(self):
+        h = ready(settle=600.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['bms.relays'], [True, True, True, True])
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['bms.relays'], [True, True, True, True])
+        check('bms_fail_safe')
+
+    def test_f03_initial_gas_states_and_sealed_flasks(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        for mid in ('himedia_al111', 'himedia_al028', 'himedia_al060'):
+            flask(h, 'b' + mid, medium=mid, cell=None, cells=0.0, T=298.15, gas='as_supplied')
+            qc = rt.media()[mid]['qc_pH']
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(truth(h, 'b' + mid)['pH'], 0.5 * (qc[0] + qc[1]), delta=1e-6)
+        flask(h, 'inc5', medium='himedia_al111', cell=None, cells=0.0, gas='incubator')
+        h.invoke('co2.set', setpoint_fraction=0.10)
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        flask(h, 'inc10', medium='himedia_al111', cell=None, cells=0.0, gas='incubator')
+        self.assertLess(truth(h, 'inc10')['pH'], truth(h, 'inc5')['pH'] - 0.2)  # 'incubator' follows the chamber's actual CO2
+        hanks = 'himedia_al056'
+        self.assertLess(rt.media()[hanks]['bicarbonate_mol_m3'], 6.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        flask(h, 'empty', medium=hanks, cell=None, cells=0.0, vtype='flask_t25', vol=5e-6, closure='plug_seal_closed', gas='as_supplied')
+        flask(h, 'cult', medium=hanks, cell='hela', cells=0.5e6, vtype='flask_t25', vol=5e-6, closure='plug_seal_closed', gas='as_supplied')
+        for k in ('empty', 'cult'):
+            h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id=k, shelf=2)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        e1, c1 = truth(h, 'empty'), truth(h, 'cult')
+        h.step(47 * 3600.0)
+        e2, c2 = truth(h, 'empty'), truth(h, 'cult')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(e2['pH'], e1['pH'], delta=0.02)                   # sealed and without cells: no CO2 escapes, the pH stays
+        self.assertGreater(c2['headspace_co2_fraction'], c1['headspace_co2_fraction'])   # respiration accumulates in the headspace
+        self.assertLess(c2['pH'], c1['pH'] - 0.1)
+        self.assertTrue(6.8 < c2['pH'] < 8.3, c2['pH'])
+        check('sealed_flask', ph_empty=e2['pH'], ph_culture=[c1['pH'], c2['pH']], headspace=[c1['headspace_co2_fraction'], c2['headspace_co2_fraction']])
+
+    def test_f04_reference_culture_reproduces_the_library_doubling_time(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        open_both(h)
+        flask(h, 'dm', medium='himedia_al111', cells=1.0e6, gas='incubator')
+        flask(h, 'pl', medium='himedia_al111', vtype='plate_96', vol=96 * 1.5e-7, cells=96 * 5.0e3, gas='incubator')
+        h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='dm', shelf=2)
+        h.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='pl', shelf=3)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.step(24 * 3600.0)
+        n24 = {k: truth(h, k)['cells_live'] for k in ('dm', 'pl')}
+        h.step(48 * 3600.0)
+        lib = rt.cell_lines()['hela']['doubling_time_s']
+        for k in ('dm', 'pl'):
+            td = 48 * 3600.0 * math.log(2) / math.log(truth(h, k)['cells_live'] / n24[k])
+            self.assertLess(abs(td / lib - 1.0), 0.15, (k, td / 3600.0))
+        check('doubling_time_reference')
+
+    def test_minor_limits_doors_monitor_htd_chart_o2_contamination(self):
+        h = ready(settle=600.0, room_k=308.15)                                   # F-M01: set point only 2 K above the room
+        h.step(10 * 3600.0)                                                      # the uncontrolled heat drifts the chamber up; > set + 0.5 K for 4 h
+        self.assertGreater(h.ch['Ta'], 306.15 + 3.0)
+        self.assertIn('E_6731FW108', h.alarms)
+        k = ready(settle=600.0)                                                  # F-M02: inner door refused while the outer door closes
+        k.invoke('door.outer', open=True)
+        k.step(2.0)
+        k.invoke('door.latch', open=True)
+        k.step(1.0)
+        k.invoke('door.outer', open=False)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            k.invoke('door.inner', open=True)
+        m = ready(settle=2 * 3600.0)                                             # F-M03: the pressure monitor stops the control, no timeout
+        m.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=1, co2_supply_pa=0.0))
+        open_both(m)
+        m.step(20.0)
+        close_both(m)
+        m.step(2 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertFalse(m.read()['status.co2_control_failed'])
+        m.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=1))
+        m.step(1800.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(m.read('evaluator')['truth.co2_fraction'], 0.05, delta=0.003)
+        d = ready(settle=600.0, water=0.0)                                       # F-M04: an open access port blocks the HTD
+        open_both(d)
+        d.invoke('rh_sensor.cover', on=True)
+        close_both(d)
+        d.invoke('access_port.plug', port='upper', plugged=False)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+            d.invoke('htd.start')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'ACCESS_PORT_OPEN')
+        d.invoke('access_port.plug', port='upper', plugged=True)
+        d.invoke('htd.start')
+        d.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        d.invoke('door.outer', open=True)                                        # F-M05: aborted at 180 C -> chamber handling refused while hot
+        d.step(2.0)
+        d.invoke('door.latch', open=True)
+        d.step(1.0)
+        d.invoke('door.inner', open=True)
+        d.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(d.read()['htd.phase'], 'post_htd_cooling')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+            d.invoke('water_tray.fill', volume_m3=1e-3, temperature_k=298.15)
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'HTD_RUNNING')
+        self.assertNotIn('heater_fraction', d.chart[-1])                          # F-M07
+        d.register_principal('ag_c06', 'agent')                                  # C-06: the tray volume is a process value for the evaluator
+        s = d.session('ag_c06')
+        self.assertNotIn('water_tray.volume_m3', s.read(instance_id=INST)['observations'])
+        o = ready(settle=600.0)                                                  # F-M09: 5 % O2 recovers before the 15 min alarm pause ends
+        o.invoke('o2.control', enabled=True)
+        o.step(1800.0)
+        o.invoke('o2.set', setpoint_fraction=0.05)
+        o.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self._open30(o)
+        o.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertFalse([e for e in o.events if e['code'] == 'O2_HIGH'])
+        c = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0, water=2.0e-3)                               # F-M10: contaminated medium stalls in acid, no solver floor
+        open_both(c)
+        flask(c, 'cx', medium='himedia_al111', cells=1.0e6, gas='incubator')
+        c.invoke('vessel.place', vessel_id='cx', shelf=1)
+        close_both(c)
+        c.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vessel_contamination', active=True, vessel_id='cx')
+        c.step(5 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertGreater(truth(c, 'cx')['pH'], 4.5)
+        check('minor_findings_r1')
+
+    def test_c09_alarm_limits_and_performance_reference_units(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        h.invoke('alarm.configure', kind='temperature', enabled=True, low_k=2.0, high_k=2.0)
+        for args in (dict(kind='temperature', enabled=True, low=0.2), dict(kind='co2', enabled=True, low_k=0.5), dict(kind='temperature', enabled=True, low_k=6.0)):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke('alarm.configure', **args)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'INVALID_ALARM_LIMIT')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke('performance_check.record', kind='temperature', reference_fraction=0.05, instrument='p')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'MISSING_REFERENCE')
+        r = h.invoke('performance_check.record', kind='co2', reference_fraction=0.05, instrument='analyser')
+        self.assertIsNone(r['deviation_k'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(r['deviation_fraction']), 0.003)
+        check('unit_split_arguments')
+
+
+class ReviewRound2(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Findings of the combined independent review round 2 (independent_*_review_r2.json)."""
+
+    def test_f2_01_default_initial_gas_and_f2_06_l15(self):
+        h = ready(settle=600.0)
+        h.invoke('vessel.provide', vessel_id='d', vessel_type='flask_t75', medium_id='himedia_al111', medium_volume_m3=1.5e-5, seeded_cells=0.0, temperature_k=298.15)
+        qc = rt.media()['himedia_al111']['qc_pH']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(truth(h, 'd')['pH'], 0.5 * (qc[0] + qc[1]), delta=1e-6)    # documented default 'as_supplied'
+        h.invoke('vessel.provide', vessel_id='l15', vessel_type='flask_t75', medium_id='himedia_al011', medium_volume_m3=1.5e-5, seeded_cells=0.0, temperature_k=298.15)
+        qc = rt.media()['himedia_al011']['qc_pH']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(truth(h, 'l15')['pH'], 0.5 * (qc[0] + qc[1]), delta=1e-6)  # no bicarbonate: QC midpoint without CO2
+        check('default_as_supplied')
+
+    def test_f2_02_htd_finishes_with_a_set_point_near_the_room(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('temperature.set', setpoint_k=298.15)                           # 25 C at a 22 C room (accepted with a warning), set before the warm-up
+        open_both(h)
+        h.invoke('rh_sensor.cover', on=True)
+        close_both(h)
+        h.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        h.invoke('htd.start')
+        h.step(30 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['htd.last_result'], 'successful')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['htd.phase'], 'idle')
+        check('htd_low_set_point')
+
+    def test_f2_03_latch_race_and_f2_04_incubator_gas(self):
+        h = ready(settle=3 * 3600.0)
+        h.invoke('door.outer', open=True)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        h.invoke('door.latch', open=True)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('door.inner', open=True)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke('door.latch', open=False)
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'INNER_DOOR_OPEN')
+        k = ready(settle=600.0)                                                  # F3-01: reverse order (latch closing, then the inner door) is refused too
+        k.invoke('door.outer', open=True)
+        k.step(2.0)
+        k.invoke('door.latch', open=True)
+        k.step(1.0)
+        k.invoke('door.latch', open=False)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e2:
+            k.invoke('door.inner', open=True)
+        self.assertEqual(str(e2.exception), 'LATCH_CLOSED')
+        h.step(30.0)                                                             # chamber CO2 has dropped with both doors open
+        self.assertLess(h.read('evaluator')['truth.co2_fraction'], 0.01)
+        flask(h, 'inc', medium='himedia_al111', cell=None, cells=0.0, gas='incubator')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(truth(h, 'inc')['pH'], 7.64, delta=0.03)          # equilibrated at the 5 % set point, not at the open-door chamber
+        check('latch_race_incubator_gas')
+
+    def test_c2_01_water_level_sensor_interlock(self):
+        h = ready(settle=600.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['sensor.water_present'])
+        open_both(h)
+        h.invoke('rh_sensor.cover', on=True)
+        close_both(h)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke('htd.start')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'WATER_IN_TRAY')
+        open_both(h)
+        h.invoke('water_tray.empty', clean=True)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['sensor.water_present'])
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['sensor.water_present'])
+        check('water_sensor_interlock')
+
+
+class ZDeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        check('declared_effects_scenarios')
+
+    def test_every_device_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'}) for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_eppendorf_cryocubef570n.py b/tests/test_asset_eppendorf_cryocubef570n.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b62c7a7fe1d193fb45753c6c5b6aa63fe208c185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_eppendorf_cryocubef570n.py
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-197 eppendorf_cryocubef570n (Eppendorf CryoCube F570n ULT freezer): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_eppendorf_cryocubef570n.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; pull-down 3 h 53 min and 8.3 kWh/day (calibrated) with the probe in the middle compartment and the integer display;
+door handle, outer / inner doors, vacuum after closing and the auto vent; door-opening recovery and frost; alarm limits, on-site / remote delays,
+mute and test, BMS relay; mains outage on the battery back-up circuit; lock code and programming mode; loading warm items (latent heat,
+compartment limits, inventory from the host); gasket / vent icing, de-icing and seal cleaning; defrost and drying; filter dust, condenser fan
+failure (E-04), sensor errors; energy, water and air ledgers closing exactly."""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import eppendorf_cryocubef570n as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'eppendorf_cryocubef570n_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+SET = 193.15
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.EppendorfCryocubef570nRuntime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_eppendorf_cryocubef570n_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def cold(self, settle=6 * 3600.0):
+        """Switched on (battery circuit on) and pulled down to -80 C."""
+        self.call(self.A, 'battery.set', on=True)
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.step(rt.DOC['pull_down_s'] + settle)
+
+    def open_all(self, angle=1.6):
+        self.call(self.A, 'handle.set', locked=False)
+        self.call(self.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=angle)
+        for c in range(1, 6):
+            self.call(self.A, 'inner_door.move', compartment=c, angle_rad=angle)
+
+    def close_all(self):
+        for c in range(1, 6):
+            self.call(self.A, 'inner_door.move', compartment=c, angle_rad=0.0)
+        self.call(self.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=0.0)
+        self.call(self.A, 'handle.set', locked=True)
+
+    def until(self, pred, limit, every=10.0):
+        t = 0.0
+        while not pred() and t < limit:
+            self.step(every)
+            t += every
+        return t
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k] = codes
+    name = {'_cmd_' + c.replace('.', '_'): c for c in rt.CAPS}
+    return {name[k]: v for k, v in out.items() if k in name}
+
+
+def _balance(test, L):
+    U = L['e_initial_j'] + L['e_conduction_in_j'] + L['e_exchange_in_j'] - L['e_refrigeration_out_j'] + L['e_items_added_j'] - L['e_items_removed_j'] - L['e_meltwater_wiped_j']
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(L['u_cabinet_j'], U, delta=1e-9 * max(abs(L['e_initial_j']), abs(L['e_refrigeration_out_j']), 1.0) + 1e-3)
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(L['w_deposited_kg'], L['frost_kg'] + L['melt_water_kg'] + L['w_wiped_kg'] + L['w_deiced_kg'], delta=1e-12 + 1e-9 * L['w_deposited_kg'])
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(L['n_interior_mol'], L['n_initial_mol'] + L['n_door_mol'] + L['n_vent_mol'], delta=1e-9 * L['n_initial_mol'])
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_eppendorf_cryocubef570n_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for name, p in meta['mechanisms']['ult_freezer_thermal']['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_eppendorf_cryocubef570n_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            g.call(g.A, k, expect='UNSUPPORTED')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in g.read(who=g.A)))
+        for cap, a in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='mains_outage', active=True))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=a, request_id='x' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='compressor_failure', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] in ('fault', 'truth') for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        a = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='same')
+        b = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        c = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(c['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='i1'), Rig(instance='i2')
+        a.call(a.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        runs = []
+        for parts in ([3000.0], [0.3, 7.7, 400.0, 2592.0], [1.0] * 40 + [2960.0]):
+            g = Rig(seed=7)
+            g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+            for p in parts:
+                g.step(p)
+            v = g.read()
+            v.pop('clock.time_s')
+            runs.append(json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0], runs[1])
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0], runs[2])
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        r = rt.EppendorfCryocubef570nRuntime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=2))
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='POWER_OFF', set_point_k=193.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.mute', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', expect='HANDLE_LOCKED', angle_rad=1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'inner_door.move', expect='OUTER_DOOR_CLOSED', compartment=1, angle_rad=1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lock.set', locked=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'handle.set', expect='CYLINDER_LOCKED', locked=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lock.set', locked=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'vent.deice', expect='OUTER_DOOR_CLOSED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.place', expect='OUTER_DOOR_CLOSED', **rt.ITEM_EXAMPLE)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.remove', expect='UNKNOWN_ITEM', item_id='nothing')
+        g.call(g.A, 'log.read', last=5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', set_point_k=277.15)          # not a 4 C fridge
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='OUT_OF_LIMITS', high_alarm_k=SET + 2.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='LIMITS_CONFLICT', set_point_k=223.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'interior.dry', expect='POWER_ON')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='alien', active=True)
+        h = Rig(monitoring=False)
+        h.call(h.A, 'log.read', expect='NO_MONITORING', last=5)
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_pull_down_energy_and_display(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'pull_down')
+        t = g.until(lambda: g.read('truth.thermal')['probe_k'] <= SET, 6 * 3600.0, 30.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t, rt.DOC['pull_down_s'], delta=150.0)
+        g.step(12 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'running')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.temperature'), -80.0)
+        e0 = g.ledger()['electric_energy_j']
+        g.step(86400.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((g.ledger()['electric_energy_j'] - e0) / 3.6e6, rt.DOC['energy_kwh_day'], delta=0.1)
+        th = g.read('truth.thermal')
+        self.assertLess(th['condenser_k'], rt.ENG['condenser_e04_k'])
+        self.assertLessEqual(g.read('truth.power')['mains_current_a'], rt.DOC['current_a'])
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_door_vacuum_auto_vent_and_recovery(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.cold()
+        g.open_all()
+        g.step(60.0)
+        peak = g.read('truth.thermal')['probe_k']
+        self.assertGreater(peak, SET + 20.0)
+        g.close_all()
+        g.step(20.0)
+        dp = g.read('truth.thermal')['pressure_deficit_pa']
+        self.assertGreater(dp, rt.ENG['door_open_dp_pa'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'handle.set', locked=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', expect='NEGATIVE_PRESSURE', angle_rad=1.0)              # the vacuum holds the door
+        g.call(g.A, 'vent.press')
+        t = g.until(lambda: g.read('truth.thermal')['pressure_deficit_pa'] <= rt.ENG['door_open_dp_pa'], 600.0, 5.0)
+        self.assertLessEqual(t, 120.0)                                                    # auto vent: 1-2 min (manual)
+        g.call(g.A, 'handle.set', locked=True)
+        t = g.until(lambda: g.read('truth.thermal')['probe_k'] <= SET + 0.5, 3 * 3600.0, 10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t + 160.0, rt.DOC['recovery_s'], delta=240.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.thermal')['frost_kg']['liner'], 0.005)          # humid room air froze out
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_inner_door_rules_and_partial_opening(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.cold()
+        g.call(g.A, 'handle.set', locked=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=0.8)
+        g.call(g.A, 'inner_door.move', expect='OUTER_DOOR_CLOSED', compartment=3, angle_rad=1.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=1.6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'inner_door.move', compartment=3, angle_rad=1.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', expect='INNER_DOOR_OPEN', angle_rad=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'handle.set', expect='DOOR_OPEN', locked=True)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        air = g.read('truth.thermal')['air_k']
+        self.assertGreater(air[2], air[0] + 10.0)                                         # only compartment 3 inner door open
+        g.call(g.A, 'inner_door.move', compartment=3, angle_rad=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=0.0)
+
+    def test_alarm_delays_mute_relay_and_resound(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.cold()
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', onsite_delay_s=0.0, remote_delay_s=600.0)
+        g.open_all()
+        t = g.until(lambda: 'TEMP_HIGH' in g.read('alarms.active'), 1800.0, 5.0)
+        self.assertLess(t, 300.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.temp_alarm') and g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('alarm.remote_relay'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.mute')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        g.step(700.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('alarm.remote_relay'))                                     # remote delay elapsed
+        g.close_all()
+        g.until(lambda: 'TEMP_HIGH' not in g.read('alarms.active'), 4 * 3600.0, 30.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'alarm.mute')                                                     # no alarm: tone test
+        self.assertTrue(r['test'] and g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_outage_battery_and_display_flashing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.cold(settle=3600.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'outage')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.power_fail') and g.read('alarm.remote_relay') and g.read('display.flashing'))
+        g.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        T6 = g.read('truth.thermal')['probe_k']
+        self.assertGreater(T6, SET + 5.0)                                                 # warms without the compressor
+        self.assertLess(T6, SET + 50.0)                                                   # 130 mm walls: hours, not minutes
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('POWER_FAIL', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'battery.set', on=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('display.temperature'))                                  # battery circuit off: dark panel, no alarm
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarms.active'), [])
+        h = Rig()
+        h.cold(settle=600.0)
+        h.call(h.E, 'fault.inject', fault='battery_aged', active=True)
+        h.call(h.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        h.step(8 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('truth.power')['battery_charge'], 0.0)                     # aged battery: 10 % of 72 h
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read('display.temperature'))
+
+    def test_lock_code_programming_mode(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'code.change', code='4711')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('panel.code_active'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'panel.lock')
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='PANEL_LOCKED', set_point_k=203.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'panel.unlock', expect='WRONG_CODE', code='1234')
+        g.call(g.A, 'panel.unlock', code='4711')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.lock'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', set_point_k=203.15, high_alarm_k=213.15, low_alarm_k=193.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'code.change', code='0000')
+        g.call(g.A, 'panel.lock')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('panel.code_active'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', onsite_delay_s=600.0)
+
+    def test_loading_warm_samples_latent_heat_and_inventory(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.cold()
+        g.open_all()
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.place', **rt.ITEM_EXAMPLE)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.place', item_id='warm_box', compartment=3, kind='box', label='LIMS:B-17', water_kg=0.5, polymer_kg=0.2, cardboard_kg=0.15, initial_k=293.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.place', expect='DUPLICATE_ITEM', **rt.ITEM_EXAMPLE)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.place', expect='SHELF_OVERLOAD', item_id='heavy', compartment=3, kind='other', steel_kg=64.0, initial_k=193.15)
+        for i in range(4):
+            g.call(g.A, 'load.place', item_id=f'r{i}', compartment=5, kind='rack', steel_kg=2.0, initial_k=193.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.place', item_id='r4', compartment=5, kind='rack', steel_kg=2.0, initial_k=193.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.place', expect='COMPARTMENT_FULL', item_id='r5', compartment=5, kind='rack', steel_kg=2.0, initial_k=193.15)
+        inv = g.call(g.A, 'inventory.read')['items']
+        self.assertEqual({x['item_id'] for x in inv} >= {'rack_A1', 'warm_box'}, True)
+        self.assertEqual(next(x for x in inv if x['item_id'] == 'warm_box')['label'], 'LIMS:B-17')
+        g.close_all()
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        it = g.read('truth.items')['warm_box']
+        self.assertGreater(it['temperature_k'], 260.0)                                    # still freezing (latent heat) after 30 min
+        g.step(24 * 3600.0)
+        it = g.read('truth.items')['warm_box']
+        self.assertLess(it['temperature_k'], SET + 3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(it['liquid_fraction'], 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('truth.items')['rack_A1']['equivalent_storage_s_at_m80'], 2.0 * (g.h.t - 0.0))
+        g.open_all()
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.remove', item_id='warm_box')
+        g.close_all()
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('inventory.count'), 6)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_gasket_vent_icing_deice_and_seals(self):
+        g = Rig(relative_humidity=0.8)
+        g.cold(settle=600.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='door_gasket_damage', active=True)
+        g.step(20 * 86400.0)
+        fr = g.read('truth.thermal')['frost_kg']
+        self.assertGreater(fr['vent'], rt.ENG['vent_iced_kg'])
+        self.assertGreater(fr['gasket'], 0.05)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='door_gasket_damage', active=False)    # an intact (but iced) gasket: the iced vent sets the pace
+        g.open_all(1.6)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        g.close_all()
+        g.call(g.A, 'vent.press')
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.thermal')['pressure_deficit_pa'], rt.ENG['door_open_dp_pa'])    # iced vent: 1-2 h
+        t = g.until(lambda: g.read('truth.thermal')['pressure_deficit_pa'] <= rt.ENG['door_open_dp_pa'], 4 * 3600.0, 60.0)
+        self.assertGreater(t, 1800.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'handle.set', locked=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=1.6)
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'vent.deice')
+        self.assertGreater(r['removed_kg'], 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.call(g.A, 'seals.clean')['removed_kg'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=0.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_defrost_and_dry(self):
+        g = Rig(relative_humidity=0.7)
+        g.cold(settle=600.0)
+        for _ in range(3):
+            g.open_all()
+            g.step(60.0)
+            g.close_all()
+            g.step(1800.0)
+        frost = sum(g.read('truth.thermal')['frost_kg'].values())
+        self.assertGreater(frost, 0.02)
+        g.call(g.A, 'battery.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('power.on') or g.read('battery.on'))
+        g.step(600.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'handle.set', locked=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'door.move', angle_rad=1.6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'interior.dry', expect='FROST_REMAINING')
+        for c in range(1, 6):
+            g.call(g.A, 'inner_door.move', compartment=c, angle_rad=1.6)
+        g.step(2 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertEqual(sum(g.read('truth.thermal')['frost_kg'].values()), 0.0)
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'interior.dry')
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(r['wiped_kg'], frost)                                     # humid room air keeps freezing out on the still cold walls
+        L = g.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['w_deposited_kg'], L['w_wiped_kg'] + L['w_deiced_kg'], delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['thermal']['melt_water_kg'], 0.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_filter_dust_e04_and_sensor_errors(self):
+        g = Rig(ambient_k=303.15)
+        g.cold(settle=600.0)
+        for _ in range(4):
+            g.step(23 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.filter_clean'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'filter.clean')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('indicator.filter_clean'))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='condenser_fan_failure', active=True)
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertIn('E-04', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.fault'))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='condenser_fan_failure', active=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='interior_sensor_failure', active=True)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('display.temperature'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.code'), 'E-01')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_esco_ac24s8.py b/tests/test_asset_esco_ac24s8.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e364687855aec46877dbd262491563b26792434c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_esco_ac24s8.py
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-193 esco_ac24s8 (Esco Airstream Plus AC2-4S8-TU Class II biological safety cabinet): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_esco_ac24s8.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; nominal airflow (displayed inflow 0.48 / downflow 0.35 m/s at the tested opening, 876 / 369 m3/h, 200 W);
+documented Sentinel Gold behaviour (warm-up, post-purge, sash states and stops, light at the safe height, UV interlock and timer, standby,
+quickstart, mute, socket fuse); air barrier (operator protection >= 1e5 at the nominal point, lost with the sash fully open, cross draught,
+grille blockage, blower failure -> airflow alarm); filter loading and ECM compensation (duty rises, flows held until saturation); work-zone
+cleanliness (ISO class) and product protection; biological aerosol (escape, capture, emission, deposition, UV inactivation) and chemical
+vapour (evaporation from an open dish, recirculation, exhaust to the room) ledgers closing exactly; electrical energy."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import esco_ac24s8 as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'esco_ac24s8_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+DISH = dict(item_id='dish', kind='open_vessel', x_m=0.30, y_m=0.0, footprint_m2=0.0064, liquid='ethanol', liquid_mass_kg=0.02, surface_area_m2=0.0064)
+SPRAY = dict(item_id='pipetting', kind='aerosol_source', x_m=0.30, y_m=0.2, footprint_m2=0.01, aerosol_rate_per_s=1.0e5, viable_fraction=0.1)
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.EscoAc24s8Runtime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        """Instrumented call: outputs validated against the declared schema; a success changes only declared immediate slots and never the clock;
+        a rejection leaves every slot unchanged and returns a declared error code."""
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_esco_ac24s8_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def on(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+
+    def sash(self, d, **kw):
+        self.call(self.A, 'sash.move', direction=d, **kw)
+        self.step(15.0)
+
+    def working(self):
+        self.on()
+        self.sash('up')
+        self.call(self.A, 'fan.toggle')
+        self.step(200.0)
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    for k, v in funcs.items():                                   # data-driven interlocks: the codes the key's INTERLOCK entry allows
+        for what in re.findall(r"self\._interlock\('(\w+)'\)", v):
+            own[k] |= set(rt.INTERLOCK[what])
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k[5:].replace('_', '.', 1)] = codes
+    return out
+
+
+def _balance(test, L, tol=1e-6):
+    """Particle, aerosol, viable and vapour ledgers close (relative tolerance of the explicit sub-step sums)."""
+    room = L['initial_room_particles'] + L['room_in']
+    out = L['room_captured_down'] + L['room_captured_exh'] + L['room_emitted'] + L['room_deposited'] + L['room_returned'] + L['room_in_air']
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(room, out, delta=tol * room)
+    gen = L['proc_generated']
+    out = L['proc_escaped'] + L['proc_captured_down'] + L['proc_captured_exh'] + L['proc_emitted'] + L['proc_deposited'] + L['proc_in_air']
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(gen, out, delta=tol * max(gen, 1.0))
+    via = L['viable_generated']
+    out = L['viable_escaped'] + L['viable_captured'] + L['viable_emitted'] + L['viable_in_air'] + L['viable_on_tray'] + L['viable_uv_inactivated']
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(via, out, delta=tol * max(via, 1.0))
+    for sp, v in L['vapour'].items():
+        test.assertAlmostEqual(v['evaporated_kg'], v['escaped_front_kg'] + v['exhausted_to_room_kg'] + v.get('in_air_kg', 0.0), delta=1e-12 + tol * v['evaporated_kg'])
+        placed = L['liquid_placed_kg'].get(sp, 0.0)
+        test.assertAlmostEqual(placed, L['liquid_in_vessels_kg'].get(sp, 0.0) + L.get('liquid_removed_kg', {}).get(sp, 0.0) + v['evaporated_kg'], delta=1e-12)
+    for k, v in L.items():
+        if isinstance(v, float):
+            test.assertGreaterEqual(v, -1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(v)), k)
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_and_mirrors_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_esco_ac24s8_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                self.assertTrue(set(pre['state_ids']) <= slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+            self.assertIn(c['kind'], ('query', 'device_command', 'robot_skill', 'simulation', 'analysis', 'configuration'))
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for name, p in meta['mechanisms']['class_ii_bsc_airflow']['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_esco_ac24s8_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        d = g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            g.A.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['truth.workzone'])
+        for cap, args in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='filter_clogged', active=True)),
+                          ('plant.configure', dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x-' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', cap)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='downflow_filter_leak', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] in ('fault', 'truth') for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+        # agent alarms identical when only the truth differs (a filter leak is not visible on the panel)
+        a, b = Rig(), Rig()
+        b.call(b.E, 'fault.inject', fault='downflow_filter_leak', active=True)
+        for x in (a, b):
+            x.working()
+        self.assertEqual(a.read('alarms.active', 'airflow.status'), b.read('alarms.active', 'airflow.status'))
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        args = dict(warm_up_s=300.0)
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='settings.configure', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        snap = g.h.read('evaluator')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='settings.configure', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(snap, sort_keys=True, default=str), json.dumps(g.h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='settings.configure', arguments=dict(warm_up_s=400.0), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='t_a'), Rig(instance='t_b', ambient_k=298.15)
+        a.call(a.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+        r = a.A.invoke(instance_id='t_b', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='z')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        def run(steps):
+            g = Rig(seed=5)
+            g.on()
+            g.call(g.A, 'sash.move', direction='up')
+            g.step(15.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'item.place', **DISH)
+            g.call(g.A, 'item.place', **SPRAY)
+            g.call(g.A, 'fan.toggle')
+            for s in steps:
+                g.step(s)
+            r = g.read()
+            return json.dumps({k: r[k] for k in r if not k.startswith('clock')}, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(g.ledger(), sort_keys=True)
+        a = run([400.0])
+        b = run([0.05] * 200 + [0.37, 13.11, 376.52])
+        c = run([20.0] * 20)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a, c)
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r = rt.EscoAc24s8Runtime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=2))
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.toggle', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'datalog.read', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', expect='SASH_CLOSED', **DISH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'operator.set', expect='SASH_CLOSED', arms_in=True)
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.toggle', expect='SASH_CLOSED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'lamp.toggle', expect='SASH_CLOSED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.move', expect='SASH_AT_LIMIT', direction='down')
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.mute', expect='NO_ALARM')
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.set', expect='FAN_NOT_RUNNING', state='standby') if False else None
+        g.sash('up')
+        g.call(g.A, 'uv.toggle', expect='SASH_NOT_CLOSED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.set', expect='FAN_NOT_RUNNING', state='standby')
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', expect='MISSING_SETTING', item_id='v', kind='open_vessel', x_m=0.3, y_m=0.0, footprint_m2=0.01)
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', expect='UNKNOWN_LIQUID', **dict(DISH, liquid='unobtainium'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', expect='NO_SPACE', item_id='big', kind='closed_container', x_m=0.3, y_m=0.0, footprint_m2=0.3) if False else None
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', **DISH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', expect='ITEM_EXISTS', **DISH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.remove', expect='UNKNOWN_ITEM', item_id='nope')
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'socket.toggle', expect='WARMING_UP')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.move', expect='WARMING_UP', direction='up')
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='WARMING_UP', warm_up_s=300.0)
+        g.step(200.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'uv.toggle', expect='SASH_NOT_CLOSED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.set', state='standby')
+        g.call(g.A, 'lamp.toggle', expect='STANDBY')
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.set', state='on')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='alien', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', warm_up_s=60.0)
+        h = Rig()
+        h.on()
+        h.sash('up')
+        for _ in range(4):
+            h.call(h.A, 'item.place', item_id=f'b{_}', kind='closed_container', x_m=0.3, y_m=0.0, footprint_m2=0.13)
+        h.call(h.A, 'item.place', expect='NO_SPACE', item_id='b9', kind='closed_container', x_m=0.3, y_m=0.0, footprint_m2=0.1)
+
+
+class Airflow(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_nominal_airflow_display_and_power(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        r = g.read()
+        self.assertEqual(r['fan.state'], 'on')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['display.inflow_m_s'], 0.48, delta=0.011)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['display.downflow_m_s'], 0.35, delta=0.011)
+        self.assertEqual(r['airflow.status'], 'ok')
+        ta = r['truth.airflow']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ta['downflow_m3_s'] * 3600, 876.0, delta=2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ta['exhaust_m3_s'] * 3600, 369.0, delta=1.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ta['electrical_power_w'], 200.0, delta=4.0)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(r['truth.containment']['apf_log10'], 5.0)          # EN 12469 KI-Discus criterion at the nominal point
+        self.assertLessEqual(r['truth.workzone']['iso_class_workzone'], 5.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='nominal_airflow', status='passed', layer='process', inflow=r['display.inflow_m_s'], downflow=r['display.downflow_m_s'],
+                           power_w=ta['electrical_power_w'], apf_log10=r['truth.containment']['apf_log10'], iso=r['truth.workzone']['iso_class_workzone']))
+
+    def test_warm_up_post_purge_and_display(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', warm_up_s=300.0, post_purge_s=180.0)
+        g.sash('up')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('lamp.on'))                                          # light on as a signal at the working height
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.toggle')
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('fan.state'), 'warm_up')
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('display.inflow_m_s'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('fan.remaining_s'), 240.0, delta=0.6)
+        g.step(250.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('fan.state'), 'on')
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.toggle')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('fan.state'), 'post_purge')
+        g.call(g.A, 'lamp.toggle', expect='POST_PURGE')
+        g.sash('down')                                                                # the sash may be lowered during post-purge
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('sash.status'), 'closed')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('lamp.on'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'uv.toggle', expect='POST_PURGE')
+        g.step(200.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('fan.state'), 'off')
+        self.assertLess(g.read('truth.airflow')['downflow_m3_s'], 1e-3)
+
+    def test_sash_states_alarm_mute_and_hold(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        g.sash('up')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('sash.status'), 'full_open')
+        self.assertIn('SASH_ALARM', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('lamp.on'))
+        tc = g.read('truth.containment')
+        self.assertLess(tc['apf_log10'], 2.0)                                       # 470 mm opening: true inflow ~0.18 m/s
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('display.inflow_m_s'), 0.48, delta=0.011)    # the exhaust sensor still reads the nominal-height value
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.mute')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        g.step(25.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('alarm.audible'))                                    # re-sounds after the 30 s mute
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.move', direction='down', hold_s=2.0)                      # released mid-way
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('sash.status'), 'intermediate')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('lamp.on'))
+        g.sash('down')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('sash.status'), 'safe')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarms.active'), [])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(g.read('meters')['sash_cycles'], 3)
+
+    def test_uv_interlock_timer_and_inactivation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', **SPRAY)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.remove', item_id='pipetting')
+        before = g.read('truth.workzone')['viable_on_tray_per_m2']
+        self.assertGreater(before, 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.toggle')
+        g.sash('down')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', uv_timer_s=1200.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'uv.toggle')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.uv'))
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('truth.workzone')['viable_on_tray_per_m2'], before * 1e-6)   # 600 J/m2 >> D90 50 J/m2
+        g.sash('up')                                                                 # lifting the sash switches the UV lamp off
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('uv.on'))
+        g.sash('down')
+        g.call(g.A, 'uv.toggle')
+        g.step(1300.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('uv.on'))                                           # timer
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_standby_quickstart_socket_fuse(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        p_on = g.read('truth.airflow')['electrical_power_w']                       # nominal 200 W with the LED on
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.set', state='standby')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('lamp.on'))                                         # standby switches the lights off
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='STANDBY', warm_up_s=300.0)       # only the FAN key in standby
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('airflow.status'), 'standby')
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('display.inflow_m_s'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(1.0 - g.read('truth.airflow')['electrical_power_w'] / p_on, 0.60, delta=0.03)
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.set', state='on')
+        g.call(g.A, 'socket.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', item_id='centrifuge', kind='equipment', x_m=0.4, y_m=-0.3, footprint_m2=0.06, power_w=1500.0)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('socket.on'))
+        self.assertNotIn('SOCKET_FUSE_BLOWN', g.read('alarms.active'))           # not a panel alarm (manual list); event only
+        self.assertIn('SOCKET_FUSE_BLOWN', [e['code'] for e in g.call(g.E, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']])
+        g.call(g.A, 'socket.toggle', expect='FUSE_BLOWN')
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.remove', item_id='centrifuge')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)                                          # fuse replaced while off
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'socket.toggle')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('socket.on'))
+        q = Rig()
+        q.on()
+        q.call(q.A, 'settings.configure', mode='quickstart')
+        q.sash('up')
+        self.assertIn(q.read('fan.state'), ('warm_up', 'on'))                     # quickstart: lifting the sash starts the blower
+        q.step(200.0)
+        q.sash('down')
+        self.assertEqual(q.read('fan.state'), 'off')
+
+    def test_filter_loading_compensation_and_airflow_alarm(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        u0 = g.read('truth.airflow')['duty_down']
+        m = Rig(downflow_filter_dust_kg=0.9 * 1.3 * rt.ENG['dust_doubling_down_kg'], exhaust_filter_dust_kg=0.9 * 1.3 * rt.ENG['dust_doubling_exh_kg'])
+        m.working()
+        ta = m.read('truth.airflow')
+        self.assertGreater(ta['duty_down'], u0 + 0.05)                              # the ECM compensates the loading ...
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ta['downflow_m3_s'] * 3600, 876.0, delta=3.0)        # ... and holds the flow
+        c = Rig()
+        c.working()
+        c.call(c.E, 'fault.inject', fault='filter_clogged', active=True)
+        c.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(c.read('airflow.status'), 'fail')
+        self.assertIn('AIRFLOW_FAIL', c.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertLess(c.read('truth.containment')['apf_log10'], c.read('truth.containment')['apf_log10'] + 1)
+        b = Rig()
+        b.working()
+        b.call(b.E, 'fault.inject', fault='exhaust_blower_failure', active=True)
+        b.step(60.0)
+        self.assertIn('AIRFLOW_FAIL', b.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertLess(b.read('truth.containment')['apf_log10'], 1.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='filter_loading', status='passed', layer='process', clean_duty=u0, loaded_duty=ta['duty_down']))
+
+    def test_barrier_disturbances(self):
+        base, draft, block = Rig(), Rig(cross_draft_m_s=0.3), Rig()
+        for g in (base, draft, block):
+            g.working()
+        block.call(block.A, 'item.place', item_id='rack', kind='closed_container', x_m=0.05, y_m=0.0, footprint_m2=0.25)
+        block.call(block.A, 'operator.set', arms_in=True, arm_speed_m_s=0.5)
+        a0 = base.read('truth.containment')['apf_log10']
+        self.assertLess(draft.read('truth.containment')['apf_log10'], a0 - 0.5)
+        self.assertLess(block.read('truth.containment')['apf_log10'], a0 - 0.5)
+        r = block.call(block.A, 'item.place', item_id='front', kind='closed_container', x_m=0.05, y_m=0.4, footprint_m2=0.01)
+        self.assertTrue(any('150 mm' in n for n in r['notes']))
+
+
+class Hazards(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_biological_aerosol_contained_and_ledger(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', **SPRAY)
+        g.step(900.0)
+        L = g.ledger()
+        esc = L['proc_escaped'] / L['proc_generated']
+        self.assertLess(esc, 1e-5)
+        self.assertGreater(L['proc_captured_down'] + L['proc_captured_exh'], 0.9 * L['proc_generated'])
+        self.assertLess(L['proc_emitted'] / L['proc_generated'], 1e-4)              # exhaust filter penetration
+        _balance(self, L)
+        o = Rig()
+        o.working()
+        o.sash('up')
+        o.call(o.A, 'item.place', **SPRAY)
+        o.step(900.0)
+        L2 = o.ledger()
+        self.assertGreater(L2['proc_escaped'] / L2['proc_generated'], 100 * esc)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='aerosol_containment', status='passed', layer='process', escape_fraction_safe=esc, escape_fraction_full_open=L2['proc_escaped'] / L2['proc_generated']))
+
+    def test_chemical_vapour_recirculates_and_reaches_the_room(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'item.place', **DISH)
+        self.assertTrue(any('不是化学通风柜' in n for n in r['notes']))
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        it = g.read('truth.items')['dish']
+        self.assertGreater(it['evaporated_kg'], 1e-3)                               # ~8 g/h from a 90 mm dish at 0.35 m/s
+        wz = g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['workzone']
+        self.assertIn('VOLATILE_CHEMICAL_RECIRCULATED', wz['conditions'])
+        v = wz['vapours']['ethanol']
+        self.assertGreater(v['workzone_ppm'], 1.0)
+        L = g.ledger()
+        lv = L['vapour']['ethanol']
+        self.assertGreater(lv['exhausted_to_room_kg'], 0.9 * lv['evaporated_kg'] - lv.get('in_air_kg', 0.0) - lv['escaped_front_kg'] - 1e-9)
+        # steady state: the exhaust carries away what evaporates, the plenum concentration is G / Q_exhaust (H14 does not retain vapour)
+        G = it['evaporation_rate_kg_s']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['plenum_kg_m3'], G / g.read('truth.airflow')['exhaust_m3_s'], delta=0.05 * v['plenum_kg_m3'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.remove', item_id='dish')
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        w = Rig()
+        w.working()
+        w.call(w.A, 'item.place', **dict(DISH, liquid='water'))
+        w.step(1800.0)
+        self.assertLess(w.read('truth.items')['dish']['evaporated_kg'], it['evaporated_kg'])    # water is less volatile than ethanol
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='solvent_vapour', status='passed', layer='process', ethanol_g_h=G * 3.6e6, workzone_ppm=v['workzone_ppm']))
+
+    def test_product_protection_and_iso_class(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        iso_ok = g.read('truth.workzone')['iso_class_workzone']
+        b = Rig()
+        b.working()
+        b.call(b.E, 'fault.inject', fault='downflow_blower_failure', active=True)
+        b.step(120.0)
+        self.assertLess(b.read('truth.containment')['ppf_log10'], 2.0)
+        self.assertGreater(b.read('truth.workzone')['iso_class_workzone'], iso_ok + 2.0)
+        leak = Rig()
+        leak.working()
+        leak.call(leak.E, 'fault.inject', fault='downflow_filter_leak', active=True)
+        leak.step(120.0)
+        self.assertGreater(leak.read('truth.workzone')['iso_class_workzone'], iso_ok + 1.5)
+
+    def test_monitor_disabled_outside_ambient_range_and_sensor_faults(self):
+        g = Rig(ambient_k=305.15)
+        g.working()
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('airflow.status'), 'disabled')
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('display.inflow_m_s'))
+        s = Rig()
+        s.working()
+        s.call(s.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sash_sensor_error', active=True)
+        s.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIn('SASH_ERROR', s.read('alarms.active'))
+        s.call(s.A, 'sash.move', expect='SASH_SENSOR_ERROR', direction='up')
+        u = Rig()
+        u.working()
+        u.call(u.E, 'fault.inject', fault='airflow_sensor_uncalibrated', active=True)
+        u.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIn('SENSOR_UNCALIBRATED', u.read('alarms.active'))
+
+    def test_meters_power_off_and_datalog(self):
+        g = Rig(filter_hours_h=9999.9, uv_hours_h=10.0, sash_cycles=14999)
+        g.working()
+        g.step(600.0)
+        al = g.read('alarms.active')
+        self.assertIn('FILTER_LIFE', al)
+        self.assertIn('REPLACE_SASH_MOTOR', al)
+        d = g.call(g.A, 'datalog.read', last=5)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(d['records']), 5)
+        e0 = g.ledger()['electrical_energy_j']
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('fan.state'), 'off')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('indicator.fan'))
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'] - e0, 1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('power.on'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'socket.toggle')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.light'))
+
+
+class ReviewR1(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Round-1 runtime review regressions (R1-02 closed sash, R1-03 clog clear, R1-04 downflow failure, R1-05 fans off, R1-07 hold, R1-10 ISO range)."""
+    def test_closed_sash_with_fan_on_no_runaway(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('lamp.on'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'lamp.toggle')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('lamp.on'))
+        g.sash('down')
+        g.step(120.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('airflow.status'), 'sash_closed')
+        self.assertNotIn('AIRFLOW_FAIL', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertLess(g.read('truth.airflow')['exhaust_m3_s'], 0.75 * rt.Q_EXH_NOM)
+
+    def test_clog_clear_restores_loading(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        d0 = g.read('truth.airflow')['dust_down_kg']
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='filter_clogged', active=True)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.airflow')['dust_down_kg'], d0 + rt.ENG['dust_doubling_down_kg'])
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='filter_clogged', active=False)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('truth.airflow')['dust_down_kg'], d0 + 1e-6)
+        g.step(120.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('airflow.status'), 'ok')
+
+    def test_downflow_failure_bounded(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='downflow_blower_failure', active=True)
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        wz = g.read('truth.workzone')
+        self.assertLessEqual(wz['room_particles_workzone_m3'], rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['room_particles_m3'] * 1.0001)
+        self.assertLessEqual(wz['iso_class_workzone'], 9.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_fans_off_closed_sash_retains_vapour(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.sash('up')
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', **dict(DISH, liquid='acetone', liquid_mass_kg=0.0253))
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', **SPRAY)
+        g.sash('down')
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        L = g.ledger()
+        v = L['vapour']['acetone']
+        self.assertLess(v['escaped_front_kg'] + v['exhausted_to_room_kg'], 0.2 * v['evaporated_kg'])
+        self.assertLess(L['proc_escaped'], 0.2 * L['proc_generated'])
+        _balance(self, L)
+
+    def test_hold_moves_speed_times_hold(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.step(0.3)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.move', direction='up', hold_s=1.0)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('sash.opening_m'), rt.ENG['sash_speed_m_s'] * 1.0, delta=1e-9)
+
+
+class ReviewR2(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Round-2 review regressions: exhaust failure with the downflow running lets releases out (R2-03), coast-down is continuous (R2-02),
+    post-purge with a closed sash (R2-01), mute refused in standby (R2-04)."""
+    def test_exhaust_failure_releases_escape(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', **SPRAY)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='exhaust_blower_failure', active=True)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        L = g.ledger()
+        self.assertGreater(L['proc_escaped'], 0.1 * L['proc_generated'])
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.containment')['aerosol_escape_rate_per_s'], 0.1 * SPRAY['aerosol_rate_per_s'])
+        _balance(self, L)
+
+    def test_coast_down_escape_continuous(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        g.call(g.A, 'item.place', **SPRAY)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', post_purge_s=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.toggle')
+        rates = []
+        for _ in range(80):
+            g.step(0.5)
+            rates.append(g.read('truth.containment')['aerosol_escape_rate_per_s'])
+        jumps = [abs(b - a) for a, b in zip(rates[16:], rates[17:])]                # after the barrier collapse (exhaust well below the exchange flow)
+        self.assertLess(max(jumps), 0.1 * SPRAY['aerosol_rate_per_s'])           # hand-over from direct escape to exchange without a step
+        self.assertGreater(max(rates), 0.5 * SPRAY['aerosol_rate_per_s'])
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_post_purge_closed_sash_and_mute_in_standby(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.working()
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', post_purge_s=300.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.toggle')
+        g.sash('down')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('fan.state'), 'post_purge')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('airflow.status'), 'sash_closed')
+        h = Rig()
+        h.working()
+        h.call(h.A, 'fan.set', state='standby')
+        h.call(h.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sash_sensor_error', active=True)
+        h.call(h.A, 'alarm.mute', expect='STANDBY')
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_esco_efa5uduvw.py b/tests/test_asset_esco_efa5uduvw.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e57fca197cdbb06661e077e50abcba9b2548d1cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_esco_efa5uduvw.py
@@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-199 esco_efa5uduvw (Esco Frontier Acela EFA-5UDUVW-9 fume hood with the Sentinel XL monitor): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_esco_efa5uduvw.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition and idle-skip exactness; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every
+success changes only declared slots; the six documented operating points (flow per face velocity and static pressure); building exhaust with a
+damper, dedicated blower on the fan switch, constant volume, blower failure and duct blockage; sash stop, Creep Down, hold and key lock;
+Sentinel XL: uncalibrated gain and field calibration, low / high alarm with delay, mute, night setback, self test, menu, PIN, units; vapour
+sources: evaporation ordering, drying, NIOSH REL, containment against velocity and cross draft (ASHRAE tracer at the design point); gas and
+water fixtures; lighting; mains outage; liquid and vapour ledgers close."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import esco_efa5uduvw as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'esco_efa5uduvw_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+CMH = 1.0 / 3600.0
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.EscoEfa5uduvwRuntime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            allowed = set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, [])) | (set(rt.ON_STEP['sim.step']) if cap == 'sim.step' else set())
+            extra = changed - allowed
+            assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_esco_efa5uduvw_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def truth(self):
+        return self.read('truth.process')
+
+    def cv(self, v=0.31, h=0.457):
+        """Constant-volume exhaust giving face velocity v at sash h."""
+        self.call(self.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='constant_volume', flow_m3_s=v * rt.a_eff(h))
+        self.call(self.A, 'sash.set', height_m=h, hold=h > rt.H_STOP)
+
+    def settle(self):
+        self.step(30.0)
+
+    def calibrate(self):
+        v = self.call(self.A, 'anemometer.measure')['face_velocity_m_s']                          # the agent's own reference (no truth)
+        r = self.call(self.A, 'monitor.calibrate', reference_m_s=round(v, 3))
+        assert set(r) == {'calibrated', 'reading_m_s'}, r
+        self.step(10.0)
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+    def events(self, who=None):
+        return [e['code'] for e in self.call(who or self.E, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+
+
+def _balance(test, L):
+    test.assertLess(L['worst_liquid_balance_kg'], 1e-12, L)
+    test.assertLess(L['worst_vapour_balance_kg'], 1e-12, L)
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k] = codes
+    name = {'_cmd_' + c.replace('.', '_'): c for c in rt.CAPS}
+    return {name[k]: v for k, v in out.items() if k in name}
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_consistent(self):
+        m = rt.export_esco_efa5uduvw_contract_metadata()
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], m['state_slots'], (k, e))
+            for p in c['preconditions']:
+                for s in p['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(s, m['state_slots'], (k, s))
+        for s in rt.SCENE_MIRRORED:
+            self.assertIn(s, rt.SLOTS)
+            self.assertEqual(rt.SLOTS[s]['visibility'], 'agent')
+        units = {p['unit'] for p in m['mechanisms']['fume_hood_process']['parameters'].values()}
+        self.assertFalse(units & {'deg', 'degC', 'mm', 'cmh'}, units)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='metadata_consistent'))
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        m = rt.export_esco_efa5uduvw_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in m['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertFalse(codes - declared, (cap, codes - declared))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        obs = g.A.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        for cap, args in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='blower_failure', active=True)), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)),
+                          ('plant.configure', dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)), ('tracer.release', dict(rate_l_min=4.0)), ('disturbance.configure', dict(cross_draft_m_s=0.2))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        g.cv(0.1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'source.place', source_id='tol', liquid_id='toluene' if 'toluene' in rt.LIQ else 'benzene', mass_kg=1.0, area_m2=0.1)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertIn('BZ_OVER_REL', g.events())                                                     # truth-only event
+        self.assertNotIn('BZ_OVER_REL', g.events(g.A))
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='light.toggle', arguments={}, request_id='same')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='light.toggle', arguments={}, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('light.on'))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='light.set', arguments=dict(on=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='a'), Rig(instance='b')
+        a.cv()
+        a.step(10.0)
+        self.assertGreater(a.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s'], 0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(b.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(b.read('sash.height_m'), 0.0)
+
+    def test_step_partition_and_skip_exact(self):
+        def run(parts):
+            g = Rig(seed=7)
+            g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='building', suction_pa=250.0, duct_k=3000.0, damper_open=0.6)
+            g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.62)
+            g.call(g.A, 'source.place', source_id='a', liquid_id='ethanol', mass_kg=0.01, area_m2=0.003)
+            g.call(g.A, 'source.place', source_id='b', liquid_id='water', mass_kg=0.05, area_m2=0.004)
+            g.call(g.A, 'fixture.set', fixture='gas', open_fraction=0.2)
+            g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='test')
+            g.call(g.E, 'disturbance.configure', walk_by_s=4.0)
+            for dt in parts:
+                g.step(dt)
+            r = g.h.read('evaluator')
+            return json.dumps({k: r[k] for k in r if k != 'clock.time_s'}, sort_keys=True, default=float), g.ledger()
+        a, la = run([300.0])
+        b, lb = run([0.1] * 3000)
+        c, lc = run([7.33] * 40 + [6.8])
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a, c)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(la, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(lb, sort_keys=True))
+        _balance(self, la)
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'source.place', source_id='w', liquid_id='water', mass_kg=0.01, area_m2=0.001)
+        g.call(g.A, 'source.place', expect='DUPLICATE_ID', source_id='w', liquid_id='water', mass_kg=0.01, area_m2=0.001)
+        g.call(g.A, 'source.remove', expect='NO_SOURCE', source_id='zz')
+        if 'diethyl_ether' in rt.LIQ:
+            g2 = Rig(ambient_k=310.15)
+            g2.call(g2.A, 'source.place', expect='NOT_LIQUID', source_id='e', liquid_id='diethyl_ether', mass_kg=0.01, area_m2=0.001)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keylock.set', mode='closed')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', expect='SASH_LOCKED', height_m=0.2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keylock.set', mode='limit')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', expect='ABOVE_STOP_LOCKED', height_m=0.6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.3)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keylock.set', expect='SASH_NOT_CLOSED', mode='closed')
+        g.call(g.A, 'keylock.set', mode='off')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.6, hold=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keylock.set', expect='SASH_ABOVE_STOP', mode='limit')
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.configure', expect='OUT_OF_RANGE', low_alarm_m_s=0.6, high_alarm_m_s=0.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.calibrate', expect='NOT_CALIBRATABLE', reference_m_s=0.3)                 # no exhaust: the sensor reads below range
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.configure', new_pin='1234')
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.configure', expect='PIN_INVALID', low_alarm_m_s=0.25)
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=99))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', expect='MONITOR_OFF', key='test')
+
+
+class Airflow(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_documented_operating_points(self):
+        for key in ('exhaust_design_30', 'exhaust_design_40', 'exhaust_design_50', 'exhaust_full_30', 'exhaust_full_40', 'exhaust_full_50'):
+            p = rt.DOC[key]
+            g = Rig()
+            g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='constant_volume', flow_m3_s=p['flow_m3_s'])
+            g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=p['sash_m'], hold=p['sash_m'] > rt.H_STOP)
+            g.settle()
+            T = g.truth()
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(T['face_velocity_m_s'] / p['face_velocity_m_s'], 1.0, delta=0.09, msg=key)   # least-squares fit of the six points
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(T['hood_static_pa'] / p['static_pa'], 1.0, delta=0.08, msg=key)
+
+    def test_building_exhaust_damper_and_sash(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='building', suction_pa=250.0, duct_k=3000.0, damper_open=0.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.457)
+        g.settle()
+        q1 = g.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s']
+        g.call(g.A, 'damper.set', open_fraction=1.0)
+        g.settle()
+        q2 = g.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s']
+        self.assertGreater(q2, q1)
+        v457 = g.truth()['face_velocity_m_s']
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.2)
+        g.settle()
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth()['face_velocity_m_s'], v457)                                     # smaller opening: faster face velocity
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='duct_blockage', active=True)
+        g.settle()
+        self.assertLess(g.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s'], 0.2 * q2)
+
+    def test_blower_needs_the_fan_switch(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='blower', duct_k=2000.0, blower_speed=0.8)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.457)
+        g.settle()
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.set', on=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        q1 = g.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s']
+        g.settle()
+        q = g.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s']
+        self.assertGreater(q, q1)                                                                    # first-order response
+        g.call(g.A, 'blower.set_speed', speed=0.4)
+        g.settle()
+        g.settle()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s'] / q, 0.5, delta=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='blower_failure', active=True)
+        g.settle()
+        self.assertLess(g.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s'], 1e-6)                                         # spinning down (tau 2 s)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('outlets.powered'))
+
+    def test_sash_stop_creep_down_hold_and_key_lock(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.67)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('sash.height_m'), 0.67 - 5.0 * rt.ENG['creep_speed_m_s'], delta=1e-9)
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('sash.height_m'), rt.H_STOP)                                        # back on the 457 mm stop
+        self.assertIn('SASH_CREPT_DOWN', g.events(g.A))
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.67, hold=True)
+        g.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('sash.height_m'), 0.67)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.release')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('sash.height_m'), 0.67)
+        g.step(20.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keylock.set', mode='limit')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keylock.set', mode='closed')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('keylock.mode'), 'closed')
+
+
+class Monitor(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_uncalibrated_gain_and_field_calibration(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=1)
+        g.cv(0.31)
+        g.settle()
+        T = g.truth()
+        self.assertNotAlmostEqual(T['sensor_gain'], 1.0, delta=0.005)
+        g.calibrate()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('monitor.reading_m_s'), 0.31, delta=0.02)                      # anemometer +-2 % and 0.005 m/s, display noise
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('monitor.settings')['calibrated'])
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.safe'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'SAFE')
+
+    def test_low_alarm_delay_mute_and_clear(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.cv(0.4)
+        g.settle()
+        g.calibrate()
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='constant_volume', flow_m3_s=0.15 * rt.a_eff(0.457))
+        g.step(4.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('monitor.alarm'))                                                   # still within the alarm delay
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('monitor.alarm'), 'low')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.unsafe') and g.read('buzzer.on'))
+        self.assertEqual((g.read('display.text'), g.read('display.lcd_cells')), ('LOW AIRFLOW', 'Lo FLo'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='mute')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.mute') and not g.read('buzzer.on'))
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='constant_volume', flow_m3_s=0.4 * rt.a_eff(0.457))
+        g.settle()
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('monitor.alarm'))
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('monitor.muted'))
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='constant_volume', flow_m3_s=0.85 * rt.a_eff(0.457))
+        g.settle()
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('monitor.alarm'), 'high')
+
+    def test_night_setback_self_test_menu_units_pin(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.cv(0.1)
+        g.settle()
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('monitor.alarm'), 'low')
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.night_setback', closed=True)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.mute') and not g.read('buzzer.on'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.night_setback', closed=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='test')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'SELF TEST')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.safe') and g.read('indicator.unsafe') and g.read('indicator.mute') and g.read('buzzer.on'))
+        g.step(3.5)
+        self.assertNotEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'SELF TEST')
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='menu')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('monitor.menu'), 'low')
+        for _ in range(5):
+            g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='down')
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='set')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('monitor.settings')['low_alarm_m_s'], 0.25, delta=1e-9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='menu')
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='menu')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('monitor.menu'), 'units')
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='up')
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='set')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('monitor.settings')['units'], 'imperial')
+        g.step(31.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('monitor.menu'))                                                    # menu timeout
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('display.velocity'), g.read('monitor.reading_m_s') / rt.FPM, delta=1.1)   # fpm, whole numbers
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.configure', new_pin='42', units='metric')
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.press', key='menu')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'PIN LOCKED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.configure', pin='42', high_alarm_m_s=0.8)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('monitor.settings')['high_alarm_m_s'], 0.8)
+
+
+class Vapours(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_evaporation_drying_and_ledger(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.cv(0.4)
+        for sid, liq in (('a', 'acetone'), ('e', 'ethanol'), ('w', 'water')):
+            if liq in rt.LIQ:
+                g.call(g.A, 'source.place', source_id=sid, liquid_id=liq, mass_kg=0.002, area_m2=0.003)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        S = g.truth()['sources']
+        if 'a' in S and 'e' in S:
+            self.assertGreater(S['a']['evaporation_kg_s'], S['e']['evaporation_kg_s'])
+        self.assertGreater(S['e']['evaporation_kg_s'], S['w']['evaporation_kg_s'])
+        g.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertIn('SOURCE_DRY', g.events(g.A))
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'source.remove', source_id='w')['source']
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(r['remaining_kg'], 0.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_containment_tracer_against_velocity_and_cross_draft(self):
+        res = {}
+        for v, cross in ((0.31, 0.05), (0.2, 0.05), (0.31, 0.3)):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.cv(v)
+            g.call(g.E, 'disturbance.configure', cross_draft_m_s=cross)
+            g.call(g.E, 'tracer.release', rate_l_min=4.0)
+            g.settle()
+            res[(v, cross)] = g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['process']['concentrations']['sulfur_hexafluoride']['breathing_zone_ppm']
+        self.assertLess(res[(0.31, 0.05)], 0.010)                                                    # ASHRAE 110 certificate: < 0.010 ppm
+        self.assertGreater(res[(0.2, 0.05)], 100 * res[(0.31, 0.05)])
+        self.assertGreater(res[(0.31, 0.3)], 10 * res[(0.31, 0.05)])
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.457)
+        g.call(g.E, 'tracer.release', rate_l_min=4.0)
+        g.settle()
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['escape_fraction'], 1.0)                                         # no exhaust: everything escapes
+
+    def test_gas_and_water_fixtures(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.cv(0.3)
+        g.call(g.A, 'fixture.set', fixture='cold_water', open_fraction=1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'fixture.set', fixture='gas', open_fraction=1.0)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        L = g.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['water_m3'], 60.0 * rt.ENG['water_supply']['max_flow_m3_s'], delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertGreater(L['substances']['methane']['exhausted_kg'], 0.0)
+        T = g.truth()
+        lfl = (1.0 - T['escape_fraction']) * T['gas_flow_m3_s'] / T['exhaust_flow_m3_s'] / rt.GAS['methane']['lower_flammable_limit']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(T['methane_exhaust_lfl_fraction'], lfl, delta=1e-9)                     # unlit gas: about 1 % of the LFL in the exhaust
+        self.assertLess(T['methane_exhaust_lfl_fraction'], 0.25)
+        self.assertNotIn('EXHAUST_FLAMMABLE', g.events())
+        g.call(g.E, 'facility.configure', water_supply_pa=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['water_flow_m3_s'], 0.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+
+class Utilities(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_light_and_mains_outage(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'light.set', on=True)
+        self.assertEqual((g.read('lamp.lit'), g.read('lighting.illuminance_lux')), (True, 915.0))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('lamp.lit'))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=False)
+        g.cv(0.4)
+        g.settle()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual((g.read('lamp.lit'), g.read('display.text'), g.read('monitor.reading_m_s')), (False, '', None))
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth()['exhaust_flow_m3_s'], 0.0)                                      # the external exhaust keeps running
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('lamp.lit'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'light.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'fan.toggle')
+        g.call(g.E, 'facility.configure', gas_supply_pa=1000.0)
+
+    def test_idle_skip_fast(self):
+        import time
+        g = Rig()
+        g.cv(0.4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'source.place', source_id='w', liquid_id='water', mass_kg=0.5, area_m2=0.01)
+        t0 = time.time()
+        g.step(30 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertLess(time.time() - t0, 2.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        missing = set(rt.CAPS) - set(rt.UNSUPPORTED) - SEEN_CAPS - {'events.read'}
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+
+class ReviewR1(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_calibration_hides_the_gain_and_uses_the_anemometer(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=3)
+        g.cv(0.31)
+        g.settle()
+        v_true = g.truth()['face_velocity_m_s']
+        m = g.call(g.A, 'anemometer.measure')
+        self.assertEqual(m['points'], 18)
+        self.assertLess(abs(m['face_velocity_m_s'] / v_true - 1.0), 0.02 + 0.005 / v_true + 1e-9)
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'monitor.calibrate', reference_m_s=0.5)                                    # a guessed reference is taken at face value
+        self.assertEqual(r, dict(calibrated=True, reading_m_s=0.5))
+        self.assertNotIn('gain', json.dumps(g.read(who=g.A)))
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'anemometer.measure', expect='SASH_TOO_LOW')
+
+    def test_alarm_outside_the_display_range(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'monitor.configure', low_alarm_m_s=0.2, high_alarm_m_s=0.9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.457)
+        g.step(20.0)                                                                                 # no exhaust: the signal is below 0.2 m/s
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.velocity'), 0.2)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('monitor.alarm'), 'low')
+        g.cv(1.2)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.velocity'), 0.9)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('monitor.alarm'), 'high')
+
+    def test_mains_outage_darkens_the_monitor_at_once(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=0.457)
+        g.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('monitor.alarm'), 'low')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('monitor.alarm'))
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('buzzer.on') or g.read('indicator.unsafe'))
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('monitor.reading_m_s'))
+
+    def test_exhaust_configure_keeps_an_omitted_damper(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='building', damper_open=0.5)
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='building', suction_pa=300.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('exhaust.controls')['damper_open'], 0.5)
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='building', damper_open=None)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('exhaust.controls')['damper_open'])
+        self.assertNotIn('exhaust.configure', g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)['capabilities'])
+
+    def test_bypass_keeps_the_closed_sash_below_the_high_alarm(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='building')
+        for h in (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.457):
+            g.call(g.A, 'sash.set', height_m=h)
+            g.step(30.0)
+            self.assertIsNone(g.read('monitor.alarm'), h)
+            self.assertLess(g.truth()['face_velocity_m_s'], 0.7)
+
+    def test_containment_degrades_gradually(self):
+        e = [rt.escape_fraction(v - 0.025, 0.2) for v in (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3)]                 # face velocity with the default 0.05 m/s cross draft
+        self.assertTrue(all(a > b for a, b in zip(e, e[1:])))
+        self.assertTrue(0.02 < e[1] < 0.5 and 1e-3 < e[2] < 0.02 and e[3] < 1e-3)
+
+
+
+class ReviewR2(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_nullable_arguments_are_validated(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for bad in (0.0, 0.01, -3.0, 'abc', [1], {'a': 1}):
+            g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', mode='building', damper_open=bad)
+        for bad in (1234, {'p': 1}, 'x' * 500):
+            g.call(g.A, 'monitor.configure', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', pin=bad)
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='building', damper_open=None)
+        g.step(5.0)
+
+    def test_agent_cannot_see_the_facility_exhaust(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='building', suction_pa=250.0, duct_k=3000.0, damper_open=0.6)
+        obs = g.read(who=g.A)
+        self.assertNotIn('exhaust.state', obs)
+        self.assertEqual(obs['exhaust.controls'], dict(damper_open=0.6, blower_speed=1.0))
+        self.assertNotIn('EXHAUST_CONFIGURED', g.events(g.A))
+        self.assertIn('EXHAUST_CONFIGURED', g.events(g.E))
+        g.call(g.A, 'damper.set', open_fraction=0.4)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('exhaust.controls', who=g.A)['damper_open'], 0.4)
+
+
+
+class ReviewR3(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_branch_suction_and_duct_are_seeded(self):
+        vals = set()
+        for seed in (1, 2, 3):
+            g = Rig(seed=seed)
+            e = g.read('exhaust.state')
+            self.assertTrue(200.0 <= e['suction_pa'] <= 300.0 and 2100.0 <= e['duct_k'] <= 3900.0, e)
+            self.assertNotEqual((e['suction_pa'], e['duct_k']), (rt.ENG['building_suction_pa'], rt.ENG['duct_k']))
+            vals.add(round(e['suction_pa'], 6))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 3)
+
+    def test_damper_set_needs_a_damper(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='building')
+        g.call(g.A, 'damper.set', expect='NO_DAMPER', open_fraction=0.3)
+        g.call(g.E, 'exhaust.configure', mode='building', damper_open=1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'damper.set', open_fraction=0.3)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_evident_bx53p.py b/tests/test_asset_evident_bx53p.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fab4bc22aa8ccb7b1ef5aee45b448d9138f81dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_evident_bx53p.py
@@ -0,0 +1,910 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-162 evident_bx53p: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_evident_bx53p.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances
+are isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (electrical energy = electronics + LED power x time; frame / exposure / rotation
+ledgers), real return values validated against the declared schemas (asset_tool validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation
+remnants, host-step independence, declared immediate and on_step effects over scenario states; plus the polarized-light physics: extinction of a
+birefringent crystal when its vibration directions are parallel to the polarizer, maximum brightness at 45 deg, Michel-Levy colours (quartz 30 um
+first-order white/yellow, calcite high-order white), the first-order red plate (magenta on isotropic, addition / subtraction with a quartz section),
+isotropic sections dark between crossed polars, a nematic Schlieren texture, the extinction scan against the truth, the retardation estimate with
+a non-unique candidate list, objectives (field of view FN 22 / M, defocus, oil), condenser top lens and iris, click stops, camera saturation, faults.
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import evident_bx53p as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+DEG = rt.DEG
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_evident_bx53p_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.EvidentBx53pRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.EvidentBx53pRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+QUARTZ = dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+QUARTZ_XTAL = dict(QUARTZ, sample_id='quartz_plate', kind='single_crystal', grains=1, orientation=dict(tilt_rad=math.pi / 2, azimuth_rad=0.0, spin_rad=0.0))
+CALCITE_XTAL = dict(QUARTZ_XTAL, sample_id='calcite_plate', substance_id='main_caco3')
+LC = dict(QUARTZ, sample_id='lc_cell', kind='liquid_crystal', substance_id='other_5cb', thickness_m=5e-6, grains=1, defects=4)
+GLASS = dict(QUARTZ, sample_id='glass', kind='isotropic', substance_id=None, grains=1)
+THICK = dict(QUARTZ, sample_id='thick_slide', slide_thickness_m=2.0e-3)
+OIL = dict(QUARTZ, sample_id='oiled', immersion_oil=True)
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.EvidentBx53pRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1):
+    h = configured(seed)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.invoke('illumination.set_level', level=0.6)
+    return h
+
+
+def loaded(sample=QUARTZ, seed=1, objective=1):
+    h = ready(seed)
+    h.invoke('sample.provide', **sample)
+    h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id=sample['sample_id'])
+    h.invoke('objective.select', index=objective)
+    h.invoke('focus.move', stage_z_m=h._focus_target(h.samples[sample['sample_id']]))
+    return h
+
+
+def wait(h, oid, tmax=600.0, dt=0.25):
+    t0 = h.t
+    while h.operations[oid]['phase'] == 'running' and h.t - t0 < tmax:
+        h.step(dt)
+    return h.operations[oid]['phase']
+
+
+def acquire(h):
+    oid = h.invoke('camera.acquire')['operation_id']
+    assert wait(h, oid) == 'completed'
+    return h.records[h.operations[oid]['record_id']]
+
+
+def center(r, half=4):
+    c = np.asarray(r['image']['counts'], float)
+    H, W = c.shape[:2]
+    return c[H // 2 - half:H // 2 + half, W // 2 - half:W // 2 + half].reshape(-1, 3).mean(0)
+
+
+def check(cid, **detail):
+    CHECKS.append(dict(check=cid, status='passed', **detail))
+
+
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity_and_export(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        self.assertEqual((rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, rt.CATALOG_ID), ('instrument.evident_bx53p', 'CHEM-162'))
+        self.assertEqual(set(m['capabilities']), set(rt.CAPS))
+        self.assertEqual(set(m['state_slots']), set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for sch in (c['input_schema'], c['output_schema']):
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(sch) if hasattr(asset_tool, 'lint_schema') else [], [], k)
+            self.assertTrue(c['errors'], k)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, v in rt.EFFECTS.items():
+            self.assertTrue(set(v) <= set(rt.SLOTS), k)
+        check('contract_export_consistent')
+
+    def test_library_and_colour_data(self):
+        lib = rt.biref_lib()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(lib['substances']), 50)
+        e = lib['substances']['main_caco3']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(e['n_589']['o'], 1.6583, delta=5e-4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(e['n_589']['e'], 1.4864, delta=5e-4)
+        q = lib['substances']['main_sio2']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(q['birefringence_589'], 0.0091, delta=3e-4)
+        self.assertTrue(all(e['source']['references'] for e in lib['substances'].values()))
+        cmf = rt.cmf()
+        self.assertEqual(cmf.shape, (len(rt.LAM_M), 3))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(rt.rgb_of(np.full(len(rt.LAM_M), 1.0)) @ np.array([0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722])), 1.0, delta=0.02)
+        check('library_and_cie_data')
+
+
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_describe_are_pure_and_calls_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        v0, t0 = h.read('evaluator'), h.t
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        h.session('ag').describe(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE)
+        h.session('ag').read(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator'), v0)
+        oid = h.invoke('camera.acquire')['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(h.t, t0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[oid]['phase'], 'running')
+        h.step(0.01)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[oid]['phase'], 'running')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[oid]['phase'], 'completed')
+
+    def test_step_partition_does_not_change_results(self):
+        a, b = loaded(seed=4), loaded(seed=4)
+        a.invoke('scan.extinction', step_rad=15 * DEG, region=None)
+        b.invoke('scan.extinction', step_rad=15 * DEG, region=None)
+        a.step(100.0)
+        for _ in range(400):
+            b.step(0.25)
+        ra, rb = a.records['SC0001'], b.records['SC0001']
+        self.assertEqual(ra['scan'], rb['scan'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], b.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], delta=1e-6)
+        check('host_step_partition_independent')
+
+    def test_energy_and_usage_ledgers(self):
+        h = ready()
+        e0 = h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j']
+        h.step(100.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'] - e0, (rt.IDLE_W + rt.LED_W_MAX * 0.6) * 100.0, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['led_energy_j'], rt.LED_W_MAX * 0.6 * 100.0, delta=1e-6)
+        h.invoke('illumination.set_level', level=1.0)
+        e1 = h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j']
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'] - e1, rt.POWER_W * 10.0, delta=1e-6)     # documented approx. 24 W at full level
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        e2 = h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j']
+        h.step(50.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], e2)
+        g = loaded()
+        acquire(g)
+        g.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+        L = g.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(L['frames'], 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['exposure_s'], 0.05, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['stage_rotation_rad'], math.pi / 2, delta=1e-9)
+        check('energy_ledger_closes')
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_extinction_and_45_degree_brightness(self):
+        h = loaded(QUARTZ_XTAL)
+        dark = center(acquire(h))
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=math.pi / 4)
+        bright = center(acquire(h))
+        self.assertLess(dark.mean(), 0.05 * bright.mean())
+        self.assertGreater(bright.mean(), 50.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+        self.assertLess(center(acquire(h)).mean(), 0.05 * bright.mean())                           # extinct every 90 deg
+        check('extinction_every_90_deg')
+
+    def test_michel_levy_colours(self):
+        q = rt.chart(275e-9)
+        self.assertGreater(q[0], q[2])
+        self.assertGreater(q[1], q[2])                                                             # first-order white / pale yellow: blue lowest
+        red = rt.chart(530e-9)
+        self.assertGreater(red[0], red[1])
+        self.assertGreater(red[2], red[1])                                                         # first-order red: magenta, green lowest
+        blue2 = rt.chart(700e-9)
+        self.assertGreater(blue2[2], blue2[0])                                                     # second-order blue
+        h = loaded(CALCITE_XTAL)
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=math.pi / 4)
+        c = center(acquire(h))
+        g = loaded(GLASS)
+        g.invoke('analyzer.set_inserted', inserted=False)
+        w = center(acquire(g))
+        self.assertLess(np.abs(c / c.sum() - w / w.sum()).max(), 0.04)                             # high-order white: the lamp colour, no hue
+        check('michel_levy_colours')
+
+    def test_tint_plate_on_isotropic_addition_and_subtraction(self):
+        g = loaded(GLASS)
+        g.invoke('compensator.insert', plate='U-TP530')
+        m = center(acquire(g))
+        self.assertGreater(m[0], m[1])
+        self.assertGreater(m[2], m[1])                                                             # magenta background
+        h = loaded(QUARTZ_XTAL)                                                                    # slow axis along the stage 0 direction (x)
+        h.invoke('compensator.insert', plate='U-TP530')                                            # plate slow axis NE-SW = +45 deg in the image frame
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=math.pi / 4)                                            # sample slow axis parallel to the plate: addition
+        add = center(acquire(h))
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=3 * math.pi / 4)                                        # perpendicular: subtraction
+        sub = center(acquire(h))
+        R = h.read('evaluator')['truth.center_retardation_m']
+        ref_add, ref_sub = rt.chart(R + 530e-9), rt.chart(530e-9 - R)                              # addition (805 nm, second-order green) / subtraction (255 nm)
+        chrom = lambda v: np.asarray(v) / np.sum(v)                                                 # noqa: E731
+        qe = np.asarray(rt.CAMERA['qe']) / max(rt.CAMERA['qe'])
+        self.assertLess(np.abs(chrom(add) - chrom(ref_add * qe)).sum(), np.abs(chrom(add) - chrom(ref_sub * qe)).sum())
+        self.assertLess(np.abs(chrom(sub) - chrom(ref_sub * qe)).sum(), np.abs(chrom(sub) - chrom(ref_add * qe)).sum())
+        check('tint_plate_addition_subtraction')
+
+    def test_isotropic_dark_and_open_analyzer(self):
+        g = loaded(GLASS)
+        dark = center(acquire(g))
+        g.invoke('analyzer.set_inserted', inserted=False)
+        open_ = center(acquire(g))
+        self.assertLess(dark.mean(), 0.01 * open_.mean())
+        g.invoke('analyzer.set_inserted', inserted=True)
+        g.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=0.0)                                              # parallel polars
+        par = center(acquire(g))
+        self.assertGreater(par.mean(), 0.8 * open_.mean())
+        check('isotropic_dark_crossed')
+
+    def test_nematic_schlieren_texture(self):
+        h = loaded(LC)
+        r = acquire(h)
+        c = np.asarray(r['image']['counts'], float).mean(2)
+        H, W = c.shape
+        yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W]
+        inside = ((xx - (W - 1) / 2) ** 2 + (yy - (H - 1) / 2) ** 2) <= ((W - 1) / 2 * 0.95) ** 2
+        frac_dark = float((c[inside] < 0.1 * np.percentile(c[inside], 95)).mean())
+        self.assertGreater(frac_dark, 0.02)                                                        # dark brushes where the director is parallel to a polar
+        self.assertLess(frac_dark, 0.6)
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=20 * DEG)
+        c2 = np.asarray(acquire(h)['image']['counts'], float).mean(2)
+        self.assertGreater(np.abs(c2 - c)[inside].mean(), 5.0)                                     # the brushes rotate with the stage
+        check('nematic_schlieren')
+
+    def test_extinction_scan_against_truth(self):
+        for az in (0.3, 1.1):
+            s = dict(QUARTZ_XTAL, sample_id=f'q{az}', orientation=dict(tilt_rad=math.pi / 2, azimuth_rad=az, spin_rad=0.0))
+            h = loaded(s)
+            oid = h.invoke('scan.extinction', step_rad=5 * DEG, region=None)['operation_id']
+            self.assertEqual(wait(h, oid), 'completed')
+            r = h.records[h.operations[oid]['record_id']]
+            truth = h.read('evaluator')['truth.center_slow_axis_rad']
+            ext_truth = (-truth) % (math.pi / 2)                                                   # stage angle bringing the slow axis onto a polar
+            d = abs(((r['scan']['extinction_rad'] - ext_truth) + math.pi / 4) % (math.pi / 2) - math.pi / 4)
+            self.assertLess(d, 1.0 * DEG, az)
+            self.assertGreater(r['scan']['contrast'], 0.8)
+            self.assertEqual(h.stage, 0.0)                                                         # returns to the start angle
+        check('extinction_scan_recovers_truth')
+
+    def test_retardation_estimate_is_not_a_phase_identification(self):
+        h = loaded(QUARTZ_XTAL)
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=math.pi / 4)
+        r = acquire(h)
+        w = h.invoke('analysis.retardation', record_id=r['record_id'], region=None, thickness_m=30e-6)
+        R_true = h.read('evaluator')['truth.center_retardation_m']
+        self.assertLess(abs(w['retardation_m'] - R_true) / R_true, 0.15)
+        self.assertFalse(w['unique_identification'])
+        ids = [c['substance_id'] for c in w['candidates']]
+        self.assertIn('main_sio2', ids)
+        self.assertGreater(len(ids), 5)
+        h.invoke('compensator.insert', plate='U-TP530')
+        r2 = acquire(h)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('analysis.retardation', record_id=r2['record_id'], region=None, thickness_m=None)
+        check('retardation_candidates_not_unique')
+
+
+class Conoscopy(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _figure(self, sid, orient, stage=0.0, t=300e-6):
+        h = loaded(dict(QUARTZ_XTAL, sample_id='c' + sid, substance_id=sid, thickness_m=t, orientation=orient), objective=2)
+        h.invoke('condenser.set_iris', diameter_m=21e-3)
+        h.invoke('camera.configure', exposure_s=0.01, gain=1.0)
+        h.invoke('bertrand.set_inserted', inserted=True)
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=stage)
+        return h, acquire(h)
+
+    def test_uniaxial_optic_axis_figure(self):
+        oa = dict(tilt_rad=0.0, azimuth_rad=0.0, spin_rad=0.0)
+        h, r = self._figure('main_caco3', oa)
+        self.assertIn('conoscopic', r['warnings'])
+        c = np.asarray(r['image']['counts'], float).mean(2)
+        H, W = c.shape
+        axis_vals = [c[H // 2, W // 2 + 20], c[H // 2, W // 2 - 20], c[H // 2 + 20, W // 2], c[H // 2 - 20, W // 2]]
+        diag_vals = [c[H // 2 + 14, W // 2 + 14], c[H // 2 - 14, W // 2 - 14]]
+        self.assertLess(max(axis_vals), 0.2 * min(diag_vals))                                 # isogyres along the polarizer and analyzer directions
+        _, r2 = self._figure('main_caco3', oa, stage=0.5)
+        self.assertLess(np.abs(np.asarray(r2['image']['counts'], float).mean(2) - c).mean(), 2.0)   # the optic-axis figure does not move with the stage
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('analysis.retardation', record_id=r['record_id'], region=None, thickness_m=None)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'CONOSCOPIC_IMAGE')
+        check('conoscopic_optic_axis_figure')
+
+    def test_biaxial_figure_moves_and_focus_blurs(self):
+        o = dict(tilt_rad=0.3, azimuth_rad=0.0, spin_rad=0.0)
+        h, a = self._figure('main_ktiopo4', o)
+        _, b = self._figure('main_ktiopo4', o, stage=0.6)
+        self.assertGreater(np.abs(np.asarray(a['image']['counts'], float) - np.asarray(b['image']['counts'], float)).mean(), 50.0)
+        sharp = np.asarray(a['image']['counts'], float).std()
+        h.invoke('bertrand.focus', focus_rad=3.0)
+        self.assertLess(np.asarray(acquire(h)['image']['counts'], float).std(), sharp)
+        check('biaxial_figure_moves_bertrand_focus')
+
+
+class OpticsAndMechanics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_objectives_fov_defocus_and_oil(self):
+        h = loaded(QUARTZ)
+        fovs = []
+        for i in range(4):
+            fovs.append(h.invoke('objective.select', index=i)['fov_m'])
+        self.assertEqual([round(f * 1e3, 4) for f in fovs], [5.5, 2.2, 0.55, 0.22])
+        h.invoke('objective.select', index=2)
+        sharp = np.asarray(acquire(h)['image']['counts'], float).std()
+        h.invoke('focus.move', stage_z_m=h.z + 100e-6)
+        blurred = np.asarray(acquire(h)['image']['counts'], float).std()
+        self.assertLess(blurred, 0.8 * sharp)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', stage_z_m=h._focus_target(h.samples['quartz_section']))
+        h.invoke('objective.select', index=3)
+        self.assertIn('no_immersion_oil', acquire(h)['warnings'])
+        g = loaded(OIL, objective=3)
+        self.assertNotIn('no_immersion_oil', acquire(g)['warnings'])
+        check('objectives_fov_defocus_oil')
+
+    def test_condenser_top_lens_iris_and_vignetting(self):
+        h = loaded(GLASS, objective=0)
+        h.invoke('analyzer.set_inserted', inserted=False)
+        self.assertIn('field_not_fully_illuminated', acquire(h)['warnings'])
+        h.invoke('condenser.set_top_lens', state='out')
+        self.assertNotIn('field_not_fully_illuminated', acquire(h)['warnings'])
+        h.invoke('objective.select', index=2)
+        self.assertIn('condenser_na_low', acquire(h)['warnings'])
+        h.invoke('condenser.set_top_lens', state='in')
+        wide = center(acquire(h)).mean()
+        h.invoke('condenser.set_iris', diameter_m=2e-3)
+        self.assertLess(center(acquire(h)).mean(), wide)
+        check('condenser_top_lens_iris')
+
+    def test_click_stops_and_scales(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=45.6 * DEG)['click_stop'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage, math.pi / 4, delta=1e-12)
+        out = h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=47.0 * DEG)
+        self.assertFalse(out['click_stop'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['indicated_rad'], math.radians(47.0), places=12)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('polarizer.set_angle', angle_rad=0.6 * DEG)['angle_rad'], 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=90.04 * DEG)['angle_rad'], 90.0 * DEG, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['optics.crossed'])
+        h.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=92.0 * DEG)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['optics.crossed'])
+        check('click_stops')
+
+    def test_slide_limits_and_sample_rules(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **THICK)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='thick_slide')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'SLIDE_TOO_THICK')
+        for bad, code in ((dict(QUARTZ, sample_id='x', substance_id='nope'), 'UNKNOWN_SUBSTANCE'),
+                          (dict(LC, sample_id='y', substance_id='main_ktiopo4'), 'NOT_A_LIQUID_CRYSTAL')):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                h.invoke('sample.provide', **bad)
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), code)
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **QUARTZ)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='quartz_section')
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **GLASS)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='glass')
+        v0 = h.read('evaluator')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='glass')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator'), v0)
+        h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='quartz_section')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['sample.on_stage'])
+
+    def test_camera_saturation_lamp_and_power(self):
+        h = loaded(GLASS)
+        h.invoke('analyzer.set_inserted', inserted=False)
+        h.invoke('camera.configure', exposure_s=2.0, gain=4.0)
+        self.assertIn('saturated', acquire(h)['warnings'])
+        h.invoke('power.press_switch')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['power.enabled'])
+        r = acquire(h)
+        self.assertIn('lamp_off', r['warnings'])
+        self.assertLess(r['image']['mean_counts'][1], 5.0)
+        h.invoke('power.press_switch')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['illumination.lamp_on'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            configured(mains_voltage_v=60.0).invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+
+
+class FaultsAndOperations(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_faults(self):
+        h = loaded(GLASS)
+        h.invoke('analyzer.set_inserted', inserted=False)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['illumination.lamp_on'])
+        self.assertLess(acquire(h)['image']['mean_counts'][1], 5.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=False)
+        g = loaded(QUARTZ_XTAL)
+        g.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=0.2)
+        oid = g.invoke('scan.extinction', step_rad=10 * DEG, region=None)['operation_id']
+        g.step(15.0)
+        self.assertNotAlmostEqual(g.stage, 0.2, places=6)
+        g.invoke('fault.inject', fault='camera_disconnected', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.operations[oid]['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.stage, 0.2, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertGreater(len(g.records['SC0001']['scan']['stage_rad']), 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            g.invoke('camera.acquire')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'CAMERA_FAULT')
+        v = loaded(QUARTZ)
+        v.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vibration', active=True)
+        self.assertLess(np.asarray(acquire(v)['image']['counts'], float).std(), np.asarray(acquire(loaded(QUARTZ))['image']['counts'], float).std())
+
+    def test_cancellation_keeps_partial_scan_and_restores_the_stage(self):
+        h = loaded(QUARTZ_XTAL)
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('ag')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='scan.extinction', arguments=dict(step_rad=10 * DEG, region=None), request_id='scan1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        h.step(12.0)
+        c = s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(c['result']['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        rec = h.records['SC0001']
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(len(rec['scan']['stage_rad']), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(h.stage, 0.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.op)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c2')
+
+    def test_operation_blocks_manual_parts(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.invoke('camera.acquire')
+        for k, a in (('stage.rotate', dict(angle_rad=1.0)), ('objective.select', dict(index=0)), ('focus.move', dict(stage_z_m=0.0)),
+                     ('analyzer.set_inserted', dict(inserted=False)), ('camera.acquire', {})):
+            v0 = h.read('evaluator')
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                h.invoke(k, **a)
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'OPERATION_RUNNING')
+            self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator'), v0)
+
+
+class RecordsSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = loaded(), loaded()
+        acquire(a)
+        a.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(b.records, {})
+        self.assertEqual(b.stage, 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(b.ledger()['frames'], 0.0)
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        h = loaded(QUARTZ_XTAL)
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        s, e = h.session('ag'), h.session('ev')
+        obs = s.read(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        self.assertIn('truth.samples', e.read(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE)['observations'])
+        d = s.describe(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE)
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in d['state_slots'] if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        self.assertNotIn('ledger.read', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='ledger.read', arguments={}, request_id='l')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='camera.acquire', arguments={}, request_id='a1')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        res = s.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id='IM0001'), request_id='m1')['result']
+        self.assertEqual(res['template_source']['substances'], [])                                  # the sample identity is truth
+        self.assertEqual(e.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id='IM0001'), request_id='m1')['result']['template_source']['substances'], ['main_sio2'])
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['status'], 'succeeded')   # protocol.md status names
+
+    def test_requests_are_idempotent_and_foreign_records_hidden(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        r1 = s1.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='stage.rotate', arguments=dict(angle_rad=0.5), request_id='x')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='stage.rotate', arguments=dict(angle_rad=0.5), request_id='x'), r1)
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='stage.rotate', arguments=dict(angle_rad=0.6), request_id='x')['error']['code'],
+                         'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        s1.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='camera.acquire', arguments={}, request_id='acq')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='stage.rotate', arguments=dict(angle_rad=0.1), request_id='y')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='r')['result']['records'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id='IM0001'), request_id='m')['error']['code'],
+                         'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertIsNone(s2.read(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'])
+        self.assertEqual(s1.read(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'], 'IM0001')
+
+    def test_queries_and_unsupported(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        acquire(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.list')['records'], ['IM0001'])
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('ledger.read')['frames'], 1.0)
+        p = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(p['substances'], 50)
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(k)
+        h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=5.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id='nope')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects over scenario states
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return rt.EvidentBx53pRuntime()
+    if name == 'off':
+        return configured()
+    if name == 'ready':
+        h = ready()
+        for s in (QUARTZ, QUARTZ_XTAL, GLASS, LC, THICK):
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', **s)
+        return h
+    if name == 'loaded':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='quartz_plate')
+        h.invoke('focus.move', stage_z_m=0.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'imaged':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        acquire(h)
+        return h
+    if name == 'acquiring':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('camera.acquire')
+        return h
+    if name == 'scanning':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('scan.extinction', step_rad=20 * DEG, region=None)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'lamp_fault':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'camera_fault':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='camera_disconnected', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'mains_fault':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0))
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'ready', 'loaded', 'imaged', 'acquiring', 'scanning', 'lamp_fault', 'camera_fault', 'mains_fault']
+STEP_DTS = (0.02, 1.0, 3.0, 30.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(room_k=300.15, mains_voltage_v=60.0, noise_seed=1)],
+        'sample.provide': [dict(QUARTZ, sample_id='new')], 'sample.place': [dict(sample_id='quartz_section'), dict(sample_id='lc_cell')],
+        'sample.remove': [dict(sample_id='quartz_plate')], 'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_switch': [{}],
+        'illumination.set_level': [dict(level=0.0), dict(level=1.0)], 'polarizer.set_angle': [dict(angle_rad=0.3), dict(angle_rad=0.0)],
+        'analyzer.set_inserted': [dict(inserted=False), dict(inserted=True)], 'analyzer.set_angle': [dict(angle_rad=0.2), dict(angle_rad=math.pi / 2)],
+        'compensator.insert': [dict(plate='U-TP530'), dict(plate='none')], 'condenser.set_top_lens': [dict(state='out'), dict(state='in')],
+        'condenser.set_iris': [dict(diameter_m=3e-3)], 'objective.select': [dict(index=0), dict(index=3)],
+        'stage.rotate': [dict(angle_rad=0.5), dict(angle_rad=math.pi / 4)], 'focus.move': [dict(stage_z_m=0.002)],
+        'camera.configure': [dict(exposure_s=0.2, gain=2.0)], 'camera.acquire': [{}], 'scan.extinction': [dict(step_rad=30 * DEG, region=None)],
+        'bertrand.set_inserted': [dict(inserted=True), dict(inserted=False)], 'bertrand.focus': [dict(focus_rad=1.0)],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in rt.FAULTS] + [dict(fault=f, active=False) for f in rt.FAULTS],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 64:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] not in ('query', 'analysis')
+
+
+class ReviewRound1Fixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the round-1 runtime review findings."""
+    def test_conoscopic_angles_scale_with_na_over_n(self):
+        def first_dark_ring(obj, oil):
+            s = dict(CALCITE_XTAL, sample_id='c', thickness_m=100e-6, orientation=dict(tilt_rad=0.0, azimuth_rad=0.0, spin_rad=0.0), immersion_oil=oil)
+            h = loaded(s, objective=obj)
+            h.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+            h.invoke('bertrand.set_inserted', inserted=True)
+            h.invoke('condenser.set_iris', diameter_m=0.021)
+            Y = h._linear_image(h.stage, []).sum(-1)
+            H, W = Y.shape
+            rs = np.linspace(0, 1, 200)
+            v = np.array([Y[int(round((H - 1) / 2 - r * (W - 1) / 2 * math.sin(math.pi / 4))), int(round((W - 1) / 2 + r * (W - 1) / 2 * math.cos(math.pi / 4)))] for r in rs])
+            k = next(i for i in range(2, len(v) - 2) if v[i] < v[i - 1] and v[i] <= v[i + 1] and v[i] < 0.3 * v.max())
+            return rs[k]
+        ratio = first_dark_ring(3, True) / first_dark_ring(2, False)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ratio, 0.75 / 1.30, delta=0.08)          # sin(theta_c) = NA r / n: the same ring at r proportional to 1 / NA
+        check('conoscopic_ring_radius_scales_with_1_over_na', ratio=ratio, expected=0.75 / 1.30)
+
+    def test_scan_step_and_fit(self):
+        h = loaded(QUARTZ_XTAL)
+        h.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('scan.extinction', step_rad=45 * DEG, region=None)       # 45 deg steps see 4 theta at two phases only
+        for slow in (10, 20, 30):
+            h = loaded(dict(QUARTZ_XTAL, orientation=dict(tilt_rad=math.pi / 2, azimuth_rad=slow * DEG, spin_rad=0.0)))
+            h.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+            oid = h.invoke('scan.extinction', step_rad=40 * DEG, region=None)['operation_id']
+            self.assertEqual(wait(h, oid), 'completed')
+            ext = h.records[h.operations[oid]['record_id']]['scan']['extinction_rad']
+            truth = (math.pi / 2 - slow * DEG) % (math.pi / 2)
+            self.assertLess(abs((ext - truth + math.pi / 4) % (math.pi / 2) - math.pi / 4), 2 * DEG, (slow, ext))
+        check('scan_45deg_step_refused_and_40deg_fit_correct')
+
+    def test_scan_with_lamp_failure_gives_no_fit_and_ledger_counts_the_way_back(self):
+        h = loaded(QUARTZ_XTAL)
+        h.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+        oid = h.invoke('scan.extinction', step_rad=20 * DEG, region=None)['operation_id']
+        h.step(6.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, oid), 'completed')
+        sc = h.records[h.operations[oid]['record_id']]
+        self.assertIsNone(sc['scan']['extinction_rad'])
+        self.assertIn('lamp_off', sc['warnings'])
+        h2 = loaded(QUARTZ_XTAL)
+        oid = h2.invoke('scan.extinction', step_rad=20 * DEG, region=None)['operation_id']
+        h2.step(6.5)                                                    # stage turned by 20 or 40 deg
+        turned = abs(h2.stage - 0.0)
+        h2._cancel_op(h2.operations[oid])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h2.ledger()['stage_rotation_rad'], 2 * turned, places=9)
+        self.assertEqual(h2.stage, 0.0)
+        check('scan_lamp_off_no_fit_and_return_trip_in_ledger', turned_rad=turned)
+
+    def test_retardation_candidates_and_saturation(self):
+        for d in (10e-6, 30e-6, 50e-6):
+            h = loaded(dict(QUARTZ_XTAL, thickness_m=d))
+            h.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+            h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=45 * DEG)
+            rec = acquire(h)
+            truth = h.read('evaluator')['truth.center_retardation_m']
+            out = h.invoke('analysis.retardation', record_id=rec['record_id'], region=None, thickness_m=d)
+            self.assertLess(min(abs(x - truth) for x in [out['retardation_m']] + out['alternatives_m']), 15e-9, (d, out['retardation_m'], out['alternatives_m']))
+            self.assertIn('main_sio2', [c['substance_id'] for c in out['candidates']])
+            self.assertFalse(out['unique_identification'])
+        h = loaded(dict(QUARTZ_XTAL, thickness_m=30e-6))
+        h.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', angle_rad=45 * DEG)
+        h.invoke('camera.configure', exposure_s=1.0, gain=4.0)
+        rec = acquire(h)
+        out = h.invoke('analysis.retardation', record_id=rec['record_id'], region=None, thickness_m=30e-6)
+        self.assertIsNone(out['retardation_m'])
+        self.assertEqual(out['warnings'], ['saturated_region'])
+        check('retardation_candidates_cover_all_orders_and_saturation_refused')
+
+    def test_objective_front_lens_clearance(self):
+        h = loaded(QUARTZ, objective=3)
+        z0, before = h.z, h.read('evaluator')
+        for z in (z0 + 0.3e-3, z0 + 3e-3):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                h.invoke('focus.move', stage_z_m=z)
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'OBJECTIVE_COLLISION')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator'), before)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', stage_z_m=z0 + 0.1e-3)                    # inside the 0.2 mm working distance
+        h = loaded(QUARTZ, objective=1)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', stage_z_m=h.z + 2e-3)                    # 10x: 10 mm working distance
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('objective.select', index=2)                       # 40x (0.51 mm) would hit the slide
+        check('objective_working_distance_clearance')
+
+    def test_specimen_turns_with_the_stage(self):
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(3)
+        s = rt.make_sample(dict(kind='thin_section', substance_id='main_sio2', thickness_m=30e-6, grains=40), rng)
+        a = rt.render_linear(s, 0.0, 0.0, math.pi / 2, True, 0.0)
+        b = rt.render_linear(s, math.pi, 0.0, math.pi / 2, True, 0.0)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(b[::-1, ::-1], a, atol=1e-9)         # a half turn maps the mosaic onto itself rotated by 180 deg
+        c = rt.render_linear(s, math.pi / 2, 0.0, math.pi / 2, True, 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.abs(c - a).mean()), 1e-3)
+        seeds = rt.make_sample(dict(kind='thin_section', substance_id='main_sio2', thickness_m=30e-6, grains=40), np.random.default_rng(3))
+        H, W = a.shape[:2]
+        pts = np.array(min((g['xy'] for g in seeds['grains']), key=lambda q: abs(math.hypot(*q) - 0.4)))   # a seed near the centre; slide (x, y) appears at R(+stage)(x, y)
+        ang = math.radians(90)
+        rot = np.array([math.cos(ang) * pts[0] - math.sin(ang) * pts[1], math.sin(ang) * pts[0] + math.cos(ang) * pts[1]])
+        col = lambda p: (int(round(p[0] * (W - 1) / 2 + (W - 1) / 2)), int(round(-p[1] * (W - 1) / 2 + (H - 1) / 2)))  # noqa: E731  (+y up)
+        c0, c1 = col(pts), col(rot)
+        self.assertTrue(0 <= c0[1] < H and 0 <= c1[1] < H and 0 <= c0[0] < W and 0 <= c1[0] < W, (c0, c1))
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(c[c1[1], c1[0]], a[c0[1], c0[0]], atol=1e-9)   # the seed's grain (same colour after 90 deg) moves counter-clockwise
+        check('specimen_mosaic_turns_with_the_stage')
+
+
+    def test_round2_specimen_height_image_axes_and_dry_oil_objective(self):
+        thick = dict(QUARTZ_XTAL, sample_id='thick_xtal', thickness_m=0.9e-3)
+        h = loaded(thick, objective=1)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('objective.select', index=2)                       # 40x: 0.51 mm working distance < 0.9 mm crystal
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'OBJECTIVE_COLLISION')
+        tilted = dict(QUARTZ_XTAL, sample_id='tilted', substance_id='main_caco3', thickness_m=100e-6, orientation=dict(tilt_rad=0.35, azimuth_rad=0.0, spin_rad=0.0))
+        h = loaded(tilted, objective=2)
+        h.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+        h.invoke('bertrand.set_inserted', inserted=True)
+        h.invoke('condenser.set_iris', diameter_m=0.021)
+
+        def melatope_angle(stage):
+            Y = h._linear_image(stage, []).sum(-1)
+            H, W = Y.shape
+            yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W]
+            x, y = (xx - (W - 1) / 2) / ((W - 1) / 2), (yy - (H - 1) / 2) / ((W - 1) / 2)
+            w = np.where((x ** 2 + y ** 2 < 0.9) & (x ** 2 + y ** 2 > 0.02), Y.max() - Y, 0.0) ** 4    # the dark isogyre cross
+            return math.atan2(float((w * y).sum()), float((w * x).sum()))
+        turn = (melatope_angle(math.pi / 2) - melatope_angle(0.0)) % (2 * math.pi)   # measured in pixel rows (downward): counter-clockwise = -90 deg
+        self.assertLess(abs(turn - 3 * math.pi / 2), 20 * DEG, turn)     # the figure turns counter-clockwise on screen with the stage (joint about +z)
+        dry = dict(QUARTZ_XTAL, sample_id='dry', substance_id='main_caco3', thickness_m=100e-6, orientation=dict(tilt_rad=0.0, azimuth_rad=0.0, spin_rad=0.0))
+        h = loaded(dry, objective=3)
+        h.invoke('bertrand.set_inserted', inserted=True)
+        h.invoke('condenser.set_iris', diameter_m=0.021)
+        w = []
+        lin = h._conoscopic(h._obj(), h.stage, 0.0, w)
+        self.assertIn('no_immersion_oil', w)
+        H, W = lin.shape[:2]
+        yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W]
+        r = np.hypot(xx - (W - 1) / 2, yy - (H - 1) / 2) / ((W - 1) / 2)
+        self.assertLess(float(lin[(r > 1 / 1.30 + 0.05) & (r <= 1)].max()), 1e-3 * float(lin.max()))   # no ray beyond n sin(theta) = 1 through air
+        check('round2_clearance_axes_and_dry_oil_objective', melatope_turn=turn)
+
+    def test_contract_semantics_of_the_fixes(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        self.assertEqual(meta['capabilities']['analysis.retardation']['output_schema']['properties']['unique_identification'].get('enum'), [False])
+        for k in ('stage.angle_rad', 'polarizer.angle_rad', 'analyzer.angle_rad', 'objective.nosepiece_rad', 'focus.stage_z_m'):
+            self.assertTrue(meta['state_slots'][k].get('reference_conditions'), k)
+        check('never_unique_and_reference_frames_declared')
+
+
+    def test_optic_sign_with_the_tint_plate_textbook_rule(self):
+        for sid, d, positive in (('main_sio2', 300e-6, True), ('main_caco3', 30e-6, False)):
+            s = dict(QUARTZ_XTAL, sample_id='x', substance_id=sid, thickness_m=d, orientation=dict(tilt_rad=0.0, azimuth_rad=0.0, spin_rad=0.0))
+            h = loaded(s, objective=2)
+            h.invoke('analyzer.set_angle', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+            h.invoke('bertrand.set_inserted', inserted=True)
+            h.invoke('condenser.set_iris', diameter_m=0.021)
+            h.invoke('compensator.insert', plate='U-TP530')
+            lin = h._linear_image(h.stage, [])
+            H, W = lin.shape[:2]
+            yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W]
+            x, y = (xx - (W - 1) / 2) / ((W - 1) / 2), (yy - (H - 1) / 2) / ((W - 1) / 2)
+            ring = (np.hypot(x, y) > 0.08) & (np.hypot(x, y) < 0.3)
+            ne = lin[ring & (x > 0) & (y < 0)].mean(0)                     # north = decreasing image rows
+            self.assertEqual(bool(ne[2] > ne[0]), positive, (sid, ne))    # positive crystal: blue NE / SW next to the melatope
+        check('optic_sign_textbook_rule_with_u_tp530')
+
+
+class ZDeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        self.assertFalse([s for v in rt.ON_STEP.values() for s in v if rt.SLOTS[s]['origin'] == 'setpoint' and s != 'stage.angle_rad'])
+        check('declared_effects_scenarios')
+
+    def test_every_device_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'}) for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_hot_tps2500.py b/tests/test_asset_hot_tps2500.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fd75157aef566c21d8ad9d4c61011d287adc5c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_hot_tps2500.py
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+"""CHEM136 numerical, evidence, protocol and atomicity regression tests."""
+import copy
+import importlib.util
+import json
+import math
+from pathlib import Path
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.integrate import quad
+from scripts.asset_runtime import hot_tps2500 as r
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('tps_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py')
+asset_tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+OBSERVED=[]
+
+class Checked(r.HotTps2500Runtime):
+    def invoke(self,key,**a):
+        before=self.read();out=super().invoke(key,**a);after=self.read()
+        changed={k for k in after if after[k]!=before[k]}
+        assert not changed-set(r.CAPS[key]['effects']), (key,changed-set(r.CAPS[key]['effects']))
+        assert not asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[key]['output_schema']), (key,out,asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[key]['output_schema']))
+        OBSERVED.append((key,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(out)))
+        return out
+
+def make(plant=None,sample=None,method=None):
+    h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})));h.invoke('probe.configure',**r.PROBE_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));h.invoke('power.set',enabled=True)
+    h.invoke('fixture.set_clamp',closed=True);h.step(2.);h.invoke('fixture.set_hood',opened=False);h.step(12.);h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**(method or {})));return h
+
+def finish(h):
+    h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(h.method['duration_s']);return h.invoke('acquisition.result')
+
+def remove(h):
+    if h.phase=='running':h.invoke('acquisition.stop')
+    h.invoke('fixture.set_hood',opened=True);h.step(12.);h.invoke('fixture.set_clamp',closed=False);h.step(2.);h.invoke('sample.remove')
+
+def sessions(h):
+    h.register_principal('student','agent');h.register_principal('teacher','evaluator');h.register_principal('other','agent');return h.session('student'),h.session('teacher'),h.session('other')
+
+def call(session,cap,args=None,request_id='r1'):
+    return session.invoke(instance_id=session._host.instance_id,capability_id=cap,arguments=args or {},request_id=request_id)
+
+class TpsTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_01_setup_only_targets(self):
+        h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('probe.configure',**r.PROBE_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('sample.load',**r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        before=h.time_s;h.invoke('fixture.set_clamp',closed=True);self.assertEqual(h.clamp,.035);h.step(.5);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.clamp,.025);self.assertEqual(h.time_s,before+.5)
+        old=h.read();self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.invoke,'fixture.set_hood',opened=False);self.assertEqual(h.read(),old)
+    def test_02_read_describe_zero_step_pure(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        for _ in range(3):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);e.describe(asset_type_id=r.ASSET_TYPE_ID);h.step(0.)
+        self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_03_real_steel_measurement(self):
+        h=make();o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(o['rows']),61)
+        self.assertLess(abs(o['fit']['conductivity_w_m_k']/13.69-1),1e-5);self.assertLess(abs(o['fit']['diffusivity_m2_s']/3.705e-6-1),1e-5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['fit']['volumetric_heat_capacity_j_m3_k'],o['fit']['conductivity_w_m_k']/o['fit']['diffusivity_m2_s']);self.assertIn('HotDisk',o['template_source']);self.assertNotIn('reference_id',o)
+    def test_04_template_count_provenance(self):
+        lib=r.library();self.assertGreaterEqual(len(lib),50)
+        for row in lib.values():
+            self.assertTrue(row['source']);self.assertTrue(row['evidence']);self.assertTrue(math.isfinite(row['thermal_conductivity_W_m_K']))
+    def test_05_gaussian_kernel_independent_integral(self):
+        k=13.69;alpha=3.705e-6;rad=.0064;P=.5;t=1.5;cv=k/alpha
+        # Substitute u=v² to remove the heat-kernel endpoint singularity.
+        numerical=P/cv*quad(lambda v:1/(math.pi**1.5*math.sqrt(alpha)*(rad*rad+4*alpha*v*v)),0,math.sqrt(t),epsabs=1e-12)[0]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(numerical,float(r.gaussian_plane_rise(t,P,k,alpha,rad)),12)
+    def test_06_external_inverse_no_hidden_sample(self):
+        h=Checked();args=copy.deepcopy(r.FIT_EXAMPLE);args['temperature_rise_k']=(r.gaussian_plane_rise(args['time_s'],.5,22.,1.2e-5,.0064)+.032).tolist()
+        out=h.invoke('analysis.fit',**args);self.assertLess(abs(out['conductivity_w_m_k']/22.-1),1e-7);self.assertLess(abs(out['diffusivity_m2_s']/1.2e-5-1),1e-7);self.assertAlmostEqual(out['offset_k'],.032,7);self.assertIsNone(h.sample)
+    def test_07_partition_invariance(self):
+        a=make();b=make();a.invoke('acquisition.start');b.invoke('acquisition.start');a.step(1.5)
+        for dt in [.007,.033,.11,.35,.4,.6]:b.step(dt)
+        self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);self.assertEqual(a.fit,b.fit);self.assertAlmostEqual(a._heat_stored,b._heat_stored,14)
+    def test_08_energy_mass_conservation_cancel_remove(self):
+        h=make();initial_mass=h._mass();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.5);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');self.assertEqual(h._heat_input,.25);self.assertEqual(h._heat_stored,.25)
+        rows=copy.deepcopy(h.rows);h.step(.3);self.assertEqual(h.rows,rows);self.assertEqual(h._heat_input,.25);self.assertEqual(h._mass(),initial_mass)
+        remove(h);d=h.invoke('ledger.read');self.assertLess(abs(d['energy_error_j']),1e-14);self.assertLess(abs(d['mass_error_kg']),1e-14);self.assertEqual(d['sample_removed_heat_j'],.25);self.assertEqual(d['sample_present_kg'],0)
+    def test_09_cancel_residual_cools(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.5);before=h.read()['truth.sensor_k'];h.invoke('acquisition.stop');h.step(.1)
+        self.assertLess(h.read()['truth.sensor_k'],before);self.assertGreater(h.read()['truth.sensor_k'],h.plant['ambient_k']);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');self.assertEqual(h._heat_stored,.25)
+    def test_10_duration_overshoot_exact_energy(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(100.);self.assertEqual(h._heat_input,.75);self.assertEqual(h.elapsed,1.5);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(h.rows),61)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['truth.sensor_k']);self.assertIsNone(h.read()['measurement.indicated_k']);self.assertEqual(h.model_fault,'POSTPULSE_FINITE_BOUNDARY_DOMAIN')
+    def test_11_small_domain_atomic_rejection(self):
+        h=make(method={'duration_s':5.});before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'FINITE_BOUNDARY_DOMAIN',h.invoke,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+        h=make(plant={'maximum_rise_k':.001});before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'SMALL_RISE_DOMAIN',h.invoke,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_12_sensor_saturation_not_fake_success(self):
+        h=make(plant={'sensor_maximum_k':296.151});out=finish(h);self.assertEqual(out['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(out['error_code'],'SENSOR_RANGE');self.assertIsNone(out['fit']);self.assertTrue(any(x['temperature_k'] is None for x in out['rows']));self.assertEqual(h._heat_input,.75)
+    def test_13_external_calibration(self):
+        h=make(plant={'sensor_gain':2.,'sensor_offset_k':.3});h.invoke('sensor.calibrate',gain_correction=.5,offset_correction_k=.3);out=finish(h)
+        self.assertLess(abs(out['fit']['conductivity_w_m_k']/13.69-1),1e-5);self.assertLess(abs(out['fit']['diffusivity_m2_s']/3.705e-6-1),1e-5)
+    def test_14_reference_temperature_atomic(self):
+        h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('probe.configure',**r.PROBE_EXAMPLE);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',h.invoke,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='nist_sic'));self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_15_missing_alpha_explicit_completion(self):
+        record=r.library()['usgs_quartz'];h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,ambient_k=record['reference_temperature_K']));h.invoke('probe.configure',**r.PROBE_EXAMPLE)
+        sample=dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='usgs_quartz');before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'MISSING_REFERENCE_PROPERTY',h.invoke,'sample.load',**sample);self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+        h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(sample,diffusivity_override_m2_s=3e-6,accept_property_completion=True));self.assertTrue(h.sample['completed']);self.assertEqual(h.sample['alpha'],3e-6)
+    def test_16_invalid_input_atomic(self):
+        h=make();before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        for patch in [{'power_w':True},{'power_w':float('nan')},{'bad':1},{'duration_s':.5},{'sample_interval_s':.07},{'temperature_k':300.}]:
+            self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.invoke,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**patch));self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+        for dt in [-1,float('inf'),True,float('nan')]:self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.step,dt);self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_17_busy_rejection_keeps_state(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.2);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        for cap,args in [('sample.remove',{}),('fixture.set_clamp',{'closed':False}),('fixture.set_hood',{'opened':True}),('sensor.calibrate',r.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE),('method.configure',r.METHOD_EXAMPLE)]:
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'BUSY',h.invoke,cap,**args);self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_18_two_instance_isolation(self):
+        a=make();b=make();before=copy.deepcopy(b.__dict__);finish(a);self.assertEqual(b.__dict__,before)
+    def test_19_session_host_bound_visibility(self):
+        h=make();a,e,o=sessions(h);description=a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertNotIn('sample.load',description['capabilities']);self.assertNotIn('sim.step',description['capabilities']);self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in description['state_slots']))
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.sensor_k',a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertIn('truth.sensor_k',e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations'])
+        self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,a.read,instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.sensor_k']);self.assertRaises(TypeError,a.read,instance_id=h.instance_id,role='evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(call(a,'sim.step',{'dt_s':1.})['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(a,'sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,'r2')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.session,'evaluator')
+    def test_20_request_idempotency_and_conflict(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);first=call(a,'acquisition.start');revision=h.revision;self.assertEqual(call(a,'acquisition.start'),first);self.assertEqual(h.revision,revision)
+        self.assertEqual(call(a,'power.set',{'enabled':False})['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');self.assertEqual(h.phase,'running')
+    def test_21_operation_owner_poll_cancel(self):
+        h=make();a,e,o=sessions(h);operation=call(a,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.step(.5)
+        self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,o.poll,operation);self.assertEqual(call(o,'acquisition.result')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(o,'power.set',{'enabled':False},'r2')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        before=h.time_s;response=a.cancel(operation,'cancel1');self.assertEqual(h.time_s,before);self.assertEqual(a.cancel(operation,'cancel1'),response);self.assertEqual(a.poll(operation)['status'],'cancelled');self.assertEqual(h._heat_input,.25)
+    def test_22_completed_poll_frozen_after_reload(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);operation=call(a,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.step(1.5);old=a.poll(operation);remove(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.load',**r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);self.assertEqual(a.poll(operation),old);self.assertEqual(h._heat_stored,0);self.assertEqual(h._heat_removed,.75)
+    def test_23_power_off_cancel_preserves_energy(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.5);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);h.step(1.)
+        self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');self.assertEqual(h.error,'POWER_OFF');self.assertEqual(h._heat_input,.25);self.assertIsNone(h.read()['measurement.indicated_k'])
+    def test_24_no_hot_restart(self):
+        h=make();finish(h);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'RELOAD_REQUIRED',h.invoke,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_25_analysis_ambiguous_rejected(self):
+        h=Checked();a=copy.deepcopy(r.FIT_EXAMPLE);a['time_s']=np.linspace(0,1e-5,41).tolist();a['temperature_rise_k']=r.gaussian_plane_rise(a['time_s'],.5,10,1e-6,.0064).tolist()
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'ANALYSIS_UNRESOLVED',h.invoke,'analysis.fit',**a)
+        a=copy.deepcopy(r.FIT_EXAMPLE);a['time_s'][3]=a['time_s'][2];self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'ANALYSIS_DATA',h.invoke,'analysis.fit',**a)
+    def test_26_unsupported_hardware_and_oem(self):
+        h=make();a,_,_=sessions(h);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        for index,key in enumerate(r.UNSUPPORTED):self.assertEqual(call(a,key,request_id='u'+str(index))['status'],'unsupported')
+        self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_27_metadata_and_all_return_schemas(self):
+        metadata=r.export_hot_tps2500_contract_metadata();self.assertEqual(set(metadata['state_slots']),set(r.SLOTS));h=make();values=h.read()
+        for key,value in metadata['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(value['input_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(value['output_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(value['example_arguments'],value['input_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,value in values.items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(value,metadata['state_slots'][key]['value_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,args,out in OBSERVED:self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(out,metadata['capabilities'][key]['output_schema']),[],key)
+    def test_28_sim_step_real_entry_schema(self):
+        h=Checked();out=h.invoke('sim.step',dt_s=.001);self.assertEqual(out,{'time_s':.001});self.assertEqual(h.time_s,.001)
+    def test_29_known_alpha_cannot_overwrite(self):
+        h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('probe.configure',**r.PROBE_EXAMPLE);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'REFERENCE_OVERRIDE_FORBIDDEN',h.invoke,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,diffusivity_override_m2_s=1e-6,accept_property_completion=True));self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_30_source_provenance_isolation(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);op=call(a,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.step(1.5)
+        for response in [call(a,'acquisition.result',request_id='read1'),a.poll(op)]:
+            text=json.dumps(response);self.assertNotIn('316L',text);self.assertNotIn('stainless',text);self.assertNotIn('locator',text);self.assertIn('thermal_transport_library.json',text)
+        privileged_public=call(e,'acquisition.result');self.assertNotIn('locator',json.dumps(privileged_public));self.assertNotIn('316L',json.dumps(privileged_public));self.assertEqual(privileged_public['result']['template_source'],a.poll(op)['result']['template_source'])
+        full=call(e,'provenance.read',request_id='provenance1');self.assertIn('locator',json.dumps(full));self.assertIn('316',json.dumps(full));self.assertEqual(full['result']['reference_id'],'stainless_steel_316l_hotdisk')
+        denied=call(a,'provenance.read',request_id='provenance2');self.assertEqual(denied['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertNotIn('locator',json.dumps(denied))
+        self.assertEqual(call(a,'acquisition.result',request_id='read1')['result']['template_source'],a.poll(op)['result']['template_source'])
+    def test_31_manufacturer_ambient_domain(self):
+        h=Checked()
+        for temperature in [283.15,313.15]:self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.invoke,'plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,ambient_k=temperature));self.assertIsNone(h.plant)
+    def test_32_sixty_hz_clock_and_sampling(self):
+        whole=make();frames=make();whole.invoke('acquisition.start');frames.invoke('acquisition.start');whole.step(1.5)
+        before=frames.time_ns
+        for _ in range(90):frames.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(frames.time_ns-before,1500000000);self.assertEqual(frames.time_ns,whole.time_ns)
+        self.assertEqual(frames.rows,whole.rows);self.assertEqual(frames.fit,whole.fit);self.assertEqual(frames.phase,'succeeded')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(frames._heat_input,whole._heat_input,13);self.assertLess(abs(frames._clock_remainder_ns),1e-6)
+    def test_33_subnanosecond_accumulation(self):
+        h=Checked()
+        for _ in range(1000):h.step(1e-12)
+        self.assertEqual(h.time_ns,1);self.assertLess(abs(h._clock_remainder_ns),1e-12)
+        before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);h.step(0.);self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+    def test_34_sixty_hz_long_clock_no_drift(self):
+        h=Checked()
+        for _ in range(3600):h.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(h.time_ns,60000000000);self.assertLess(abs(h._clock_remainder_ns),.00001)
+    def test_35_bridge_evaluator_dispatch_public_is_safe(self):
+        h=make();_,e,_=sessions(h);operation=call(e,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.step(1.5)
+        for public in [call(e,'acquisition.result',request_id='measure'),e.poll(operation)]:
+            serialized=json.dumps(public);self.assertNotIn('316L',serialized);self.assertNotIn('stainless',serialized);self.assertNotIn('locator',serialized);self.assertIn('thermal_transport_library.json',serialized)
+        provenance=call(e,'provenance.read',request_id='sources');self.assertEqual(provenance['result']['reference_id'],'stainless_steel_316l_hotdisk');self.assertEqual(provenance['result']['operation_id'],operation)
+        self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(provenance['result'],r.CAPS['provenance.read']['output_schema']),[])
+    def test_36_missing_geometry_interlocks(self):
+        h=Checked();before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'PRECONDITION_FAILED',h.invoke,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('probe.configure',**r.PROBE_EXAMPLE);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'SAMPLE_GEOMETRY',h.invoke,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,diameter_m=.003));self.assertEqual(h.__dict__,before)
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_ika_c6000.py b/tests/test_asset_ika_c6000.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c406be46bc5a152a2a8d485abbb25fce35da778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_ika_c6000.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1099 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-150 ika_c6000: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_ika_c6000.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged,
+two instances are isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (energy, water, oxygen), real return values validated
+against the declared schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation remnants; plus the
+instrument behaviour documented by IKA (power-up sequence, working modes vs. cooling water, measurement sequence, 1 g benzoic acid
+about 3 K, 4 / 6 measurements per hour, reproducibility, error codes, evaluation with acid corrections and Hu).
+"""
+import copy
+import math
+import statistics
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "scripts"))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts"))
+from asset_runtime import ika_c6000 as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE = [], {}
+_META = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_ika_c6000_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.IkaC6000Runtime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (read does not advance time)."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if after[k] != before[k]} - set(rt.CAPS[capability_id]['effects'])
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.IkaC6000Runtime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+RFID = 'C6012-0001'
+THREAD = [dict(aid_name='IKA cotton wool thread', mass_kg=None)]
+
+
+def powered(mode='isoperibol_25', seed=1, warm=3600.0, reference=26434.0e3, **plant):
+    h = rt.IkaC6000Runtime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(rt.SOFTWARE_LOAD_S + rt.SYSTEM_TEST_S + 60.0)
+    if mode in h._available_modes() and h.state == 'wait':
+        h.invoke('mode.set', mode=mode)
+        h.step(rt.MODE_TEST_S + 1.0)                                  # manual 11.4: a mode change runs a system test
+    # the benzoic acid in the library is NIST SRM 39j: enter its certificate value (the factory setting is 26461 J/g)
+    h.invoke('settings.configure', o2_flush=False, auto_vessel_detection=True, reference_value_j_kg=reference)
+    h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid=RFID)
+    h.invoke('vessel.register', name='V1', serial_number='0012345678', previous_ignitions=0, platinum_wire=False)
+    h.step(warm)
+    return h
+
+
+def start(h, sub='benzoic_acid', m=1.0e-3, form='pellet', kind='calibration', hang=True, aids=None, vaids=None, prepare=True):
+    mid = h.invoke('measurement.create', name='run', sample_mass_kg=m, kind=kind, vessel_name=None, aids=aids or THREAD)['measurement_id']
+    if prepare:
+        bal = h.invoke('vessel.prepare', rfid=RFID, sample=dict(substance_id=sub, mass_kg=m, form=form) if sub else None, aids=vaids or [], absorption_water_kg=0.0)
+        if bal['balance_sample_kg']:
+            h.records[mid]['sample_mass_kg'] = bal['balance_sample_kg']
+    op = h.invoke('measurement.start', measurement_id=mid)['operation_id']
+    h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid=RFID)
+    if hang:
+        h.invoke('vessel.hang', rfid=RFID)
+    h.invoke('measurement.confirm')
+    return mid, op
+
+
+def finish(h, limit=4000.0, dt=1.0):
+    t = h.time_s
+    while h.run is not None and h.time_s - t < limit:
+        h.step(dt)
+    return h.time_s - t
+
+
+def take_out(h):
+    if h.error:
+        h.invoke('error.acknowledge')
+    if h.hung:
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+    h.invoke('vessel.clean', rfid=RFID)
+
+
+def calibrate(h, n=3, mode=None):
+    ids = []
+    for _ in range(n):
+        mid, _ = start(h)
+        finish(h)
+        ids.append(mid)
+        take_out(h)
+    return ids, h.invoke('vessel.select_calibrations', vessel_name='V1', mode=mode or h.mode, measurement_ids=ids)
+
+
+def snapshot(h):
+    keep = {k: copy.deepcopy(v) for k, v in h.__dict__.items() if k not in ('rng', 'led', '_requests', 'revision')}
+    keep['led'] = {k: v.value for k, v in h.led.items()}
+    return keep
+
+
+class IkaC6000RuntimeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ identity, library, metadata
+    def test01_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, "instrument.ika_c6000")
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, "CHEM-150")
+
+    def test02_library_has_at_least_50_real_substances(self):
+        lib = rt.library()
+        subs = list(lib['by_id'].values())
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(subs), 50)
+        for s in subs:
+            self.assertIn(s['evidence'], ('derived', 'measured_literature'))
+            self.assertTrue(s['source']['file'] and s['source']['sha256'])
+            self.assertTrue(3000.0 < s['gross_calorific_value_J_g'] < 50000.0)
+        self.assertEqual(lib['by_id']['benzoic_acid']['certified_calorific_value']['value_J_g'], 26434.0)
+
+    def test03_metadata_complete_and_schemas_lint_clean(self):
+        meta = rt.export_ika_c6000_contract_metadata()
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertTrue(c['source_ids'], k)
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertIn(e['code'], rt.ERROR_ZH, k)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']), [], k)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema']), [], k)
+            if c['availability'] == 'implemented':
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+            self.assertFalse(s['origin'] == 'process_truth' and s['visibility'] == 'agent', k)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ purity, set points, preconditions
+    def test04_step_rejects_negative_and_read_is_pure(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.step(-1.0)
+        t, rev = h.time_s, h.revision
+        a = h.read('evaluator')
+        b = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual((h.time_s, h.revision), (t, rev))
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        d1 = h.session('ag').describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertEqual((h.time_s, h.revision), (t, rev))
+        self.assertTrue(d1['capabilities'])
+
+    def test05_rejected_call_leaves_state_unchanged(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        before = snapshot(h)
+        for cap, args, code in (('mode.set', dict(mode='isoperibol_30'), 'RUN_MODE_NOT_POSSIBLE'), ('plant.configure', dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, cooling_pressure_pa=2.0e5),
+                                'COOLING_PRESSURE_TOO_HIGH'), ('vessel.register', dict(name='V1', serial_number='0012345678', previous_ignitions=0, platinum_wire=False),
+                                'VESSEL_ALREADY_REGISTERED'), ('measurement.start', dict(measurement_id='m-99'), 'UNKNOWN_MEASUREMENT'),
+                               ('aid.define', dict(list_no=1, name='IKA cotton wool thread', specific_energy_j_kg=None, absolute_energy_j=60.0), 'AID_FIXED'),
+                               ('aid.define', dict(list_no=2, name='x', specific_energy_j_kg=1e7, absolute_energy_j=60.0), 'INVALID_ARGUMENT')):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                h.invoke(cap, **args)
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), code)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h), before)
+
+    def test06_mode_set_writes_the_target_only(self):
+        h = powered(warm=1800.0, cooling_water_k=293.15)          # 20 C cooling water: both 22 C and 25 C modes are offered
+        self.assertIn('isoperibol_22', h._available_modes())
+        tj = h.Tj
+        out = h.invoke('mode.set', mode='isoperibol_22')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['jacket_setpoint_k'], 295.15)
+        self.assertEqual(h.Tj, tj)                                  # no instantaneous temperature change
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.Tj - 295.15), 0.01)
+
+    def test07_power_up_sequence_opens_cover_and_runs_system_test(self):
+        h = rt.IkaC6000Runtime()
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        self.assertEqual(h.lift, 0.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'booting')
+        h.step(rt.SOFTWARE_LOAD_S)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'system_test')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.lift, 0.0)
+        h.step(rt.SYSTEM_TEST_S)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'wait')
+        self.assertEqual(h.test_result, 'yellow')                  # preset Isoperibol 22 C does not fit 21.5 C cooling water
+        self.assertEqual(h.lift, rt.LIFT_TRAVEL_M)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('measurement.start', measurement_id=h.invoke('measurement.create', name='a', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='calibration',
+                                                                  vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD)['measurement_id'])
+        h.invoke('mode.set', mode='dynamic_25')
+        self.assertEqual((h.state, h.test_result), ('system_test', None))   # manual 11.4: the mode change runs a system test
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('vessel.register', name='V1', serial_number='0012345678', previous_ignitions=0, platinum_wire=False)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'NOT_READY')
+        h.step(rt.MODE_TEST_S)
+        self.assertEqual((h.state, h.test_result), ('wait', 'green'))
+
+    def test08_system_test_red_and_flow_errors(self):
+        for plant, err in ((dict(cooling_water_k=303.15), 'SYSTEM_TEST_RED'), (dict(cooling_flow_m3_s=1e-6), 'E32'), (dict(cooling_pressure_pa=0.1e5), 'E31')):
+            h = rt.IkaC6000Runtime()
+            h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, **plant))
+            h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+            h.step(400.0)
+            self.assertEqual((h.state, h.error), ('error', err))
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke('cover.close')
+
+    def test09_working_modes_follow_the_cooling_water_table(self):
+        h = rt.IkaC6000Runtime()
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        for t5, src, modes in ((289.15, 'tap_water', {22}), (289.15, 'chiller', set()), (291.15, 'chiller', {22}), (294.65, 'tap_water', {25}),
+                               (298.15, 'tap_water', {30}), (293.15, 'tap_water', {22, 25}), (300.65, 'tap_water', set())):
+            h.plant.update(cooling_water_k=t5, cooling_source=src)
+            self.assertEqual({rt.mode_parts(m)[1] for m in h._available_modes()}, modes, (t5, src))
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ measurement sequence and physics
+    def test10_calibration_sequence_phases_and_throughput(self):
+        h = powered()
+        mid, op = start(h)
+        seen = []
+        t0 = h.time_s
+        while h.run is not None:
+            h.step(1.0)
+            if h.run and (not seen or seen[-1] != h.run['phase']):
+                seen.append(h.run['phase'])
+        cycle = h.time_s - t0
+        self.assertEqual(seen, ['closing', 'filling', 'fill_check', 'o2_filling', 'equalising', 'pre_trial', 'main_trial', 'after_trial', 'degassing', 'draining', 'opening'])
+        rec = h.records[mid]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertTrue(2.9 < rec['delta_t_k'] < 3.2)                # manual: approx. 1 g benzoic acid = 3 K
+        self.assertTrue(8000.0 < rec['c_value_j_k'] < 9000.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(3600.0 / cycle - 4.0), 0.5)             # data sheet: 4 measurements per hour (isoperibol)
+        self.assertEqual((h.lift, h.water_kg, h.vessels[RFID]['state']), (rt.LIFT_TRAVEL_M, 0.0, 'burned_degassed'))
+        self.assertTrue(40000.0 / rec['c_value_j_k'] < 5.0)          # manual: 40 000 J approx. 5 K
+
+    def test11_dynamic_mode_is_faster(self):
+        h = powered('dynamic_25')
+        mid, _ = start(h)
+        cycle = finish(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[mid]['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertLess(abs(3600.0 / cycle - 6.0), 0.8)             # data sheet: 6 measurements per hour (dynamic)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.records[mid]['main_end_time_s'] - h.records[mid]['ignition_time_s'], rt.MAIN_MIN_S['dynamic'])
+        self.assertIsNone(h.records[mid]['main_end_time_s'] and None)
+
+    def test12_reproducibility_matches_the_data_sheet_ordering(self):
+        rsd = {}
+        for mode in ('isoperibol_25', 'dynamic_25'):
+            h = powered(mode)
+            cs = []
+            for _ in range(8):
+                mid, _ = start(h)
+                finish(h)
+                cs.append(h.records[mid]['c_value_j_k'])
+                take_out(h)
+            rsd[mode] = statistics.stdev(cs) / statistics.mean(cs)
+        self.assertLess(rsd['isoperibol_25'], 0.0005)                # 0.05 % RSD (1 g benzoic acid)
+        self.assertLess(rsd['dynamic_25'], 0.0015)                   # 0.15 % RSD
+        self.assertGreater(rsd['dynamic_25'], rsd['isoperibol_25'])
+
+    def test13_measurement_recovers_library_values_after_calibration(self):
+        h = powered()
+        calibrate(h, 3)
+        for sub, m in (('naphthalene', 0.65e-3), ('sucrose', 1.6e-3), ('polymer_pe', 0.55e-3)):
+            mid, _ = start(h, sub=sub, m=m, kind='measurement')
+            finish(h)
+            take_out(h)
+            ref = rt._lib()['by_id'][sub]['gross_calorific_value_J_g'] * 1000.0
+            self.assertLess(abs(h.records[mid]['gross_calorific_value_j_kg'] / ref - 1.0), 0.001, sub)
+
+    def test14_acid_corrections_and_net_value(self):
+        h = powered()
+        calibrate(h, 2)
+        for sub, m in (('urea', 2.0e-3), ('thianthrene', 0.8e-3)):
+            mid, _ = start(h, sub=sub, m=m, kind='measurement')
+            finish(h)
+            h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+            tit = h.invoke('washings.titrate', rfid=RFID)
+            lib = rt._lib()['by_id'][sub]
+            ev = h.invoke('measurement.evaluate', measurement_id=mid, sulfur_mass_fraction=lib['mass_fraction']['S'], total_acid_mol=tit['total_acid_mol'],
+                          hydrogen_mass_fraction=lib['mass_fraction']['H'], moisture_mass_fraction=0.0)
+            ref = lib['gross_calorific_value_J_g'] * 1000.0
+            self.assertGreater(ev['gross_uncorrected_j_kg'], ref * 1.01, sub)          # acids add heat
+            self.assertLess(abs(ev['gross_calorific_value_j_kg'] / ref - 1.0), 0.003, sub)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(ev['net_calorific_value_j_kg'], ev['gross_calorific_value_j_kg'] - rt.h_vap_water_j_kg() * rt.water_per_hydrogen() * lib['mass_fraction']['H'],
+                                   delta=1e-6)
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke('washings.titrate', rfid=RFID)
+            h.invoke('vessel.clean', rfid=RFID)
+
+    def test15_incomplete_combustion_and_volatile_losses(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('settings.configure', o2_flush=True, auto_vessel_detection=True, reference_value_j_kg=26434.0e3)
+        calibrate(h, 2)
+        mid, _ = start(h, form='powder', kind='measurement')          # loose benzoic acid sprays (manual 6.3)
+        finish(h)
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('vessel.inspect', rfid=RFID)['residue'], 'soot')
+        self.assertLess(h.records[mid]['gross_calorific_value_j_kg'], 0.995 * 26434.0e3)
+        h.invoke('vessel.clean', rfid=RFID)
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub='pentane', m=0.5e-3, form='liquid', kind='measurement')
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.vessels[RFID]['vapour_lost_kg'], 0.5e-3, places=12)   # two flush vents (manual 11.4.2) carry all the vapour away
+        self.assertEqual((h.records[mid]['status'], h.records[mid]['error_code']), ('failed', 'E04'))   # only the thread burns: no rise
+        take_out(h)
+        h.invoke('aid.define', list_no=2, name='Gelatine capsule C 9', specific_energy_j_kg=rt.AIDS['gelatine_capsule'], absolute_energy_j=None)
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub='pentane', m=0.5e-3, form='capsule', kind='measurement', aids=THREAD + [dict(aid_name='Gelatine capsule C 9', mass_kg=0.12e-3)],
+                       vaids=[dict(kind='gelatine_capsule', mass_kg=0.12e-3)])
+        finish(h)
+        take_out(h)
+        ref = rt._lib()['by_id']['pentane']['gross_calorific_value_J_g'] * 1000.0
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.records[mid]['gross_calorific_value_j_kg'] / ref - 1.0), 0.002)
+
+    def test16_low_oxygen_pressure_gives_incomplete_combustion(self):
+        h = powered()
+        calibrate(h, 2)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, oxygen_supply_pa=1.2e6))
+        mid, _ = start(h, kind='measurement')
+        finish(h)
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+        self.assertIn(h.invoke('vessel.inspect', rfid=RFID)['residue'], ('soot', 'unburnt_sample'))
+        self.assertLess(h.records[mid]['gross_calorific_value_j_kg'], 0.9 * 26434.0e3)
+
+    def test17_error_codes_E11_E04_E07(self):
+        h = powered()
+        mid, op = start(h, hang=False)
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertEqual((h.records[mid]['status'], h.records[mid]['error_code'], h.state, h.operations[op]['phase']), ('failed', 'E11', 'error', 'failed'))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('cover.close')                                  # ERROR_PENDING
+        h.invoke('error.acknowledge')
+        self.assertFalse(h.records[mid]['ignited'])
+        h.invoke('vessel.clean', rfid=RFID)
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub=None)
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertEqual((h.records[mid]['error_code'], h.records[mid]['ignited']), ('E04', True))
+        take_out(h)
+        mid, _ = start(h)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, cooling_water_k=299.15))   # cooling water warmer than the start temperature
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[mid]['error_code'], 'E07')
+        self.assertFalse(h.records[mid]['ignited'])
+
+    def test18_cancel_before_and_after_ignition(self):
+        h = powered()
+        mid, op = start(h)
+        h.step(100.0)
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        h._owners[op] = 'ag'
+        h._owners[mid] = 'ag'
+        s = h.session('ag')
+        r = s.cancel(op, 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertEqual((h.records[mid]['status'], h.operations[op]['phase']), ('cancelled_before_ignition', 'cancelled'))
+        self.assertEqual((h.lift, h.water_kg, h.vessels[RFID]['state']), (rt.LIFT_TRAVEL_M, 0.0, 'prepared'))
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+        op2 = h.invoke('measurement.start', measurement_id=mid)['operation_id']      # restartable
+        h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid=RFID)
+        h.invoke('vessel.hang', rfid=RFID)
+        h.invoke('measurement.confirm')
+        while h.run['phase'] != 'main_trial':
+            h.step(1.0)
+        h._cancel_run(h.operations[op2])
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertEqual((h.records[mid]['status'], h.records[mid]['ignited']), ('cancelled_after_ignition', True))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('measurement.start', measurement_id=mid)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'NOT_STARTABLE')
+
+    def test19_power_loss_mid_run_and_degas(self):
+        h = powered()
+        mid, op = start(h)
+        while h.run['phase'] != 'equalising':
+            h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual((h.records.get(mid, {}).get('status', 'lost'), h.operations[op]['phase']), ('lost', 'failed'))
+        self.assertEqual(h.vessels[RFID]['state'], 'pressurized')
+        self.assertGreater(h.water_kg, 1.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(400.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('vessel.remove')                                 # VESSEL_PRESSURIZED
+        h.invoke('maintenance.run', program='o2_degas')
+        h.invoke('maintenance.run', program='empty_water')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.vessels[RFID]['state'], h.water_kg), ('prepared', 0.0))
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+
+    def test20_shutdown_saves_records_power_off_without_it_loses_them(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        h.invoke('measurement.create', name='a', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD)
+        h.invoke('system.shutdown')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.lift, 0.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.records), 1)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(400.0)
+        h.invoke('measurement.create', name='b', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.records), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(h.events[-2]['code'], 'DATA_LOST')
+
+    def test21_calibration_statistics_formulas(self):
+        h = powered()
+        ids, st = calibrate(h, 4)
+        cs = [h.records[m]['c_value_j_k'] for m in ids]
+        mean, sd = statistics.mean(cs), statistics.stdev(cs)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['c_value_j_k'], mean)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['rsd'], sd / mean)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['ucl_j_k'], mean + 3 * sd / 2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['lwl_j_k'], mean - 2 * sd / 2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('vessel.statistics', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode), st)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('vessel.select_calibrations', vessel_name='V1', mode='dynamic_25', measurement_ids=ids)   # CALIBRATION_MISMATCH
+
+    def test22_simulation_recomputes_without_changing_records(self):
+        h = powered()
+        ids, st = calibrate(h, 2)
+        rec = copy.deepcopy(h.records[ids[0]])
+        out = h.invoke('measurement.simulate', measurement_id=ids[0], delta_t_k=3.0, ignition_energy_j=30.0, c_value_j_k=None, reference_value_j_kg=26000.0e3)
+        q = 30.0 + 50.0
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['c_value_j_k'], (26000.0e3 * rec['sample_mass_kg'] + q) / 3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[ids[0]], rec)
+
+    def test23_energy_limit_and_rise_flags(self):
+        h = powered()
+        calibrate(h, 2)
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub='polymer_pe', m=0.9e-3, kind='measurement')         # ~43 kJ
+        finish(h)
+        take_out(h)
+        self.assertIn('energy_above_40kJ', h.records[mid]['quality_flags'])
+        self.assertTrue(h.vessels[RFID]['inspection_required'])
+        self.assertIn('ENERGY_ABOVE_40KJ', [e['code'] for e in h.events])
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub='benzoic_acid', m=0.3e-3, kind='measurement')
+        finish(h)
+        take_out(h)
+        self.assertIn('rise_far_from_calibration', h.records[mid]['quality_flags'])
+
+    def test24_ledgers_close(self):
+        h = powered()
+        calibrate(h, 2)
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub='urea', m=1.5e-3, kind='measurement')
+        h.step(500.0)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['energy_residual_j']), 1e-5 * (led['jacket_heater_j'] + led['sample_j']))
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['water_residual_kg']), 1e-12)
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['o2_residual_mol']), 1e-12)
+        finish(h)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['energy_residual_j']), 1e-5 * (led['jacket_heater_j'] + led['sample_j']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['water_in_vessel_kg'], 0.0)
+
+    def test25_host_step_size_independence(self):
+        res = []
+        for dt in (1.0, 7.3):
+            h = powered(seed=5)
+            mid, _ = start(h)
+            finish(h, dt=dt)
+            res.append(h.records[mid]['c_value_j_k'])
+        self.assertEqual(res[0], res[1])
+
+    def test26_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = powered(seed=2, warm=10.0), powered(seed=2, warm=10.0)
+        mid, _ = start(a)
+        a.step(300.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(b.run)
+        self.assertEqual(b.vessels[RFID]['state'], 'clean')
+        self.assertNotEqual(a.time_s, b.time_s)
+        self.assertEqual(b.records, {})
+
+    def test27_agent_truth_isolation_and_roles(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        ag, ev = h.session('ag'), h.session('ev')
+        obs = ag.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.') or k in ('lift.position_m', 'stirrer.angle_rad')])
+        self.assertIn('truth.water_k', ev.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            ag.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['truth.c_total_j_k'])
+        for cap, args in (('vessel.prepare', rt.PREPARE_EXAMPLE), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)), ('ledger.read', {}), ('plant.configure', rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)):
+            r = ag.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x-' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('rejected', 'ACCESS_DENIED'), cap)
+        d = ag.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertNotIn('ledger.read', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.water_k', d['state_slots'])
+
+    def test28_request_binding_and_foreign_agents(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        for p in ('a1', 'a2'):
+            h.register_principal(p, 'agent')
+        a1, a2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        args = dict(name='x', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD)
+        r1 = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.create', arguments=args, request_id='r1')
+        self.assertEqual(a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.create', arguments=args, request_id='r1'), r1)
+        r = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.create', arguments=dict(args, name='y'), request_id='r1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        mid = r1['result']['measurement_id']
+        h.invoke('vessel.prepare', **rt.PREPARE_EXAMPLE)
+        st = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.start', arguments=dict(measurement_id=mid), request_id='s1')
+        self.assertEqual(st['status'], 'accepted')
+        for cap, a in (('measurement.confirm', {}), ('cover.close', {}), ('measurement.result', dict(measurement_id=mid)), ('vessel.scan', dict(rfid=RFID))):
+            r = a2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=cap, arguments=a, request_id='f-' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', cap)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            a2.cancel(st['operation_id'], 'c2')
+        self.assertTrue(a2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['measurement.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(a2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['measurement.id']['value'])
+        lst = a2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='archive.list', arguments={}, request_id='l2')['result']['measurements']
+        self.assertEqual(lst, [])
+        self.assertEqual(a1.poll(st['operation_id'])['status'], 'running')
+
+    def test29_return_values_validate_against_declared_schemas(self):
+        h = powered()
+        meta = rt.export_ika_c6000_contract_metadata()['capabilities']
+        ids, st = calibrate(h, 2)
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub='urea', m=1.5e-3, kind='measurement')
+        finish(h)
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+        outs = dict(stats=('vessel.statistics', dict(vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode)), res=('measurement.result', dict(measurement_id=mid)),
+                    tit=('washings.titrate', dict(rfid=RFID)), insp=('vessel.inspect', dict(rfid=RFID)), arch=('archive.list', {}), ev=('events.read', dict(since_s=0.0)),
+                    led=('ledger.read', {}), prov=('provenance.read', {}), sim=('measurement.simulate', dict(measurement_id=mid, delta_t_k=3.0, ignition_energy_j=30.0,
+                                                                                                                  c_value_j_k=None, reference_value_j_kg=None)),
+                    evl=('measurement.evaluate', dict(measurement_id=mid, sulfur_mass_fraction=0.0, total_acid_mol=0.002, hydrogen_mass_fraction=0.067,
+                                                      moisture_mass_fraction=0.0)), mnt=('maintenance.run', dict(program='flow_outer')))
+        for key, (cap, args) in outs.items():
+            val = h.invoke(cap, **args)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(val, meta[cap]['output_schema']), [], cap)
+        values = h.read('evaluator')
+        slots = rt.export_ika_c6000_contract_metadata()['state_slots']
+        for k, v in values.items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(v, slots[k]['value_schema']), [], k)
+
+    def test30_unsupported_capabilities_return_unsupported(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        before = snapshot(h)
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = h.session('ag').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+        self.assertIn('mode.adiabatic', rt.UNSUPPORTED)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h), before)
+
+    def test31_lift_and_stirrer_mirrors(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        h.invoke('cover.close')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.lift, rt.LIFT_TRAVEL_M - 5 * rt.LIFT_SPEED_M_S, places=9)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['cover.state'], 'closed')
+        h.invoke('maintenance.run', program='fill_water')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        out = h.invoke('maintenance.run', program='stirrer')
+        self.assertTrue(out['running'] and out['stirrer_rpm'] == rt.STIRRER_RPM and out['flow_m3_s'] is None)
+        a0 = h.stir_angle
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((h.stir_angle - a0) % (2 * math.pi), 2 * math.pi * rt.STIRRER_RPM / 60.0 % (2 * math.pi), places=9)
+        self.assertTrue(0.0 <= h.stir_angle < rt.STIRRER_JOINT_MAX_RAD)
+        h.invoke('maintenance.run', program='stirrer')
+        h.invoke('maintenance.run', program='empty_water')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.water_kg, 0.0)
+
+    def test32_readings_resolution_and_power_off(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        t1 = h.read()['inner.indicated_k']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t1 / rt.RESOLUTION_K, round(t1 / rt.RESOLUTION_K), places=6)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['inner.indicated_k'])
+
+    def test33_vessel_registry_limits_and_pressure_test_warning(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        for i in range(2, 5):
+            h.invoke('vessel.provide', rfid=f'X{i}', model='C 6010')
+            h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid=f'X{i}')
+            h.invoke('vessel.register', name=f'V{i}', serial_number=f'00000000{i:02d}', previous_ignitions=0, platinum_wire=False)
+        h.invoke('vessel.provide', rfid='X5', model='C 6010')
+        h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid='X5')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('vessel.register', name='V5', serial_number='0000000005', previous_ignitions=0, platinum_wire=False)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'TOO_MANY_VESSELS')
+        h2 = rt.IkaC6000Runtime()
+        h2.invoke('plant.configure', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        h2.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h2.step(400.0)
+        h2.invoke('mode.set', mode='isoperibol_25')
+        h2.step(rt.MODE_TEST_S + 1.0)
+        h2.invoke('settings.configure', o2_flush=False, auto_vessel_detection=True, reference_value_j_kg=26434.0e3)
+        h2.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid=RFID)
+        h2.invoke('vessel.register', name='V1', serial_number='0012345678', previous_ignitions=999, platinum_wire=False)
+        h2.step(3600.0)
+        mid, _ = start(h2)
+        finish(h2)
+        self.assertIn('PRESSURE_TEST_DUE', [e['code'] for e in h2.events])
+        self.assertIn('pressure_test_due', h2.records[mid]['quality_flags'])
+
+    def test34_create_and_confirm_preconditions(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('measurement.create', name='a', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None, aids=[dict(aid_name='IKA cotton wool thread', mass_kg=1e-4)])
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'AID_MASS_MISMATCH')
+        mid = h.invoke('measurement.create', name='a', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='measurement', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD)['measurement_id']
+        h.invoke('vessel.prepare', **rt.PREPARE_EXAMPLE)
+        h.invoke('measurement.start', measurement_id=mid)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('measurement.confirm')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'VESSEL_NOT_SCANNED')
+        h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid=RFID)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('measurement.confirm')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'C_VALUE_REQUIRED')     # a measurement needs the vessel's C-value in this mode
+
+    def test35_prepare_rules(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('vessel.prepare', rfid=RFID, sample=dict(substance_id='chloroform', mass_kg=1e-3, form='liquid'), aids=[], absorption_water_kg=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'UNKNOWN_SUBSTANCE')    # halogen samples are not modelled
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('vessel.prepare', rfid=RFID, sample=dict(substance_id='ethanol', mass_kg=1e-3, form='pellet'), aids=[], absorption_water_kg=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'FORM_NOT_POSSIBLE')
+        h.invoke('vessel.prepare', **rt.PREPARE_EXAMPLE)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('vessel.prepare', **rt.PREPARE_EXAMPLE)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'VESSEL_NOT_CLEAN')
+
+    def test37_key_toggle_cover_open_sim_step_and_manual_c_value(self):
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('power.toggle'), dict(enabled=False))
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'off')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('power.toggle'), dict(enabled=True))
+        t = h.time_s
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=400.0)['time_s'], t + 400.0)
+        h.invoke('cover.close')
+        h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['cover.state'], 'closed')
+        h.invoke('cover.open')
+        h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['cover.state'], 'open')
+        h.invoke('vessel.set_c_value', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode, c_value_j_k=8650.0)
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub='naphthalene', m=0.65e-3, kind='measurement')
+        finish(h)
+        rec = h.records[mid]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['c_value_j_k']), ('completed', 8650.0))
+        self.assertIn('manual_c_value', rec['quality_flags'])
+
+    def test36_benzoic_condition_factor(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.benzoic_condition_factor(3.0e6, 0.3e-3, 0.3e-3, 0.1e-3, 298.15), 1.0, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.benzoic_condition_factor(3.1e6, 1.0e-3, 0.0, 0.22e-3, 298.15),
+                               1 + 1e-6 * (200 * 0.1 + 42 * (1 / 0.22 - 3) + 30 * (0 - 3)), places=12)
+
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ independent runtime review round 1 (F01-F17)
+    def test38_power_loss_after_ignition_keeps_the_vessel_pressurized(self):
+        h = powered()
+        mid, op = start(h)
+        while h.run['phase'] != 'main_trial':
+            h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        v = h.vessels[RFID]
+        self.assertEqual(v['state'], 'burned')
+        self.assertGreater(h._vessel_pressure(v), 2.0e6)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.SOFTWARE_LOAD_S + rt.SYSTEM_TEST_S + 60.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'VESSEL_PRESSURIZED')
+        h.invoke('maintenance.run', program='o2_degas')
+        self.assertEqual(h.vessels[RFID]['state'], 'burned_degassed')
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+        h.invoke('vessel.inspect', rfid=RFID)
+        h.invoke('washings.titrate', rfid=RFID)
+        h.invoke('vessel.clean', rfid=RFID)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['o2_residual_mol']), 1e-12)
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['energy_residual_j']), 1e-6 * (led['jacket_heater_j'] + led['sample_j']))
+
+    def test39_thread_and_aids_need_oxygen_too(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('aid.define', list_no=2, name='Paraffin oil', specific_energy_j_kg=rt.AIDS['paraffin_oil'], absolute_energy_j=None)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, oxygen_supply_pa=1.0e5))          # no oxygen added: only the enclosed air
+        mid = h.invoke('measurement.create', name='o2', sample_mass_kg=1.0e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None,
+                       aids=THREAD + [dict(aid_name='Paraffin oil', mass_kg=0.5e-3)])['measurement_id']
+        h.invoke('vessel.prepare', rfid=RFID, sample=dict(substance_id='benzoic_acid', mass_kg=1.0e-3, form='pellet'),
+                 aids=[dict(kind='paraffin_oil', mass_kg=0.5e-3)], absorption_water_kg=0.0)
+        h.invoke('measurement.start', measurement_id=mid)
+        h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid=RFID)
+        h.invoke('vessel.hang', rfid=RFID)
+        h.invoke('measurement.confirm')
+        while h.run is not None and h.run['phase'] not in ('main_trial', 'degassing'):
+            h.step(1.0)
+        v = h.vessels[RFID]
+        led = h.ledger()
+        o2_available = led['o2_filled_mol']                              # air O2 only (plus nothing added)
+        chemical = led['thread_j'] + led['aid_j'] + led['sample_j']
+        self.assertLessEqual(chemical, o2_available * rt.Q_PER_MOL_O2 * 1.001)
+        self.assertLess(chemical, 1000.0)                                # far below the 23 kJ label value of the aid alone
+        self.assertLessEqual(v['gas']['CO2'], led['o2_consumed_mol'] + 1e-15)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(v['gas']['O2'], -1e-15)
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.ledger()['o2_residual_mol']), 1e-12)
+
+    def test40_acid_corrected_calibrations_make_evaluation_consistent(self):
+        h = powered()
+        ids, acids = [], []
+        for _ in range(3):
+            mid, _ = start(h)
+            finish(h)
+            h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+            acids.append(h.invoke('washings.titrate', rfid=RFID)['total_acid_mol'])
+            h.invoke('vessel.clean', rfid=RFID)
+            ids.append(mid)
+        st0 = h.invoke('vessel.select_calibrations', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode, measurement_ids=ids)
+        for mid, acid in zip(ids, acids):
+            ev = h.invoke('measurement.evaluate', measurement_id=mid, sulfur_mass_fraction=0.0, total_acid_mol=acid, hydrogen_mass_fraction=None, moisture_mass_fraction=0.0)
+            rec = h.records[mid]
+            self.assertEqual(ev['kind'], 'calibration')
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(ev['c_value_j_k'], ev['c_value_uncorrected_j_k'] + acid * rt.HNO3_J_MOL / rec['delta_t_k'], delta=1e-9)
+            self.assertEqual((rec['c_value_j_k'], rec['acid_correction_j']), (ev['c_value_j_k'], acid * rt.HNO3_J_MOL))
+        st = h.invoke('vessel.statistics', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['c_value_j_k'], statistics.mean(h.records[m]['c_value_j_k'] for m in ids), delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertGreater(st['c_value_j_k'], st0['c_value_j_k'])       # the acid heat of the calibrations is no longer lost
+        mid, _ = start(h, kind='measurement')                            # benzoic acid measured as a sample
+        finish(h)
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+        tit = h.invoke('washings.titrate', rfid=RFID)
+        ev = h.invoke('measurement.evaluate', measurement_id=mid, sulfur_mass_fraction=0.0, total_acid_mol=tit['total_acid_mol'], hydrogen_mass_fraction=None,
+                      moisture_mass_fraction=0.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(ev['gross_calorific_value_j_kg'] / 26434.0e3 - 1.0), 0.0005)   # within the documented 0.05 % RSD
+        res = h.invoke('measurement.result', measurement_id=ids[0])      # workbook output "total heat": the measured C dT
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['total_heat_j'], res['c_value_j_k'] * res['delta_t_k'], delta=1e-9)
+        rec0 = h.records[ids[0]]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['total_heat_j'], rec0['reference_value_j_kg'] * rec0['sample_mass_kg'] + rec0['q_ext_j'] + rec0['acid_correction_j'], delta=1e-6)
+
+    def test41_no_truth_or_foreign_results_in_events_and_slots(self):
+        h = powered()
+        calibrate(h, 2)
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        a1, a2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        mid = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.create', request_id='c1',
+                        arguments=dict(name='pe', sample_mass_kg=0.9e-3, kind='measurement', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD))['result']['measurement_id']
+        h.invoke('vessel.prepare', rfid=RFID, sample=dict(substance_id='polymer_pe', mass_kg=0.9e-3, form='pellet'), aids=[], absorption_water_kg=0.0)
+        a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.start', arguments=dict(measurement_id=mid), request_id='s1')
+        a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='vessel.scan', arguments=dict(rfid=RFID), request_id='sc1')
+        a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='vessel.hang', arguments=dict(rfid=RFID), request_id='h1')
+        a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.confirm', arguments={}, request_id='cf1')
+        finish(h)
+        truth = h.vessels[RFID]['last_heat_j']
+        self.assertGreater(truth, rt.MAX_ENERGY_J)
+        msgs = [e['message_zh'] for e in h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        self.assertFalse([m for m in msgs if f'{truth:.0f}' in m])       # the true heat never reaches the log
+        warn = [e for e in h.events if e['code'] == 'ENERGY_ABOVE_40KJ']
+        self.assertEqual(len(warn), 1)
+        rec = h.records[mid]
+        self.assertIn(f"{rec['c_value_j_k'] * rec['delta_t_k']:.0f}", warn[0]['message_zh'])   # the measured energy
+        r2 = a2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertIsNone(r2['result.gross_calorific_value_j_kg']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(r2['result.delta_t_k']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(a1.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.gross_calorific_value_j_kg']['value'])
+        ev2 = a2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e2')['result']['events']
+        ev1 = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e1')['result']['events']
+        own = {(e['time_s'], e['code']) for e in h.events if e['_mid'] == mid}
+        self.assertTrue(own and own <= {(e['time_s'], e['code']) for e in ev1})
+        self.assertFalse(own & {(e['time_s'], e['code']) for e in ev2})
+        self.assertFalse([e for e in ev2 if mid in e['message_zh'] or e['code'] == 'ENERGY_ABOVE_40KJ'])
+        self.assertFalse([e for e in ev1 + ev2 if '_mid' in e])
+
+    def test42_rejected_confirm_and_restart_bind_the_scanned_vessel(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('vessel.provide', rfid='X2', model='C 6010')
+        h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid='X2')
+        h.invoke('vessel.register', name='V2', serial_number='0000000002', previous_ignitions=0, platinum_wire=False)
+        h.invoke('vessel.set_c_value', vessel_name='V2', mode=h.mode, c_value_j_k=8600.0)
+        mid = h.invoke('measurement.create', name='m', sample_mass_kg=0.65e-3, kind='measurement', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD)['measurement_id']
+        h.invoke('vessel.prepare', rfid='X2', sample=dict(substance_id='naphthalene', mass_kg=0.65e-3, form='pellet'), aids=[], absorption_water_kg=0.0)
+        h.invoke('measurement.start', measurement_id=mid)
+        h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid=RFID)                                # V1 has no C-value in this mode
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('measurement.confirm')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'C_VALUE_REQUIRED')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.run['vessel_name'])                            # nothing bound by the rejected confirm
+        h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid='X2')
+        h.invoke('vessel.hang', rfid='X2')
+        h.invoke('measurement.confirm')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[mid]['vessel_name'], 'V2')
+        finish(h)
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+        h.invoke('vessel.clean', rfid='X2')
+        # automatic detection: cancel before ignition, then restart with another vessel
+        cal = h.invoke('measurement.create', name='c', sample_mass_kg=1.0e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD)['measurement_id']
+        h.invoke('vessel.prepare', **rt.PREPARE_EXAMPLE)
+        op = h.invoke('measurement.start', measurement_id=cal)['operation_id']
+        h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid=RFID)
+        h.invoke('vessel.hang', rfid=RFID)
+        h.invoke('measurement.confirm')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        h._cancel_run(h.operations[op])
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertEqual((h.records[cal]['status'], h.records[cal]['vessel_name']), ('cancelled_before_ignition', None))
+        h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+        h.invoke('vessel.prepare', rfid='X2', sample=dict(substance_id='benzoic_acid', mass_kg=1.0e-3, form='pellet'), aids=[], absorption_water_kg=0.0)
+        h.invoke('measurement.start', measurement_id=cal)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.run['vessel_name'])                            # waits for a new scan
+        h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid='X2')
+        h.invoke('vessel.hang', rfid='X2')
+        h.invoke('measurement.confirm')
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertEqual((h.records[cal]['status'], h.records[cal]['vessel_name']), ('completed', 'V2'))
+        self.assertEqual((h.registry['V1']['ignitions'], h.registry['V2']['ignitions']), (0, 2))
+
+    def test43_records_can_be_deleted(self):
+        h = powered()
+        ids, _ = calibrate(h, 2)
+        extra = h.invoke('measurement.create', name='x', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD)['measurement_id']
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('measurement.delete', measurement_ids=[ids[0]])
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'RECORD_IN_USE')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('measurement.delete', measurement_ids=[extra]), dict(deleted=[extra]))
+        self.assertNotIn(extra, h.records)
+        mid, _ = start(h)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('measurement.delete', measurement_ids=[mid])
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'MEASUREMENT_RUNNING')
+        finish(h)
+        take_out(h)
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        own = h.session('a1').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.create', request_id='c',
+                                     arguments=dict(name='o', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD))['result']['measurement_id']
+        r = h.session('a2').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.delete', arguments=dict(measurement_ids=[own]), request_id='d2')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = h.session('a1').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.delete', arguments=dict(measurement_ids=[own]), request_id='d1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test44_immersion_is_latched_on_the_instrument_cycle(self):
+        res = []
+        for dt in (1.0, 0.3, 0.7):
+            h = powered(seed=5)
+            h.invoke('maintenance.run', program='fill_water')           # water already in the inner vessel while the cover closes
+            h.step(60.0)
+            mid, _ = start(h)
+            finish(h, dt=dt)
+            res.append(h.records[mid]['c_value_j_k'])
+        self.assertEqual(res[0], res[1])
+        self.assertEqual(res[0], res[2])
+
+    def test45_cancel_refused_during_the_end_sequence(self):
+        h = powered()
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('ag')
+        for sub, final, code in (('benzoic_acid', 'completed', None), (None, 'failed', 'E04')):
+            mid, op = start(h, sub=sub)
+            h._owners[op] = 'ag'
+            while h.run['phase'] != 'degassing':
+                h.step(1.0)
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                s.cancel(op, 'c-' + str(sub))
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'NOT_CANCELLABLE')
+            finish(h)
+            self.assertEqual((h.records[mid]['status'], h.records[mid]['error_code']), (final, code))
+            self.assertEqual(h.error, code)
+            take_out(h)
+
+    def test46_power_loss_restores_saved_records_and_rebuilds_c_values(self):
+        h = powered()
+        ids, st = calibrate(h, 2)
+        waiting = h.invoke('measurement.create', name='w', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD)['measurement_id']
+        h.invoke('system.shutdown')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.SOFTWARE_LOAD_S + rt.SYSTEM_TEST_S + 60.0)
+        c_saved = h.registry['V1']['c'][h.mode]
+        self.assertEqual(c_saved, st['c_value_j_k'])
+        new, _ = start(h)                                                # a new, unsaved calibration
+        finish(h)
+        take_out(h)
+        h.invoke('vessel.select_calibrations', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode, measurement_ids=[ids[1], new])
+        h.invoke('measurement.delete', measurement_ids=[ids[0]])        # a saved record deleted after the shutdown
+        h.invoke('vessel.prepare', **rt.PREPARE_EXAMPLE)                 # the saved, never-run record is run now
+        h.invoke('measurement.start', measurement_id=waiting)
+        h.invoke('vessel.scan', rfid=RFID)
+        h.invoke('vessel.hang', rfid=RFID)
+        h.invoke('measurement.confirm')
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[waiting]['status'], 'completed')
+        spare = h.invoke('measurement.create', name='s', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD)['measurement_id']
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)                             # no shutdown: changes since the last save are lost
+        self.assertNotIn(new, h.records)
+        self.assertNotIn(spare, h.records)
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[waiting]['status'], 'created')        # back to the saved version
+        self.assertEqual(h.registry['V1']['calibrations'][h.mode], ids)  # the saved selection and C-value
+        self.assertEqual(h.registry['V1']['c'][h.mode], c_saved)
+
+    def test47_documented_27C_cooling_water_is_not_red(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.quantize(300.15, 0.01), 300.15)
+        h = rt.IkaC6000Runtime()
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, cooling_water_k=300.15, noise_seed=3))
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.SOFTWARE_LOAD_S + rt.SYSTEM_TEST_S + 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.test_result, h.error), ('yellow', None))    # the 30 C modes are offered, the preset 22 C is not
+        self.assertIn('isoperibol_30', h.read()['mode.available'])
+
+    def test48_absorption_water_adds_heat_capacity(self):
+        cs = {}
+        for water in (0.0, 10e-3):
+            h = powered(warm=10.0)
+            h.invoke('vessel.prepare', rfid=RFID, sample=dict(substance_id='benzoic_acid', mass_kg=1e-3, form='pellet'), aids=[], absorption_water_kg=water)
+            h.invoke('vessel.hang', rfid=RFID)
+            cs[water] = h.read('evaluator')['truth.c_total_j_k']
+            h.invoke('vessel.remove')
+            h.invoke('vessel.clean', rfid=RFID)
+            led = h.ledger()
+            self.assertLess(abs(led['energy_residual_j']), 1e-6 * max(1.0, led['jacket_heater_j']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(cs[10e-3] - cs[0.0], 10e-3 * rt.CP_WATER, places=9)
+
+    def test49_result_slots_describe_the_last_run(self):
+        h = powered()
+        calibrate(h, 1)
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertIsNotNone(v['result.c_value_j_k'])
+        self.assertIsNone(v['result.gross_calorific_value_j_kg'])
+        start(h, kind='measurement')
+        finish(h)
+        take_out(h)
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertIsNone(v['result.c_value_j_k'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(v['result.gross_calorific_value_j_kg'])
+        start(h)
+        finish(h)
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertIsNone(v['result.gross_calorific_value_j_kg'])      # after a calibration no stale Ho
+
+    def test50_metadata_matches_behaviour(self):
+        meta = rt.export_ika_c6000_contract_metadata()
+        caps, slots = meta['capabilities'], meta['state_slots']
+        step_effects = {e['state_id'] for e in caps['sim.step']['state_effects']}
+        self.assertTrue({'truth.water_k', 'lift.position_m', 'result.delta_t_k', 'measurement.phase', 'inner.indicated_k'} <= step_effects)
+        props = caps['aid.define']['input_schema']['properties']
+        self.assertEqual((props['specific_energy_j_kg']['anyOf'][0]['x-unit'] if 'anyOf' in props['specific_energy_j_kg'] else props['specific_energy_j_kg']['x-unit']), 'J/kg')
+        out = caps['maintenance.run']['output_schema']['properties']
+        self.assertNotIn('reading', out)
+        self.assertEqual(caps['vessel.register']['input_schema']['properties']['previous_ignitions']['type'], 'integer')
+        self.assertNotIn('E30', slots['system.error_code']['meaning_zh'])
+        self.assertNotIn('E26', slots['system.error_code']['meaning_zh'])
+        self.assertIn('SYSTEM_TEST_RED', slots['system.error_code']['meaning_zh'])
+        h = powered(warm=10.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('vessel.register', name='V9', serial_number='0000000009', previous_ignitions=999.7, platinum_wire=False)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        d = h.session('ag').describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        visible = set(d['state_slots'])
+        for k, c in d['capabilities'].items():
+            refs = {e['state_id'] for e in c['state_effects']} | set(c['observes']) | set(c['execution']['completion_state_ids'])
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                refs |= set(pre['state_ids'])
+            self.assertTrue(refs <= visible, (k, refs - visible))
+
+    def test51_manual_operating_details(self):
+        h = rt.IkaC6000Runtime()
+        self.assertEqual(h.settings['reference_value_j_kg'], 26461.0e3)   # manual factory setting
+        h = powered()
+        h.invoke('mode.set', mode='isoperibol_25')                         # manual 11.4: runs a system test
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:                  # manual 10.3: shutdown only from Wait
+            h.invoke('system.shutdown')
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'NOT_READY')
+        h.step(rt.MODE_TEST_S + 1.0)
+        h.invoke('settings.configure', o2_flush=True, auto_vessel_detection=True, reference_value_j_kg=26434.0e3)
+        vented0 = h.ledger()['o2_vented_mol']
+        mid, _ = start(h)
+        while h.run['phase'] != 'equalising':
+            h.step(1.0)
+        V = rt.VESSEL_VOLUME_M3['C 6012']
+        R = rt.GAS_CONSTANT * rt.T_REF
+        n_air, added = rt.P_ATM * V / R, (h.plant['oxygen_supply_pa'] - rt.P_ATM) * V / R
+        filled, keep = added * h.plant['oxygen_purity'], rt.P_ATM / h.plant['oxygen_supply_pa']
+        o2, vent = 0.2095 * n_air + filled, 0.0
+        for _ in range(2):                                                # manual 11.4.2: emptied twice before the actual filling
+            vent += o2 * (1.0 - keep)
+            o2 = o2 * keep + filled
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['o2_vented_mol'] - vented0, vent, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.vessels[RFID]['gas']['O2'], o2, delta=1e-12)
+        finish(h)
+
+    def test52_simulation_defaults_reproduce_the_record(self):
+        h = powered()
+        ids, _ = calibrate(h, 2)
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub='naphthalene', m=0.65e-3, kind='measurement')
+        finish(h)
+        take_out(h)
+        rec = h.records[mid]
+        h.invoke('vessel.set_c_value', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode, c_value_j_k=9000.0)   # today's C-value differs
+        out = h.invoke('measurement.simulate', measurement_id=mid, delta_t_k=rec['delta_t_k'], ignition_energy_j=rec['ignition_energy_j'], c_value_j_k=None,
+                       reference_value_j_kg=None)
+        self.assertEqual(out['gross_calorific_value_j_kg'], rec['gross_calorific_value_j_kg'])
+        cal = h.records[ids[0]]
+        h.invoke('settings.configure', o2_flush=False, auto_vessel_detection=True, reference_value_j_kg=26461.0e3)
+        out = h.invoke('measurement.simulate', measurement_id=ids[0], delta_t_k=cal['delta_t_k'], ignition_energy_j=cal['ignition_energy_j'], c_value_j_k=None,
+                       reference_value_j_kg=None)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['c_value_j_k'], cal['c_value_j_k'], delta=1e-9)
+
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ independent runtime review round 2 (F18-F21)
+    def test53_record_changes_need_the_owner_and_no_foreign_run(self):
+        h = powered()
+        ids, _ = calibrate(h, 2)                                         # host records (no owner)
+        for p in ('a1', 'a2'):
+            h.register_principal(p, 'agent')
+        a1, a2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        r = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.evaluate', request_id='e0',
+                      arguments=dict(measurement_id=ids[0], sulfur_mass_fraction=0.0, total_acid_mol=0.05, hydrogen_mass_fraction=None, moisture_mass_fraction=0.0))
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')             # not the agent's calibration
+        r = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.delete', arguments=dict(measurement_ids=[ids[0]]), request_id='d0')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        own = []
+        for k in range(2):                                              # a1's own calibrations, selected for V1
+            mid = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.create', request_id=f'c{k}',
+                            arguments=dict(name=f'cal{k}', sample_mass_kg=1e-3, kind='calibration', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD))['result']['measurement_id']
+            h.invoke('vessel.prepare', **rt.PREPARE_EXAMPLE)
+            a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.start', arguments=dict(measurement_id=mid), request_id=f's{k}')
+            a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='vessel.scan', arguments=dict(rfid=RFID), request_id=f'sc{k}')
+            a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='vessel.hang', arguments=dict(rfid=RFID), request_id=f'h{k}')
+            a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.confirm', arguments={}, request_id=f'cf{k}')
+            finish(h)
+            take_out(h)
+            own.append(mid)
+        a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='vessel.select_calibrations', arguments=dict(vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode, measurement_ids=own), request_id='sel')
+        c0 = h.registry['V1']['c'][h.mode]
+        mid = a2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.create', request_id='b',
+                        arguments=dict(name='b', sample_mass_kg=0.65e-3, kind='measurement', vessel_name=None, aids=THREAD))['result']['measurement_id']
+        h.invoke('vessel.prepare', rfid=RFID, sample=dict(substance_id='naphthalene', mass_kg=0.65e-3, form='pellet'), aids=[], absorption_water_kg=0.0)
+        a2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.start', arguments=dict(measurement_id=mid), request_id='bs')
+        a2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='vessel.scan', arguments=dict(rfid=RFID), request_id='bsc')
+        a2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='vessel.hang', arguments=dict(rfid=RFID), request_id='bh')
+        a2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.confirm', arguments={}, request_id='bcf')
+        h.step(200.0)
+        r = a1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.evaluate', request_id='e1',
+                      arguments=dict(measurement_id=own[0], sulfur_mass_fraction=0.0, total_acid_mol=0.05, hydrogen_mass_fraction=None, moisture_mass_fraction=0.0))
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')             # a2's measurement runs with this C-value
+        h.invoke('vessel.set_c_value', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode, c_value_j_k=10000.0)   # even the host changes it mid-run ...
+        finish(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[mid]['c_value_j_k'], c0)              # ... the run uses the C-value valid at its confirmation
+        ref = rt._lib()['by_id']['naphthalene']['gross_calorific_value_J_g'] * 1000.0
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.records[mid]['gross_calorific_value_j_kg'] / ref - 1.0), 0.003)
+
+    def test54_manual_c_value_releases_the_selected_calibrations(self):
+        h = powered()
+        ids, _ = calibrate(h, 2)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            h.invoke('measurement.delete', measurement_ids=[ids[0]])
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'RECORD_IN_USE')
+        h.invoke('vessel.set_c_value', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode, c_value_j_k=8650.0)
+        st = h.invoke('vessel.statistics', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode)
+        self.assertEqual((st['c_value_j_k'], st['n']), (8650.0, 0))
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('measurement.delete', measurement_ids=[ids[0]]), dict(deleted=[ids[0]]))
+        meta = rt.export_ika_c6000_contract_metadata()
+        self.assertIn('两次', meta['state_slots']['settings.o2_flush']['meaning_zh'])
+        self.assertTrue(any('Q_acid' in eq for eq in meta['mechanisms']['c6000_isoperibol_bomb_calorimetry']['equations']))
+
+
+    def test55_quality_flags_follow_the_c_value_basis_fixed_at_confirmation(self):
+        h = powered()
+        ids, _ = calibrate(h, 2)
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub='naphthalene', m=0.65e-3, kind='measurement')   # C from calibrations at confirmation
+        h.step(200.0)
+        h.invoke('vessel.set_c_value', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode, c_value_j_k=9500.0)   # manual C mid-run
+        finish(h)
+        take_out(h)
+        self.assertNotIn('manual_c_value', h.records[mid]['quality_flags'])
+        mid, _ = start(h, sub='benzoic_acid', m=0.3e-3, kind='measurement')   # confirmed with the manual C, no calibration basis
+        h.step(200.0)
+        h.invoke('vessel.select_calibrations', vessel_name='V1', mode=h.mode, measurement_ids=ids)
+        finish(h)
+        take_out(h)
+        rec = h.records[mid]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['c_value_j_k'], 9500.0)
+        self.assertIn('manual_c_value', rec['quality_flags'])
+        self.assertNotIn('rise_far_from_calibration', rec['quality_flags'])  # no calibrations behind the C-value it used
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_ika_plate_rctdigital.py b/tests/test_asset_ika_plate_rctdigital.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..815bdbfe535a0338bd7ad9567317d55ac4d3ad2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_ika_plate_rctdigital.py
@@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-008 ika_plate_rctdigital (IKA Plate (RCT digital) 25004601 magnetic hotplate stirrer): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_ika_plate_rctdigital.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; heating rate (6.5 K/min, 1 l water / H1500) and self-heating (+13 K) as calibrated; PT1000 PID and 2P control; plate
+control; safety circuit (Err. 25 with a short-circuited TRIAC, Err. 24 when lowered below the plate); Error 5 (sensor out of the medium), Err. 6
+(sensor pulled while heating), Err. 4 (motor blocked), Err. 3 (heat accumulation under an overhanging pot at 310 C), Err. 14, 21, 31; boiling at
+the pressure-corrected boiling point with the latent heat; evaporation; bar decoupling in a viscous medium and the viscosity trend; timer with the
+expiry actions and the counter; intermittent / reverse stirring; operating modes A / B after a power failure; lock; HOT! display; NAMUR commands
+and watchdogs 1 / 2; energy and liquid-mass ledgers close."""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import ika_plate_rctdigital as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'ika_plate_rctdigital_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+C0 = 273.15
+RPM = rt.RPM
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.IkaPlateRctdigitalRuntime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_ika_plate_rctdigital_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def truth(self):
+        return self.read('truth.process')
+
+    def on(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+
+    def beaker(self, vessel='beaker_600ml', sid='water', ml=500.0, bar=0.04, **kw):
+        return self.call(self.A, 'vessel.place', vessel=vessel, substance_id=sid, volume_m3=ml * 1e-6, stir_bar_length_m=bar, **kw)
+
+    def stir(self, rpm):
+        self.call(self.A, 'stirring.set_speed', speed_rad_s=rpm * RPM)
+        self.call(self.A, 'stirring.set', on=True)
+
+    def heat(self, c):
+        self.call(self.A, 'heating.set_temperature', temperature_k=C0 + c)
+        self.call(self.A, 'heating.set', on=True)
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+    def events(self):
+        return [e['code'] for e in self.call(self.E, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+
+
+def _balance(test, L):
+    scale = max(abs(L['e_heater_j']) + abs(L['e_magnet_j']) + abs(L['e_vessel_in_j']), 1.0)
+    test.assertLess(abs(L['energy_balance_j']), 1e-9 * scale + 1e-6, L)
+    test.assertLess(abs(L['mass_balance_kg']), 1e-12 + 1e-12 * L['m_placed_kg'], L)
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k] = codes
+    name = {'_cmd_' + c.replace('.', '_'): c for c in rt.CAPS}
+    return {name[k]: v for k, v in out.items() if k in name}
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_consistent(self):
+        m = rt.export_ika_plate_rctdigital_contract_metadata()
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], m['state_slots'], (k, e))
+            for p in c['preconditions']:
+                for s in p['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(s, m['state_slots'], (k, s))
+        for s in rt.SCENE_MIRRORED:
+            self.assertIn(s, rt.SLOTS)
+            self.assertEqual(rt.SLOTS[s]['visibility'], 'agent')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='metadata_consistent'))
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        m = rt.export_ika_plate_rctdigital_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in m['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertFalse(codes - declared, (cap, codes - declared))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        obs = g.A.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        for cap, args in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='motor_blocked', active=True)), ('medium.modify', dict(viscosity_factor=2.0)),
+                          ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        d = g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.inspect', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.process', d['state_slots'])
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.toggle', arguments={}, request_id='same')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.toggle', arguments={}, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('power.on'))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='a'), Rig(instance='b')
+        a.on()
+        a.heat(80.0)
+        a.step(60.0)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+        self.assertEqual(b.h.Tp, rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'])
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        def run(parts):
+            g = Rig(seed=7)
+            g.on()
+            g.beaker()
+            g.call(g.A, 'sensor.set', connected=True, immersed=True)
+            g.stir(600)
+            g.heat(60.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'stirring.configure', expect='FUNCTIONS_RUNNING', run_s=30.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'timer.set', duration_s=95.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'timer.toggle')
+            for dt in parts:
+                g.step(dt)
+            r = g.h.read('evaluator')
+            return json.dumps({k: r[k] for k in r if k != 'clock.time_s'}, sort_keys=True, default=float), g.ledger()
+        a, la = run([300.0])
+        b, lb = run([0.05] * 6000)
+        c, lc = run([7.33] * 40 + [6.8])
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a, c)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(la, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(lb, sort_keys=True))
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'heating.set', expect='POWER_OFF', on=True)
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'heating.set_temperature', expect='ABOVE_SAFETY_LIMIT', temperature_k=C0 + 300.0) if g.h.heat['safe_k'] < C0 + 315.0 else None
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.set_limit', limit_k=C0 + 200.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heating.set_temperature', expect='ABOVE_SAFETY_LIMIT', temperature_k=C0 + 190.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.set_limit', expect='BELOW_SET_MARGIN', limit_k=C0 + 30.0 + 10.0 if False else C0 + 50.0) if g.h.heat['set_k'] > C0 + 35.0 else None
+        g.call(g.A, 'sensor.set', expect='NOT_IMMERSIBLE', connected=True, immersed=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'vessel.place', expect='OVERFILL', vessel='beaker_250ml', substance_id='water', volume_m3=300e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'vessel.place', expect='NOT_LIQUID', vessel='h1000', substance_id='diethyl_ether', volume_m3=500e-6, initial_k=C0 + 40.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'vessel.place', expect='BAR_LENGTH', vessel='beaker_250ml', substance_id='water', volume_m3=200e-6, stir_bar_length_m=0.07)
+        g.call(g.A, 'vessel.remove', expect='NO_VESSEL')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', expect='NO_CONNECTION', command='IN_PV_2')
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.toggle', expect='TIMER_NOT_SET')
+        g.call(g.A, 'viscosity.reset', expect='NOT_VISC_MODE')
+        g.stir(300)
+        g.call(g.A, 'menu.configure', expect='FUNCTIONS_RUNNING', operating_mode='B')
+        g.call(g.A, 'stirring.configure', expect='FUNCTIONS_RUNNING', auto_reverse=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'stirring.set', on=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'stirring.configure', expect='NEEDS_INTERVAL', auto_reverse=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lock.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'heating.set_temperature', expect='LOCKED', temperature_k=C0 + 50.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lock.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'interface.set', connected=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', expect='UNKNOWN_COMMAND', command='FOO_9')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', expect='ABOVE_SAFETY_LIMIT', command='OUT_SP_1 250')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=99))
+        g.call(g.E, 'medium.modify', expect='NO_VESSEL', viscosity_factor=3.0)
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_heating_rate_and_boiling_with_ledgers(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.beaker('h1500', ml=1000.0)
+        g.stir(600)
+        g.heat(310.0)
+        t30 = t80 = None
+        while t80 is None:
+            g.step(1.0)
+            tl = g.truth()['charge_k'] - C0
+            if t30 is None and tl >= 30.0:
+                t30 = g.h.t
+            if tl >= 80.0:
+                t80 = g.h.t
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(50.0 / (t80 - t30) * 60.0, rt.DOC['heating_rate_k_s'] * 60.0, delta=0.05)     # datasheet 6.5 K/min (calibrated)
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        tr = g.truth()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(tr['charge_k'], rt.boiling_k('water', 101325.0), delta=0.05)               # boiling at 100 C
+        self.assertGreater(tr['liquid']['boiled_kg'], 0.1)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('display.temperature'), 311.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'vessel.remove')['vessel']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['liquid_mass_kg'] + r['evaporated_kg'] + r['boiled_kg'], 1e-3 * rt.LIQ['water']['density']['value'], delta=1e-9)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_boiling_point_follows_pressure(self):
+        g = Rig(pressure_pa=80000.0)
+        g.on()
+        g.beaker('beaker_600ml', sid='ethanol', ml=300.0)
+        g.stir(500)
+        g.heat(120.0)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        tb = rt.boiling_k('ethanol', 80000.0)
+        self.assertLess(tb, rt.LIQ['ethanol']['boiling_point']['value'] - 5.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.truth()['charge_k'], tb, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth()['liquid']['boiled_kg'], 0.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        g.step(3600.0)                                                                                     # boiled dry: the empty beaker heats up
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['liquid']['mass_kg'], 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth()['charge_k'], tb + 5.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_self_heating(self):
+        g = Rig(ambient_k=C0 + 22.0)
+        g.on()
+        g.stir(1500)
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.truth()['plate_k'] - (C0 + 22.0), rt.DOC['self_heating_k'], delta=0.1)      # datasheet +13 K
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.motor'))
+
+    def test_pid_and_two_point(self):
+        res = {}
+        for mode in ('pid', '2p'):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.on()
+            g.beaker()
+            g.call(g.A, 'sensor.set', connected=True, immersed=True)
+            self.assertEqual(g.read('heating.control'), 'pid')
+            g.call(g.A, 'heating.set_mode', mode=mode)
+            g.stir(600)
+            g.heat(50.0)
+            peak, reach = 0.0, None
+            while g.h.t < 2400.0:
+                g.step(2.0)
+                tl = g.truth()['charge_k'] - C0
+                peak = max(peak, tl)
+                if reach is None and tl >= 49.5:
+                    reach = g.h.t
+            dev = []
+            for _ in range(300):
+                g.step(2.0)
+                dev.append(abs(g.truth()['charge_k'] - C0 - 50.0))
+            res[mode] = (reach, peak - 50.0, max(dev))
+            if mode == 'pid':
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('display.temperature'), 50.0, delta=0.3)
+                self.assertEqual(g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['process']['plate_target_k'] is not None, True)
+        self.assertLess(res['pid'][2], rt.DOC['medium_control_accuracy_pt1000_k'])                       # datasheet +-0.5 K
+        self.assertLess(res['2p'][0], res['pid'][0])                                                     # manual: 2P fastest, PID minimal overshoot
+        self.assertGreater(res['2p'][1], res['pid'][1])
+
+    def test_safety_circuit_errors_24_25(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.set_limit', limit_k=C0 + 120.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='triac_short', active=True)
+        g.step(900.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 25)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.message'), 'E25')
+        self.assertLess(g.truth()['plate_k'], C0 + 125.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heating.set', expect='ERROR_ACTIVE', on=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='triac_short', active=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.message'), 'HOt')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.hot'))
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        g.on()
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('error.code'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.set_limit', limit_k=C0 + 370.0)                                              # manual p.27 step 2: screw to the clockwise stop
+        g.heat(100.0)                                                                                     # step 3: set point = desired safe temperature
+        g.step(900.0)
+        for lim in (160.0, 130.0, 115.0):                                                                 # step 4: turn slowly anticlockwise ...
+            g.call(g.A, 'safety.set_limit', limit_k=C0 + lim)                                             # (below set + 15 K is allowed for the screw)
+            self.assertIsNone(g.read('error.code'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'safety.set_limit', limit_k=C0 + 95.0)                                               # ... until the heating switches off with Err. 25
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 25)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('heating.on'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.safe_temperature'), 95)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heating.set_k'), C0 + 80.0)                                             # the set point follows the knob maximum (limit - 15 K)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heating.set_temperature', expect='ABOVE_SAFETY_LIMIT', temperature_k=C0 + 90.0)     # the knob maximum stays 15 K below the limit
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        g2 = Rig()                                                                                         # heating off and the screw turned below the hot plate: Err. 24
+        g2.on()
+        g2.heat(100.0)
+        g2.step(900.0)
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'heating.set', on=False)
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'safety.set_limit', limit_k=C0 + 60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g2.read('error.code'), 24)
+        _balance(self, g2.ledger())
+
+    def test_error5_and_error6(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.beaker()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sensor.set', connected=True, immersed=False)                                        # sensor lying beside the beaker
+        g.call(g.A, 'menu.configure', err5_timeout_s=300.0)
+        g.stir(400)
+        g.heat(60.0)
+        g.step(400.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 5)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('heating.on'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('error.code'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'sensor.set', connected=True, immersed=True)
+        g.heat(60.0)
+        g.step(400.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('error.code'))                                                         # in the medium: the reading rises
+        g.call(g.A, 'sensor.set', connected=False, immersed=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 6)
+
+    def test_motor_errors_and_bar_decoupling_viscosity_trend(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.beaker('beaker_600ml', sid='ethylene_glycol', ml=400.0, bar=0.06)
+        g.call(g.A, 'menu.configure', display='visc')
+        g.stir(800)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.truth()['bar_coupled'])
+        v0 = g.read('display.visc_trend')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v0, 100.0, delta=2.0)                                                     # manual: starts at 100 %
+        g.call(g.E, 'medium.modify', viscosity_factor=8.0)                                              # the medium thickens
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('display.visc_trend'), 150.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'viscosity.reset')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('display.visc_trend'), 100.0, delta=2.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'medium.modify', viscosity_factor=200.0)                                            # far too viscous: the bar decouples
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.truth()['bar_coupled'])
+        self.assertIn('BAR_DECOUPLED', g.events())
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='motor_blocked', active=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 4)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('stirring.on'))
+
+    def test_error3_overhanging_pot(self):
+        g = Rig(ambient_k=C0 + 38.0)
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'vessel.place', vessel='h5000', substance_id='decane', volume_m3=1e-3, stir_bar_length_m=0.05)
+        g.heat(310.0)
+        g.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 3)
+        h = Rig(ambient_k=C0 + 40.0)
+        h.on()
+        h.heat(310.0)
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read('error.code'))                                                          # rated conditions: no Err. 3
+
+    def test_sensor_heater_and_selftest_faults(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sensor.set', connected=True, immersed=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sensor_short', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 14)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sensor_short', active=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='safety_test_fault', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 21)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='safety_test_fault', active=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='heater_switch_fault', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 31)
+
+    def test_timer_counter_intermittent_reverse(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.beaker()
+        g.call(g.A, 'stirring.configure', run_s=30.0, pause_s=10.0, auto_reverse=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'menu.configure', expiry_stop_heating=True, expiry_stop_stirring=True)
+        g.stir(500)
+        g.heat(40.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.set', duration_s=100.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.toggle')
+        signs = []
+        for _ in range(95):
+            g.step(1.0)
+            signs.append(math.copysign(1, g.truth()['motor_rad_s']) if abs(g.truth()['motor_rad_s']) > 1 else 0)
+        self.assertIn(1, signs)
+        self.assertIn(-1, signs)                                                                           # reversed after the first pause
+        self.assertIn(0, signs)
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('timer.state')['expired'])
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('heating.on'))
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('stirring.on'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.toggle', expect='TIMER_EXPIRED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.set', duration_s=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.toggle')
+        g.step(42.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('timer.state')['elapsed_s'], 42.0, delta=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.clear')
+
+    def test_modes_power_failure_lock_and_namur(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'menu.configure', operating_mode='B', beep=False, unit='F')
+        g.stir(400)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('indicator.motor'))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('stirring.on'))                                                            # mode B continues
+        g.call(g.A, 'stirring.set', on=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'menu.configure', operating_mode='A')
+        g.stir(400)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('stirring.on'))                                                           # mode A starts with everything off
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('indicator.standby'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.standby'))
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'lock.toggle')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.lock'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'interface.set', connected=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='IN_NAME')['response'], 'RCT digital')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_SP_1 80')                                                 # remote control is not blocked by the panel lock
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heating.set_k'), C0 + 80.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_SP_4 700')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='START_4')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='START_1')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='IN_PV_4')['response'].endswith(' 4'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='IN_SP_3')['response'], '370 3')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_SP_12@50')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_SP_42@100')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_WD2@30')
+        g.step(40.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('interface.state')['wd2_active'])
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.message'), 'SAFE')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_WD2@0')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_WD1@20')
+        g.call(g.A, 'interface.set', connected=False)
+        g.step(25.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 1)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('heating.on') or g.read('stirring.on'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'lock.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'interface.set', connected=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='RESET')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='SET_MODE_D')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('menu.state')['operating_mode'], 'D')
+
+    def test_evaporation_and_removal_with_sensor(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.beaker('beaker_250ml', sid='dichloromethane', ml=100.0, bar=0.03)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sensor.set', connected=True, immersed=True)
+        g.stir(300)
+        g.heat(35.0)
+        g.step(1200.0)
+        tr = g.truth()
+        self.assertGreater(tr['liquid']['evaporated_kg'], 1e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'vessel.remove', expect='SENSOR_IMMERSED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sensor.set', connected=True, immersed=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heating.set', on=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'vessel.remove')
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_quiet_stepping_is_exact(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        n = g.h.tick
+        g.step(30 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.h.tick - n, int(round(30 * 86400.0 / rt.DT)))
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'heating.set_temperature', temperature_k=C0 + 50.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'stirring.set_speed', speed_rad_s=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heating.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'stirring.toggle')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'heating.toggle')
+        g.step(8 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['plate_k'], rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'])                             # back at ambient: quiet again
+        n = g.h.tick
+        g.step(10 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.h.tick - n, int(round(10 * 86400.0 / rt.DT)))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+
+class RoundOneFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-1 review findings (R1-*, C1-*)."""
+
+    def test_idle_plate_still_evaporates(self):                                                          # R1-QUIET-EVAP
+        g = Rig()
+        g.beaker('beaker_250ml', sid='dichloromethane', ml=100.0, bar=0.0)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        tr = g.truth()
+        self.assertGreater(tr['liquid']['evaporated_kg'], 5e-3)                                            # ~12 g in 10 min from an open 250 ml beaker
+        self.assertLess(tr['charge_k'], rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'] - 0.5)                               # evaporative cooling
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_humidity_slows_water_evaporation(self):                                                     # R1-EVAP-DRY-AIR
+        out = {}
+        for rh in (0.0, 0.5, 1.0):
+            g = Rig(relative_humidity=rh)
+            g.beaker('beaker_600ml', sid='water', ml=400.0, bar=0.0)
+            g.step(3600.0)
+            out[rh] = g.truth()['liquid']['evaporated_kg']
+            _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        self.assertGreater(out[0.0], 1.6 * out[0.5])
+        self.assertGreater(out[0.5], out[1.0])
+        area = math.pi * (rt.VESSELS['beaker_600ml']['od_m'] / 2.0) ** 2
+        self.assertLess(out[0.5] / area, 0.2)                                                              # still-air indoor range ~0.05-0.15 kg/(m2 h)
+
+    def test_blocked_motor_before_start_gives_err4(self):                                                # R1-ERR4-QUIET
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='motor_blocked', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'stirring.set', on=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 4)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('stirring.on'))
+        g2 = Rig()
+        g2.on()
+        g2.stir(300)
+        g2.call(g2.E, 'fault.inject', fault='motor_blocked', active=True)                                 # injected while stirring: at once
+        self.assertEqual(g2.read('error.code'), 4)
+
+    def test_truth_events_hidden_from_agent(self):                                                      # C1-EVENT-LEAK
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.beaker('beaker_600ml', sid='ethylene_glycol', ml=400.0, bar=0.06)
+        g.stir(800)
+        g.step(10.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'medium.modify', viscosity_factor=200.0)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertIn('BAR_DECOUPLED', g.events())
+        agent_codes = [e['code'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        self.assertNotIn('BAR_DECOUPLED', agent_codes)
+        self.assertIn('STIRRING_ON', agent_codes)
+
+    def test_err14_when_plugging_a_shorted_sensor(self):                                                 # R1-ERR14-PLUG
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sensor_short', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sensor.set', connected=True, immersed=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 14)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        g.on()                                                                                             # still shorted at power-on
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('error.code'), 14)
+
+    def test_mode_a_switch_off_clears_functions(self):                                                   # R1-MODE-D
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.stir(300)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('stirring.on'))
+
+    def test_ccw_intermittent_and_half_up_rounding(self):                                                # R1-CCW-INTERMITTENT, R1-ROUNDING
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'stirring.configure', direction='ccw', run_s=25.0)['pattern']['run_s'], 30.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.call(g.A, 'stirring.set_speed', speed_rad_s=345.0 * RPM)['speed_rad_s'] / RPM, 350.0, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.call(g.A, 'stirring.set_speed', speed_rad_s=335.0 * RPM)['speed_rad_s'] / RPM, 340.0, places=9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'stirring.set', on=True)
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.truth()['motor_rad_s'], -1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'stirring.set', on=False)['on'], False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'menu.configure', err5_timeout_s=150.0)['menu']['err5_timeout_s'], 180.0)
+
+    def test_watchdog2_rewrites_set_points(self):                                                        # R1-WD2-SETPOINT
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'interface.set', connected=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_SP_1 80')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_SP_4 700')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_SP_12@60')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_SP_42@200')
+        g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='OUT_WD2@20')
+        g.step(25.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('interface.state')['wd2_active'])
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heating.set_k'), C0 + 60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.set_temperature'), 60)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('stirring.set_rad_s') / RPM, 200.0, places=9)
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'namur.send', command='IN_SP_1')['response'], '60 1')
+
+    def test_no_freezing_states(self):                                                                    # R1-FREEZING
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'vessel.place', expect='NOT_LIQUID', vessel='beaker_600ml', substance_id='water', volume_m3=2e-4, initial_k=265.0)
+        g.beaker('beaker_250ml', sid='dmso', ml=100.0, bar=0.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='NOT_LIQUID', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, ambient_k=C0 + 10.0))
+        self.assertEqual(rt.LIQ['water']['melting_point_k'], C0)
+
+    def test_timer_display_and_analytic_counter(self):                                                   # R1-TIMER-DISPLAY
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.set', duration_s=125.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.timer'), '000205')
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.toggle')
+        n = g.h.tick
+        g.step(100.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.timer'), '000025')
+        self.assertLess(g.h.tick - n, 1000 + 1)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('timer.state')['expired'])
+        self.assertIn('TIMER_EXPIRED', g.events())
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.set', duration_s=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'timer.toggle')
+        g.step(4 * 86400.0 + 5 * 3600.0 + 7.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.timer'), '0405  ')                                                  # dd:hh on the printed colons
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('timer.state')['elapsed_s'], 4 * 86400.0 + 5 * 3600.0 + 7.0, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.safe_temperature'), 370)
+        g.call(g.A, 'menu.configure', display='visc')
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('display.safe_temperature'))
+
+    def test_contract_parameters_si(self):                                                               # C1-PARAM-UNITS
+        m = rt.export_ika_plate_rctdigital_contract_metadata()
+        units = {p['unit'] for p in m['mechanisms']['hotplate_process']['parameters'].values()}
+        self.assertFalse(units & {'degC', 'rpm', 'min'}, units)
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        missing = set(rt.CAPS) - set(rt.UNSUPPORTED) - SEEN_CAPS - {'events.read'}
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_inert_puresolvmd.py b/tests/test_asset_inert_puresolvmd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e888049957fc5b6d1e476718b394ad01f56107c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_inert_puresolvmd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-200 inert_puresolvmd (Inert PureSolv MD 7 solvent purification system): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_inert_puresolvmd.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; gas manifold (50 psi supply, 70 psi relief) and vacuum manifold (6 Torr ultimate, 20 L/min); three evacuate /
+refill cycles before dispensing (UCD) against dispensing into an air-filled or undried flask; laminar dispensing flow with the measured
+viscosity (DMF slower than THF), the flask never filled above its brim, the 2/3 warning; the dispensing line hold-up blown into the flask on
+refill and sucked into the pump when turned back through evacuate (UCD warning); column loading, breakthrough after the calibrated 800 L of
+HPLC grade solvent, replacement; Q5 removes oxygen, alumina does not (Texas A&M); sparging (UCD 45 min for 15 L) and refilling with
+air-saturated, stabilised or wet solvent; faults (pump, supply, clogged filter, joint leak, check valve, regulator creep up to the 60 psi keg
+relief); per-channel solvent, water and flask-gas ledgers closing exactly."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import inert_puresolvmd as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'inert_puresolvmd_01'
+PSI, INHG = rt.PSI, rt.INHG
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.InertPuresolvmdRuntime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_inert_puresolvmd_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def truth(self, ch):
+        return self.read('truth.channels')['channels'][ch - 1]
+
+    def prime(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'gas.isolation', open=True)
+        self.call(self.A, 'pump.set', on=True)
+        self.step(30.0)
+
+    def turn(self, ch, pos, direction='shortest'):
+        return self.call(self.A, 'valve.turn', channel=ch, position=pos, direction=direction)
+
+    def purge(self, ch, cycles=3):
+        for _ in range(cycles):
+            self.turn(ch, 'evacuate')
+            self.step(30.0)
+            self.turn(ch, 'refill', 'counterclockwise')                       # evacuate -> closed -> refill
+            self.step(10.0)
+
+    def dispense(self, ch, seconds, opening=1.0, evacuate_first=True):
+        if evacuate_first:
+            self.turn(ch, 'evacuate', 'clockwise')                            # refill -> dispense -> evacuate: flask still empty, line empty
+            self.step(30.0)
+        self.call(self.A, 'needle.set', channel=ch, opening=opening)
+        self.turn(ch, 'dispense', 'counterclockwise')
+        self.step(seconds)
+
+    def finish(self, ch):
+        self.turn(ch, 'refill', 'counterclockwise')                           # back-fill: the line hold-up is blown into the flask
+        self.step(5.0)
+        self.turn(ch, 'closed', 'counterclockwise')
+        out = self.call(self.A, 'flask.detach', channel=ch)['flask']
+        assert 'water_ppm' not in out and 'oxygen_ppm' not in out                 # not measured by the system: evaluator truth only
+        return self.call(self.E, 'truth.inspect')['removed_flasks'][-1]
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k] = codes
+    name = {'_cmd_' + c.replace('.', '_'): c for c in rt.CAPS}
+    return {name[k]: v for k, v in out.items() if k in name}
+
+
+def _balance(test, L, rig):
+    for k, lk in enumerate(L['channels']):
+        if rig.h.ch[k]['solvent'] is None:
+            continue
+        S = (lk['initial_solvent_kg'] + lk['added_solvent_kg'] - lk['removed_solvent_kg'] - lk['solvent_to_pump_kg'] - lk['sparge_solvent_kg'] - lk['drip_solvent_kg'])
+        test.assertAlmostEqual(lk['solvent_in_system_kg'], S, delta=1e-9 * max(lk['initial_solvent_kg'], 1.0), msg=f'solvent ch{k + 1}')
+        W = (lk['initial_water_kg'] + lk['added_water_kg'] + lk['water_from_air_kg'] + lk['wall_water_kg'] - lk['removed_water_kg'] - lk['water_to_pump_kg']
+             - lk['water_vented_kg'] - lk['drip_water_kg'] - lk['column_water_removed_kg'])
+        test.assertAlmostEqual(lk['water_in_system_kg'], W, delta=1e-12 + 1e-9 * lk['initial_water_kg'], msg=f'water ch{k + 1}')
+        G = lk['air_in_mol'] + lk['flask_refill_mol'] - lk['flask_evac_mol'] - lk['flask_relief_mol'] - lk['flask_removed_mol'] - lk['gas_dissolved_mol']
+        test.assertAlmostEqual(lk['flask_gas_mol'], G, delta=1e-12 + 1e-9 * (lk['air_in_mol'] + lk['flask_refill_mol']), msg=f'gas ch{k + 1}')
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_inert_puresolvmd_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+            for p in c['preconditions']:
+                for s in p['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(s, slots, k)
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for name, p in meta['mechanisms']['solvent_purification_process']['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_inert_puresolvmd_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            g.call(g.A, k, expect='UNSUPPORTED')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.prime()
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in g.read(who=g.A)))
+        for cap, a in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='pump_failure', active=True)), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)),
+                       ('plant.configure', rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=a, request_id='x' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='filter_clogged', active=True, channel=2)
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] in ('fault', 'truth') for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+        g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        a = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='pump.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='same')
+        b = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='pump.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        c = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='pump.set', arguments=dict(on=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(c['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='i1'), Rig(instance='i2')
+        a.call(a.A, 'pump.set', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('pump.on'))
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        runs = []
+        for parts in ([400.0], [0.3, 7.7, 92.0, 300.0], [1.0] * 40 + [360.0]):
+            g = Rig(seed=7)
+            g.prime()
+            g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.001, oven_dried=False)
+            g.call(g.A, 'line.set', channel=3, keg_outlet=False)
+            g.call(g.A, 'keg.sparge', channel=3, duration_s=200.0)
+            g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='regulator_creep', active=True, channel=2)
+            g.call(g.A, 'needle.set', channel=1, opening=0.3)
+            g.turn(1, 'dispense')
+            for p in parts:
+                g.step(p)
+            v = g.read()
+            v.pop('clock.time_s')
+            runs.append(json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0], runs[1])
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0], runs[2])
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        r = rt.InertPuresolvmdRuntime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        r.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        self.assertEqual(r.session('a').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='pump.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g = Rig(solvents=['tetrahydrofuran', 'toluene', None, None, None, None, None])
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, solvents=['tetrahydrofuran', 'toluene', None, None, None, None, None], noise_seed=2))
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SOLVENTS_FIXED', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        g.call(g.A, 'valve.turn', expect='EMPTY_CHANNEL', channel=3, position='evacuate')
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.detach', expect='NO_FLASK', channel=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.0005)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', expect='FLASK_ATTACHED', channel=1, volume_m3=0.0005)
+        g.turn(1, 'refill')
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.detach', expect='VALVE_NOT_CLOSED', channel=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keg.refill', expect='CABINET_CLOSED', channel=1, volume_m3=0.001)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cabinet.door', side='left', angle_rad=1.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keg.refill', expect='KEG_CONNECTED', channel=1, volume_m3=0.001)
+        g.call(g.A, 'line.set', channel=1, keg_gas=False, keg_outlet=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keg.refill', expect='KEG_OVERFILL', channel=1, volume_m3=0.010)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keg.sparge', expect='NO_GAS', channel=1, duration_s=60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'line.set', channel=1, keg_outlet=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.isolation', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keg.sparge', expect='KEG_CONNECTED', channel=1, duration_s=60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'column.replace', expect='COLUMN_OPEN', channel=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'needle.set', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', channel=1, opening=1.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'valve.turn', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', channel=8, position='closed')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='CHANNEL_REQUIRED', fault='filter_clogged', active=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='alien', active=True)
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_manifolds_and_gauges(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('gauge.pressure_pa'), 0.0)
+        g.prime()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('gauge.pressure_pa'), 50.0 * PSI, delta=0.6 * PSI)                # building supply about 50 psi (UCD)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('gauge.pressure_angle_rad'), -rt.GAUGE_SWEEP * g.read('gauge.pressure_pa') / (100.0 * PSI), places=9)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('gauge.vacuum_pa'), -29.0 * INHG)                                          # 6 Torr ultimate
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('truth.manifold')['vacuum_pa'], rt.DOC['pump_ultimate_pa'], delta=1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.toggle')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('pump.on'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.isolation', open=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('gas.isolation_angle_rad'), 0.0)
+        h = Rig(supply_gauge_pa=90.0 * PSI)
+        h.prime()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('gauge.pressure_pa'), 70.0 * PSI, delta=0.6 * PSI)                # main relief 70 psi
+        self.assertIn('MAIN_RELIEF', [e['code'] for e in h.call(h.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']])
+
+    def test_purged_flask_gives_dry_oxygen_free_solvent(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.prime()
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=3, volume_m3=0.0005, oven_dried=True)
+        g.purge(3)
+        air = g.truth(3)['flask']['gas_mol']
+        self.assertLess(air['air'] + air['o2'], 1e-6)                                                      # three cycles (UCD)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('gauge.station3_pa'), 1.0 * PSI)                                        # refilled to the low-pressure regulator
+        g.dispense(3, 45.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('flask.ch3')['liquid_m3'], 1e-4)
+        r = g.finish(3)
+        self.assertEqual(r['solvent'], 'toluene')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['water_ppm'], rt.ENG['water_floor_ppm'], delta=0.5)
+        self.assertLess(r['oxygen_ppm'], 1.0)                                                             # Q5 column removes oxygen
+        self.assertTrue(r['under_inert'])
+        _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+
+    def test_unpurged_or_undried_flask_contaminates(self):
+        res = {}
+        for name, purge, dried in (('purged', True, True), ('air', False, True), ('wet', True, False)):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.prime()
+            g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.001, oven_dried=dried)
+            if purge:
+                g.purge(1)
+                g.dispense(1, 30.0)
+            else:
+                g.call(g.A, 'needle.set', channel=1, opening=1.0)
+                g.turn(1, 'dispense')                                                                       # straight into the air-filled flask
+                g.step(30.0)
+            res[name] = g.finish(1)
+            _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+        self.assertGreater(res['air']['water_ppm'], res['purged']['water_ppm'] + 5.0)
+        self.assertGreater(res['air']['oxygen_ppm'], 5.0 * res['purged']['oxygen_ppm'])
+        self.assertFalse(res['air']['under_inert'])
+        self.assertGreater(res['wet']['water_ppm'], res['purged']['water_ppm'] + 20.0)                    # wall water is not removed by vacuum
+
+    def test_flow_viscosity_brim_and_two_thirds_warning(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.prime()
+        q = {}
+        for ch in (1, 7):                                                                                   # THF 0.5 mPa s, DMF about 0.9 mPa s
+            g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=ch, volume_m3=0.002)
+            g.purge(ch)
+            g.dispense(ch, 20.0, opening=0.5)
+            q[ch] = g.read(f'flask.ch{ch}')['liquid_m3']
+        mu = {ch: rt.SOLV[g.h.ch[ch - 1]['solvent']]['viscosity']['value'] for ch in (1, 7)}
+        self.assertGreater(q[1], q[7])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(q[1] / q[7], mu[7] / mu[1] * 0.9, delta=0.35 * mu[7] / mu[1])               # laminar: Q ~ 1/mu (head and density differ)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('needle.ch1_angle_rad'), 0.5 * rt.NEEDLE_TURNS * 2 * math.pi, places=9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=2, volume_m3=0.00025)
+        g.purge(2)
+        g.dispense(2, 300.0)
+        f = g.read('flask.ch2')
+        self.assertLessEqual(f['liquid_m3'], f['volume_m3'] + 1e-12)                                       # a closed flask fills at most to its brim
+        codes = [e['code'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        self.assertIn('FLASK_OVER_TWO_THIRDS', codes)
+        self.assertIn('FLASK_PRESSURISED', codes)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+
+    def test_line_holdup_pump_and_drip(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.prime()
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.001)
+        g.purge(1)
+        g.dispense(1, 20.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth(1)['line_m3'], 0.0)
+        g.turn(1, 'closed', 'clockwise')                                                                    # dispense -> evacuate -> closed: UCD warning
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth(1)['line_m3'], 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.ledger()['channels'][0]['solvent_to_pump_kg'], 0.0)
+        self.assertIn('SOLVENT_TO_VACUUM', [e['code'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']])
+        g.turn(1, 'dispense', 'counterclockwise')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        g.turn(1, 'closed', 'counterclockwise')                                                             # through refill: line blown into the flask
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth(1)['line_m3'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.detach', channel=1)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+
+    def test_column_breakthrough_and_replacement(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.prime()
+        cap = g.truth(1)['column_water_capacity_kg']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(cap[0], rt.ENG['column_water_capacity_kg'], places=12)
+        for i in range(2):                                                                                  # near the end of the 800 L (white box)
+            g.h.ch[0]['col']['load'][i] = 0.99 * cap[i]
+        g.h.led['ch'][0]['initial_water_kg'] += 0.99 * (cap[0] + cap[1])
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.002)
+        g.purge(1)
+        g.dispense(1, 60.0)
+        r = g.finish(1)
+        self.assertGreater(r['water_ppm'], 2.0 * rt.ENG['water_floor_ppm'])                                # broken through
+        self.assertIn('COLUMN_BREAKTHROUGH', [e['kind'] == 'truth' and e['code'] for e in g.call(g.E, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']])
+        _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+        g.call(g.A, 'line.set', channel=1, column_inlet=False, column_outlet=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'column.replace', channel=1)
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth(1)['column_water_load_kg'], [0.0, 0.0])
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('lines.valves')['1']['column_inlet'], False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'line.set', channel=1, column_inlet=True, column_outlet=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.002)
+        g.purge(1)
+        g.dispense(1, 60.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.finish(1)['water_ppm'], rt.ENG['water_floor_ppm'], delta=0.5)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+
+    def test_alumina_keeps_oxygen_sparging_and_refill(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.prime()
+        o2_keg = g.truth(1)['keg_o2_ppm']
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.001)
+        g.purge(1)
+        g.dispense(1, 30.0)
+        f, rho = g.truth(1)['flask'], rt.SOLV['tetrahydrofuran']['density']['value']
+        o2_total = f['o2_ppm'] * 1e-6 * rho * f['liquid_m3'] + f['gas_mol']['o2'] * 0.0319988                 # dissolved plus partitioned into the inert headspace
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o2_total, o2_keg * 1e-6 * rho * f['liquid_m3'], delta=0.1 * o2_keg * 1e-6 * rho * f['liquid_m3'])   # alumina keeps O2 (Texas A&M)
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth(1)['q5_o2_load_kg'], 0.0)
+        r = g.finish(1)
+        self.assertLess(r['oxygen_ppm'], o2_keg)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cabinet.door', side='right', angle_rad=1.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'line.set', channel=1, keg_gas=False, keg_outlet=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'keg.refill', channel=1, volume_m3=0.004, water_ppm=300.0, stabiliser_ppm=250.0, grounded=False)
+        t = g.truth(1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t['keg_o2_ppm'], rt.ENG['o2_air_saturated_ppm'], delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(t['keg_water_ppm'], 150.0)
+        codes = [e['code'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        self.assertIn('NOT_GROUNDED', codes)
+        self.assertIn('STABILISER_IN_FEED', codes)
+        v0 = t['keg_m3']
+        g.call(g.A, 'keg.sparge', channel=1, duration_s=rt.DOC['ucd_sparge_s'])
+        g.step(rt.DOC['ucd_sparge_s'] + 10.0)
+        t = g.truth(1)
+        self.assertLess(t['keg_o2_ppm'], 0.06 * rt.ENG['o2_air_saturated_ppm'])                           # 45 min (UCD): about 3 time constants
+        self.assertLess(t['keg_m3'], v0)                                                                    # solvent vapour carried away
+        self.assertFalse(t['sparging'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'line.set', channel=1, keg_gas=True, keg_outlet=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.002)
+        g.purge(1)
+        g.dispense(1, 60.0)
+        g.finish(1)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth(1)['stabiliser_on_column_kg'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('reservoirs.recorded')['1']['added_m3'], 0.004)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+
+    def test_faults(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pump_failure', active=True)
+        g.prime()
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('gauge.vacuum_pa'), 0.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pump_failure', active=False)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='check_valve_leak', active=True, channel=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.0005)
+        g.turn(1, 'evacuate')
+        g.step(60.0)
+        p_leak = g.truth(1)['flask']['pressure_pa']
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='check_valve_leak', active=False, channel=1)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertGreater(p_leak, 2.0 * g.truth(1)['flask']['pressure_pa'])                             # poorer vacuum in the flask
+        g.turn(1, 'closed', 'counterclockwise')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='flask_joint_leak', active=True, channel=1)
+        n0 = g.truth(1)['flask']['gas_mol']['air']
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth(1)['flask']['gas_mol']['air'], n0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='flask_joint_leak', active=False, channel=1)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='gas_supply_empty', active=True)
+        p_im = g.read('truth.manifold')['inert_pa']
+        g.turn(1, 'refill', 'clockwise')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('truth.manifold')['inert_pa'], p_im - 1000.0)                               # only the gas left in the manifold
+        self.assertLess(g.read('gauge.pressure_pa'), 50.0 * PSI)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='gas_supply_empty', active=False)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        q = {}
+        for clog in (False, True):
+            h = Rig()
+            h.prime()
+            if clog:
+                h.call(h.E, 'fault.inject', fault='filter_clogged', active=True, channel=2)
+            h.call(h.A, 'flask.attach', channel=2, volume_m3=0.002)
+            h.purge(2)
+            h.dispense(2, 20.0, opening=0.3)
+            q[clog] = h.read('flask.ch2')['liquid_m3']
+        self.assertLess(q[True], 0.8 * q[False])
+        k = Rig(supply_gauge_pa=65.0 * PSI)
+        k.prime()
+        k.call(k.E, 'fault.inject', fault='regulator_creep', active=True, channel=4)
+        k.step(86400.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(k.truth(4)['keg_head_pa'] - 101325.0, rt.DOC['ucd_gauges_pa']['keg'] + 86400.0 * rt.ENG['regulator_creep_pa_s'], delta=1.0)
+        k.step(4 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(k.truth(4)['keg_head_pa'] - 101325.0, rt.DOC['tamu_keg_relief_pa'], delta=1.0)   # 60 psi keg relief
+        self.assertIn('KEG_RELIEF', [e['code'] for e in k.call(k.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']])
+        k.call(k.A, 'regulator.set', channel=4, keg_gauge_pa=10.0 * PSI, flask_gauge_pa=2.0 * PSI)
+        self.assertEqual(k.read('regulators.settings')['4']['keg_gauge_pa'], 10.0 * PSI)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+
+    def test_cabinet_doors_and_quiet_stepping(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'cabinet.door', side='left', angle_rad=1.2)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('cabinet.left_angle_rad'), 1.2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cabinet.door', side='left', angle_rad=0.0)
+        g.prime()
+        n = g.h.tick
+        g.step(30 * 86400.0)                                                                                # nothing evolves: the grid is skipped exactly
+        self.assertEqual(g.h.tick - n, int(round(30 * 86400.0 / rt.DT)))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+
+
+    def test_review_r1_fixes(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.prime()
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.005)
+        g.purge(1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'line.set', channel=1, keg_gas=False)                                                  # keg cut off: headspace expands
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.isolation', open=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='gas_supply_empty', active=True)
+        p0 = g.truth(1)['keg_head_pa']
+        g.dispense(1, 300.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.truth(1)['keg_head_pa'], p0 - 0.2 * (p0 - 101325.0))
+        g.turn(1, 'refill', 'counterclockwise')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('gauge.pressure_pa'), 50.0 * PSI - 1.0)                                       # isolated manifold drawn down
+        _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+        h = Rig()
+        h.prime()
+        h.call(h.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=5e-5)
+        h.purge(1)
+        h.dispense(1, 600.0)
+        h.turn(1, 'refill', 'counterclockwise')
+        f = h.read('flask.ch1')
+        self.assertLessEqual(f['liquid_m3'], f['volume_m3'])                                               # the line hold-up does not overfill
+        _balance(self, h.ledger(), h)
+        b = Rig(ambient_k=308.15, pressure_pa=80000.0, solvents=['diethyl_ether', None, None, None, None, None, None])
+        b.prime()
+        b.call(b.A, 'line.set', channel=1, keg_outlet=False)
+        v0 = b.truth(1)['keg_m3']
+        b.call(b.A, 'keg.sparge', channel=1, duration_s=60.0)
+        b.step(60.0)
+        self.assertGreater(b.truth(1)['keg_m3'], v0 - 1e-4)                                               # bounded vapour carry-over
+        self.assertIn('SPARGE_NEAR_BOILING', [e['code'] for e in b.call(b.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']])
+        o = Rig()
+        o.prime()
+        o.turn(2, 'evacuate')                                                                               # open joint: air into the vacuum
+        o.step(10.0)
+        self.assertGreater(o.read('truth.manifold')['vacuum_pa'], 10.0 * rt.DOC['pump_ultimate_pa'])
+        o.turn(2, 'closed')
+        o.call(o.A, 'needle.set', channel=2, opening=1.0)
+        o.turn(2, 'dispense')                                                                               # no flask: solvent onto the drip tray
+        o.step(10.0)
+        o.turn(2, 'closed', 'counterclockwise')
+        self.assertGreater(o.ledger()['channels'][1]['drip_solvent_kg'], 0.0)
+        o.call(o.A, 'pump.set', on=False)
+        o.call(o.A, 'flask.attach', channel=3, volume_m3=0.001)
+        o.turn(3, 'evacuate')
+        o.step(60.0)
+        o.turn(3, 'closed', 'counterclockwise')
+        o.turn(4, 'evacuate')                                                                               # vent the manifold through an open joint
+        o.step(20.0)
+        o.turn(4, 'closed')
+        n_air = o.truth(3)['flask']['gas_mol']['air']
+        o.turn(3, 'evacuate')                                                                               # back-flow from the manifold
+        o.step(5.0)
+        self.assertGreater(o.truth(3)['flask']['gas_mol']['air'], n_air)
+        _balance(self, o.ledger(), o)
+
+
+    def test_review_r2_isolated_manifold_conserves_gas(self):
+        def inventory(g):
+            RT = rt.R_GAS * g.h._T()
+            return (g.h.p_im * rt.ENG['gas_manifold_volume_m3'] / RT + sum(c['keg']['n_gas'] for c in g.h.ch if c['solvent'])
+                    + sum(lk['flask_refill_mol'] for lk in g.h.led['ch']))
+        g = Rig(supply_gauge_pa=20.0 * PSI)
+        g.prime()
+        g.call(g.A, 'flask.attach', channel=1, volume_m3=0.005)
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.isolation', open=False)
+        for ch in range(2, 8):
+            g.call(g.A, 'line.set', channel=ch, keg_gas=False)
+        n0 = inventory(g)
+        g.call(g.A, 'regulator.set', channel=1, keg_gauge_pa=25.0 * PSI)                                  # set above what the manifold holds
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(g.truth(1)['keg_head_pa'], 101325.0)
+        g.turn(1, 'evacuate')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'needle.set', channel=1, opening=1.0)
+        g.turn(1, 'dispense', 'counterclockwise')                                                         # headspace grows: gas from the manifold
+        g.step(120.0)
+        g.turn(1, 'refill', 'clockwise')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(inventory(g), n0, delta=1e-9 * n0)
+        p_low = g.read('truth.manifold')['inert_pa']
+        g.call(g.A, 'gas.isolation', open=True)                                                            # the supply refills the manifold
+        g.turn(1, 'closed', 'counterclockwise')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.set', on=False)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.manifold')['inert_pa'], p_low)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('truth.manifold')['inert_pa'], 101325.0 + 20.0 * PSI, delta=1.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger(), g)
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        missing = set(rt.CAPS) - set(rt.UNSUPPORTED) - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_inficon_ul1000fab.py b/tests/test_asset_inficon_ul1000fab.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72924475368062c497309cbda963c968bd5b678a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_inficon_ul1000fab.py
@@ -0,0 +1,697 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-194 inficon_ul1000fab (INFICON UL1000 Fab helium leak detector): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_inficon_ul1000fab.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; run-up 3 min; pump-down and autoranging (15 / 2 / 0.4 mbar) faster for small volumes and slower with polymer outgassing;
+large leak -> maximum evacuation time W76; response time of a sprayed leak grows with the part volume and the leak path; the detection limit is a
+display floor, not the reading error; ZERO, I-ZERO (stable signal only) and auto zero; internal / external calibration, temperature drift and
+W80 / W81; O-ring permeation slow signal; sniffer mode (air helium background, distance law, W62 / W63); molecular-flow leak-rate conversion;
+helium and total-gas ledgers closing exactly; vent and part exchange."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import inficon_ul1000fab as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'inficon_ul1000fab_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+MB = rt.MBAR_L
+CHAMBER = dict(part_id='chamber', volume_m3=0.01, surface_area_m2=0.3, material='stainless_unbaked',
+               leaks=[dict(leak_id='weld', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=1e-9 * MB, path_length_m=0.3, path_diameter_m=0.004)])
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.InficonUl1000fabRuntime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_inficon_ul1000fab_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def ready(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.step(181.0)
+
+    def until(self, pred, limit, every=1.0):
+        t = 0.0
+        while not pred() and t < limit:
+            self.step(every)
+            t += every
+        return t
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k[5:].replace('_', '.', 1)] = codes
+    return out
+
+
+def _balance(test, L):
+    he_in = L['he_initial'] + L['he_added_with_part'] + L['he_leak_in'] + L['he_permeation_in'] + L['he_vent_in']
+    he_out = L['he_pumped'] + L['he_vent_out'] + L['he_removed_with_part'] + L['he_in_volume']
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(he_in, he_out, delta=1e-9 * he_in + 1e-18)
+    g_in = L['gas_initial'] + L['gas_added_with_part'] + L['gas_leak_in'] + L['gas_outgassing'] + L['gas_vent_in']
+    g_out = L['gas_pumped'] + L['gas_vent_out'] + L['gas_removed_with_part'] + L['gas_in_volume']
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(g_in, g_out, delta=1e-9 * g_in)
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_and_mirrors_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_inficon_ul1000fab_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                self.assertTrue(set(pre['state_ids']) <= slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for name, p in meta['mechanisms']['helium_leak_detection']['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_inficon_ul1000fab_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        d = g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            g.A.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['truth.gas'])
+        for cap, args in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='turbo_failure', active=True))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x-' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', cap)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='helium_contamination', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] in ('fault', 'truth') for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        args = dict(trigger_1_pa_m3_s=1e-11)
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='settings.configure', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        snap = g.h.read('evaluator')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='settings.configure', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(snap, sort_keys=True, default=str), json.dumps(g.h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='settings.configure', arguments=dict(trigger_1_pa_m3_s=1e-12), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='t_a'), Rig(instance='t_b', ambient_k=298.15)
+        a.call(a.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+        r = a.A.invoke(instance_id='t_b', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='z')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        def run(steps):
+            g = Rig(seed=5)
+            g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+            g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **CHAMBER)
+            for s in steps:
+                g.step(s)
+            r = g.read()
+            return json.dumps({k: r[k] for k in r if not k.startswith('clock')}, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(g.ledger(), sort_keys=True)
+        a = run([400.0])
+        b = run([0.05] * 200 + [0.37, 13.11, 376.52])
+        c = run([20.0] * 20)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a, c)
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r = rt.InficonUl1000fabRuntime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=2))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.disconnect', expect='NO_PART')
+        g.call(g.A, 'spray.set', expect='NO_PART', target='x', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', expect='DUPLICATE_LEAK', **dict(CHAMBER, leaks=CHAMBER['leaks'] * 2))
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start', expect='RUNNING_UP')
+        g.step(181.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'zero.set', expect='NOT_MEASURING', enabled=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='TRIGGER_ORDER', trigger_1_pa_m3_s=1e-9, trigger_2_pa_m3_s=1e-10)
+        g.call(g.A, 'calibration.start', expect='MISSING_SETTING', kind='external')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sniffer.position', expect='NO_SNIFFER', target='x', distance_m=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **CHAMBER)
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', expect='INLET_OCCUPIED', **CHAMBER)
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.disconnect', expect='INLET_NOT_VENTED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='MEASURING', mode='sniff')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='alien', active=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='turbo_failure', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'zero.set', expect='DETECTOR_FAULT', enabled=True)
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_run_up_pumpdown_and_autoranging(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'run_up')
+        g.step(179.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'run_up')
+        g.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'standby')
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **CHAMBER)
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        seen = []
+        t = g.until(lambda: (seen.append(g.read('range.current')) or True) and g.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 600.0, 0.5)
+        order = [x for i, x in enumerate(seen) if x and (i == 0 or seen[i - 1] != x)]
+        self.assertEqual(order[:3], ['GROSS', 'FINE', 'ULTRA'])
+        self.assertLess(t, 120.0)
+        ta = g.read('truth.gas')
+        self.assertLess(ta['total_pressure_pa'], 40.0)
+        big = Rig()
+        big.ready()
+        big.call(big.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.2))
+        big.call(big.A, 'measure.start')
+        t_big = big.until(lambda: big.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 3000.0, 2.0)
+        self.assertGreater(t_big, 3 * t)                                      # pump-down time grows with the volume
+        poly = Rig()
+        poly.ready()
+        poly.call(poly.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, surface_area_m2=2.0, material='neoprene_unbaked'))
+        poly.call(poly.A, 'measure.start')
+        t_poly = poly.until(lambda: poly.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 1700.0, 5.0)
+        self.assertGreater(t_poly, 2 * t)                                     # polymer outgassing delays ULTRA
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='pumpdown', status='passed', layer='process', t_ultra_10l_s=t, t_ultra_200l_s=t_big, t_ultra_neoprene_s=t_poly))
+
+    def test_large_leak_hits_the_maximum_evacuation_time(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', max_evacuation_s=300.0)
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, leaks=[dict(leak_id='gross', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=20.0)]))
+        self.assertTrue(r['notes'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.step(320.0)
+        self.assertIn('W76', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'standby')
+
+    def test_spray_response_time_grows_with_volume_and_path(self):
+        def t63(volume, path_len, diam):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.ready()
+            g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=volume, leaks=[dict(leak_id='weld', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=1e-8 * MB, path_length_m=path_len,
+                                                                                         path_diameter_m=diam)]))
+            g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+            g.until(lambda: g.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 3000.0, 2.0)
+            g.step(120.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'zero.set', enabled=True)
+            g.call(g.A, 'spray.set', target='weld', on=True)
+            final = 1e-8 * MB * rt.ENG['spray_he_fraction']
+            t = g.until(lambda: (g.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s') or 0) > 0.63 * final, 2000.0, 0.5)
+            g.step(600.0)
+            return t, g.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s')
+        t_small, v_small = t63(0.002, 0.05, 0.01)
+        t_big, _ = t63(0.05, 0.05, 0.01)
+        t_path, _ = t63(0.002, 3.0, 0.002)
+        self.assertGreater(t_big, 3 * t_small)
+        self.assertGreater(t_path, t_small + 5.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v_small / (1e-8 * MB * rt.ENG['spray_he_fraction']), 1.0, delta=0.2)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='response_time', status='passed', layer='process', t63_2l_s=t_small, t63_50l_s=t_big, t63_3m_path_s=t_path))
+
+    def test_detection_limit_is_a_floor_not_the_reading_error(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, leaks=[]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 600.0, 1.0)
+        g.step(1200.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'zero.set', enabled=True)
+        vals = []
+        for _ in range(40):
+            g.step(1.0)
+            vals.append(g.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s'))
+        self.assertTrue(all(v >= rt.DISPLAY_LIMIT['ULTRA'] for v in vals))
+        self.assertLess(max(vals), 5 * rt.RANGES['ULTRA']['limit_pa_m3_s'])
+        big = Rig()
+        big.ready()
+        big.call(big.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, leaks=[dict(leak_id='w', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=1e-6 * MB)]))
+        big.call(big.A, 'measure.start')
+        big.until(lambda: big.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 600.0, 1.0)
+        big.call(big.A, 'spray.set', target='w', on=True)
+        big.step(120.0)
+        r = []
+        for _ in range(20):
+            big.step(1.0)
+            r.append(big.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s'))
+        mean = sum(r) / len(r)
+        rel = math.sqrt(sum((x - mean) ** 2 for x in r) / len(r)) / mean
+        self.assertLess(rel, 0.12)                                            # a large reading has a relative error far above the detection limit
+        self.assertEqual(big.read('leak.status'), 'reject')
+
+    def test_zero_izero_and_auto_zero(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', zero_mode='i_zero')
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **CHAMBER)
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('range.current') == 'GROSS', 600.0, 0.5)
+        g.step(0.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'zero.set', expect='SIGNAL_NOT_STABLE', enabled=True)       # background still falling fast
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('signal.stable'), 1800.0, 2.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'zero.toggle')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('zero.enabled'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'zero.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('zero.enabled'))
+        h = Rig()
+        h.ready()
+        h.call(h.E, 'fault.inject', fault='helium_contamination', active=True)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        h.call(h.E, 'fault.inject', fault='helium_contamination', active=False)
+        h.call(h.A, 'measure.start')
+        self.assertGreater(h.read('zero.offset_pa_m3_s'), 0.0)                 # background suppression: internal background measured in standby
+
+    def test_calibration_drift_and_test_leak(self):
+        g = Rig(ambient_k=303.15, temperature_at_calibration_k=293.15)
+        g.ready()
+        self.assertNotIn('W80', g.read('alarms.active'))                      # calibration request is OFF by default (manual)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', calibration_request=True)
+        self.assertIn('W80', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.002, leaks=[dict(leak_id='ref', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=1e-7 * MB, path_length_m=0.0)]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 600.0, 1.0)
+        g.step(300.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'zero.set', enabled=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'spray.set', target='ref', on=True)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        before = g.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s')
+        true = 1e-7 * MB * rt.ENG['spray_he_fraction']
+        self.assertGreater(abs(before / true - 1), 0.07)                     # 10 K away from the last calibration: about 10 % off
+        g.call(g.A, 'spray.set', target='ref', on=False)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'calibration.start', kind='external', test_leak_pa_m3_s=1e-7 * MB * rt.ENG['spray_he_fraction'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'spray.set', target='ref', on=True)
+        g.step(r['duration_s'] + 30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'measure')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s') / true, 1.0, delta=0.12)
+        self.assertNotIn('W80', g.read('alarms.active'))                      # calibrated at the current temperature
+        e = Rig()
+        e.ready()
+        e.call(e.E, 'fault.inject', fault='internal_test_leak_empty', active=True)
+        e.call(e.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        e.step(60.0)
+        self.assertIn('W81', e.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertEqual(e.read('calibration.factor'), 1.0)
+        ok = Rig()
+        ok.ready()
+        ok.call(ok.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        ok.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(ok.read('state.current'), 'standby')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ok.read('calibration.factor'), 1.0, delta=0.1)
+
+    def test_seal_permeation_slow_signal(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.002, leaks=[dict(leak_id='oring', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=2e-9 * MB, kind='seal_permeation')]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 600.0, 1.0)
+        g.step(300.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'zero.set', enabled=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'spray.set', target='oring', on=True)
+        g.step(20.0)
+        early = g.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s')
+        g.step(400.0)
+        late = g.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s')
+        self.assertGreater(late, 3 * early)                                    # permeation is slow (minutes), unlike a channel leak
+
+    def test_sniffer_mode(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sniffer.connect', connected=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start', expect='SNIFFER_IN_VACUUM_MODE')
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', mode='sniff')
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        bg = g.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s')
+        self.assertGreater(bg, 0.5 * rt.ENG['helium_in_air_mol_fraction'] * rt.ENG['sniff_flow_pa_m3_s'])     # air helium background
+        g.call(g.A, 'zero.set', enabled=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.stop')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sniffer.connect', connected=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, helium_fill_pa=2e5, leaks=[dict(leak_id='weld', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=1e-5 * MB)]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.disconnect')
+        h = Rig()
+        h.ready()
+        h.call(h.A, 'settings.configure', mode='sniff')
+        h.call(h.A, 'sniffer.connect', connected=True)
+        r = h.call(h.A, 'part.connect', part_id='vessel', volume_m3=0.01, surface_area_m2=0.0, material='stainless_unbaked', helium_fill_pa=2e5,
+                   leaks=[dict(leak_id='weld', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=1e-5 * MB)])                  # sniffer mode: declared as the sniffed object
+        self.assertTrue(any('吸枪检查对象' in n for n in r['notes']))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('part.connected'), 'sniffer')
+        h.call(h.A, 'part.connect', expect='INLET_OCCUPIED', **CHAMBER)
+        h.call(h.A, 'measure.start')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.call(h.A, 'zero.set', enabled=True)                                   # subtract the air helium background
+        h.call(h.A, 'sniffer.position', target='weld', distance_m=0.0)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        near = h.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s')
+        h.call(h.A, 'sniffer.position', target='weld', distance_m=0.02)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        far = h.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s')
+        self.assertGreater(near, 10 * far)
+        h.call(h.A, 'part.disconnect')                                            # sniffed object moved away: only the background remains
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertLess(h.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s'), far + 1e-15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(near / (2e-5 * MB), 1.0, delta=0.3)              # 2 bar helium fill doubles the standard leak rate
+        b = Rig()
+        b.ready()
+        b.call(b.A, 'settings.configure', mode='sniff')
+        b.call(b.A, 'sniffer.connect', connected=True)
+        b.call(b.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sniffer_capillary_blocked', active=True)
+        b.call(b.A, 'measure.start')
+        b.step(8.0)
+        self.assertIn('W62', b.read('alarms.active'))                          # inlet below 0.1 mbar after the warning delay
+        c = Rig()
+        c.ready()
+        c.call(c.A, 'settings.configure', mode='sniff')
+        c.call(c.A, 'sniffer.connect', connected=True)
+        c.call(c.A, 'measure.start')
+        c.step(8.0)
+        self.assertTrue(10.0 <= c.read('truth.gas')['total_pressure_pa'] <= 100.0)   # healthy line: inside the 0.1-1 mbar window
+        self.assertNotIn('W62', c.read('alarms.active'))
+
+    def test_conversion_vent_ledgers_rotation_and_faults(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'leakrate.convert', gas='nitrogen', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=1e-8)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['factor'], math.sqrt(rt.M_HE / rt.gases()['nitrogen']['molar_mass_kg_mol']), places=12)
+        self.assertLess(r['equivalent_leak_rate_pa_m3_s'], 1e-8)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(rt.gases()), 50)
+        g.call(g.A, 'display.rotate', angle_rad=0.7)
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **CHAMBER)
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.step(120.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'spray.set', target='weld', on=True)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.stop', hold_s=3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'vent')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'standby')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pressure.inlet_pa'), 101325.0, delta=0.05 * 101325.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.disconnect')
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        d = g.call(g.A, 'datalog.read', last=10)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(d['records']), 10)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='filament_1_failure', active=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIn('W45', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('power.on'))
+        f = Rig()
+        f.ready()
+        f.call(f.A, 'part.connect', **CHAMBER)
+        f.call(f.A, 'measure.start')
+        f.step(200.0)
+        f.call(f.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        f.step(100.0)
+        self.assertIn(f.read('state.current'), ('measure', 'calibration'))
+        f.call(f.E, 'truth.inspect')
+        _balance(self, f.ledger())
+
+
+class ReviewR1(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Round-1 runtime review regressions."""
+    def test_zero_follows_a_falling_signal(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.002, leaks=[dict(leak_id='w', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=5e-10 * MB)]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 600.0, 1.0)
+        g.step(20.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'zero.set', enabled=True)                                 # ZERO while the background is still falling
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('leak.status'), 'pass')                         # no false reject later
+        g.call(g.A, 'spray.set', target='w', on=True)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('leak.display_pa_m3_s'), 0.5 * 5e-10 * MB * rt.ENG['spray_he_fraction'])   # the sprayed leak is not masked
+
+    def test_start_during_vent_and_machine_factor(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', machine_factor=0.37)
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.stop', hold_s=3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'vent')
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'measure')
+
+    def test_two_stage_w76_and_huge_leaks_stable(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.0, surface_area_m2=0.0, leaks=[dict(leak_id=f'l{i}', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=100.0) for i in range(12)]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.step(31.0)
+        self.assertIn('W76', g.read('alarms.active'))                           # p1 never below 100 mbar within 30 s
+        tg = g.read('truth.gas')
+        self.assertTrue(all(math.isfinite(v) for v in (tg['total_pressure_pa'], tg['helium_partial_pa'])))
+        L = g.ledger()
+        _balance(self, L)
+
+    def test_internal_calibration_with_part_and_timing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        t = g.until(lambda: g.read('state.current') == 'standby', 120.0, 0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t, r['duration_s'], delta=6.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['duration_s'], 25.0, delta=0.5)                # about 25 s including the recovery after the test leak closes
+        h = Rig()
+        h.ready()
+        h.call(h.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.005, leaks=[]))
+        h.call(h.A, 'measure.start')
+        h.until(lambda: h.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 600.0, 1.0)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        h.call(h.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        h.step(300.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('W81', h.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('calibration.factor'), 1.0, delta=0.15)
+
+    def test_range_does_not_flap(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.002, surface_area_m2=1.0, material='neoprene_unbaked', leaks=[]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.step(600.0)
+        n = sum(e['code'].startswith('RANGE_') for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'])
+        self.assertLess(n, 25)                                                 # anti-hunting: at most one upgrade per minute
+
+
+class ReviewR2(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Round-2 review: calibration from vented standby, manual 6.4.5 alarm delay, anti-hunting reset, truth air inflow, recovery after calibration."""
+    def test_calibration_with_part_from_vented_standby(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.005, leaks=[]))
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        rem = []
+        t = g.until(lambda: rem.append(g.read('state.remaining_s')) or g.read('state.current') == 'standby', 600.0, 0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(all(x is not None and x > 0 for x in rem[:-1]), rem[:5])
+        self.assertLess(abs(t - r['duration_s']), 0.35 * t, (t, r['duration_s']))
+        self.assertNotIn('W81', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('calibration.factor'), 1.0, delta=0.03)
+        ref = Rig()
+        ref.ready()
+        ref.call(ref.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.005, leaks=[]))
+        ref.call(ref.A, 'measure.start')
+        ref.step(g.h.t - ref.h.t)
+        bg, bg_ref = g.read('truth.detector')['internal_background_pa_m3_s'], ref.read('truth.detector')['internal_background_pa_m3_s']
+        self.assertLess(bg, 1.2 * bg_ref, (bg, bg_ref))                       # no air helium counted above 15 mbar: background as after a normal START
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.step(300.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('leak.status'), 'pass')
+
+    def test_alarm_sounds_once_below_trigger_and_partition_independent(self):
+        part = dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.0005, surface_area_m2=0.05, leaks=[dict(leak_id='weld', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=1e-7 * MB)])
+        res = []
+        for chunks in ([0.5] * 40, [20.0]):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.ready()
+            g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **part)
+            g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+            for c in chunks:
+                g.step(c)
+            self.assertEqual(g.read('leak.status'), 'pass')
+            g.call(g.A, 'spray.set', target='weld', on=True)
+            g.step(4.0)
+            res.append((g.read('leak.status'), g.read('alarm.audible')))
+        self.assertEqual(res[0], ('reject', True))                             # 24 s after START: below trigger 1 earlier, so no alarm delay
+        self.assertEqual(res[0], res[1])
+
+    def test_new_start_is_not_held_by_an_old_downgrade(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.0005, surface_area_m2=0.05, leaks=[]))
+        g.h.downgrade_t = g.h.t                                                # a downgrade just happened in an earlier measurement
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        t = g.until(lambda: g.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 60.0, 0.5)
+        self.assertLess(t, 20.0)
+
+    def test_truth_air_inflow_matches_the_gas_balance(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.002, surface_area_m2=0.0,
+                                         leaks=[dict(leak_id='crack', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=1e-2, path_length_m=0.5, path_diameter_m=0.002)]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.step(60.0)
+        q = g.read('truth.leaks')['crack']['air_inflow_pa_m3_s']
+        L0 = g.ledger()['gas_leak_in']
+        g.step(2.0)
+        rate = (g.ledger()['gas_leak_in'] - L0) / 2.0
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(q / rate, 1.0, delta=0.02)
+
+    def test_no_false_reject_right_after_calibration(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.0005, surface_area_m2=0.05, leaks=[]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 120.0, 0.5)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('state.current') == 'measure', 120.0, 0.5)
+        st = []
+        for _ in range(20):
+            st.append(g.read('leak.status'))
+            g.step(0.5)
+        self.assertNotIn('reject', st)
+
+
+class ReviewR3(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Round-3 minors fixed directly: duration incl. range dwells, drift-corrected baseline, warning cleared by a new calibration, abort on re-pressurising."""
+    def test_duration_estimate_and_warning_cleared(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.005, leaks=[]))
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        t = g.until(lambda: g.read('state.current') == 'standby', 600.0, 0.5)
+        self.assertLess(abs(t - r['duration_s']), 6.0, (t, r['duration_s']))
+        g.h.warnings_latch = 'W76'                                              # an earlier aborted calibration
+        g.call(g.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        self.assertNotIn('W76', g.read('alarms.active'))
+
+    def test_no_false_reject_with_falling_background(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', trigger_1_pa_m3_s=2.3e-10)
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.01, leaks=[]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('range.current') == 'GROSS', 60.0, 0.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('state.current') == 'measure', 300.0, 0.5)
+        st = []
+        for _ in range(10):
+            st.append(g.read('leak.status'))
+            g.step(0.5)
+        self.assertNotIn('reject', st)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('calibration.factor'), 1.0, delta=0.02)
+
+    def test_repressurised_inlet_aborts_running_calibration(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, volume_m3=0.002, leaks=[]))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measure.start')
+        g.until(lambda: g.read('range.current') == 'ULTRA', 120.0, 0.5)
+        f0 = g.read('calibration.factor')
+        g.call(g.A, 'calibration.start', kind='internal')
+        g.until(lambda: g.h.cal is not None and g.h.cal['stage'] == 'open', 120.0, 0.5)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='scroll_pump_failure', active=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'part.connect', **dict(CHAMBER, part_id='chamber2', volume_m3=0.002, leaks=[dict(leak_id='big', helium_leak_rate_pa_m3_s=0.3)]), expect='PART_CONNECTED') if False else None
+        g.h.p1 = 5000.0                                                         # the inlet re-pressurises (evaluator-only situation)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.h.cal)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('calibration.factor'), f0)
+        self.assertIn('CAL_ABORTED', [e['code'] for e in g.call(g.E, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']])
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_ja_alphase.py b/tests/test_asset_ja_alphase.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..887fbfa210574cc12a6c4715f20fe657b34054b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_ja_alphase.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1912 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-157 ja_alphase (J.A. Woollam alpha-SE): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_ja_alphase.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances
+are isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation (truth slots, template substances of the true sample, fault events, other agents' records
+and operations), conservation (electrical energy = integral of the lamp and electronics power, lamp hours, stage and arm travel, liquid
+volume added = drained + in the cell), real return values validated against the declared schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value),
+asynchronous completion and cancellation remnants, host-step independence, declared immediate and on_step effects (scenario states, short
+and long windows); plus the instrument (initialisation, lamp warm-up, vacuum chuck, manual angle change with the plunger, Z stage and
+alignment, collision guard, liquid cell, faults) and the physics: exact Fresnel / Airy / Abeles optics, Brewster angle, Kramers-Kronig of the
+Tauc-Lorentz model, Bruggeman limits, pseudo dielectric inversion, the straight-through accuracy and the 2 nm SiO2 repeatability of the
+specification, calibration against the hidden angle / azimuth / retardance errors, %R against the model reflectance, Mueller-matrix
+structure of an isotropic sample, depolarization and backside reflections, and the CompleteEASE-like analysis (prefit, multi-angle fit,
+confidence limits, uniqueness, Tauc-Lorentz and library models).
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import time
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import ja_alphase as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_ja_alphase_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.JaAlphaseRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared and len(rt.EFFECTS) > 1:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.JaAlphaseRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+MZ = rt.MEASURE_POINT_M[2]
+PMMA = copy.deepcopy(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)                   # 120 nm PMMA over 1.8 nm SiO2 on a 2 in Si wafer
+CAL = copy.deepcopy(rt.CALIBRATION_WAFER)                  # 25 nm thermal oxide on Si
+OX2 = dict(sample_id='ox2_si', kind='film_stack', shape='disc', size_m=[0.1, 0.1], substrate_thickness_m=0.000525, substrate={'library': 'si'},
+           layers=[dict(material={'library': 'sio2'}, thickness_m=2e-9)], roughness_m=0.0, backside='rough')
+BARE = dict(sample_id='bare_si', kind='film_stack', shape='disc', size_m=[0.0508, 0.0508], substrate_thickness_m=0.000275, substrate={'library': 'si'}, layers=[],
+            roughness_m=0.0, backside='rough')
+SLIDE = dict(sample_id='tio2_slide', kind='film_stack', shape='rectangle', size_m=[0.0762, 0.0254], substrate_thickness_m=0.001, substrate={'library': 'soda_lime'},
+             layers=[dict(material={'library': 'tio2'}, thickness_m=80e-9)], roughness_m=2e-9, backside='polished')
+W200 = dict(sample_id='wafer_200', kind='film_stack', shape='disc', size_m=[0.2, 0.2], substrate_thickness_m=0.000725, substrate={'library': 'si'},
+            layers=[dict(material={'library': 'sio2'}, thickness_m=100e-9)], roughness_m=0.0, backside='rough')
+BLOCK = dict(sample_id='glass_block', kind='film_stack', shape='rectangle', size_m=[0.025, 0.025], substrate_thickness_m=0.006, substrate={'library': 'soda_lime'},
+             layers=[], roughness_m=0.0, backside='rough')
+TINY = dict(sample_id='tiny', kind='film_stack', shape='disc', size_m=[0.006, 0.006], substrate_thickness_m=0.0005, substrate={'library': 'si'}, layers=[],
+            roughness_m=0.0, backside='rough')
+MGF2 = dict(sample_id='mgf2_plate', kind='film_stack', shape='rectangle', size_m=[0.025, 0.025], substrate_thickness_m=0.001, substrate={'library': 'mgf2'},
+            layers=[], roughness_m=0.0, backside='rough')
+FIT = dict(record_ids=['SE0001'], model_id='cauchy_on_si', parameters={}, fit=['film.thickness_m', 'film.A', 'film.B'], thickness_prefit=True)
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, samples=(PMMA, CAL), **plant):
+    h = rt.JaAlphaseRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    for s in samples:
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **s)
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, warm=600.0, samples=(PMMA, CAL), **plant):
+    h = configured(seed, samples, **plant)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(warm)
+    return h
+
+
+def settle(h, limit=600.0, dt=0.5):
+    t = 0.0
+    while (h._stage_moving() or h._arm_seat_at is not None) and t < limit:
+        h.step(dt)
+        t += dt
+    assert not (h._stage_moving() or h._arm_seat_at is not None)
+    return h
+
+
+def wait(h, op, tmax=900.0, dt=0.5):
+    t = 0.0
+    while h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'running' and t < tmax:
+        h.step(dt)
+        t += dt
+    assert h.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', op
+    return h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+
+
+def held(sample=PMMA, seed=1, offset=(0.0, 0.0), samples=(PMMA, CAL), **plant):
+    h = ready(seed, samples=tuple(samples) + ((sample,) if sample not in samples else ()), **plant)
+    h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id=sample['sample_id'], offset_x_m=offset[0], offset_y_m=offset[1])
+    h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+    return h
+
+
+def measure(h, mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None):
+    op = h.invoke('measure', mode=mode, alignment=alignment, fixed_height_m=fixed_height_m, model_id=model_id)['operation_id']
+    return wait(h, op)
+
+
+def straight_through(h):
+    settle(h)
+    h.invoke('aoi.set', position='90')
+    settle(h)
+    return measure(h, alignment='none')
+
+
+def rejected(h, cap, code, **a):
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    rev = h.revision
+    led = h.ledger()
+    try:
+        h.invoke(cap, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        assert str(exc) == code, (cap, str(exc), code)
+        assert not _changed(h.read('evaluator'), before), cap
+        assert h.revision == rev, cap
+        assert not _changed(h.ledger(), led), cap
+        return True
+    raise AssertionError(f'{cap} was not rejected (expected {code})')
+
+
+def _into(h, phase, frac=0.5):
+    """Advance event-exactly to the given phase of the running operation and then to `frac` of its duration."""
+    for _ in range(20):
+        o = h.op
+        assert o is not None, phase
+        end = o['ends'][o['i']]
+        if o['phases'][o['i']][0] == phase:
+            h.step(max(0.0, (end - h.t) * frac))
+            return h
+        h.step(max(0.0, end - h.t) + 1e-9)
+    raise AssertionError(phase)
+
+
+def _ncs(psi, delta):
+    return rt.ncs_of(np.asarray(psi), np.asarray(delta))
+
+
+def _close(a, b, rel=1e-8):
+    """Nested equality with a relative tolerance for floats (host-step chopping only reorders floating-point sums)."""
+    if isinstance(a, dict) and isinstance(b, dict):
+        return a.keys() == b.keys() and all(_close(a[k], b[k], rel) for k in a)
+    if isinstance(a, (list, tuple)) and isinstance(b, (list, tuple)):
+        return len(a) == len(b) and all(_close(x, y, rel) for x, y in zip(a, b))
+    if isinstance(a, float) or isinstance(b, float):
+        return abs(a - b) <= rel * max(abs(a), abs(b), 1e-300)
+    return a == b
+
+
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.ja_alphase')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-157')
+        self.assertEqual(len(rt.wavelengths_nm()), 180)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.wavelengths_nm()[0], 380.0, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.wavelengths_nm()[-1], 900.0, places=9)
+        e = rt.HC_EV_NM / rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(np.diff(e[::-1]), rt.PIXEL_WIDTH_EV))                   # pixels equal in photon energy
+
+    def test_schemas_lint_and_examples_validate(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for part in ('input_schema', 'output_schema'):
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c[part]), [], (k, part))
+            ex = rt.CAPS[k].get('example_arguments')
+            if ex is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(ex, c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, s in m['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+        for name in ('fresh', 'ready', 'acquiring', 'measured', 'cell_filled', 'calibrated'):
+            v = _scenario(name).read('evaluator')
+            for k, x in v.items():
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(x, m['state_slots'][k]['value_schema']), [], (name, k))
+        h = _scenario('measured')
+        for rid in h.records:
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(h._out(h.records[rid]), m['capabilities']['measurement.result']['output_schema']), [], rid)
+
+    def test_metadata_references_are_consistent(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        slots = set(m['state_slots'])
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, (k, e))
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                for x in pre['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            for x in c['execution']['completion_state_ids']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            codes = [e['code'] for e in c['errors']]
+            self.assertEqual(len(codes), len(set(codes)), k)
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertIn(e['code'], rt.ERROR_ZH, (k, e['code']))
+        for k in rt.CAPS:
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAP_SOURCES, k)
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.PRECONDITIONS) - set(rt.CAPS), set())
+        for k, v in rt.EFFECTS.items():
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAPS)
+            self.assertEqual(set(v) - slots, set(), k)
+        for k, v in rt.ON_STEP.items():
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAPS)
+            self.assertEqual(set(v) - slots, set(), k)
+        for mech in m['mechanisms'].values():
+            self.assertEqual(set(mech['state_ids']) - slots, set())
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities_report_unsupported(self):
+        h = ready()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                _orig_invoke(h, k, **(rt.CAPS[k].get('example_arguments') or {}))
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'UNSUPPORTED')
+            self.assertEqual(_meta()['capabilities'][k]['availability'], 'unsupported')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='export.dataset', arguments={}, request_id='u1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'unsupported')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_and_describe_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = _scenario('acquiring')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        t, rev, led = h.t, h.revision, h.ledger()
+        for i in range(3):
+            h.read('evaluator'); s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id); s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+            s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id=f'e{i}')
+        self.assertEqual((h.t, h.revision), (t, rev))
+        self.assertFalse(_changed(h.ledger(), led))
+
+    def test_step_zero_and_negative(self):
+        h = ready()
+        v = h.read('evaluator')
+        h.step(0.0)
+        self.assertFalse(_changed(h.read('evaluator'), v))
+        for bad in (-1.0, float('nan'), float('inf')):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.step(bad)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=2.5)['time_s'], v['clock.time_s'] + 2.5)
+
+    def test_host_step_chopping_does_not_change_the_result(self):
+        """Power-up and warm-up, an angle change, a Z move, a calibration and a fitted measurement advanced in single host steps and in irregular small
+        steps give identical records, positions and ledgers (phases, motions and the lamp are cut exactly at events)."""
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = configured()
+
+            def adv(T):
+                if chunks:
+                    t, i = 0.0, 0
+                    while t < T - 1e-12:
+                        d = min((0.037, 0.211, 0.0043, 0.5, 1.7)[i % 5], T - t)
+                        h.step(d)
+                        t += d
+                        i += 1
+                else:
+                    h.step(T)
+            h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+            adv(40.0)
+            h.invoke('aoi.set', position='65')
+            adv(5.0)
+            h.invoke('stage.move_z', z_m=MZ - 0.005)
+            adv(6.0)
+            h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='cal_wafer', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+            h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+            op = h.invoke('calibration.run')['operation_id']
+            adv(h.op['duration_s'] + 0.5)
+            h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=False)
+            h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='cal_wafer')
+            h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='pmma_on_si', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+            h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+            op2 = h.invoke('measure', mode='fast', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id='cauchy_on_si')['operation_id']
+            adv(h.op['duration_s'] + 0.5)
+            self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'completed')
+            self.assertEqual(h.operations[op2]['phase'], 'completed')
+            return h, h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']], h.records[h.operations[op2]['record_id']]
+        a, ca, ra = run(False)
+        b, cb, rb = run(True)
+        self.assertTrue(_close(ca['calibration'], cb['calibration']))
+        self.assertTrue(_close(ra['psi_rad'], rb['psi_rad'], 1e-10))
+        self.assertTrue(_close(ra['delta_rad'], rb['delta_rad'], 1e-10))
+        self.assertTrue(_close(ra['fit']['parameters'], rb['fit']['parameters'], 1e-6))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.z, b.z, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.arm_el, b.arm_el, places=12)
+        for k, v in a.ledger().items():
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(v, b.ledger()[k], delta=1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(v)), msg=k)
+
+    def test_reads_do_not_change_later_results(self):
+        def run(reads):
+            h = held()
+            op = h.invoke('measure', mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id='cauchy_on_si')['operation_id']
+            for i in range(30):
+                if reads:
+                    h.read('evaluator'); h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0); h.invoke('records.list'); h.invoke('ledger.read'); h.invoke('models.list')
+                h.step(0.7)
+            rec = wait(h, op)
+            return rec['psi_rad'], rec['fit']['mse'], h.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(run(False), run(True))
+
+    def test_set_points_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = _scenario('held')
+        z0 = h.z
+        out = h.invoke('stage.move_z', z_m=z0 + 0.004)
+        self.assertEqual(h.z, z0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.z_target_m'], z0 + 0.004)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], 0.004 / rt.STAGE_Z_SPEED_M_S)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.z, z0 + 0.5 * rt.STAGE_Z_SPEED_M_S, places=12)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['stage.moving'])
+        settle(h)
+        e0 = h.arm_el
+        out = h.invoke('aoi.set', position='75')
+        self.assertEqual(h.arm_el, e0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['aoi.position'])
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['aoi.moving'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], math.radians(5.0) / rt.ARM_SPEED_RAD_S + 2.0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.arm_el, e0)                                        # the plunger is pulled first
+        h.step(0.25)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.arm_el, e0 - 0.25 * rt.ARM_SPEED_RAD_S, places=12)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['aoi.position'], '75')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.arm_el, math.radians(15.0), places=12)
+        h2 = configured()
+        h2.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h2.read()['system.state'], 'booting')
+        h2.step(rt.BOOT_S - 0.01)
+        self.assertEqual(h2.read()['system.state'], 'booting')
+        h2.step(0.02)
+        self.assertEqual(h2.read()['system.state'], 'ready')
+
+
+class PowerLampVacuum(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_lamp_warm_up_and_ageing(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        age = 1.0 - rt.LAMP_END_OF_LIFE_LOSS * rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['lamp_age_s'] / rt.LAMP_RATED_S
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.lamp_intensity_rel'], age * (1 - rt.LAMP_WARMUP_DEFICIT), places=12)
+        h.step(90.0)
+        age = 1.0 - rt.LAMP_END_OF_LIFE_LOSS * (rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['lamp_age_s'] + 90.0) / rt.LAMP_RATED_S
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.lamp_intensity_rel'], age * (1 - rt.LAMP_WARMUP_DEFICIT * math.exp(-1.0)), places=9)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['lamp.warmed_up'])
+        h.step(rt.LAMP_WARMUP_TAU_S * math.log(rt.LAMP_WARMUP_DEFICIT / 0.01) - 90.0 + 0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['lamp.warmed_up'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['lamp.on_time_s'], rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['lamp_age_s'] + h.t, places=6)
+        old = ready(lamp_age_s=3000.0 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertLess(old.read('evaluator')['truth.lamp_intensity_rel'], h.read('evaluator')['truth.lamp_intensity_rel'] * 0.8)
+        cold = configured()
+        cold.invoke('aoi.set', position='90')
+        settle(cold)
+        cold.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        cold.step(20.0)
+        rec = measure(cold, alignment='none')
+        self.assertIn('lamp_not_warmed_up', rec['warnings'])
+        warm = straight_through(ready())
+        self.assertNotIn('lamp_not_warmed_up', warm['warnings'])
+
+    def test_power_mains_and_power_loss_during_a_measurement(self):
+        h = configured(mains_voltage_v=60.0)
+        rejected(h, 'power.set', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE', enabled=True)
+        rejected(h, 'measure', 'POWER_OFF', mode='standard', alignment='none', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        h = held()
+        rejected(h, 'plant.configure', 'POWER_ON', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        op = h.invoke('measure', mode='long', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)['operation_id']
+        _into(h, 'acquiring', 0.5)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason'], rec['psi_rad']), ('failed', 'POWER_OFF', None))
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['lamp.on'])
+        h.invoke('power.press_button')
+        self.assertTrue(h.power)
+        h.invoke('power.press_button')
+        self.assertFalse(h.power)
+
+    def test_vacuum_holds_only_a_sample_covering_the_holes_with_enough_supply(self):
+        h = held()
+        self.assertTrue(h.read('evaluator')['sample.held'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['vacuum.pressure_pa'], rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['vacuum_supply_pa'])
+        rejected(h, 'sample.remove', 'SAMPLE_HELD', sample_id='pmma_on_si')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.press_switch')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('evaluator')['sample.held'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['vacuum.pressure_pa'], 101325.0)
+        loose = measure(h)                                                  # the vacuum only holds the sample; measuring works without it
+        self.assertEqual(loose['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertIn('sample_not_held', loose['warnings'])
+        h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='pmma_on_si')
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **TINY)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='tiny', offset_x_m=0.0015, offset_y_m=0.0)     # one hole uncovered
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('evaluator')['sample.held'])
+        self.assertGreater(h.read('evaluator')['vacuum.pressure_pa'], 80.0e3)
+        weak = held(vacuum_supply_pa=90.0e3)
+        self.assertFalse(weak.read('evaluator')['sample.held'])
+        self.assertIn('sample_not_held', measure(weak)['warnings'])
+        op = h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=False)
+        self.assertEqual(op['on'], False)
+
+
+class MechanicsAndCollision(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_angle_positions_arm_elevation_and_plunger(self):
+        h = ready()
+        for a in ('65', '75', '90', '70'):
+            h.invoke('aoi.set', position=a)
+            rejected(h, 'measure', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', mode='standard', alignment='none', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+            settle(h)
+            self.assertEqual(h.read()['aoi.position'], a)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['aoi.arm_elevation_rad'], math.radians(90.0 - float(a)), places=12)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('aoi.set', position='70')['duration_s'], 0.0)              # already seated there
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['aoi_changes'], 4.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['arm_travel_rad'], math.radians(5 + 10 + 15 + 20), places=9)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('aoi.set', position='60')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='plunger_not_seated', active=True)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['aoi.position'])
+        rejected(h, 'measure', 'AOI_NOT_SEATED', mode='standard', alignment='none', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='70')
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['aoi.position'])                                       # still not seated
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='plunger_not_seated', active=False)
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='70')
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['aoi.position'], '70')
+
+    def test_collision_guard_for_large_and_raised_samples(self):
+        h = ready(samples=(PMMA, CAL, W200))
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'COLLISION_RISK', sample_id='wafer_200', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)      # would run into the Z guide
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'NOT_ON_PLATFORM', sample_id='pmma_on_si', offset_x_m=0.03, offset_y_m=0.0)  # the beam would miss it
+        out = h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='wafer_200', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=-0.052)                   # overhangs the base front
+        self.assertTrue(out['covers_vacuum_holes'])
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        rec = measure(h)
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        rejected(h, 'aoi.set', 'COLLISION_RISK', position='90')                  # the horizontal arms would hit the wafer at the measuring height
+        h.invoke('stage.move_z', z_m=rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[0])
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='90')
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_z', 'COLLISION_RISK', z_m=rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[1])
+        st = measure(h, alignment='none')
+        self.assertEqual(st['status'], 'completed')                               # lowered far enough: the beam passes over the wafer
+        h2 = ready(samples=(PMMA, CAL, BLOCK))
+        h2.invoke('aoi.set', position='90')
+        settle(h2)
+        h2.invoke('stage.move_z', z_m=MZ - 0.004)
+        settle(h2)
+        h2.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='glass_block', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)     # 6 mm block reaches into the beam
+        h2.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        rec = measure(h2, alignment='none')
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason']), ('failed', 'BEAM_BLOCKED'))
+        rejected(h2, 'measure', 'ALIGNMENT_NOT_POSSIBLE_STRAIGHT_THROUGH', mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        rejected(h2, 'measure', 'MODE_NOT_AVAILABLE', mode='mm', alignment='none', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        rejected(h2, 'measure', 'NO_SAMPLE_IN_BEAM', mode='standard', alignment='none', fixed_height_m=None, model_id='cauchy_on_si')
+
+    def test_sample_definitions_are_checked(self):
+        h = configured()
+        for bad, code in [(dict(PMMA, sample_id='big', size_m=[0.25, 0.25]), 'SAMPLE_SIZE_OUT_OF_RANGE'),
+                          (dict(PMMA, sample_id='small', size_m=[0.004, 0.004]), 'SAMPLE_SIZE_OUT_OF_RANGE'),
+                          (dict(PMMA, sample_id='thick', substrate_thickness_m=0.017), 'SAMPLE_TOO_THICK'),
+                          (dict(PMMA, sample_id='pmma_on_si'), 'DUPLICATE_SAMPLE'),
+                          (dict(PMMA, sample_id='oval', size_m=[0.05, 0.04]), 'INVALID_ARGUMENT')]:
+            rejected(h, 'sample.provide', code, **bad)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', **dict(PMMA, sample_id='unobtainium', substrate={'library': 'unobtainium'}))
+        for i in range(rt.MAX_SAMPLES - 2):
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', **dict(BARE, sample_id=f's{i}'))
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'TOO_MANY_SAMPLES', **dict(BARE, sample_id='one_more'))
+
+
+class OpticsPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_bare_silicon_and_oxide_growth(self):
+        lam = np.array([632.8])
+        N = rt.library_index('si', lam)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(N.real[0], rt.substance('si')['at_632_8nm']['n'], places=4)
+        rp, rs = rt.stack_rps(lam, np.ones(1, complex), [], N, math.radians(70.0))
+        psi, delta = rt.psi_delta(*rt.rncs(rp, rs)[1:])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(psi[0], 10.5, delta=0.1)
+        self.assertGreater(delta[0], 178.5)                                    # Woollam convention: bare Si just below 180 deg at 70 deg
+        last = delta[0]
+        for d in (5e-9, 25e-9, 50e-9):
+            rp, rs = rt.stack_rps(lam, np.ones(1, complex), [(rt.library_index('sio2', lam), d)], N, math.radians(70.0))
+            psi, dl = rt.psi_delta(*rt.rncs(rp, rs)[1:])
+            self.assertLess(dl[0], last)                                     # Delta falls as the oxide grows
+            last = dl[0]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(last, 91.4, delta=6.0)
+
+    def test_airy_and_abeles_agree_and_conserve_energy(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        n1, n2, ns = rt.library_index('tio2', lam), rt.library_index('sio2', lam), rt.library_index('n_bk7', lam).real + 0j
+        layers = [(n1.real + 0j, 80e-9), (n2.real + 0j, 150e-9)]
+        th = math.radians(65.0)
+        rp, rs = rt.stack_rps(lam, np.ones_like(n1), layers, ns, th)
+        for pol, r in (('p', rp), ('s', rs)):
+            r2, t2, T = rt._stack_rt(lam, np.ones_like(n1), layers, ns, np.sin(th) * np.ones_like(n1), pol)
+            self.assertLess(np.max(np.abs(r2 - r)), 1e-12)
+            self.assertLess(np.max(np.abs(np.abs(r2) ** 2 + T - 1.0)), 1e-12)
+            q_in, q_out = rt._q(np.ones_like(n1), np.sin(th)), rt._q(ns, np.sin(th))
+            eta = (lambda N, q: q) if pol == 's' else (lambda N, q: N * N / q)
+            self.assertLess(np.max(np.abs(np.abs(t2) ** 2 * np.real(eta(ns, q_out)) / np.real(eta(np.ones_like(n1), q_in)) - T)), 1e-12)
+
+    def test_brewster_angle_of_glass(self):
+        lam = np.array([632.8])
+        n = rt.library_index('n_bk7', lam).real[0]
+        tb = math.atan(n)
+        rp, rs = rt.stack_rps(lam, np.ones(1, complex), [], np.array([n + 0j]), tb)
+        psi, _ = rt.psi_delta(*rt.rncs(rp, rs)[1:])
+        self.assertLess(psi[0], 1e-6)
+        rp2, _ = rt.stack_rps(lam, np.ones(1, complex), [], np.array([n + 0j]), tb + math.radians(1.0))
+        self.assertGreater(abs(rp2[0]), 1e-3)
+
+    def test_tauc_lorentz_kramers_kronig_and_bruggeman_limits(self):
+        from scipy.integrate import quad
+        p = dict(eps_inf=1.15, Eg=1.2, A=122.0, E0=3.45, C=2.54)
+        E = np.array([1.5, 2.5, 3.2])
+        eps = rt.tauc_lorentz_eps(E, p['eps_inf'], p['Eg'], p['A'], p['E0'], p['C'])
+
+        def e2(x):
+            return p['A'] * p['E0'] * p['C'] * (x - p['Eg']) ** 2 / ((x * x - p['E0'] ** 2) ** 2 + p['C'] ** 2 * x * x) / x if x > p['Eg'] else 0.0
+        for Ei, ei in zip(E, eps):
+            pv = quad(lambda x: x * e2(x) / (x + Ei), p['Eg'], 2000.0, weight='cauchy', wvar=Ei, limit=400)[0]
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(ei.real, p['eps_inf'] + 2 / math.pi * pv, delta=2e-3 * abs(ei.real))
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(ei.imag, e2(Ei), places=12)
+        ea, eb = np.array([2.1 + 0.0j]), np.array([12.0 + 1.0j])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.bruggeman(ea, eb, 0.0)[0], ea[0])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.bruggeman(ea, eb, 1.0)[0], eb[0])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.bruggeman(ea, eb, 0.3)[0], rt.bruggeman(eb, ea, 0.7)[0])
+
+    def test_pseudo_dielectric_inversion_is_exact_for_a_bare_substrate(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        for amb in ('air', 'water'):
+            N0 = np.ones(lam.shape, complex) if amb == 'air' else rt.library_index('water', lam)
+            N = rt.library_index('gaas', lam)
+            rp, rs = rt.stack_rps(lam, N0, [], N, math.radians(70.0))
+            psi, delta = rt.psi_delta(*rt.rncs(rp, rs)[1:])
+            ps = rt.pseudo_constants(dict(record_id='x', wavelengths_m=list(lam * 1e-9), aoi_rad=math.radians(70.0), ambient=amb, psi_rad=list(np.radians(psi)),
+                                          delta_rad=list(np.radians(delta))))
+            self.assertLess(np.max(np.abs(np.array(ps['n']) + 1j * np.array(ps['k']) - N)), 1e-9, amb)
+
+    def test_depolarization_from_non_uniformity_and_backside_beams(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        base = dict(PMMA, layers=[dict(material={'library': 'pmma'}, thickness_m=1.0e-6)])
+        uni = rt.sample_mueller(base, lam, math.radians(70.0))
+        non = rt.sample_mueller(dict(base, layers=[dict(material={'library': 'pmma'}, thickness_m=1.0e-6, nonuniformity=0.02)]), lam, math.radians(70.0))
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.mean(non['depol'])), 5 * float(np.mean(uni['depol'])))
+        rough = rt.sample_mueller(dict(SLIDE, backside='rough'), lam, math.radians(70.0))
+        pol = rt.sample_mueller(SLIDE, lam, math.radians(70.0))
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.mean(pol['R'])), float(np.mean(rough['R'])))            # the back face adds light
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.mean(pol['depol'])), float(np.mean(rough['depol'])) + 0.01)
+
+
+class InstrumentAccuracy(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_straight_through_meets_the_accuracy_specification(self):
+        """Specification: straight-through empty beam Psi = 45 +- 0.1 deg and Delta = 0 +- 0.2 deg (98 % of the wavelengths, 10 s)."""
+        for seed in (1, 2, 3, 4):
+            rec = straight_through(ready(seed))
+            dp = np.abs(np.degrees(rec['psi_rad']) - 45.0)
+            dd = np.abs((np.degrees(rec['delta_rad']) + 180.0) % 360.0 - 180.0)
+            frac = float(np.mean((dp <= rt.ACCURACY_PSI_DEG) & (dd <= rt.ACCURACY_DELTA_DEG)))
+            CHECKS.append(dict(check='straight_through_accuracy', seed=seed, fraction_within=frac, psi_p98=float(np.percentile(dp, 98)),
+                               delta_p98=float(np.percentile(dd, 98))))
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(frac, 0.98, seed)
+
+    def test_repeatability_of_2nm_oxide_and_mode_times(self):
+        """Specification: 30 repeated 10 s measurements of 2 nm SiO2 on Si at 70 deg, thickness 1 sigma 0.01 nm; the noise falls with the mode time."""
+        sd = {}
+        for mode in ('fast', 'standard', 'long'):
+            h = held(OX2, offset=(0.0, -0.02))
+            th = []
+            for i in range(30):
+                rec = measure(h, mode=mode, alignment='standard' if i == 0 else 'none', model_id='si_native_oxide')
+                th.append(rec['fit']['parameters']['oxide.thickness_m']['value'])
+            sd[mode] = float(np.std(th, ddof=1))
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.mean(th)), 2e-9, delta=0.05e-9)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(rec['finished_s'] - rec['started_s'], rt.ALIGN_TIME_S['none'] + rt.MODE_TIME_S[mode] + rt.FIT_TIME_S, places=6)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='repeatability_2nm_sio2', sigma_m=sd))
+        self.assertLessEqual(sd['standard'], rt.REPEATABILITY_2NM_SIO2_M)
+        self.assertGreater(sd['fast'], sd['standard'])
+        self.assertGreater(sd['standard'], sd['long'])
+
+    def test_calibration_recovers_the_hidden_instrument_errors(self):
+        h = held(CAL, calibration='nominal')
+        rec0 = measure(h, model_id='si_native_oxide')
+        self.assertIn('instrument_not_calibrated', rec0['warnings'])
+        op = h.invoke('calibration.run')['operation_id']
+        rec = wait(h, op)
+        c, tr = h.cal, h.truth
+        self.assertEqual(c['status'], 'calibrated')
+        self.assertLess(abs(math.degrees(c['aoi_rad']['70']) - tr['aoi_deg'][70.0]), 0.01)
+        self.assertLess(abs(math.degrees(c['polarizer_offset_rad'] - tr['P_offset'])), 0.05)
+        self.assertLess(abs(math.degrees(c['analyzer_rad'] - tr['A'])), 0.05)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rec['calibration']['reference_thickness_m'], 25e-9, delta=0.1e-9)
+        self.assertEqual(c['aoi_rad']['65'], math.radians(65.0))                               # only the calibrated position changes
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='calibration', aoi_error_rad=c['aoi_rad']['70'] - math.radians(tr['aoi_deg'][70.0]),
+                           nominal_aoi_error_rad=math.radians(70.0 - tr['aoi_deg'][70.0])))
+        rec1 = measure(h, model_id='si_native_oxide')
+        self.assertNotIn('instrument_not_calibrated', rec1['warnings'])
+        self.assertLess(rec1['fit']['mse'], rec0['fit']['mse'])
+        rejected(h, 'records.delete', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', record_id='XX0001')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=False)
+        h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='cal_wafer')
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='pmma_on_si', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        rejected(h, 'calibration.run', 'CALIBRATION_WAFER_REQUIRED')
+
+    def test_reflectance_follows_the_straight_through_baseline(self):
+        h = ready(samples=(PMMA, CAL, BARE))
+        straight_through(h)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['calibration.baseline']['valid'])
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='70')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='bare_si', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        rec = measure(h)
+        truth = rt.sample_mueller(BARE, rt.wavelengths_nm(), math.radians(h.truth['aoi_deg'][70.0]))['R']
+        rel = np.abs(np.array(rec['reflectance']) / truth - 1.0)
+        self.assertLess(float(np.median(rel)), 0.01)
+        fresh = held(BARE, samples=(PMMA, CAL, BARE))
+        self.assertIsNone(measure(fresh)['reflectance'])                       # no baseline yet
+
+    def test_mueller_matrix_of_an_isotropic_sample(self):
+        h = held()
+        se = measure(h)
+        mm = measure(h, mode='mm')
+        M = {k: np.array(v) for k, v in mm['mueller'].items()}
+        for k in ('m13', 'm23', 'm31', 'm32', 'm41', 'm42'):
+            self.assertLess(float(np.max(np.abs(M[k]))), 0.01, k)
+        self.assertLess(float(np.max(np.abs(M['m12'] - M['m21']))), 0.01)
+        self.assertLess(float(np.max(np.abs(M['m22'] - 1.0))), 0.01)
+        for a, b in ((mm['N'], se['N']), (mm['C'], se['C']), (mm['S'], se['S'])):
+            self.assertLess(float(np.max(np.abs(np.array(a) - np.array(b)))), 0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(mm['finished_s'] - mm['started_s'], rt.ALIGN_TIME_S['standard'] + rt.MODE_TIME_S['mm'], delta=0.5)
+
+
+class AlignmentAndHeight(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_alignment_modes(self):
+        h = held()
+        rec = measure(h, alignment='none')                                     # the stage is still at its reference height
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason']), ('failed', 'NO_SIGNAL'))
+        rec = measure(h, alignment='standard')
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        z_ok = rec['stage_z_m']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(z_ok + rt.sample_height_m(PMMA), MZ, delta=15e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.last_aligned_z_m'], z_ok)
+        rec = measure(h, alignment='fixed_height', fixed_height_m=MZ - rt.sample_height_m(PMMA) - 50e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertIn('height_offset_um:-50', rec['warnings'])
+        rec = measure(h, alignment='fixed_height', fixed_height_m=MZ - rt.sample_height_m(PMMA) - 1.5e-3)
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason']), ('failed', 'NO_SIGNAL'))
+        rejected(h, 'measure', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=MZ - 0.001, model_id=None)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=False)
+        h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='pmma_on_si')
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **BLOCK)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='glass_block', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        rec = measure(h, alignment='standard')                                 # 5.7 mm higher than the last aligned height
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason']), ('failed', 'ALIGNMENT_FAILED'))
+        rec = measure(h, alignment='robust')
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rec['stage_z_m'] + 0.006, MZ, delta=15e-6)
+
+    def test_too_little_reflected_light_fails_the_alignment(self):
+        h = ready(samples=(PMMA, CAL, MGF2))
+        h.invoke('liquid_cell.install', sample_id='mgf2_plate')
+        h.invoke('liquid_cell.fill', liquid_id='ethanol', volume_m3=480e-9)     # index-matched: almost no reflection
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        rec = measure(h, alignment='robust')
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason']), ('failed', 'ALIGNMENT_FAILED'))
+
+
+class LiquidCell(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_cell_rules_volumes_and_a_fit_in_water(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='65')
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'liquid_cell.install', 'AOI_NOT_70', sample_id='pmma_on_si')
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='70')
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'liquid_cell.fill', 'NO_LIQUID_CELL', liquid_id='water', volume_m3=100e-9)
+        h.invoke('liquid_cell.install', sample_id='pmma_on_si')
+        rejected(h, 'aoi.set', 'LIQUID_CELL_INSTALLED', position='75')
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'SAMPLE_NOT_ON_BENCH', sample_id='pmma_on_si', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'STAGE_OCCUPIED', sample_id='cal_wafer', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        air = measure(h)
+        self.assertEqual((air['status'], air['ambient']), ('completed', 'air'))
+        h.invoke('liquid_cell.fill', liquid_id='water', volume_m3=300e-9)
+        rejected(h, 'measure', 'LIQUID_LEVEL_LOW', mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        rejected(h, 'liquid_cell.fill', 'CELL_OVERFLOW', liquid_id='water', volume_m3=250e-9)
+        rejected(h, 'liquid_cell.fill', 'DIFFERENT_LIQUID', liquid_id='ethanol', volume_m3=10e-9)
+        h.invoke('liquid_cell.fill', liquid_id='water', volume_m3=150e-9)
+        wet = measure(h)
+        self.assertEqual((wet['status'], wet['ambient']), ('completed', 'water'))
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.max(np.abs(np.array(wet['psi_rad']) - np.array(air['psi_rad'])))), math.radians(2.0))
+        fa = h.invoke('analysis.fit', **dict(FIT, record_ids=[air['record_id']]))
+        fw = h.invoke('analysis.fit', **dict(FIT, record_ids=[wet['record_id']]))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fw['parameters']['film.thickness_m']['value'], fa['parameters']['film.thickness_m']['value'], delta=1.0e-9)
+        self.assertLess(fw['mse'], 5.0)
+        rejected(h, 'liquid_cell.remove', 'CELL_NOT_EMPTY')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('liquid_cell.drain')['drained_m3'], 450e-9)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['liquid_added_m3'], led['liquid_drained_m3'] + led['liquid_in_cell_m3'], places=18)
+        self.assertEqual(led['liquid_residual_m3'], 0.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('liquid_cell.remove')['sample_id'], 'pmma_on_si')
+        self.assertIn('pmma_on_si', h.read()['sample.bench_ids'])
+        h2 = ready(samples=(PMMA, CAL, W200))
+        rejected(h2, 'liquid_cell.install', 'SAMPLE_DOES_NOT_FIT_CELL', sample_id='wafer_200')
+
+
+class Analysis(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_fit_confidence_limits_and_nk(self):
+        h = _scenario('measured')
+        f = h.records['SE0001']['fit']
+        p = f['parameters']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['film.thickness_m']['value'], 121.8e-9, delta=0.6e-9)          # 120 nm PMMA + 1.8 nm oxide as one layer
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(f['nk_632_8nm']['film']['n'], rt.substance('pmma')['at_632_8nm']['n'], delta=0.01)
+        self.assertLess(f['mse'], 5.0)
+        self.assertTrue(f['converged'])
+        for k in f['fitted_parameters']:
+            self.assertGreater(p[k]['ci90'], 0.0)
+        C = np.array(f['correlation'])
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(C, C.T))
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(np.diag(C), 1.0))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['result.last_thickness_m'], p['film.thickness_m']['value'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['result.last_mse'], f['mse'])
+
+    def test_thickness_prefit_finds_the_global_minimum(self):
+        h = _scenario('measured')
+        far = dict(FIT, parameters={'film.thickness_m': 700e-9})
+        good = h.invoke('analysis.fit', **far)
+        bad = h.invoke('analysis.fit', **dict(far, thickness_prefit=False))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(good['parameters']['film.thickness_m']['value'], 121.8e-9, delta=0.6e-9)
+        self.assertGreater(bad['mse'], 10 * good['mse'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(h.records[good['record_id']]['fit']['prefit'])
+        self.assertIsNone(h.records[bad['record_id']]['fit']['prefit'])
+
+    def test_multi_angle_fit_and_uniqueness(self):
+        h = held()
+        rids = []
+        for a in ('65', '70', '75'):
+            h.invoke('aoi.set', position=a)
+            settle(h)
+            rids.append(measure(h)['record_id'])
+        one = h.invoke('analysis.fit', **dict(FIT, record_ids=[rids[1]], fit=FIT['fit'] + ['film.C']))
+        three = h.invoke('analysis.fit', **dict(FIT, record_ids=rids, fit=FIT['fit'] + ['film.C']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(three['parameters']['film.thickness_m']['value'], one['parameters']['film.thickness_m']['value'], delta=1.0e-9)
+        self.assertLess(three['parameters']['film.thickness_m']['ci90'], one['parameters']['film.thickness_m']['ci90'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.records[three['record_id']]['model_curves']), 3)
+        u = h.invoke('analysis.uniqueness', record_ids=[rids[1]], model_id='cauchy_on_si', parameters={}, fit=['film.A', 'film.B'],
+                     scan_parameter='film.thickness_m', values=list(np.linspace(80e-9, 160e-9, 17)))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(u['best_value'], 120e-9, delta=5.1e-9)
+        self.assertEqual(len(u['local_minima']), 1)
+        self.assertLess(min(u['mse']) * 5, max(u['mse']))
+
+    def test_library_tauc_lorentz_and_pseudo_models(self):
+        asi = dict(PMMA, sample_id='asi_on_oxide', layers=[dict(material={'library': 'a_si'}, thickness_m=30e-9), dict(material={'library': 'sio2'}, thickness_m=100e-9)])
+        gold = dict(BARE, sample_id='gold', substrate={'library': 'au'})
+        h = held(asi, samples=(PMMA, CAL, gold))
+        rec = measure(h, alignment='robust')
+        out = h.invoke('analysis.fit', record_ids=[rec['record_id']], model_id='tauc_lorentz_on_si',
+                       parameters={'interface.thickness_m': 100e-9, 'film.thickness_m': 25e-9, 'film.eps_inf': 1.15, 'film.Eg_ev': 1.2, 'film.A_ev': 122.0,
+                                   'film.E0_ev': 3.45, 'film.C_ev': 2.54}, fit=['film.thickness_m', 'film.A_ev', 'film.E0_ev', 'film.C_ev', 'film.Eg_ev'], thickness_prefit=False)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['parameters']['film.thickness_m']['value'], 30e-9, delta=0.5e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['nk_632_8nm']['film']['n'], rt.substance('a_si')['at_632_8nm']['n'], delta=0.05)
+        self.assertLess(out['mse'], 5.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=False)
+        h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='asi_on_oxide')
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='gold', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        rec = measure(h, alignment='robust')
+        lib = h.invoke('analysis.fit', record_ids=[rec['record_id']], model_id='library_bulk:au', parameters={}, fit=['rough.thickness_m'], thickness_prefit=False)
+        self.assertLess(lib['mse'], 5.0)
+        ps = h.invoke('data.pseudo', record_id=rec['record_id'])
+        i = int(np.argmin(np.abs(np.array(ps['wavelengths_m']) - 632.8e-9)))
+        nk = rt.library_index('au', [ps['wavelengths_m'][i] * 1e9])[0]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ps['n'][i], nk.real, delta=0.02)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ps['k'][i], nk.imag, delta=0.05)
+        dl = h.invoke('analysis.fit', record_ids=[rec['record_id']], model_id='drude_lorentz_bulk', parameters={}, fit=['substrate.Ep_ev', 'substrate.gamma_ev',
+                      'substrate.osc_A', 'substrate.osc_E0_ev', 'substrate.osc_B_ev', 'substrate.eps_inf'], thickness_prefit=False)
+        self.assertLess(dl['mse'], 50.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(dl['nk_632_8nm']['substrate']['k'], rt.substance('au')['at_632_8nm']['k'], delta=0.2)
+        for bad, code in [(dict(FIT, record_ids=[rec['record_id']], model_id='nope'), 'UNKNOWN_MODEL'),
+                          (dict(FIT, record_ids=[rec['record_id']], parameters={'film.X': 1.0}), 'INVALID_ARGUMENT'),     # not a parameter name
+                          (dict(FIT, record_ids=[rec['record_id']], parameters={'film.Eg_ev': 3.0}), 'UNKNOWN_PARAMETER'),  # not of this model
+                          (dict(FIT, record_ids=[rec['record_id']], parameters={'film.A': 9.0}), 'PARAMETER_OUT_OF_RANGE'),
+                          (dict(FIT, record_ids=[rec['record_id']], fit=['film.band_edge_ev']), 'PARAMETER_NOT_FITTABLE'),
+                          (dict(FIT, record_ids=['XX0001']), 'UNKNOWN_RECORD'),
+                          (dict(FIT, record_ids=[rec['record_id'], rec['record_id']]), 'INVALID_ARGUMENT')]:
+            rejected(h, 'analysis.fit', code, **bad)
+
+    def test_backside_correction_of_a_polished_glass_slide(self):
+        h = held(SLIDE)
+        rec = measure(h, alignment='robust')
+        with_back = h.invoke('analysis.fit', record_ids=[rec['record_id']], model_id='library_film:tio2@soda_lime',
+                             parameters={'substrate.backside_polished': 1.0, 'substrate.thickness_m': 0.001}, fit=['film.thickness_m', 'rough.thickness_m'],
+                             thickness_prefit=True)
+        without = h.invoke('analysis.fit', record_ids=[rec['record_id']], model_id='library_film:tio2@soda_lime', parameters={},
+                           fit=['film.thickness_m', 'rough.thickness_m'], thickness_prefit=True)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(with_back['parameters']['film.thickness_m']['value'], 80e-9, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertLess(with_back['mse'] * 5, without['mse'])
+        self.assertGreater(max(rec['depolarization']), 0.02)
+
+
+class FaultsCancelAndData(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_lamp_failure_stage_stall_and_vacuum_leak(self):
+        h = held()
+        op = h.invoke('measure', mode='long', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)['operation_id']
+        _into(h, 'acquiring', 0.3)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=True)
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason']), ('failed', 'LAMP_FAILURE'))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.error_code'], 'LAMP_FAILURE')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['lamp.on'])
+        rejected(h, 'system.acknowledge', 'CAUSE_PERSISTS')
+        rejected(h, 'measure', 'ERROR_PENDING', mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('system.acknowledge')['cleared'], 'LAMP_FAILURE')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['lamp.warmed_up'])                           # the new lamp warms up again
+        h.step(600.0)
+        z0 = h.z
+        h.invoke('stage.move_z', z_m=rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[0])
+        rejected(h, 'measure', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        settle(h)
+        op = h.invoke('measure', mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)['operation_id']
+        _into(h, 'aligning', 0.2)
+        zmid = h.z
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='stage_stall', active=True)
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason']), ('failed', 'STAGE_FAULT'))
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.z, zmid)                                            # stopped where it was
+        self.assertNotEqual(zmid, z0)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_z', 'ERROR_PENDING', z_m=MZ - 0.001)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='stage_stall', active=False)
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        op = h.invoke('measure', mode='long', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)['operation_id']
+        _into(h, 'acquiring', 0.5)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_leak', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('evaluator')['sample.held'])
+        rec = wait(h, op)                                                   # the loose sample is still measured (warning)
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertIn('vacuum_lost', rec['warnings'])
+        self.assertIn('sample_not_held', rec['warnings'])
+
+    def test_cancel_keeps_the_height_and_writes_no_data(self):
+        h = held()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measure', arguments=dict(mode='long', alignment='robust', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None),
+                     request_id='m1')
+        op = r['operation_id']
+        _into(h, 'aligning', 0.5)
+        z = h.z
+        out = s.cancel(op, 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(out['result']['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['psi_rad']), ('cancelled', None))
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.z, z)
+        self.assertEqual(s.cancel(op, 'c1'), out)                               # idempotent
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.cancel(op, 'c2')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['measurement.id'])
+
+    def test_records_delete_and_full(self):
+        h = _scenario('measured')
+        rejected(h, 'records.delete', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', record_id='SE0099')
+        for i in range(rt.MAX_RECORDS - len(h.records)):
+            h.invoke('analysis.fit', **dict(FIT, thickness_prefit=False))
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.fit', 'RECORDS_FULL', **dict(FIT, thickness_prefit=False))
+        rejected(h, 'measure', 'RECORDS_FULL', mode='fast', alignment='none', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.delete', record_id='FT0001')['remaining'], rt.MAX_RECORDS - 1)
+        rejected(h, 'measurement.result', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', record_id='FT0001')
+        h2 = _scenario('acquiring')
+        rejected(h2, 'records.delete', 'RECORD_IN_USE', record_id=h2.op['record_id'])
+        rejected(h2, 'analysis.fit', 'RECORD_NOT_SUITABLE', **dict(FIT, record_ids=[h2.op['record_id']]))
+
+
+class LedgersIsolationSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_energy_and_travel_ledgers_close(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(100.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_z', z_m=MZ - 0.002)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='65')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['electrical_energy_j'], (rt.LAMP_POWER_W + rt.ELECTRONICS_POWER_W) * 130.0, places=6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['lamp_on_s'], 130.0, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['stage_travel_m'], abs(MZ - 0.002 - rt.STAGE_Z_REF_M), places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['arm_travel_rad'], math.radians(5.0), places=12)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.step(50.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], led['electrical_energy_j'], places=9)
+
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = held(), held(seed=2)
+        ra = measure(a)
+        self.assertEqual(b.records, {})
+        self.assertIsNone(b.read()['result.last_record_id'])
+        self.assertNotEqual(a.truth['aoi_deg'], b.truth['aoi_deg'])
+        self.assertEqual(ra['record_id'], 'SE0001')
+
+    def test_agent_does_not_see_truth_faults_or_templates(self):
+        h = held()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        s, e = h.session('agent'), h.session('eval')
+        obs = s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        self.assertIn('truth.aoi_rad', e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations'])
+        for k in ('truth.samples', 'truth.instrument'):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=[k])
+        d = s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertNotIn('fault.inject', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.samples', d['state_slots'])
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='fault.inject', arguments=dict(fault='vacuum_leak', active=True), request_id='f1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='fault.inject', arguments=dict(fault='plunger_not_seated', active=True), request_id='f2')
+        ev = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e1')['result']['events']
+        self.assertFalse([x for x in ev if x['kind'] == 'fault'])
+        e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='fault.inject', arguments=dict(fault='plunger_not_seated', active=False), request_id='f3')
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='70')
+        settle(h)
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measure', arguments=dict(mode='fast', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None),
+                     request_id='m1')
+        rec = wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        res = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rec['record_id']), request_id='r1')['result']
+        self.assertEqual(res['template_source']['substances'], [])
+        self.assertNotIn('_counts', res)
+        full = e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rec['record_id']), request_id='r2')['result']
+        self.assertEqual(full['template_source']['substances'], ['pmma', 'si', 'sio2'])
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['result']['template_source']['substances'], [])
+
+    def test_records_and_control_belong_to_their_agent(self):
+        h = held()
+        for n in ('a1', 'a2'):
+            h.register_principal(n, 'agent')
+        a1, a2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        iid = h.instance_id
+        r = a1.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='measure', arguments=dict(mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None),
+                      request_id='m1')
+        op = r['operation_id']
+        o2 = a2.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']
+        self.assertTrue(o2['measurement.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(o2['measurement.id']['value'])
+        for cap, args in [('stage.move_z', dict(z_m=MZ - 0.01)), ('vacuum.set', dict(on=False)), ('aoi.set', dict(position='65'))]:
+            self.assertEqual(a2.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x' + cap)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            a2.poll(op)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            a2.cancel(op, 'c1')
+        rec = wait(h, op)
+        rid = rec['record_id']
+        self.assertEqual(a2.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='r1')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(a2.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='l1')['result']['records'], [])
+        self.assertIsNone(a2.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'])
+        self.assertEqual(a2.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='analysis.fit', arguments=dict(FIT, record_ids=[rid]), request_id='f1')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(a2.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='records.delete', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='d1')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        f = a1.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='analysis.fit', arguments=dict(FIT, record_ids=[rid]), request_id='f2')
+        self.assertEqual(f['status'], 'succeeded')
+        o2 = a2.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']
+        self.assertIsNone(o2['result.last_thickness_m']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(a1.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']['result.last_thickness_m']['value'])
+        again = a1.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='analysis.fit', arguments=dict(FIT, record_ids=[rid]), request_id='f2')
+        self.assertEqual(again, f)                                              # idempotent replay
+        conflict = a1.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='f2')
+        self.assertEqual(conflict['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.assertEqual(a1.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='records.delete', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='d2')['status'], 'succeeded')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            a1.write(instance_id=iid, state_id='stage.z_m', value=0.1, request_id='w1')
+        self.assertEqual(a1.invoke(instance_id='other', capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='z1')['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+
+    def test_queries_and_bookkeeping(self):
+        h = _scenario('measured')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.list')['records'], ['SE0001'])
+        ev = h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']
+        self.assertIn('MEASURE_DONE', [e['code'] for e in ev])
+        prov = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual(prov['substances'], 84)
+        self.assertIn('CC0', prov['license'])
+        models = h.invoke('models.list')['models']
+        self.assertIn('cauchy_on_si', models)
+        self.assertIn('library_film:{film}@{substrate}', models)
+        self.assertEqual(len(rt.library()['subs']), 84)
+        for s in rt.library()['subs'].values():
+            self.assertEqual(len(s['n']), len(rt.library()['grid']))
+            self.assertTrue(s['sources'], s['substance_id'])
+
+
+def _dense_nonuniform(d, nu, lam, theta):
+    z = np.linspace(-7, 7, 6001)
+    w = np.exp(-0.5 * z * z)
+    w /= w.sum()
+    tot = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+    Nf, Ns = rt.library_index('pmma', lam), rt.library_index('si', lam)
+    for zi, wi in zip(z, w):
+        rp, rs = rt.stack_rps(lam, np.ones(lam.shape, complex), [(Nf, d * (1 + nu * zi))], Ns, theta)
+        tot = rt._add(tot, rt._pair(rp, rs), wi)
+    return rt.normalised(tot)
+
+
+def _pmma_film(d, nu=0.0):
+    return dict(sample_id='film', kind='film_stack', shape='disc', size_m=[0.05, 0.05], substrate_thickness_m=0.0005, substrate={'library': 'si'},
+                layers=[dict(material={'library': 'pmma'}, thickness_m=d, nonuniformity=nu)], roughness_m=0.0, backside='rough')
+
+
+class RuntimeReviewRound1Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_F01_no_z_move_during_an_angle_change(self):
+        h = ready(samples=(PMMA, CAL, W200))
+        h.invoke('stage.move_z', z_m=rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[0])
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='wafer_200', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=-0.052)
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='90')
+        h.step(0.2)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_z', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', z_m=rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[1])
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_z', 'COLLISION_RISK', z_m=rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[1])       # the horizontal arms over the wafer
+
+    def test_F02_F03_non_reflecting_samples_give_no_nan_and_never_break_the_clock(self):
+        matched = dict(BARE, sample_id='matched', substrate={'cauchy': dict(A=1.0, B=0.0)})
+        h = held(matched, samples=(PMMA, CAL, matched))
+        op = h.invoke('measure', mode='standard', alignment='fixed_height', fixed_height_m=MZ - matched['substrate_thickness_m'],
+                      model_id='cauchy_on_si')['operation_id']
+        rec = wait(h, op)
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason'], rec['psi_rad']), ('failed', 'NO_SIGNAL', None))
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(json.dumps(h._out(rec), allow_nan=False))['record_id'], rec['record_id'])
+        r = rt.normalised((np.zeros(3), np.zeros(3), np.zeros(3), np.zeros(3)))
+        self.assertTrue(np.all(r['depol'] == 1.0) and np.all(np.isfinite(r['N'])))
+        good = measure(held())
+        broken = dict(good, N=[float('nan')] * len(good['N']))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+            rt.run_fit([broken], 'cauchy_on_si', {}, ['film.thickness_m'], True)
+        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'FIT_FAILED')
+
+    def test_F04_thickness_non_uniformity_average_is_converged(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        for d, nu in ((1e-6, 0.05), (5e-6, 0.02), (20e-6, 0.01)):
+            a = rt.sample_mueller(_pmma_film(d, nu), lam, math.radians(70.0), bandwidth_ev=0.0, divergence_rad=0.0)
+            ref = _dense_nonuniform(d, nu, lam, math.radians(70.0))
+            self.assertLess(max(float(np.max(np.abs(a[k] - ref[k]))) for k in ('N', 'C', 'S')), 1e-6, (d, nu))
+
+    def test_F05_bandwidth_average_is_converged_up_to_the_spectral_edges(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        E, bw, g = rt.HC_EV_NM / lam, rt.BANDWIDTH_SIGMA_EV, rt.library()['grid']
+        for d in (2e-6, 20e-6):
+            a = rt.sample_mueller(_pmma_film(d), lam, math.radians(70.0), divergence_rad=0.0)
+            z = np.linspace(-7, 7, 4001)
+            w = np.exp(-0.5 * z * z)
+            w /= w.sum()
+            tot = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+            for zi, wi in zip(z, w):
+                lb = rt.HC_EV_NM / (E + zi * bw)                         # the tables continue linearly beyond 380 / 900 nm (edge pixels)
+                rp, rs = rt.stack_rps(lb, np.ones(lam.shape, complex), [(rt.library_index('pmma', lb), d)], rt.library_index('si', lb), math.radians(70.0))
+                tot = rt._add(tot, rt._pair(rp, rs), wi)
+            ref = rt.normalised(tot)
+            self.assertLess(max(float(np.max(np.abs(a[k] - ref[k]))) for k in ('N', 'C', 'S')), 5e-5, d)
+
+    def test_F06_backside_beams_carry_the_film_transmission_phase(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        th = math.radians(70.0)
+        N0 = np.ones(lam.shape, complex)
+        Nf, Ns = rt.library_index('tio2', lam).real + 0j, rt.library_index('n_bk7', lam).real + 0j
+        kx = N0 * math.sin(th)
+
+        def fres(Ni, Nj, pol):
+            qi, qj = np.sqrt(Ni ** 2 - kx ** 2 + 0j), np.sqrt(Nj ** 2 - kx ** 2 + 0j)
+            if pol == 's':
+                return (qi - qj) / (qi + qj), 2 * qi / (qi + qj)
+            return (Nj ** 2 * qi - Ni ** 2 * qj) / (Nj ** 2 * qi + Ni ** 2 * qj), 2 * Ni * Nj * qi / (Nj ** 2 * qi + Ni ** 2 * qj)
+
+        def film_t(Na, Nb, Nc, pol, d=80e-9):                          # independent Airy sum of the E-field transmission
+            _, t_ab = fres(Na, Nb, pol)
+            _, t_bc = fres(Nb, Nc, pol)
+            r_ba, _ = fres(Nb, Na, pol)
+            r_bc, _ = fres(Nb, Nc, pol)
+            e = np.exp(1j * 2 * math.pi / (lam * 1e-9) * np.sqrt(Nb ** 2 - kx ** 2 + 0j) * d)
+            return t_ab * t_bc * e / (1 - r_ba * r_bc * e * e)
+        amp = {pol: film_t(Ns, Nf, N0, pol) * fres(Ns, N0, pol)[0] * film_t(N0, Nf, Ns, pol) for pol in ('p', 's')}
+        ref = rt._pair(amp['p'], amp['s'], 1.0)
+        got = rt._backside(lam, N0, [(Nf, 80e-9)], Ns, kx, 1e-9, th, orders=1)
+        self.assertLess(max(float(np.max(np.abs(np.asarray(a) - np.asarray(b)))) for a, b in zip(got, ref)), 1e-12)
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.max(np.abs(np.asarray(ref[3])))), 1e-4)            # the transmission phase is not zero for a coating
+
+    def test_F07_unphysical_dispersion_models_are_rejected(self):
+        h = configured()
+        for m in ({'cauchy': dict(A=1.0, B=-5e-13, k_amp=0.1)}, {'cauchy': dict(A=1.0, B=-5e-13)}):     # n < 0 in the blue (with and without a tail)
+            rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'UNPHYSICAL_MATERIAL', **dict(BARE, sample_id='bad', substrate=m))
+        self.assertTrue(rt.material_physical({'cauchy': dict(A=1.46, B=4e-15)}, rt.library()['grid']))
+
+    def test_F09_failed_or_cancelled_records_keep_no_data_and_the_fit_survives_hardware_faults(self):
+        h = held()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        op = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measure', arguments=dict(mode='fast', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None,
+                                                                                      model_id='cauchy_on_si'), request_id='m1')['operation_id']
+        _into(h, 'fitting', 0.5)
+        s.cancel(op, 'c1')
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['psi_rad'], rec['N'], rec['fit']), ('cancelled', None, None, None))
+        for fault in ('lamp_failure', 'vacuum_leak'):
+            g = held()
+            op = g.invoke('measure', mode='fast', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id='cauchy_on_si')['operation_id']
+            _into(g, 'fitting', 0.5)
+            g.invoke('fault.inject', fault=fault, active=True)
+            rec = wait(g, op)
+            self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed', fault)
+            self.assertIsNotNone(rec['fit'], fault)
+        g = held()
+        op = g.invoke('measure', mode='fast', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id='cauchy_on_si')['operation_id']
+        _into(g, 'fitting', 0.5)
+        g.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)                                # the workstation fit goes on
+        self.assertEqual(wait(g, op)['status'], 'completed')
+
+    def test_F10_undetermined_parameters_get_no_confidence_limit(self):
+        h = _scenario('measured')
+        out = h.invoke('analysis.fit', record_ids=['SE0001'], model_id='cauchy_urbach_on_si', parameters={'film.k_amp': 0.0},
+                       fit=['film.thickness_m', 'film.A', 'film.B', 'film.k_exp'], thickness_prefit=True)
+        f = h.records[out['record_id']]['fit']
+        self.assertIsNone(out['parameters']['film.k_exp']['ci90'])
+        self.assertIn('parameter_not_determined:film.k_exp', f['warnings'])
+        self.assertTrue(all(abs(f['correlation'][i][i] - 1.0) < 1e-12 for i in range(4)))
+        self.assertGreater(out['parameters']['film.thickness_m']['ci90'], 0.0)
+
+    def test_F12_F19_steps_advance_the_revision_and_are_bounded(self):
+        h = ready()
+        rev = h.revision
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.revision, rev + 1)
+        h.step(0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.revision, rev + 1)
+        for bad in (1e308, rt.MAX_STEP_S * 2):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.step(bad)
+
+    def test_F13_tauc_lorentz_eps1_equals_the_kramers_kronig_integral(self):
+        from scipy.integrate import quad
+        E = np.array([1.5, 2.5, 3.2])
+        for p in ((1.0, 0.1, 500.0, 3.0, 2.0), (2.0, 0.8, 50.0, 2.0, 0.5), (1.0, 2.0, 100.0, 3.0, 8.0)):
+            e1 = rt.tauc_lorentz_eps(E, *p).real
+            for Ei, ei in zip(E, e1):
+                pv = quad(lambda x: x * float(rt._tl_eps2(np.array([x]), *p[1:])[0]) / (x + Ei), p[1], 3000.0, weight='cauchy', wvar=Ei, limit=600)[0]
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(ei, p[0] + 2 / math.pi * pv, delta=1e-4, msg=p)
+
+    def test_F14_F15_F16_vacuum_liquid_cell_and_lamp_replacement(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='pmma_on_si', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_z', z_m=rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[0])
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='90')
+        settle(h)
+        op = h.invoke('measure', mode='standard', alignment='none', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)['operation_id']
+        _into(h, 'acquiring', 0.5)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_leak', active=True)
+        rec = wait(h, op)
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertNotIn('vacuum_lost', rec['warnings'])                   # the straight-through beam does not need the vacuum
+        c = ready(lamp_age_s=1900 * 3600.0)
+        c.invoke('liquid_cell.install', sample_id='pmma_on_si')
+        c.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        rejected(c, 'liquid_cell.remove', 'SAMPLE_HELD')
+        old = c.read('evaluator')['truth.lamp_intensity_rel']
+        c.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=True)
+        c.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=False)
+        c.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        c.step(900.0)
+        self.assertLess(old, 0.8)
+        new = (1.0 - rt.LAMP_END_OF_LIFE_LOSS * 900.0 / rt.LAMP_RATED_S) * (1.0 - rt.LAMP_WARMUP_DEFICIT * math.exp(-900.0 / rt.LAMP_WARMUP_TAU_S))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c.read('evaluator')['truth.lamp_intensity_rel'], new, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c.read()['lamp.on_time_s'], 900.0, places=6)
+
+    def test_F17_guard_agrees_with_the_collision_proxies(self):
+        proxies = json.loads((ROOT / 'assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/ja_alphase/collision_proxies.json').read_text())['components']
+        box = proxies['detector_housing']['primitives'][0]
+        a_in = box['origin_m'][0] - box['size_m'][0] / 2 - rt.MEASURE_POINT_M[0]
+        h_lo = box['origin_m'][2] - box['size_m'][2] / 2 - rt.MEASURE_POINT_M[2]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a_in, rt.ARM_BODY_R_M[0], places=6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h_lo, -rt.ARM_HALF_HEIGHT_M, places=6)
+        for aoi in (65.0, 70.0, 75.0, 90.0):
+            e = math.radians(90.0 - aoi)
+            c, s_ = math.cos(e), math.sin(e)
+            corner_x = a_in * c + rt.ARM_HALF_HEIGHT_M * s_                     # inner lower corner of the proxy box
+            corner_z = rt.MEASURE_POINT_M[2] + a_in * s_ - rt.ARM_HALF_HEIGHT_M * c
+            self.assertLessEqual(rt.arm_lowest_z(e, corner_x - 1e-4, corner_x + 1e-4), corner_z + 1e-9, aoi)
+
+    def test_F18_bandwidth_option_of_the_models_for_thick_films(self):
+        thick = dict(BARE, sample_id='thick', layers=[dict(material={'cauchy': dict(A=1.49, B=4.6e-15)}, thickness_m=5e-6)])
+        h = held(thick, samples=(PMMA, CAL, thick))
+        rec = measure(h)
+        truth = {'film.thickness_m': 5e-6, 'film.A': 1.49, 'film.B': 4.6e-15}
+        plain = h.invoke('analysis.fit', record_ids=[rec['record_id']], model_id='cauchy_on_si', parameters=truth, fit=['film.thickness_m', 'film.A', 'film.B'],
+                         thickness_prefit=False)
+        opt = h.invoke('analysis.fit', record_ids=[rec['record_id']], model_id='cauchy_on_si', parameters=dict(truth, **{'options.bandwidth': 1.0, 'options.divergence': 1.0}),
+                       fit=['film.thickness_m', 'film.A', 'film.B'], thickness_prefit=False)
+        self.assertLess(opt['mse'] * 5, plain['mse'])
+        self.assertLess(opt['mse'], 6.0)
+
+    def test_F20_unsupported_whatever_the_arguments_and_prefit_inside_the_bounds(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        r = h.session('agent').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='hardware.connect', arguments={'port': 'x'}, request_id='u1')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+        g = _scenario('measured')
+        out = g.invoke('analysis.fit', **dict(FIT, parameters={'film.thickness_m': 15e-6}))
+        self.assertLessEqual(g.records[out['record_id']]['fit']['prefit']['grid_max'], 20e-6)
+
+    def test_F21_the_smallest_documented_samples_can_be_measured(self):
+        five = dict(TINY, sample_id='five', size_m=[0.005, 0.005])
+        h = held(five, samples=(PMMA, CAL, five))
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('evaluator')['sample.held'])
+        rec = measure(h, mode='fast', alignment='robust')
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertIn('sample_not_held', rec['warnings'])
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- scenario states and declared effects
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return rt.JaAlphaseRuntime()
+    if name == 'off':
+        return configured()
+    if name == 'booting':
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'warming':
+        h = _scenario('booting')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'ready':
+        return ready()
+    if name == 'placed':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='pmma_on_si', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'held':
+        h = _scenario('placed')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        return h
+    if name in ('aligning', 'acquiring', 'fitting'):
+        h = _scenario('held')
+        h.invoke('measure', mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id='cauchy_on_si')
+        return _into(h, name, 0.5)
+    if name == 'measured':
+        h = _scenario('held')
+        measure(h, model_id='cauchy_on_si')
+        return h
+    if name == 'mm_measuring':
+        h = _scenario('measured')
+        h.invoke('measure', mode='mm', alignment='none', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        return _into(h, 'acquiring', 0.5)
+    if name == 'analysed':
+        h = _scenario('measured')
+        h.invoke('analysis.fit', **FIT)
+        return h
+    if name == 'aoi_changing':
+        h = _scenario('held')
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='65')
+        h.step(1.2)
+        return h
+    if name == 'stage_moving':
+        h = _scenario('held')
+        h.invoke('stage.move_z', z_m=MZ - 0.005)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'straight':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='90')
+        return settle(h)
+    if name == 'straight_measuring':
+        h = _scenario('straight')
+        h.invoke('measure', mode='standard', alignment='none', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        return _into(h, 'acquiring', 0.5)
+    if name == 'straight_done':
+        h = _scenario('straight')
+        measure(h, alignment='none')
+        return h
+    if name == 'straight_off':                                              # a valid %R baseline, power off: plant.configure is allowed
+        h = _scenario('straight_done')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'cal_held':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='cal_wafer', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'calibrating':
+        h = _scenario('cal_held')
+        h.invoke('calibration.run')
+        return _into(h, 'acquiring', 0.5)
+    if name == 'calibrated':
+        h = _scenario('cal_held')
+        wait(h, h.invoke('calibration.run')['operation_id'])
+        return h
+    if name == 'cell_installed':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('liquid_cell.install', sample_id='pmma_on_si')
+        return h
+    if name == 'cell_filled':
+        h = _scenario('cell_installed')
+        h.invoke('liquid_cell.fill', liquid_id='water', volume_m3=450e-9)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'cell_measuring':
+        h = _scenario('cell_filled')
+        h.invoke('measure', mode='fast', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)
+        return _into(h, 'acquiring', 0.5)
+    if name == 'lamp_fault':
+        h = _scenario('held')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'lamp_replaced':                                           # the fault is gone, the latched error still waits for acknowledgement
+        h = _scenario('lamp_fault')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'stall_fault':
+        h = _scenario('held')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='stage_stall', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'leak_fault':
+        h = _scenario('held')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_leak', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'plunger_fault':
+        h = _scenario('held')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='plunger_not_seated', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'vacuum_on_empty':                                         # placing onto a running vacuum changes held / pressure at once
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'weak_vacuum_placed':                                      # supply too weak to hold: removal still changes the pressure
+        h = ready(vacuum_supply_pa=70.0e3)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='pmma_on_si', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'unpowered_lamp_fault':                                    # a fault present at power-up latches its error
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'unpowered_stall':
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='stage_stall', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'weak_vacuum_cell':                                        # cell on a vacuum too weak to hold it: removal changes the pressure
+        h = ready(vacuum_supply_pa=70.0e3)
+        h.invoke('liquid_cell.install', sample_id='pmma_on_si')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'cell_held':
+        h = _scenario('cell_installed')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'unpowered_placed':
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='pmma_on_si', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _stack_sample(layers, sub='si', size=0.05, backside='rough'):
+    return dict(sample_id='stack', kind='film_stack', shape='disc', size_m=[size, size], substrate_thickness_m=0.0005, substrate={'library': sub},
+                layers=[dict(material={'library': m} if isinstance(m, str) else m, thickness_m=d, nonuniformity=nu) for m, d, nu in layers], roughness_m=0.0,
+                backside=backside)
+
+
+def _dense_tensor(s, theta, n_nu=1, n_dv=1, n_b=1):
+    """Independent reference: trapezoid tensor over (thickness |z| <= 7, angle |z| <= 6, band |z| <= 6) with the stack evaluated at every node."""
+    lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+    E = rt.HC_EV_NM / lam
+
+    def rule(n, Z):
+        if n == 1:
+            return np.zeros(1), np.ones(1)
+        z = np.linspace(-Z, Z, n)
+        w = np.exp(-0.5 * z * z)
+        return z, w / w.sum()
+    (zu, wu), (za, wa), (zb, wb) = rule(n_nu, 7.0), rule(n_dv, 6.0), rule(n_b, 6.0)
+    tot = [np.zeros(lam.size) for _ in range(4)]
+    for b, w_b in zip(zb, wb):
+        lb = rt.HC_EV_NM / (E + b * rt.BANDWIDTH_SIGMA_EV)
+        N0, layers, Ns = rt.stack_media(s, lb, np.ones(lb.shape, complex))
+        th = (theta + za * rt.BEAM_DIVERGENCE_RAD)[None, :, None]
+        lay = [(N[None, None], d * np.clip(1 + sg * zu, 0, None)[:, None, None]) for N, d, sg in layers]
+        m = rt._pair(*rt.stack_rps(lb[None, None], N0[None, None], lay, Ns[None, None], th))
+        wgt = wu[:, None, None] * wa[None, :, None] * w_b
+        tot = [t + np.sum(np.broadcast_to(x, (len(zu), len(za), lam.size)) * wgt, axis=(0, 1)) for t, x in zip(tot, m)]
+    return rt.normalised(tuple(tot))
+
+
+def _ncs_err(a, b):
+    return max(float(np.max(np.abs(a[k] - b[k]))) for k in ('N', 'C', 'S'))
+
+
+class RuntimeReviewRound2Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_F04_non_uniformity_converged_on_reflecting_substrates_and_at_the_largest_spread(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        th = math.radians(70.0)
+        for sub, mat, d, nu, n in (('ag', 'sio2', 1e-6, 0.0131, 4001), ('al', 'sio2', 1e-6, 0.0131, 4001), ('si', 'sio2', 1e-6, 0.0131, 4001),
+                                   ('si', 'pmma', 20e-6, rt.NONUNIFORMITY_MAX, 40001)):
+            s = _stack_sample([(mat, d, nu)], sub)
+            v = rt.sample_mueller(s, lam, th, bandwidth_ev=0.0, divergence_rad=0.0, backside=False)
+            ref = _dense_tensor(s, th, n_nu=n)
+            self.assertLess(_ncs_err(v, ref), 1e-6, (sub, mat, d, nu))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):                      # the sample model's non-uniformity range
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS['sample.provide']['input_schema'], dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, layers=[dict(material={'library': 'pmma'}, thickness_m=1e-6,
+                                                                                                      nonuniformity=0.2)]))
+
+    def test_F25_divergence_average_is_exact_and_converged(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        for aoi, sub, mat, d in ((70.0, 'si', 'pmma', 20e-6), (75.0, 'al', 'sio2', 20e-6), (70.0, 'si', 'pmma', 2e-6)):
+            th = math.radians(aoi)
+            s = _stack_sample([(mat, d, 0.0)], sub)
+            v = rt.sample_mueller(s, lam, th, bandwidth_ev=0.0, backside=False)
+            ref = _dense_tensor(s, th, n_dv=2001)
+            self.assertLess(_ncs_err(v, ref), 1e-6, (aoi, sub, mat, d))
+
+    def test_joint_average_matches_an_independent_tensor_reference(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        th = math.radians(70.0)
+        s = _stack_sample([('pmma', 1e-6, 0.02)])
+        v = rt.sample_mueller(s, lam, th, backside=False)
+        ref = _dense_tensor(s, th, n_nu=801, n_dv=41, n_b=161)
+        self.assertLess(_ncs_err(v, ref), 2e-5)
+
+    def test_F24_model_with_options_reproduces_the_truth(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        th = math.radians(70.0)
+        cauchy = {'cauchy': dict(A=1.49, B=4.6e-15, C=0.0)}
+        for d, nu in ((20e-6, 0.0), (5e-6, 0.002)):
+            s = _stack_sample([(cauchy, d, nu)])
+            truth = rt.sample_mueller(s, lam, th)
+            mdl = rt.get_model('cauchy_on_si')
+            p = mdl.defaults()
+            p.update({'film.thickness_m': d, 'film.A': 1.49, 'film.B': 4.6e-15, 'film.C': 0.0, 'film.nonuniformity': nu, 'options.bandwidth': 1.0,
+                      'options.divergence': 1.0})
+            N, C, S = rt.model_ncs(mdl, p, dict(record_id='x', lam=lam, theta=th, amb=np.ones(lam.shape, complex)), {})
+            self.assertLess(_ncs_err(dict(N=N, C=C, S=S), truth), 1e-4, d)
+            cache = {}
+            mdl.media(p, lam, cache)
+            mdl.media(p, np.stack([lam * 0.999, lam]), cache)
+            self.assertEqual(len(cache), 6)                              # keyed by the wavelengths as well: film, interface, substrate on two grids
+
+    def test_F23_work_is_bounded_and_capped_averages_are_flagged(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        s = _stack_sample([('pmma', 20e-6, 0.05)] * 8, size=0.1)
+        info = {}
+        t0 = time.time()
+        rt.sample_mueller(s, lam, math.radians(70.0), info=info)
+        self.assertLess(time.time() - t0, 60.0)
+        self.assertTrue(info['capped'])
+        h = held(dict(s, sample_id='stack8'))
+        t0 = time.time()
+        rec = measure(h, mode='fast', alignment='robust')
+        self.assertLess(time.time() - t0, 90.0)
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason'], rec['psi_rad']), ('failed', 'SIMULATION_LIMIT', None))    # no unconverged spectrum is delivered
+        self.assertIn('SIMULATION_LIMIT', [e['code'] for e in rt.export_ja_alphase_contract_metadata()['capabilities']['measure']['errors']])
+
+    def test_F32_an_incoherent_layer_is_averaged_over_one_fringe_and_converges(self):
+        lam = np.array([380.0, 393.0, 561.0, 800.0, 900.0])
+        th = math.radians(70.0)
+        s = _stack_sample([('pmma', 20e-6, rt.NONUNIFORMITY_MAX)])
+        info = {}
+        v = rt.sample_mueller(s, lam, th, backside=False, info=info)
+        self.assertFalse(info['capped'])
+        self.assertIn('phase', info['levels'])                           # the uniform one-fringe average of the incoherent layer
+        E = rt.HC_EV_NM / lam
+        zu = np.linspace(-7, 7, 40001); wu = np.exp(-zu ** 2 / 2); wu /= wu.sum()
+        za = np.linspace(-6, 6, 21); wa = np.exp(-za ** 2 / 2); wa /= wa.sum()
+        zb = np.linspace(-6, 6, 41); wb = np.exp(-zb ** 2 / 2); wb /= wb.sum()
+        tot = [np.zeros(lam.size) for _ in range(4)]
+        for b, w_b in zip(zb, wb):
+            lb = rt.HC_EV_NM / (E + b * rt.BANDWIDTH_SIGMA_EV)
+            N0, layers, Ns = rt.stack_media(s, lb, np.ones(lb.shape, complex))
+            for i0 in range(0, len(zu), 4000):
+                zc, wc = zu[i0:i0 + 4000], wu[i0:i0 + 4000]
+                lay = [(N[None, None], d * (1 + sg * zc)[:, None, None]) for N, d, sg in layers]
+                m = rt._pair(*rt.stack_rps(lb[None, None], N0[None, None], lay, Ns[None, None], (th + za * rt.BEAM_DIVERGENCE_RAD)[None, :, None]))
+                wgt = wc[:, None, None] * wa[None, :, None] * w_b
+                tot = [t + np.sum(np.broadcast_to(x, (len(zc), len(za), lam.size)) * wgt, axis=(0, 1)) for t, x in zip(tot, m)]
+        self.assertLess(_ncs_err(v, rt.normalised(tuple(tot))), 1e-6)
+
+    def test_F33_model_with_options_matches_the_truth_for_a_thick_non_uniform_film(self):
+        lam = rt.wavelengths_nm()
+        th = math.radians(70.0)
+        s = _stack_sample([({'cauchy': dict(A=1.49, B=4.6e-15, C=0.0)}, 5e-6, 0.05)])
+        truth = rt.sample_mueller(s, lam, th)
+        mdl = rt.get_model('cauchy_on_si')
+        p = dict(mdl.defaults(), **{'film.thickness_m': 5e-6, 'film.A': 1.49, 'film.B': 4.6e-15, 'film.C': 0.0, 'film.nonuniformity': 0.05,
+                                    'options.bandwidth': 1.0, 'options.divergence': 1.0})
+        N, C, S = rt.model_ncs(mdl, p, dict(record_id='x', lam=lam, theta=th, amb=np.ones(lam.shape, complex)), {})
+        self.assertLess(_ncs_err(dict(N=N, C=C, S=S), truth), 1e-4)
+
+    def test_F22_plunger_fault_in_the_calibration_fit_does_not_wedge_the_clock(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='cal_wafer', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set', on=True)
+        op = h.invoke('calibration.run')['operation_id']
+        _into(h, 'fitting', 0.5)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='plunger_not_seated', active=True)
+        for _ in range(4):
+            h.step(1.0)
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(rec['calibration']['position'], '70')
+        self.assertEqual(h.cal['status'], 'calibrated')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        r = h.session('ev').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='sim.step', arguments=dict(dt_s=1.0), request_id='s')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test_defects_become_DEVICE_ERROR_instead_of_raw_exceptions(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='cal_wafer', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        op = h.invoke('calibration.run')['operation_id']
+        _into(h, 'fitting', 0.5)
+
+        def broken(o, rec):
+            raise RuntimeError('simulated defect')
+        h._calibrate = broken
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['reason'], 'DEVICE_ERROR')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.op)
+        h.step(1.0)                                                      # the clock goes on
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+
+        def boom():
+            raise RuntimeError('simulated defect')
+        h._cmd_records_list = boom
+        r = h.session('agent').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='l')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code'], r['error']['side_effects']), ('rejected', 'DEVICE_ERROR', 'unknown'))
+        self.assertIn('DEVICE_ERROR', [e['code'] for e in rt.export_ja_alphase_contract_metadata()['capabilities']['records.list']['errors']])
+
+    def test_F26_guard_checks_the_beam_side_faces_of_the_ports(self):
+        block = dict(sample_id='block', kind='film_stack', shape='rectangle', size_m=[0.177, 0.03], substrate_thickness_m=0.016, substrate={'library': 'soda_lime'},
+                     layers=[], roughness_m=0.0, backside='rough')
+        h = ready(samples=(PMMA, CAL, block))
+        h.invoke('aoi.set', position='75')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='block', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_z', 'COLLISION_RISK', z_m=rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[1])
+        rejected(h, 'measure', 'COLLISION_RISK', mode='fast', alignment='fixed_height', fixed_height_m=rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[1], model_id=None)
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(3)
+        worst = math.inf
+        for _ in range(3000):                                            # every accepted pose keeps 2 mm to the densely sampled proxy boxes
+            el = math.radians(90.0 - float(rng.choice([65.0, 70.0, 75.0, 90.0])))
+            half = float(rng.uniform(0.0025, 0.1))
+            ztop = float(rng.uniform(rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[0], rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[1] + 0.016))
+            x0, x1 = -half, half
+            if not rt.arm_lowest_z(el, x0 - rt.CLEARANCE_M, x1 + rt.CLEARANCE_M) > ztop + rt.CLEARANCE_M:
+                continue
+            for poly in rt.arm_polygons(el):
+                P = np.array(poly + poly[:1])
+                for (xa, za), (xb, zb) in zip(P[:-1], P[1:]):
+                    f = np.linspace(0.0, 1.0, 400)
+                    xs, zs = xa + f * (xb - xa), za + f * (zb - za)
+                    dx = np.maximum(np.maximum(x0 - xs, xs - x1), 0.0)
+                    gap = np.where(dx > 0, np.hypot(dx, np.maximum(zs - ztop, 0.0)), zs - ztop)
+                    worst = min(worst, float(gap.min()))
+        self.assertGreater(worst, rt.CLEARANCE_M * 0.999)
+
+    def test_F27_negative_noise_seed_is_rejected_before_any_change(self):
+        h = rt.JaAlphaseRuntime()
+        rejected(h, 'plant.configure', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=-1))
+        self.assertIsNone(h.plant)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=2 ** 32 - 1))
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['plant.configured'])
+
+    def test_F28_plant_configure_invalidates_the_baseline_and_declares_it(self):
+        h = ready()
+        straight_through(h)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['calibration.baseline']['valid'])
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['calibration.baseline']['valid'])
+        self.assertIn('calibration.baseline', rt.EFFECTS['plant.configure'])
+
+    def test_F29_a_leak_with_the_vacuum_off_leaves_no_warning(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='pmma_on_si', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        op = h.invoke('measure', mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)['operation_id']
+        _into(h, 'acquiring', 0.5)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_leak', active=True)
+        rec = wait(h, op)
+        self.assertNotIn('vacuum_lost', rec['warnings'])
+        g = held()
+        op = g.invoke('measure', mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None)['operation_id']
+        _into(g, 'acquiring', 0.5)
+        g.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_leak', active=True)
+        self.assertIn('vacuum_lost', wait(g, op)['warnings'])            # evaluator view; agents do not get it (C05)
+
+    def test_F30_clearing_an_inactive_lamp_fault_changes_nothing(self):
+        h = ready()
+        before = h.read('evaluator')
+        n_ev = len(h.events)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='lamp_failure', active=False)
+        self.assertFalse(_changed(h.read('evaluator'), before))
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.events), n_ev)
+
+
+class ContractReviewRound1Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_C03_every_parameter_name_has_one_declared_unit(self):
+        cat = rt.models_catalog()
+        models = [rt.get_model(k) for k in rt._static_models()] + [rt.get_model(k) for k in
+                                                                    ('library_film:pmma@si', 'library_film:sio2@soda_lime', 'library_bulk:au', 'cauchy_on:n_bk7')]
+        for m in models:
+            for n, P in m.params.items():
+                self.assertEqual(rt.PARAM_UNITS.get(n), P.unit, (m.model_id, n))
+        for k, v in cat.items():
+            self.assertEqual(sorted(v['parameter_units']), v['parameters'], k)
+            self.assertTrue(all(rt.PARAM_UNITS[n] == u for n, u in v['parameter_units'].items()), k)
+        out_schema = rt.CAPS['analysis.fit']['output_schema']['properties']['parameters']
+        in_schema = rt.CAPS['analysis.fit']['input_schema']['properties']['parameters']
+        for n, u in rt.PARAM_UNITS.items():
+            self.assertEqual(out_schema['properties'][n]['properties']['value']['x-unit'], u)
+            self.assertEqual(in_schema['properties'][n]['x-unit'], u)
+        self.assertEqual(rt.PARAM_UNITS['film.A'], '1')                  # Cauchy A; the Tauc-Lorentz amplitude is film.A_ev
+        self.assertEqual(rt.PARAM_UNITS['film.A_ev'], 'eV')
+        h = held()
+        rec = measure(h)
+        out = h.invoke('analysis.fit', **dict(FIT, record_ids=[rec['record_id']]))
+        for n, v in out['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(v['unit'], rt.PARAM_UNITS[n], n)
+        rt.validate(rt.CAPS['analysis.fit']['input_schema'], dict(FIT, record_ids=[rec['record_id']]))
+        uq = rt.CAPS['analysis.uniqueness']
+        self.assertEqual(uq['output_schema']['properties']['best_value']['x-unit'], 'm')
+        self.assertEqual(uq['input_schema']['properties']['values']['items']['x-unit'], 'm')
+        self.assertTrue(all(rt.PARAM_UNITS[n] == 'm' for n in uq['input_schema']['properties']['scan_parameter']['enum']))
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.uniqueness', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', record_ids=[rec['record_id']], model_id='cauchy_on_si', parameters={}, fit=['film.thickness_m'],
+                 scan_parameter='film.A', values=[1.4, 1.5])
+
+    def test_C04_pressures_heights_angles_and_offsets_name_their_reference(self):
+        meta = rt.export_ja_alphase_contract_metadata()
+        for k in ('vacuum.pressure_pa', 'stage.z_m', 'stage.z_target_m', 'stage.last_aligned_z_m', 'aoi.arm_elevation_rad', 'sample.on_stage',
+                  'calibration.table', 'truth.aoi_rad', 'liquid_cell.volume_m3'):
+            self.assertTrue(meta['state_slots'][k].get('reference_conditions'), k)
+        self.assertIn('绝对压力', meta['state_slots']['vacuum.pressure_pa']['reference_conditions'])
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CAPS['plant.configure']['input_schema']['properties']['vacuum_supply_pa']['x-reference-conditions'], '绝对压力')
+
+    def test_C05_the_chuck_vacuum_is_process_truth_not_an_agent_reading(self):
+        h = held()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        s, e = h.session('agent'), h.session('eval')
+        iid = h.instance_id
+        for k in ('vacuum.pressure_pa', 'sample.held'):
+            self.assertEqual(rt.SLOTS[k]['origin'], 'process_truth')
+            self.assertNotIn(k, s.read(instance_id=iid)['observations'])
+            self.assertNotIn(k, s.describe(instance_id=iid)['state_slots'])
+            self.assertIn(k, e.read(instance_id=iid)['observations'])
+        self.assertTrue(all(k not in ('vacuum.pressure_pa', 'sample.held') for c in s.describe(instance_id=iid)['capabilities'].values()
+                            for k in [x['state_id'] for x in c['state_effects']] + c['observes']))
+        before = s.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']
+        e.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='fault.inject', arguments=dict(fault='vacuum_leak', active=True), request_id='f1')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        after = s.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']
+        self.assertEqual({k: v['value'] for k, v in before.items() if k not in ('clock.time_s', 'lamp.on_time_s')},
+                         {k: v['value'] for k, v in after.items() if k not in ('clock.time_s', 'lamp.on_time_s')})
+        self.assertFalse(e.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']['sample.held']['value'])
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='vacuum.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='v1')
+        self.assertEqual(set(r['result']), {'on'})
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='measure', arguments=dict(mode='fast', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None), request_id='m1')
+        rec = wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        self.assertIn('sample_not_held', rec['warnings'])                  # the runtime record (evaluator view) keeps it
+        mine = s.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rec['record_id']), request_id='r1')['result']
+        full = e.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rec['record_id']), request_id='r2')['result']
+        self.assertNotIn('sample_not_held', mine['warnings'])
+        self.assertIn('sample_not_held', full['warnings'])
+        self.assertNotIn('sample_not_held', s.poll(r['operation_id'])['result']['warnings'])
+        ev = s.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e1')['result']['events']
+        self.assertFalse([x for x in ev if 'kPa' in x['message_zh'] or x['kind'] == 'fault'])
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'booting', 'warming', 'ready', 'placed', 'held', 'aligning', 'acquiring', 'fitting', 'measured', 'mm_measuring', 'analysed',
+             'aoi_changing', 'stage_moving', 'straight', 'straight_measuring', 'straight_done', 'cal_held', 'calibrating', 'calibrated', 'cell_installed',
+             'cell_filled', 'cell_measuring', 'lamp_fault', 'lamp_replaced', 'stall_fault', 'leak_fault', 'plunger_fault', 'unpowered_placed', 'vacuum_on_empty',
+             'weak_vacuum_placed', 'unpowered_lamp_fault', 'unpowered_stall', 'cell_held', 'weak_vacuum_cell', 'straight_off']
+LONG_SCENARIOS = ['warming', 'held', 'measured', 'straight', 'cal_held', 'cell_filled', 'lamp_replaced', 'unpowered_placed', 'unpowered_lamp_fault']
+STEP_DTS = (0.4, 1.5, 6.0, 60.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, calibration='nominal', noise_seed=2), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0),
+                            dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, vacuum_supply_pa=90.0e3, lamp_age_s=1500.0 * 3600.0)],
+        'sample.provide': [dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='new')],
+        'sample.place': [dict(sample_id='pmma_on_si', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0), dict(sample_id='cal_wafer', offset_x_m=0.001, offset_y_m=0.0)],
+        'sample.remove': [dict(sample_id='pmma_on_si'), dict(sample_id='cal_wafer')],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_button': [{}],
+        'vacuum.set': [dict(on=True), dict(on=False)], 'vacuum.press_switch': [{}],
+        'aoi.set': [dict(position='65'), dict(position='70'), dict(position='90')],
+        'stage.move_z': [dict(z_m=rt.STAGE_Z_REF_M), dict(z_m=MZ - 0.0003), dict(z_m=rt.STAGE_Z_RANGE_M[0])],
+        'liquid_cell.install': [dict(sample_id='pmma_on_si')], 'liquid_cell.remove': [{}],
+        'liquid_cell.fill': [dict(liquid_id='water', volume_m3=450e-9), dict(liquid_id='ethanol', volume_m3=100e-9)], 'liquid_cell.drain': [{}],
+        'measure': [dict(mode='standard', alignment='standard', fixed_height_m=None, model_id='cauchy_on_si'),
+                    dict(mode='fast', alignment='none', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None),
+                    dict(mode='mm', alignment='robust', fixed_height_m=None, model_id=None),
+                    dict(mode='fast', alignment='fixed_height', fixed_height_m=MZ - rt.sample_height_m(PMMA), model_id=None)],
+        'calibration.run': [{}],
+        'analysis.fit': [dict(FIT), dict(FIT, model_id='si_native_oxide', fit=['oxide.thickness_m'], thickness_prefit=False)],
+        'analysis.uniqueness': [dict(record_ids=['SE0001'], model_id='cauchy_on_si', parameters={}, fit=['film.A', 'film.B'], scan_parameter='film.thickness_m',
+                                     values=[100e-9, 120e-9, 140e-9])],
+        'data.pseudo': [dict(record_id='SE0001')],
+        'records.delete': [dict(record_id='SE0001'), dict(record_id='CA0001'), dict(record_id='FT0001'), dict(record_id='ST0001')],
+        'system.acknowledge': [{}],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in rt.FAULTS] + [dict(fault=f, active=False) for f in rt.FAULTS],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 64:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    """Does the step change the value differently with the call (v1 -> a2) than without it (v0 -> b2)?  (leaf-wise, numeric increments)"""
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] != 'query'
+
+
+class DeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        """For every capability accepted in any scenario state: the slots it changes at once are declared effects, the slots whose change during the
+        following step differs from an identical run without the call are declared on_step effects, and the step itself only changes slots declared
+        as on_step effects of sim.step (the runtime noise is seeded by operation counters, so both runs draw identical noise)."""
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        self.assertFalse([s for v in rt.ON_STEP.values() for s in v if rt.SLOTS[s]['origin'] == 'setpoint'])
+
+    def test_every_executable_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+    def test_long_window_effects_of_operations_are_declared(self):
+        """Every accepted asynchronous call is followed until its operation has left 'running' (+ 5 s), every other call for 400 s (longer than
+        the lamp warm-up), comparing with the identical run without the call every 0.05 s for the first 10 s and every 1 s after."""
+        missing = {}
+        for sname in LONG_SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(sname)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap == 'sim.step':
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        res = _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    oid = res.get('operation_id') if isinstance(res, dict) and cap in rt.ASYNC else None
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    B = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    t, t_end = 0.0, (3600.0 if oid else 400.0)
+                    while t < t_end - 1e-9:
+                        d = 0.05 if t < 10.0 - 1e-9 else 1.0
+                        A.step(d)
+                        B.step(d)
+                        t += d
+                        a2, b2 = A.read('evaluator'), B.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                        if oid and A.operations[oid]['phase'] != 'running' and t_end == 3600.0:
+                            t_end = t + 5.0
+        self.assertEqual(missing, {})
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        """Runs last (class name): every code raised by a device call anywhere in this test module is declared for that capability."""
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'})
+                      for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_jeol_jem1400flash.py b/tests/test_asset_jeol_jem1400flash.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e4178e80448e498b0c5d86d24a322b3a86d4246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_jeol_jem1400flash.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1619 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-152 jeol_jem1400flash: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_jeol_jem1400flash.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two
+instances are isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (electron charge, gas), real return values validated against the
+declared schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation remnants, host-step independence,
+declared immediate and on_step effects covering what the process changes; plus the instrument behaviour documented by JEOL and the facility
+procedures (start-up and vacuum, HT 10-120 kV with the dark current of 44 uA at 80 kV and 66 uA at 120 kV, beam current 5-7 uA above the dark
+current at bias 40, specimen exchange through the airlock with stage neutral and filament off, Evac Ready, holder tilt limits, LOW MAG /
+MAG / DIFF steps, camera 2048 x 2048 with 21.7 um pixels, lattice resolution 0.14 nm) and the electron-scattering physics (mass-thickness and
+diffraction contrast, extinction distances, ring and spot patterns, Thon rings, beam damage).
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import random
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "scripts"))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts"))
+from asset_runtime import jeol_jem1400flash as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE = [], {}
+_META = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_jeol_jem1400flash_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.JeolJem1400flashRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (read does not advance time)."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.time_ns
+    out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.time_ns == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if after[k] != before[k]} - set(rt.CAPS[capability_id]['effects'])
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.JeolJem1400flashRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+AU = rt.SPECIMEN_EXAMPLE
+
+
+class QuietRng:
+    """Noise-free stand-in for random.Random (gauges exact, fixed draws) so that two runs differ only by the process."""
+    def gauss(self, mu, sigma):
+        return mu
+
+    def random(self):
+        return 0.5
+
+    def uniform(self, a, b):
+        return 0.5 * (a + b)
+
+    def getrandbits(self, k):
+        return 12345
+
+
+def grid(sid, phases, support='amorphous_carbon', t_support=1e-8, holes=0.0, mesh='200'):
+    return dict(specimen_id=sid, grid_mesh=mesh, grid_material='copper', support_film=support, support_thickness_m=t_support if support != 'none' else 0.0,
+                hole_fraction=holes, phases=phases)
+
+
+def phase(sub, form='particles', size=2e-8, t=2e-8, cov=0.15, cryst='single_crystal', zone=None, stain=0.0):
+    return dict(substance_id=sub, form=form, size_m=size, thickness_m=t, coverage=cov, crystallinity=cryst, zone_axis=zone, stain_mass_fraction=stain)
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.JeolJem1400flashRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, ht=True, **plant):
+    """Powered, TEM Center up, column and gun at the ready pressure, HT at 120 kV (filament off)."""
+    h = configured(seed, **plant)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(260.0)
+    if ht:
+        h.invoke('ht.set_on', on=True)
+        h.step(125.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def inserted(specimen=AU, holder='quick_change', seed=1, beam=True, **plant):
+    """A grid in the column (quick-change holder), filament saturated, condenser aperture in, beam spread over about 12 um, screen down."""
+    h = ready(seed, **plant)
+    if specimen is not None:
+        h.invoke('specimen.provide', **specimen)
+        h.invoke('holder.load_grid', holder_id=holder, specimen_id=specimen['specimen_id'])
+    h.invoke('holder.insert_to_airlock', holder_id=holder)
+    h.step(12.0)
+    h.invoke('airlock.set_pump', pump=True)
+    h.step(60.0)
+    h.invoke('holder.insert')
+    h.step(10.0)
+    if specimen is not None:                                        # view an open grid square (the random mount may put the origin on a bar)
+        x, y = open_square(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=x, y_m=y)
+        h.step(3.0)
+    if beam:
+        h.invoke('filament.set_on', on=True)
+        h.step(25.0)
+        h.invoke('aperture.set_condenser', inserted=True)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.53)
+        h.step(1.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def open_square(h, near=(0.0, 0.0)):
+    """Stage position of the centre of the grid square nearest to `near` (the host knows how the grid was mounted; an operator finds it at LOW MAG)."""
+    spec = h._spec()
+    mesh = rt.GRID_MESH[int(spec['grid_mesh'])]
+    p, w = mesh['pitch'], mesh['bar']
+    phi, oa, ob = spec['_mount']['phi'], spec['_mount']['off_a'], spec['_mount']['off_b']
+    a0 = math.cos(phi) * near[0] + math.sin(phi) * near[1] + oa
+    b0 = -math.sin(phi) * near[0] + math.cos(phi) * near[1] + ob
+    ac = round((a0 - (p + w) / 2) / p) * p + (p + w) / 2 - oa
+    bc = round((b0 - (p + w) / 2) / p) * p + (p + w) / 2 - ob
+    return math.cos(phi) * ac - math.sin(phi) * bc, math.sin(phi) * ac + math.cos(phi) * bc
+
+
+def camera(h, mag=30000.0, ol=2):
+    h.invoke('aperture.set_objective', position=ol)
+    h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=mag)
+    h.invoke('screen.set', up=True)
+    h.step(1.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def acquire_image(h, exposure=1.0, binning=1):
+    op = h.invoke('image.acquire', exposure_s=exposure, binning=binning)['operation_id']
+    h.step(h.operations[op]['duration'] + 1.0)
+    return h.images[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+
+
+def acquire_pattern(h, exposure=0.5, binning=1):
+    op = h.invoke('diffraction.acquire', exposure_s=exposure, binning=binning)['operation_id']
+    h.step(h.operations[op]['duration'] + 1.0)
+    return h.patterns[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+
+
+def rejected(h, cap, code, **a):
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    rev = h.revision
+    try:
+        h.invoke(cap, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        assert str(exc) == code, (cap, str(exc), code)
+        assert h.read('evaluator') == before, cap
+        assert h.revision == rev, cap
+        return True
+    raise AssertionError(f'{cap} was not rejected (expected {code})')
+
+
+def transmission(sid, t, v=120000.0, alpha=15e-3):
+    """Bright-field transmission of an amorphous layer (Lenz-Wentzel)."""
+    return math.exp(-rt.mu_el_outside(sid, v, alpha) * t)
+
+
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.jeol_jem1400flash')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-152')
+
+    def test_schemas_lint_and_examples_validate(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']), [], k)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema']), [], k)
+            if c['availability'] == 'implemented':
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+
+    def test_metadata_references_are_consistent(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for p in c['preconditions']:
+                for x in p['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertIn(e['code'], rt.ERROR_ZH, k)
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.EFFECTS) | set(rt.UNSUPPORTED) | {'image.result', 'diffraction.result', 'montage.result', 'records.list', 'events.read',
+                                                                  'ledger.read', 'provenance.read', 'camera.auto_exposure'}, set(rt.CAPS))
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.CAP_SOURCES), set(rt.CAPS))
+        for mech in meta['mechanisms'].values():
+            for x in mech['component_ids']:
+                self.assertIsInstance(x, str)
+
+    def test_every_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        """Each ActionRejected code raised by a command method appears in that capability's declared errors."""
+        import inspect
+        import re
+        src = inspect.getsource(rt.JeolJem1400flashRuntime)
+        meta = _meta()['capabilities']
+        helpers = {'_need_plant': ['PLANT_REQUIRED'], '_need_power': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF'],
+                   '_need_ready': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING'], '_need_idle': ['ACQUISITION_RUNNING'],
+                   '_need_holder_still': ['HOLDER_MOVING'], '_need_camera_view': ['BEAM_NOT_READY', 'SCREEN_DOWN'],
+                   '_need_stage': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING', 'ACQUISITION_RUNNING', 'HOLDER_MOVING', 'HOLDER_NOT_IN_COLUMN'],
+                   '_need_acquire': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING', 'ACQUISITION_RUNNING', 'HOLDER_MOVING', 'BEAM_NOT_READY',
+                                     'SCREEN_DOWN', 'STAGE_MOVING', 'RECORDS_FULL']}
+        for k in rt.CAPS:
+            if k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+                continue
+            m = re.search(r'    def _cmd_' + k.replace('.', '_') + r'\(.*?(?=\n    def |\Z)', src, re.S)
+            self.assertIsNotNone(m, k)
+            body = m.group(0)
+            codes = set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", body))
+            for hname, hcodes in helpers.items():
+                if hname + '(' in body:
+                    codes |= set(hcodes)
+            if '_cmd_power_set(' in body:
+                codes |= {'PLANT_REQUIRED', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE'}
+            if '_cmd_screen_set(' in body:
+                codes |= {'PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING', 'ACQUISITION_RUNNING'}
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta[k]['errors']}
+            self.assertLessEqual(codes, declared, (k, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities_report_unsupported(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'unsupported', k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_and_describe_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = inserted()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        t, rev = h.time_ns, h.revision
+        h.read('evaluator')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertEqual((h.time_ns, h.revision), (t, rev))
+
+    def test_step_zero_and_negative(self):
+        h = configured()
+        rev = h.revision
+        h.step(0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.revision, rev)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.step(-1.0)
+
+    def test_host_step_chopping_does_not_change_the_result(self):
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = configured(seed=5)
+            h.rng = QuietRng()
+            h.invoke('specimen.provide', **AU)
+            h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+            h.invoke('holder.load_grid', holder_id='quick_change', specimen_id=AU['specimen_id'])
+            h.invoke('holder.insert_to_airlock', holder_id='quick_change')
+            h.invoke('airlock.set_pump', pump=True)
+            for dt in chunks:
+                h.step(dt)
+            return h.read('evaluator'), h.ledger()
+        (a, la), (b, lb) = run([300.0]), run([0.37] * 810 + [0.3])
+        for k in ('truth.column_pressure_pa', 'truth.gun_pressure_pa', 'truth.airlock_pressure_pa', 'vacuum.state', 'airlock.state', 'holder.position',
+                  'holder.withdrawal_m', 'truth.tmp_speed_fraction', 'system.state'):
+            if isinstance(a[k], float):
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(a[k], b[k], delta=1e-9 * max(abs(a[k]), 1e-12), msg=k)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(a[k], b[k], k)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(la['gas_pumped_mol'], lb['gas_pumped_mol'], delta=1e-12 * la['gas_pumped_mol'])
+
+    def test_beam_dose_does_not_depend_on_the_host_step(self):
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = inserted(seed=3)
+            h.rng = QuietRng()
+            h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=2e-5, y_m=-1e-5)
+            for dt in chunks:
+                h.step(dt)
+            return h.read('evaluator')
+        a, b = run([20.0]), run([0.25] * 80)
+        for k in ('stage.x_m', 'stage.y_m', 'truth.view_center_dose_c_m2', 'truth.filament_on_time_s'):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(a[k], b[k], delta=1e-9 * max(abs(a[k]), 1e-15), msg=k)
+
+    def test_set_points_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = inserted()
+        x0, y0 = h.stage['x'], h.stage['y']
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=x0 + 1e-4, y_m=y0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.stage['x'], x0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.stage_target['x'], x0 + 1e-4)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['x'], x0 + rt.STAGE_XY_SPEED * 1.0, places=15)
+        h.invoke('ht.set_voltage', voltage_v=80000.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.kv_act, 120000.0)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.kv_act, 110000.0, places=6)
+        h.invoke('screen.set', up=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.screen_angle, 0.0)
+        h.step(0.25)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.screen_angle, rt.SCREEN_UP_ANGLE_RAD / 2.0, places=12)
+
+
+class StartUpVacuumAndGun(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_start_up_times(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.SOFTWARE_BOOT_S - 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'booting')
+        rejected(h, 'ht.set_on', 'NOT_READY', on=True)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'ready')
+        self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'pumping')                   # the turbo pump is still spinning up
+        rejected(h, 'ht.set_on', 'VACUUM_NOT_READY', on=True)
+        h.step(150.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'ready')
+        self.assertLess(h.p_col, rt.COL_READY_PA)
+        self.assertLess(h.p_gun, rt.GUN_READY_PA)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.p_col, rt.Q_COLUMN_PA_M3_S / rt.S_TMP_M3_S, delta=0.05 * rt.Q_COLUMN_PA_M3_S / rt.S_TMP_M3_S)
+
+    def test_high_tension_ramp_and_dark_current(self):
+        h = ready(ht=False)
+        h.invoke('ht.set_voltage', voltage_v=80000.0)
+        h.invoke('ht.set_on', on=True)
+        h.step(40.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.kv_act, 40000.0, places=6)          # 1 kV/s
+        h.step(45.0)
+        r = h.read()
+        self.assertEqual(r['ht.voltage_indicated_v'], 80000.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['gun.dark_current_indicated_a'], 44e-6, delta=2e-6)     # facility: 44 uA +- 2 uA at 80 kV
+        h.invoke('ht.set_voltage', voltage_v=120000.0)
+        h.step(45.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['gun.dark_current_indicated_a'], 66e-6, delta=2e-6)   # 66 uA +- 2 uA at 120 kV
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['ht.voltage_indicated_v'], 120000.0)                      # the monitor shows it as 120 kV
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.quantize_kv(80020.0) % rt.KV_STEP_V, 0.0, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(rt.quantize_kv(5000.0), 10000.0)
+
+    def test_filament_bias_and_beam_current(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('filament.set_on', on=True)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['filament.state'], 'heating')
+        h.step(12.0)
+        r = h.read()
+        self.assertEqual(r['filament.state'], 'saturated')
+        above = r['gun.beam_current_indicated_a'] - r['gun.dark_current_indicated_a']
+        self.assertTrue(5e-6 <= above <= 7e-6, above)                 # facility: 5-7 uA above the dark current at bias 40
+        self.assertTrue(r['panel.beam_lamp'])
+        diffs = []
+        for _ in range(300):                                           # the meter fluctuates, but beam - dark stays inside the SOP window every cycle
+            h.step(1.0)
+            r = h.read()
+            diffs.append(r['gun.beam_current_indicated_a'] - r['gun.dark_current_indicated_a'])
+        self.assertTrue(all(5e-6 <= d <= 7e-6 for d in diffs), (min(diffs), max(diffs)))
+        self.assertLess(np.std(diffs), 0.2e-6)
+        h.invoke('filament.set_bias', bias=20.0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.read()['gun.beam_current_indicated_a'] - h.read()['gun.dark_current_indicated_a'], 9e-6)
+
+    def test_ht_needs_cooling_water_and_trips_on_gun_vacuum(self):
+        h = ready(ht=False, cooling_water_m3_s=2.0 / 60000.0)
+        rejected(h, 'ht.set_on', 'COOLING_WATER_LOW', on=True)
+        h = inserted()
+        camera(h)
+        op = h.invoke('image.acquire', exposure_s=5.0, binning=1)['operation_id']
+        h.step(1.0)
+        h.p_gun = 1e-3                                              # fault injection: a gun leak (no public command reaches the trip)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'HT_TRIP')
+        self.assertFalse(h.ht_on)
+        self.assertEqual(h.images[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['status'], 'failed')
+        rejected(h, 'ht.set_on', 'ERROR_PENDING', on=True)
+        h.invoke('error.acknowledge')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        h.invoke('ht.set_on', on=True)
+
+    def test_power_cycle_and_mains(self):
+        h = configured(mains_voltage_v=170.0)
+        rejected(h, 'power.set', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE', enabled=True)
+        rejected(h, 'power.key_toggle', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE')
+        h = configured()
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('power.key_toggle')['enabled'])
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['panel.power_lamp'])
+        self.assertFalse(h.invoke('power.key_toggle')['enabled'])
+        self.assertEqual((h.state, h.vac_state), ('off', 'idle'))
+        h = inserted()
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=250.0))
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.power)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'MAINS_FAULT')
+        self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'idle')
+        p = h.p_col
+        h.step(600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.p_col, p)                              # valves closed: the column leaks slowly
+        self.assertLess(h.p_col, 0.1)
+
+    def test_burnout_and_replacement(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('filament.set_on', on=True)
+        h.step(25.0)
+        h.fil_used_s = h.fil_life_s - 0.5
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.fil_burned, h.error), (True, 'FILAMENT_BURNOUT'))
+        rejected(h, 'gun.replace_filament', 'HT_ON')
+        h.invoke('ht.set_on', on=False)
+        n = h.invoke('gun.replace_filament')['filament_serial']
+        self.assertEqual((n, h.fil_burned, h.fil_used_s, h.error), (2, False, 0.0, None))
+
+    def test_filament_life_is_weibull_around_150_hours(self):
+        lives = []
+        for seed in range(400):
+            h = rt.JeolJem1400flashRuntime()
+            h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed))
+            lives.append(h.fil_life_s)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(np.mean(lives) / 3600.0, rt.FILAMENT_LIFE_H, delta=0.08 * rt.FILAMENT_LIFE_H)
+
+
+class SpecimenExchange(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_airlock_evacuation_insertion_and_removal(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('specimen.provide', **AU)
+        h.invoke('holder.load_grid', holder_id='quick_change', specimen_id=AU['specimen_id'])
+        h.invoke('holder.insert_to_airlock', holder_id='quick_change')
+        self.assertEqual(h.holder_pos, 'entering')
+        rejected(h, 'holder.insert', 'HOLDER_NOT_AT_AIRLOCK')
+        h.step(11.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.holder_pos, h.read()['airlock.state']), ('airlock', 'vented'))
+        rejected(h, 'holder.insert', 'AIRLOCK_NOT_EVACUATED')
+        h.invoke('airlock.set_pump', pump=True)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['airlock.state'], 'pumping')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['panel.airlock_lamp'])
+        h.step(15.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['airlock.state'], 'evacuated')       # about 40 s to 5 Pa
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['panel.airlock_lamp'])
+        p0 = h.p_col
+        h.invoke('holder.insert')
+        self.assertGreater(h.p_col, p0)                               # the airlock gas joins the column
+        h.step(3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.holder_pos, 'column')
+        self.assertTrue(h.ht_on)                                      # the short pressure rise does not trip the gun
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'ready')
+        h.invoke('filament.set_on', on=True)
+        h.step(25.0)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.withdraw', 'FILAMENT_ON')
+        h.invoke('filament.set_on', on=False)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=1e-5, y_m=0.0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.withdraw', 'STAGE_NOT_NEUTRAL')
+        h.invoke('stage.neutral')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('holder.withdraw')
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.holder_pos, 'airlock')
+        rejected(h, 'holder.remove', 'AIRLOCK_NOT_VENTED')
+        h.invoke('airlock.set_pump', pump=False)
+        h.step(15.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['airlock.state'], 'vented')
+        h.invoke('holder.remove')
+        h.step(11.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.holder_pos, h.holder_in), ('bench', None))
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('holder.unload_grid', holder_id='quick_change')['specimen_id'], AU['specimen_id'])
+        self.assertIn(AU['specimen_id'], h.read()['specimen.bench_ids'])
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(led['airlock_cycles'], 1.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['gas_residual_mol']), 1e-12 + 1e-9 * led['gas_admitted_mol'])
+
+    def test_exchange_preconditions(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('specimen.provide', **AU)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.unload_grid', 'HOLDER_EMPTY', holder_id='quick_change')
+        rejected(h, 'holder.load_grid', 'UNKNOWN_SPECIMEN', holder_id='quick_change', specimen_id='nope')
+        h.invoke('holder.load_grid', holder_id='quick_change', specimen_id=AU['specimen_id'])
+        rejected(h, 'holder.load_grid', 'SPECIMEN_NOT_ON_BENCH', holder_id='high_tilt', specimen_id=AU['specimen_id'])
+        h.invoke('filament.set_on', on=True)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.insert_to_airlock', 'FILAMENT_ON', holder_id='quick_change')
+        h.invoke('filament.set_on', on=False)
+        h.invoke('holder.insert_to_airlock', holder_id='quick_change')
+        rejected(h, 'holder.insert_to_airlock', 'GONIOMETER_OCCUPIED', holder_id='high_tilt')
+        rejected(h, 'filament.set_on', 'HOLDER_MOVING', on=True)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.neutral', 'HOLDER_MOVING')
+        rejected(h, 'holder.load_grid', 'HOLDER_IN_GONIOMETER', holder_id='quick_change', specimen_id=AU['specimen_id'])
+
+    def test_tilt_limits_of_the_holders(self):
+        h = inserted()
+        rejected(h, 'stage.set_tilt', 'TILT_OUT_OF_RANGE', tilt_rad=math.radians(25.0))
+        h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(-20.0))
+        h.step(12.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['stage.tilt_indicated_rad'], math.radians(-20.0), places=9)
+        h2 = inserted(holder='high_tilt')
+        h2.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(70.0))
+        h2.step(40.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(math.degrees(h2.stage['tilt']), 70.0, places=9)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):                          # outside the input schema (+-70 deg)
+            h2.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(71.0))
+
+    def test_specimen_validation(self):
+        h = configured()
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'SUPPORT_REQUIRED', **grid('a', [phase('gold')], support='none'))
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'SUPPORT_INVALID', **dict(grid('b', []), support_thickness_m=0.0))
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'UNKNOWN_SUBSTANCE', **grid('c', [phase('unobtainium')]))
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'CRYSTALLINITY_INVALID', **grid('d', [phase('polystyrene', cryst='single_crystal')]))
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'ZONE_AXIS_INVALID', **grid('e', [phase('silicon', form='film', size=1e-6, cov=1.0, cryst='polycrystalline', zone=[0, 0, 1])]))
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'STAIN_INVALID', **grid('f', [phase('gold', stain=0.1)]))
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'COVERAGE_TOO_HIGH', **grid('g', [phase('gold', cov=0.5)]))
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'COVERAGE_INVALID', **grid('h', [phase('gold', cov=0.0)]))
+        h.invoke('specimen.provide', **AU)
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'SPECIMEN_EXISTS', **AU)
+
+
+class OpticsAndImaging(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_modes_and_magnification_steps(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('optics.set_mode', mode='LOW_MAG')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=5000.0)['magnification'], 1000.0)   # LOW MAG up to x1,000
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=10.0)['magnification'], 10.0)
+        rejected(h, 'optics.set_mode', 'NOT_IN_MAG_MODE', mode='DIFF')
+        rejected(h, 'optics.toggle_diffraction', 'NOT_IN_MAG_MODE')
+        h.invoke('optics.set_mode', mode='MAG')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=1.5e6)['magnification'], 1.5e6)   # HR x1,500,000
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=50.0)['magnification'], 200.0)                       # MAG from x200
+        h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        self.assertEqual(h.mode, 'DIFF')
+        rejected(h, 'optics.set_magnification', 'DIFF_MODE', magnification=1000.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('optics.set_camera_length', camera_length_m=0.33)['camera_length_m'], 0.30)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['display.mag_or_camera_length_text'], '300')                       # mm on the display
+        out = h.invoke('optics.set_magnification_step_fraction', fraction=1.0)
+        self.assertEqual((out['magnification'], out['camera_length_m']), (None, rt.CAMERA_LENGTHS_M[-1]))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['optics.camera_length_m'], rt.CAMERA_LENGTHS_M[-1])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['display.mag_or_camera_length_text'], '3000')
+        h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        self.assertEqual(h.mode, 'MAG')
+
+    def test_magnification_knob_keeps_the_hand_position(self):
+        h = ready()
+        n = len(rt.MAG_STEPS) - 1
+        frac = (rt.MAG_STEPS.index(30000) + 0.3) / n                           # a hand turn between two detents
+        out = h.invoke('optics.set_magnification_step_fraction', fraction=frac)
+        self.assertEqual((out['fraction'], out['magnification']), (frac, 30000.0))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['optics.magnification_step_fraction'], frac)   # the knob stays where it was left
+        h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=5000.0)             # a selected step puts the knob on its detent
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['optics.magnification_step_fraction'], rt.MAG_STEPS.index(5000) / n)
+
+    def test_illumination_current_and_screen_reading(self):
+        h = inserted()
+        I1 = h._specimen_current()
+        h.invoke('optics.set_spot_size', spot=3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._specimen_current() / I1, 0.25, places=12)
+        h.invoke('aperture.set_condenser', inserted=False)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._specimen_current() / I1, 0.75, places=12)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_spot_size', spot=1)
+        h.invoke('aperture.set_condenser', inserted=True)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.5)
+        d0 = h._illum_d()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(d0, rt.ILLUM_D_MIN_M, places=15)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._illum_d(), rt.ILLUM_D_MAX_M, places=15)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.53)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        r = h.read()
+        j1 = r['illumination.screen_current_density_a_m2']
+        self.assertIsNotNone(j1)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=60000.0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['illumination.screen_current_density_a_m2'] / j1, (30000.0 / 60000.0) ** 2, delta=0.12)   # 1/M^2 (3 % noise)
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('screen.toggle')['up'])                          # F1
+        h.step(0.2)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['screen.moving'])
+        rejected(h, 'image.acquire', 'SCREEN_DOWN', exposure_s=0.1, binning=1)      # still turning
+        h.step(0.8)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['illumination.screen_current_density_a_m2'])
+
+    def test_mass_thickness_contrast(self):
+        """Amorphous transmission follows exp(-t / x_k): thicker, heavier, smaller aperture and lower voltage all darken."""
+        c10, c20 = transmission('amorphous_carbon', 10e-9), transmission('amorphous_carbon', 20e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c20, c10 ** 2, places=12)
+        self.assertTrue(0.95 < c10 < 0.99, c10)                          # a 10 nm carbon film is nearly transparent at 120 kV
+        self.assertLess(transmission('gold', 10e-9), 0.5)
+        self.assertLess(transmission('amorphous_carbon', 10e-9, alpha=5e-3), transmission('amorphous_carbon', 10e-9, alpha=30e-3))
+        self.assertLess(transmission('amorphous_carbon', 50e-9, v=60000.0), transmission('amorphous_carbon', 50e-9, v=120000.0))
+        # a stained section is darker than an unstained one of the same thickness
+        h = inserted(specimen=grid('sec', [phase('epoxy_resin', form='section', size=1e-6, t=7e-8, cov=1.0, cryst='amorphous', stain=0.15)], support='formvar',
+                                   t_support=2e-8, mesh='300'))
+        h2 = inserted(specimen=grid('sec', [phase('epoxy_resin', form='section', size=1e-6, t=7e-8, cov=1.0, cryst='amorphous')], support='formvar',
+                                    t_support=2e-8, mesh='300'))
+        f1, f2 = h._view_fractions(), h2._view_fractions()
+        self.assertLess(f1['T_view'], f2['T_view'])
+
+    def test_diffraction_contrast_and_extinction_distances(self):
+        """Two-beam extinction distances from the library structure factors agree with the tabulated values (100 kV)."""
+        lit = {('gold', (1, 1, 1)): 18.3e-9, ('aluminium', (1, 1, 1)): 55.6e-9, ('silicon', (2, 2, 0)): 75.7e-9}
+        for (sid, hkl), ref in lit.items():
+            cr = rt.substance(sid)['crystal']
+            r = [x for x in cr['_refl'] if tuple(x['hkl']) == hkl][0]
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.extinction_distance(cr, r, 100000.0) / ref, 1.0, delta=0.08, msg=sid)
+        # a crystal in the Bragg condition diffracts strongly out of a small aperture: pendellosung at t = xi / 2
+        xi = 20e-9
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.two_beam_intensity(xi / 2.0, 0.0, xi), 1.0, places=12)
+        self.assertLess(rt.two_beam_intensity(xi / 2.0, 0.2e9, xi), 0.05)
+
+    def test_image_counts_regions_and_noise(self):
+        h = camera(inserted(), mag=30000.0)
+        img = acquire_image(h, exposure=1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(img['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(len(img['thumbnail']), rt.THUMB)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(img['field_of_view_m'], 2048 * 21.7e-6 / 30000.0, places=15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(img['pixel_size_m'], 21.7e-6 / 30000.0, places=15)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(img['regions']), 2)
+        self.assertFalse(any('gold' in json.dumps(r) or 'carbon' in json.dumps(r) for r in img['regions']))
+        self.assertEqual(img['template_source']['library'], rt.LIBRARY_REL)
+        bright = img['regions'][0]
+        dose = h._current_density() * 1.0 / rt.E_CHARGE                        # incident dose (evaluator truth)
+        expected = dose * (21.7e-6 / 30000.0) ** 2 * rt.ADU_PER_ELECTRON
+        self.assertTrue(0.8 * expected < bright['mean_counts'] <= expected * 1.0001, (bright['mean_counts'], expected))
+        est = img['dose_estimate_e_per_m2']                                     # camera estimate: brightest 1 % of the frame (film, no holes): below the dose
+        self.assertTrue(0.7 * dose < est < 1.02 * dose and est != dose, (est, dose))
+        img4 = acquire_image(h, exposure=4.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(img4['regions'][0]['mean_counts'] / bright['mean_counts'], 4.0, delta=0.2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(img4['regions'][0]['snr'] / bright['snr'], 2.0, delta=0.2)         # Poisson: SNR ~ sqrt(dose)
+        imgb = acquire_image(h, exposure=1.0, binning=2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(imgb['regions'][0]['mean_counts'] / bright['mean_counts'], 4.0, delta=0.2)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.5)                          # condensed to the crossover: most of the frame is dark
+        dark = acquire_image(h, exposure=0.001)
+        self.assertGreater(max(r['area_fraction_in_view'] for r in dark['regions'] if r['mean_counts'] == 0.0), 0.9)
+
+    def test_lattice_fringes_need_resolution_and_the_aperture(self):
+        h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('auz', [phase('gold', zone=[1, 1, 0])])), mag=300000.0, ol=0)   # [110] particles: {111} and {200} excited
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.5)                          # crossover (2 mrad) and the grid height away from focus: washed out
+        img0 = acquire_image(h, exposure=0.5)
+        self.assertFalse([x for r in img0['regions'] for x in r['lattice_spacings_m']])
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.505)
+        h.invoke('optics.auto_focus')                                         # near focus the spatial-coherence envelope passes the fringes
+        img = acquire_image(h, exposure=0.5)
+        d = sorted({x for r in img['regions'] for x in r['lattice_spacings_m']})
+        self.assertTrue(d, img['regions'])
+        gold = {round(x['d'], 12) for x in rt.substance('gold')['crystal']['_refl']}
+        self.assertTrue(all(round(x, 12) in gold for x in d), d)
+        self.assertTrue(all(x >= rt.LATTICE_RESOLUTION_M for x in d))
+        h.invoke('aperture.set_objective', position=4)                      # 20 um: 5 mrad < 2 theta of Au 111 (14 mrad)
+        img2 = acquire_image(h, exposure=0.5)
+        self.assertFalse([x for r in img2['regions'] for x in r['lattice_spacings_m']])
+        h.invoke('aperture.set_objective', position=0)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=50000.0)          # Nyquist 0.87 nm > 0.235 nm
+        img3 = acquire_image(h, exposure=0.5)
+        self.assertFalse([x for r in img3['regions'] for x in r['lattice_spacings_m']])
+
+    def test_thon_rings_follow_the_defocus(self):
+        h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('c', [], t_support=2e-8)), mag=150000.0, ol=0)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.503)
+        h.invoke('optics.auto_focus')
+        self.assertLess(abs(h._defocus_true()), 5 * rt.AUTOFOCUS_SD_M)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_defocus', defocus_m=h.dz_display + 2e-6)
+        img = acquire_image(h, exposure=1.0)
+        k = img['thon_ring_frequencies_per_m']
+        self.assertTrue(k, img)
+        lam = rt.wavelength_m(120000.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(k[0], 1.0 / math.sqrt(lam * 2e-6), delta=0.05 / math.sqrt(lam * 2e-6))   # first zero ~ (lambda dz)^-1/2
+        h.invoke('optics.set_defocus', defocus_m=h.dz_display - 2e-6 + 4e-6)
+        k2 = acquire_image(h, exposure=1.0)['thon_ring_frequencies_per_m']
+        self.assertLess(k2[0], k[0])                                          # more defocus: the rings contract
+
+    def test_eucentric_height_tilt_shift_and_standard_focus(self):
+        h = inserted()
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_m=2e-5)
+        h.step(3.0)
+        h.invoke('optics.standard_focus')
+        hgt = h._spec()['_mount']['h'] + 2e-5
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._defocus_true(), -hgt, places=15)          # specimen above the eucentric plane: overfocus
+        h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(10.0))
+        h.step(6.0)
+        cu, cv, t, h_axis = h._geometry()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(cv - h.stage['y'], hgt * math.tan(math.radians(10.0)), places=15)   # the image moves h tan(tilt)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h_axis, hgt / math.cos(math.radians(10.0)), places=15)
+
+    def test_auto_focus_and_exposure_need_a_view(self):
+        h = inserted()
+        rejected(h, 'optics.auto_focus', 'SCREEN_DOWN')
+        camera(h)
+        e = h.invoke('camera.auto_exposure')
+        self.assertTrue(0.001 <= e['exposure_s'] <= 60.0)
+        h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        rejected(h, 'optics.auto_focus', 'NOT_IN_MAG_MODE')
+        rejected(h, 'image.acquire', 'DIFF_MODE', exposure_s=1.0, binning=1)
+
+    def test_low_mag_shows_the_grid_and_the_objective_aperture_blocks_it(self):
+        h = camera(inserted(), mag=100.0, ol=0)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_mode', mode='LOW_MAG')
+        h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=100.0)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=1.0)
+        img = acquire_image(h, exposure=0.1)
+        dark = sum(r['area_fraction_in_view'] for r in img['regions'] if r['mean_counts'] < 0.05 * img['regions'][0]['mean_counts'])
+        mesh = rt.GRID_MESH[200]
+        bars = 1.0 - ((mesh['pitch'] - mesh['bar']) / mesh['pitch']) ** 2
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(dark, bars, delta=0.12)                     # 200 mesh: about half of the area is bars
+        h.invoke('aperture.set_objective', position=2)
+        img2 = acquire_image(h, exposure=0.1)
+        dark2 = sum(r['area_fraction_in_view'] for r in img2['regions'] if r['mean_counts'] < 0.05 * max(1e-9, img['regions'][0]['mean_counts']))
+        self.assertGreater(dark2, 0.95)                                    # facility: no beam in LOW MAG with the objective aperture in
+
+
+class Diffraction(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_polycrystalline_rings_and_camera_length_calibration(self):
+        al = grid('al', [phase('aluminium', form='film', size=2e-8, t=3e-8, cov=1.0, cryst='polycrystalline')])
+        h = inserted(specimen=al)
+        h.invoke('aperture.set_selected_area', position=1)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.9)
+        h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        h.invoke('screen.set', up=True)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        p = acquire_pattern(h)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(p['rings']), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(p['spots'], [])
+        refl = rt.substance('aluminium')['crystal']['_refl']
+        ratios = []
+        for ring in p['rings'][:5]:
+            true_d = min((x['d'] for x in refl), key=lambda d: abs(d - ring['d_spacing_display_m'] * (1 + h.cl_err)))
+            ratios.append(ring['d_spacing_display_m'] / true_d)
+        self.assertLess(max(ratios) - min(ratios), 2e-3)                    # one calibration constant for all rings
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(np.mean(ratios), 1.0 / (1.0 + h.cl_err), delta=2e-3)
+        strongest = max(p['rings'], key=lambda r: r['relative_intensity'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(strongest['d_spacing_display_m'] * (1 + h.cl_err), 0.2338e-9, delta=0.003e-9)   # Al 111
+        self.assertEqual(p['halos'][0]['relative_intensity'] > 0.0, True)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['selected_area_diameter_m'], 100e-6 / 30.0, places=15)
+
+    def test_single_crystal_zone_axis_spots(self):
+        si = grid('si', [phase('silicon', form='film', size=1e-6, t=5e-8, cov=1.0, cryst='single_crystal', zone=[0, 0, 1])], support='none')
+        h = inserted(specimen=si)
+        h.invoke('aperture.set_selected_area', position=3)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.9)
+        h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        h.invoke('screen.set', up=True)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        p = acquire_pattern(h)
+        self.assertEqual(p['rings'], [])
+        self.assertGreater(len(p['spots']), 4)
+        lam, L = rt.wavelength_m(120000.0), h._camera_length_true()
+        radii = sorted({round(math.hypot(s['x_m'], s['y_m']) / (L * lam), -6) for s in p['spots']})
+        g220 = 1.0 / 0.19201e-9
+        self.assertTrue(any(abs(r - g220) < 0.02 * g220 for r in radii), radii)            # {220} of the [001] zone
+        g200 = 1.0 / 0.27155e-9
+        self.assertFalse(any(abs(r - g200) < 0.02 * g200 for r in radii))                 # 200 is kinematically forbidden in diamond Si
+
+    def test_amorphous_halo_and_objective_aperture_truncation(self):
+        h = inserted(specimen=grid('pc', [phase('polystyrene', form='film', size=1e-6, t=3e-8, cov=1.0, cryst='amorphous')]))
+        h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        h.invoke('screen.set', up=True)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        p = acquire_pattern(h)
+        self.assertEqual((p['rings'], p['spots']), ([], []))
+        self.assertTrue(p['halos'])
+        h2 = inserted()
+        h2.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.9)
+        h2.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        h2.invoke('screen.set', up=True)
+        h2.step(1.0)
+        full = acquire_pattern(h2)
+        h2.invoke('aperture.set_objective', position=4)
+        cut = acquire_pattern(h2)
+        self.assertLess(len(cut['rings']), len(full['rings']))
+        self.assertTrue(all(r['radius_m'] < h2._camera_length_true() * math.tan(20e-6 / (2 * rt.OBJ_FOCAL_M)) for r in cut['rings']))
+
+
+class BeamDamage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_formvar_loses_mass_under_an_intense_beam(self):
+        h = inserted(specimen=grid('fv', [], support='formvar', t_support=5e-8, mesh='400'))
+        camera(h, mag=30000.0)
+        x, y = open_square(h, (3e-4, 3e-4))
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=1.0)                          # beam spread to 200 um while the stage travels (negligible dose)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=x, y_m=y)                               # a fresh area
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.53)
+        d0 = h.read('evaluator')['truth.view_center_dose_c_m2']
+        t0 = acquire_image(h, exposure=1.0)['regions'][0]['mean_counts']      # spread beam (about 12 um): a few C/m^2
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.505)                        # condensed to about 2 um for 30 s
+        h.step(30.0)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.53)
+        d1 = h.read('evaluator')['truth.view_center_dose_c_m2']
+        self.assertLess(d0, 50.0)
+        self.assertGreater(d1, 1e4)                                          # far above Formvar's characteristic dose (~400 C/m^2 at 120 kV)
+        t1 = acquire_image(h, exposure=1.0)['regions'][0]['mean_counts']
+        T0, T1 = transmission('formvar', 5e-8), transmission('formvar', 0.7 * 5e-8)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t1 / t0, T1 / T0, delta=0.01)                 # 30 % mass loss (residual 0.7): the film transmits more
+
+    def test_halide_crystallinity_fades_gold_does_not(self):
+        def rings(sub):
+            h = inserted(specimen=grid(sub, [phase(sub, form='film', size=2e-8, t=4e-8, cov=1.0, cryst='polycrystalline')]))
+            h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.51)                     # about 4 um: the diffracting area is the damaged area
+            h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+            h.invoke('screen.set', up=True)
+            h.step(1.0)
+            p0 = acquire_pattern(h)
+            h.step(300.0)                                                     # about 3 characteristic doses of the halide at 120 kV
+            p1 = acquire_pattern(h)
+            halo = lambda p: sum(x['relative_intensity'] for x in p['halos'])  # noqa: E731
+            return p0, p1, halo(p0), halo(p1)
+        _, _, h0, h1 = rings('halite')
+        self.assertGreater(h1, h0)                                           # radiolysis turns Bragg scattering into diffuse scattering
+        g0, g1, gh0, gh1 = rings('gold')
+        self.assertEqual(len(g0['rings']), len(g1['rings']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(gh0, gh1, places=9)
+
+
+class LedgersIsolationSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_charge_and_gas_ledgers_close(self):
+        h = camera(inserted())
+        acquire_image(h)
+        h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        acquire_pattern(h)
+        h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        h.invoke('aperture.set_objective', position=0)
+        h.invoke('filament.set_on', on=False)
+        h.invoke('stage.neutral')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('holder.withdraw')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        h.invoke('airlock.set_pump', pump=False)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        h.invoke('holder.remove')
+        h.step(15.0)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['charge_residual_c']), 1e-18 + 1e-9 * led['beam_charge_c'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['gas_residual_mol']), 1e-15 + 1e-9 * led['gas_admitted_mol'])
+        self.assertGreater(led['grid_stopped_charge_c'], 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(led['detector_charge_c'], 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(led['gas_released_mol'], 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['specimen_plane_charge_c'], led['grid_stopped_charge_c'] + led['objective_aperture_stopped_charge_c'] + led['detector_charge_c'],
+                               delta=1e-9 * led['specimen_plane_charge_c'])
+
+    def test_redeclared_room_temperature_keeps_the_gas_ledger(self):
+        h = inserted(beam=False)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, room_k=300.15))
+        h.step(30.0)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['gas_residual_mol']), 1e-15 + 1e-9 * led['gas_admitted_mol'])
+
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = inserted(seed=1), inserted(seed=1)
+        camera(a)
+        acquire_image(a)
+        self.assertEqual(b.images, {})
+        self.assertNotEqual(a.read('evaluator'), b.read('evaluator'))
+
+    def test_agent_does_not_see_truth(self):
+        h = inserted()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        a, e = h.session('a'), h.session('e')
+        ra = a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        re_ = e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in ra))
+        self.assertTrue(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in re_))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['truth.column_pressure_pa'])
+        d = a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertNotIn('ledger.read', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertNotIn('specimen.provide', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']))
+        r = a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='ledger.read', arguments={}, request_id='x')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        camera(h)
+        rid = a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(exposure_s=0.5, binning=1), request_id='i')['operation_id']
+        h.step(2.0)
+        out = a.poll(rid)['result']
+        self.assertEqual(out['template_source']['library'], rt.LIBRARY_REL)
+        self.assertNotIn('truth', json.dumps(out))
+
+    def test_records_and_control_belong_to_their_agent(self):
+        h = camera(inserted())
+        for p in ('a1', 'a2'):
+            h.register_principal(p, 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        I = h.instance_id
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(exposure_s=3.0, binning=1), request_id='r1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(exposure_s=3.0, binning=1), request_id='r1'), r)
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(exposure_s=1.0, binning=1),
+                                   request_id='r1')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        for cap, args in (('ht.set_voltage', dict(voltage_v=80000.0)), ('filament.set_on', dict(on=False)), ('aperture.set_objective', dict(position=0)),
+                          ('holder.load_grid', dict(holder_id='high_tilt', specimen_id='x'))):
+            self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='g-' + cap)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        o2 = s2.read(instance_id=I)['observations']
+        self.assertTrue(o2['acquisition.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(o2['acquisition.id']['value'])
+        h.step(5.0)
+        rid = h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.result', arguments=dict(image_id=rid), request_id='x2')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.result', arguments=dict(image_id='img-99'), request_id='x3')['error']['code'],
+                         'UNKNOWN_RECORD')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.result', arguments=dict(image_id=rid), request_id='x4')['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.read(instance_id=I)['observations']['result.last_image_id']['value'], rid)
+        self.assertIsNone(s2.read(instance_id=I)['observations']['result.last_image_id']['value'])
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='x5')['result']['images'], [])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s2.poll(r['operation_id'])
+
+    def test_cancel_keeps_the_dose_and_discards_the_frame(self):
+        h = camera(inserted())
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(exposure_s=10.0, binning=1), request_id='c1')
+        h.step(4.0)
+        q0 = h.ledger()['beam_charge_c']
+        d0 = h.read('evaluator')['truth.view_center_dose_c_m2']
+        c = s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c2')
+        self.assertEqual(c['result']['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        rec = h.images[h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_code'], rec['regions']), ('cancelled', 'USER_CANCEL', []))
+        self.assertGreater(q0, 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['beam_charge_c'], q0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.view_center_dose_c_m2'], d0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.acq)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c3')
+
+    def test_beam_off_and_power_off_fail_running_acquisitions(self):
+        h = camera(inserted())
+        op = h.invoke('image.acquire', exposure_s=10.0, binning=1)['operation_id']
+        h.step(2.0)
+        h.invoke('filament.set_on', on=False)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        rec = h.images[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_code']), ('failed', 'BEAM_OFF'))
+        h = camera(inserted())
+        h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=5000.0)
+        op = h.invoke('montage.acquire', rows=2, cols=2, overlap=0.1, exposure_s=0.5, binning=2)['operation_id']
+        h.step(3.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        rec = h.montages[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_code']), ('failed', 'POWER_OFF'))
+
+    def test_montage_path_duration_and_return(self):
+        h = camera(inserted(), mag=5000.0)
+        x0 = h.stage['x']
+        op = h.invoke('montage.acquire', rows=2, cols=3, overlap=0.1, exposure_s=0.5, binning=2)['operation_id']
+        o = h.operations[op]
+        fov = 2048 * 21.7e-6 / 5000.0
+        step = fov * 0.9
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.montages[o['record_id']]['tile_step_m'], step, places=15)
+        moves = [max(abs(a['x'] - b['x']), abs(a['y'] - b['y'])) for a, b in zip([dict(x=x0, y=h.stage['y'])] + o['schedule'][:-1], o['schedule'])]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o['duration'], sum(m / rt.STAGE_XY_SPEED for m in moves) + 6 * (rt.MONTAGE_SETTLE_S + 0.5 + rt.CAMERA_READOUT_S), places=9)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['x'], o['schedule'][0]['x'], places=15)          # the stage drives the field to the first tile
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['y'], o['schedule'][0]['y'], places=15)
+        h.step(o['duration'] + 10.0)
+        rec = h.montages[o['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('montage.result', montage_id=o['record_id'])['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual((len(rec['mosaic']), len(rec['mosaic'][0])), (2 * rt.TILE_PX, 3 * rt.TILE_PX))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['x'], x0, places=15)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_mode', mode='LOW_MAG')
+        h.invoke('optics.set_magnification', magnification=50.0)
+        rejected(h, 'montage.acquire', 'MONTAGE_OUT_OF_RANGE', rows=8, cols=8, overlap=0.0, exposure_s=0.1, binning=1)
+
+    def test_query_and_bookkeeping_capabilities(self):
+        h = camera(inserted())
+        out = h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['time_s'], h.time_s, places=12)
+        img = acquire_image(h)
+        h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        pat = acquire_pattern(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('image.result', image_id=img['image_id'])['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('diffraction.result', pattern_id=pat['pattern_id'])['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.list'), dict(images=[img['image_id']], patterns=[pat['pattern_id']], montages=[]))
+        codes = [e['code'] for e in h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        for c in ('POWER_ON', 'SOFTWARE_READY', 'VACUUM_READY', 'HT_ON', 'GRID_LOADED', 'HOLDER_AT_AIRLOCK', 'HOLDER_IN_COLUMN', 'FILAMENT_ON', 'IMAGE_START',
+                  'DIFF_START', 'ACQ_COMPLETED'):
+            self.assertIn(c, codes)
+        prov = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual((prov['library'], prov['substances']), (rt.LIBRARY_REL, ['amorphous_carbon', 'gold']))
+        led = h.invoke('ledger.read')
+        self.assertEqual(set(led), set(rt.LEDGER_KEYS))
+        self.assertGreater(led['beam_charge_c'], 0.0)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects cover what the process changes
+def _scenario(name):
+    """Scenario states for the with/without-call comparison (built with a seeded noise stream; the comparison replaces it by QuietRng)."""
+    R = rt.JeolJem1400flashRuntime()
+    inv = R.invoke
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return R
+    inv('plant.configure', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+    inv('specimen.provide', **AU)
+    inv('specimen.provide', **grid('stained_section', [phase('epoxy_resin', form='section', size=1e-6, t=7e-8, cov=0.8, cryst='amorphous', stain=0.1)],
+                                   support='formvar', t_support=2e-8, mesh='300'))
+    inv('specimen.provide', **grid('hal', [phase('halite', form='film', size=2e-8, t=4e-8, cov=1.0, cryst='polycrystalline')]))
+    if name == 'off':
+        return R
+    inv('power.set', enabled=True)
+    if name == 'booting':
+        R.step(10.0)
+        return R
+    R.step(260.0)
+    if name == 'ready':
+        return R
+    if name == 'power_cycled_off':
+        inv('power.set', enabled=False)
+        R.step(5.0)
+        return R
+    inv('ht.set_on', on=True)
+    if name == 'ht_ramping':
+        R.step(30.0)
+        return R
+    R.step(125.0)
+    if name == 'ht_ready':
+        return R
+    if name in ('high_tilt_screen', 'sec_beam_screen', 'sec_moving', 'halite_diffracting'):
+        sid, holder = {'high_tilt_screen': (AU['specimen_id'], 'high_tilt'), 'halite_diffracting': ('hal', 'quick_change')}.get(name, ('stained_section', 'quick_change'))
+        inv('holder.load_grid', holder_id=holder, specimen_id=sid)
+        inv('holder.insert_to_airlock', holder_id=holder)
+        R.step(12.0)
+        inv('airlock.set_pump', pump=True)
+        R.step(60.0)
+        inv('holder.insert')
+        R.step(5.0)
+        inv('filament.set_on', on=True)
+        R.step(25.0)
+        inv('aperture.set_condenser', inserted=True)
+        inv('optics.set_brightness', value=0.53)
+        R.step(1.0)
+        if name == 'high_tilt_screen':
+            inv('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(60.0))
+            R.step(12.7)
+        elif name == 'sec_moving':
+            inv('stage.move_xy', x_m=1e-4, y_m=0.0)
+            R.step(0.4)
+        elif name == 'halite_diffracting':
+            inv('screen.set', up=True)
+            inv('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+            R.step(1.0)
+            inv('diffraction.acquire', exposure_s=3.0, binning=1)
+            R.step(1.4)
+        return R
+    inv('holder.load_grid', holder_id='quick_change', specimen_id=AU['specimen_id'])
+    if name == 'bench_loaded':
+        return R
+    inv('holder.insert_to_airlock', holder_id='quick_change')
+    if name in ('holder_entering', 'entering_unpowered'):
+        R.step(3.0)
+        if name == 'entering_unpowered':
+            inv('power.set', enabled=False)
+            R.step(0.5)
+        return R
+    R.step(12.0)
+    if name == 'airlock_vented':
+        return R
+    inv('airlock.set_pump', pump=True)
+    if name == 'airlock_pumping':
+        R.step(10.0)
+        return R
+    R.step(60.0)
+    if name == 'airlock_evacuated':
+        return R
+    if name == 'airlock_unpowered':
+        inv('power.set', enabled=False)
+        R.step(2.0)
+        return R
+    inv('holder.insert')
+    if name == 'turning_in':
+        R.step(0.5)
+        return R
+    R.step(5.0)
+    if name == 'column_dark':
+        return R
+    inv('filament.set_on', on=True)
+    if name == 'heating':
+        R.step(5.0)
+        return R
+    R.step(25.0)
+    inv('aperture.set_condenser', inserted=True)
+    inv('optics.set_brightness', value=0.52)
+    R.step(1.0)
+    if name == 'beam_screen':
+        return R
+    if name == 'cooling_error':
+        inv('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, cooling_water_m3_s=2.0 / 60000.0))
+        R.step(1.0)
+        return R
+    inv('screen.set', up=True)
+    R.step(1.0)
+    if name == 'beam_camera':
+        return R
+    tail = {
+        'imaging': [('image.acquire', dict(exposure_s=2.0, binning=1)), 0.5],
+        'stage_moving': [('stage.move_xy', dict(x_m=2e-4, y_m=-1e-4)), 0.3],
+        'tilting': [('stage.set_tilt', dict(tilt_rad=math.radians(10.0))), 0.5],
+        'diff': [('optics.toggle_diffraction', {}), 1.0],
+        'diffracting': [('optics.toggle_diffraction', {}), 1.0, ('diffraction.acquire', dict(exposure_s=2.0, binning=1)), 0.5],
+        'montage': [('optics.set_magnification', dict(magnification=5000.0)), ('montage.acquire', dict(rows=2, cols=2, overlap=0.1, exposure_s=0.3, binning=2)), 0.7],
+        'low_mag': [('optics.set_mode', dict(mode='LOW_MAG')), ('aperture.set_objective', dict(position=2)), 1.0],
+        'withdrawing': [('filament.set_on', dict(on=False)), ('holder.withdraw', {}), 0.5],
+        'airlock_back': [('filament.set_on', dict(on=False)), ('holder.withdraw', {}), 3.0],
+        'venting': [('filament.set_on', dict(on=False)), ('holder.withdraw', {}), 3.0, ('airlock.set_pump', dict(pump=False)), 0.3],
+        'far_from_eucentric': [('stage.set_z', dict(z_m=1.9e-4)), 25.0],
+        'screen_flipping': [('screen.set', dict(up=False)), 0.2],
+        'long_move': [('stage.move_xy', dict(x_m=8e-4, y_m=0.0)), 2.5],
+        'removing': [('filament.set_on', dict(on=False)), ('holder.withdraw', {}), 3.0, ('airlock.set_pump', dict(pump=False)), 10.0, ('holder.remove', {}), 2.0],
+        'removed': [('filament.set_on', dict(on=False)), ('holder.withdraw', {}), 3.0, ('airlock.set_pump', dict(pump=False)), 10.0, ('holder.remove', {}), 12.0],
+        'defocused': [('stage.set_z', dict(z_m=2e-5)), 3.0, ('optics.set_defocus', dict(defocus_m=3e-6)), ('optics.set_magnification', dict(magnification=200000.0)),
+                      1.0],
+        'power_off_in_column': [('power.set', dict(enabled=False)), 10.0],
+    }
+    if name in tail:
+        for item in tail[name]:
+            if isinstance(item, float):
+                R.step(item)
+            else:
+                inv(item[0], **item[1])
+        return R
+    if name == 'error_pending':
+        R.p_gun = 1e-3
+        R.step(1.0)
+        return R
+    if name in ('burned_out', 'burned_out_ht_off'):
+        R.fil_used_s = R.fil_life_s + 1.0
+        R.step(1.0)
+        if name == 'burned_out_ht_off':
+            inv('ht.set_on', on=False)
+            R.step(1.0)
+        return R
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'booting', 'ready', 'ht_ramping', 'ht_ready', 'bench_loaded', 'holder_entering', 'airlock_vented', 'airlock_pumping',
+             'airlock_evacuated', 'turning_in', 'column_dark', 'heating', 'beam_screen', 'beam_camera', 'imaging', 'stage_moving', 'tilting', 'diff',
+             'diffracting', 'montage', 'low_mag', 'withdrawing', 'airlock_back', 'removing', 'removed', 'defocused', 'error_pending', 'power_off_in_column',
+             'burned_out', 'burned_out_ht_off', 'power_cycled_off', 'entering_unpowered', 'airlock_unpowered', 'venting', 'far_from_eucentric', 'cooling_error',
+             'high_tilt_screen', 'sec_beam_screen', 'sec_moving', 'halite_diffracting', 'screen_flipping', 'long_move']
+STEP_DTS = (0.4, 1.0, 3.0, 15.0, 120.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    ex = copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS[cap]['example_arguments'])
+    extra = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, room_k=300.15), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=150.0), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, cooling_water_m3_s=1.0 / 60000.0)],
+        'specimen.provide': [dict(AU, specimen_id='new_one')],
+        'holder.load_grid': [dict(holder_id='high_tilt', specimen_id='stained_section'), dict(holder_id='quick_change', specimen_id='stained_section')],
+        'holder.unload_grid': [dict(holder_id='high_tilt')], 'holder.insert_to_airlock': [dict(holder_id='high_tilt')], 'airlock.set_pump': [dict(pump=False)],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=False)], 'ht.set_voltage': [dict(voltage_v=80000.0)], 'ht.set_on': [dict(on=False)], 'filament.set_on': [dict(on=False)],
+        'filament.set_bias': [dict(bias=20.0)], 'optics.set_mode': [dict(mode='LOW_MAG'), dict(mode='DIFF')],
+        'optics.set_magnification': [dict(magnification=300000.0), dict(magnification=100.0)], 'optics.set_camera_length': [dict(camera_length_m=2.0)],
+        'optics.set_magnification_step_fraction': [dict(fraction=0.9), dict(fraction=0.0)], 'optics.set_brightness': [dict(value=0.5), dict(value=1.0)],
+        'optics.set_spot_size': [dict(spot=5)], 'optics.set_defocus': [dict(defocus_m=-5e-6)], 'aperture.set_condenser': [dict(inserted=False)],
+        'aperture.set_objective': [dict(position=0), dict(position=4)], 'aperture.set_selected_area': [dict(position=0), dict(position=4)],
+        'screen.set': [dict(up=False)], 'stage.move_xy': [dict(x_m=-3e-4, y_m=2e-4)], 'stage.set_z': [dict(z_m=5e-5)],
+        'stage.set_tilt': [dict(tilt_rad=-math.radians(15.0))], 'image.acquire': [dict(exposure_s=0.1, binning=2)],
+        'diffraction.acquire': [dict(exposure_s=0.1, binning=2)], 'montage.acquire': [dict(rows=1, cols=2, overlap=0.2, exposure_s=0.1, binning=4)],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=2.0)],
+    }
+    return [ex] + extra.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _flat(v, pre=''):
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        out = {}
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{pre}/{k}'))
+        return out or {pre: '{}'}
+    if isinstance(v, list):
+        out = {}
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{pre}[{i}]'))
+        return out or {pre: '[]'}
+    return {pre: v}
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    """Relative comparison (no absolute floor: slots in A/m^2 or Pa change by less than 1e-9 in absolute terms)."""
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return a != b
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    """Does the step change the value differently with the call (v1 -> a2) than without it (v0 -> b2)?  (leaf-wise, numeric increments)"""
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _changed(x1, xa), _changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+class DeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_on_step_effects_cover_what_the_process_changes(self):
+        """For every capability accepted in any scenario state: the slots it changes at once are declared effects, the slots whose change during the
+        following step differs from an identical run without the call are declared on_step effects, and the step itself only changes slots declared
+        as on_step effects of sim.step (noise-free and noisy runs; both runs draw identical noise during the step)."""
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for noisy in (False, True):
+            for n, S in states.items():
+                for i, name in enumerate(('rng', 'rng_acq', 'rng_life', 'rng_mount', 'rng_af')):
+                    setattr(S, name, random.Random(7 + i) if noisy else QuietRng())
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if cap in rt.UNSUPPORTED or rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] in ('query', 'analysis'):
+                    continue
+                for sname, S in states.items():
+                    for args in _variants(cap):
+                        A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                        try:
+                            _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                        except rt.ActionRejected:
+                            continue
+                        v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                        if cap == 'sim.step':
+                            for k in v0:
+                                if _changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                    missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add(k)
+                            continue
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if json.dumps(v0[k], sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(v1[k], sort_keys=True, default=str) and _changed(v0[k], v1[k]) \
+                                    and k not in rt.EFFECTS[cap]:
+                                missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add(k)
+                        for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                            A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                            for name in ('rng', 'rng_acq', 'rng_life', 'rng_mount', 'rng_af'):
+                                setattr(A2, name, copy.deepcopy(getattr(B2, name)))
+                            A2.step(dt)
+                            B2.step(dt)
+                            a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                            for k in v0:
+                                if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                    missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add(k)
+                                if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                    missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add(k)
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        self.assertFalse([s for v in rt.ON_STEP.values() for s in v if rt.SLOTS[s]['origin'] == 'setpoint'])
+
+    def test_units_and_sampling(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        si = {'1', 's', 'm', 'rad', 'Pa', 'V', 'A', 'C', 'mol', 'K', 'J', 'm^2', '1/s', 'Pa*m^3/s', 'm^3', 'm^3/s', 'm/s', 'V/s', 'A/m^2', 'C/m^2', '1/m',
+              '1/m^2', 'ohm'}
+        units = {v['unit'] for v in meta['state_slots'].values()}
+        for mech in meta['mechanisms'].values():
+            units |= {p_['unit'] for p_ in mech['parameters'].values()}
+        self.assertEqual(units - si, set(), units - si)
+        h = camera(inserted())
+        h.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=1e-4, y_m=0.0)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        obs = h.session('e').read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertIsNone(obs['stage.x_indicated_m']['sample_window_s'])
+        self.assertGreater(obs['stage.x_indicated_m']['value'], 0.0)                         # continuous between the cycles
+        self.assertEqual(obs['vacuum.column_pressure_indicated_pa']['sample_window_s'], rt.CYCLE_S)
+        self.assertEqual(obs['vacuum.column_pressure_indicated_pa']['sample_time_s'], math.floor(h.time_s))
+        g0 = h.read()['vacuum.column_pressure_indicated_pa']
+        h.step(0.2)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['vacuum.column_pressure_indicated_pa'], g0)                 # held until the next cycle
+
+
+class ReviewRound1(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the findings F01-F20 of the first independent runtime review."""
+
+    def test_f01_records_do_not_name_the_specimen(self):
+        h = camera(inserted())
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        a = h.session('a')
+        op = a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(exposure_s=0.5, binning=1), request_id='f01')['operation_id']
+        h.step(2.0)
+        img = a.poll(op)['result']
+        self.assertEqual(img['template_source'], dict(library=rt.LIBRARY_REL, substances=[]))
+        r = a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='provenance.read', arguments={}, request_id='f01p')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+
+    def test_f02_indistinguishable_classes_form_one_region(self):
+        h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('thin', [], t_support=2e-10, holes=0.5)))      # 0.2 nm carbon over 50 % holes: invisible
+        img = acquire_image(h, exposure=0.2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(img['regions']), 1, img['regions'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(img['regions'][0]['area_fraction_in_view'], 1.0, places=9)
+        h2 = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('thick', [], t_support=5e-8, holes=0.5)))     # 50 nm carbon over holes: two regions
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(acquire_image(h2, exposure=0.5)['regions']), 2)
+
+    def test_f03_coherence_envelope_removes_fringes_and_thon_rings(self):
+        c = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('c', [], t_support=2e-8)), mag=150000.0, ol=0)
+        c.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.5)                           # crossover: 2 mrad convergence
+        c.invoke('optics.set_defocus', defocus_m=2e-5)
+        self.assertEqual(acquire_image(c, exposure=1.0)['thon_ring_frequencies_per_m'], [])
+        lam = rt.wavelength_m(120000.0)
+        self.assertLess(rt.spatial_envelope(1.0 / math.sqrt(lam * 2e-5), 2e-5, 120000.0, 2e-3), 1e-100)
+        self.assertGreater(rt.spatial_envelope(1.0 / math.sqrt(lam * 2e-6), 2e-6, 120000.0, 1e-5), 0.99)
+
+    def test_f04_uranyl_stain_keeps_its_uranium(self):
+        dmg = rt.substance(rt.STAIN_ID)['damage']
+        w_u = rt.substance(rt.STAIN_ID)['composition_mass_fraction']['U']
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(dmg['residual_fraction'], w_u)
+        self.assertEqual(dmg['evidence'], 'assumption')
+        v, a = 120000.0, 7.5e-3
+        full = rt.mu_damaged(rt.STAIN_ID, v, a, dmg['residual_fraction'])
+        rho = rt.substance(rt.STAIN_ID)['density_g_cm3'] * 1000.0
+        mu_u = rho * w_u / (rt.element('U')['molar_mass_g_mol'] * 1e-3) * rt.N_AVOGADRO * rt.sigma_el_outside(92, v, a)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(float(full), mu_u)                              # the stain never scatters less than its uranium
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(rt.mu_damaged(rt.STAIN_ID, v, a, 1.0)), rt.mu_el_outside(rt.STAIN_ID, v, a), places=6)
+
+    def test_f06_tilt_does_not_reduce_the_damage(self):
+        out = []
+        for tilt in (0.0, 60.0):
+            h = inserted(specimen=grid('fv', [], support='formvar', t_support=5e-8), holder='high_tilt')
+            h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(tilt))
+            h.step(35.0)
+            h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.51)
+            f0 = h.read('evaluator')['truth.view_center_dose_c_m2']
+            h.step(20.0)
+            out.append(h.read('evaluator')['truth.view_center_dose_c_m2'] - f0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out[1] / out[0], 1.0, delta=0.01)                 # fluence through each molecule, not the plane dose
+
+    def test_f07_long_beam_on_step_is_fast(self):
+        import time
+        h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('hap', [phase('hydroxyapatite', form='film', size=2e-8, t=4e-8, cov=1.0, cryst='single_crystal')])))
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.52)
+        t0 = time.perf_counter()
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertLess(time.perf_counter() - t0, 60.0)
+
+    def test_f08_holder_arrival_is_exact_for_any_chopping(self):
+        runs = []
+        for chop in (30.0, 0.1, 0.7):
+            h = inserted(beam=False)
+            h.invoke('filament.set_on', on=False)
+            h.invoke('stage.neutral')
+            h.step(20.0)
+            h.invoke('holder.withdraw')
+            h.step(3.0)
+            h.invoke('holder.insert')
+            t_ins = h.time_s
+            left = 30.0
+            while left > 1e-9:
+                d = min(chop, left)
+                h.step(d)
+                left -= d
+            ev = [e for e in h.events if e['code'] == 'HOLDER_IN_COLUMN'][-1]
+            runs.append((ev['time_s'] - t_ins, h.p_col, h.p_gun))
+        for r in runs[1:]:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(r[0], runs[0][0], places=9)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(r[1] / runs[0][1], 1.0, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(runs[0][0], rt.HOLDER_STROKE_M['airlock'] / rt.HOLDER_SPEED_M_S, places=9)
+
+    def test_f09_thon_zeros_include_the_chi_zero_root(self):
+        v, dz = 120000.0, 20e-9
+        lam = rt.wavelength_m(v)
+        k0 = math.sqrt(2.0 * dz / (rt.CS_M * lam * lam))
+        zeros = rt.thon_zeros(dz, v, 3.2e9, 8)
+        self.assertTrue(any(abs(k - k0) < 1e3 for k in zeros), (zeros, k0))
+
+    def test_f10_rejected_auto_focus_changes_nothing_later(self):
+        a, b = camera(inserted()), camera(inserted())
+        for h in (a, b):
+            h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_m=1.9e-4)
+            h.step(25.0)
+        self.assertEqual(a.read(), b.read())
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            a.invoke('optics.auto_focus')
+        a.step(5.0)
+        b.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(a.read(), b.read())
+
+    def test_f11_integer_valued_floats_are_accepted(self):
+        h = camera(inserted(), mag=5000.0)
+        out = h.invoke('montage.acquire', rows=2.0, cols=2, overlap=0.1, exposure_s=0.2, binning=2.0)
+        self.assertIn('operation_id', out)
+        self.assertIsInstance(h.acq['rows'], int)
+
+    def test_f12_aperture_sinks_in_the_charge_ledger(self):
+        h = inserted(specimen=None)                                           # holder without a grid
+        h.invoke('aperture.set_objective', position=2)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_mode', mode='LOW_MAG')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(led['grid_stopped_charge_c'], 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(led['objective_aperture_stopped_charge_c'], 0.0)
+        g = camera(inserted(), ol=0)
+        g.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.7)
+        g.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        g.invoke('aperture.set_selected_area', position=4)
+        l0 = g.ledger()
+        g.step(10.0)
+        l1 = g.ledger()
+        det = l1['detector_charge_c'] - l0['detector_charge_c']
+        sa = l1['selected_area_aperture_stopped_charge_c'] - l0['selected_area_aperture_stopped_charge_c']
+        self.assertGreater(sa, 100.0 * det)                                   # a 0.33 um area of an 80 um beam
+        self.assertLess(abs(l1['charge_residual_c']), 1e-9 * l1['beam_charge_c'])
+
+    def test_f13_agent_outputs_are_estimates(self):
+        h = camera(inserted())
+        self.assertEqual(set(h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.53)), {'value'})
+        h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=0.1750565)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        img = acquire_image(h, exposure=0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(img['tilt_rad'], h.read()['stage.tilt_indicated_rad'])
+        self.assertNotEqual(img['dose_estimate_e_per_m2'], h._current_density() * 0.5 / rt.E_CHARGE)
+
+    def test_f16_dose_follows_the_stage_path_continuously(self):
+        h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('fv', [], support='formvar', t_support=2e-8)))
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.505)
+        x0, y0 = h.stage['x'], h.stage['y']
+        xs = x0 + np.linspace(1e-5, 9e-5, 33)
+        f0 = rt.dose_at(h._spec(), xs, np.full(len(xs), y0))[0]              # earlier exposures (the spread beam while the filament heated)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=x0 + 1e-4, y_m=y0)
+        h.step(3.0)
+        d = rt.dose_at(h._spec(), xs, np.full(len(xs), y0))[0] - f0
+        J, r = h._current_density(), h._illum_d() / 2.0
+        self.assertTrue(np.all(np.abs(d / (J * 2.0 * r / rt.STAGE_XY_SPEED) - 1.0) < 0.02), d / (J * 2.0 * r / rt.STAGE_XY_SPEED))
+
+    def test_f17_central_disc_saturation(self):
+        h = inserted(specimen=None)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.5)
+        h.invoke('screen.set', up=True)
+        h.invoke('optics.toggle_diffraction')
+        h.invoke('optics.set_camera_length', camera_length_m=3.0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        p = acquire_pattern(h, exposure=0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(p['central_beam_saturated'])
+
+    def test_f18_spheres_and_grid_bars_under_tilt(self):
+        h = inserted(holder='high_tilt')
+        spec = copy.deepcopy(h._spec())
+        p = spec['phases'][0]
+        U = np.linspace(0.0, 2e-6, 400)
+        V = np.linspace(0.0, 2e-6, 400)
+        UU, VV = np.meshgrid(U, V)
+        mean_t = []
+        for tilt in (0.0, math.radians(60.0)):
+            _, _, _, _, tl = rt._particle_at(UU.ravel(), VV.ravel() / math.cos(tilt), p, rt._phase_seed(spec, 0), tilt)
+            mean_t.append(float(np.mean(tl[tl > 0])))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(mean_t[1] / mean_t[0], 1.0, delta=0.05)          # a sphere looks the same at any tilt
+        spec['_mount'] = dict(h=0.0, phi=0.0, off_a=0.0, off_b=0.0)
+        spec['phases'] = []
+        g = np.linspace(-5e-4, 5e-4, 801)
+        GU, GV = np.meshgrid(g, g)
+        opens = []
+        for tilt in (0.0, math.radians(60.0)):
+            o = rt.sample_specimen(spec, GU.ravel(), GV.ravel() / math.cos(tilt), 1.25e-6, 120000.0, 0.06, tilt)
+            opens.append(float(np.mean(o['open'])))
+        mesh = rt.GRID_MESH[200]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(opens[0], (1 - mesh['bar'] / mesh['pitch']) ** 2, delta=0.01)
+        w60 = mesh['bar'] + rt.GRID_THICKNESS_M * math.tan(math.radians(60.0))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(opens[1], (1 - mesh['bar'] / mesh['pitch']) * (1 - w60 / mesh['pitch']), delta=0.01)
+
+    def test_f19_unpowered_labels(self):
+        h = camera(inserted())
+        h.invoke('screen.set', up=False)
+        h.step(0.2)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['screen.moving'])
+        g = ready()
+        g.invoke('specimen.provide', **AU)
+        g.invoke('holder.load_grid', holder_id='quick_change', specimen_id=AU['specimen_id'])
+        g.invoke('holder.insert_to_airlock', holder_id='quick_change')
+        g.step(12.0)
+        g.invoke('airlock.set_pump', pump=True)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        g.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        r = g.read()
+        self.assertEqual((r['airlock.state'], r['panel.airlock_lamp'], r['airlock.pressure_indicated_pa']), ('idle', False, None))
+
+    def test_f20_mirrored_states_need_the_host(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        self.assertEqual(meta['capabilities']['screen.set']['model_effects']['mode'], 'host_required')
+        self.assertEqual(meta['capabilities']['camera.auto_exposure']['model_effects']['mode'], 'none')
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            me = c['model_effects']
+            if me['mode'] == 'none':
+                self.assertNotIn('绑定', me['description_zh'], k)
+
+
+class ReviewRound2(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the second independent runtime review (F07 revisited, F21-F23)."""
+
+    def test_f07_hydroxyapatite_and_many_dose_events_stay_fast(self):
+        import time
+        h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('hap', [phase('hydroxyapatite', form='film', size=2e-8, t=4e-8, cov=1.0, cryst='single_crystal')])))
+        h.invoke('screen.set', up=False)                                       # the screen reading needs the view fractions every cycle
+        t0 = time.perf_counter()
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertLess(time.perf_counter() - t0, 60.0)
+        g = inserted(specimen=grid('sec', [phase('epoxy_resin', form='section', size=1e-6, t=7e-8, cov=0.8, cryst='amorphous', stain=0.1)],
+                                   support='formvar', t_support=2e-8, mesh='300'))
+        x0, y0 = g.stage['x'], g.stage['y']
+        for i in range(300):                                                   # 600 overlapping dose events around the view
+            g.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=x0 + (3e-6 if i % 2 else -3e-6), y_m=y0 + 1e-8 * i)
+            g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertGreater(len(g._spec()['_dose']), 300)
+        t0 = time.perf_counter()
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertLess(time.perf_counter() - t0, 60.0)
+
+    def test_f21_dose_events_do_not_depend_on_the_host_step(self):
+        out = []
+        for chop in (1.0, 0.001):
+            h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('fv', [], support='formvar', t_support=2e-8), holder='high_tilt'))
+            h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.51)
+            n0 = len(h._spec()['_dose'])
+            h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(20.0))
+            left = 12.0
+            while left > 1e-9:
+                d = min(chop, left)
+                h.step(d)
+                left -= d
+            cu, cv, _, _ = h._geometry()
+            out.append((len(h._spec()['_dose']) - n0, h.read('evaluator')['truth.view_center_dose_c_m2']))
+        self.assertEqual(out[0][0], out[1][0])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out[1][1] / out[0][1], 1.0, delta=1e-4)
+        sweep = []
+        for chop in (1.0, 1.0 / 60.0):
+            h = inserted()
+            h.invoke('optics.set_mode', mode='LOW_MAG')
+            n0 = len(h._spec()['_dose'])
+            h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=h.stage['x'] + 8e-4, y_m=h.stage['y'])
+            left = 17.0
+            while left > 1e-9:
+                d = min(chop, left)
+                h.step(d)
+                left -= d
+            sweep.append(len(h._spec()['_dose']) - n0)
+        self.assertEqual(sweep[0], sweep[1])
+        self.assertLessEqual(sweep[1], 3)                                      # one swept run (+ the stays before and after)
+
+    def test_f21_tilt_ramp_at_a_height_offset_is_chopping_independent(self):
+        tracks = []
+        for chop in (1.0, 0.01):
+            h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('fv', [], support='formvar', t_support=2e-8), holder='high_tilt'))
+            h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.505)
+            h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_m=2e-4)
+            h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(60.0))
+            h.step(50.0)
+            f0 = None
+            ts = np.radians(np.arange(60.25, 70.0, 0.5))
+            hh = h._spec()['_mount']['h'] + h.stage['z']
+            vs = h.stage['y'] + hh * np.tan(ts)
+            us = np.full(len(ts), h.stage['x'])
+            f0 = rt.dose_at(h._spec(), us, vs)[0]
+            h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(70.0))
+            left = 6.0
+            while left > 1e-9:
+                d = min(chop, left)
+                h.step(d)
+                left -= d
+            tracks.append(rt.dose_at(h._spec(), us, vs)[0] - f0)
+        self.assertTrue(np.all(np.abs(tracks[1] / tracks[0] - 1.0) < 1e-3), tracks[1] / tracks[0])
+
+    def test_f26_out_and_back_within_a_cycle_doses_both_passes(self):
+        h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('fv', [], support='formvar', t_support=2e-8)))
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.505)
+        h.step(1.0 - (h.time_s % 1.0))                                         # start at a cycle boundary
+        x0, y0 = h.stage['x'], h.stage['y']
+        xs = x0 + np.array([-15e-6, -10e-6, 7.5e-6, 10e-6])
+        f0 = rt.dose_at(h._spec(), xs, np.full(len(xs), y0))[0]
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=x0 + 20e-6, y_m=y0)                     # out 20 um (0.4 s) ...
+        for _ in range(40):
+            h.step(0.01)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=x0 - 20e-6, y_m=y0)                     # ... and back past the start, inside the same cycle
+        h.step(2.0)                                                            # past the next cycle end (the dose is deposited per cycle)
+        d = rt.dose_at(h._spec(), xs, np.full(len(xs), y0))[0] - f0
+        one = h._current_density() * 2.0 * (h._illum_d() / 2.0) / rt.STAGE_XY_SPEED
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(d / one, [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0], rtol=0.02), d / one)   # the excursion is crossed twice
+
+    def test_f22_regions_follow_the_observable_layers(self):
+        films = [phase('polystyrene', form='film', size=1e-6, t=5e-8, cov=0.6, cryst='amorphous'),
+                 phase('polystyrene', form='film', size=1e-6, t=5e-8, cov=0.6, cryst='amorphous')]
+        h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('twin', films, t_support=1e-9, holes=0.0)), mag=3000.0)
+        img = acquire_image(h, exposure=2.0)
+        counts = sorted(r['mean_counts'] for r in img['regions'])
+        self.assertLessEqual(len(img['regions']), 3, img['regions'])          # support-only, one layer (either film), two layers
+        spec = h._spec()
+        U = np.linspace(0, 20e-6, 200)
+        UU, VV = np.meshgrid(U, U)
+        o = rt.sample_specimen(spec, UU.ravel(), VV.ravel(), 1e-7, 120000.0, h._alpha(), 0.0)
+        both = np.mean(o['label'] == 1 + 0b10011)
+        self.assertGreater(both, 0.2)                                           # the overlap is its own class
+
+    def test_f23_no_fringes_beyond_the_axial_information_limit(self):
+        h = camera(inserted(specimen=grid('auz', [phase('gold', zone=[1, 1, 0])])), mag=1.5e6, ol=0)
+        h.invoke('optics.set_brightness', value=0.505)
+        h.invoke('optics.auto_focus')
+        img = acquire_image(h, exposure=0.5)
+        d = {x for r in img['regions'] for x in r['lattice_spacings_m']}
+        lam = rt.wavelength_m(120000.0)
+        self.assertTrue(all(math.exp(-0.5 * (math.pi * lam * rt.focus_spread_m(120000.0)) ** 2 / x ** 4) > 0.05 for x in d), d)
+        self.assertNotIn(round(0.144e-9, 12), {round(x, 12) for x in d})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_jeol_jsmit200.py b/tests/test_asset_jeol_jsmit200.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..295c4f76f02197d6a70d79947728061d5aeb6c0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_jeol_jsmit200.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1224 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-151 jeol_jsmit200: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_jeol_jsmit200.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two
+instances are isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (charge, gas), real return values validated against the declared
+schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation remnants, host-step independence; plus the
+instrument behaviour documented by JEOL and the facility guides (start-up, draw-out exchange, EVAC within minutes and the 10-min limit,
+VENT with the stage returning to the exchange position, LV 10-100 Pa with the BED only, probe sizes reproducing the catalogue resolutions,
+kV and probe-current ranges, magnification on the 128 mm print, SE/BSE contrast, charging of uncoated insulators, EDS resolution
+<= 130 eV at Mn Ka, Duane-Hunt limit, count rates, standardless quantification and automatic identification, stage strokes and
+collision limits, filament life, mains tolerance).
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "scripts"))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts"))
+from asset_runtime import jeol_jsmit200 as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+OUT = ROOT / 'outputs/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/jeol_jsmit200'
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE = [], {}
+_META = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_jeol_jsmit200_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.JeolJsmit200Runtime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (read does not advance time)."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.time_ns
+    out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.time_ns == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if after[k] != before[k]} - set(rt.CAPS[capability_id]['effects'])
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.JeolJsmit200Runtime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+FE_SI = rt.SPECIMEN_EXAMPLE
+
+
+def spec(sid, sub, coating='none', thick=0.0, wet=False, topo='flat_polished', height=0.005, diameter=0.012, grain=2e-5):
+    return dict(specimen_id=sid, phases=[dict(substance_id=sub, area_fraction=1.0, grain_size_m=grain)], diameter_m=diameter, height_m=height,
+                topography=topo, coating=coating, coating_thickness_m=thick, wet=wet)
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.JeolJsmit200Runtime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, specimen=FE_SI, wd=0.010, evacuate=True, lv=False, **plant):
+    """Powered, specimen loaded at the requested working distance, door closed and (optionally) evacuated."""
+    h = configured(seed, **plant)
+    if specimen:
+        h.invoke('specimen.provide', **specimen)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(rt.SOFTWARE_BOOT_S + 1.0)
+    if specimen:
+        h.invoke('chamber.draw_out')
+        h.step(3.0)
+        h.invoke('specimen.load', specimen_id=specimen['specimen_id'])
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=rt.WD_RANGE_M[1] - wd - specimen['height_m'])
+        h.step(30.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.draw_in')
+        h.step(3.0)
+    if lv:
+        h.invoke('vacuum.toggle_lv')
+    if evacuate:
+        h.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')
+        h.step(240.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def observing(h, kv=15000.0, ip=1e-10, det='BED_COMPO', mag=1000.0):
+    h.invoke('beam.set_voltage', voltage_v=kv)
+    h.invoke('beam.set_probe_current', current_a=ip)
+    h.invoke('beam.observation_on')
+    h.step(rt.SATURATION_S + 1.0)
+    h.invoke('detector.select', detector=det)
+    h.invoke('scan.set_magnification', magnification=mag)
+    h.invoke('optics.autofocus')
+    h.invoke('optics.auto_stigmate')
+    h.invoke('optics.auto_contrast_brightness')
+    return h
+
+
+def acquire_image(h, pixels='320x240', dwell=1e-5):
+    op = h.invoke('image.acquire', pixels=pixels, dwell_s=dwell)['operation_id']
+    h.step(h.operations[op]['duration'] + 1.0)
+    return h.images[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+
+
+def acquire_eds(h, mode='point', live=20.0, pt='T3'):
+    op = h.invoke('eds.acquire', mode=mode, live_time_s=live, process_time=pt)['operation_id']
+    h.step(h.operations[op]['duration'] + 1.0)
+    return h.spectra[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+
+
+def rejected(h, cap, code, **a):
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    rev = h.revision
+    try:
+        h.invoke(cap, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        assert str(exc) == code, (cap, str(exc), code)
+        assert h.read('evaluator') == before, cap
+        assert h.revision == rev, cap
+        return True
+    raise AssertionError(f'{cap} was not rejected (expected {code})')
+
+
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.jeol_jsmit200')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-151')
+
+    def test_schemas_lint_and_examples_validate(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']), [], k)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema']), [], k)
+            if c['availability'] == 'implemented':
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+
+    def test_metadata_references_are_consistent(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for p in c['preconditions']:
+                for x in p['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertIn(e['code'], rt.ERROR_ZH, k)
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.EFFECTS) | set(rt.UNSUPPORTED), set(rt.CAPS))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities_report_unsupported(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'unsupported', k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_and_describe_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = ready(evacuate=False)
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        t, rev = h.time_ns, h.revision
+        h.read('evaluator')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertEqual((h.time_ns, h.revision), (t, rev))
+
+    def test_step_zero_and_negative(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.step(0.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.step(-1.0)
+
+    def test_host_step_chopping_does_not_change_the_result(self):
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = ready(seed=5, evacuate=False)
+            h.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')
+            for dt in chunks:
+                h.step(dt)
+            return h.read('evaluator')
+        a = run([150.0])
+        b = run([0.37] * 405 + [0.15])
+        for k in ('truth.chamber_pressure_pa', 'vacuum.state', 'vacuum.chamber_pressure_indicated_pa', 'truth.tmp_speed_fraction'):
+            if isinstance(a[k], float):
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(a[k], b[k], delta=1e-6 * max(abs(a[k]), 1e-12), msg=k)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(a[k], b[k], k)
+
+    def test_set_points_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = ready(evacuate=False)
+        z0 = h.stage['z']
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.stage['z'], z0)                      # target only; the hand moves the stage during step
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(z0 - h.stage['z'], rt.STAGE_Z_SPEED_M_S * 1.0, places=9)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_lv_pressure', pressure_pa=80.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.lv_set, 80.0)
+        p = h.p_ch
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.chamber_pressure_pa'], p)
+
+
+class VacuumAndPanel(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_start_up_exchange_and_evacuation_time(self):
+        h = ready(evacuate=False, vent_gas='room_air', relative_humidity=0.5)
+        r = h.read()
+        self.assertEqual((r['vacuum.state'], r['panel.vent_lamp_mode'], r['panel.evac_lamp_mode']), ('vented', 'on', 'off'))
+        h.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.evac_lamp_mode'], 'blinking')
+        t = 0
+        while h.vac_state != 'hv_ready' and t < 600:
+            h.step(1.0)
+            t += 1
+        self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'hv_ready')
+        self.assertLess(t, 180)                                  # "a few minutes" (JSM-IT300 manual), well inside the 10-min limit
+        self.assertGreater(t, 60)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.evac_lamp_mode'], 'on')
+        self.assertLess(h.read()['vacuum.gun_pressure_indicated_pa'], 1e-2)
+
+    def test_door_not_closed_times_out_after_ten_minutes(self):
+        h = ready(evacuate=False)
+        h.invoke('chamber.draw_out')
+        h.step(3.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')
+        h.step(rt.EVAC_LIMIT_S - 5)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.error)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'EVAC_TIMEOUT')
+        self.assertGreater(h.p_ch, 1e4)
+        rejected(h, 'beam.observation_on', 'ERROR_PENDING')
+
+    def test_vent_returns_xy_and_lamps(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.01, y_m=-0.005)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['x'], 0.01, places=9)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.vent')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.vent_lamp_mode'], 'blinking')
+        h.step(150.0)
+        r = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r['vacuum.state'], 'vented')
+        self.assertEqual((r['stage.x_m'], r['stage.y_m']), (0.0, 0.0))
+        self.assertEqual(r['panel.vent_lamp_mode'], 'on')
+        self.assertGreater(r['truth.chamber_pressure_pa'], rt.VENT_READY_PA)
+
+    def test_blinking_lamp_alternates(self):
+        h = ready(evacuate=False)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')
+        seen = set()
+        for _ in range(4):
+            h.step(0.5)
+            seen.add(h.read()['panel.evac_lamp'])
+        self.assertEqual(seen, {True, False})
+
+    def test_low_vacuum_regulates_and_keeps_the_gun_in_high_vacuum(self):
+        for p_set in (10.0, 100.0):
+            h = ready(lv=True, evacuate=False)
+            h.invoke('vacuum.set_lv_pressure', pressure_pa=p_set)
+            h.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')
+            h.step(400.0)
+            r = h.read('evaluator')
+            self.assertEqual(r['vacuum.state'], 'lv_ready', p_set)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(r['vacuum.lv_pressure_indicated_pa'] / p_set, 1.0, delta=0.06)
+            self.assertLess(r['truth.gun_pressure_pa'], rt.HV_READY_PA)
+            self.assertTrue(r['panel.lv_lamp'])
+            rejected(h, 'detector.select', 'DETECTOR_NOT_AVAILABLE', detector='SED')
+
+    def test_wet_specimen_needs_low_vacuum(self):
+        wet = spec('leaf', 'tissue_soft', wet=True, topo='rough_fracture', height=0.002)
+        h = ready(specimen=wet)
+        h.step(rt.EVAC_LIMIT_S)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'EVAC_TIMEOUT')
+        h.invoke('error.acknowledge')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.toggle_lv')
+        h.step(200.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'lv_ready')
+
+    def test_power_cycle_and_mains(self):
+        h = configured(mains_voltage_v=85.0)
+        rejected(h, 'power.set', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE', enabled=True)
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('power.key_toggle')
+        self.assertFalse(h.power)
+        self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'idle')
+        self.assertTrue(any(e['code'] == 'UNSAFE_POWER_OFF' for e in h.events))
+        p = h.p_ch
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.p_ch, p)                            # slowly leaking up without pumps
+        h.invoke('power.key_toggle')
+        self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'roughing')                # start-up pumping of a chamber left under vacuum
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=120.0))
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.power)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'MAINS_FAULT')
+
+    def test_shutdown_then_key_off_is_clean(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('system.shutdown')
+        rejected(h, 'vacuum.vent', 'NOT_READY')
+        n = len(h.events)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['code'] == 'UNSAFE_POWER_OFF' for e in h.events[n:]))
+
+
+class StageDoorSpecimen(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_draw_out_needs_vent_and_draw_in_needs_clearance(self):
+        h = ready()
+        rejected(h, 'chamber.draw_out', 'CHAMBER_UNDER_VACUUM')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.vent')
+        h.step(150.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.draw_out')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['chamber.door_state'], 'moving')
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['chamber.door_position_m'], rt.DOOR_TRAVEL_M)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.0)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        h.invoke('specimen.unload')
+        h.invoke('specimen.provide', **spec('tall', 'aluminium', height=0.046))
+        h.invoke('specimen.load', specimen_id='tall')
+        rejected(h, 'chamber.draw_in', 'STAGE_COLLISION_RISK')                  # 46 mm high: top 2 mm under the pole piece even at Z 0
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.01)                                  # drawn out: no pole piece above the stage
+        h.step(6.0)
+        rejected(h, 'chamber.draw_in', 'STAGE_COLLISION_RISK')
+
+    def test_specimen_limits_and_bookkeeping(self):
+        h = configured()
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'SPECIMEN_TOO_LARGE', **spec('big', 'iron', diameter=0.16))
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'SPECIMEN_TOO_LARGE', **spec('high', 'iron', height=0.05))
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'UNKNOWN_SUBSTANCE', **spec('x', 'unobtainium'))
+        bad = spec('frac', 'iron')
+        bad['phases'][0]['area_fraction'] = 0.8
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'AREA_FRACTIONS_INVALID', **bad)
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.provide', 'COATING_INVALID', **spec('c', 'iron', coating='gold', thick=0.0))
+        h.invoke('specimen.provide', **FE_SI)
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.load', 'DOOR_NOT_OPEN', specimen_id=FE_SI['specimen_id'])
+
+    def test_stage_moves_at_its_speeds_and_tilt_limit(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.03, y_m=0.0)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['x'], rt.STAGE_XY_SPEED_M_S * 5.0, places=9)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['stage.moving'])
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['x'], 0.03, places=12)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        h.step(12.0)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.set_tilt', 'STAGE_COLLISION_RISK', tilt_rad=math.radians(80.0))   # WD 10 mm, 12 mm specimen
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.0)
+        h.step(25.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(30.0))
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['tilt'], math.radians(30.0), places=12)
+        # tilt about the holder top: the beam meets the 5 mm high top face h tan t from its centre, WD = 48 mm - z - h / cos t
+        u, v, on = h._beam_point()
+        self.assertTrue(on)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(math.hypot(u, v), 0.005 * math.tan(math.radians(30.0)), places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._wd_true(), 0.048 - 0.0 - 0.005 / math.cos(math.radians(30.0)), places=12)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(60.0))
+        h.step(5.0)
+        # at 60 deg the hit point (8.7 mm from the centre) is beyond the 6 mm radius: the beam lands on the holder plane
+        self.assertFalse(h._beam_point()[2])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._wd_true(), 0.048, places=12)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.05, y_m=0.0)
+
+
+class OpticsAndImaging(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_probe_model_reproduces_the_catalogue_resolutions(self):
+        fit = json.loads((OUT / 'optics_fit.json').read_text())
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fit['fitted']['c_s'], rt.C_S_COEF, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fit['fitted']['c_c'], rt.C_C_COEF, places=12)
+        for v, d, wd in ((30000.0, 3.0e-9, 0.008), (3000.0, 8.0e-9, 0.006), (1000.0, 15.0e-9, 0.006)):
+            dp, a = rt.probe(v, 3e-12, wd)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.K_RES * dp / d, 1.0, delta=0.05)
+        # more current, bigger probe; longer WD, bigger probe
+        self.assertGreater(rt.probe(15000.0, 1e-9, 0.01)[0], rt.probe(15000.0, 1e-11, 0.01)[0])
+        self.assertGreater(rt.probe(15000.0, 1e-10, 0.04)[0], rt.probe(15000.0, 1e-10, 0.008)[0])
+
+    def test_voltage_steps_and_ranges(self):
+        h = ready(evacuate=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('beam.set_voltage', voltage_v=2345.0)['voltage_v'], 2300.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('beam.set_voltage', voltage_v=12345.0)['voltage_v'], 12000.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('beam.set_voltage', voltage_v=400.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('beam.set_probe_current', current_a=5e-7)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('scan.set_magnification', magnification=1000.0)['field_width_m'], 128e-6, places=12)
+        rejected(h, 'beam.observation_on', 'VACUUM_NOT_READY')
+
+    def test_bse_composition_contrast_follows_atomic_number(self):
+        mix = dict(FE_SI, specimen_id='au_c', phases=[dict(substance_id='gold', area_fraction=0.5, grain_size_m=2e-5),
+                                                      dict(substance_id='carbon_graphite', area_fraction=0.5, grain_size_m=2e-5)])
+        h = observing(ready(specimen=mix))
+        img = acquire_image(h)
+        self.assertEqual(img['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual([r['region_id'] for r in img['regions']], ['region_1', 'region_2'])   # grey-level regions, no phase names
+        r1, r2 = img['regions']
+        self.assertGreater(r1['mean_grey'], r2['mean_grey'] + 100)
+        self.assertNotIn('signal_per_electron', r1)
+        fr = h._frame_signals(dwell=1e-5, nx=320, ny=240, noise=False)            # evaluator-side truth behind the regions
+        y = {r['substance_id']: r for r in fr['regions']}
+        self.assertGreater(y['gold']['y'], 3 * y['carbon_graphite']['y'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r1['area_fraction_in_view'], y['gold']['fraction'], places=12)   # the bright region is the gold phase
+        self.assertEqual(img['template_source'], dict(library=rt.LIBRARY_REL, substances=[]))
+        self.assertEqual(len(img['thumbnail']), rt.THUMB_H)
+        self.assertTrue(all(len(row) == rt.THUMB_W for row in img['thumbnail']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(img['field_of_view_m'][0], 128e-6, places=12)
+        self.assertEqual(img['template_source']['library'], rt.LIBRARY_REL)
+
+    def test_noise_falls_with_dwell_and_current(self):
+        h = observing(ready())
+        a = {r['region_id']: r['snr'] for r in acquire_image(h, dwell=1e-6)['regions']}
+        b = {r['region_id']: r['snr'] for r in acquire_image(h, dwell=1e-4)['regions']}
+        self.assertEqual(set(a), set(b))
+        for k in a:
+            self.assertGreater(b[k], 5 * a[k])
+
+    def test_defocus_blurs_and_autofocus_recovers(self):
+        h = observing(ready(), mag=20000.0)
+        r0 = acquire_image(h, pixels='1280x960')['effective_resolution_m']
+        h.invoke('optics.set_focus', focus_wd_m=0.013)
+        r1 = acquire_image(h, pixels='1280x960')['effective_resolution_m']
+        self.assertGreater(r1, 3 * r0)
+        h.invoke('optics.autofocus')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.focus_wd, h._wd_true(), delta=2e-5)
+
+    def test_charging_of_uncoated_insulators_in_high_vacuum_only(self):
+        q = spec('quartz', 'quartz', topo='particles', height=0.003, grain=5e-5)
+        h = observing(ready(specimen=q), det='SED', ip=1e-9)
+        img = acquire_image(h)
+        self.assertTrue(img['charging_artifacts'])
+        sp = acquire_eds(h)
+        u, v, on = h._beam_point()
+        sub, th, az, k = h._phase_sub(h._spec(), u, v)
+        land = h._landing_ev(sub, h._spec(), k)                                  # truth: E0 minus the potential of that phase
+        self.assertLess(land, 0.5 * 15000.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(sp['duane_hunt_limit_ev'] - land), 500.0)           # the agent sees the charging only through the Duane-Hunt limit
+        self.assertEqual(max(i for i, c in enumerate(sp['counts']) if c > 0) * rt.EDS_CHANNEL_EV <= sp['duane_hunt_limit_ev'] + 300.0, True)
+        # the pre-charged surface (about 11 kV) mirrors a 1 kV beam; a fresh specimen at 1 kV (below E2) does not charge
+        h.invoke('beam.set_voltage', voltage_v=1000.0)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        h.invoke('optics.auto_contrast_brightness')
+        self.assertTrue(acquire_image(h)['charging_artifacts'])
+        h3 = observing(ready(specimen=q), kv=1000.0, det='SED')
+        self.assertFalse(acquire_image(h3)['charging_artifacts'])
+        self.assertEqual(h3.v_surface.get(0, 0.0), 0.0)
+        # carbon coating or low vacuum: no charging
+        for kw in (dict(specimen=spec('qc', 'quartz', coating='carbon', thick=2e-8, height=0.003)), dict(specimen=q, lv=True)):
+            h2 = observing(ready(**kw), det='BED_COMPO')
+            self.assertFalse(acquire_image(h2)['charging_artifacts'])
+            self.assertLess(abs(acquire_eds(h2, live=60.0)['duane_hunt_limit_ev'] - 15000.0), 600.0)
+            self.assertEqual(h2.v_surface, {})
+
+    def test_sed_rejected_in_lv_and_image_needs_beam(self):
+        h = ready(lv=True)
+        rejected(h, 'image.acquire', 'BEAM_NOT_READY', pixels='320x240', dwell_s=1e-5)
+        h.invoke('beam.observation_on')
+        h.step(rt.SATURATION_S + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(h.detector, 'BED_COMPO')
+        rejected(h, 'detector.select', 'DETECTOR_NOT_AVAILABLE', detector='SED')
+
+
+class EdsPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.psi, self.omega = rt.eds_geometry(0.010, 0.0)
+
+    def test_resolution_meets_the_catalogue(self):
+        self.assertLessEqual(rt.fwhm_ev(5898.75, rt.EDS_PROCESS_TIMES['T4']['noise_ev']), rt.EDS_FWHM_MN_SPEC_EV)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.fwhm_ev(5898.75, rt.EDS_PROCESS_TIMES['T4']['noise_ev']), 127.0, delta=0.5)
+        self.assertGreater(rt.fwhm_ev(5898.75, rt.EDS_PROCESS_TIMES['T1']['noise_ev']), 140.0)
+
+    def test_geometry_matches_the_model_detector(self):
+        psi, om = rt.eds_geometry(0.010, 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(math.degrees(psi), 35.0, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(om, 25e-6 / 0.040 ** 2, places=12)
+        self.assertLess(rt.eds_geometry(0.030, 0.0)[1], om)
+        self.assertLess(rt.eds_geometry(0.010, math.radians(40))[0], psi)
+
+    def test_line_positions_and_duane_hunt(self):
+        rates, gen, em = rt.spectrum_rates(rt.substance('iron')['composition_mass_fraction'], 15000.0, self.psi, self.omega, 60.0)
+        k = int(np.argmax(rates[300:]) + 300)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((k + 0.5) * rt.EDS_CHANNEL_EV, 6403.84, delta=15.0)      # Fe Ka1 (Elam)
+        self.assertEqual(float(rates[int(15000 / rt.EDS_CHANNEL_EV) + 2:].sum()), 0.0)   # nothing above E0
+        self.assertGreater(gen, em)                                                      # absorption
+
+    def test_detector_efficiency_shape(self):
+        eff = rt.detector_efficiency
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(eff(5000.0), rt.WINDOW['grid_open'], delta=0.02)          # the Si support grid bounds the efficiency
+        self.assertLess(eff(277.0), eff(1500.0))
+        self.assertLess(eff(30000.0), eff(10000.0))                                     # 0.45 mm Si becomes transparent
+        self.assertGreater(eff(240.0), eff(300.0))                                      # window C K edge (284 eV)
+
+    def test_count_rate_scales_with_current_and_dead_time(self):
+        h = observing(ready(), ip=1e-10)
+        a = acquire_eds(h, mode='area', live=10.0)
+        h.invoke('beam.set_probe_current', current_a=1e-9)
+        b = acquire_eds(h, mode='area', live=10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['input_count_rate_cps'] / a['input_count_rate_cps'], 10.0, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertGreater(b['dead_time_fraction'], a['dead_time_fraction'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['real_time_s'], 10.0 / (1 - b['dead_time_fraction']), places=6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(b['counts']) / (b['input_count_rate_cps'] * 10.0), 1.0, delta=0.01)
+
+    def test_standardless_quantification_of_pure_and_binary_compounds(self):
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(3)
+        noise = rt.EDS_PROCESS_TIMES['T3']['noise_ev']
+        for sid, tol in (('iron', 1e-9), ('gallium_arsenide', 0.05), ('galena', 0.05), ('cadmium_telluride', 0.05), ('halite', 0.12)):
+            comp = rt.substance(sid)['composition_mass_fraction']
+            rates, _, _ = rt.spectrum_rates(comp, 20000.0, self.psi, self.omega, noise)
+            y = rng.poisson(rates * 1e-9 / rt.E_CHARGE * 60.0)
+            res = {r['element']: r for r in rt.quantify(y, 20000.0, self.psi, noise, list(comp))}
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(r['mass_fraction'] for r in res.values()), 1.0, places=9)
+            for e, w in comp.items():
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(res[e]['mass_fraction'] / w, 1.0, delta=tol, msg=(sid, e))
+            self.assertEqual(sorted(rt.identify_elements(y, 20000.0, noise)), sorted(comp), sid)
+
+    def test_oxygen_is_underestimated_as_in_standardless_practice(self):
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(4)
+        noise = rt.EDS_PROCESS_TIMES['T3']['noise_ev']
+        comp = rt.substance('quartz')['composition_mass_fraction']
+        rates, _, _ = rt.spectrum_rates(comp, 15000.0, self.psi, self.omega, noise)
+        res = {r['element']: r['mass_fraction'] for r in rt.quantify(rng.poisson(rates * 1e-9 / rt.E_CHARGE * 60.0), 15000.0, self.psi, noise, ['Si', 'O'])}
+        self.assertLess(res['O'], comp['O'])
+        self.assertGreater(res['O'], 0.8 * comp['O'])
+
+    def test_eds_through_the_runtime(self):
+        h = observing(ready(specimen=spec('ga', 'gallium_arsenide')), ip=1e-9)
+        sp = acquire_eds(h, mode='area', live=30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(sp['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(len(sp['counts']), rt.EDS_CHANNELS)
+        q = h.invoke('eds.quantify', spectrum_id=sp['spectrum_id'], elements=[])
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(q['elements_identified']), ['As', 'Ga'])
+        w = {r['element']: r['mass_fraction'] for r in q['results']}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(w['Ga'], 0.482, delta=0.03)
+        rejected(h, 'eds.quantify', 'UNKNOWN_ELEMENT', spectrum_id=sp['spectrum_id'], elements=['Xx'])
+        rejected(h, 'eds.quantify', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', spectrum_id='eds-99', elements=[])
+
+
+class GunAndFilament(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_saturation_time_and_emission(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('beam.observation_on')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['beam.filament_state'], 'heating')
+        rejected(h, 'image.acquire', 'BEAM_NOT_READY', pixels='320x240', dwell_s=1e-5)
+        h.step(6.0)
+        r = h.read()
+        self.assertEqual(r['beam.filament_state'], 'saturated')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['beam.emission_indicated_a'], rt.EMISSION_SAT_A, delta=0.05 * rt.EMISSION_SAT_A)
+
+    def test_burnout_and_replacement(self):
+        h = observing(ready())
+        h.fil_used_s = h.fil_life_s - 1.0
+        h.step(3.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.fil_burned)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'FILAMENT_BURNOUT')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['beam.filament_state'], 'burned_out')
+        rejected(h, 'gun.replace_filament', 'VENT_REQUIRED')
+        h.invoke('error.acknowledge')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.vent')
+        h.step(150.0)
+        n = h.invoke('gun.replace_filament')['filament_serial']
+        self.assertEqual(n, 2)
+        self.assertFalse(h.fil_burned)
+        self.assertEqual(h.fil_used_s, 0.0)
+
+
+class LedgersIsolationSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_charge_and_gas_ledgers_close(self):
+        q = spec('quartz', 'quartz', topo='particles', height=0.003)
+        h = observing(ready(specimen=q, vent_gas='room_air'), det='SED')
+        acquire_image(h)
+        acquire_eds(h)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.toggle_lv')                             # the mode change switches the beam off
+        h.step(120.0)
+        h.invoke('beam.observation_on')
+        h.step(rt.SATURATION_S + 1.0)
+        acquire_image(h)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['charge_residual_c']), 1e-15 + 1e-9 * led['beam_charge_c'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['gas_residual_mol']), 1e-12 + 1e-9 * led['gas_pumped_mol'])
+        self.assertGreater(led['gas_pumped_mol'], 0.3)
+        self.assertGreater(led['xray_generated'], led['xray_detected'] > 0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['electrons_on_specimen'] * rt.E_CHARGE, led['beam_charge_c'], delta=1e-9 * led['beam_charge_c'])
+
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = ready(seed=1), ready(seed=1)
+        observing(a)
+        acquire_image(a)
+        self.assertFalse(b.ht)
+        self.assertEqual(b.images, {})
+        self.assertNotEqual(a.read('evaluator'), b.read('evaluator'))
+
+    def test_agent_does_not_see_truth(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        a, e = h.session('a'), h.session('e')
+        ra = a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        re_ = e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in ra))
+        self.assertTrue(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in re_))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['truth.chamber_pressure_pa'])
+        d = a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertNotIn('ledger.read', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']))
+        r = a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='ledger.read', arguments={}, request_id='x')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+
+    def test_records_and_control_belong_to_their_agent(self):
+        h = observing(ready())
+        for p in ('a1', 'a2'):
+            h.register_principal(p, 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        I = h.instance_id
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(pixels='640x480', dwell_s=2e-5), request_id='r1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(pixels='640x480', dwell_s=2e-5), request_id='r1'), r)
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(pixels='320x240', dwell_s=2e-5),
+                                   request_id='r1')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        # the other agent cannot steer the beam, the stage or the vacuum while the first agent acquires
+        for cap, args in (('beam.set_voltage', dict(voltage_v=5000.0)), ('stage.move_xy', dict(x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)), ('vacuum.vent', {})):
+            self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='g-' + cap)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        o2 = s2.read(instance_id=I)['observations']
+        self.assertTrue(o2['acquisition.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(o2['acquisition.id']['value'])
+        h.step(10.0)
+        rid = h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.result', arguments=dict(image_id=rid), request_id='x2')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.result', arguments=dict(image_id='img-99'), request_id='x3')['error']['code'],
+                         'UNKNOWN_RECORD')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='image.result', arguments=dict(image_id=rid), request_id='x4')['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.read(instance_id=I)['observations']['result.last_image_id']['value'], rid)
+        self.assertIsNone(s2.read(instance_id=I)['observations']['result.last_image_id']['value'])
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=I, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='x5')['result']['images'], [])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s2.poll(r['operation_id'])
+
+    def test_cancel_keeps_the_dose_and_discards_the_frame(self):
+        h = observing(ready())
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(pixels='2560x1920', dwell_s=1e-5), request_id='c1')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        q0 = h.ledger()['beam_charge_c']
+        c = s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c2')
+        self.assertEqual(c['result']['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        rec = h.images[h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_code']), ('cancelled', 'USER_CANCEL'))
+        self.assertGreater(q0, 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['beam_charge_c'], q0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.acq)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c3')
+
+    def test_query_and_bookkeeping_capabilities(self):
+        h = observing(ready())
+        h.invoke('stage.rotate', rotation_rad=math.pi / 2)
+        out = h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=4.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['time_s'], h.time_s, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['rot'], min(math.pi / 2, rt.STAGE_ROT_SPEED * 4.0), places=12)
+        h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=4.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['stage.rotation_indicated_rad'], math.radians(90.0), places=9)
+        img = acquire_image(h)
+        sp = acquire_eds(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('image.result', image_id=img['image_id'])['status'], 'completed')
+        res = h.invoke('eds.result', spectrum_id=sp['spectrum_id'])
+        self.assertEqual((res['status'], res['total_counts']), ('completed', sum(res['counts'])))
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.list'), dict(images=[img['image_id']], spectra=[sp['spectrum_id']]))
+        codes = [e['code'] for e in h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        for c in ('POWER_ON', 'SOFTWARE_READY', 'EVAC', 'EVAC_COMPLETE', 'HT_ON', 'IMAGE_START', 'EDS_START', 'ACQ_COMPLETED', 'LOAD'):
+            self.assertIn(c, codes)
+        prov = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual((prov['library'], prov['substances']), (rt.LIBRARY_REL, ['iron', 'silicon']))
+        led = h.invoke('ledger.read')
+        self.assertEqual(set(led), set(rt.LEDGER_KEYS))
+        self.assertGreater(led['beam_charge_c'], 0.0)
+
+    def test_beam_off_fails_a_running_acquisition(self):
+        h = observing(ready())
+        op = h.invoke('eds.acquire', mode='point', live_time_s=60.0, process_time='T3')['operation_id']
+        h.step(5.0)
+        h.invoke('beam.observation_off')
+        rec = h.spectra[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['error_code']), ('failed', 'BEAM_OFF'))
+
+
+
+class ReviewRoundOneRegressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Independent runtime review round 1 (F01-F23): each fixed behaviour is pinned here."""
+
+    def test_power_loss_while_venting_keeps_the_door_locked(self):                                  # F01
+        for wait in (0.0, 1.0):
+            h = ready()
+            h.invoke('vacuum.vent')
+            h.step(wait)
+            h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+            self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'idle')
+            self.assertLess(h.p_ch, rt.VENT_READY_PA)
+            rejected(h, 'chamber.draw_out', 'CHAMBER_UNDER_VACUUM')
+            rejected(h, 'gun.replace_filament', 'VENT_REQUIRED')
+            h.step(60.0)
+            self.assertEqual(h._door_state(), 'closed')
+            h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)                   # start-up pumps the chamber that was left under vacuum
+            h.step(rt.SOFTWARE_BOOT_S + 1.0)
+            h.invoke('vacuum.vent')
+            h.step(150.0)
+            self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'vented')
+            h.invoke('chamber.draw_out')
+
+    def test_records_do_not_reveal_truth(self):                                                     # F02
+        mix = dict(FE_SI, specimen_id='qz_pb', phases=[dict(substance_id='quartz', area_fraction=0.6, grain_size_m=2e-5),
+                                                       dict(substance_id='galena', area_fraction=0.4, grain_size_m=2e-5)])
+        h = observing(ready(specimen=mix))
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        op = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='image.acquire', arguments=dict(pixels='320x240', dwell_s=1e-5), request_id='i')['operation_id']
+        h.step(h.operations[op]['duration'] + 1.0)
+        img = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='image.result', arguments=dict(image_id=h.operations[op]['record_id']), request_id='r')['result']
+        text = json.dumps(img)
+        for name in ('quartz', 'galena', 'substance_id', 'signal_per_electron'):
+            self.assertNotIn(name, text)
+        self.assertEqual(img['template_source']['substances'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(img['working_distance_m'], h.focus_wd)            # the displayed WD, not the true one
+        self.assertIsNone(img['probe_diameter_m'])
+        op = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='eds.acquire', arguments=dict(mode='point', live_time_s=10.0, process_time='T3'),
+                      request_id='e')['operation_id']
+        h.step(h.operations[op]['duration'] + 1.0)
+        sp = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='eds.result', arguments=dict(spectrum_id=h.operations[op]['record_id']), request_id='s')['result']
+        self.assertNotIn('landing_energy_ev', sp)
+        self.assertEqual(sp['template_source']['substances'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(sp['working_distance_m'], h.focus_wd)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sp['takeoff_angle_rad'], rt.eds_geometry(h.focus_wd, 0.0)[0], places=12)
+        h2 = observing(ready())
+        h2.fil_used_s = h2.fil_life_s - 1.0
+        h2.step(3.0)
+        msg = [e['message_zh'] for e in h2.events if e['code'] == 'FILAMENT_BURNOUT'][0]
+        self.assertNotRegex(msg, r'\d')
+
+    def test_collision_check_covers_the_swept_path(self):                                          # F03
+        big = spec('big', 'iron', height=0.001, diameter=0.040)
+        h = ready(specimen=big, wd=0.005)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['z'], 0.042, places=9)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.set_tilt', 'STAGE_COLLISION_RISK', tilt_rad=math.radians(90.0))    # the edge would sweep through the pole piece
+        h.step(25.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(90.0))                             # once lowered, the tilt is safe
+        top = max(h._top_z_rel(h.stage['z'], math.radians(t)) for t in range(0, 91))
+        self.assertLessEqual(top, 0.044 + 1e-12)
+        g = ready(wd=0.012)
+        g.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.015)
+        g.step(25.0)
+        g.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(60.0))
+        g.step(8.0)
+        rejected(g, 'stage.move_xy', 'STAGE_COLLISION_RISK', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.02)             # Y rides on the tilted cradle (+17 mm at 60 deg)
+        g.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.0, y_m=-0.02)                                       # moving down-slope is safe
+
+    def test_charging_follows_the_incidence_angle(self):                                           # F05
+        charge = {}
+        for tilt in (0.0, 60.0):
+            q = spec('q', 'quartz', height=0.001, diameter=0.004)
+            h = ready(specimen=q, wd=0.010)
+            if tilt:
+                h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.0)
+                h.step(25.0)
+                h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(tilt))
+                h.step(8.0)
+            observing(h, det='SED')
+            h.step(60.0)
+            charge[tilt] = h.read('evaluator')['truth.specimen_charge_c']
+        e2_0, e2_60 = rt.second_crossover_kev(rt.substance('quartz'), 0.0), rt.second_crossover_kev(rt.substance('quartz'), math.radians(60.0))
+        self.assertTrue(3.0 < e2_0 < 4.5, e2_0)                     # F13: about 3-4 keV for quartz (no double-counted SE2)
+        self.assertGreater(e2_60, 3.0 * e2_0)                      # tilting raises E2 (the IT300 manual's remedy against charge-up)
+        self.assertGreater(charge[0.0], 3.0 * charge[60.0])
+        self.assertGreater(charge[60.0], 0.0)
+
+    def test_each_insulating_phase_keeps_its_own_potential(self):                                   # F12
+        mix = dict(FE_SI, specimen_id='qz_pm', phases=[dict(substance_id='quartz', area_fraction=0.5, grain_size_m=2e-5),
+                                                       dict(substance_id='pmma', area_fraction=0.5, grain_size_m=2e-5)])
+        h = observing(ready(specimen=mix), kv=20000.0, det='SED')
+        h.step(600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.v_surface), 2)
+        for k, ph in enumerate(mix['phases']):
+            sub = rt.substance(ph['substance_id'])
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(h._landing_ev(sub, h._spec(), k), 20000.0 - h.v_surface[k], places=9)
+            v_eq = h._v_equilibrium(sub, 0.0)
+            self.assertLessEqual(h.v_surface[k], v_eq + 1e-6)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(h.v_surface[k], v_eq, delta=0.02 * v_eq)
+        self.assertNotAlmostEqual(h.v_surface[0], h.v_surface[1], delta=1000.0)      # quartz E2 ~3.8 keV, PMMA ~1.4 keV
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['charge_residual_c']), 1e-15 + 1e-9 * led['beam_charge_c'])
+
+    def test_automatic_identification_on_library_spectra(self):                                   # F06
+        psi, om = rt.eds_geometry(0.010, 0.0)
+        noise = rt.EDS_PROCESS_TIMES['T3']['noise_ev']
+        cases = [(15000.0, 'chromium', ['Cr']), (15000.0, 'nickel', ['Ni']), (15000.0, 'bismuth', ['Bi']), (20000.0, 'rutile', ['O', 'Ti']),
+                 (20000.0, 'bone_cortical', ['C', 'Ca', 'O', 'P']), (15000.0, 'galena', ['Pb', 'S']), (15000.0, 'alanine', ['C', 'N', 'O']),
+                 (15000.0, 'gold', ['Au'])]
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(7)
+        for kv, sid, expect in cases:
+            comp = rt.substance(sid)['composition_mass_fraction']
+            rates, _, _ = rt.spectrum_rates(comp, kv, psi, om, noise)
+            y = rng.poisson(rates * 1e-9 / rt.E_CHARGE * 60.0)
+            found = sorted(rt.identify_elements(y, kv, noise))
+            self.assertEqual([e for e in found if comp.get(e, 0.0) >= 0.02], expect, (sid, found))
+            self.assertFalse(set(found) - set(comp), (sid, found))
+        self.assertTrue({'Ne', 'Be', 'B'} <= rt.ID_EXCLUDED)
+
+    def test_mode_change_switches_the_beam_off_with_an_event(self):                                 # F07
+        h = observing(ready(lv=True))
+        self.assertTrue(h.ht)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.toggle_lv')
+        self.assertFalse(h.ht)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.error)
+        self.assertEqual([e['code'] for e in h.events][-2:], ['HT_OFF', 'MODE_HV'])
+        h.step(240.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'hv_ready')
+
+    def test_declared_effects_and_errors(self):                                                     # F08, F09, F22
+        h = observing(ready())
+        h.invoke('system.shutdown')                              # instrumented invoke: the beam truth is a declared effect now
+        errs = {k: {e['code'] for e in v['errors']} for k, v in _meta()['capabilities'].items()}
+        for k in ('beam.observation_on', 'optics.autofocus', 'optics.auto_stigmate', 'optics.auto_contrast_brightness', 'image.acquire', 'eds.acquire'):
+            self.assertNotIn('DOOR_OPEN', errs[k], k)
+            self.assertNotIn('DETECTOR_NOT_AVAILABLE', errs[k], k)
+        self.assertNotIn('HT_ON', errs['gun.replace_filament'])
+        self.assertIn('STAGE_COLLISION_RISK', errs['stage.move_xy'])
+        self.assertIn('COUNT_RATE_TOO_HIGH', errs['eds.acquire'])
+        g = observing(ready(), ip=3e-7)
+        rejected(g, 'eds.acquire', 'COUNT_RATE_TOO_HIGH', mode='point', live_time_s=600.0, process_time='T4')
+        w = configured()
+        w.invoke('specimen.provide', **spec('wet', 'bone_cortical', wet=True, height=0.003))
+        w.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        w.step(rt.SOFTWARE_BOOT_S + 1.0)
+        w.invoke('chamber.draw_out')
+        w.step(3.0)
+        w.invoke('specimen.load', specimen_id='wet')
+        w.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')                               # pumping with the door out: roughing never reaches crossover
+        w.step(2.0)
+        w.invoke('specimen.unload')                               # unloading the wet specimen changes the gas load (declared effect)
+
+    def test_queries_and_zero_steps_keep_the_revision(self):                                        # F10
+        h = observing(ready())
+        rev = h.revision
+        h.invoke('records.list')
+        h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)
+        h.invoke('ledger.read')
+        h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=0.0)
+        h.step(0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.revision, rev)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.revision, rev + 1)
+
+    def test_redeclared_room_temperature_keeps_the_gas_ledger(self):                                 # F11
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, room_k=300.15))
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.ledger()['gas_residual_mol']), 1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.p_ch, rt.P_ATM * 300.15 / 295.15, places=6)
+
+    def test_bed_factor_and_filament_life(self):                                                     # F14, F20, F23
+        d, _ = rt.probe(30000.0, 3e-12, 0.005)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.K_RES * d * rt.BED_RES_FACTOR, 4.0e-9, delta=0.02e-9)
+        self.assertEqual(rt.FILAMENT_LIFE_H, 300.0)
+        rt.second_crossover_kev(rt.substance('quartz'), 0.3)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('_') for k in rt.library()['substances']['quartz']))
+
+
+
+class ReviewRoundTwoRegressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Independent runtime review round 2 (F24-F30)."""
+
+    def test_vent_keeps_y_when_the_return_would_lift_the_rim(self):                              # F24
+        thin = spec('thin', 'iron', height=0.001, diameter=0.010)
+        h = ready(specimen=thin, wd=0.030)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.0)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_tilt', tilt_rad=math.radians(60.0))
+        h.step(8.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.01, y_m=-0.02)
+        h.step(15.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.043)                                 # rim is safe at Y -20 mm, not at Y 0
+        h.step(25.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.vent')
+        codes = [e['code'] for e in h.events][-3:]
+        self.assertIn('Y_RETURN_SKIPPED', codes)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.stage['x'], 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['y'], -0.02, places=12)
+        self.assertLessEqual(h._top_z_rel(h.stage['z'], h.stage['tilt'], h.stage['y']), 0.044 + 1e-12)
+
+    def test_lowering_is_always_allowed_from_a_too_high_pose(self):                               # F25
+        h = ready(wd=0.010)                                                      # 5 mm specimen at Z 33 mm
+        h.invoke('vacuum.vent')
+        h.step(150.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.draw_out')
+        h.step(3.0)
+        h.invoke('specimen.unload')
+        h.invoke('specimen.provide', **spec('tall20', 'aluminium', height=0.020))
+        h.invoke('specimen.load', specimen_id='tall20')                          # top now 53 mm above the WD-48 plane (door out)
+        rejected(h, 'chamber.draw_in', 'STAGE_COLLISION_RISK')
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.010)
+        h.step(15.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.draw_in')
+        h.step(3.0)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.set_z', 'STAGE_COLLISION_RISK', z_lift_m=0.025)       # inside: raising the top to 45 mm is refused
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.005)                                  # lowering stays possible
+
+    def test_lowered_voltage_below_the_surface_potential_mirrors_the_beam(self):                  # F26
+        q = spec('q', 'quartz', height=0.001, diameter=0.004)
+        h = observing(ready(specimen=q, wd=0.010), kv=15000.0, det='SED')
+        h.step(120.0)
+        v0 = dict(h.v_surface)
+        self.assertGreater(max(v0.values()), 10000.0)
+        h.invoke('beam.set_voltage', voltage_v=5000.0)
+        e0 = h.ledger()['beam_energy_j']
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.v_surface, v0)                                        # nothing lands, the potential stays
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['beam_energy_j'], e0)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['charge_residual_c']), 1e-15 + 1e-9 * led['beam_charge_c'])
+        u, v, on = h._beam_point()
+        sub, th, az, k = h._phase_sub(h._spec(), u, v)
+        self.assertEqual(h._landing_ev(sub, h._spec(), k), 0.0)
+
+    def test_regions_merge_indistinguishable_phases_and_resolution_is_measured(self):              # F28
+        twin = dict(FE_SI, specimen_id='fe_fe', phases=[dict(substance_id='iron', area_fraction=0.3, grain_size_m=2e-5),
+                                                        dict(substance_id='iron', area_fraction=0.7, grain_size_m=2e-5)])
+        h = observing(ready(specimen=twin))
+        img = acquire_image(h)
+        self.assertEqual([r['region_id'] for r in img['regions']], ['region_1'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(img['regions'][0]['area_fraction_in_view'], 1.0, places=12)
+        fr = h._frame_signals(dwell=1e-5, nx=320, ny=240, noise=False)
+        self.assertNotEqual(img['effective_resolution_m'], fr['eff_res'])
+        self.assertEqual(img['effective_resolution_m'], float(f"{img['effective_resolution_m']:.2g}"))
+
+    def test_duane_hunt_limit_validity(self):                                                    # F29
+        psi, om = rt.eds_geometry(0.010, 0.0)
+        rates, _, _ = rt.spectrum_rates(rt.substance('iron')['composition_mass_fraction'], 15000.0, psi, om, 60.0)
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(3)
+        y = rng.poisson(rates * 1e-9 / rt.E_CHARGE * 30.0)
+        dh = rt.duane_hunt_limit(y, 60.0, 15000.0)
+        self.assertLessEqual(dh, 15000.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(dh - 15000.0), 200.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(rt.duane_hunt_limit(rng.poisson(rates * 1e-12 / rt.E_CHARGE * 5.0), 60.0, 15000.0))      # too few counts
+        r30, _, _ = rt.spectrum_rates(rt.substance('iron')['composition_mass_fraction'], 30000.0, psi, om, 60.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(rt.duane_hunt_limit(rng.poisson(r30 * 1e-9 / rt.E_CHARGE * 30.0), 60.0, 30000.0))       # tail beyond 20.48 keV
+
+
+    def test_door_commanded_in_counts_as_inside(self):                                             # F31
+        h = ready(wd=0.010)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.vent')
+        h.step(150.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.draw_out')
+        h.step(3.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.030)                                  # drawn out: free
+        h.step(20.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=0.020)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.draw_in')                                              # accepted at the safe pose, the door has not moved yet
+        rejected(h, 'stage.set_z', 'STAGE_COLLISION_RISK', z_lift_m=0.043)       # judged as inside now
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.unload', 'DOOR_NOT_OPEN')
+        h.invoke('specimen.provide', **spec('tall30', 'aluminium', height=0.030))
+        rejected(h, 'specimen.load', 'DOOR_NOT_OPEN', specimen_id='tall30')
+        meta = _meta()['capabilities']['chamber.draw_in']['errors']
+        self.assertIn('严格', next(e['meaning_zh'] for e in meta if e['code'] == 'STAGE_COLLISION_RISK'))
+
+
+    def test_separable_phases_stay_separate_regions(self):                                         # F33
+        ti_zn = dict(FE_SI, specimen_id='ti_zn', phases=[dict(substance_id='titanium', area_fraction=0.5, grain_size_m=2e-5),
+                                                         dict(substance_id='zinc', area_fraction=0.5, grain_size_m=2e-5)])
+        h = observing(ready(specimen=ti_zn), ip=1e-10)
+        img = acquire_image(h, dwell=1e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(len(img['regions']), 2, img['regions'])
+        five = dict(FE_SI, specimen_id='five', phases=[dict(substance_id=s_, area_fraction=0.2, grain_size_m=2e-5)
+                                                       for s_ in ('carbon_graphite', 'aluminium', 'titanium', 'copper', 'gold')])
+        g = observing(ready(specimen=five), ip=1e-10)
+        self.assertEqual(len(acquire_image(g, dwell=1e-5)['regions']), 5)
+
+
+    def test_lv_skirt_compresses_the_region_greys_like_the_thumbnail(self):                         # F34
+        ti_zn = dict(FE_SI, specimen_id='ti_zn_lv', phases=[dict(substance_id='titanium', area_fraction=0.5, grain_size_m=2e-5),
+                                                            dict(substance_id='zinc', area_fraction=0.5, grain_size_m=2e-5)])
+        h = ready(specimen=ti_zn, lv=True)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.set_lv_pressure', pressure_pa=100.0)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        observing(h, kv=20000.0)
+        img = acquire_image(h, dwell=1e-5)
+        greys = sorted(r['mean_grey'] for r in img['regions'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(greys), 2)
+        self.assertTrue(10.0 < greys[0] < greys[1] < 245.0, greys)                              # not clipped: the ACB was set on the skirted frame
+        thumb = np.asarray(img['thumbnail'], float)
+        cut = 0.5 * (greys[0] + greys[1])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(thumb[thumb > cut].mean()), greys[1], delta=25.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(thumb[thumb <= cut].mean()), greys[0], delta=25.0)
+
+
+    def test_texture_and_topo_noise(self):                                                          # F35
+        def two(sid, a, b, topo):
+            return dict(FE_SI, specimen_id=sid, topography=topo, phases=[dict(substance_id=a, area_fraction=0.5, grain_size_m=3e-5),
+                                                                         dict(substance_id=b, area_fraction=0.5, grain_size_m=3e-5)])
+        for det, ip, dwell in (('BED_TOPO', 1e-12, 1e-6), ('SED', 1e-9, 1e-5), ('BED_COMPO', 1e-8, 1e-4)):
+            h = observing(ready(specimen=two('ti_ti_rough', 'titanium', 'titanium', 'rough_fracture')), kv=20000.0, ip=ip, det=det, mag=500.0)
+            img = acquire_image(h, pixels='640x480', dwell=dwell)
+            self.assertEqual(len(img['regions']), 1, (det, img['regions']))                        # texture of the grains, not two phases
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(img['regions'][0]['area_fraction_in_view'], 1.0, places=12)
+            if det == 'BED_TOPO':
+                self.assertIsNone(img['contrast'])                                                  # signed difference signal
+        h = observing(ready(specimen=two('ti_zn_flat', 'titanium', 'zinc', 'flat_polished')), kv=20000.0, ip=1e-12, det='BED_TOPO', mag=500.0)
+        self.assertLess(h.acb['gain'], 1e-6)                                                         # stretched to the noise, not to 1e32
+        img = acquire_image(h, pixels='640x480', dwell=1e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.std(img['thumbnail'])), 5.0)                                     # the sum signal's shot noise remains
+        g = observing(ready(specimen=two('fe_si_rough', 'iron', 'silicon', 'rough_fracture')), kv=20000.0, ip=1e-9, det='BED_COMPO', mag=500.0)
+        self.assertEqual(len(acquire_image(g, pixels='640x480', dwell=1e-5)['regions']), 2)          # composition contrast still separates
+
+
+
+class _QuietRng:
+    """Noise-free stand-in for the runtime's random.Random (gauges exact, fixed draws) so that two runs differ only by the process."""
+    def gauss(self, mu, sigma):
+        return mu
+
+    def random(self):
+        return 0.5
+
+    def uniform(self, a, b):
+        return 0.5 * (a + b)
+
+    def getrandbits(self, k):
+        return 12345
+
+
+class ContractReviewRegressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_on_step_effects_cover_what_the_process_changes(self):                              # C20
+        """For each timed capability: the slots whose trajectories differ from an otherwise identical run without the call are declared
+        (immediate or on_step); the step itself only changes slots declared as on_step effects of sim.step."""
+        def lv_ready():
+            h = ready(lv=True)
+            return h
+
+        def drawn_out():
+            h = ready(evacuate=False)
+            h.invoke('chamber.draw_out')
+            h.step(10.0)
+            return h
+
+        def moved():
+            h = ready()
+            h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.01, y_m=0.005)
+            h.step(30.0)
+            return h
+        cases = [('power.set', lambda: configured(), dict(enabled=True), 300.0), ('power.key_toggle', lambda: configured(), {}, 300.0),
+                 ('vacuum.evacuate', lambda: ready(evacuate=False), {}, 300.0), ('vacuum.vent', moved, {}, 200.0),
+                 ('vacuum.toggle_lv', ready, {}, 300.0), ('vacuum.set_lv_pressure', lv_ready, dict(pressure_pa=80.0), 120.0),
+                 ('chamber.draw_out', lambda: ready(evacuate=False), {}, 10.0), ('chamber.draw_in', drawn_out, {}, 10.0),
+                 ('stage.move_xy', ready, dict(x_m=0.01, y_m=-0.005), 60.0), ('stage.set_z', ready, dict(z_lift_m=0.030), 60.0),
+                 ('stage.set_tilt', ready, dict(tilt_rad=0.3), 60.0), ('stage.rotate', ready, dict(rotation_rad=1.0), 60.0),
+                 ('beam.observation_on', ready, {}, 120.0), ('image.acquire', lambda: observing(ready()), dict(pixels='640x480', dwell_s=2e-5), 12.0),
+                 ('eds.acquire', lambda: observing(ready()), dict(mode='point', live_time_s=10.0, process_time='T3'), 40.0)]
+        # the same calls while the beam is on (conductive specimen, charging uncoated quartz, low vacuum): consequences on the beam process count too
+        def quartz_on():
+            return observing(ready(specimen=spec('quartz', 'quartz', topo='particles', height=0.003)), kv=15000.0)
+
+        def lv_on():
+            return observing(ready(lv=True))
+        for make in (lambda: observing(ready()), quartz_on):
+            cases += [('power.set', make, dict(enabled=False), 30.0), ('power.key_toggle', make, {}, 30.0), ('vacuum.vent', make, {}, 60.0),
+                      ('vacuum.toggle_lv', make, {}, 60.0), ('stage.move_xy', make, dict(x_m=0.002, y_m=0.001), 30.0),
+                      ('stage.set_z', make, dict(z_lift_m=0.030), 30.0), ('stage.set_tilt', make, dict(tilt_rad=0.35), 30.0),
+                      ('stage.rotate', make, dict(rotation_rad=1.0), 30.0), ('image.acquire', make, dict(pixels='640x480', dwell_s=2e-5), 12.0),
+                      ('eds.acquire', make, dict(mode='point', live_time_s=10.0, process_time='T3'), 40.0),
+                      ('eds.acquire', make, dict(mode='area', live_time_s=10.0, process_time='T3'), 40.0)]
+        def moving_on():
+            h = quartz_on()
+            h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.004, y_m=0.002)
+            h.step(0.5)
+            return h
+        def lv_imaging():
+            h = observing(ready(lv=True))
+            h.invoke('image.acquire', pixels='2560x1920', dwell_s=2e-5)
+            h.step(2.0)
+            return h
+        cases += [('vacuum.set_lv_pressure', lv_on, dict(pressure_pa=80.0), 60.0), ('vacuum.toggle_lv', lv_on, {}, 120.0), ('vacuum.vent', lv_on, {}, 60.0),
+                  ('vacuum.set_lv_pressure', lv_imaging, dict(pressure_pa=90.0), 30.0),                          # the frame fails with VACUUM_LOST
+                  ('power.set', moving_on, dict(enabled=False), 30.0), ('power.key_toggle', moving_on, {}, 30.0)]    # the X/Y motors stop without power
+        # calls without a process of their own whose consequences appear on the step (beam off, landing energy/current/field on a charging insulator,
+        # a mains trip or new room conditions)
+        for make in (lambda: observing(ready()), quartz_on):
+            cases += [('beam.observation_off', make, {}, 30.0), ('system.shutdown', make, {}, 30.0), ('beam.set_voltage', make, dict(voltage_v=5000.0), 30.0),
+                      ('beam.set_probe_current', make, dict(current_a=1e-9), 30.0), ('scan.set_magnification', make, dict(magnification=5000.0), 30.0),
+                      ('plant.configure', make, dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=120.0), 30.0)]
+        def roughing_door_out(load_wet):
+            def make():
+                h = ready(specimen=None, evacuate=False)
+                h.invoke('specimen.provide', **spec('wet_leaf', 'tissue_soft', wet=True, height=0.002))
+                h.invoke('chamber.draw_out')
+                h.step(10.0)
+                if load_wet:
+                    h.invoke('specimen.load', specimen_id='wet_leaf')
+                h.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')
+                h.step(5.0)
+                return h
+            return make
+        cases += [('specimen.load', roughing_door_out(False), dict(specimen_id='wet_leaf'), 60.0), ('specimen.unload', roughing_door_out(True), {}, 60.0),
+                  ('chamber.draw_in', roughing_door_out(True), {}, 300.0), ('chamber.draw_in', roughing_door_out(False), {}, 300.0)]
+        cases += [('plant.configure', lambda: ready(evacuate=False), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, room_k=303.15), 60.0),
+                  ('plant.configure', moving_on, dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=80.0), 30.0)]
+        declared_all = {k: set(rt.EFFECTS[k]) | set(rt.ON_STEP.get(k, [])) for k in rt.EFFECTS}
+        missing = {}
+        for cap, make, args, horizon in cases:
+            runs = []
+            for call in (True, False):
+                h = make()
+                h.rng = _QuietRng()
+                if call:
+                    h.invoke(cap, **args)
+                traj = []
+                for dt in (1.0, 5.0) + (horizon / 8.0,) * 8:
+                    h.step(dt)
+                    traj.append(h.read('evaluator'))
+                runs.append(traj)
+            changed = {k for a, b in zip(*runs) for k in a if a[k] != b[k]}
+            for k in changed - declared_all[cap] - {'clock.time_s'}:
+                missing.setdefault(cap, set()).add(k)
+            step_changed = {k for a, b in zip(runs[0], runs[0][1:]) for k in a if a[k] != b[k]}
+            for k in step_changed - set(rt.ON_STEP['sim.step']):
+                missing.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add(k)
+        self.assertEqual(missing, {})
+        self.assertFalse([s for v in rt.ON_STEP.values() for s in v if rt.SLOTS[s]['origin'] == 'setpoint'])
+
+    def test_gun_vacuum_loss_trips_the_high_voltage(self):                                      # C05
+        h = observing(ready())
+        op = h.invoke('image.acquire', pixels='1280x960', dwell_s=1e-4)['operation_id']
+        h.step(2.0)
+        h.p_ch = 50.0                                   # fault injection: a sudden chamber leak (no public command reaches the gun trip)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        v = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertFalse(v['beam.ht_on'])
+        self.assertEqual(v['system.error_code'], 'HT_TRIP')
+        self.assertGreater(v['truth.gun_pressure_pa'], rt.GUN_TRIP_PA)
+        self.assertIn('HT_TRIP', [e['code'] for e in h.events])
+        self.assertEqual(h.images[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['status'], 'failed')
+        rejected(h, 'beam.observation_on', 'ERROR_PENDING')
+
+    def test_units_and_sampling(self):                                                          # C07, C08, C11
+        meta = _meta()
+        si = {'1', 's', 'm', 'rad', 'Pa', 'V', 'A', 'C', 'J', 'mol', 'kg', 'K', 'W', 'F', 'm^2', 'sr', '1/s', 'Pa*m^3/s', 'm^3', 'm^3/s', 'm/s',
+              'rad/s', 'Hz', 'A/(m^2 sr V)'}
+        units = {v['unit'] for v in meta['state_slots'].values()}
+        for mech in meta['mechanisms'].values():
+            units |= {p_['unit'] for p_ in mech['parameters'].values()}
+        self.assertLessEqual(units - si, {'eV', '1/eV'}, units - si)
+        h = ready()
+        h.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.01, y_m=0.0)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        obs = h.session('e').read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertIsNone(obs['stage.x_indicated_m']['sample_window_s'])
+        self.assertGreater(obs['stage.x_indicated_m']['value'], 0.0)                         # continuous between the cycles
+        self.assertEqual(obs['vacuum.chamber_pressure_indicated_pa']['sample_window_s'], rt.CYCLE_S)
+        self.assertEqual(obs['vacuum.chamber_pressure_indicated_pa']['sample_time_s'], math.floor(h.time_s))
+        self.assertEqual(obs['truth.filament_life_s']['unit'], 's')
+        self.assertNotIn('Pure read of the latest 1 s instrument cycle', json.dumps(meta['state_slots']))
+
+
+    def test_wet_specimen_outgasses_whenever_it_is_in_the_pumped_chamber(self):                   # F38
+        wet = spec('leaf', 'tissue_soft', wet=True, topo='rough_fracture', height=0.002)
+        h = ready(specimen=None, evacuate=False)
+        h.invoke('specimen.provide', **wet)
+        h.invoke('chamber.draw_out')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')                                              # EVAC pressed with the door out, the specimen loaded afterwards
+        h.step(5.0)
+        h.invoke('specimen.load', specimen_id='leaf')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h._spec()['_wet_exposed_s'], 0.0)                      # drawn out: in room air, not drying
+        h.invoke('stage.set_z', z_lift_m=rt.WD_RANGE_M[1] - 0.010 - 0.002)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        h.invoke('chamber.draw_in')
+        h.step(rt.EVAC_LIMIT_S)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'EVAC_TIMEOUT')                               # the water load keeps high vacuum out of reach, as on the normal path
+        self.assertNotEqual(h.vac_state, 'hv_ready')
+        dried = h._spec()['_wet_exposed_s']
+        self.assertGreater(dried, 400.0)
+        h.invoke('error.acknowledge')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.vent')
+        h.step(200.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h._spec()['_wet_exposed_s'], dried)                    # venting neither dries nor re-wets it
+        h.invoke('vacuum.toggle_lv')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')
+        h.step(3600.0)                                                          # an hour in low vacuum dries it
+        h.invoke('vacuum.vent')
+        h.step(200.0)
+        h.invoke('vacuum.toggle_lv')
+        h.invoke('vacuum.evacuate')
+        h.step(400.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.vac_state, 'hv_ready')
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['gas_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * max(1.0, led['gas_admitted_mol']))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_keyence_vkx3000.py b/tests/test_asset_keyence_vkx3000.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33ff89c6dc7532b01b709509779bfb6b897c7505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_keyence_vkx3000.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1494 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-155 keyence_vkx3000: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_keyence_vkx3000.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances
+are isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (laser energy: reflected + absorbed + transmitted = energy to the sample; travel and
+frame ledgers), real return values validated against the declared schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value), asynchronous completion
+and cancellation remnants, host-step independence, declared immediate and on_step effects (scenario states, short and long windows); plus the
+instrument (boot and Z homing, motorized XY, manual lift without power, revolver timing and the empty optical axis while turning, lens-change
+retraction, collision protection, faults) and the measurement physics: laser-confocal heights on opaque steps against the hidden Z scale,
+transparent-step errors of the strongest / first peak, confocal film mode and its resolution limit, slope cut-off of the numerical aperture,
+double scan on dark pixels, focus variation needing texture, white light interferometry with the phase change on reflection of Au against Si,
+spectral film thickness (right and wrong materials, range), Z and XY calibration with step and pitch standards, stitching, ISO analyses.
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import keyence_vkx3000 as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_keyence_vkx3000_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.KeyenceVkx3000Runtime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared and len(rt.EFFECTS) > 1:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.KeyenceVkx3000Runtime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+AU = dict(sample_id='au_step', substrate_substance_id='si', thickness_m=5.25e-4, size_x_m=0.010, size_y_m=0.010,
+          features=[dict(kind='step', substance_id='au', height_m=200e-9, width_m=0.3e-6, pitch_m=0.0, x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, extent_m=0.004)], film=None,
+          roughness=dict(sq_m=0.5e-9, correlation_length_m=2e-6), tilt_x_rad=0.0, tilt_y_rad=0.0)
+TALL = dict(AU, sample_id='tall', thickness_m=0.033, features=[])
+PMMA3 = dict(sample_id='pmma_al', substrate_substance_id='al', thickness_m=0.001, size_x_m=0.010, size_y_m=0.010, features=[],
+             film=dict(substance_id='pmma', thickness_m=3.0e-6), roughness=dict(sq_m=0.5e-9, correlation_length_m=5e-6), tilt_x_rad=0.0, tilt_y_rad=0.0)
+STEEL = dict(sample_id='worn_steel', substrate_substance_id='stainless_steel', thickness_m=0.003, size_x_m=0.020, size_y_m=0.020,
+             features=[dict(kind='groove', substance_id=None, height_m=-5e-6, width_m=200e-6, pitch_m=0.0, x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, extent_m=0.010)], film=None,
+             roughness=dict(sq_m=0.2e-6, correlation_length_m=10e-6), tilt_x_rad=0.0, tilt_y_rad=0.0)
+STEP_STD = dict(sample_id='step_standard', substrate_substance_id='sio2_fused', thickness_m=0.00635, size_x_m=0.025, size_y_m=0.025,
+                features=[dict(kind='step', substance_id='cr', height_m=1.803e-6, width_m=0.5e-6, pitch_m=0.0, x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, extent_m=0.005)],
+                film=dict(substance_id='cr', thickness_m=60e-9), roughness=dict(sq_m=0.5e-9, correlation_length_m=3e-6), tilt_x_rad=0.001, tilt_y_rad=0.0)
+GRATING = dict(sample_id='grating', substrate_substance_id='si', thickness_m=5.25e-4, size_x_m=0.010, size_y_m=0.010,
+               features=[dict(kind='grating', substance_id=None, height_m=0.5e-6, width_m=5e-6, pitch_m=10e-6, x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, extent_m=0.004)], film=None,
+               roughness=dict(sq_m=0.5e-9, correlation_length_m=3e-6), tilt_x_rad=0.0, tilt_y_rad=0.0)
+FAST = dict(rt.SETTINGS_EXAMPLE, quality='high_speed')
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.KeyenceVkx3000Runtime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = configured(seed, **plant)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def busy(h):
+    return h._z_moving() or not h._revolver_settled() or h._stage_moving() or h.op is not None or h._lift_moving()
+
+
+def settle(h, limit=900.0, dt=0.5):
+    t = 0.0
+    while busy(h) and t < limit:
+        h.step(dt)
+        t += dt
+    assert not busy(h)
+    return h
+
+
+def focus_near(h, above=1.0e-4):
+    s = h.samples[h.on_stage]
+    hi = rt.sample_extremes(s)[0]
+    h.invoke('focus.move', z_m=h._z_for_focus(rt.SAMPLE_PLATE_Z + h.lift + s['thickness_m'] + 0.5 * hi) - above)
+    return settle(h)
+
+
+def loaded(sample=AU, slot=1, seed=1, x=0.0, y=0.0):
+    h = ready(seed)
+    if sample['sample_id'] not in h.samples:
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **sample)
+    h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id=sample['sample_id'], x_m=x, y_m=y)
+    h.invoke('lens.select', slot=slot)
+    settle(h)
+    return focus_near(h)
+
+
+def wait(h, op, tmax=3600.0, dt=0.5):
+    t0 = h.t
+    while h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'running' and h.t - t0 < tmax:
+        h.step(dt)
+    return h.operations[op]['phase']
+
+
+def prepare(h, mode='laser_confocal', **settings):
+    h.invoke('measurement.configure', **dict(rt.SETTINGS_EXAMPLE, mode=mode, **settings))
+    op = h.invoke('focus.auto')['operation_id']
+    assert wait(h, op) == 'completed', h.operations[op]
+    op = h.invoke('measurement.auto_range')['operation_id']
+    assert wait(h, op) == 'completed', h.operations[op]
+    return h
+
+
+def measure(h, mode='laser_confocal', autofocus=True, **settings):
+    if autofocus:
+        prepare(h, mode, **settings)
+    op = h.invoke('measurement.start')['operation_id']
+    assert wait(h, op) == 'completed', h.operations[op]
+    rid = h.operations[op]['record_id']
+    return rid, h.records[rid]
+
+
+def hmap(r, key='height_m'):
+    return rt._none_to_nan(r[key])
+
+
+def step_height(h, rid, lower, upper, axis='x'):
+    return h.invoke('data.step_height', record_id=rid, axis=axis, lower=lower, upper=upper, leveling='none')['step_height_m']
+
+
+def rejected(h, cap, code, **a):
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    rev = h.revision
+    led = h.ledger()
+    try:
+        h.invoke(cap, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        assert str(exc) == code, (cap, str(exc), code)
+        assert not _changed(h.read('evaluator'), before), cap
+        assert h.revision == rev, cap
+        assert not _changed(h.ledger(), led), cap
+        return True
+    raise AssertionError(f'{cap} was not rejected (expected {code})')
+
+
+def pcor_offset(a, b, lam=rt.WLI_LAMBDA0_M):
+    """Apparent height offset of material a against b in phase-shifting interferometry (phase change on reflection at normal incidence)."""
+    pa = np.angle(-(1 - rt.nk(a, lam)) / (1 + rt.nk(a, lam)))
+    pb = np.angle(-(1 - rt.nk(b, lam)) / (1 + rt.nk(b, lam)))
+    return float(-(pa - pb) * lam / (4 * math.pi))
+
+
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.keyence_vkx3000')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-155')
+
+    def test_schemas_lint_and_examples_validate(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for part in ('input_schema', 'output_schema'):
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c[part]), [], (k, part))
+            ex = rt.CAPS[k].get('example_arguments')
+            if ex is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(ex, c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, s in m['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+        v = ready().read('evaluator')
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(x, m['state_slots'][k]['value_schema']), [], k)
+
+    def test_metadata_references_are_consistent(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        slots, comps = set(m['state_slots']), set(rt.COMPONENTS) if hasattr(rt, 'COMPONENTS') else None
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, (k, e))
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                for x in pre['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            for x in c['execution']['completion_state_ids']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            if comps is not None:
+                for x in c['component_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, comps, (k, x))
+        for k in rt.CAPS:
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAP_SOURCES, k)
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.PRECONDITIONS) - set(rt.CAPS), set())
+        for k, v in rt.EFFECTS.items():
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAPS)
+            self.assertEqual(set(v) - slots, set(), k)
+        for k, v in rt.ON_STEP.items():
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAPS)
+            self.assertEqual(set(v) - slots, set(), k)
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities_report_unsupported(self):
+        h = ready()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                _orig_invoke(h, k, **(rt.CAPS[k].get('example_arguments') or {}))
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'UNSUPPORTED')
+            self.assertEqual(_meta()['capabilities'][k]['availability'], 'unsupported')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='export.vk_file', arguments=rt.CAPS['export.vk_file'].get('example_arguments') or {}, request_id='u1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'unsupported')
+
+
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_and_describe_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        t, rev = h.t, h.revision
+        for _ in range(3):
+            h.read('evaluator'); s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id); s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertEqual((h.t, h.revision), (t, rev))
+
+    def test_step_zero_and_negative(self):
+        h = ready()
+        t = h.t
+        h.step(0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.t, t)
+        for bad in (-1.0, float('nan'), float('inf')):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.step(bad)
+
+    def test_host_step_chopping_does_not_change_the_result(self):
+        """The same measurement advanced in one host step and in irregular small steps gives identical records, positions and ledgers."""
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = loaded(AU, slot=3)
+            prepare(h, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+            op = h.invoke('measurement.start')['operation_id']
+            T = h.op['duration_s'] + 0.5
+            if chunks:
+                t, i = 0.0, 0
+                while t < T:
+                    d = (0.037, 0.211, 0.0043, 0.5)[i % 4]
+                    h.step(d); t += d; i += 1
+            else:
+                h.step(T)
+            self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'completed')
+            r = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+            return h, r
+        a, ra = run(False)
+        b, rb = run(True)
+        self.assertEqual(ra['height_m'], rb['height_m'])
+        self.assertEqual(ra['intensity'], rb['intensity'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.z, b.z, places=12)
+        for k, v in a.ledger().items():
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(v, b.ledger()[k], delta=1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(v)), msg=k)
+
+    def test_reads_do_not_change_later_results(self):
+        def run(reads):
+            h = loaded(AU, slot=1)
+            prepare(h, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+            op = h.invoke('measurement.start')['operation_id']
+            for _ in range(20):
+                if reads:
+                    h.read('evaluator'); h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0); h.invoke('records.list'); h.invoke('ledger.read')
+                h.step(0.25)
+            wait(h, op)
+            return h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['height_m']
+        self.assertEqual(run(False), run(True))
+
+    def test_set_points_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=1)
+        x0 = h.stage['x']
+        out = h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.004, y_m=-0.002)
+        self.assertEqual(h.stage['x'], x0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.target_m'], [0.004, -0.002])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], 0.004 / rt.STAGE_SPEED_M_S)
+        h.step(0.2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['x'], 0.002, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['y'], -0.002, places=12)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['stage.moving'])
+        settle(h)
+        z0 = h.z
+        h.invoke('focus.move', z_m=z0 - 0.001)
+        self.assertEqual(h.z, z0)
+        h.step(0.1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.z, z0 - 0.0005, places=12)
+        settle(h)
+        l0 = h.lift
+        h.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.004)
+        self.assertEqual(h.lift, l0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.lift, -0.002, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['stage.focus_drive_rad'], 0.002 / rt.COARSE_PITCH_M * 2 * math.pi, places=9)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('lens.select', slot=2)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['head.objective'], '10x')                  # the revolver has not turned yet
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['head.revolver_moving'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['head.lens_slot'], 2)
+        h.step(0.4)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['head.objective'])                       # the optical axis is between two objectives
+        h.step(0.41)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['head.objective'], '20x')
+
+
+class PowerMotionAndProtection(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_boot_homes_the_z_stage_and_power_loss_stops_the_axes(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'booting')
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move', 'NOT_READY', x_m=0.001, y_m=0.0)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S - 0.01)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'booting')
+        h.step(0.02)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'ready')
+        h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.02, y_m=0.0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        x = h.stage['x']
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(x, 0.010, places=12)
+        self.assertEqual(h.stage['x'], x)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.x_indicated_m'], None)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(h.stage['x'], x)                                  # the XY stage keeps its position; only Z homes
+        self.assertEqual(h.z, 0.0)
+
+    def test_manual_lift_works_without_power_and_mains_fault(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.010)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.lift, -0.010, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['lift_travel_m'], 0.010, places=12)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0))
+        self.assertFalse(h.power)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'MAINS_FAULT')
+        rejected(h, 'power.set', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE', enabled=True)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE))
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.error)
+        rejected(h, 'plant.configure', 'SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=5))
+
+    def test_revolver_timing_and_lens_change_retraction(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=1)
+        z10 = h.z
+        out = h.invoke('lens.select', slot=3)                               # 50x: 0.35 mm working distance -> Z retracts first
+        self.assertLess(out['z_retract_m'], 0.0)
+        tip_after = h._tip_z(rt.LENSES[3], z10 + out['z_retract_m'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(tip_after, h._sample_top_z() + rt.SAFE_TIP_CLEARANCE_M, places=9)
+        t_retract = abs(out['z_retract_m']) / rt.HEAD_Z_SPEED_M_S
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], t_retract + 2 * rt.REVOLVER_S_PER_STEP, places=9)
+        h.step(t_retract * 0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.rev, 2 * math.pi / 6 * 1, places=12)       # the revolver waits for the retraction
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['head.objective'], '50x')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['revolver_steps'], 3.0, places=9)   # 0 -> 1 (loading) and 1 -> 3
+
+    def test_collision_protection(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=3)
+        top = h._sample_top_z()
+        z_hit = h._z_for_focus(top + rt.COLLISION_MARGIN_M * 0.5 - rt.LENSES[3]['wd_m'])
+        rejected(h, 'focus.move', 'COLLISION_RISK', z_m=z_hit)
+        z_ok = h._z_for_focus(top + rt.COLLISION_MARGIN_M * 2 - rt.LENSES[3]['wd_m'])
+        h.invoke('focus.move', z_m=z_ok)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.001)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', z_m=h._z_for_focus(h._sample_top_z() + 0.3e-3 - rt.LENSES[3]['wd_m']))
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.set_lift', 'COLLISION_RISK', lift_m=-0.0005)       # raising 0.5 mm would push the sample into the 50x tip
+        h.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.0009)
+        g = ready()
+        g.invoke('sample.provide', **TALL)
+        g.invoke('lens.select', slot=3)
+        settle(g)
+        g.invoke('focus.move', z_m=0.0)
+        settle(g)
+        rejected(g, 'sample.place', 'SAMPLE_TOO_TALL', sample_id='tall', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        g.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.010)
+        settle(g)
+        g.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='tall', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(g, 'sample.place', 'SAMPLE_NOT_ON_BENCH', sample_id='tall', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+
+    def test_sample_and_argument_validation(self):
+        h = configured()
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'UNKNOWN_SUBSTANCE', **dict(AU, sample_id='x', substrate_substance_id='unobtainium'))
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'INVALID_FEATURE', **dict(AU, sample_id='x', features=[dict(GRATING['features'][0], pitch_m=4e-6)]))
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'INVALID_FEATURE', **dict(AU, sample_id='x', features=[dict(kind='cap', substance_id=None, height_m=80e-6, width_m=100e-6,
+                                                                                                  pitch_m=0.0, x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, extent_m=0.001)]))
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **AU)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'SAMPLE_EXISTS', **AU)
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **dict(AU, sample_id='wafer', size_x_m=0.1, size_y_m=0.1))
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'OUTSIDE_PLATE', sample_id='wafer', x_m=0.03, y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'UNKNOWN_SAMPLE', sample_id='nope', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.2, y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move', 'POWER_OFF', x_m=0.01, y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'measurement.configure', 'FILM_INDEX_REQUIRED', **dict(rt.SETTINGS_EXAMPLE, peak_mode='film'))
+        rejected(h, 'measurement.configure', 'SETTING_NOT_FOR_MODE', **dict(rt.SETTINGS_EXAMPLE, mode='focus_variation', double_scan=True))
+        rejected(h, 'measurement.set_z_range', 'INVALID_Z_RANGE', upper_z_m=0.03, lower_z_m=0.02)
+        g = loaded(AU, slot=0)
+        rejected(g, 'focus.auto', 'LENS_NOT_SUPPORTED')                     # the 2.5x lens is for observation only (engineering configuration)
+        g.invoke('lens.select', slot=5)
+        settle(g)
+        g.invoke('measurement.configure', **rt.SETTINGS_EXAMPLE)
+        rejected(g, 'measurement.auto_range', 'LENS_NOT_SUPPORTED')        # laser confocal with the interference objective
+        rejected(g, 'measurement.start', 'LENS_NOT_SUPPORTED')
+        g.invoke('lens.select', slot=1)
+        settle(g)
+        rejected(g, 'measurement.start', 'Z_RANGE_NOT_SET')
+        z = g.z
+        g.invoke('measurement.set_z_range', upper_z_m=z, lower_z_m=z + 1e-7)
+        rejected(g, 'measurement.start', 'Z_RANGE_TOO_SMALL')
+        g.invoke('measurement.configure', **dict(rt.SETTINGS_EXAMPLE, pitch_m=1e-9))
+        g.invoke('measurement.set_z_range', upper_z_m=z, lower_z_m=z + 1e-4)
+        rejected(g, 'measurement.start', 'TOO_MANY_STEPS')
+        g.invoke('focus.move', z_m=0.010)
+        settle(g)
+        g.invoke('measurement.configure', **rt.SETTINGS_EXAMPLE)
+        rejected(g, 'focus.auto', 'NO_SURFACE_FOUND')
+
+
+class ConfocalPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_opaque_step_heights_follow_the_hidden_z_scale(self):
+        for slot in (2, 3):
+            h = loaded(AU, slot=slot)
+            rid, r = measure(h)
+            self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'completed')
+            self.assertGreater(r['valid_fraction'], 0.99)
+            st = step_height(h, rid, [-150e-6, -20e-6], [20e-6, 150e-6])
+            expect = 200e-9 / (1 + h.truth['z_scale'])
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(st, expect, delta=0.04 * expect, msg=rt.LENSES[slot]['label'])
+            self.assertEqual(r['template_source']['substances'], ['au', 'si'])
+            self.assertEqual(r['n_frames'], int(math.floor((r['z_range_m'][1] - r['z_range_m'][0]) / r['pitch_m'] + 1e-9)) + 1)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(r['pitch_m'], rt.axial_fwhm_m(rt.LENSES[slot]['na']) / 5.0, places=15)
+            CHECKS.append(dict(check=f'opaque_step_{rt.LENSES[slot]["label"]}', measured_m=st, expected_m=expect))
+
+    def test_transparent_step_strongest_and_first_peak(self):
+        """A 2 um SiO2 step on Si (resolved at 50x): the SiO2/Si interface reflects ~9x more than the SiO2 top, so the strongest peak is the
+        apparent interface t (1 - 1/n_eff) above the bare Si while the first-peak mode finds the top surface; a 500 nm step is not resolved
+        (apparent separation 0.24 um < axial FWHM 0.34 um) and both modes give the merged peak."""
+        n = rt.nk('sio2_film', rt.LASER_WAVELENGTH_M).real
+        thick = dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='sio2_2um', features=[dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['features'][0], height_m=2.0e-6)])
+        h = loaded(thick, slot=3)
+        sz = 1 + h.truth['z_scale']
+        rid, r = measure(h)
+        s_strong = step_height(h, rid, [-150e-6, -20e-6], [20e-6, 150e-6])
+        rid, r = measure(h, peak_mode='first')
+        s_first = step_height(h, rid, [-150e-6, -20e-6], [20e-6, 150e-6])
+        apparent = 2.0e-6 * (1 - 1 / rt.n_effective(n, 0.95)) / sz
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(s_strong, apparent, delta=0.1 * apparent)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(s_first, 2.0e-6 / sz, delta=0.03 * 2.0e-6)
+        g = loaded(dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE), slot=3)
+        rid, r = measure(g)
+        t_strong = step_height(g, rid, [-150e-6, -20e-6], [20e-6, 150e-6])
+        rid, r = measure(g, peak_mode='first')
+        t_first = step_height(g, rid, [-150e-6, -20e-6], [20e-6, 150e-6])
+        self.assertLess(abs(t_first - t_strong), 40e-9)
+        self.assertLess(t_strong, 0.6 * 500e-9)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='transparent_step', strongest_2um_m=s_strong, first_2um_m=s_first, apparent_interface_m=apparent,
+                           strongest_500nm_m=t_strong, first_500nm_m=t_first))
+
+    def test_film_mode_and_its_resolution_limit(self):
+        h = loaded(PMMA3, slot=3)
+        rid, r = measure(h, peak_mode='film', film_refractive_index=1.49)
+        ft = hmap(r, 'film_thickness_m')
+        self.assertGreater(np.isfinite(ft).mean(), 0.95)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.nanmedian(ft)), 3.0e-6, delta=0.05 * 3.0e-6)
+        g = loaded(PMMA3, slot=2)                                            # 20x: apparent separation 1.95 um, axial FWHM 2.06 um
+        rid, r = measure(g, peak_mode='film', film_refractive_index=1.49)
+        self.assertLess(np.isfinite(hmap(r, 'film_thickness_m')).mean(), 0.2)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='confocal_film_mode', median_50x_m=float(np.nanmedian(ft))))
+
+    def test_numerical_aperture_limits_measurable_slopes(self):
+        lens = dict(sample_id='microlens', substrate_substance_id='sio2_fused', thickness_m=0.001, size_x_m=0.010, size_y_m=0.010,
+                    features=[dict(kind='cap', substance_id='sio2_fused', height_m=60e-6, width_m=600e-6, pitch_m=0.0, x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, extent_m=0.001)],
+                    film=None, roughness=dict(sq_m=1e-9, correlation_length_m=3e-6), tilt_x_rad=0.0, tilt_y_rad=0.0)
+        h = loaded(lens, slot=1)                                             # 10x NA 0.30: slopes above 17.5 deg return no specular light
+        rid, r = measure(h, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+        R = (0.3e-3 ** 2 + 60e-6 ** 2) / (2 * 60e-6)
+        ring = math.pi * ((0.3e-3) ** 2 - (R * 0.30) ** 2)
+        fov = r['fov_m'][0] * r['fov_m'][1]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(1 - r['valid_fraction'], ring / fov, delta=0.5 * ring / fov)
+        g = loaded(lens, slot=3)                                             # 50x NA 0.95 sees the centre of the cap completely
+        rid, r = measure(g, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+        self.assertGreater(r['valid_fraction'], 0.99)
+
+    def test_double_scan_recovers_dark_steep_pixels(self):
+        wavy = dict(sample_id='wavy', substrate_substance_id='si', thickness_m=5.25e-4, size_x_m=0.010, size_y_m=0.010,
+                    features=[dict(kind='sine', substance_id=None, height_m=36e-6, width_m=1e-6, pitch_m=200e-6, x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, extent_m=0.008)],
+                    film=None, roughness=dict(sq_m=10e-9, correlation_length_m=1e-6), tilt_x_rad=0.0, tilt_y_rad=0.0)
+        vf = {}
+        for ds in (False, True):
+            h = loaded(wavy, slot=1)
+            rid, r = measure(h, double_scan=ds, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k not in ('mode', 'double_scan')})
+            vf[ds] = r['valid_fraction']
+            n = int(math.floor((r['z_range_m'][1] - r['z_range_m'][0]) / r['pitch_m'] + 1e-9)) + 1
+            self.assertEqual(r['n_frames'], n * (2 if ds else 1))
+        self.assertLess(vf[False], 0.9)
+        self.assertGreater(vf[True], vf[False] + 0.05)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='double_scan', valid_single=vf[False], valid_double=vf[True]))
+
+    def test_z_and_xy_calibration_with_standards(self):
+        h = loaded(STEP_STD, slot=3)
+        rid, r = measure(h)
+        raw = step_height(h, rid, [-180e-6, -60e-6], [60e-6, 180e-6])
+        cal = h.invoke('calibration.z_scale', record_id=rid, certified_height_m=1.803e-6, axis='x', lower=[-180e-6, -60e-6], upper=[60e-6, 180e-6])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(cal['factor'], 1.803e-6 / raw, delta=0.01)
+        vals = []
+        for _ in range(3):
+            op = h.invoke('measurement.start')['operation_id']
+            wait(h, op)
+            vals.append(step_height(h, h.operations[op]['record_id'], [-180e-6, -60e-6], [60e-6, 180e-6]))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.mean(vals)), 1.803e-6, delta=0.01 * 1.803e-6)
+        g = loaded(GRATING, slot=3)
+        rid, r = measure(g)
+        c = g.invoke('calibration.xy_scale', record_id=rid, certified_pitch_m=10e-6, axis='x')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c['factor'], 1.0 + g.truth['xy_scale']['obj_50x'], delta=1.5e-3)       # the real pixel is (1 + e) x nominal
+        self.assertEqual(g.read()['calibration.xy_scale']['obj_50x'], c['factor'])
+        rid2, r2 = measure(g, autofocus=False)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r2['pixel_pitch_m'][0], r['pixel_pitch_m'][0] * c['factor'], places=15)
+        rejected(g, 'calibration.xy_scale', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', record_id='HM9999', certified_pitch_m=10e-6, axis='x')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='calibration', z_factor=cal['factor'], z_after_m=float(np.mean(vals)), xy_factor=c['factor']))
+
+    def test_stitching_and_150x(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=2)
+        prepare(h, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+        x0 = h.stage['x']
+        op = h.invoke('measurement.stitch', nx=3, ny=2, overlap=0.2)['operation_id']
+        h.step(1.0 + 0.001)
+        self.assertEqual(h.op['phase'], 'xy')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['stage.moving'])
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+        r = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        fx, fy = rt.fov_m(20.0, 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['fov_m'][0], fx * (1 + 2 * 0.8) * h.cal['xy']['obj_20x'], delta=0.02 * fx)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['fov_m'][1], fy * (1 + 1 * 0.8) * h.cal['xy']['obj_20x'], delta=0.02 * fy)
+        self.assertGreater(r['valid_fraction'], 0.99)
+        self.assertEqual(h.stage['x'], x0)
+        self.assertEqual(r['kind'], 'stitched_map')
+        st = h.invoke('data.step_height', record_id=r['record_id'], axis='x', lower=None, upper=None, leveling='none')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['step_height_m'], 200e-9 / (1 + h.truth['z_scale']), delta=20e-9)
+        g = loaded(AU, slot=4)
+        rid, r = measure(g, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['fov_m'][0], rt.fov_m(150.0, 1.0)[0], delta=0.01 * rt.fov_m(150.0, 1.0)[0])
+        self.assertGreater(r['valid_fraction'], 0.99)
+
+
+class OtherPrinciples(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_focus_variation_needs_texture(self):
+        h = loaded(STEEL, slot=1)
+        rid, r = measure(h, mode='focus_variation')
+        self.assertGreater(r['valid_fraction'], 0.98)
+        depth = step_height(h, rid, [-25e-6, 25e-6], [350e-6, 800e-6])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(depth, 5e-6 / (1 + h.truth['z_scale']), delta=0.05 * 5e-6)
+        self.assertIsNone(r['gain'])
+        g = loaded(PMMA3, slot=2)                                            # smooth film on smooth aluminium: no texture, no focus-variation data
+        rid, r = measure(g, mode='focus_variation')
+        self.assertLess(r['valid_fraction'], 0.02)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='focus_variation_groove', depth_m=depth))
+
+    def test_white_light_interferometry_phase_change_on_reflection(self):
+        au = dict(AU, sample_id='au_on_si', features=[dict(AU['features'][0], height_m=50e-9)], roughness=dict(sq_m=0.3e-9, correlation_length_m=3e-6))
+        h = loaded(au, slot=5)
+        rid, r = measure(h, mode='white_light_interferometry')
+        self.assertGreater(r['valid_fraction'], 0.99)
+        self.assertEqual(r['pitch_m'], rt.WLI_LAMBDA0_M / 8)
+        st = step_height(h, rid, [-300e-6, -40e-6], [40e-6, 300e-6])
+        expect = (50e-9 + pcor_offset('au', 'si')) / (1 + h.truth['z_scale'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st, expect, delta=3e-9)
+        self.assertLess(st, 40e-9)                                           # Au reads ~30 nm low against Si
+        rg = h.invoke('data.roughness', record_id=rid, region=dict(x0_m=-300e-6, y0_m=-200e-6, x1_m=-40e-6, y1_m=200e-6), leveling='plane', s_filter_m=None,
+                      l_filter_m=None, profile_axis='x', lambda_c_m=None)
+        self.assertLess(rg['areal']['sq_m'], 0.5e-9)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='wli_pcor', step_m=st, expected_m=expect))
+
+    def test_spectral_film_thickness(self):
+        h = loaded(PMMA3, slot=1)                                      # 10x: top and interface both inside the axial response
+        wait(h, h.invoke('focus.auto')['operation_id'])
+        op = h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al')['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+        f = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['film']
+        self.assertTrue(f['in_range'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(f['thickness_m'], 3.0e-6, delta=0.006 * 3.0e-6)       # documented accuracy +-0.6 %
+        self.assertEqual(len(f['wavelength_m']), len(f['reflectance']))
+        self.assertTrue(4.0e-7 < f['wavelength_m'][0] < f['wavelength_m'][-1] < 8.0e-7)   # SI
+        op = h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id='ps', substrate_substance_id='al')['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        wrong = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['film']['thickness_m']
+        n_pmma, n_ps = rt.nk('pmma', 600e-9).real, rt.nk('ps', 600e-9).real
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(wrong, 3.0e-6 * n_pmma / n_ps, delta=0.02 * 3.0e-6)   # the optical thickness is what the spectrum fixes
+        thick = dict(PMMA3, sample_id='thick', film=dict(substance_id='pmma', thickness_m=9.0e-6))
+        g = loaded(thick, slot=1)
+        wait(g, g.invoke('focus.auto')['operation_id'])
+        op = g.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al')['operation_id']
+        wait(g, op)
+        rec = g.records[g.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertIsNone(rec['film']['thickness_m'])
+        self.assertEqual(rec['valid_fraction'], 0.0)
+        rejected(g, 'film.measure', 'UNKNOWN_SUBSTANCE', film_substance_id='nope', substrate_substance_id='al')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='spectral_film', thickness_m=f['thickness_m'], wrong_material_m=wrong))
+
+    def test_autofocus_locks_onto_the_brighter_buried_interface(self):
+        thick = dict(PMMA3, sample_id='pmma10', film=dict(substance_id='pmma', thickness_m=10.0e-6))
+        h = loaded(thick, slot=2)
+        op = h.invoke('focus.auto')['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        n = rt.nk('pmma', rt.LASER_WAVELENGTH_M).real
+        err = h.read('evaluator')['truth.focus_error_m']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(err, -10e-6 / rt.n_effective(n, 0.46), delta=0.2 * rt.axial_fwhm_m(0.46) + 0.3e-6)
+
+
+class FaultsCancelAndPower(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_laser_failure_during_a_measurement(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=2)
+        prepare(h)
+        op = h.invoke('measurement.start')['operation_id']
+        h.step(1.05)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['laser.on'])
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='laser_failure', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'failed')
+        r = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['reason'], r['height_m']), ('failed', 'LASER_FAULT', None))
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['laser.on'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'LASER_FAULT')
+        rejected(h, 'system.acknowledge', 'CAUSE_PERSISTS')
+        rejected(h, 'measurement.start', 'ERROR_PENDING')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='laser_failure', active=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('system.acknowledge')['cleared'], 'LASER_FAULT')
+        h.invoke('measurement.start')
+
+    def test_stage_disconnection_and_revolver_jam(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=1)
+        prepare(h, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+        op = h.invoke('measurement.stitch', nx=2, ny=2, overlap=0.2)['operation_id']
+        h.step(1.001)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='stage_disconnected', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['reason'], 'STAGE_FAULT')
+        self.assertFalse(h._stage_moving())
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['panel.stage_lamp'])
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='stage_disconnected', active=False)
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        g = loaded(AU, slot=1)
+        g.invoke('lens.select', slot=4)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        g.invoke('fault.inject', fault='revolver_jam', active=True)
+        rev = g.rev
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.rev, rev)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read()['head.objective'])
+        rejected(g, 'lens.select', 'ERROR_PENDING', slot=1)
+        g.invoke('fault.inject', fault='revolver_jam', active=False)
+        g.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        g.invoke('lens.select', slot=4)
+        settle(g)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read()['head.objective'], '150x')
+
+    def test_vibration_adds_scan_noise(self):
+        sq = {}
+        for vib in (False, True):
+            flat = dict(AU, sample_id='flat', features=[], roughness=dict(sq_m=0.2e-9, correlation_length_m=5e-6))
+            h = loaded(flat, slot=3)
+            prepare(h)
+            if vib:
+                h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vibration', active=True)
+            rid, r = measure(h, autofocus=False)
+            sq[vib] = h.invoke('data.roughness', record_id=rid, region=None, leveling='plane', s_filter_m=None, l_filter_m=None, profile_axis='x',
+                               lambda_c_m=None)['areal']['sq_m']
+        self.assertGreater(sq[True], 1.5 * sq[False])
+
+    def test_power_loss_and_cancel_keep_the_remnants(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=2)
+        prepare(h)
+        op = h.invoke('measurement.start')['operation_id']
+        h.step(1.2)
+        z = h.z
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['reason'], 'POWER_OFF')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.z, z)
+        g = loaded(AU, slot=2)
+        prepare(g)
+        g.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = g.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=g.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.start', arguments={}, request_id='m1')
+        g.step(1.2)
+        z = g.z
+        c = s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(c['result']['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1'), c)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c2')
+        rec = g.records[g.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['reason'], rec['height_m']), ('cancelled', 'USER_CANCEL', None))
+        g.step(3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.z, z)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read()['laser.on'])
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['status'], 'cancelled')
+
+
+class LedgersIsolationSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_ledgers_close(self):
+        h = loaded(dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE), slot=3)
+        rid, r = measure(h)
+        L = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['laser_energy_j'], rt.LASER_MAX_W * L['laser_on_s'], delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['energy_to_sample_j'], rt.OPTICS_TRANSMISSION * L['laser_energy_j'], delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['energy_residual_j']), 1e-12 * max(L['energy_to_sample_j'], 1e-30))
+        self.assertGreater(L['energy_transmitted_j'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(L['frames'], r['n_frames'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['laser_on_s'], r['n_frames'] * h._frame_s('laser_confocal') + rt.AUTORANGE_S, delta=1e-6)   # scan + laser pre-scan
+        before = h.ledger()['stage_travel_m']
+        h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.003, y_m=-0.004)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['stage_travel_m'] - before, 0.007, places=12)
+
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = loaded(AU, slot=1), loaded(AU, slot=1)
+        b2 = copy.deepcopy(b.read('evaluator'))
+        a.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.01, y_m=0.0)
+        a.step(3.0)
+        a.invoke('fault.inject', fault='laser_failure', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(_changed(b.read('evaluator'), b2))
+        c = loaded(AU, slot=1, seed=2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(c.truth['z_scale'], a.truth['z_scale'])
+
+    def test_agent_does_not_see_truth_faults_or_templates(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=2)
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('judge', 'evaluator')
+        s, e = h.session('agent'), h.session('judge')
+        obs = s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        self.assertTrue([k for k in e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations'] if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['truth.focus_error_m'])
+        d = s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertNotIn('fault.inject', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.samples', d['state_slots'])
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='fault.inject', arguments=dict(fault='vibration', active=True), request_id='f1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='fault.inject', arguments=dict(fault='vibration', active=True), request_id='f1')
+        ev = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e1')['result']['events']
+        self.assertFalse([x for x in ev if x['kind'] == 'fault'])
+        prepare(h)
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.start', arguments={}, request_id='m1')
+        wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        rid = h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        res = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='r1')['result']
+        self.assertEqual(res['template_source']['substances'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['result']['template_source']['substances'], [])
+        full = e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertEqual(full['result.last_record_id']['value'], rid)
+        self.assertEqual(s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'], rid)
+
+    def test_records_and_control_belong_to_their_agent(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=2)
+        prepare(h, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.start', arguments={}, request_id='m1')
+        h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(s2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['measurement.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(s2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['measurement.id']['value'])
+        x = s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stage.move', arguments=dict(x_m=0.001, y_m=0.0), request_id='s1')
+        self.assertEqual(x['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s2.poll(r['operation_id'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s2.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+        wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        rid = h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        for cap, args in (('measurement.result', dict(record_id=rid)), ('data.profile', dict(record_id=rid, start_m=[0.0, 0.0], end_m=[1e-4, 0.0], points=5))):
+            self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='q' + cap)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertNotIn(rid, s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='l1')['result']['records'])
+        self.assertIsNone(s2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'])
+        self.assertEqual(s1.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'], rid)
+        a = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stage.move', arguments=dict(x_m=0.001, y_m=0.0), request_id='s9')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stage.move', arguments=dict(x_m=0.001, y_m=0.0), request_id='s9'), a)
+        c = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stage.move', arguments=dict(x_m=0.002, y_m=0.0), request_id='s9')
+        self.assertEqual(c['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id='other', capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='z')['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+
+    def test_queries_bookkeeping_and_records_full(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=1)
+        p = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual(p['substances'], len(rt.library()['meta']['substances']))
+        ev = h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']
+        self.assertIn('SAMPLE_PLACED', [e['code'] for e in ev])
+        rid, r = measure(h, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+        for i in range(rt.MAX_RECORDS - 1):
+            h.records[f'X{i:04d}'] = dict(copy.deepcopy(r), record_id=f'X{i:04d}', finished_s=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'measurement.start', 'RECORDS_FULL')
+        rejected(h, 'film.measure', 'RECORDS_FULL', film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al')
+        self.assertIn(rid, h.invoke('records.list')['records'])
+
+
+class RemainingCapabilities(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_zoom_go_to_profile_remove_and_host_step(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=2)
+        fx1 = h.read()['optics.fov_m'][0]
+        out = h.invoke('zoom.set', zoom=2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['fov_m'][0], fx1 / 2, places=15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['optics.total_magnification'], 2 * rt.total_magnification(20.0, 1.0), places=6)
+        rid, r = measure(h, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['fov_m'][0], fx1 / 2 * h.cal['xy']['obj_20x'], delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertEqual(r['zoom'], 2.0)
+        prof = h.invoke('data.profile', record_id=rid, start_m=[-150e-6, 0.0], end_m=[150e-6, 0.0], points=61)
+        z = np.array([v if v is not None else np.nan for v in prof['height_m']])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(prof['distance_m'][-1], 300e-6, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.nanmedian(z[-15:]) - np.nanmedian(z[:15])), 200e-9 / (1 + h.truth['z_scale']), delta=20e-9)
+        h.invoke('zoom.set', zoom=1.0)
+        s = dict(AU, sample_id='offset', features=[])
+        h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='au_step')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['sample.bench_ids'], ['au_step'])
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **s)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='offset', x_m=0.012, y_m=-0.006)
+        out = h.invoke('stage.go_to', position='sample_center')
+        self.assertEqual(out['target_m'], [-0.012, 0.006])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], 0.012 / rt.STAGE_SPEED_M_S, places=12)
+        t0 = h.t
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=out['duration_s'])['time_s'], t0 + out['duration_s'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.position_label'], 'sample_center')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.surface_z_on_axis_m'], rt.SAMPLE_PLATE_Z + h.lift + AU['thickness_m'], delta=5e-9)
+        out = h.invoke('stage.go_to', position='load')
+        self.assertEqual(out['target_m'], [0.0, -rt.MOTORIZED_XY_M[1] / 2])
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.position_label'], 'load')
+        h.invoke('stage.go_to', position='center')
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertEqual((h.stage['x'], h.stage['y']), (0.0, 0.0))
+        h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='offset')
+        rejected(h, 'stage.go_to', 'NO_SAMPLE', position='sample_center')
+        rejected(h, 'sample.remove', 'SAMPLE_NOT_ON_STAGE', sample_id='offset')
+
+
+class RuntimeReviewRound1Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_F01_focus_variation_and_wli_need_the_surface_inside_the_scan_range(self):
+        for sample, slot, mode in ((STEEL, 1, 'focus_variation'), (dict(AU, sample_id='au_wli'), 5, 'white_light_interferometry')):
+            h = loaded(sample, slot=slot)
+            rid, r = measure(h, mode=mode)
+            self.assertGreater(r['valid_fraction'], 0.98, mode)
+            up, low = h.z_range
+            h.invoke('measurement.set_z_range', upper_z_m=up - 0.002, lower_z_m=low - 0.002)       # 2 mm above the surface
+            rid, r = measure(h, mode=mode, autofocus=False)
+            self.assertEqual(r['valid_fraction'], 0.0, mode)
+
+    def test_F02_film_thickness_needs_the_spot_in_focus(self):
+        h = loaded(PMMA3, slot=3)
+        wait(h, h.invoke('focus.auto')['operation_id'])
+        op = h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al')['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        f = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['film']
+        self.assertGreater(max(f['collected_fraction'], f['collected_fraction_interface']), 0.9)   # autofocus locks onto the brighter interface
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(f['thickness_m'], 3.0e-6, delta=0.006 * 3.0e-6)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', z_m=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        op = h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al')['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertLess(max(rec['film']['collected_fraction'], rec['film']['collected_fraction_interface']), rt.FILM_MIN_SIGNAL)
+        self.assertIsNone(rec['film']['thickness_m'])
+        self.assertIn('失焦', rec['note_zh'])
+
+    def test_F14_the_two_film_beams_couple_separately(self):
+        h = loaded(PMMA3, slot=3)                                      # 50x: the two planes are 1.7 um apart, the axial response is 0.4 um wide
+        top = h._surface_z_at(*h._axis_in_sample())
+        interface = top - 3.0e-6 / rt.n_effective(rt.nk('pmma', 600e-9).real, 0.95)
+        for label, zf in (('top', top), ('interface', interface), ('midway', 0.5 * (top + interface))):
+            h.invoke('focus.move', z_m=h._z_for_focus(zf))
+            settle(h)
+            op = h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al')['operation_id']
+            wait(h, op)
+            f = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['film']
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(f['thickness_m'], 3.0e-6, delta=0.01 * 3.0e-6, msg=label)     # fringe positions keep the thickness
+            if label == 'top':
+                self.assertGreater(f['collected_fraction'], 0.9); self.assertLess(f['collected_fraction_interface'], 0.05)
+            elif label == 'interface':
+                self.assertLess(f['collected_fraction'], 0.05); self.assertGreater(f['collected_fraction_interface'], 0.9)
+            else:
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(f['collected_fraction'], f['collected_fraction_interface'], delta=0.02)
+
+    def test_F15_opaque_films_give_no_thickness(self):
+        for sample, fid, sid in ((dict(STEP_STD, sample_id='cr_film', features=[]), 'cr', 'sio2_fused'),
+                                 (dict(AU, sample_id='au_film', features=[], film=dict(substance_id='au', thickness_m=100e-9)), 'au', 'si')):
+            h = loaded(sample, slot=2)
+            wait(h, h.invoke('focus.auto')['operation_id'])
+            op = h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id=fid, substrate_substance_id=sid)['operation_id']
+            wait(h, op)
+            rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+            self.assertIsNone(rec['film']['thickness_m'], fid)
+            self.assertIn('不透明', rec['note_zh'])
+
+    def test_F16_no_fringes_no_thickness(self):
+        for sample, fid, sid in ((dict(STEP_STD, sample_id='bare_fs', features=[], film=None), 'sio2_film', 'sio2_fused'),   # index-matched: no fringes
+                                 (dict(PMMA3, sample_id='bare_al', film=None), 'pmma', 'al'),
+                                 (dict(AU, sample_id='bulk_au', substrate_substance_id='au', features=[]), 'pmma', 'au')):
+            h = loaded(sample, slot=2)
+            wait(h, h.invoke('focus.auto')['operation_id'])
+            for _ in range(4):
+                op = h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id=fid, substrate_substance_id=sid)['operation_id']
+                wait(h, op)
+                rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+                self.assertIsNone(rec['film']['thickness_m'], sample['sample_id'])
+                self.assertIn('没有膜干涉条纹', rec['note_zh'])
+                self.assertLess(rec['film']['gain_over_bare_substrate'], rt.FILM_BARE_GAIN)
+        h = loaded(PMMA3, slot=2)                                        # a real film clears both tests by a wide margin
+        wait(h, h.invoke('focus.auto')['operation_id'])
+        op = h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al')['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        f = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['film']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(f['thickness_m'], 3.0e-6, delta=0.006 * 3.0e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(f['fringe_to_noise'], 10 * rt.FILM_FRINGE_SNR)
+        self.assertGreater(f['gain_over_bare_substrate'], 5 * rt.FILM_BARE_GAIN)
+        self.assertTrue(all(0.0 <= w <= rt.FILM_GAIN_MAX for w in f['fit_collected_fractions']))
+
+    def test_F17_black_sample_plate_gives_no_film(self):
+        small = dict(PMMA3, sample_id='off_axis', film=None)
+        for slot in (1, 2):
+            h = loaded(small, slot=slot, x=0.02)                          # the optical axis sees the black anodised plate, 15 mm beside the sample
+            h.invoke('focus.move', z_m=h._z_for_focus(rt.SAMPLE_PLATE_Z + h.lift))
+            settle(h)
+            for fid, sid in (('sio2_film', 'sio2_fused'), ('pmma', 'sio2_fused'), ('sio2_film', 'caf2')):
+                op = h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id=fid, substrate_substance_id=sid)['operation_id']
+                wait(h, op)
+                rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+                self.assertGreater(rec['film']['collected_fraction'], 0.9)          # in focus on the plate: the no-fringe test decides, not the signal
+                self.assertIsNone(rec['film']['thickness_m'], (slot, fid, sid))
+                self.assertIn('没有膜干涉条纹', rec['note_zh'])
+
+    def test_F18_thin_film_beams_follow_one_focus_offset(self):
+        thin = dict(PMMA3, sample_id='pmma110', film=dict(substance_id='pmma', thickness_m=110e-9))
+        h = loaded(thin, slot=3)
+        wait(h, h.invoke('focus.auto')['operation_id'])
+        for _ in range(6):
+            op = h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al')['operation_id']
+            wait(h, op)
+            f = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['film']
+            # a thin film gives less than one fringe in the band: noise-limited to about 0.3-0.6 nm (sigma) at 50x, well above the 0.1 nm typical value
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(f['thickness_m'], 110e-9, delta=0.02 * 110e-9)
+            w_top, w_int = f['fit_collected_fractions']
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(w_top, w_int, delta=0.1)                 # both planes lie well inside the 50x axial response
+
+    def test_F03_collision_checks_use_the_target_of_a_rising_lift(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=3)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.003)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=0.0)                       # rising again
+        h.step(0.2)
+        top_final = rt.SAMPLE_PLATE_Z + AU['thickness_m'] + rt.sample_extremes(h.samples['au_step'])[0]
+        z_bad = h._z_for_focus(top_final + 0.5 * rt.COLLISION_MARGIN_M - rt.LENSES[3]['wd_m'])
+        rejected(h, 'focus.move', 'COLLISION_RISK', z_m=z_bad)
+        g = loaded(AU, slot=1)
+        g.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.003)
+        settle(g)
+        g.invoke('focus.move', z_m=g._z_for_focus(g._sample_top_z() + 2.0e-3 - rt.LENSES[3]['wd_m']))    # a 50x would clear the lowered top by 2 mm
+        settle(g)
+        g.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=0.0)
+        g.step(0.2)
+        self.assertLess(g.invoke('lens.select', slot=3)['z_retract_m'], 0.0)             # retracts for the lift target, not the current lift
+        k = loaded(AU, slot=1)
+        k.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='au_step')
+        k.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.003)
+        settle(k)
+        k.invoke('focus.move', z_m=k._z_for_focus(rt.SAMPLE_PLATE_Z - 0.003 + TALL['thickness_m'] + 2.5e-3 - rt.LENSES[1]['wd_m']))
+        settle(k)
+        k.invoke('sample.provide', **TALL)
+        k.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=0.0)
+        k.step(0.2)
+        rejected(k, 'sample.place', 'SAMPLE_TOO_TALL', sample_id='tall', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)    # fits now, not once the lift is up
+
+    def test_F04_lens_change_protects_every_objective_swept_through_the_axis(self):
+        tall = dict(AU, sample_id='tall_step', features=[dict(AU['features'][0], height_m=0.45e-3)])
+        h = loaded(tall, slot=1)
+        h.invoke('lens.select', slot=2)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', z_m=h._z_for_focus(h._sample_top_z() + 1.2e-3 - rt.LENSES[2]['wd_m']))
+        settle(h)
+        out = h.invoke('lens.select', slot=5)                        # 20x -> 20x DI sweeps the 50x and the 150x through the axis
+        self.assertLess(out['z_retract_m'], 0.0)
+        z_safe = h.z + out['z_retract_m']
+        for L in (rt.LENSES[3], rt.LENSES[4]):
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(h._tip_z(L, z_safe) - h._sample_top_z(), rt.SAFE_TIP_CLEARANCE_M - 1e-9)
+
+    def test_F05_stitching_in_y_moves_the_y_stage_and_is_declared(self):
+        self.assertTrue({'stage.y_m', 'stage.y_indicated_m'} <= set(rt.ON_STEP['measurement.stitch']))
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=3)
+        prepare(h, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+        op = h.invoke('measurement.stitch', nx=1, ny=2, overlap=0.2)['operation_id']
+        ys = set()
+        while h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'running':
+            h.step(0.05)
+            ys.add(round(h.stage['y'], 9))
+        self.assertGreater(len(ys), 2)
+
+    def test_F06_related_model_sources_are_cited(self):
+        m = _meta()['capabilities']
+        for k in ('measurement.configure', 'measurement.start'):
+            self.assertIn('related_vk_x250k', rt.CAP_SOURCES[k])
+            self.assertIn('related_vk_x1000', rt.CAP_SOURCES[k])
+        self.assertIn('related_vk_x250k', rt.CAP_SOURCES['measurement.auto_range'])
+        self.assertIn('VK-X250K', ''.join(rt.CAP_LIMITS['measurement.start']))
+        self.assertTrue(m['measurement.start'])
+
+    def test_F07_histogram_step_with_plane_levelling(self):
+        for tx, ty in ((0.0, 0.0), (-0.003, 0.001), (0.0, 0.003)):          # tilts larger than the step (0.8-1.1 um over the field)
+            h = loaded(dict(AU, sample_id='tilted', tilt_x_rad=tx, tilt_y_rad=ty), slot=3)
+            rid, r = measure(h)
+            st = h.invoke('data.step_height', record_id=rid, axis='x', lower=None, upper=None, leveling='plane')['step_height_m']
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(st, 200e-9 / (1 + h.truth['z_scale']), delta=12e-9, msg=(tx, ty))
+
+    def test_F08_vibration_affects_focus_variation_and_wli(self):
+        for sample, slot, mode in ((STEEL, 2, 'focus_variation'), (dict(AU, sample_id='flat_wli', features=[], roughness=dict(sq_m=0.2e-9, correlation_length_m=5e-6)), 5,
+                                                                  'white_light_interferometry')):
+            sq = {}
+            for vib in (False, True):
+                h = loaded(sample, slot=slot)
+                prepare(h, mode=mode)
+                if vib:
+                    h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vibration', active=True)
+                rid, r = measure(h, mode=mode, autofocus=False)
+                sq[vib] = h.invoke('data.roughness', record_id=rid, region=None, leveling='plane', s_filter_m=None, l_filter_m=None, profile_axis='x',
+                                   lambda_c_m=None)['areal']['sq_m']
+            self.assertGreater(sq[True], sq[False], mode)
+
+    def test_F09_engineering_constants_are_declared_parameters(self):
+        params = _meta()['mechanisms']['vk_x3000_profiler']['parameters']
+        for k in ('pixel_z_noise_m', 'pinhole_v', 'side_lobe_margin', 'same_peak_fwhm', 'valid_peak', 'aag_target', 'double_scan_gain', 'z_repeat_m',
+                  'fv_texture_ref_m', 'film_noise_rel', 'film_band_m'):
+            self.assertEqual(params[k]['evidence'], 'assumption', k)
+        self.assertNotIn('parfocal_m', params)
+
+    def test_F10_displayed_result_of_another_agent_is_hidden(self):
+        h = loaded(PMMA3, slot=3)
+        wait(h, h.invoke('focus.auto')['operation_id'])
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='film.measure', arguments=dict(film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al'), request_id='f1')
+        wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(s1.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_value']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(s2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_value']['value'])
+
+    def test_F11_laser_pre_scan_of_the_automatic_limits(self):
+        h = loaded(AU, slot=3)
+        h.invoke('measurement.configure', **rt.SETTINGS_EXAMPLE)
+        before = h.ledger()['laser_on_s']
+        op = h.invoke('measurement.auto_range')['operation_id']
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['laser.on'])
+        wait(h, op)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['laser_on_s'] - before, rt.AUTORANGE_S, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.ledger()['energy_residual_j']), 1e-15)
+
+    def test_F12_opaque_top_materials_absorb(self):
+        h = loaded(STEP_STD, slot=3)
+        measure(h)
+        L = h.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(L['energy_transmitted_j'], 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(L['energy_absorbed_j'], 0.0)
+        g = loaded(dict(AU, sample_id='silica', substrate_substance_id='sio2_fused', features=[]), slot=3)
+        measure(g)
+        self.assertGreater(g.ledger()['energy_transmitted_j'], 0.9 * g.ledger()['energy_to_sample_j'])
+
+    def test_power_button_toggles(self):
+        h = configured()
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('power.press_button'), dict(enabled=True, state='booting'))
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('power.press_button'), dict(enabled=False, state='off'))
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0))
+        rejected(h, 'power.press_button', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects (scenario states)
+_SC = {}
+_SETTINGS = [dict(FAST), dict(rt.SETTINGS_EXAMPLE, mode='focus_variation'), dict(FAST, peak_mode='film', film_refractive_index=1.49),
+             dict(FAST, double_scan=True)]
+
+
+def _into(h, phase, frac=0.5):
+    """Advance event-exactly to the next programme item of the given phase and then to `frac` of its duration."""
+    for _ in range(200):
+        o = h.op
+        assert o is not None, phase
+        end = o['ends'][o['i']]
+        if o['phase'] == phase:
+            h.step(max(0.0, (end - h.t) * frac))
+            return h
+        h.step(max(0.0, end - h.t) + 1e-9)
+    raise AssertionError(phase)
+
+
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return rt.KeyenceVkx3000Runtime()
+    if name == 'off':
+        h = configured()
+        for s in (AU, TALL, PMMA3):
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', **s)
+        return h
+    if name == 'booting':
+        h = _scenario('off')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'ready':
+        h = _scenario('booting')
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S)
+        return h
+    if name == 'loaded':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='au_step', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('lens.select', slot=1)
+        settle(h)
+        return focus_near(h)
+    if name == 'focused':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        return prepare(h, **{k: v for k, v in FAST.items() if k != 'mode'})
+    if name == 'stage_moving':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.002, y_m=0.001)
+        h.step(0.05)
+        return h
+    if name == 'z_moving':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('focus.move', z_m=h.z - 0.002)
+        h.step(0.1)
+        return h
+    if name == 'lens_retracting':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('lens.select', slot=3)
+        h.step(0.02)
+        assert h._z_moving()
+        return h
+    if name == 'revolver_turning':
+        h = _scenario('lens_retracting')
+        while h._z_moving():
+            h.step(0.05)
+        h.step(0.3)
+        assert not h._revolver_settled()
+        return h
+    if name == 'lifting':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.004)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'unpowered_loaded':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'unpowered_lifting':
+        h = _scenario('unpowered_loaded')
+        h.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.004)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'autofocusing':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('focus.move', z_m=h.z - 2e-4)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('focus.auto')
+        h.step(0.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'autofocus_moving':
+        h = _scenario('autofocusing')
+        return _into(h, 'z')
+    if name == 'auto_ranging':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('measurement.auto_range')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'measure_overhead':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('measurement.start')
+        h.step(0.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'measuring':
+        h = _scenario('measure_overhead')
+        return _into(h, 'scan')
+    if name == 'measure_returning':
+        h = _scenario('measuring')
+        _into(h, 'z')
+        return h
+    if name == 'measured':
+        h = _scenario('measuring')
+        settle(h)
+        return h
+    if name == 'fv_measuring':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('measurement.configure', **dict(rt.SETTINGS_EXAMPLE, mode='focus_variation'))
+        h.invoke('measurement.start')
+        return _into(h, 'scan')
+    if name == 'double_scanning':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('measurement.configure', **dict(FAST, double_scan=True))
+        h.invoke('measurement.start')
+        return _into(h, 'scan')
+    if name == 'stitching':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('measurement.stitch', nx=2, ny=1, overlap=0.2)
+        return _into(h, 'xy')
+    if name == 'stitch_scanning':
+        h = _scenario('stitching')
+        _into(h, 'scan')
+        return h
+    if name == 'film_measuring':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('film.measure', film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al')
+        h.step(0.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'laser_fault':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='laser_failure', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'laser_fault_cleared':
+        h = _scenario('laser_fault')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='laser_failure', active=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'stage_fault':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='stage_disconnected', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'revolver_jammed':
+        h = _scenario('revolver_turning')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='revolver_jam', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'vibration_measuring':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vibration', active=True)
+        h.invoke('measurement.start')
+        _into(h, 'scan')
+        return h
+    if name == 'mains_fault':
+        h = _scenario('focused')
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0))
+        return h
+    if name == 'mains_restored':
+        h = _scenario('mains_fault')
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE))
+        return h
+    if name == 'tall_lowered':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('stage.set_lift', lift_m=-0.012)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='tall', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'film_sample_50x':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='pmma_al', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('lens.select', slot=3)
+        settle(h)
+        focus_near(h, above=2e-5)
+        return prepare(h, peak_mode='film', film_refractive_index=1.49, quality='high_speed')
+    if name == 'wli_ready':
+        h = _scenario('loaded')
+        h.invoke('lens.select', slot=5)
+        settle(h)
+        focus_near(h, above=2e-5)
+        return prepare(h, mode='white_light_interferometry')
+    if name == 'wli_measuring':
+        h = _scenario('wli_ready')
+        h.invoke('measurement.start')
+        return _into(h, 'scan')
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'booting', 'ready', 'loaded', 'focused', 'stage_moving', 'z_moving', 'lens_retracting', 'revolver_turning', 'lifting',
+             'unpowered_loaded', 'unpowered_lifting', 'autofocusing', 'autofocus_moving', 'auto_ranging', 'measure_overhead', 'measuring', 'measure_returning',
+             'measured', 'fv_measuring', 'double_scanning', 'stitching', 'stitch_scanning', 'film_measuring', 'laser_fault', 'laser_fault_cleared',
+             'stage_fault', 'revolver_jammed', 'vibration_measuring', 'mains_fault', 'mains_restored', 'tall_lowered', 'film_sample_50x', 'wli_ready',
+             'wli_measuring']
+STEP_DTS = (0.4, 1.0, 3.0, 15.0, 120.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(room_k=300.15, mains_voltage_v=60.0, relative_humidity=0.5, noise_seed=1)],
+        'sample.provide': [dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='new')],
+        'sample.place': [dict(sample_id='au_step', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0), dict(sample_id='pmma_al', x_m=0.01, y_m=-0.005)],
+        'sample.remove': [dict(sample_id='au_step'), dict(sample_id='tall')],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_button': [{}], 'system.acknowledge': [{}],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in rt.FAULTS] + [dict(fault=f, active=False) for f in rt.FAULTS],
+        'stage.move': [dict(x_m=0.002, y_m=-0.001), dict(x_m=-0.03, y_m=0.02)],
+        'stage.go_to': [dict(position='center'), dict(position='load'), dict(position='sample_center')],
+        'stage.set_lift': [dict(lift_m=-0.010), dict(lift_m=0.0), dict(lift_m=-0.0005)],
+        'lens.select': [dict(slot=2), dict(slot=3), dict(slot=5)],
+        'zoom.set': [dict(zoom=2.0), dict(zoom=1.0)],
+        'focus.move': [dict(z_m=0.030), dict(z_m=0.0322)],
+        'focus.auto': [{}],
+        'measurement.configure': _SETTINGS,
+        'measurement.set_z_range': [dict(upper_z_m=0.03225, lower_z_m=0.03229)],
+        'measurement.auto_range': [{}], 'measurement.start': [{}], 'measurement.stitch': [dict(nx=2, ny=1, overlap=0.2), dict(nx=1, ny=2, overlap=0.2)],
+        'film.measure': [dict(film_substance_id='pmma', substrate_substance_id='al')],
+        'calibration.z_scale': [dict(record_id='HM0001', certified_height_m=200e-9, axis='x', lower=[-400e-6, -50e-6], upper=[50e-6, 400e-6])],
+        'calibration.xy_scale': [dict(record_id='HM0001', certified_pitch_m=10e-6, axis='x')],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 64:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    """Does the step change the value differently with the call (v1 -> a2) than without it (v0 -> b2)?  (leaf-wise, numeric increments)"""
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] not in ('query', 'analysis')
+
+
+class DeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        """For every capability accepted in any scenario state: the slots it changes at once are declared effects, the slots whose change during the
+        following step differs from an identical run without the call are declared on_step effects, and the step itself only changes slots declared
+        as on_step effects of sim.step (the runtime noise is seeded by counters, so both runs draw identical noise)."""
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        self.assertFalse([s for v in rt.ON_STEP.values() for s in v if rt.SLOTS[s]['origin'] == 'setpoint'])
+
+    def test_every_device_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+    def test_long_window_effects_of_operations_are_declared(self):
+        """Every accepted asynchronous call is followed until its operation has left 'running' (+ 5 s), every other call for 150 s, comparing with
+        the identical run without the call every 0.05 s for the first 10 s and every 1 s after (transient phases and completion effects outside
+        the short windows)."""
+        missing = {}
+        for sname in ('focused', 'loaded', 'measuring', 'stitching', 'film_sample_50x', 'wli_ready', 'unpowered_loaded', 'revolver_turning', 'laser_fault'):
+            S = _scenario(sname)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap == 'sim.step':
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        res = _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    oid = res.get('operation_id') if isinstance(res, dict) else None
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    B = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    t, t_end = 0.0, (1200.0 if oid else 150.0)
+                    while t < t_end - 1e-9:
+                        d = 0.05 if t < 10.0 - 1e-9 else 1.0          # fine first: transient phases (laser on during a 0.1 s scan)
+                        A.step(d)
+                        B.step(d)
+                        t += d
+                        a2, b2 = A.read('evaluator'), B.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                        if oid and A.operations[oid]['phase'] != 'running' and t_end == 1200.0:
+                            t_end = t + 5.0
+        self.assertEqual(missing, {})
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        """Runs last (class name): every code raised by a device call anywhere in this test module is declared for that capability."""
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'})
+                      for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_kratos_axissupra.py b/tests/test_asset_kratos_axissupra.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e3092896da4f800fe92687686b84bd9fd1d93d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_kratos_axissupra.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1649 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-154 kratos_axissupra: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_kratos_axissupra.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances
+are isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (sputtered atoms, argon, nitrogen, charge), real return values validated against the
+declared schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation remnants, host-step independence, declared
+immediate and on_step effects; plus the instrument (vacuum, Flexi-lock, pump cycle with holder images, transfer, 5-axis stage and lens clearance,
+X-ray interlocks) and the XPS physics: the acceptance performance of the related AXIS Supra (Ag 3d5/2 0.48 eV at > 760 kcps, PET C 1s 0.68 eV at
+> 44 kcps with the neutraliser), charging and neutralisation, ISO 15472 energy-scale calibration on the Au/Ag/Cu reference samples, chemical
+states from the NIST SRD 20 templates, quantification, SiO2/Si overlayer thickness, angle-resolved enhancement, Ta2O5/Ta depth profile with oxide
+reduction and argon implantation, parallel imaging of a copper grid, faults.
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import kratos_axissupra as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE = [], {}
+_META = {}
+UNIFORM = dict(kind='uniform', feature_substance_id=None, feature_thickness_m=None, pitch_m=None, width_m=None, coverage=None)
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_kratos_axissupra_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.KratosAxissupraRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time)."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.time_ns
+    out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.time_ns == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared and rt.EFFECTS:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.KratosAxissupraRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+
+class QuietRng:
+    """Noise-free stand-in for random.Random (gauges exact, fixed draws) so that two runs differ only by the process."""
+    def gauss(self, mu, sigma):
+        return mu
+
+    def random(self):
+        return 0.5
+
+    def uniform(self, a, b):
+        return 0.5 * (a + b)
+
+    def seed(self, x):
+        pass
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = rt.KratosAxissupraRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, **plant):
+    h = configured(seed, **plant)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def provide(h, sid, substrate, layers=(), pattern=None, size=0.010, thick=5.0e-4, air=True, form=None):
+    h.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id=sid, form=form or ('film_on_substrate' if layers else 'solid'), substrate_substance_id=substrate,
+             layers=[dict(substance_id=a, thickness_m=b) for a, b in layers], pattern=pattern or dict(UNIFORM), lateral_size_m=size, thickness_m=thick,
+             air_exposed=air)
+    return sid
+
+
+def on_stage(h, samples, holder='H1', slot=1):
+    """Mount samples [(sid, x)] on a holder, load it, pump the Flexi-lock and transfer the holder to the stage."""
+    for sid, x in samples:
+        h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id=holder, sample_id=sid, x_m=x, y_m=0.0)
+    if h.fl_mode != 'vented':
+        h.invoke('flexilock.vent')
+        h.step(90.0)
+    h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=True)
+    h.invoke('flexilock.load_holder', holder_id=holder, slot=slot)
+    h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=False)
+    h.invoke('flexilock.pump')
+    for _ in range(200):
+        h.step(10.0)
+        if h.fl_mode == 'pumped':
+            break
+    assert h.fl_mode == 'pumped', h.p_fl
+    op = h.invoke('transfer.to_stage', slot=slot)['operation_id']
+    wait(h, op)
+    assert h.stage_holder == holder
+    return h
+
+
+def wait(h, op, tmax=20000.0, dt=1.0):
+    t0 = h.time_s
+    while h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'running' and h.time_s - t0 < tmax:
+        h.step(dt)
+    return h.operations[op]['phase']
+
+
+def beam(h, emission=0.015):
+    h.invoke('xray.set_source', on=True, emission_a=emission)
+    h.step(30.0)
+    assert h._xray_at_setpoint()
+    return h
+
+
+def go_sample(h, x, z=None, tilt=0.0, rot=0.0):
+    s = next(sid for sid, (sx, sy) in h.holders[h.stage_holder]['samples'].items() if abs(sx - x) < 1e-9)
+    zz = -h.samples[s]['thickness_m'] if z is None else z
+    h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=-x, y_m=0.0, z_m=zz, tilt_rad=tilt, rotation_rad=rot)
+    h.step(40.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def spectrum(h, regions, mode='scanned'):
+    op = h.invoke('acquisition.spectrum', regions=regions, mode=mode)['operation_id']
+    st = wait(h, op)
+    rid = h.operations[op]['record_id']
+    assert st == 'completed', (st, h.operations[op])
+    return rid
+
+
+def region(name, lo, hi, step=0.05, dwell=0.1, sweeps=2):
+    return dict(name=name, start_be_ev=lo, end_be_ev=hi, step_ev=step, dwell_s=dwell, sweeps=sweeps)
+
+
+def arrays(h, rid, name):
+    sp = next(s for s in h.records[rid]['spectra'] if s['name'] == name)
+    return np.array(sp['binding_energy_ev']), np.array(sp['counts_per_second'])
+
+
+def fwhm(be, y):
+    y = np.asarray(y, float) - float(np.min(y))
+    i = int(np.argmax(y))
+    h = y[i] / 2
+    l_ = i
+    while l_ > 0 and y[l_] > h:
+        l_ -= 1
+    r = i
+    while r < len(y) - 1 and y[r] > h:
+        r += 1
+    xl = be[l_] + (h - y[l_]) / (y[l_ + 1] - y[l_]) * (be[l_ + 1] - be[l_])
+    xr = be[r - 1] + (h - y[r - 1]) / (y[r] - y[r - 1]) * (be[r] - be[r - 1])
+    return abs(xr - xl), be[i], y[i]
+
+
+def rejected(h, cap, code, **a):
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    rev = h.revision
+    try:
+        h.invoke(cap, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        assert str(exc) == code, (cap, str(exc), code)
+        assert not _changed(h.read('evaluator'), before), cap
+        assert h.revision == rev, cap
+        return True
+    raise AssertionError(f'{cap} was not rejected (expected {code})')
+
+
+def clean_reference(h, ref, seconds=60.0):
+    h.invoke('stage.go_to', position='reference:' + ref)
+    h.step(60.0)
+    if not h.ion_on:
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=True, energy_ev=3000.0, raster_m=0.003)
+    op = h.invoke('ion_gun.etch', duration_s=seconds)['operation_id']
+    wait(h, op)
+
+
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.kratos_axissupra')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-154')
+
+    def test_schemas_lint_and_examples_validate(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']), [], k)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema']), [], k)
+            if c['availability'] == 'implemented':
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+
+    def test_metadata_references_are_consistent(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for p in c['preconditions']:
+                for x in p['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertIn(e['code'], rt.ERROR_ZH, k)
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.CAP_SOURCES), set(rt.CAPS))
+        comps = {p['id'] for p in json.loads((rt.ASSET / 'geometry_manifest.json').read_text())['components']}
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertLessEqual(set(c['component_ids']), comps, k)
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertLessEqual(set(s['component_ids']), comps, k)
+
+    def test_every_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        """Each ActionRejected code raised by a command method (directly or through its helpers) appears in that capability's declared errors."""
+        import inspect
+        import re
+        src = inspect.getsource(rt.KratosAxissupraRuntime)
+        meta = _meta()['capabilities']
+        helpers = {'_need_plant': ['PLANT_REQUIRED'], '_need_power': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF'],
+                   '_need_ready()': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING'], '_need_ready(allow_error=True)': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY'],
+                   '_need_idle': ['ACQUISITION_RUNNING'],
+                   '_need_no_transfer': ['TRANSFER_RUNNING'], '_need_beam': ['XRAY_NOT_READY', 'VACUUM_NOT_READY'],
+                   '_need_stage_free': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING', 'ACQUISITION_RUNNING', 'TRANSFER_RUNNING', 'TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED'],
+                   '_need_not_stranded': ['TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED'],
+                   '_need_acquire': ['PLANT_REQUIRED', 'POWER_OFF', 'NOT_READY', 'ERROR_PENDING', 'ACQUISITION_RUNNING', 'TRANSFER_RUNNING', 'XRAY_NOT_READY',
+                                     'VACUUM_NOT_READY', 'STAGE_EMPTY', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', 'RECORDS_FULL'],
+                   '_check_regions(regions, mode)': ['DUPLICATE_REGION', 'INVALID_REGION', 'REGION_EXCEEDS_SNAPSHOT_WINDOW'],
+                   "_check_regions(regions, 'scanned')": ['DUPLICATE_REGION', 'INVALID_REGION'], '_check_stage_target': ['OUT_OF_RANGE', 'COLLISION_RISK'],
+                   '_rec(': ['UNKNOWN_RECORD', 'WRONG_RECORD_KIND', 'RECORD_NOT_COMPLETED'], '_region(': ['UNKNOWN_REGION'],
+                   'substance(': ['UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE'], '_quantify_spectra(': ['UNKNOWN_REGION', 'UNASSIGNED_REGION']}
+        for k in rt.CAPS:
+            if k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+                continue
+            m = re.search(r'    def _cmd_' + k.replace('.', '_') + r'\(.*?(?=\n    def |\Z)', src, re.S)
+            self.assertIsNotNone(m, k)
+            body = m.group(0)
+            codes = set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", body))
+            for hname, hcodes in helpers.items():
+                if hname in body:
+                    codes |= set(hcodes)
+            codes.discard('INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta[k]['errors']}
+            self.assertLessEqual(codes, declared, (k, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities_report_unsupported(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'unsupported', k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_and_describe_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        t, rev = h.time_ns, h.revision
+        h.read('evaluator')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertEqual((h.time_ns, h.revision), (t, rev))
+
+    def test_step_zero_and_negative(self):
+        h = configured()
+        rev = h.revision
+        h.step(0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.revision, rev)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.step(-1.0)
+
+    def test_host_step_chopping_does_not_change_the_result(self):
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = ready(seed=5)
+            h.rng = QuietRng()
+            h.rng_acq = QuietRng()
+            provide(h, 'cu', 'cu')
+            on_stage(h, [('cu', 0.0)])
+            beam(h)
+            h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.002, y_m=0.0, z_m=-5.0e-4, tilt_rad=0.2, rotation_rad=0.3)
+            for dt in chunks:
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=True, energy_ev=2000.0, raster_m=0.003)
+            h.invoke('ion_gun.etch', duration_s=33.3)
+            for dt in chunks:
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('acquisition.spectrum', regions=[region('Cu 2p', 925.0, 960.0, 0.1, 0.05, 1)], mode='scanned')
+            for dt in chunks:
+                h.step(dt)
+            return h.read('evaluator'), h.ledger(), h.records['SP0001']
+        (a, la, ra), (b, lb, rb) = run([100.0]), run([0.37] * 270 + [0.1])
+        for k in ('truth.sac_pressure_pa', 'truth.fl_pressure_pa', 'stage.x_m', 'stage.tilt_rad', 'stage.rotation_rad', 'clock.time_s'):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(a[k], b[k], delta=1e-9 * max(abs(a[k]), 1e-12), msg=k)
+        for k in ('anode_energy_j', 'photons_on_sample', 'nitrogen_pumped_mol', 'sputtered_atoms', 'argon_admitted_mol'):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(la[k], lb[k], delta=1e-9 * max(abs(la[k]), 1.0), msg=k)
+        self.assertEqual(ra['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(ra['spectra'], rb['spectra'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a['truth.samples']['cu']['craters'][0]['removed']['base'], b['truth.samples']['cu']['craters'][0]['removed']['base'], delta=1e-18)
+
+    def test_reads_do_not_change_later_counts(self):
+        h = ready(seed=4)
+        provide(h, 'cu', 'cu')
+        on_stage(h, [('cu', 0.0)])
+        beam(h)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        h.invoke('acquisition.spectrum', regions=[region('Cu 2p', 925.0, 960.0, 0.1, 0.05, 1)], mode='scanned')
+        a, b = copy.deepcopy(h), copy.deepcopy(h)
+        for _ in range(60):
+            a.step(0.5)
+            a.read('agent')
+            a.read('evaluator')
+            b.step(0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(a.records['SP0001']['status'], 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual(a.records['SP0001']['spectra'], b.records['SP0001']['spectra'])
+        self.assertEqual(a.ledger(), b.ledger())
+
+    def test_set_points_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = ready()
+        provide(h, 'cu', 'cu')
+        on_stage(h, [('cu', 0.0)])
+        x0 = h.stage['x']
+        h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.010, y_m=0.0, z_m=0.0, tilt_rad=0.0, rotation_rad=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.stage['x'], x0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['x'], x0 + rt.STAGE_SPEED_M_S, places=12)
+        h.invoke('xray.set_source', on=True, emission_a=0.015)
+        self.assertEqual(h.hv, 0.0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.hv, rt.HV_RAMP_V_S, places=6)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.vent')
+        p = h.p_fl
+        self.assertEqual(h.fl_mode, 'venting')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.p_fl, p)
+
+
+class VacuumAndHandling(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_lid_opens_only_at_atmosphere_and_pump_cycle_images_holders(self):
+        h = ready()
+        provide(h, 'a', 'au')
+        h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H2', sample_id='a', x_m=0.010, y_m=0.002)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=True)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.load_holder', holder_id='H2', slot=2)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=False)
+        rejected(h, 'flexilock.load_holder', 'LID_CLOSED', holder_id='H1', slot=1)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.pump')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        rejected(h, 'flexilock.set_lid', 'NOT_VENTED', open=True)
+        for _ in range(100):
+            h.step(10.0)
+            if h.fl_mode == 'pumped':
+                break
+        self.assertEqual(h.fl_mode, 'pumped')
+        self.assertLess(h.p_fl, rt.FL_TRANSFER_MAX_PA)
+        rid = h.images['H2']
+        det = h.records[rid]['image']['detected']
+        self.assertEqual([d['sample_id'] for d in det], ['a'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(det[0]['x_m'] - 0.010), 3e-4)
+
+    def test_transfer_needs_the_pumped_flexilock_and_the_gate_burst(self):
+        h = ready()
+        provide(h, 'a', 'au')
+        h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='a', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=True)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.load_holder', holder_id='H1', slot=1)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=False)
+        rejected(h, 'transfer.to_stage', 'FLEXILOCK_NOT_PUMPED', slot=1)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.pump')
+        for _ in range(100):
+            h.step(10.0)
+            if h.fl_mode == 'pumped':
+                break
+        p0 = h.p_sac
+        op = h.invoke('transfer.to_stage', slot=1)['operation_id']
+        rejected(h, 'flexilock.vent', 'TRANSFER_RUNNING')
+        peak = p0
+        h.step(0.01)                                               # the gate opens at once (stage and magazine already in place)
+        peak = max(peak, h.p_sac)
+        while h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'running':
+            h.step(0.5)
+            peak = max(peak, h.p_sac)
+            self.assertLessEqual(h.arm, rt.TRANSFER_STROKE_M + 1e-12)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'completed')
+        self.assertGreater(peak, 3 * p0)                           # the gate valve lets the Flexi-lock gas into the analysis chamber (equalised 5.1 x p0, tau 0.1 s)
+        self.assertEqual((h.stage_holder, h.magazine[1], h.gate, h.arm), ('H1', None, 0.0, 0.0))
+        op = h.invoke('transfer.to_magazine', slot=3)['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual((h.stage_holder, h.magazine[3]), (None, 'H1'))
+
+    def test_power_loss_during_transfer_interrupts_and_latches(self):
+        h = ready()
+        provide(h, 'a', 'au')
+        on_stage(h, [('a', 0.0)])
+        op = h.invoke('transfer.to_magazine', slot=1)['operation_id']
+        while h.transfer_op['phase'] != 'arm_in':
+            h.step(0.5)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED')
+        self.assertEqual(h.holders['H1']['location'], 'arm')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.gate, 0.08)                             # the extended fork blocks the pneumatic gate valve (it would close otherwise)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, h.invoke('transfer.recover')['operation_id']), 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual((h.stage_holder, h.magazine[1], h.holders['H1']['location'], h.gate, h.error), (None, 'H1', 'slot:1', 0.0, None))
+
+    def test_sample_and_mount_validation(self):
+        h = configured()
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE', sample_id='x', form='solid', substrate_substance_id='unobtainium', layers=[], pattern=dict(UNIFORM),
+                 lateral_size_m=0.01, thickness_m=5e-4, air_exposed=True)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'INVALID_PATTERN', sample_id='x', form='solid', substrate_substance_id='si', layers=[],
+                 pattern=dict(UNIFORM, kind='grid'), lateral_size_m=0.01, thickness_m=5e-4, air_exposed=True)
+        provide(h, 'big', 'au', size=0.020)
+        provide(h, 'thick', 'au', thick=0.019)
+        provide(h, 'small', 'au', size=0.005)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.mount_sample', 'OUTSIDE_HOLDER', holder_id='H1', sample_id='big', x_m=0.030, y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='big', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.mount_sample', 'POSITION_OCCUPIED', holder_id='H1', sample_id='small', x_m=0.009, y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='thick', x_m=-0.025, y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.mount_sample', 'SAMPLE_NOT_ON_BENCH', holder_id='H2', sample_id='thick', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+
+    def test_stage_lens_clearance_and_reference_positions(self):
+        h = ready()
+        provide(h, 'thick', 'au', thick=0.010)
+        on_stage(h, [('thick', 0.0)])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage['z'], -0.0105, places=9)     # the transfer pose lowers a holder with a thick sample
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move', 'COLLISION_RISK', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, z_m=0.0, tilt_rad=0.0, rotation_rad=0.0)
+        h.invoke('stage.go_to', position='reference:Cu')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h._analysed_target()[:2], ('reference', 'Cu'))
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.read()['stage.x_indicated_m'] - (-rt.REF_BLOCK_X)), 5e-6)
+
+    def test_auto_height_brings_the_surface_to_the_focus(self):
+        h = ready()
+        provide(h, 'au', 'au', thick=2.0e-3)
+        on_stage(h, [('au', 0.0)])
+        beam(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, z_m=-1.2e-3, tilt_rad=0.0, rotation_rad=0.0)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertGreater(abs(h._focus_offset()), 5e-4)
+        op = h.invoke('stage.auto_height')['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(h._focus_offset()), 3e-5)
+
+
+class XraySourceAndFaults(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_interlocks_and_power_limit(self):
+        h = ready()
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('xray.set_source', on=True, emission_a=0.041)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=True)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.set_source', 'COOLING_WATER_LOW', on=True, emission_a=0.015)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=False)
+        beam(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._xray_power(), 225.0, places=6)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=True)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.xray_on)
+        self.assertEqual((h.xray_fault, h.error), ('COOLING_WATER_LOW', 'COOLING_WATER_LOW'))
+        rejected(h, 'system.acknowledge', 'CAUSE_PERSISTS')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=False)
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.error)
+
+    def test_sac_leak_prevents_the_xray_source(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='sac_leak', active=True)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.p_sac, rt.XRAY_MAX_PA)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.set_source', 'VACUUM_NOT_READY', on=True, emission_a=0.015)
+
+    def test_neutraliser_filament_failure_switches_it_off(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('neutraliser.set', on=True, filament_current_a=0.4, charge_balance_v=3.3, filament_bias_v=1.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='neutraliser_filament_failure', active=True)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.neut_on)
+        rejected(h, 'neutraliser.set', 'FILAMENT_FAILURE', on=True, filament_current_a=0.4, charge_balance_v=3.3, filament_bias_v=1.0)
+
+
+class SpectroscopyPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_ag_3d52_acceptance_performance(self):
+        """Related AXIS Supra acceptance value: Ag 3d5/2 > 760 kcps at 0.48 eV FWHM (slot, PE 10 eV, 600 W, sputter-cleaned Ag)."""
+        h = ready(seed=2)
+        provide(h, 'dummy', 'au')
+        on_stage(h, [('dummy', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.040)
+        clean_reference(h, 'Ag')
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='slot', pass_energy_ev=10.0)
+        rid = spectrum(h, [region('Ag', 364.0, 373.0, 0.02, 0.1, 1)])
+        be, y = arrays(h, rid, 'Ag')
+        w, c, top = fwhm(be[be < 371.5], y[be < 371.5])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(w, 0.48, delta=0.03)
+        self.assertGreater(top, 760e3)
+
+    def test_pet_c1s_on_insulators_needs_the_neutraliser(self):
+        """Related AXIS Supra value on insulators: PET C 1s 0.68 eV FWHM (> 44 kcps) with the electron-only neutraliser; without it the peaks shift
+        to higher binding energy by several volts and broaden."""
+        h = ready(seed=3)
+        provide(h, 'pet', 'pet', thick=1.0e-4)
+        on_stage(h, [('pet', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.040)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='slot', pass_energy_ev=20.0)
+        rid = spectrum(h, [region('C 1s wide', 270.0, 330.0, 0.1, 0.02, 1)])
+        be, y = arrays(h, rid, 'C 1s wide')
+        shift_off = float(be[int(np.argmax(y))]) - 284.8
+        self.assertGreater(shift_off, 5.0)
+        h.invoke('neutraliser.set', on=True, filament_current_a=0.4, charge_balance_v=3.3, filament_bias_v=1.0)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        rid = spectrum(h, [region('C 1s', 274.0, 292.0, 0.02, 0.1, 1)])
+        be, y = arrays(h, rid, 'C 1s')
+        cc = h.invoke('data.charge_correct', record_id=rid, region='C 1s', reference_be_ev=284.8)
+        self.assertLess(cc['shift_ev'], 6.0)
+        self.assertGreater(cc['shift_ev'], 1.0)                        # the neutraliser overcompensates slightly (negative surface potential)
+        est = 288.8 - cc['shift_ev']                                    # the ester component in the uncorrected spectrum
+        m = (be > est - 0.9) & (be < est + 0.9)
+        w, c, top = fwhm(be[m], y[m])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(w, 0.68, delta=0.06)
+        self.assertGreater(top, 44e3)
+        fit = h.invoke('data.fit', record_id=rid, region='C 1s', shift_ev=cc['shift_ev'],
+                       components=[dict(label='C-C', be_ev=284.8, fwhm_ev=0.8, fix_position=False), dict(label='C-O', be_ev=286.4, fwhm_ev=0.8, fix_position=False),
+                                   dict(label='O-C=O', be_ev=288.8, fwhm_ev=0.8, fix_position=False)])
+        p = {c_['label']: c_['percent'] for c_ in fit['components']}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['C-C'] / p['O-C=O'], 3.0, delta=0.9)     # PET repeat unit: 6 C-C : 2 C-O : 2 O-C=O (plus adventitious C-C)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['C-O'] / p['O-C=O'], 1.0, delta=0.35)
+
+    def test_iso15472_energy_scale_calibration(self):
+        h = ready(seed=6)
+        provide(h, 'dummy', 'au')
+        on_stage(h, [('dummy', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.030)
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=True, energy_ev=3000.0, raster_m=0.003)
+        err0 = abs(h.scale_true['offset_ev'] + h.scale_true['gain'] * 932.62)
+        op = h.invoke('calibration.energy_scale')['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(len(rec['spectra']), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['calibration.energy_scale']['calibration_id'], rec['record_id'])
+        # after calibration, clean Au / Cu peaks come at the ISO 15472 energies
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='slot', pass_energy_ev=10.0)
+        for ref, (lo, hi, want) in (('Au', (81.0, 87.0, 83.96)), ('Cu', (929.0, 936.0, 932.62)), ('Ag', (365.0, 371.0, 368.21))):
+            clean_reference(h, ref, 20.0)
+            rid = spectrum(h, [region(ref, lo, hi, 0.02, 0.1, 2)])
+            got = h._peak_position(dict(counts=np.array(next(s for s in h.records[rid]['spectra'])['counts']),
+                                        be=next(s for s in h.records[rid]['spectra'])['binding_energy_ev'], step=0.02))
+            self.assertLess(abs(got - want), 0.05, (ref, got, want, err0))
+
+    def test_chemical_states_and_oxide_thickness_of_sio2_on_si(self):
+        h = ready(seed=7)
+        provide(h, 'ox', 'si', layers=[('sio2', 4.0e-9)])
+        on_stage(h, [('ox', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.040)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='slot', pass_energy_ev=20.0)
+        rid = spectrum(h, [region('Si 2p', 95.0, 108.0, 0.05, 0.1, 2)])
+        be, y = arrays(h, rid, 'Si 2p')
+        fit = h.invoke('data.fit', record_id=rid, region='Si 2p', shift_ev=0.0,
+                       components=[dict(label='Si0 2p3/2', be_ev=float(be[int(np.argmax(y))]), fwhm_ev=0.5, fix_position=False),
+                                   dict(label='Si0 2p1/2', be_ev=float(be[int(np.argmax(y))]) + 0.6, fwhm_ev=0.5, fix_position=False),
+                                   dict(label='SiO2', be_ev=float(be[int(np.argmax(y))]) + 4.0, fwhm_ev=1.4, fix_position=False)])
+        c = {x['label']: x for x in fit['components']}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c['Si0 2p1/2']['be_ev'] - c['Si0 2p3/2']['be_ev'], 0.6, delta=0.12)      # spin-orbit splitting (xraydb levels)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c['SiO2']['be_ev'] - c['Si0 2p3/2']['be_ev'], 103.4 - 99.31, delta=0.3)  # NIST SRD 20 chemical shift
+        R = c['SiO2']['area_cps_ev'] / (c['Si0 2p3/2']['area_cps_ev'] + c['Si0 2p1/2']['area_cps_ev'])
+        lam = rt.imfp_nm(rt.substance('sio2'), rt.HV_EV - 103.4)
+        n_si_ox = rt.composition_atoms(rt.substance('sio2'))['Si']
+        n_si = rt.composition_atoms(rt.substance('si'))['Si']
+        d = lam * math.log(1 + R * n_si / n_si_ox)                      # standard overlayer formula (attenuation length ~ IMFP, normal emission)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(d, 4.0, delta=1.2)
+
+    def test_quantification_of_sputter_cleaned_oxides(self):
+        h = ready(seed=8)
+        provide(h, 'tio2', 'tio2', thick=1e-3)
+        on_stage(h, [('tio2', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.040)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='slot', pass_energy_ev=40.0)
+        regs = [region('Ti 2p', 450.0, 470.0, 0.1, 0.05, 1), region('O 1s', 524.0, 540.0, 0.1, 0.05, 1), region('C 1s', 280.0, 294.0, 0.1, 0.05, 1)]
+        rid0 = spectrum(h, regs)
+        q0 = {r['element']: r['atomic_percent'] for r in h.invoke('data.quantify', record_id=rid0, regions=['Ti 2p', 'O 1s', 'C 1s'], shift_ev=0.0)['results']}
+        self.assertGreater(q0['C'], 8.0)                                # adventitious carbon on the air-exposed surface
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=True, energy_ev=3000.0, raster_m=0.003)
+        wait(h, h.invoke('ion_gun.etch', duration_s=120.0)['operation_id'])
+        rid1 = spectrum(h, regs)
+        q1 = {r['element']: r['atomic_percent'] for r in h.invoke('data.quantify', record_id=rid1, regions=['Ti 2p', 'O 1s', 'C 1s'], shift_ev=0.0)['results']}
+        self.assertLess(q1['C'], 1.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(q1['O'] / q1['Ti'], 2.0, delta=0.5)     # theoretical sensitivity factors, some preferential oxygen loss
+
+    def test_angle_resolved_surface_enhancement(self):
+        h = ready(seed=9)
+        provide(h, 'ox', 'si', layers=[('sio2', 2.0e-9)])
+        on_stage(h, [('ox', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.040)
+        ratios = []
+        for tilt in (0.0, math.radians(60.0)):
+            go_sample(h, 0.0, tilt=tilt)
+            rid = spectrum(h, [region('Si 2p', 95.0, 108.0, 0.1, 0.05, 1)])
+            be, y = arrays(h, rid, 'Si 2p')
+            ox = y[(be > 102.5) & (be < 106.0)].sum()
+            bulk = y[(be > 98.0) & (be < 101.5)].sum()
+            ratios.append(ox / bulk)
+        self.assertGreater(ratios[1], 1.8 * ratios[0])
+
+    def test_small_spots_scale_with_area_and_snapshot_window(self):
+        h = ready(seed=10)
+        provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+        on_stage(h, [('au', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.005)                                     # 75 W: far below the DLD saturation
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        tops = {}
+        for ap in ('slot', 'd110', 'd27'):
+            h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture=ap, pass_energy_ev=10.0)
+            tops[ap] = float(h._spectrum_model(np.arange(82.0, 86.0, 0.05), 0.05).max())
+        area = {'slot': 700e-6 * 300e-6, 'd110': math.pi * 55e-6 ** 2, 'd27': math.pi * 13.5e-6 ** 2}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(tops['d110'] / tops['slot'], area['d110'] / area['slot'], delta=0.25 * area['d110'] / area['slot'])
+        self.assertLess(tops['d27'], tops['d110'])
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='slot', pass_energy_ev=40.0)
+        rejected(h, 'acquisition.spectrum', 'REGION_EXCEEDS_SNAPSHOT_WINDOW', regions=[region('Au', 78.0, 90.0)], mode='snapshot')
+        rid = spectrum(h, [dict(name='Au snap', start_be_ev=81.0, end_be_ev=87.0, step_ev=0.1, dwell_s=1.0, sweeps=1)], mode='snapshot')
+        be, y = arrays(h, rid, 'Au snap')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(be[1] - be[0], 0.18 * 40.0 / 128, places=9)
+        self.assertLess(abs(be[int(np.argmax(y))] - 84.0), 0.6)
+
+
+class DepthProfile(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_ta2o5_on_ta_profile_reduction_and_argon(self):
+        h = ready(seed=11)
+        provide(h, 'bcr', 'ta', layers=[('ta2o5', 30.0e-9)])
+        on_stage(h, [('bcr', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.040)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='slot', pass_energy_ev=80.0)
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=True, energy_ev=4000.0, raster_m=0.003)
+        regs = [region('Ta 4f', 18.0, 34.0, 0.2, 0.02, 1), region('O 1s', 524.0, 540.0, 0.2, 0.02, 1)]    # (Ar 2p overlaps Ta 4d3/2)
+        op = h.invoke('depth_profile.start', levels=14, etch_s=90.0, regions=regs)['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+        rid = h.operations[op]['record_id']
+        tab = h.invoke('data.depth_profile', record_id=rid, shift_ev=0.0)
+        els = tab['elements']
+        o = np.array([row[els.index('O')] for row in tab['atomic_percent']])
+        self.assertGreater(o[1], 50.0)                                  # the oxide (Ta2O5: 71 at% O, with preferential O loss and sensitivity factors)
+        self.assertLess(o[-1], 10.0)                                    # the metal below
+        cr = h.samples['bcr']['craters'][0]
+        j = rt.ion_current_a(4000.0) / rt.E_CHARGE / 0.003 ** 2
+        rate = rt.sputter_yield(rt.substance('ta2o5'), 4000.0) * j / rt.atoms_per_m3(rt.substance('ta2o5'))
+        t_half = tab['etch_time_s'][int(np.argmax(o < 0.5 * o[1]))]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t_half, 30.0e-9 / rate, delta=0.35 * 30.0e-9 / rate)
+        self.assertGreater(cr['reduction'], 0.1)
+        self.assertGreater(cr['implant'], 0.005)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['sputter_residual_atoms']), 1e-6 * led['sputtered_atoms'])
+        self.assertGreater(led['argon_implanted_mol'], 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['argon_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * max(led['argon_admitted_mol'], 1e-12) + 1e-18)
+
+
+class Imaging(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_copper_grid_image_pitch_and_resolution(self):
+        h = ready(seed=12)
+        provide(h, 'grid', 'si', pattern=dict(kind='grid', feature_substance_id='cu', feature_thickness_m=50e-9, pitch_m=50e-6, width_m=12e-6, coverage=None))
+        on_stage(h, [('grid', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.040)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        op = h.invoke('acquisition.image', be_ev=932.6, fov='fov400', pass_energy_ev=160.0, duration_s=120.0)['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, op), 'completed')
+        img = np.array(h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['image']['counts'], float)
+        prof = img[40:88, :].mean(0)
+        f = np.abs(np.fft.rfft(prof - prof.mean()))
+        k = int(np.argmax(f[2:])) + 2
+        pitch = 400e-6 / k
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pitch, 50e-6, delta=3e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(img.max(), 5.0)
+        op = h.invoke('acquisition.image', be_ev=932.6, fov='fov80', pass_energy_ev=160.0, duration_s=60.0)['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        im = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['image']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(im['resolution_m'], 1.25e-6, delta=0.3e-6)
+
+
+class LedgersIsolationSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_ledgers_close(self):
+        h = ready(seed=13)
+        provide(h, 'pet', 'pet', thick=1.0e-4)
+        on_stage(h, [('pet', 0.0)])
+        beam(h)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        h.invoke('neutraliser.set', on=True, filament_current_a=0.4, charge_balance_v=3.3, filament_bias_v=1.0)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=True, energy_ev=1000.0, raster_m=0.004)
+        wait(h, h.invoke('ion_gun.etch', duration_s=30.0)['operation_id'])
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=False, energy_ev=1000.0, raster_m=0.004)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.vent')
+        h.step(200.0)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertGreater(led['charge_neutraliser_c'], 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['charge_residual_c']), 1e-6 * led['charge_photoemitted_c'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['nitrogen_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * led['nitrogen_admitted_mol'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['argon_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * led['argon_admitted_mol'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['sputter_residual_atoms']), 1e-6 * led['sputtered_atoms'])
+        self.assertGreater(led['anode_energy_j'], 0.0)
+
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = ready(seed=1), ready(seed=2)
+        provide(a, 'x', 'au')
+        self.assertIn('x', a.samples)
+        self.assertNotIn('x', b.samples)
+        self.assertNotEqual(a.scale_true, b.scale_true)
+
+    def test_agent_does_not_see_truth_or_faults(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        s, e = h.session('a'), h.session('e')
+        obs = s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in obs))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['truth.scale_error'])
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='fault.inject', arguments=dict(fault='chiller_failure', active=True), request_id='f1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='fault.inject', arguments=dict(fault='chiller_failure', active=True), request_id='f2')
+        ev = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e1')['result']['events']
+        self.assertFalse(any(x['kind'] == 'fault' for x in ev))
+        desc = s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.samples', desc['state_slots'])
+        self.assertNotIn('ledger.read', desc['capabilities'])
+
+    def test_records_and_control_belong_to_their_agent(self):
+        h = ready()
+        provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+        on_stage(h, [('au', 0.0)])
+        beam(h)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('b', 'agent')
+        sa, sb = h.session('a'), h.session('b')
+        r = sa.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.spectrum', arguments=dict(regions=[region('Au', 80.0, 90.0, 0.1, 0.05, 1)],
+                                                                                                         mode='scanned'), request_id='s1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        rb = sb.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stage.move', arguments=dict(x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, z_m=0.0, tilt_rad=0.0, rotation_rad=0.0),
+                       request_id='m1')
+        self.assertEqual(rb['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertTrue(sb.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['acquisition.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        rid = h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        rb = sb.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid), request_id='r1')
+        self.assertEqual(rb['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(sa.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'], rid)
+        again = sa.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.spectrum', arguments=dict(regions=[region('Au', 80.0, 90.0, 0.1, 0.05, 1)],
+                                                                                                             mode='scanned'), request_id='s1')
+        self.assertEqual(again['operation_id'], r['operation_id'])
+        conflict = sa.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.spectrum', arguments=dict(regions=[region('Au', 80.0, 91.0, 0.1, 0.05, 1)],
+                                                                                                                mode='scanned'), request_id='s1')
+        self.assertEqual(conflict['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_cancel_keeps_finished_regions_and_power_off_fails(self):
+        h = ready()
+        provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+        on_stage(h, [('au', 0.0)])
+        beam(h)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.spectrum',
+                     arguments=dict(regions=[region('Au', 80.0, 90.0, 0.1, 0.05, 1), region('C', 280.0, 292.0, 0.1, 0.5, 2)], mode='scanned'), request_id='s1')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual([x['name'] for x in rec['spectra']], ['Au'])
+        op = h.invoke('acquisition.spectrum', regions=[region('Au', 80.0, 90.0, 0.1, 0.5, 2)], mode='scanned')['operation_id']
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['reason'], 'POWER_OFF')
+
+    def test_queries_and_bookkeeping(self):
+        h = ready()
+        provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+        on_stage(h, [('au', 0.0)])
+        beam(h)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        rid = spectrum(h, [region('survey', 0.0, 1200.0, 1.0, 0.02, 1)])
+        ids = h.invoke('data.identify', record_id=rid, region='survey', shift_ev=0.0)
+        self.assertIn('Au', ids['elements'])
+        self.assertIn('C', ids['elements'])
+        self.assertIn(rid, h.invoke('records.list')['records'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('acquisition.result', record_id=rid)['status'], 'completed')
+        rejected(h, 'data.quantify', 'UNKNOWN_REGION', record_id=rid, regions=['nope'], shift_ev=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'acquisition.result', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', record_id='SP9999')
+        prov = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertIn('au', prov['substances'])
+        self.assertEqual(prov['library'], rt.LIBRARY_REL)
+
+
+
+class HoldersFaradayCupAndHostCalls(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_holder_round_trip_faraday_cup_current_ledger_and_host_step(self):
+        h = ready(seed=3)
+        provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+        provide(h, 'cu', 'cu')
+        h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='au', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='cu', x_m=0.02, y_m=0.0)
+        out = h.invoke('holder.unmount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='cu')
+        self.assertEqual(out['location'], 'bench')
+        self.assertIn('cu', h.read()['sample.bench_ids'])
+        self.assertNotIn('cu', h.holders['H1']['samples'])
+        on_stage(h, [])
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=True, energy_ev=2000.0, raster_m=0.004)
+        rejected(h, 'ion_gun.measure_current', 'NOT_ON_FARADAY_CUP')
+        h.invoke('stage.go_to', position='reference:faraday_cup')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        m = h.invoke('ion_gun.measure_current')
+        i_true = rt.ion_current_a(2000.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(m['current_a'], i_true, delta=0.05 * i_true)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(m['current_density_a_m2'], m['current_a'] / 0.004 ** 2, delta=1e-9 * m['current_density_a_m2'])
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=False, energy_ev=2000.0, raster_m=0.004)
+        wait(h, h.invoke('transfer.to_magazine', slot=1)['operation_id'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.magazine[1], 'H1')
+        h.invoke('flexilock.vent')
+        h.step(90.0)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=True)
+        out = h.invoke('flexilock.unload_holder', slot=1)
+        self.assertEqual((out['holder_id'], h.holders['H1']['location'], h.magazine[1]), ('H1', 'bench', None))
+        self.assertGreater(h.samples['au']['contamination_m'], 0.0)                    # back in laboratory air
+        led = h.invoke('ledger.read')
+        self.assertGreater(led['argon_admitted_mol'], 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['argon_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * led['argon_admitted_mol'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['nitrogen_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * led['nitrogen_admitted_mol'])
+        t0 = h.time_s
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=2.5)['time_s'], t0 + 2.5, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.time_s, t0 + 2.5, places=9)
+
+
+def _chunks(T):
+    n = int(T / 0.37)
+    return [0.37] * n + [T - 0.37 * n]
+
+
+class ReviewRound1Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the findings of the first independent runtime review (F01-F13)."""
+
+    def test_f01_f02_gas_ledgers_close_through_transfers_with_argon_and_the_open_lid(self):
+        h = ready(seed=31)
+        provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+        on_stage(h, [('au', 0.0)])
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=True, energy_ev=3000.0, raster_m=0.003)          # argon in the analysis chamber
+        h.step(30.0)
+        wait(h, h.invoke('transfer.to_magazine', slot=1)['operation_id'])          # the gate burst shares the chamber argon with the Flexi-lock
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['argon_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * led['argon_admitted_mol'])
+        wait(h, h.invoke('transfer.to_stage', slot=1)['operation_id'])             # a second burst with argon already in the Flexi-lock
+        wait(h, h.invoke('transfer.to_magazine', slot=1)['operation_id'])
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=False, energy_ev=3000.0, raster_m=0.003)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.vent')
+        h.step(90.0)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=True)
+        h.step(5.0)                                                                # Flexi-lock nitrogen and argon escape into the laboratory
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertGreater(led['nitrogen_released_mol'], 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['nitrogen_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * led['nitrogen_admitted_mol'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['argon_residual_mol']), 1e-9 * led['argon_admitted_mol'])
+
+    def test_f04_interrupted_transfer_keeps_the_gate_open_and_recovers(self):
+        h = ready(seed=32)
+        provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+        h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='au', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=True)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.load_holder', holder_id='H1', slot=1)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=False)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.pump')
+        for _ in range(200):
+            h.step(10.0)
+            if h.fl_mode == 'pumped':
+                break
+        op = h.invoke('transfer.to_stage', slot=1)['operation_id']
+        while h.transfer_op['phase'] != 'arm_out':
+            h.step(0.5)
+        h.step(3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.holders['H1']['location'], 'arm')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.gate, 0.08)                                           # the extended fork blocks the gate valve
+        self.assertGreater(h.arm, 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'failed')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED')
+        rejected(h, 'system.acknowledge', 'CAUSE_PERSISTS')
+        rejected(h, 'flexilock.vent', 'ERROR_PENDING')
+        rejected(h, 'transfer.to_stage', 'ERROR_PENDING', slot=2)
+        rop = h.invoke('transfer.recover')['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, rop), 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual((h.stage_holder, h.holders['H1']['location'], h.error, h.gate, h.arm), ('H1', 'stage', None, 0.0, 0.0))
+        rejected(h, 'transfer.recover', 'NO_INTERRUPTED_TRANSFER')
+
+    def test_f05_snapshot_count_rates_do_not_depend_on_dwell(self):
+        h = ready(seed=33)
+        provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+        on_stage(h, [('au', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.005)
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='slot', pass_energy_ev=40.0)
+        means = []
+        for dwell in (0.01, 5.0):
+            rid = spectrum(h, [dict(name='Au', start_be_ev=81.0, end_be_ev=87.0, step_ev=0.1, dwell_s=dwell, sweeps=1)], mode='snapshot')
+            be, y = arrays(h, rid, 'Au')
+            means.append(float(y.mean()))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(means[0] / means[1], 1.0, delta=0.1)
+
+    def test_f06_f07_host_chopping_while_moving_and_during_charging_transients(self):
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = ready(seed=34)
+            h.rng = QuietRng()
+            h.rng_acq = QuietRng()
+            provide(h, 'p1', 'pet', thick=1e-4)
+            provide(h, 'p2', 'al2o3', thick=1e-4)                      # sapphire: a second insulator that does not outgas
+            on_stage(h, [('p1', -0.02), ('p2', 0.02)])
+            beam(h, emission=0.040)
+            h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.02, y_m=0.0, z_m=-1e-4, tilt_rad=0.0, rotation_rad=0.0)
+            for dt in chunks(30.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=-0.02, y_m=0.0, z_m=-1e-4, tilt_rad=0.0, rotation_rad=0.0)   # the beam leaves p1 and reaches p2 while moving
+            for dt in chunks(30.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('neutraliser.set', on=True, filament_current_a=0.4, charge_balance_v=3.3, filament_bias_v=1.0)
+            h.invoke('acquisition.spectrum', regions=[region('C 1s', 280.0, 300.0, 0.05, 0.02, 1)], mode='scanned')
+            for dt in chunks(4.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('neutraliser.set', on=False, filament_current_a=0.4, charge_balance_v=3.3, filament_bias_v=1.0)   # transient during the scan
+            for dt in chunks(30.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            return {s_: h.v_surface[s_] for s_ in ('p1', 'p2')}, h.records['SP0001'], h.ledger()
+        (va, ra, la), (vb, rb, lb) = run(lambda T: [T]), run(_chunks)
+        for k in va:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(va[k], vb[k], delta=1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(va[k])), msg=k)
+        self.assertEqual(ra['status'], 'completed')
+        ya, yb = np.array(ra['spectra'][0]['counts']), np.array(rb['spectra'][0]['counts'])
+        self.assertLess(float(np.max(np.abs(ya - yb))), 1e-6 * float(ya.max()) + 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(la['photons_on_sample'], lb['photons_on_sample'], delta=1e-9 * la['photons_on_sample'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(la['charge_photoemitted_c'], lb['charge_photoemitted_c'], delta=1e-9 * la['charge_photoemitted_c'])
+
+    def test_f08_flexilock_state_changes_at_exact_crossings(self):
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = ready(seed=35)
+            provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+            h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='au', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=True)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.load_holder', holder_id='H1', slot=1)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=False)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.pump')
+            for dt in chunks(400.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.vent')
+            for dt in chunks(60.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            return {e['code']: e['time_s'] for e in h.events if e['code'] in ('FL_PUMPED', 'FL_VENTED')}, h
+        (a, ha), (b, hb) = run(lambda T: [T]), run(_chunks)
+        self.assertEqual(set(a), {'FL_PUMPED', 'FL_VENTED'})
+        for k in a:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(a[k], b[k], delta=1e-6, msg=k)
+        t_vent0 = next(e['time_s'] for e in ha.events if e['code'] == 'FL_VENTING')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a['FL_VENTED'] - t_vent0, rt.VENT_TAU_S * math.log(1.0 / 0.02), delta=1e-3)   # from vacuum to 98 % of atmosphere
+
+    def test_f10_combination_holder_limits_the_sample_thickness(self):
+        h = configured()
+        provide(h, 'thick', 'au', thick=0.010)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.mount_sample', 'SAMPLE_TOO_THICK', holder_id='H3', sample_id='thick', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='thick', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.read()['holders']['H3']['type'], h.read()['holders']['H1']['type']), ('combination', 'dual_height'))
+
+    def test_f12_spin_orbit_splittings_follow_photoemission_records(self):
+        """Doublet partners follow paired NIST SRD 20 records (element default and per chemical state), not X-ray absorption-edge differences."""
+        lib = json.loads(Path(rt.LIBRARY_PATH).read_text())
+        so = {el: next(iter(e['spin_orbit'].values())) for el, e in lib['elements'].items() if e.get('spin_orbit')}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(so['Ag']['splitting_ev'], 6.0, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(so['Cl']['splitting_ev'], 1.6, delta=0.05)                   # the L2-L3 edge difference is 2.0 eV
+        nio = next(c for c in next(x for x in lib['substances'] if x['substance_id'] == 'nio')['components'] if c['element'] == 'Ni')
+        self.assertGreater(nio['doublet']['splitting_ev'], so['Ni']['splitting_ev'] + 0.5)   # NiO 2p splitting exceeds the metal's
+        h = ready(seed=36)
+        provide(h, 'dummy', 'au')
+        on_stage(h, [('dummy', 0.0)])
+        beam(h, emission=0.040)
+        clean_reference(h, 'Ag')
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='slot', pass_energy_ev=10.0)
+        rid = spectrum(h, [region('Ag 3d', 364.0, 378.0, 0.02, 0.1, 1)])
+        fit = h.invoke('data.fit', record_id=rid, region='Ag 3d', shift_ev=0.0, components=[
+            dict(label='3d5/2', be_ev=368.2, fwhm_ev=0.5, fix_position=False), dict(label='3d3/2', be_ev=374.2, fwhm_ev=0.5, fix_position=False)])
+        c = {x['label']: x for x in fit['components']}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c['3d3/2']['be_ev'] - c['3d5/2']['be_ev'], 6.0, delta=0.06)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c['3d3/2']['area_cps_ev'] / c['3d5/2']['area_cps_ev'], 2.0 / 3.0, delta=0.08)
+
+    def test_f09_f11_texts_quote_the_implemented_numbers_and_label_related_model_data(self):
+        texts = []
+
+        def walk(o):
+            if isinstance(o, str):
+                texts.append(o)
+            elif isinstance(o, dict):
+                for v in o.values():
+                    walk(v)
+            elif isinstance(o, list):
+                for v in o:
+                    walk(v)
+        walk(_meta())
+        joined = '\n'.join(texts)
+        for stale in ('0.20 eV', '≈0.0085×通能（slot', '向后欧拉', 'backward Euler', '能散0.15 eV', '混合长度1 nm', '释放注入的氩'):
+            self.assertNotIn(stale, joined)
+        related = ('0.48 eV', '0.68 eV', '760 kcps', '44 kcps', '精度2 µm', '2 µm精度', '误差2 µm')
+        bad = [t_ for t_ in texts if any(r in t_ for r in related) and '相关型号' not in t_]
+        self.assertEqual(bad, [])
+
+
+def _stranded(seed, cancel=False):
+    """A to_stage transfer interrupted with the holder on the extended fork (power loss, or a user cancel)."""
+    h = ready(seed=seed)
+    provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+    h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='au', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+    h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=True)
+    h.invoke('flexilock.load_holder', holder_id='H1', slot=1)
+    h.invoke('flexilock.load_holder', holder_id='H2', slot=2)
+    h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=False)
+    h.invoke('flexilock.pump')
+    for _ in range(200):
+        h.step(10.0)
+        if h.fl_mode == 'pumped':
+            break
+    h.register_principal('op', 'agent')
+    r = h.session('op').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='transfer.to_stage', arguments=dict(slot=1), request_id='t1')
+    while h.transfer_op['phase'] != 'arm_out':
+        h.step(0.5)
+    h.step(3.0)
+    if cancel:
+        h.session('op').cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+    else:
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+    assert h.holders['H1']['location'] == 'arm' and h.transfer_stranded is not None
+    return h
+
+
+class ReviewRound2Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the findings of the second independent runtime review (F08 remainder, F14-F16)."""
+
+    def test_f14_the_stranded_fork_survives_other_errors(self):
+        h = _stranded(41, cancel=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED')
+        h.error = 'COOLING_WATER_LOW'                                   # a later latched error (cause already gone) takes the slot
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('system.acknowledge')['cleared'], 'COOLING_WATER_LOW')
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED')              # re-latched while the fork is stranded
+        h.error = None                                                  # even with the slot cleared by hand the refusals stay
+        rejected(h, 'transfer.to_stage', 'TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED', slot=2)
+        rejected(h, 'flexilock.vent', 'TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED')
+        rejected(h, 'flexilock.pump', 'TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED')
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move', 'TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED', x_m=0.01, y_m=0.0, z_m=0.0, tilt_rad=0.0, rotation_rad=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, h.invoke('transfer.recover')['operation_id']), 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual((h.stage_holder, h.holders['H1']['location'], h.gate, h.transfer_stranded), ('H1', 'stage', 0.0, None))
+
+    def test_f14_mains_fault_while_stranded(self):
+        h = _stranded(42)
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=170.0))
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'MAINS_FAULT')
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE))
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'TRANSFER_INTERRUPTED')
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+        rejected(h, 'transfer.to_stage', 'ERROR_PENDING', slot=2)
+        self.assertEqual(wait(h, h.invoke('transfer.recover')['operation_id']), 'completed')
+        self.assertEqual((h.stage_holder, h.error), ('H1', None))
+
+    def test_f15_transfer_timeline_does_not_depend_on_host_chopping(self):
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = ready(seed=43)
+            provide(h, 'au', 'au')
+            h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id='au', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=True)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.load_holder', holder_id='H1', slot=1)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=False)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.pump')
+            for dt in chunks(600.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            op = h.invoke('transfer.to_stage', slot=1)['operation_id']
+            for dt in chunks(40.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            return h.operations[op]['finished_s'], [(e['code'], e['time_s']) for e in h.events if e['kind'] in ('transfer', 'flexilock')]
+        (fa, ea), (fb, eb) = run(lambda T: [T]), run(_chunks)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fa, fb, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertEqual([c for c, _ in ea], [c for c, _ in eb])
+        for (c, ta), (_, tb) in zip(ea, eb):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(ta, tb, delta=1e-6, msg=c)
+
+    def test_f16_neutraliser_only_charging_while_moving_does_not_depend_on_host_chopping(self):
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = ready(seed=44)
+            provide(h, 'p1', 'pet', thick=1e-4)
+            provide(h, 'p2', 'al2o3', thick=1e-4)
+            on_stage(h, [('p1', -0.02), ('p2', 0.02)])
+            h.invoke('neutraliser.set', on=True, filament_current_a=0.4, charge_balance_v=3.3, filament_bias_v=1.0)     # X-ray off
+            h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.02, y_m=0.0, z_m=-1e-4, tilt_rad=0.0, rotation_rad=0.0)
+            for dt in chunks(15.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=-0.02, y_m=0.0, z_m=-1e-4, tilt_rad=0.0, rotation_rad=0.0)
+            for dt in chunks(30.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            return {s_: h.v_surface[s_] for s_ in ('p1', 'p2')}, h.ledger()['charge_neutraliser_c']
+        (va, qa), (vb, qb) = run(lambda T: [T]), run(_chunks)
+        for k in va:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(va[k], vb[k], delta=1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(va[k])), msg=k)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(qa, qb, delta=1e-9 * qa)
+
+    def test_f08_empty_magazine_pump_down_crossings(self):
+        def run(chunks):
+            h = ready(seed=8)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.pump')
+            for dt in chunks(100.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('flexilock.vent')
+            for dt in chunks(100.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            return {e['code']: e['time_s'] for e in h.events if e['code'] in ('FL_PUMPED', 'FL_VENTED')}
+        a, b = run(lambda T: [T]), run(_chunks)
+        self.assertEqual(set(a), {'FL_PUMPED', 'FL_VENTED'})
+        for k in a:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(a[k], b[k], delta=1e-6, msg=k)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects (scenario states for the effect discovery)
+RNGS = ['rng', 'rng_acq', 'rng_mount', 'rng_cal', 'rng_sample']
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _bench(h):
+    """Samples on the bench: SiO2/Si, Ta2O5/Ta, PET (insulator) and a gold foil; SiO2/Si, Ta2O5/Ta and PET on holder H1."""
+    provide(h, 'sio2', 'si', [('sio2', 4.0e-9)], thick=5.25e-4)
+    provide(h, 'ta', 'ta', [('ta2o5', 30.0e-9)], thick=5.0e-4)
+    provide(h, 'pet', 'pet', thick=1.0e-4)
+    provide(h, 'au', 'au', form='foil', thick=1.0e-4)
+    for sid, x in (('sio2', -0.025), ('ta', 0.0), ('pet', 0.025)):
+        h.invoke('holder.mount_sample', holder_id='H1', sample_id=sid, x_m=x, y_m=0.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def _pumped(h, tmax=3000.0):
+    for _ in range(int(tmax / 10.0)):
+        h.step(10.0)
+        if h.fl_mode == 'pumped':
+            return h
+    raise AssertionError(h.p_fl)
+
+
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return rt.KratosAxissupraRuntime()
+    if name == 'off':
+        return _bench(configured())
+    if name == 'booting':
+        h = _scenario('off')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'ready':
+        h = _scenario('off')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'lid_open':
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=True)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.load_holder', holder_id='H2', slot=2)
+        return h
+    if name == 'vented_loaded':
+        h = _scenario('lid_open')
+        h.invoke('flexilock.load_holder', holder_id='H1', slot=1)
+        h.invoke('flexilock.set_lid', open=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'fl_pumping':
+        h = _scenario('vented_loaded')
+        h.invoke('flexilock.pump')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'fl_pumped':
+        h = _scenario('vented_loaded')
+        h.invoke('flexilock.pump')
+        return _pumped(h)
+    if name == 'fl_venting':
+        h = _scenario('fl_pumped')
+        h.invoke('flexilock.vent')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'fl_leak':
+        h = _scenario('fl_pumped')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='flexilock_leak', active=True)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'transferring':
+        h = _scenario('fl_pumped')
+        h.invoke('transfer.to_stage', slot=1)
+        h.step(8.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'on_stage':
+        h = _scenario('fl_pumped')
+        wait(h, h.invoke('transfer.to_stage', slot=1)['operation_id'])
+        return h
+    if name == 'to_magazine':
+        h = _scenario('on_stage')
+        h.invoke('transfer.to_magazine', slot=1)
+        h.step(8.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'arm_stranded':
+        h = _scenario('fl_pumped')
+        op = h.invoke('transfer.to_stage', slot=1)['operation_id']
+        while h.transfer_op is not None and h.transfer_op['phase'] != 'arm_out':
+            h.step(0.5)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+        assert h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'failed'
+        return h
+    if name == 'arm_stranded_outage':           # contract review r2: a 10 s outage lets both chambers drift before the fork is recovered
+        h = _scenario('fl_pumped')
+        op = h.invoke('transfer.to_stage', slot=1)['operation_id']
+        while h.transfer_op is not None and h.transfer_op['phase'] != 'arm_out':
+            h.step(0.5)
+        h.step(3.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+        assert h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'failed' and h.transfer_stranded is not None
+        return h
+    if name == 'unpowered_on_stage':
+        h = _scenario('on_stage')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'xray_ramping':
+        h = _scenario('on_stage')
+        h.invoke('xray.set_source', on=True, emission_a=0.015)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'beam':
+        h = beam(_scenario('on_stage'))
+        return go_sample(h, -0.025)
+    if name == 'beam_ion':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.step(3000.0)                    # PET outgassing decays first: argon on top of it would trip the X-ray vacuum interlock (1e-5 Pa)
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=True, energy_ev=3000.0, raster_m=0.003)
+        return h
+    if name == 'faraday':
+        h = _scenario('beam_ion')
+        h.invoke('stage.go_to', position='reference:faraday_cup')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'stage_moving':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, z_m=-5.0e-4, tilt_rad=0.3, rotation_rad=0.2)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'acquiring':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('acquisition.spectrum', regions=[region('Si 2p', 96.0, 108.0, 0.1, 0.1, 1), region('O 1s', 526.0, 538.0, 0.1, 0.1, 1)], mode='scanned')
+        h.step(3.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'snapshot':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('acquisition.spectrum', regions=[region('Si 2p', 98.0, 101.0, 0.05, 2.0, 3)], mode='snapshot')
+        h.step(1.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'imaging':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('acquisition.image', be_ev=103.3, fov='fov400', pass_energy_ev=160.0, duration_s=60.0)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'auto_height':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('stage.auto_height')
+        h.step(2.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'etching':
+        h = _scenario('beam_ion')
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.etch', duration_s=60.0)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'depth_profiling':
+        h = _scenario('beam_ion')
+        go_sample(h, 0.0)
+        h.invoke('depth_profile.start', levels=3, etch_s=20.0, regions=[region('Ta 4f', 20.0, 34.0, 0.2, 0.05, 1), region('O 1s', 526.0, 538.0, 0.2, 0.05, 1)])
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'depth_profiling_etch':          # contract review r2: an etch stage of the depth profile (beam on)
+        h = _scenario('depth_profiling')
+        while not h.etching:
+            h.step(1.0)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        assert h.etching and h.acq['kind'] == 'depth_profile'
+        return h
+    if name == 'calibrating_etch':              # contract review r2: the sputter clean of a reference sample during the calibration (beam on)
+        h = _scenario('calibrating')
+        while not h.etching:
+            h.step(1.0)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        assert h.etching and h.acq['kind'] == 'calibration'
+        return h
+    if name == 'calibrating':
+        h = _scenario('beam_ion')
+        h.invoke('calibration.energy_scale')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'calibrating_d110':
+        h = _scenario('beam_ion')
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='d110', pass_energy_ev=40.0)
+        h.invoke('calibration.energy_scale')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'beam_ion_d110':
+        h = _scenario('beam_ion')
+        h.invoke('analyser.configure', lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='d110', pass_energy_ev=40.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'fl_pumped_stage_away':
+        h = _scenario('fl_pumped')
+        h.invoke('stage.move', x_m=0.020, y_m=0.005, z_m=-1.0e-3, tilt_rad=0.2, rotation_rad=0.3)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'xray_tripped':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=True, energy_ev=3000.0, raster_m=0.003)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        h.invoke('ion_gun.set', on=False, energy_ev=3000.0, raster_m=0.003)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        assert h.xray_fault == 'VACUUM_INTERLOCK' and not h.xray_on and h.p_sac < rt.XRAY_MAX_PA
+        return h
+    if name == 'fl_nearly_vented':
+        h = _scenario('fl_pumped')
+        h.invoke('flexilock.vent')
+        h.step(40.0)
+        assert h.fl_mode == 'venting' and h.p_fl >= rt.LID_OPEN_MIN_PA
+        return h
+    if name == 'charging':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        go_sample(h, 0.025)
+        return h
+    if name == 'neutralised':
+        h = _scenario('charging')
+        h.invoke('neutraliser.set', on=True, filament_current_a=0.4, charge_balance_v=3.3, filament_bias_v=1.0)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'chiller_fault':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=True)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'chiller_fault_cleared':
+        h = _scenario('chiller_fault')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=False)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'sac_leak':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='sac_leak', active=True)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'mains_fault':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=170.0))      # outside AC 200 V +-10 %: the system drops out
+        assert h.error == 'MAINS_FAULT' and not h.power
+        return h
+    if name == 'mains_restored':
+        h = _scenario('mains_fault')
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE))
+        return h
+    if name == 'faults_measuring':
+        h = _scenario('neutralised')
+        h.invoke('acquisition.spectrum', regions=[region('C 1s', 280.0, 296.0, 0.1, 0.1, 1)], mode='scanned')
+        for f in ('neutraliser_filament_failure', 'flexilock_leak'):
+            h.invoke('fault.inject', fault=f, active=True)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        assert h.acq is not None
+        return h
+    if name == 'measured':
+        h = _scenario('beam')
+        spectrum(h, [region('Si 2p', 96.0, 108.0, 0.2, 0.05, 1)])
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'booting', 'ready', 'lid_open', 'vented_loaded', 'fl_pumping', 'fl_pumped', 'fl_venting', 'fl_leak', 'transferring', 'on_stage',
+             'to_magazine', 'arm_stranded', 'unpowered_on_stage', 'xray_ramping', 'beam', 'beam_ion', 'faraday', 'stage_moving', 'acquiring', 'snapshot', 'imaging',
+             'auto_height', 'etching', 'depth_profiling', 'calibrating', 'calibrating_d110', 'beam_ion_d110', 'fl_pumped_stage_away', 'xray_tripped',
+             'fl_nearly_vented', 'charging', 'neutralised', 'chiller_fault', 'chiller_fault_cleared', 'sac_leak', 'mains_fault',
+             'mains_restored', 'faults_measuring', 'measured', 'arm_stranded_outage', 'depth_profiling_etch', 'calibrating_etch']
+STEP_DTS = (0.4, 1.0, 3.0, 15.0, 120.0)
+_NEUT = dict(filament_current_a=0.4, charge_balance_v=3.3, filament_bias_v=1.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(room_k=300.15, mains_voltage_v=170.0, noise_seed=2)],
+        'sample.provide': [dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='new')],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in rt.FAULTS] + [dict(fault=f, active=False) for f in rt.FAULTS],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'system.acknowledge': [{}],
+        'flexilock.vent': [{}], 'flexilock.pump': [{}], 'flexilock.set_lid': [dict(open=True), dict(open=False)],
+        'holder.mount_sample': [dict(holder_id='H2', sample_id='au', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0), dict(holder_id='H1', sample_id='au', x_m=0.0125, y_m=0.011)],
+        'holder.unmount_sample': [dict(holder_id='H1', sample_id='sio2')],
+        'flexilock.load_holder': [dict(holder_id='H1', slot=1), dict(holder_id='H3', slot=3)], 'flexilock.unload_holder': [dict(slot=1), dict(slot=2)],
+        'transfer.to_stage': [dict(slot=1), dict(slot=2)], 'transfer.to_magazine': [dict(slot=1), dict(slot=3)], 'transfer.recover': [{}],
+        'stage.move': [dict(x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0, z_m=-5.0e-4, tilt_rad=0.0, rotation_rad=0.0), dict(x_m=-0.025, y_m=0.002, z_m=-2.0e-4, tilt_rad=1.0, rotation_rad=0.5)],
+        'stage.go_to': [dict(position='transfer'), dict(position='reference:Au'), dict(position='reference:faraday_cup')],
+        'stage.auto_height': [{}],
+        'xray.set_source': [dict(on=True, emission_a=0.015), dict(on=True, emission_a=0.040), dict(on=False, emission_a=0.015)],
+        'analyser.configure': [dict(lens_mode='hybrid', aperture='slot', pass_energy_ev=20.0), dict(lens_mode='electrostatic', aperture='d110', pass_energy_ev=160.0)],
+        'neutraliser.set': [dict(on=True, **_NEUT), dict(on=False, **_NEUT), dict(on=True, filament_current_a=1.0, charge_balance_v=5.0, filament_bias_v=2.0)],
+        'ion_gun.set': [dict(on=True, energy_ev=4000.0, raster_m=0.003), dict(on=False, energy_ev=500.0, raster_m=0.002)],
+        'ion_gun.etch': [dict(duration_s=30.0)], 'ion_gun.measure_current': [{}],
+        'acquisition.spectrum': [dict(regions=[region('C 1s', 280.0, 296.0, 0.1, 0.1, 1), region('O 1s', 526.0, 538.0, 0.2, 0.05, 1)], mode='scanned'),
+                                 dict(regions=[region('Si 2p', 98.0, 101.0, 0.05, 0.5, 2)], mode='snapshot')],
+        'acquisition.image': [dict(be_ev=932.6, fov='fov400', pass_energy_ev=160.0, duration_s=20.0), dict(be_ev=103.3, fov='fov200', pass_energy_ev=80.0, duration_s=20.0)],
+        'depth_profile.start': [dict(levels=2, etch_s=10.0, regions=[region('O 1s', 526.0, 538.0, 0.2, 0.05, 1)])],
+        'calibration.energy_scale': [{}],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 64:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    """Relative comparison (no absolute floor)."""
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    """Does the step change the value differently with the call (v1 -> a2) than without it (v0 -> b2)?  (leaf-wise, numeric increments)"""
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):        # a value that appears during the step: equal up to float rounding of the cuts
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+class DeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        """For every capability accepted in any scenario state: the slots it changes at once are declared effects, the slots whose change during the
+        following step differs from an identical run without the call are declared on_step effects, and the step itself only changes slots declared
+        as on_step effects of sim.step (noise-free and noisy runs; both runs draw identical noise during the step)."""
+        import random
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for noisy in (False, True):
+            for n, S in states.items():
+                for i, name in enumerate(RNGS):
+                    setattr(S, name, random.Random(7 + i) if noisy else QuietRng())
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if cap in rt.UNSUPPORTED or rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] in ('query', 'analysis'):
+                    continue
+                for sname, S in states.items():
+                    for args in _variants(cap):
+                        A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                        try:
+                            _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                        except rt.ActionRejected:
+                            continue
+                        v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                        if cap == 'sim.step':
+                            for k in v0:
+                                if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                    missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add(k)
+                            continue
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS[cap]:
+                                missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                        for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                            A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                            for name in RNGS:
+                                setattr(A2, name, copy.deepcopy(getattr(B2, name)))
+                            A2.step(dt)
+                            B2.step(dt)
+                            a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                            for k in v0:
+                                if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                    missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                                if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                    missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        self.assertFalse([s for v in rt.ON_STEP.values() for s in v if rt.SLOTS[s]['origin'] == 'setpoint'])
+
+    def test_every_device_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        """The discovery covers every executable capability (else its declared effects would be untested)."""
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if cap in rt.UNSUPPORTED or rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] in ('query', 'analysis') or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        todo = {c for c in rt.CAPS if c not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[c]['kind'] not in ('query', 'analysis')}
+        self.assertEqual(todo - accepted, set())
+
+
+
+class ContractReviewRound1Regressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _follow(self, sname, cap, args, chunk=2.0, tmax=3600.0, tail=30.0):
+        """Run the call to completion (plus a tail) against an identical control run, comparing at every chunk boundary; returns the slots whose
+        evolution differs (transient changes included) and the control run's own changes."""
+        S = _scenario(sname)
+        for name in RNGS:
+            setattr(S, name, QuietRng())
+        A, B = copy.deepcopy(S), copy.deepcopy(S)
+        v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+        res = _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+        v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+        oid = res.get('operation_id') if isinstance(res, dict) else None
+        differs, control, t, t_end = set(), set(), 0.0, tmax
+        while t < t_end - 1e-9:
+            A.step(chunk)
+            B.step(chunk)
+            t += chunk
+            a, b = A.read('evaluator'), B.read('evaluator')
+            differs |= {k for k in v0 if _step_differs(v1[k], a[k], v0[k], b[k])}
+            control |= {k for k in v0 if k != 'clock.time_s' and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b[k])}
+            if oid and A.operations[oid]['phase'] != 'running' and t_end == tmax:
+                t_end = t + tail
+        return differs, control, (A.operations[oid]['phase'] if oid else None)
+
+    def test_C01_depth_profile_declares_the_transient_etch_stage(self):
+        """C01: the ion beam of the etch stages is on only for etch_s (here 4-14 s): it is an on-step effect even though it is off again at the
+        end, and so are its lamp and the ion current."""
+        differs, control, phase = self._follow('beam_ion', 'depth_profile.start', _variants('depth_profile.start')[0])
+        self.assertEqual(phase, 'completed')
+        self.assertTrue({'ion_gun.beam_on', 'panel.ion_gun_lamp', 'truth.ion_current_a'} <= differs)
+        self.assertEqual(differs - set(rt.ON_STEP['depth_profile.start']) - set(rt.EFFECTS['depth_profile.start']), set())
+        self.assertEqual(control - set(rt.ON_STEP['sim.step']), set())
+
+    def test_C01_energy_calibration_declares_its_completion_effects(self):
+        """C01: the calibration result, the detector reading and the internal acquisitions appear only after the 120 s discovery windows."""
+        differs, control, phase = self._follow('beam_ion', 'calibration.energy_scale', {})
+        self.assertEqual(phase, 'completed')
+        self.assertTrue({'calibration.energy_scale', 'detector.count_rate_cps', 'acquisition.id', 'acquisition.kind'} <= differs)
+        self.assertEqual(differs - set(rt.ON_STEP['calibration.energy_scale']) - set(rt.EFFECTS['calibration.energy_scale']), set())
+        self.assertIn('calibration.energy_scale', rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'])
+
+    def test_C01_ion_gun_is_locked_by_a_running_depth_profile_or_calibration(self):
+        """Switching the gun off (or changing energy / raster) during a depth profile or calibration would let the routine continue with etch
+        stages without ion current: refused with ACQUISITION_RUNNING (ION_BEAM_ON while the beam is on), state unchanged."""
+        for sname in ('depth_profiling', 'calibrating'):
+            S = _scenario(sname)
+            for name in RNGS:
+                setattr(S, name, QuietRng())
+            self.assertIn(S.acq['kind'], ('depth_profile', 'calibration'))
+            for args in (dict(on=False, energy_ev=500.0, raster_m=0.002), dict(on=True, energy_ev=500.0, raster_m=0.002)):
+                A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                self.assertTrue(rejected(A, 'ion_gun.set', 'ION_BEAM_ON' if A.etching else 'ACQUISITION_RUNNING', **args))
+            A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+            while A.acq is not None and A.acq['kind'] in ('depth_profile', 'calibration'):
+                A.step(5.0)
+            _orig_invoke(A, 'ion_gun.set', on=False, energy_ev=500.0, raster_m=0.002)      # accepted once the routine has finished
+            self.assertFalse(A.ion_on)
+        self.assertIn('ACQUISITION_RUNNING', rt.CAP_ERRORS['ion_gun.set'])
+
+    def test_C08_xray_off_during_an_etch_stage_stops_the_beam_at_the_call(self):
+        """Contract review r2 C08: switching the X-ray source off while a depth profile or calibration is in an etch stage fails the routine and
+        stops the ion beam at the call (immediate effects of xray.set_source, not on-step ones)."""
+        for sname in ('depth_profiling_etch', 'calibrating_etch'):
+            A = _scenario(sname)
+            for name in RNGS:
+                setattr(A, name, QuietRng())
+            before = A.read('evaluator')
+            self.assertTrue(before['ion_gun.beam_on']['value'] if isinstance(before['ion_gun.beam_on'], dict) else before['ion_gun.beam_on'])
+            op = A.acq['op']
+            _orig_invoke(A, 'xray.set_source', on=False, emission_a=0.015)
+            after = A.read('evaluator')
+            val = (lambda v: v['value'] if isinstance(v, dict) and 'value' in v else v)
+            self.assertIs(val(after['ion_gun.beam_on']), False)
+            self.assertIs(val(after['panel.ion_gun_lamp']), False)
+            self.assertEqual(val(after['truth.ion_current_a']), 0.0)
+            self.assertEqual(A.operations[op]['phase'], 'failed')
+            self.assertTrue({'ion_gun.beam_on', 'panel.ion_gun_lamp', 'truth.ion_current_a'} <= set(rt.EFFECTS['xray.set_source']))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_lakeshore_8604vsm.py b/tests/test_asset_lakeshore_8604vsm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01b8c32b75b23abb2f66c7f50e5ca08b7267d4f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_lakeshore_8604vsm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+"""Independent physical/temporal/protocol acceptance tests for CHEM143."""
+import copy,json,math,unittest
+import numpy as np
+from scripts.asset_runtime import lakeshore_8604vsm as m
+
+class VsmTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def make(self,standard=False,sample=None,plant=None,lower=True):
+        r=m.LakeShore8604VsmRuntime('vsm_test');r.invoke('plant.configure',**(plant or m.PLANT_EXAMPLE));r.invoke('coil.configure',**m.COIL_EXAMPLE)
+        if sample is not False:r.invoke('standard.load' if standard else 'sample.load',**(m.STANDARD_EXAMPLE if standard else sample or m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE))
+        r.invoke('power.set',enabled=True)
+        if lower:r.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=0.);r.step(3.5);r.invoke('vibration.configure',**m.VIBRATION_EXAMPLE)
+        return r
+    def finish(self,r,dt=20):
+        while r.phase=='running':r.step(dt)
+        return r._result()
+    def loop(self,r,method=None):r.invoke('method.configure',**(method or m.METHOD_EXAMPLE));r.invoke('acquisition.start');return self.finish(r)
+    def zero_raise(self,r):
+        r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=0.,ramp_rate_t_s=1.);r.step(2.4);r.invoke('vibration.configure',**dict(m.VIBRATION_EXAMPLE,enabled=False));r.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=.35);r.step(3.5)
+    def session(self,r,name='evaluator',role='evaluator'):r.register_principal(name,role);return r.session(name)
+    def call(self,s,c,a,rid=None):return s.invoke(instance_id=s._host.instance_id,capability_id=c,arguments=copy.deepcopy(a),request_id=rid or c+str(s._host.revision))
+    def test_01_field_setpoint_does_not_advance_physics(self):
+        r=self.make(sample=False);t=r.time_s;r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=1.,ramp_rate_t_s=1.);self.assertEqual(r._pos('field'),0);self.assertEqual(r.time_s,t);r.step(.3);self.assertAlmostEqual(r._pos('field'),.3,9);r.step(.7);self.assertAlmostEqual(r._pos('field'),1.,9)
+    def test_02_field_resolution_and_standard_gap_limit(self):
+        r=self.make(sample=False);r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=.123456789,ramp_rate_t_s=1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.axes['field']['target'],.1234568,15)
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=2.61,ramp_rate_t_s=1.)
+    def test_03_real_10second_integration_window(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('method.configure',**dict(m.METHOD_EXAMPLE,field_points_t=[0.],averaging_time_s=10.,settling_time_s=0.));r.invoke('acquisition.start');r.step(9.99);self.assertEqual(len(r.rows),0);r.step(.01);self.assertEqual(len(r.rows),1);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.rows[0]['window_end_s']-r.rows[0]['window_start_s'],10.)
+    def test_04_interval_mean_is_not_endpoint(self):
+        p=dict(m.PLANT_EXAMPLE,detector_tau_s=1.,voltage_offset_v=0.,voltage_gain=1.);r=self.make(plant=p);r.invoke('method.configure',**dict(m.METHOD_EXAMPLE,field_points_t=[0.],averaging_time_s=.1,settling_time_s=0.));r.invoke('acquisition.start');r.step(.1);target=r._sensitivity(True)*r._moment();expected=target*(1-(1-math.exp(-.1))/.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.rows[0]['in_phase_voltage_v'],expected,14);self.assertNotAlmostEqual(r.rows[0]['in_phase_voltage_v'],r.sensor,10)
+    def test_05_zero_and_small_signal_are_allowed(self):
+        s=dict(m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,mass_kg=0.);p=dict(m.PLANT_EXAMPLE,voltage_offset_v=0.);r=self.make(sample=s,plant=p);res=self.loop(r);self.assertEqual(res['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertTrue(all(row['moment_a_m2']==0 for row in r.rows));self.assertTrue(all(row['quality']=='below_documented_dynamic_range' for row in r.rows))
+    def test_06_actual_range_overflow_not_clipped_success(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('coil.configure',**dict(m.COIL_EXAMPLE,moment_range_a_m2=1e-5));res=self.loop(r);self.assertEqual(res['phase'],'failed');self.assertIsNone(r.rows[0]['moment_a_m2']);self.assertEqual(r.rows[0]['quality'],'overflow');self.assertGreater(r.ledger()['coil_joule_j'],0)
+    def test_07_measured_library_anchor_units(self):
+        r=self.make();record=m.library()['kuleuven_cf_300k'];self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(r.amplitudes),m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['mass_kg']*75.48749849);self.assertGreater(record['measured_specific_moment_max_abs_applied_field_t'],2.37)
+    def test_08_more_than_50_real_references_not_fake_loops(self):
+        records=m.library();chi=[x for x in records.values() if x.get('molar_susceptibility_m3_mol') is not None];self.assertGreaterEqual(len(chi),50);self.assertTrue(all(x.get('source') and x.get('evidence') for x in records.values()));self.assertGreaterEqual(len([x for x in records.values() if x.get('measured_hysteresis_sequence')]),5)
+    def test_09_crc_molar_chi_independent_si_conversion(self):
+        sample=dict(m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='crc_cuso4_5h2o',magnetic_model='linear_susceptibility');r=self.make(sample=sample);rec=m.library()['crc_cuso4_5h2o'];expected=sample['mass_kg']/rec['molar_mass_kg_mol']*(1460*4*math.pi*1e-12)*.1/(4*math.pi*1e-7);self.assertAlmostEqual(r._moment(.1),expected,16)
+    def test_10_explicit_proxy_required_when_real_hysteresis_absent(self):
+        r=self.make(sample=False,lower=False);s=dict(m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='crc_cuso4_5h2o')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(m.ActionRejected,'EXPLICIT_PROXY'):r.invoke('sample.load',**s)
+    def test_11_temperature_single_point_tolerance_and_wide_domain(self):
+        r=self.make();self.loop(r);self.assertGreater(r.sample_k,300.);self.assertTrue(r._temperature_valid());r.sample_k=301.;self.assertFalse(r._temperature_valid());self.assertIsNone(r.read()['moment.indicated_a_m2'])
+        s=dict(m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='crc_cuso4_5h2o',magnetic_model='linear_susceptibility');q=self.make(sample=s);q.sample_k=300.01;self.assertFalse(q._temperature_valid())
+    def test_12_temperature_zero_tolerance_fails_observation_after_heat(self):
+        r=self.make(sample=dict(m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,temperature_tolerance_k=0.));res=self.loop(r);self.assertEqual(res['error'],'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE');self.assertIsNone(res['rows'][0]['moment_a_m2'])
+    def test_13_hysterons_switch_at_actual_field_not_setpoint(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=.1,ramp_rate_t_s=1.);self.assertTrue(all(x['state']==-1 for x in r.relays));r.step(.019);self.assertTrue(all(x['state']==-1 for x in r.relays));r.step(.002);self.assertEqual([x['state'] for x in r.relays],[1,-1,-1,-1,-1])
+    def test_14_closed_cycle_loss_has_independent_rectangle_area(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=.2,ramp_rate_t_s=1.);r.step(.2);initial=r.book['hysteresis_heat_j']
+        for B in [-.2,.2]:r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=B,ramp_rate_t_s=1.);r.step(.4)
+        expected=sum(4*a*x['coercive_field_t'] for a,x in zip(r.amplitudes,r.relays));self.assertAlmostEqual(r.book['hysteresis_heat_j']-initial,expected,12);self.assertLess(abs(r.ledger()['energy_residual_j']),1e-7)
+    def test_15_biased_relay_stores_energy_separately_from_heat(self):
+        s=dict(m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,relays=[dict(coercive_field_t=.05,bias_field_t=.01,weight=1.,initial_sign=-1)]);r=self.make(sample=s);r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=.1,ramp_rate_t_s=1.);r.step(.1);amp=sum(r.amplitudes);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.book['hysteresis_heat_j'],.1*amp,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(r._magnetic_energy(),.01*amp,12);self.assertLess(abs(r.ledger()['energy_residual_j']),1e-7)
+    def test_16_inductor_and_joule_integrals_for_linear_ramp(self):
+        r=self.make(sample=False);p=r.plant;r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=1.,ramp_rate_t_s=1.);r.step(1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.ledger()['coil_stored_j'],.5*p['coil_inductance_h']/p['field_per_current_t_a']**2);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.book['coil_joule_j'],p['coil_resistance_ohm']/p['field_per_current_t_a']**2/3);self.assertLess(abs(r.ledger()['energy_residual_j']),1e-7)
+    def test_17_magnet_passive_thermal_matches_independent_integral(self):
+        from scipy.integrate import quad
+        r=self.make(sample=False);p=r.plant;r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=1.,ramp_rate_t_s=1.);r.step(1.);expected=quad(lambda t:p['coil_resistance_ohm']/p['field_per_current_t_a']**2*t*t*math.exp(-(1-t)*p['magnet_cooling_conductance_w_k']/p['magnet_thermal_capacity_j_k']),0,1)[0]/p['magnet_thermal_capacity_j_k'];self.assertAlmostEqual(r.magnet_k-p['ambient_k'],expected,12)
+    def test_18_controller_full_envelope_rejects_impossible_source(self):
+        for p in [dict(m.PLANT_EXAMPLE,field_per_current_t_a=.001),dict(m.PLANT_EXAMPLE,coil_resistance_ohm=10),dict(m.PLANT_EXAMPLE,coil_inductance_h=10)]:
+            r=m.LakeShore8604VsmRuntime()
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(m.ActionRejected,'POWER_SUPPLY'):r.invoke('plant.configure',**p)
+            self.assertIsNone(r.plant)
+    def test_19_mass_volume_and_loaded_sensible_energy(self):
+        r=self.make(sample=False,lower=False);s=dict(m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,initial_temperature_k=299.8);r.invoke('sample.load',**s);expected=s['mass_kg']*s['specific_heat_capacity_j_kg_k']*(299.8-r.plant['ambient_k']);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.ledger()['sample_sensible_loaded_j'],expected);r.step(2);r.invoke('sample.remove');d=r.ledger();self.assertAlmostEqual(d['mass_residual_kg'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(d['volume_residual_m3'],0);self.assertLess(abs(d['energy_residual_j']),1e-7)
+    def test_20_sample_removal_preserves_remaining_local_heat(self):
+        r=self.make();self.loop(r);self.zero_raise(r);t=r.sample_k;r.invoke('sample.remove');self.assertEqual(r.sample_k,t);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.ledger()['sample_thermal_j'],r.plant['sample_local_capacity_j_k']*(t-300));self.assertLess(abs(r.ledger()['energy_residual_j']),1e-7)
+    def test_21_cancel_keeps_magnetic_state_and_continued_coil_heat(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('method.configure',**m.METHOD_EXAMPLE);r.invoke('acquisition.start');r.step(.5);r.invoke('acquisition.stop');rows=copy.deepcopy(r.rows);B=r._pos('field');states=[x['state'] for x in r.relays];q=r.book['coil_joule_j'];r.step(2);self.assertEqual(rows,r.rows);self.assertEqual(B,r._pos('field'));self.assertEqual(states,[x['state'] for x in r.relays]);self.assertGreater(r.book['coil_joule_j'],q)
+    def test_22_zero_field_poweroff_guard_and_display(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=.1,ramp_rate_t_s=1);r.step(.1)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(m.ActionRejected,'ZERO_FIELD'):r.invoke('power.set',enabled=False)
+        self.assertTrue(r.power);r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=0.,ramp_rate_t_s=1);r.step(.1);r.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);self.assertIsNone(r.read()['moment.indicated_a_m2']);self.assertIsNone(r.read()['field.indicated_t'])
+    def test_23_motion_finite_lift_rotation_and_storage(self):
+        r=self.make(lower=False);r.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=0.);r.step(.2);self.assertAlmostEqual(r._pos('lift'),.33);r.step(3.3);r.invoke('sample.set_angle',angle_rad=7.);r.invoke('storage.set_open',opened=True);r.step(.2);self.assertAlmostEqual(r._pos('angle'),.2,6);self.assertAlmostEqual(r._pos('drawer'),.02);r.step(10);self.assertGreater(r._pos('angle'),2*math.pi);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.read()['sample.orientation_rad'],math.atan2(math.sin(r._pos('angle')),math.cos(r._pos('angle'))))
+    def test_24_rotation_projection_at_zero_field(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('vibration.configure',**dict(m.VIBRATION_EXAMPLE,enabled=False));r.invoke('sample.set_angle',angle_rad=math.pi/2);r.step(2);self.assertAlmostEqual(r._moment(),0.,13)
+    def test_25_vibration_strobe_exact_host_phase(self):
+        r=self.make();r.step(.203);expected=.0005*math.sin(2*math.pi*82*r.time_s);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.read()['sample.vibration_z_m'],expected,15)
+    def test_26_loading_and_motion_interlocks(self):
+        r=self.make()
+        for c,a in [('sample.remove',{}),('sample.set_lift',{'lift_m':.35}),('sample.set_angle',{'angle_rad':1.})]:
+            before=r.read('evaluator')
+            with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):r.invoke(c,**a)
+            self.assertEqual(before,r.read('evaluator'))
+    def test_27_real_calibration_uses_external_observed_voltage(self):
+        r=self.make(standard=True);r.invoke('calibration.start',reference_moment_a_m2=.00347,field_t=m.STANDARD_EXAMPLE['reference_field_t'],averaging_time_s=1.);res=self.finish(r);v1,v2=[x['in_phase_voltage_v'] for x in res['rows']];self.assertAlmostEqual(r.calibration_gain,2*.00347*r._sensitivity()/(v1-v2));self.assertAlmostEqual(r.calibration_gain,1/1.03,5);self.assertEqual(r.calibration_offset,(v1+v2)/2)
+    def test_28_wrong_external_standard_changes_gain_without_hidden_correction(self):
+        r=self.make(standard=True);r.invoke('calibration.start',reference_moment_a_m2=.00694,field_t=m.STANDARD_EXAMPLE['reference_field_t'],averaging_time_s=1.);self.finish(r);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.calibration_gain,2/1.03,5)
+    def test_29_coil_or_vibration_settings_invalidate_calibration(self):
+        r=self.make();r.calibration_valid=True;r.invoke('coil.configure',**m.COIL_EXAMPLE);self.assertFalse(r.calibration_valid);r.calibration_valid=True;r.invoke('vibration.configure',**dict(m.VIBRATION_EXAMPLE,frequency_hz=83));self.assertFalse(r.calibration_valid)
+    def test_30_external_loop_crossings_and_units(self):
+        rows=copy.deepcopy(m.CAPS['analysis.loop']['example_arguments']['rows']);res=m.analyze_loop(rows);self.assertTrue(all(abs(x['field_t'])<1e-12 for x in res['coercive_crossings']));self.assertTrue(all(abs(x['external_h_a_m'])<1e-6 for x in res['coercive_crossings']));self.assertAlmostEqual(m.infer_moment(.002,2.,.5,0.),.0005)
+    def test_31_forc_actual_paths_and_local_derivative(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('forc.configure',**m.FORC_EXAMPLE);r.invoke('acquisition.start');res=self.finish(r);self.assertEqual(len(res['rows']),36);self.assertEqual(set(x['reversal_field_t'] for x in r.rows),set(m.FORC_EXAMPLE['reversal_fields_t']));self.assertEqual(len(m.analyze_forc(r.rows)['distribution']),36)
+        rows=copy.deepcopy(m.CAPS['analysis.forc']['example_arguments']['rows']);result=m.analyze_forc(rows);self.assertTrue(all(abs(x['density_a_m2_per_t2']-.0005)<1e-12 for x in result['distribution']))
+    def test_32_forc_requires_reachable_model_saturation_and_valid_rows(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('forc.configure',**dict(m.FORC_EXAMPLE,saturation_field_t=.01,reversal_fields_t=[-.1,-.08,-.05]));before=r.read('evaluator')
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(m.ActionRejected,'SATURATION'):r.invoke('acquisition.start')
+        self.assertEqual(before,r.read('evaluator'));rows=copy.deepcopy(m.CAPS['analysis.forc']['example_arguments']['rows']);rows[0]['moment_a_m2']=None
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):m.analyze_forc(rows)
+    def test_33_partition_invariance_sixty_hz(self):
+        a=self.make();b=self.make()
+        for r in [a,b]:r.invoke('method.configure',**m.METHOD_EXAMPLE);r.invoke('acquisition.start')
+        a.step(4.)
+        for _ in range(240):b.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertEqual(a.phase,b.phase)
+        for x,y in zip(a.rows,b.rows):
+            self.assertEqual(x['window_end_s'],y['window_end_s']);self.assertAlmostEqual(x['moment_a_m2'],y['moment_a_m2'],12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.book['source_energy_j'],b.book['source_energy_j'],9)
+    def test_34_reads_and_describe_are_pure(self):
+        r=self.make();s=self.session(r);before=copy.deepcopy(r.__dict__)
+        for _ in range(3):s.read(instance_id=r.instance_id);s.describe(instance_id=r.instance_id);r.step(0.)
+        self.assertEqual(before,r.__dict__)
+    def test_35_bad_inputs_and_busy_rejections_are_atomic(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('method.configure',**m.METHOD_EXAMPLE);r.invoke('acquisition.start')
+        for c,a in [('field.set_target',dict(field_t=.1,ramp_rate_t_s=1.)),('sim.step',{'dt_s':float('nan')}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':True}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':-1}),('coil.configure',m.COIL_EXAMPLE)]:
+            before=copy.deepcopy(r.__dict__)
+            with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):r.invoke(c,**a)
+            self.assertEqual(before,r.__dict__)
+    def test_36_dual_instances_do_not_share_material_memory_or_clock(self):
+        a=self.make();b=self.make(sample=dict(m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,proxy_specific_moment_a_m2_kg=20.));self.loop(a);self.assertEqual(b.time_s,3.5);self.assertTrue(all(x['state']==-1 for x in b.relays));self.assertNotEqual(a._moment(),b._moment())
+    def test_37_public_results_redact_identity_even_evaluator_forward(self):
+        for role in ['agent','evaluator','debug']:
+            r=self.make();s=self.session(r,'person',role);self.call(s,'method.configure',m.METHOD_EXAMPLE);op=self.call(s,'acquisition.start',{})['operation_id'];self.finish(r);text=json.dumps(self.call(s,'acquisition.result',{})['result'])+json.dumps(s.poll(op));self.assertNotIn('kuleuven',text);self.assertNotIn('CoFe2O4',text);self.assertNotIn('1LDRAQ',text);self.assertIn('synthetic_forward_model',text)
+            if role=='agent':self.assertEqual(self.call(s,'provenance.read',{})['status'],'rejected')
+            else:self.assertIn('1LDRAQ',json.dumps(self.call(s,'provenance.read',{})))
+    def test_38_owner_idempotence_and_request_conflict(self):
+        r=self.make();a=self.session(r,'a','agent');b=self.session(r,'b','agent');self.call(a,'method.configure',m.METHOD_EXAMPLE);first=self.call(a,'acquisition.start',{},'once');self.assertEqual(first,self.call(a,'acquisition.start',{},'once'));self.assertEqual(self.call(a,'acquisition.stop',{},'once')['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):b.poll(first['operation_id'])
+        self.assertEqual(self.call(b,'acquisition.stop',{})['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');a.cancel(first['operation_id'],'cancel');self.assertEqual(a.cancel(first['operation_id'],'cancel')['status'],'succeeded')
+    def test_39_visibility_and_wrong_instance(self):
+        r=self.make();s=self.session(r,'a','agent');self.assertNotIn('truth.mass_kg',s.read(instance_id=r.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertNotIn('plant.configure',s.describe(instance_id=r.instance_id)['capabilities'])
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id='wrong')
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id=r.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.mass_kg'])
+    def test_40_completed_snapshot_survives_new_sample_and_calibration(self):
+        r=self.make();s=self.session(r);self.call(s,'method.configure',m.METHOD_EXAMPLE);op=self.call(s,'acquisition.start',{})['operation_id'];self.finish(r);old=s.poll(op);self.zero_raise(r);r.invoke('sample.remove');r.invoke('sample.load',**dict(m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='crc_cuso4_5h2o',magnetic_model='linear_susceptibility'));r.invoke('calibration.clear');self.assertEqual(old,s.poll(op))
+    def test_41_all_metadata_examples_and_actual_states_validate(self):
+        meta=m.export_lakeshore_8604vsm_contract_metadata()
+        for c in meta['capabilities'].values():m.validate(c['input_schema'],c['example_arguments'])
+        r=self.make();self.loop(r)
+        for key,value in r.read('evaluator').items():m.validate(meta['state_slots'][key]['value_schema'],value)
+        for result,schema in [(r._result(),m.RESULT),(r.ledger(),m.LEDGER),(m.analyze_loop(r.rows),m.LOOP_OUTPUT)]:m.validate(schema,result)
+    def test_42_unsupported_are_explicit(self):
+        r=self.make();s=self.session(r)
+        for c in m.UNSUPPORTED:self.assertEqual(self.call(s,c,{})['status'],'unsupported')
+    def test_43_calibration_async_owner_and_wait(self):
+        r=self.make(standard=True);s=self.session(r,'a','agent');out=self.call(s,'calibration.start',dict(reference_moment_a_m2=.00347,field_t=m.STANDARD_EXAMPLE['reference_field_t'],averaging_time_s=10.));r.step(1.);self.assertFalse(r.calibration_valid);self.assertEqual(s.poll(out['operation_id'])['status'],'running');s.cancel(out['operation_id'],'stop');self.assertFalse(r.calibration_valid)
+    def test_44_each_implemented_capability_executes_with_declared_output(self):
+        r=m.LakeShore8604VsmRuntime('complete');s=self.session(r);seen=set()
+        def call(c,a):
+            response=self.call(s,c,a);self.assertIn(response['status'],['succeeded','accepted'],(c,response));m.validate(m.CAPS[c]['output_schema'],response['result']);seen.add(c);return response
+        for c,a in [('plant.configure',m.PLANT_EXAMPLE),('coil.configure',m.COIL_EXAMPLE),('standard.load',m.STANDARD_EXAMPLE),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('sample.set_angle',{'angle_rad':0.}),('storage.set_open',{'opened':True}),('sample.set_lift',{'lift_m':0.}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':3.5}),('vibration.configure',m.VIBRATION_EXAMPLE),('calibration.start',dict(reference_moment_a_m2=.00347,field_t=m.STANDARD_EXAMPLE['reference_field_t'],averaging_time_s=.2))]:call(c,a)
+        self.finish(r);call('field.set_target',dict(field_t=0.,ramp_rate_t_s=1.));r.step(2.4);r.invoke('vibration.configure',**dict(m.VIBRATION_EXAMPLE,enabled=False));r.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=.35);r.step(3.5);call('sample.remove',{});call('sample.load',m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);r.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=0.);r.step(3.5);r.invoke('vibration.configure',**m.VIBRATION_EXAMPLE)
+        call('method.configure',m.METHOD_EXAMPLE);call('acquisition.start',{});self.finish(r);loop=call('acquisition.result',{})['result'];call('analysis.loop',dict(rows=loop['rows']));call('forc.configure',m.FORC_EXAMPLE);call('acquisition.start',{});self.finish(r);call('analysis.forc',dict(rows=r.rows));call('analysis.moment',m.CAPS['analysis.moment']['example_arguments']);call('provenance.read',{});call('ledger.read',{});call('calibration.clear',{});call('acquisition.start',{});r.step(.1);call('acquisition.stop',{});self.assertEqual(seen,set(m.CAPS)-set(m.UNSUPPORTED))
+
+    def test_45_pending_lift_motion_blocks_field_before_first_step(self):
+        r=self.make();r.invoke('vibration.configure',**dict(m.VIBRATION_EXAMPLE,enabled=False));r.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=.35);before=copy.deepcopy(r.__dict__)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(m.ActionRejected,'MEASUREMENT_POSITION'):r.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=.1,ramp_rate_t_s=1.)
+        self.assertEqual(before,r.__dict__)
+    def test_46_forc_reversal_labels_are_real_quantized_distinct_fields(self):
+        r=self.make();before=copy.deepcopy(r.__dict__)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(m.ActionRejected,'FORC_GRID'):r.invoke('forc.configure',**dict(m.FORC_EXAMPLE,reversal_fields_t=[-.12000001,-.12000002,-.12000003]))
+        self.assertEqual(before,r.__dict__);r.invoke('forc.configure',**dict(m.FORC_EXAMPLE,reversal_fields_t=[-.12000001,-.08000002,-.04000003]));r.invoke('acquisition.start');self.finish(r);self.assertEqual(set(x['reversal_field_t'] for x in r.rows),set(m.quant(x,m.FIELD_RESOLUTION_T) for x in [-.12,-.08,-.04]))
+    def test_47_all_actual_command_state_changes_are_declared(self):
+        r=self.make();s=self.session(r);meta=m.export_lakeshore_8604vsm_contract_metadata()
+        def checked(c,a):
+            before=r.read('evaluator');response=self.call(s,c,a);self.assertIn(response['status'],('succeeded','accepted'));after=r.read('evaluator');changed={k for k in before if before[k]!=after[k]};allowed={x['state_id'] for x in meta['capabilities'][c]['state_effects']};self.assertFalse(changed-allowed,(c,changed-allowed));return response
+        checked('method.configure',m.METHOD_EXAMPLE);checked('acquisition.start',{});checked('sim.step',{'dt_s':4.});checked('calibration.clear',{});checked('coil.configure',m.COIL_EXAMPLE);checked('field.set_target',{'field_t':0.,'ramp_rate_t_s':1.});checked('sim.step',{'dt_s':1.});checked('vibration.configure',dict(m.VIBRATION_EXAMPLE,enabled=False));checked('sample.set_angle',{'angle_rad':1.});checked('sim.step',{'dt_s':1.1});checked('sample.set_lift',{'lift_m':.35});checked('sim.step',{'dt_s':3.5});checked('sample.remove',{});checked('sample.load',m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);checked('power.set',{'enabled':False})
+
+    def test_48_all_available_molar_chi_records_drive_actual_samples(self):
+        count=0
+        for record in m.library().values():
+            if record.get('molar_susceptibility_m3_mol') is None:continue
+            sample=dict(m.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id=record['id'],magnetic_model='linear_susceptibility',initial_temperature_k=299.);r=self.make(sample=sample,plant=dict(m.PLANT_EXAMPLE,ambient_k=299.),lower=False);expected=sample['mass_kg']/record['molar_mass_kg_mol']*record['molar_susceptibility_m3_mol']*.01/m.MU0;self.assertAlmostEqual(r._moment(.01),expected,14);count+=1
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(count,50)
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_lakeshore_measurereadym91.py b/tests/test_asset_lakeshore_measurereadym91.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f98083f98540fb82154a639cc6de4738143bf04f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_lakeshore_measurereadym91.py
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+"""CHEM141 conventional Hall/vdP inverse, external field, real warmup and energy."""
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scripts.asset_runtime import lakeshore_measurereadym91 as r
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('m91_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');asset_tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+OBSERVED=[]
+class Checked(r.LakeShoreMeasurereadyM91Runtime):
+    def invoke(self,k,**a):
+        before=self.read();out=super().invoke(k,**a);after=self.read();changed={x for x in after if after[x]!=before[x]}
+        assert not changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']),(k,changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']))
+        assert not asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']),(k,asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']))
+        OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(out)));return out
+
+def make(plant=None,sample=None,method=None,geometry=None,thermal=None,field=None,warm=True):
+    h=Checked()
+    for c,a in [('plant.configure',dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {}))),('geometry.configure',dict(r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE,**(geometry or {}))),('thermal.configure',dict(r.THERMAL_EXAMPLE,**(thermal or {}))),('field.configure',dict(r.FIELD_EXAMPLE,**(field or {}))),('sample.load',dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {}))),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('sample.set_clamp',{'closed':True}),('thermal.set_temperature',{'temperature_k':r.PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k']}),('field.set_target',{'field_t':.5}),('method.configure',dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**(method or {})))]:h.invoke(c,**a)
+    if warm:h.step(1800.)
+    return h
+
+def finish(h):
+    h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(h.expected_duration);return h.invoke('acquisition.result')
+def paired(h):
+    rows=[];operations=[]
+    for B in [.5,-.5]:
+        h.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=B);h.step(3.);out=finish(h);assert out['phase']=='succeeded',out;rows+=out['rows'];operations.append(out)
+    a=dict(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE,observations=[{k:x[k] for k in r.ANALYSIS_ROW['properties']} for x in rows]);return h.invoke('analysis.hall_vdp',**a),operations
+
+def remove(h):
+    if h.phase=='running':h.invoke('acquisition.stop')
+    h.invoke('sample.set_clamp',closed=False);h.step(.012/h.plant['clamp_speed_m_s']);h.invoke('sample.remove')
+def sessions(h):
+    for n,role in [('student','agent'),('teacher','evaluator'),('other','agent')]:h.register_principal(n,role)
+    return h.session('student'),h.session('teacher'),h.session('other')
+def call(s,c,a=None,rid='r1'):return s.invoke(instance_id=s._host.instance_id,capability_id=c,arguments=a or {},request_id=rid)
+def snapshot(h):
+    keys=['plant','sample','geometry','thermal','field','field_target','field_actual','excitation_mode','voltage','programmed_voltage','current_limit','high_resistance_firmware_enabled','axes','power','target','method','calibration','rows','records','revision','time_ns','_clock_remainder_ns','_counter','_phase_index','_power_started_ns','_button_started_ns']
+    return json.dumps(dict(state=h.read(),ledger=h._ledger(),x=h.x.tolist(),**{k:getattr(h,k) for k in keys}),sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+
+class M91Tests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def budget(self,h,tol=1e-8):
+        for k,v in h.invoke('ledger.read').items():
+            if 'error' in k:self.assertLess(abs(v),tol,(k,v))
+    def reject(self,h,k,**a):
+        before=snapshot(h)
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.invoke(k,**a)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+    def test_01_full_real_warmup_and_no_skip(self):
+        h=make(warm=False);h.step(1799.);self.assertEqual(h.read()['warmup.elapsed_s'],1799.);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(1.);self.assertTrue(h.read()['warmup.ready']);self.assertEqual(finish(h)['phase'],'succeeded')
+    def test_02_power_reset_but_repeated_on_does_not_reset(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('power.set',enabled=True);self.assertEqual(h._warmup(),1800.);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);self.assertEqual(h._warmup(),0.);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=True);h.step(10.);self.assertEqual(h._warmup(),10.);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start')
+    def test_03_button_releases_and_manual_tilt_has_finite_speed(self):
+        h=make(warm=False);self.assertEqual(h.read()['power.position_m'],0.);h.invoke('ui.set_tilt',angle_rad=.26);self.assertEqual(h.read()['ui.tilt_rad'],0.);h.step(.05);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['power.position_m'],.0015);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['ui.tilt_rad'],.025);h.step(.05);self.assertEqual(h.read()['power.position_m'],0.);self.assertTrue(h.power);h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(h.read()['ui.tilt_rad'],.26)
+    def test_04_read_describe_and_zero_step_do_not_advance(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);before=snapshot(h)
+        for _ in range(2):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);e.describe(asset_type_id=r.ASSET_TYPE_ID);h.step(0.)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+    def test_05_real_hall_library_has_signed_experimental_curves(self):
+        lib=r.library();self.assertGreaterEqual(len(lib),50)
+        for row in lib.values():
+            self.assertTrue(row['source']);self.assertEqual(row['evidence'],'measured_literature')
+            for key,value in [('hall_coefficient','value_m3_C'),('resistivity','value_ohm_m')]:
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(len(row['curves'][key]),2);self.assertTrue(all(math.isfinite(p[value]) for p in row['curves'][key]))
+        self.assertGreater(r.transport(lib['starry_40927'],300)['hall_coefficient_m3_c'],0);self.assertLess(r.transport(lib['starry_36130'],300)['hall_coefficient_m3_c'],0)
+    def test_06_paper_temperature_domain_is_stricter_than_raw_grid(self):
+        p=r.library()['starry_40927'];self.assertIsNone(r.transport(p,299));self.assertIsNotNone(r.transport(p,300));h=make();remove(h);self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,initial_temperature_k=299))
+    def test_07_external_field_target_slew_and_response_are_not_instant(self):
+        h=make(field={'slew_t_s':.1,'response_tau_s':1.},warm=False);self.assertEqual(h.field_actual,0.);h.step(2);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.field_actual,.2,14);h.step(3);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.field_actual,.5-.1*math.exp(-1),14);self.reject(h,'field.set_target',field_t=3.)
+    def test_08_external_field_continues_when_m91_off(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);h.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=-.5);before=h.field_actual;h.step(.2);self.assertLess(h.field_actual,before);self.assertFalse(h.power);h.step(3.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.field_actual,-.5,6)
+    def test_09_vdp_forward_identity_all_asymmetries(self):
+        for Rs in [.1,1.,1e6]:
+            for u in [-5.,-.2,0.,.2,5.]:
+                a,b=r.vdp_resistances(Rs,u);self.assertAlmostEqual(math.exp(-math.pi*a/Rs)+math.exp(-math.pi*b/Rs),1.,14)
+    def test_10_external_inverse_uses_observations_without_sample(self):
+        h=Checked();a=dict(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE,hall_factor=1.4);o=h.invoke('analysis.hall_vdp',**a);self.assertAlmostEqual(o['hall_coefficient_m3_c'],.001,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(o['vdp_resistance_a_ohm'],.2,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(o['vdp_resistance_b_ohm'],.3,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(math.exp(-math.pi*.2/o['sheet_resistance_ohm'])+math.exp(-math.pi*.3/o['sheet_resistance_ohm']),1.,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(o['assumed_single_carrier_density_m3']/o['hall_carrier_density_m3'],1.4);self.assertIsNone(h.sample)
+    def test_11_positive_hall_actual_reversal_fit(self):
+        h=make();o,ops=paired(h);truth=r.transport(h.record,300);self.assertLess(abs(o['hall_coefficient_m3_c']/truth['hall_coefficient_m3_c']-1),2e-5);self.assertLess(abs(o['resistivity_ohm_m']/truth['resistivity_ohm_m']-1),1e-5);self.assertEqual(o['carrier_type'],'hole_like_positive_hall');self.assertEqual([len(x['rows']) for x in ops],[9,9]);self.budget(h)
+    def test_12_negative_hall_is_measured_sign_not_seebeck_guess(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'starry_36130'});o,_=paired(h);truth=r.transport(h.record,300);self.assertLess(o['hall_coefficient_m3_c'],0);self.assertLess(abs(o['hall_coefficient_m3_c']/truth['hall_coefficient_m3_c']-1),2e-4);self.assertLess(abs(o['resistivity_ohm_m']/truth['resistivity_ohm_m']-1),2e-5);self.assertEqual(o['carrier_type'],'electron_like_negative_hall');self.budget(h)
+    def test_13_reversal_removes_offsets_misalignment_and_linear_drift(self):
+        h=make(plant={'voltage_offset_a_v':5e-5,'voltage_offset_b_v':-4e-5,'voltage_offset_hall_v':8e-5,'voltage_drift_v_s':5e-8,'hall_misalignment_fraction':.3});o,_=paired(h);truth=r.transport(h.record,300);self.assertLess(abs(o['hall_coefficient_m3_c']/truth['hall_coefficient_m3_c']-1),2e-4);self.assertLess(o['fit_rms_v'],1e-9)
+    def test_14_microamp_range_programs_ten_picoamp(self):
+        h=make(method={'current_range_a':1e-6,'current_a':1e-11});self.assertAlmostEqual(h.programmed_current,1e-11,25);o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertAlmostEqual(o['rows'][1]['current_a'],1e-11,25)
+    def test_15_all_six_current_ranges_have_declared_resolution(self):
+        h=make()
+        for full in r.CURRENT_RANGES:
+            h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,current_range_a=full,current_a=3.2e-5*full));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.programmed_current,3e-5*full,20)
+        self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,current_range_a=1e-6,current_a=1.1e-6))
+    def test_16_millivolt_range_accepts_microvolt_not_minimum_threshold(self):
+        h=make();o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertTrue(all(0<abs(v['voltage_v'])<.001 for v in o['rows']));self.assertLess(abs(o['rows'][6]['voltage_v']),1e-5)
+    def test_17_voltage_fullscale_overflow_is_unavailable(self):
+        h=make(plant={'voltage_offset_a_v':.002});o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(o['error_code'],'VOLTAGE_OVERFLOW');self.assertIsNone(o['rows'][0]['voltage_v']);self.budget(h)
+    def test_18_source_compliance_lowers_actual_current_and_preserves_heat(self):
+        h=make(plant={'current_contact_resistance_ohm':1e6});o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(o['error_code'],'SOURCE_COMPLIANCE');self.assertLess(abs(o['rows'][-1]['current_a']),1.1e-5);self.assertGreater(h._ledger()['source_input_j'],0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_19_zero_excitation_is_not_fake_hall(self):
+        h=make(method={'current_a':0.});self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.programmed_current,0.)
+    def test_20_each_contact_phase_has_real_elapsed_duration(self):
+        h=make(method={'phase_duration_s':20.});h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(19.);self.assertEqual(h.rows,[]);h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(len(h.rows),1);self.assertEqual(h.rows[0]['polarity'],'zero');self.assertEqual(h._polarity(),'positive');h.step(160.);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'succeeded');self.assertEqual([x['time_s'] for x in h.rows],[20.*i for i in range(1,10)])
+    def test_21_sixty_hz_partition_matches_bulk_event_sampling(self):
+        a=make();b=make()
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('acquisition.start')
+        a.step(1.)
+        for _ in range(60):b.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);np.testing.assert_allclose(a.x,b.x,rtol=2e-7,atol=1e-13);self.budget(a);self.budget(b)
+    def test_22_ten_second_scene_clock_matches_bulk_warmup_and_phases(self):
+        a=make(method={'phase_duration_s':20.},warm=False);b=make(method={'phase_duration_s':20.},warm=False);a.step(1800.)
+        for _ in range(180):b.step(10.)
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('acquisition.start')
+        a.step(180.)
+        for _ in range(18):b.step(10.)
+        self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertEqual(b._warmup(),1800.);np.testing.assert_allclose(a.x,b.x,rtol=1e-7,atol=1e-12)
+    def test_23_cancel_freezes_rows_and_electrical_energy_but_not_heat(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.25);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');rows=copy.deepcopy(h.rows);energy=h.x[2:5].copy();temperature=h.x[0];h.step(2.);self.assertEqual(h.rows,rows);np.testing.assert_array_equal(h.x[2:5],energy);self.assertLess(h.x[0],temperature);self.assertEqual(h._electrical()['current'],0.);self.budget(h)
+    def test_24_power_off_stops_acquisition_not_external_temperature_control(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=305.);h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.15);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);before=h._temperature();energy=h.x[2:5].copy();h.step(2.);self.assertGreater(h._temperature(),before);np.testing.assert_array_equal(h.x[2:5],energy);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');self.assertTrue(h.thermal_enabled);self.budget(h)
+    def test_25_source_joule_contact_and_external_thermal_ledgers(self):
+        h=make();finish(h);L=h._ledger();self.assertGreater(L['source_input_j'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(L['source_input_j'],L['sample_joule_j']+L['contact_heat_export_j'],15);self.assertAlmostEqual(L['contact_heat_export_j'],6*.1*(.0005**2)*20,15);self.budget(h)
+    def test_26_temperature_target_and_bounded_power_only_advance_on_step(self):
+        h=make(thermal={'heating_limit_w':.1});before=h.x.copy();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=320);np.testing.assert_array_equal(h.x,before);start=h.x[5];h.step(.2);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.x[5]-start,.02,11);self.budget(h);self.reject(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=400.)
+    def test_27_loading_removal_sensible_heat_mass_and_volume(self):
+        h=make(plant={'ambient_k':299.},warm=False);self.assertAlmostEqual(h._mass(),.0003,15);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.loaded_sensible,.09,12);self.budget(h);h.step(2.);h.invoke('thermal.disable');remove(h);self.assertEqual(h._volume(),0.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.mass_removed,.0003,15);self.assertGreater(h.removed_sensible,0.);self.budget(h)
+    def test_28_geometry_is_locked_while_sample_present(self):
+        h=make();self.reject(h,'geometry.configure',side_m=.02,thickness_m=.0005);remove(h);h.invoke('geometry.configure',side_m=.02,thickness_m=.0005);h.invoke('sample.load',**r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);self.assertAlmostEqual(h._mass(),.0012,15);self.budget(h)
+    def test_29_open_fixture_disconnects_external_heater(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=320.);h.invoke('sample.set_clamp',closed=False);h.step(2.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h._temperature(),300.,12);self.assertEqual(h.x[5],0.);self.budget(h)
+    def test_30_invalid_arguments_and_busy_commands_are_atomic(self):
+        h=make()
+        for dt in [True,-1.,float('inf'),float('nan')]:
+            before=snapshot(h)
+            with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.step(dt)
+            self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+        self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,phase_duration_s=.0100000000005));self.reject(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=True);self.reject(h,'sample.set_clamp',closed=True,extra=1);h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.reject(h,'field.set_target',field_t=-.5);self.reject(h,'sample.set_clamp',closed=False);self.reject(h,'sensor.calibrate',**r.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE)
+    def test_31_field_must_settle_and_clamp_must_close(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=-.5);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(3.);h.invoke('sample.set_clamp',closed=False);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');self.reject(h,'sample.remove')
+    def test_32_calibration_uses_external_coefficients_and_changes_reading(self):
+        h=make(plant={'voltage_gain':1.2},field={'probe_gain':1.1,'probe_offset_t':0.});raw,_=paired(h);h.invoke('sensor.calibrate',**dict(r.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,voltage_gain_correction=1/1.2,field_gain_correction=1/1.1,field_offset_t=0.));fixed,_=paired(h);truth=r.transport(h.record,300);self.assertGreater(abs(raw['resistivity_ohm_m']/truth['resistivity_ohm_m']-1),.19);self.assertLess(abs(fixed['resistivity_ohm_m']/truth['resistivity_ohm_m']-1),1e-5);self.assertLess(abs(fixed['hall_coefficient_m3_c']/truth['hall_coefficient_m3_c']-1),1e-4)
+    def test_33_two_instances_have_independent_material_field_and_clock(self):
+        a=make();b=make(sample={'reference_id':'starry_36130'});before=snapshot(b);finish(a);a.invoke('field.set_target',field_t=-.5);a.step(3.);self.assertEqual(snapshot(b),before)
+    def test_34_visibility_principal_and_target_guards(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);self.assertNotIn('truth.sample_k',a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertIn('truth.field_t',e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertNotIn('field.set_target',a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)['capabilities']);self.assertEqual(call(a,'sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.session('unknown')
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.sample_k'])
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):a.read(instance_id='different')
+    def test_35_idempotence_and_operation_owner_cancellation(self):
+        h=make();a,e,b=sessions(h);start=call(a,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(start,call(a,'acquisition.start'));self.assertEqual(call(a,'power.set',{'enabled':True})['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');self.assertEqual(call(b,'acquisition.stop')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(b,'power.set',{'enabled':False},'off')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');h.step(.25);op=start['operation_id'];reply=a.cancel(op,'cancel');self.assertEqual(reply,a.cancel(op,'cancel'));self.assertEqual(a.poll(op)['status'],'cancelled')
+    def test_36_all_roles_public_results_hide_selected_provenance(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);op=call(a,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.step(h.expected_duration)
+        for payload in [call(a,'acquisition.result',rid='a'),call(e,'acquisition.result',rid='e'),a.poll(op)]:
+            text=json.dumps(payload);self.assertNotIn('starry_40927',text);self.assertNotIn('Cu1.99',text);self.assertNotIn('original_csv',text)
+        self.assertEqual(call(a,'provenance.read',rid='p')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(e,'provenance.read',rid='p')['result']['reference_id'],'starry_40927')
+    def test_37_acquisition_keeps_source_snapshot_after_new_load(self):
+        h=make();old=finish(h);remove(h);self.assertIsNone(h.invoke('provenance.read')['reference_id']);h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='starry_36130'));self.assertEqual(h.invoke('acquisition.result'),old)
+    def test_38_reversal_inverse_rejects_missing_asymmetric_or_rankless_input(self):
+        h=Checked();a=copy.deepcopy(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE)
+        for row in a['observations']:row['field_t']=.5
+        self.reject(h,'analysis.hall_vdp',**a)
+        a=copy.deepcopy(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE)
+        for row in a['observations']:
+            if row['field_t']<0:row['field_t']=-.1
+        self.reject(h,'analysis.hall_vdp',**a)
+        a=copy.deepcopy(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE)
+        for row in a['observations']:row['current_a']=0.
+        self.reject(h,'analysis.hall_vdp',**a);self.reject(h,'analysis.hall_vdp',**dict(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE,accept_single_carrier_model=False))
+    def test_39_assumptions_and_unsupported_are_explicit(self):
+        h=Checked();self.reject(h,'plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,accept_engineering=False));self.reject(h,'plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,compliance_voltage_v=100));h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('geometry.configure',**r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'thermal.configure',**dict(r.THERMAL_EXAMPLE,accept_external_thermal_boundary=False));h.invoke('thermal.configure',**r.THERMAL_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'field.configure',**dict(r.FIELD_EXAMPLE,accept_external_magnet=False));self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_directional_scalar_and_thermal_assumptions=False))
+        for c in r.UNSUPPORTED:self.reject(h,c)
+    def test_40_contract_schemas_and_actual_returns(self):
+        h=make();meta=h.describe()
+        for key,c in meta['capabilities'].items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'],c['input_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,args,result in OBSERVED:self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(result,meta['capabilities'][key]['output_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,value in h.read().items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(value,meta['state_slots'][key]['value_schema']),[],key)
+    def test_41_all_implemented_session_entries_executed(self):
+        h=Checked();h.register_principal('eval','evaluator');s=h.session('eval');seen=set();plan=[('plant.configure',r.PLANT_EXAMPLE),('geometry.configure',r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE),('thermal.configure',r.THERMAL_EXAMPLE),('field.configure',r.FIELD_EXAMPLE),('sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('sample.set_clamp',{'closed':True}),('ui.set_tilt',{'angle_rad':.13}),('thermal.set_temperature',{'temperature_k':300.}),('field.set_target',{'field_t':.5}),('method.configure',r.METHOD_EXAMPLE),('sensor.calibrate',r.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE),('sim.step',{'dt_s':1800.}),('acquisition.start',{}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':.25}),('acquisition.stop',{}),('acquisition.result',{}),('analysis.hall_vdp',r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE),('provenance.read',{}),('ledger.read',{}),('options.configure',{'high_resistance_firmware_enabled':True}),('excitation.voltage.configure',r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE),('acquisition.start',{}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':.25}),('acquisition.stop',{}),('thermal.disable',{}),('sample.set_clamp',{'closed':False}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':2.}),('sample.remove',{}),('power.set',{'enabled':False})]
+        for i,(cap,args) in enumerate(plan):
+            reply=call(s,cap,args,str(i));self.assertIn(reply['status'],('succeeded','accepted'),(cap,reply));self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(reply['result'],r.CAPS[cap]['output_schema']),[],cap);seen.add(cap)
+        self.assertEqual(seen,set(r.CAPS)-set(r.UNSUPPORTED));self.budget(h)
+    def test_42_true_temperature_outside_source_domain_fails_measurement(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=299.);h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.1);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE');self.budget(h)
+
+    def test_43_voltage_excitation_requires_explicit_hr_firmware(self):
+        h=make();self.assertEqual(h.excitation_mode,'current');self.assertFalse(h.high_resistance_firmware_enabled);self.reject(h,'excitation.voltage.configure',**r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE);a,e,_=sessions(h);self.assertEqual(call(a,'options.configure',{'high_resistance_firmware_enabled':True})['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(e,'options.configure',{'high_resistance_firmware_enabled':True})['status'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(call(a,'excitation.voltage.configure',r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,'v')['status'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(h.excitation_mode,'voltage')
+    def test_44_voltage_actual_pair_inverse_positive_and_negative_materials(self):
+        for reference in ['starry_40927','starry_36130']:
+            h=make(sample={'reference_id':reference});h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True);h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE);o,_=paired(h);truth=r.transport(h.record,300.);self.assertLess(abs(o['hall_coefficient_m3_c']/truth['hall_coefficient_m3_c']-1),1e-4);self.assertLess(abs(o['resistivity_ohm_m']/truth['resistivity_ohm_m']-1),1e-5);self.budget(h)
+    def test_45_original_method_restores_current_mode_and_option_can_disable(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True);h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=False);h.invoke('method.configure',**r.METHOD_EXAMPLE);self.assertEqual(h.excitation_mode,'current');self.assertEqual(h.read()['excitation.programmed_voltage_v'],0.);h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=False);self.assertEqual(finish(h)['phase'],'succeeded')
+    def test_46_voltage_programming_four_ranges_and_100nv_resolution(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True)
+        for full in r.VOLTAGE_EXCITATION_RANGES:
+            h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,voltage_range_v=full,voltage_v=1.2e-5*full));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.programmed_voltage,full*1e-5,20)
+        h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,voltage_range_v=.01,voltage_v=1e-7));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.programmed_voltage,1e-7,22);self.reject(h,'excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,voltage_range_v=1.,voltage_v=1.001));self.reject(h,'excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,voltage_range_v=10.,voltage_v=10.001))
+    def test_47_voltage_source_current_limit_is_physical_and_voltage_droops(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True);h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,voltage_range_v=10.,voltage_v=10.,current_measurement_range_a=.1,current_limit_a=.1));h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.15);e=h._electrical();self.assertAlmostEqual(e['current'],.1,14);self.assertLess(e['source_voltage'],3.);self.assertTrue(e['compliance']);self.assertAlmostEqual(e['source_voltage']*e['current'],e['sample_power']+e['contact_power'],14);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['excitation.source_voltage_v'],e['source_voltage']);h.step(.05);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'SOURCE_COMPLIANCE');self.budget(h)
+    def test_48_measurement_overflow_does_not_limit_actual_current(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True);h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,current_measurement_range_a=1e-8));h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.15);e=h._electrical();self.assertGreater(e['current'],1e-4);self.assertFalse(e['compliance']);self.assertIsNone(h.read()['measured.current_a']);self.assertGreater(h._ledger()['source_input_j'],0.);h.step(.05);self.assertEqual(h.error,'CURRENT_MEASUREMENT_OVERFLOW');self.assertIsNone(h.rows[-1]['current_a']);self.budget(h)
+    def test_49_running_voltage_mode_rejects_mode_and_option_changes_atomically(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True);h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.reject(h,'method.configure',**r.METHOD_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'excitation.voltage.configure',**r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=False)
+    def test_50_all_four_current_measurement_ranges_accept_subrange_signals(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True)
+        for full,V in [(1e-8,1e-7),(1e-5,1e-5),(.01,.01),(.1,.01)]:
+            h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,voltage_range_v=.01,voltage_v=V,current_measurement_range_a=full));o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');current=o['rows'][1]['current_a'];self.assertGreater(current,0.);self.assertLess(current,full)
+    def test_51_voltage_sixty_hz_partition_preserves_current_voltage_and_energy(self):
+        a=make();b=make()
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True);h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('acquisition.start')
+        a.step(1.)
+        for _ in range(60):b.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);np.testing.assert_allclose(a.x,b.x,rtol=1e-7,atol=1e-13);self.budget(a);self.budget(b)
+    def test_52_voltage_cancel_freezes_observations_and_source_energy(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True);h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.25);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');rows=copy.deepcopy(h.rows);energy=h.x[2:5].copy();h.step(2.);self.assertEqual(h.rows,rows);np.testing.assert_array_equal(h.x[2:5],energy);self.assertIsNone(h.read()['excitation.source_voltage_v']);self.budget(h)
+    def test_53_overflow_null_cannot_be_input_to_inverse(self):
+        h=make();a=copy.deepcopy(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE);a['observations'][1]['current_a']=None;self.reject(h,'analysis.hall_vdp',**a)
+    def test_54_scpi_current_limit_and_source_zero_voltage_guards(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True)
+        for limit in [0.,9e-8,.101]:self.reject(h,'excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,current_limit_a=limit))
+        h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,current_limit_a=1e-7));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.current_limit,1e-7,22);o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['error_code'],'SOURCE_COMPLIANCE');h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,voltage_v=0.));self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');self.budget(h)
+    def test_55_voltage_current_measurement_quantization_is_declared_not_true_copy(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('options.configure',high_resistance_firmware_enabled=True);h.invoke('excitation.voltage.configure',**dict(r.VOLTAGE_EXAMPLE,current_resolution_fraction=.01));h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.15);observed=h.read()['measured.current_a'];true=h._electrical()['current'];self.assertAlmostEqual(observed,.0005,14);self.assertGreater(abs(observed-true),1e-5);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');self.budget(h)
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_linseis_lsr3.py b/tests/test_asset_linseis_lsr3.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fea05e4a55c8ea0c517e4140d8608ecd90193cd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_linseis_lsr3.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+"""CHEM139 actual transport, finite thermal program and session contract regression."""
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.integrate import quad
+from scripts.asset_runtime import linseis_lsr3 as r
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('lsr_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');asset_tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+OBSERVED=[]
+class Checked(r.LinseisLsr3Runtime):
+    def invoke(self,k,**a):
+        before=self.read();out=super().invoke(k,**a);after=self.read();changed={x for x in after if after[x]!=before[x]}
+        assert not changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']),(k,changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']))
+        assert not asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']),(k,asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']))
+        OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(out)));return out
+
+def make(plant=None,sample=None,method=None,geometry=None,settle=True):
+    h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})));h.invoke('geometry.configure',**dict(r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE,**(geometry or {})));h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));h.invoke('power.set',enabled=True);h.invoke('sample.set_clamp',closed=True);h.step(2.);h.invoke('furnace.set_open',opened=False);h.step(1.8);h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**(method or {})));h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=305.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.);h.invoke('thermal.set_gradient',delta_k=1.)
+    if settle:h.step(7.)
+    return h
+
+def finish(h):h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(h.method['duration_s']);return h.invoke('acquisition.result')
+def remove(h):
+    if h.phase=='running':h.invoke('acquisition.stop')
+    h.invoke('furnace.set_open',opened=True);h.step(1.8);h.invoke('sample.set_clamp',closed=False);h.step(2.);h.invoke('sample.remove')
+def sessions(h):
+    for n,role in [('student','agent'),('teacher','evaluator'),('other','agent')]:h.register_principal(n,role)
+    return h.session('student'),h.session('teacher'),h.session('other')
+def call(s,c,a=None,rid='r1'):return s.invoke(instance_id=s._host.instance_id,capability_id=c,arguments=a or {},request_id=rid)
+def snapshot(h):return json.dumps(dict(state=h.read(),plant=h.plant,sample=h.sample,geometry=h.geometry,ledger=h._ledger(),rows=h.rows,points=h.points,records=h.records,revision=h.revision,calibration=h.calibration,method=h.method,x=h.x.tolist(),axes=h.axes,program=h.program),sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+
+class LsrTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def budget(self,h,tol=1e-7):
+        for k,v in h.invoke('ledger.read').items():
+            if 'error' in k:self.assertLess(abs(v),tol,(k,v))
+    def reject(self,h,k,**a):
+        before=snapshot(h)
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.invoke(k,**a)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+    def test_01_targets_and_axes_never_teleport(self):
+        h=make();old=h.x.copy();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=315.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.);np.testing.assert_array_equal(old,h.x);h.invoke('furnace.set_open',opened=True);self.assertEqual(h.axes['furnace']['position'],0.);h.step(.9);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.axes['furnace']['position'],.09,12);self.budget(h)
+    def test_02_read_describe_zero_are_pure(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);before=snapshot(h)
+        for _ in range(2):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);e.describe(asset_type_id=r.ASSET_TYPE_ID);h.step(0.)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+    def test_03_real_digitized_material_curves(self):
+        lib=r.library();self.assertGreaterEqual(len(lib),50)
+        for v in lib.values():
+            self.assertTrue(v['source']);self.assertTrue(v['evidence'])
+            for key in ['seebeck','resistivity','thermal_conductivity']:
+                t,y=r.curve_xy(v,key);self.assertTrue(np.all(np.diff(t)>0));self.assertTrue(np.all(np.isfinite(y)))
+                if key!='seebeck':self.assertTrue(np.all(y>0))
+        value=r.transport(lib['tematdb_00009'],305.,305.);self.assertAlmostEqual(value['seebeck_v_k'],1.8780087880629725e-4,13);self.assertAlmostEqual(value['resistivity_ohm_m'],8.038874346063209e-6,14)
+    def test_04_seebeck_is_temperature_integral(self):
+        row=r.library()['tematdb_00009'];t,y=r.curve_xy(row,'seebeck');hot=330.;cold=305.;expected=quad(lambda T:float(np.interp(T,t,y)),cold,hot,points=t[(t>cold)&(t<hot)],epsabs=1e-13)[0];actual=r.transport(row,hot,cold);self.assertAlmostEqual(actual['emf_v'],expected,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(r.transport(row,cold,hot)['emf_v'],-expected,12)
+    def test_05_actual_positive_transport(self):
+        h=make();o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(o['rows']),60);self.assertEqual(len(o['transport_points']),20);self.assertEqual([x['polarity'] for x in o['rows'][:3]],['zero','positive','negative']);point=o['transport_points'][-1];ref=r.transport(h.record,305.5,304.5);self.assertLess(abs(point['seebeck_v_k']/ref['seebeck_v_k']-1),.001);self.assertLess(abs(point['resistivity_ohm_m']/ref['resistivity_ohm_m']-1),.001);self.budget(h)
+    def test_06_negative_material_sign(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'tematdb_00038'});o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertLess(o['transport_points'][-1]['seebeck_v_k'],0);self.assertGreater(o['transport_points'][-1]['conductivity_s_m'],0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_07_inverse_uses_only_external_values(self):
+        h=Checked();f=h.invoke('analysis.transport',**r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE);self.assertAlmostEqual(f['seebeck_v_k'],2e-4,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(f['four_probe_resistance_ohm'],.01,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(f['resistivity_ohm_m'],.01*.003**2/.008,12);self.assertIsNone(h.sample)
+    def test_08_bulk_length_is_distinct_from_probe_spacing(self):
+        h=make(plant={'current_contact_resistance_ohm':0.,'voltage_contact_leak_fraction':0.},method={'contact_resistance_correction_ohm':0.});h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.05);v=h._electrical(h._temperature(1),h._temperature(2));rho=r.transport(h.record,h._temperature(1),h._temperature(2))['resistivity_ohm_m'];self.assertAlmostEqual(v['bulk_r'],rho*.02/.003**2,12);self.assertAlmostEqual((v['voltage']-v['emf'])/v['current'],rho*.008/.003**2,12)
+    def test_09_four_wire_contact_rejection_and_explicit_correction(self):
+        a=make(plant={'current_contact_resistance_ohm':2.,'voltage_contact_leak_fraction':0.},method={'contact_resistance_correction_ohm':0.});b=make(plant={'current_contact_resistance_ohm':.2,'voltage_contact_leak_fraction':0.},method={'contact_resistance_correction_ohm':0.});oa=finish(a);ob=finish(b);self.assertEqual(oa['transport_points'],ob['transport_points']);self.assertGreater(a._ledger()['joule_contact_export_j'],b._ledger()['joule_contact_export_j']*9)
+        c=make(method={'contact_resistance_correction_ohm':0.});oc=finish(c);self.assertGreater(oc['transport_points'][-1]['resistivity_ohm_m'],ob['transport_points'][-1]['resistivity_ohm_m']);self.budget(a);self.budget(b);self.budget(c)
+    def test_10_geometry_factor_is_used_and_inverted(self):
+        h=make(method={'geometry_factor':1.2});o=finish(h);ref=r.transport(h.record,305.5,304.5);self.assertLess(abs(o['transport_points'][-1]['resistivity_ohm_m']/ref['resistivity_ohm_m']-1),.001)
+    def test_11_actual_compliance_limits_current(self):
+        h=make(plant={'current_compliance_v':.001,'current_contact_resistance_ohm':1.},method={'current_a':.1,'contact_resistance_correction_ohm':.001});h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.1);row=h.rows[-1];self.assertGreater(row['current_a'],0);self.assertLess(row['current_a'],.001);self.budget(h)
+    def test_12_joule_contact_peltier_energy_balance(self):
+        h=make(method={'current_a':.08});finish(h);d=h._ledger();self.assertGreater(d['joule_sample_j'],0);self.assertGreater(d['joule_contact_export_j'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(d['electrical_source_input_j'],d['joule_sample_j']+d['joule_contact_export_j']+d['peltier_input_j'],15);self.budget(h)
+    def test_13_peltier_net_equals_source_thermoelectric_power(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.05);v=h._electrical(h._temperature(1),h._temperature(2));self.assertAlmostEqual(v['current']*v['s']*(h._temperature(1)-h._temperature(2)),v['current']*v['emf'],18)
+    def test_14_hundred_k_per_min_really_moves_furnace(self):
+        h=make();T=h._temperature(0);h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=355.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.);h.step(3.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.programmed,310.,7);self.assertAlmostEqual(h._temperature(0)-T,5.,6);self.assertGreater((h._temperature(1)+h._temperature(2))/2,309.);self.budget(h)
+    def test_15_minimum_ramp_rate(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=306.,ramp_rate_k_min=.01);h.step(6.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.programmed,305.001,8);self.budget(h)
+    def test_16_program_segments_hold_and_zero_hold_events(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('program.configure',segments=[dict(temperature_k=305.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.,hold_s=0.),dict(temperature_k=305.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.,hold_s=0.),dict(temperature_k=306.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.,hold_s=.2),dict(temperature_k=305.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.,hold_s=0.)]);h.invoke('program.start');h.step(1.4);self.assertFalse(h.program_running);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.programmed,305.,9);self.budget(h)
+    def test_17_program_stop_freezes_setpoint_not_temperature(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('program.configure',**r.PROGRAM_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('program.start');h.step(.3);before=h.programmed;temperature=h.x.copy();h.invoke('program.stop');self.assertEqual(h.target,before);h.step(.2);self.assertEqual(h.programmed,before);self.assertFalse(np.array_equal(h.x,temperature));self.budget(h)
+    def test_18_ramped_temperature_curve_has_observed_transport(self):
+        h=make(method={'duration_s':3.,'equilibrium_tolerance_k':1.});h.invoke('program.configure',segments=[dict(temperature_k=315.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.,hold_s=0.)]);h.invoke('program.start');o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertGreater(o['transport_points'][-1]['temperature_k']-o['transport_points'][0]['temperature_k'],4.);self.assertNotEqual(o['transport_points'][0]['seebeck_v_k'],o['transport_points'][-1]['seebeck_v_k']);self.budget(h)
+    def test_19_heater_saturation_limits_real_heat(self):
+        h=make(plant={'heater_limit_w':1.},settle=False);before=h.x[3];h.step(1.);self.assertLessEqual(h.x[3]-before,1.+1e-9);self.assertLess(h._temperature(0)-298.15,.1);self.budget(h)
+    def test_20_open_furnace_uses_external_exchange(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('thermal.disable');h.invoke('furnace.set_open',opened=True);before=h._temperature(1);h.step(1.8);self.assertLess(h._temperature(1),before);self.assertGreater(h._ledger()['ambient_loss_j'],0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_21_loading_unloading_preserves_mass_volume_sensible(self):
+        h=make(sample={'initial_temperature_k':303.15});self.assertAlmostEqual(h.loaded_sensible,.001386*200.*5.,12);self.budget(h);remove(h);d=h._ledger();self.assertEqual(d['mass_present_kg'],0);self.assertEqual(d['volume_present_m3'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(d['mass_removed_kg'],.001386,12);self.assertGreater(d['removed_sensible_j'],0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_22_loaded_geometry_change_is_rejected(self):
+        h=make();self.reject(h,'geometry.configure',**dict(r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE,width_m=.004));remove(h);self.reject(h,'geometry.configure',**dict(r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE,probe_spacing_m=.005));self.reject(h,'geometry.configure',**dict(r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE,length_m=.004));h.invoke('geometry.configure',**dict(r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE,width_m=.004));self.assertEqual(h.geometry['width_m'],.004)
+    def test_23_cancel_freezes_rows_stops_current_retains_heat(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.1);self.assertNotEqual(h._electrical(h._temperature(1),h._temperature(2))['current'],0);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');rows=copy.deepcopy(h.rows);joule=h.x[5];control=h.x[3];h.step(.5);self.assertEqual(h.rows,rows);self.assertEqual(h.x[5],joule);self.assertEqual(h._polarity(),'zero');self.assertNotEqual(h.x[3],control);self.budget(h)
+    def test_24_power_off_preserves_residual_and_passive_cooling(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.1);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);x=h.x.copy();stored=h._ledger()['thermal_stored_j'];h.step(.5);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');self.assertEqual(h.x[3],x[3]);self.assertEqual(h.x[4],x[4]);self.assertEqual(h.x[5],x[5]);self.assertLess(h._ledger()['thermal_stored_j'],stored);self.assertIsNone(h._observed()['voltage']);self.budget(h)
+    def test_25_reference_overlap_no_extrapolation(self):
+        record=r.library()['tematdb_00009'];self.assertIsNone(r.transport(record,600.,599.));h=make();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=600.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.);h.step(180.);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');self.assertIsNone(h._observed()['voltage']);self.budget(h)
+    def test_26_crossing_reference_boundary_fails_record(self):
+        h=make(method={'duration_s':6.,'equilibrium_tolerance_k':1.});h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=477.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.);h.step(107.);h.invoke('program.configure',segments=[dict(temperature_k=490.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.,hold_s=0.)]);h.invoke('program.start');h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(6.);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE');self.assertIsNone(h.rows[-1]['voltage_v']);self.assertEqual(h._polarity(),'zero');self.budget(h)
+    def test_27_explicit_sensor_calibration_changes_observations(self):
+        h=make(plant={'voltage_gain':1.2,'voltage_offset_v':2e-6,'hot_sensor_bias_k':.1,'cold_sensor_bias_k':-.1});h.invoke('sensor.calibrate',voltage_gain_correction=1/1.2,voltage_offset_v=2e-6,hot_offset_k=.1,cold_offset_k=-.1);o=finish(h);self.assertLess(abs(o['transport_points'][-1]['seebeck_v_k']/1.878008788e-4-1),.001)
+    def test_28_sixty_hz_partition_clock_and_sampling(self):
+        a=make();b=make()
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('acquisition.start')
+        a.step(3.)
+        for _ in range(180):b.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);np.testing.assert_allclose(a.x,b.x,rtol=1e-9,atol=2e-9);self.budget(a);self.budget(b)
+    def test_29_program_motion_partition_invariance(self):
+        a=make();b=make()
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('program.configure',**r.PROGRAM_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('program.start')
+        a.step(2.)
+        for _ in range(137):b.step(2/137)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.programmed,b.programmed,8);np.testing.assert_allclose(a.x,b.x,rtol=1e-8,atol=1e-8)
+    def test_30_input_grids_and_rejections_are_atomic(self):
+        h=make()
+        for dt in [True,-1,float('inf'),float('nan')]:
+            before=snapshot(h)
+            with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.step(dt)
+            self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+        self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,duration_s=.2));self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,current_a=.22));self.reject(h,'thermal.set_gradient',delta_k=-1.);self.reject(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=1100.,ramp_rate_k_min=100.);self.reject(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=310.,ramp_rate_k_min=101.);self.reject(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=True,ramp_rate_k_min=1.)
+    def test_31_busy_mechanical_interlocks(self):
+        h=make();self.reject(h,'sample.set_clamp',closed=False);h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.reject(h,'furnace.set_open',opened=True);self.reject(h,'sample.remove');self.reject(h,'method.configure',**r.METHOD_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'sensor.calibrate',**r.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE)
+    def test_32_two_instances_are_independent(self):
+        a=make();b=make(sample={'reference_id':'tematdb_00038'});before=snapshot(b);finish(a);self.assertEqual(snapshot(b),before);self.assertNotEqual(a._source,b._source)
+    def test_33_identity_visibility_and_authority(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);self.assertNotIn('truth.hot_k',a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertIn('truth.hot_k',e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertNotIn('sample.load',a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)['capabilities']);self.assertEqual(call(a,'sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.session('nobody')
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.hot_k'])
+    def test_34_request_dedup_owner_and_cancel(self):
+        h=make();a,e,b=sessions(h);start=call(a,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(start,call(a,'acquisition.start'));self.assertEqual(call(a,'power.set',{'enabled':True})['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');self.assertEqual(call(b,'acquisition.stop')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(b,'power.set',{'enabled':False},'off')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');h.step(.1);op=start['operation_id'];reply=a.cancel(op,'cancel');self.assertEqual(reply,a.cancel(op,'cancel'));self.assertEqual(a.poll(op)['status'],'cancelled')
+    def test_35_all_role_public_results_hide_selected_provenance(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);op=call(a,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.step(3.)
+        for payload in [call(a,'acquisition.result',rid='a'),call(e,'acquisition.result',rid='e'),a.poll(op)]:
+            text=json.dumps(payload);self.assertNotIn('tematdb_00009',text);self.assertNotIn('am201386',text);self.assertNotIn('Bi0.3',text)
+        self.assertEqual(call(a,'provenance.read',rid='p')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(e,'provenance.read',rid='p')['result']['reference_id'],'tematdb_00009')
+    def test_36_result_source_snapshot_and_reload(self):
+        h=make();old=finish(h);remove(h);self.assertIsNone(h.invoke('provenance.read')['reference_id']);h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='tematdb_00038'));self.assertEqual(h.invoke('acquisition.result'),old);self.assertEqual(h.invoke('provenance.read')['reference_id'],'tematdb_00038')
+    def test_37_assumptions_and_unsupported_are_explicit(self):
+        h=Checked();self.reject(h,'plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,accept_engineering=False));h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('geometry.configure',**r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_directional_scalar_proxy=False));self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_engineering_density_heat_capacity=False))
+        for k in r.UNSUPPORTED:self.reject(h,k)
+        h.register_principal('student');self.assertEqual(call(h.session('student'),'accuracy.certification')['status'],'unsupported')
+    def test_38_analysis_failure_and_delta_guards(self):
+        h=make();self.reject(h,'analysis.transport',**dict(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE,hot_temperature_k=304.5));self.reject(h,'analysis.transport',**dict(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE,positive_voltage_v=0.));h.invoke('thermal.set_gradient',delta_k=0.);h.step(3.);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start')
+    def test_39_metadata_schemas_and_actual_outputs(self):
+        h=make();meta=h.describe()
+        for key,c in meta['capabilities'].items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'],c['input_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,args,result in OBSERVED:self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(result,meta['capabilities'][key]['output_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,value in h.read().items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(value,meta['state_slots'][key]['value_schema']),[],key)
+    def test_40_all_implemented_session_entries(self):
+        h=Checked();h.register_principal('eval','evaluator');s=h.session('eval');seen=set();plan=[('plant.configure',r.PLANT_EXAMPLE),('geometry.configure',r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE),('sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('sample.set_clamp',{'closed':True}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':2.}),('furnace.set_open',{'opened':False}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':1.8}),('thermal.set_temperature',{'temperature_k':305.,'ramp_rate_k_min':100.}),('thermal.set_gradient',{'delta_k':1.}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':7.}),('sensor.calibrate',r.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE),('method.configure',r.METHOD_EXAMPLE),('program.configure',r.PROGRAM_EXAMPLE),('program.start',{}),('program.stop',{}),('acquisition.start',{}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':.1}),('acquisition.stop',{}),('acquisition.result',{}),('analysis.transport',r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE),('provenance.read',{}),('ledger.read',{}),('thermal.disable',{}),('furnace.set_open',{'opened':True}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':1.8}),('sample.set_clamp',{'closed':False}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':2.}),('sample.remove',{}),('power.set',{'enabled':False})]
+        for i,(cap,args) in enumerate(plan):
+            out=call(s,cap,args,str(i));self.assertIn(out['status'],('accepted','succeeded'),(cap,out));self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(out['result'],r.CAPS[cap]['output_schema']),[],cap);seen.add(cap)
+        self.assertEqual(seen,set(r.CAPS)-set(r.UNSUPPORTED));self.budget(h)
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_malvern_microcalpeaq.py b/tests/test_asset_malvern_microcalpeaq.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f84a9e6e0fe31d72ebda3fb52c25934d15cd1ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_malvern_microcalpeaq.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1306 @@
+"""CHEM-169 MicroCal PEAQ-ITC (standard, with the washing module): runtime tests (python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_malvern_microcalpeaq.py, matterix env)."""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+import warnings
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import malvern_microcalpeaq as m  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=RuntimeWarning)
+rt = m
+UC = m.UCAL
+SEEN = set()                                     # (capability, rejection code) pairs produced by the tests
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(m.export_malvern_microcalpeaq_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = m.MalvernMicrocalpeaqRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema, the clock and the declared immediate effects; every rejection code is
+    recorded and must leave the state unchanged."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except m.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        if before is not None:
+            after = self.read('evaluator')
+            ch = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])}
+            if ch:
+                raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} rejected but changed state: {sorted(ch)}')
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(m.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=json.loads(json.dumps(a, default=str)), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+m.MalvernMicrocalpeaqRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+
+def INJ(n, v=2e-9, sp=150.0, d=4.0, first=4e-10):
+    return [dict(volume_m3=first, duration_s=0.8, spacing_s=sp)] + [dict(volume_m3=v, duration_s=d, spacing_s=sp)] * n
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=7, room=295.15, age=0.0, warm=3000.0, power=True):
+        self.R = m.MalvernMicrocalpeaqRuntime()
+        self.R.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.R.register_principal('other', 'agent')
+        self.R.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        self.A, self.B, self.E = self.R.session('agent'), self.R.session('other'), self.R.session('ev')
+        self.I = self.R.instance_id
+        self.n = 0
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=room, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=seed, reference_age_s=age)
+        if power:
+            self.call(self.A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+            self.call(self.A, 'wash.power_set', enabled=True)
+            self.step(warm)
+
+    def call(self, s, cap, expect=None, **a):
+        self.n += 1
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=self.I, capability_id=cap, arguments=a, request_id=f'q{self.n}')
+        if expect is None:
+            assert r['status'] in ('succeeded', 'accepted'), (cap, r['error'])
+        else:
+            assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported') and r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, expect, r['status'], r['error'])
+            SEEN.add((cap, expect))
+        return r
+
+    def rd(self, *ids):
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in self.E.read(instance_id=self.I, state_ids=list(ids))['observations'].items()}
+
+    def v(self, k):
+        return self.rd(k)[k]
+
+    def step(self, dt):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(dt))
+
+    def until(self, pred, maxs=40000.0, dt=1.0):
+        t = 0.0
+        while not pred() and t < maxs:
+            self.R.step(dt)
+            t += dt
+        return t
+
+    def method(self, inj, T=298.15, pref=5.0, fb='high', stir=12.5, delay=60.0, cell=0.1, syr=1.0, s=None):
+        return self.call(s or self.A, 'method.set', temperature_k=T, reference_power_w=pref * UC, feedback=fb, stir_rate_hz=stir, initial_delay_s=delay, injections=inj,
+                         cell_concentration_mol_m3=cell, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=syr)['result']
+
+    def prep(self, sid, buf=None, solutes=None, vol=1e-6, buffer_from=None, degas=True, s=None):
+        a = dict(solution_id=sid, volume_m3=vol)
+        if buf:
+            a['buffer'] = dict(buffer_id=buf[0], concentration_mol_m3=buf[1], ph=buf[2])
+        if buffer_from:
+            a['buffer_from'] = buffer_from
+        if solutes:
+            a['solutes'] = [dict(species_id=k, concentration_mol_m3=v) for k, v in solutes.items()]
+        r = self.call(s or self.A, 'solution.prepare', **a)['result']
+        if degas:
+            self.call(s or self.A, 'solution.degas', solution_id=sid)
+        return r
+
+    def stock(self, sid, buf, comps, vol=1e-6):
+        self.call(self.E, 'stock.provide', stock_id=sid, volume_m3=vol, buffer=dict(buffer_id=buf[0], concentration_mol_m3=buf[1], ph=buf[2]) if buf else None,
+                  components=[dict(species_id=k, concentration_mol_m3=v) for k, v in comps.items()])
+
+    def move(self, loc, s=None):
+        self.call(s or self.A, 'pipette.move', location=loc)
+        self.until(lambda: self.R.pip['phase'] is None)
+
+    def away(self, s=None):
+        if self.R.pip['loc'] == 'cell':
+            self.move('rest', s)
+
+    def load_syringe(self, sol, tube=6e-8, s=None):
+        s = s or self.A
+        self.away(s)
+        if self.R.tube is not None:
+            if self.R.pip['loc'] == 'load':
+                self.move('rest', s)
+            self.call(s, 'tube.remove')
+        self.call(s, 'tube.place', solution_id=sol, volume_m3=tube)
+        if not self.R.fpa:
+            self.call(s, 'fpa.attach')
+        self.call(s, 'syringe.plunger_down')
+        self.until(lambda: self.R.plunger_target is None)
+        self.move('load', s)
+        op = self.call(s, 'syringe.load')['operation_id']
+        self.until(lambda: self.R.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running')
+        self.move('rest', s)
+        self.call(s, 'fpa.detach')
+        return op
+
+    def load(self, cell_sol, syr_sol, tube=6e-8, cellvol=3e-7, rinse=True, s=None):
+        s = s or self.A
+        self.away(s)
+        self.call(s, 'cell.load', solution_id=cell_sol, volume_m3=cellvol, rinse=rinse)
+        self.load_syringe(syr_sol, tube, s)
+        self.move('cell', s)
+
+    def run(self, eid, s=None, maxs=60000.0):
+        op = self.call(s or self.A, 'run.start', experiment_id=eid)['operation_id']
+        self.until(lambda: self.R.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', maxs=maxs, dt=2.0)
+        return (s or self.A).poll(op)
+
+    def an(self, eid, model='one_set_of_sites', s=None, **kw):
+        return self.call(s or self.A, 'data.analyze', experiment_id=eid, model=model, **kw)['result']
+
+    def clean(self, cell_method='wash', syringe_method='rinse', stop_after=None):
+        self.away()
+        if cell_method != 'none' and not self.R.tool_in:
+            self.call(self.A, 'cleaning_tool.insert')
+        if syringe_method != 'none':
+            self.move('clean')
+            if not self.R.fpa:
+                self.call(self.A, 'fpa.attach')
+        op = self.call(self.A, 'clean.start', cell_method=cell_method, syringe_method=syringe_method)['operation_id']
+        if stop_after is not None:
+            self.R.step(stop_after)
+            self.call(self.A, 'instrument.stop')
+        else:
+            self.until(lambda: self.R.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running')
+        return self.R.operations[op]
+
+    def ca_edta(self, inj=None, eid='e1', pref=5.0, T=298.15, rinse=True):
+        self.method(inj or INJ(19), cell=0.1, syr=1.0, pref=pref, T=T)
+        self.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1}, vol=3e-6)
+        self.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        self.load('edta', 'ca', rinse=rinse)
+        return self.run(eid)
+
+
+def pv(res):
+    return {p['name']: p['value'] for p in res['parameters']}
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- contract and libraries
+class ContractAndLibraries(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_contract_metadata_and_examples(self):
+        meta = m.export_malvern_microcalpeaq_contract_metadata()
+        self.assertEqual(len(meta['capabilities']), len(m.CAPS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+            m.validate(m.CAPS[k]['input_schema'], c['example_arguments'])
+        for k, v in m.EFFECTS.items():
+            self.assertTrue(set(v) <= set(m.SLOTS), k)
+        for k, v in m.ON_STEP.items():
+            self.assertTrue(set(v) <= set(m.SLOTS), k)
+        self.assertTrue(all(k in m.PRECONDITIONS or k in m.UNSUPPORTED or m.CAPS[k]['kind'] == 'query' or k in ('plant.configure', 'sim.step') for k in m.CAPS))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='contract_examples_validate', status='passed', capabilities=len(m.CAPS)))
+
+    def test_buffer_library_real_data(self):
+        b = m.buffers()
+        documented = [k for k, v in b.items() if v['evidence'] == 'documented' and any(s['pK'] is not None and s['dH_J_mol'] is not None for s in v['steps'])]
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(b), 69)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(documented), 50)
+        for v in b.values():
+            self.assertTrue(v['source'] and v['evidence'])
+        # Goldberg 2002 section 8 values
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['mes']['steps'][0]['pK'], 6.27)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['tris']['steps'][0]['dH_J_mol'], 47450.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['hepes']['steps'][-1]['pK'], 7.564)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['phosphate']['steps'][1]['dH_J_mol'], 3600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['water']['steps'][0]['dH_J_mol'], 55810.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='buffer_library', status='passed', buffers=len(b), documented=len(documented)))
+
+    def test_acid_base_solver(self):
+        T = 298.15
+        th = m.proton_excess_for_ph({'tris': 0.02}, 8.0, 0.0, T)
+        r0, r1 = m._speciate({'tris': 0.02}, th, 0.0, T), m._speciate({'tris': 0.02}, th + 1e-4, 0.0, T)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r0['ph'], 8.0, places=6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((r1['enthalpy'] - r0['enthalpy']) / 1e-4, -47450.0, delta=600.0)      # protonation of Tris
+        # phosphate pK2 at I ~ 0.1 drops by ~4 A f(I) (Debye-Hueckel; the familiar ~6.8)
+        th = m.proton_excess_for_ph({'phosphate': 0.05}, 7.0, 0.0, T)
+        sp = m._speciate({'phosphate': 0.05}, th, 0.0, T)
+        ratio = sp['species'][('phosphate', 1)] / sp['species'][('phosphate', 2)]
+        pk2_mixed = 7.0 - math.log10(ratio)                                          # pH (activity) - log([HPO4]/[H2PO4]): the familiar ~6.86 at I ~ 0.1
+        self.assertTrue(6.75 < pk2_mixed < 6.95, pk2_mixed)
+        # van 't Hoff with dCp: Tris pK falls ~0.028 per K
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(m._vh(8.072, 47450.0, -59.0, 308.15)[0] - 8.072, -0.25, delta=0.03)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='acid_base_solver', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_dilution_and_binding_libraries(self):
+        hxx, hxxx = m._dilution_params('propan_1_ol', 298.15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(-(hxx * 1.849 + hxxx * 1.849 ** 2), -1572.0, delta=2.0)              # IUPAC check value
+        A, B = m._dilution_params('sucrose', 298.15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(A, -834.95 + 4.719 * 298.15)
+        bl = m.bindings()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bl['ca_edta_mes_ph56']['kd_m'], 573e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bl['ba_18crown6']['dh_j_mol'], -31420.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(1 / bl['ba_18crown6']['kd_m'], 5900.0, places=3)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='dilution_binding_libraries', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_design_simulator_ca_edta(self):
+        r = Rig(power=False)
+        out = r.call(r.A, 'design.simulate', n=1.01, kd_mol_m3=5.73e-4, dh_j_mol=-16359.44, cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0,
+                     injection_volumes_m3=[4e-10] + [2e-9] * 19)['result']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['second_injection_heat_j'] / UC, -7.9, delta=0.3)              # TN240816: injection 2 -7.9 ucal
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['total_heat_j'] / UC, -78.2, delta=0.05 * 78.2)                # TN240816: total -78.2 ucal (measured total includes dilution heats)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['c_value'], 176.3, delta=1.0)
+        low = r.call(r.A, 'design.simulate', n=1.0, kd_mol_m3=1e-3, dh_j_mol=-4000.0, cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.002, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=0.05,
+                     injection_volumes_m3=[2e-9] * 19)['result']
+        self.assertTrue(any('1 µcal' in g for g in low['guidance']) and any('c值' in g for g in low['guidance']))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='design_simulator_tn240816', status='passed', inj2_ucal=out['second_injection_heat_j'] / UC))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- calibration and instrument physics
+class Calibration(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_ca_edta_test_kit_reproduces_tn240816(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=1)
+        poll = r.ca_edta()
+        self.assertEqual(poll['status'], 'succeeded')
+        res = r.an('e1', exclude_injections=[1], control='fitted_offset')
+        p = pv(res)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['n'], 1.01, delta=0.03)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['kd'] * 1e6 / 1000, 573e-3, delta=0.573e-1 * 1.5)       # KD 573 nM +-15 %
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['dh'], -16359.44, delta=0.03 * 16359.44)
+        inj = res['injections']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(inj[1]['heat_j'] / UC, -7.9, delta=0.4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(i['heat_j'] for i in inj) / UC, -78.2, delta=0.05 * 78.2)
+        self.assertEqual(res['bin'], 'Binding')
+        self.assertLess(abs(inj[0]['ndh_j_mol']), 0.9 * abs(inj[1]['ndh_j_mol']))                  # first injection artifact (needle-tip diffusion)
+        d = res['derived']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(d['dg_j_mol'], m.R_GAS * 298.15 * math.log(p['kd'] / 1000.0), places=6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(d['minus_tds_j_mol'], d['dg_j_mol'] - p['dh'], places=6)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='ca_edta_tn240816', status='passed', n=p['n'], kd_mol_m3=p['kd'], dh_j_mol=p['dh'], inj2_ucal=inj[1]['heat_j'] / UC))
+
+    def test_feedback_response_noise_and_stirring_baseline(self):
+        out = {}
+        for fb, sp in (('high', 150.0), ('none', 400.0)):
+            r = Rig(seed=3)
+            r.method(INJ(2, sp=sp), fb=fb)
+            r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+            r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+            r.load('edta', 'ca')
+            r.run('e')
+            e = r.R.experiments['e']
+            t, dp = np.array(e['t']), np.array(e['dp'])
+            s2 = e['injections'][1]['start_s']
+            base = dp[(t > s2 - 10) & (t < s2)].mean()
+            tau0 = m.ENG['response_time_s'][fb]
+            w = (t > s2 + 25) & (t < s2 + 25 + 3 * tau0)
+            tau = -1 / np.polyfit(t[w], np.log(np.abs(dp[w] - base)), 1)[0]
+            pre = dp[t < 55]
+            out[fb] = (tau, np.std(np.diff(pre)) / math.sqrt(2), pre.mean())
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['high'][0], 8.0, delta=0.5)                      # documented: response time 8 s (63 % of the peak)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['none'][0], 60.0, delta=4.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['high'][1] / 4.184e-9, 0.15, delta=0.03)         # documented: 0.15 ncal/s
+        self.assertLess(out['none'][1], out['high'][1])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((out['high'][2] - 5 * UC) / UC, -0.25, delta=0.03)   # stirring friction lowers the baseline below the reference power
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='response_noise_stirring', status='passed', tau_high_s=out['high'][0], tau_none_s=out['none'][0]))
+
+    def test_iupac_ba_18_crown_6_and_heat_capacity(self):
+        dh = {}
+        for T in (288.15, 308.15):
+            r = Rig(seed=11)
+            inj = [dict(volume_m3=4e-10, duration_s=2.0, spacing_s=180.0)] + [dict(volume_m3=1.5e-9, duration_s=8.0, spacing_s=180.0)] * 24
+            r.method(inj, T=T, pref=10.0, cell=1.0, syr=10.0)
+            r.prep('crown', None, {'18_crown_6': 1.0})
+            r.prep('ba', None, {'ba2+': 10.0})
+            r.step(2400)
+            r.load('crown', 'ba')
+            r.run('b')
+            res = r.an('b', control='fitted_offset')
+            p = pv(res)
+            dh[T] = p['dh']
+            kd_ref = 1 / 5900.0 * 1000 * math.exp(-31420.0 / m.R_GAS * (1 / T - 1 / 298.15))     # van 't Hoff from the IUPAC values (approximate)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(p['kd'] / kd_ref, 1.0, delta=0.2)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(p['n'], 1.0, delta=0.03)
+        dcp = (dh[308.15] - dh[288.15]) / 20.0
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((dh[288.15] + dh[308.15]) / 2, -31420.0, delta=1500.0)    # IUPAC 2001: -31.42 kJ/mol at 298.15 K
+        self.assertTrue(60.0 < dcp < 190.0, dcp)                                          # IUPAC 2001: dCp = 126 J/K/mol
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='iupac_ba_crown', status='passed', dcp_j_k_mol=dcp))
+
+
+class Models(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_competitive_displacement(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.method(INJ(19), cell=0.02, syr=0.2)
+        r.prep('cell', ('phosphate', 20.0, 7.5), {'carbonic_anhydrase_ii': 0.02, 'sulfanilamide': 1.0})
+        r.prep('az', buffer_from='cell', solutes={'acetazolamide': 0.2})
+        r.load('cell', 'az')
+        r.run('c')
+        direct = pv(r.an('c', control='fitted_offset'))
+        comp = pv(r.an('c', model='competitive', control='fitted_offset', competitor=dict(kd_mol_m3=0.15, dh_j_mol=-33472.0, concentration_mol_m3=1.0)))
+        self.assertGreater(direct['kd'], 4 * 2e-5)                        # the weak competitor makes acetazolamide look weaker
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(comp['kd'] / 2e-5, 1.0, delta=0.25)        # design example: KD 20 nM
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(comp['dh'], -50208.0, delta=2500.0)
+        self.assertGreater(direct['dh'], comp['dh'] + 15000.0)            # apparent dH includes the displaced sulfanilamide
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='competitive', status='passed', kd_mol_m3=comp['kd']))
+
+    def test_two_sets_and_sequential_sites(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', interaction_id='a', model='sites', receptor='p2', ligand='l2', n=1.0, kd_mol_m3=1e-5, dh_j_mol=-40000.0, site='a')
+        r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', interaction_id='b', model='sites', receptor='p2', ligand='l2', n=1.0, kd_mol_m3=5e-3, dh_j_mol=-15000.0, site='b')
+        r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', interaction_id='sq', model='sequential', receptor='p3', ligand='l3', ks_mol_m3=[1e-3, 5e-2], dhs_j_mol=[-30000.0, -10000.0])
+        r.stock('p2s', ('hepes', 20.0, 7.5), {'p2': 0.03})
+        r.stock('l2s', ('hepes', 20.0, 7.5), {'l2': 0.6})
+        r.stock('p3s', ('hepes', 20.0, 7.5), {'p3': 0.05})
+        r.stock('l3s', ('hepes', 20.0, 7.5), {'l3': 1.0})
+        r.method(INJ(19), cell=0.03, syr=0.6)
+        r.load('p2s', 'l2s')
+        r.run('t2')
+        two = pv(r.an('t2', model='two_sets_of_sites', control='fitted_offset'))
+        kds = sorted([(two['kd1'], two['dh1']), (two['kd2'], two['dh2'])])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(kds[0][0] / 1e-5, 1.0, delta=0.4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(kds[1][0] / 5e-3, 1.0, delta=0.4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(kds[0][1], -40000.0, delta=2500.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(kds[1][1], -15000.0, delta=3000.0)
+        r.clean()
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.remove')
+        r.method(INJ(19), cell=0.05, syr=1.0)
+        r.load('p3s', 'l3s')
+        r.run('sq')
+        sq = pv(r.an('sq', model='sequential_binding_sites', sites=2, control='fitted_offset'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sq['kd1'] / 1e-3, 1.0, delta=0.3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sq['kd2'] / 5e-2, 1.0, delta=0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sq['dh1'], -30000.0, delta=2000.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='two_sets_sequential', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_dimer_dissociation(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', interaction_id='dm', model='dimer', receptor='dimer_x', kd_mol_m3=0.1, dh_j_mol=40000.0)
+        r.stock('dx', ('hepes', 20.0, 7.5), {'dimer_x': 2.0}, vol=5e-7)
+        r.prep('buf', ('hepes', 20.0, 7.5))
+        r.method(INJ(19, v=1.5e-9), cell=1e-6, syr=2.0)
+        r.load('buf', 'dx')
+        r.run('d')
+        res = r.an('d', model='dissociation', control='fitted_offset')
+        p = pv(res)
+        self.assertTrue(res['injections'][1]['heat_j'] > res['injections'][-1]['heat_j'] > 0)      # endothermic dissociation, heats decrease
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['kd_dimer'] / 0.1, 1.0, delta=0.15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['dh_dissociation'], 40000.0, delta=2000.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='dimer_dissociation', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_enzyme_kinetics_single_and_multiple_injection(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.method([dict(volume_m3=1e-8, duration_s=30.0, spacing_s=7200.0)], pref=10.0, cell=3.3e-5, syr=262.0)
+        r.prep('inv', ('acetate', 100.0, 5.65), {'invertase': 3.3e-5})
+        r.prep('suc', buffer_from='inv', solutes={'sucrose': 262.0})
+        r.load('inv', 'suc')
+        r.run('sim')
+        sim = r.an('sim', model='enzyme_kinetics_single', exclude_injections=[])
+        p = pv(sim)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['dh'], -14950.0, delta=0.06 * 14950.0)     # IUPAC 2001: sucrose hydrolysis -14.95 kJ/mol (+ sucrose dilution)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['km'] / 25.0, 1.0, delta=0.35)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['kcat'] / 600.0, 1.0, delta=0.35)
+        r2 = Rig(seed=6)
+        r2.method([dict(volume_m3=2e-9, duration_s=4.0, spacing_s=240.0)] * 10, cell=1e-6, syr=200.0)
+        r2.prep('inv', ('acetate', 100.0, 5.65), {'invertase': 1e-6})
+        r2.prep('suc', buffer_from='inv', solutes={'sucrose': 200.0})
+        r2.load('inv', 'suc')
+        r2.run('mim')
+        r2.call(r2.A, 'data.analyze', 'ENZYME_DH_REQUIRED', experiment_id='mim', model='enzyme_kinetics_multiple')
+        mim = pv(r2.an('mim', model='enzyme_kinetics_multiple', exclude_injections=[], enzyme_dh_j_mol=-14950.0))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(mim['km'] / 25.0, 1.0, delta=0.35)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(mim['kcat'] / 600.0, 1.0, delta=0.3)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='enzyme_kinetics', status='passed', sim=p, mim=mim))
+
+    def test_proton_linkage_buffer_ionization_heat(self):
+        dh = {}
+        for b in ('tris', 'phosphate'):
+            r = Rig(seed=9)
+            r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', interaction_id='ph1', model='sites', receptor='p4', ligand='l4', n=1.0, kd_mol_m3=1e-3, dh_j_mol=-20000.0, n_h=1.0)
+            r.stock('p4', (b, 50.0, 7.5), {'p4': 0.05})
+            r.stock('l4', (b, 50.0, 7.5), {'l4': 0.6}, vol=5e-7)
+            r.method(INJ(19), cell=0.05, syr=0.6)
+            r.load('p4', 'l4')
+            r.run('x')
+            dh[b] = pv(r.an('x', control='fitted_offset'))['dh']
+        expected = -(47450.0 - 3600.0)                                     # released protons taken up by Tris vs phosphate (Goldberg 2002 dH_ion)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((dh['tris'] - dh['phosphate']) / expected, 1.0, delta=0.12)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='proton_linkage', status='passed', dh_tris=dh['tris'], dh_phosphate=dh['phosphate']))
+
+    def test_propanol_dilution_heat(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.method(INJ(8, sp=120.0), cell=1e-6, syr=100.0)
+        r.prep('w', None, None)
+        r.call(r.E, 'stock.provide', stock_id='prop', volume_m3=1e-6, buffer=None, components=[dict(species_id='propan_1_ol', concentration_mol_m3=100.0)])
+        r.load('w', 'prop')
+        r.run('p')
+        res = r.an('p', control='none')
+        hxx, hxxx = m._dilution_params('propan_1_ol', 298.15)
+        expected = -(hxx * 0.1 + hxxx * 0.01) * 2e-9 * 100.0                # to infinite dilution (IUPAC virial coefficients)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['injections'][1]['heat_j'] / expected, 1.0, delta=0.08)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='propanol_dilution', status='passed', heat_ucal=res['injections'][1]['heat_j'] / UC))
+
+
+class Artifacts(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_buffer_mismatch_and_matched_control(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.method(INJ(8), cell=1e-3, syr=1e-3, pref=10.0)
+        r.prep('tris', ('tris', 20.0, 8.0), vol=2e-6)
+        r.prep('hep', ('hepes', 20.0, 7.0))
+        r.prep('tris2', buffer_from='tris')
+        r.load('tris', 'hep')
+        r.run('mm')
+        mis = r.an('mm')
+        self.assertLess(mis['injections'][2]['heat_j'] / UC, -50.0)           # HEPES releases protons to Tris
+        self.assertIn('Possible Buffer Mismatch', mis['bin_comments'])
+        r.clean(cell_method='none', syringe_method='rinse')                  # otherwise the HEPES film left in the syringe contaminates the control
+        r.load('tris', 'tris2')
+        r.run('ok')
+        ok = r.an('ok')
+        self.assertLess(max(abs(i['heat_j']) for i in ok['injections'][1:]) / UC, 0.2)
+        ctl = r.an('mm', control='experiment', control_experiment_id='ok')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ctl['injections'][2]['heat_j'], mis['injections'][2]['heat_j'] - ok['injections'][2]['heat_j'], places=12)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='buffer_mismatch', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_methanol_residue_after_interrupted_drying(self):
+        heats = {}
+        for stop in (None, 400.0):
+            r = Rig(seed=5)
+            op = r.clean(cell_method='none', syringe_method='rinse', stop_after=stop)
+            self.assertEqual(op['phase'], 'succeeded' if stop is None else 'cancelled')
+            self.assertEqual(r.v('truth.syringe_residue'), 'none' if stop is None else 'methanol')
+            r.method(INJ(5, sp=120.0), cell=1e-6, syr=1e-6)
+            r.prep('w', None, None)
+            r.prep('w2', None, None)
+            r.load('w', 'w2')
+            r.run('ww')
+            heats[stop] = [i['heat_j'] for i in r.an('ww')['injections'][1:]]
+        self.assertLess(max(abs(h) for h in heats[None]) / UC, 0.1)             # water into water: small blank heats
+        self.assertLess(max(heats[400.0]) / UC, -10.0)                         # manual: residual methanol gives consistently large peaks
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='methanol_residue', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_reference_underfill_low_reference_power_spacing_and_poor_load(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5, age=60 * 86400.0)
+        r.ca_edta(inj=INJ(10), eid='old_ref')
+        self.assertIn('High Initial Baseline', r.an('old_ref', control='fitted_offset')['bin_comments'])
+        r.away()
+        r.call(r.A, 'reference.refill')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('truth.reference_volume_m3'), m.ENG['reference_full_m3'])
+        r2 = Rig(seed=5)
+        r2.ca_edta(inj=INJ(10), eid='lo', pref=0.5)
+        self.assertIn('Data Below Minimum', r2.an('lo', control='fitted_offset')['bin_comments'])
+        r3 = Rig(seed=5)
+        r3.call(r3.A, 'method.set', temperature_k=298.15, reference_power_w=5 * UC, feedback='none', stir_rate_hz=12.5, initial_delay_s=60.0, injections=INJ(12, sp=20.0),
+                cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0)
+        r3.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r3.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r3.load('edta', 'ca')
+        r3.run('sp')
+        self.assertIn('Injection Spacing Too Short', r3.an('sp', control='fitted_offset')['bin_comments'])
+        r4 = Rig(seed=5)
+        r4.method(INJ(10))
+        r4.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r4.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r4.away()
+        res = r4.call(r4.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=1.5e-7)['result']
+        self.assertIn('UNDERFILLED', res['warnings'])
+        r4.load_syringe('ca')
+        r4.move('cell')
+        r4.run('uf')
+        self.assertIn('Possible Poor Load', r4.an('uf', control='fitted_offset')['bin_comments'])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='bin_comments', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_outgassing_of_non_degassed_sample(self):
+        dev = {}
+        for deg in (True, False):
+            r = Rig(seed=5)
+            r.method(INJ(6, sp=300.0), T=308.15)
+            r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1}, degas=deg)
+            r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0}, degas=deg)
+            r.away()
+            res = r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7)['result']
+            self.assertEqual('NOT_DEGASSED' in res['warnings'], not deg)
+            r.load_syringe('ca')
+            r.move('cell')
+            r.run('og')
+            e = r.R.experiments['og']
+            t, dp = np.array(e['t']), np.array(e['dp'])
+            quiet = np.zeros(len(t), bool)
+            for i in e['injections']:
+                quiet |= (t > i['start_s'] + 60) & (t < i['start_s'] + 300)
+            x = dp[quiet]
+            dev[deg] = float(np.max(np.abs(x - np.median(x))))
+        self.assertLess(dev[True], 0.004 * UC)
+        self.assertGreater(dev[False], 0.01 * UC)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='outgassing', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_syringe_bubble_from_short_tube_and_purge(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.method(INJ(8))
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.away()
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7, rinse=True)
+        r.load_syringe('ca', tube=4.5e-8)
+        self.assertGreater(r.v('truth.syringe_bubble_m3'), 5e-10)
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.remove')
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.place', solution_id='ca', volume_m3=6e-8)
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.attach')
+        r.move('load')
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'syringe.purge_refill')['operation_id']
+        r.until(lambda: r.R.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running')
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('truth.syringe_bubble_m3'), 0.0)
+        r.move('rest')
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.detach')
+        r.move('cell')
+        r.run('b')
+        vols = r.R.experiments['b']['truth']['volumes']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vols[1] / 2e-9, 1.0, delta=0.02)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='syringe_bubble_purge', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_carryover_rinse_and_cleaning(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.ca_edta(inj=INJ(5), eid='a')
+        r.away()
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7, rinse=False)
+        no_rinse = r.v('truth.cell_contamination_fraction')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7, rinse=True)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(no_rinse, m.ENG['cell_residual_m3'] / m.V0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('truth.cell_contamination_fraction'), no_rinse * m.ENG['rinse_residual_factor'])
+        # the syringe keeps a film of the previous titrant unless it is cleaned
+        r.prep('w', None, None)
+        r.load_syringe('w')
+        self.assertGreater(r.v('truth.syringe_species_mol_m3').get('ca2+', 0.0), 0.01)
+        r.clean(cell_method='wash', syringe_method='rinse')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.remove')
+        r.load_syringe('w')
+        self.assertLess(r.v('truth.syringe_species_mol_m3').get('ca2+', 0.0), 1e-3)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='carryover', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_wash_module_bottles_overflow_and_no_flow(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5, warm=10.0)
+        codes = []
+        for _ in range(60):
+            op = r.clean(cell_method='wash', syringe_method='none')
+            if op['phase'] == 'failed':
+                codes.append(op['error'])
+                if op['error'] == 'NO_FLOW':
+                    r.call(r.A, 'wash.refill', bottle='water')
+                else:
+                    break
+        self.assertIn('NO_FLOW', codes)
+        self.assertEqual(codes[-1], 'WASH_OVERFLOW')
+        self.assertFalse(r.v('wash.pump_ok'))
+        self.assertIn('WASH_PUMP_SHUTDOWN', r.v('errors.active'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'clean.start', 'WASH_PUMP_SHUTDOWN', cell_method='wash', syringe_method='none')
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.empty_waste')
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.empty_overflow')
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('wash.pump_ok'))
+        led = r.call(r.E, 'ledger.read')['result']['ledger']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['waste_added_m3'] + led['overflow_added_m3'], led['water_used_m3'] + led['detergent_used_m3'] + led['methanol_used_m3']
+                               + sum(0 for _ in ()), delta=1e-6)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='wash_module', status='passed', failures=codes))
+
+    def test_power_loss_interrupts_run(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.method(INJ(10))
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.load('edta', 'ca')
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'run.start', experiment_id='p')['operation_id']
+        r.until(lambda: r.R.run is not None and r.R.run['inj'] >= 2)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(r.A.poll(op)['status'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(r.A.poll(op)['result']['error'], 'POWER_OFF_INTERRUPT')
+        self.assertIsNone(r.v('dp.power_w'))
+        self.assertFalse(r.v('lamp.status'))
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('power.enabled'))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='power_loss', status='passed'))
+
+
+class ReviewRound1(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the round-1 runtime review (F-01 / F-02 / F-03 / F-05 / F-06 / F-07)."""
+
+    def _ramp(self, rest, kon=None, seed=21):
+        r = Rig(seed=seed, warm=1800.0)
+        if kon:
+            r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', interaction_id='slow', model='sites', receptor='p_s', ligand='l_s', n=1.0, kd_mol_m3=1e-3, dh_j_mol=-40000.0,
+                   kon_m3_mol_s=kon)
+            r.stock('cell', ('tris', 50.0, 8.0), {'p_s': 0.05})
+            r.stock('syr', ('tris', 50.0, 8.0), {'l_s': 0.5}, vol=5e-7)
+            cell, syr = 'cell', 'syr'
+        else:
+            r.prep('cell', ('tris', 50.0, 8.0))
+            r.prep('syr', buffer_from='cell')
+            cell, syr = 'cell', 'syr'
+        r.load(cell, syr)
+        if rest:
+            r.move('rest')
+        h0 = r.R.ledger()['chemical_heat_j']
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', temperature_k=318.15)
+        r.step(3600)
+        return r, r.R.ledger()['chemical_heat_j'] - h0
+
+    def test_temperature_ramp_books_no_reaction_heat(self):
+        _, in_cell = self._ramp(rest=False)
+        _, at_rest = self._ramp(rest=True)
+        self.assertLess(abs(in_cell) / UC, 0.05)                    # F-01: the stored-enthalpy change with temperature is sensible heat
+        self.assertLess(abs(at_rest) / UC, 0.05)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='ramp_no_reaction_heat', status='passed', in_cell_ucal=in_cell / UC, at_rest_ucal=at_rest / UC))
+
+    def test_slow_binding_heat_bounded_during_warm_up(self):
+        r, heat = self._ramp(rest=False, kon=1.0)
+        leaked = r.R.syr['leak']                                     # at most the leaked ligand can bind: 0.5 mol/m3 x leak x 40 kJ/mol
+        bound = 0.5 * leaked * 40000.0
+        self.assertLess(abs(heat), bound * 1.05 + 0.05 * UC)         # F-02: no heat from nothing while the temperature moves
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='slow_binding_bounded', status='passed', heat_ucal=heat / UC, bound_ucal=bound / UC))
+
+    def test_equilibrium_follows_temperature_without_mixing(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=22, warm=1800.0)
+        r.prep('crown', None, {'18_crown_6': 5.0})
+        r.prep('ba', None, {'ba2+': 5.0})
+        r.prep('mix', None, None, vol=1e-6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='cb', volume_m3=1e-6, sources=[dict(source_id='crown', volume_m3=5e-7), dict(source_id='ba', volume_m3=5e-7)])
+        r.away()
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='cb', volume_m3=3e-7)
+        r.step(1800)
+        b298 = r.v('truth.cell_bound_mol_m3')['ba_18crown6']
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', temperature_k=318.15)
+        r.step(3600)
+        b318 = r.v('truth.cell_bound_mol_m3')['ba_18crown6']
+        ka, _ = m._k_at(1 / 5900.0, -31420.0, 126.0, 298.15, r.v('truth.cell_content_temperature_k'))
+        sp = r.v('truth.cell_species_mol_m3')
+        Mt, Lt = sp['18_crown_6'] / 1000.0, sp['ba2+'] / 1000.0
+        b = Mt + Lt + 1 / ka
+        eq = (b - math.sqrt(b * b - 4 * Mt * Lt)) / 2 * 1000.0
+        self.assertLess(b318, b298)                                  # F-03: exothermic binding weakens at 318 K and the cell follows
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b318 / eq, 1.0, delta=0.01)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='equilibrium_follows_temperature', status='passed', bound_298=b298, bound_318=b318, eq_318=eq))
+
+    def test_passive_feedback_first_injection_not_distorted(self):
+        heats = {}
+        for fb in ('high', 'none'):
+            r = Rig(seed=23)
+            inj = [dict(volume_m3=4e-10, duration_s=0.8, spacing_s=400.0)] + [dict(volume_m3=2e-9, duration_s=4.0, spacing_s=400.0)] * 2
+            r.method(inj, fb=fb)
+            r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+            r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+            r.load('edta', 'ca')
+            r.run('e')
+            heats[fb] = [i['heat_j'] for i in r.an('e', exclude_injections=[])['injections']]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(heats['none'][0] / heats['high'][0], 1.0, delta=0.15)     # F-05: the stirring-start transient has settled
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(heats['none'][1] / heats['high'][1], 1.0, delta=0.05)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='passive_first_injection', status='passed', ratio=heats['none'][0] / heats['high'][0]))
+
+    def test_syringe_bubble_conserves_volume_and_injects_air_last(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=24)
+        r.method(INJ(18))
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.away()
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7, rinse=True)
+        r.load_syringe('ca', tube=3.0e-8)
+        liquid, bubble = r.v('truth.syringe_liquid_m3'), r.v('truth.syringe_bubble_m3')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(liquid + bubble, m.V_SYR, delta=1e-12)
+        r.move('cell')
+        r.run('b')
+        vols = r.R.experiments['b']['truth']['volumes']
+        self.assertLessEqual(sum(vols), liquid + 1e-12)                         # F-06: no more liquid delivered than loaded
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vols[1] / 2e-9, 1.0, delta=0.05)                 # delivery follows the plunger while liquid remains
+        self.assertTrue(r.v('truth.cell_bubble'))                               # the air is injected last (cell bubble)
+        left = r.v('truth.syringe_liquid_m3') + r.v('truth.syringe_bubble_m3')
+        cap = (1 - r.v('syringe.plunger_position_m') / m.PLUNGER_STROKE) * m.V_SYR
+        self.assertLessEqual(left, cap + 1e-12)
+        res = r.an('b', control='fitted_offset')
+        self.assertTrue({'Possible Poor Load', 'Check Baseline'} & set(res['bin_comments']) or res['bin'] == 'Check data', res['bin_comments'])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='bubble_conservation', status='passed', delivered_m3=sum(vols), liquid_m3=liquid))
+
+    def test_ba_crown_with_control_subtraction(self):
+        dh = {}
+        for T in (288.15, 308.15):
+            r = Rig(seed=25)
+            inj = [dict(volume_m3=4e-10, duration_s=2.0, spacing_s=180.0)] + [dict(volume_m3=1.5e-9, duration_s=8.0, spacing_s=180.0)] * 24
+            r.method(inj, T=T, pref=10.0, cell=1.0, syr=10.0)
+            r.prep('crown', None, {'18_crown_6': 1.0})
+            r.prep('ba', None, {'ba2+': 10.0}, vol=2e-6)
+            r.prep('w', None, None)
+            r.step(2400)
+            r.load('w', 'ba')
+            r.run('ctl')
+            r.clean(cell_method='rinse', syringe_method='rinse')
+            r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.remove')
+            r.load('crown', 'ba')
+            r.run('b')
+            dh[T] = pv(r.an('b', control='experiment', control_experiment_id='ctl'))['dh']
+        dcp = (dh[308.15] - dh[288.15]) / 20.0
+        self.assertTrue(95.0 < dcp < 165.0, dcp)                                # F-07: IUPAC 126 J/K/mol once the BaCl2 dilution is subtracted
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='ba_crown_control_dcp', status='passed', dcp_j_k_mol=dcp))
+
+
+class ReviewRound2(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the round-2 runtime review (F2-01 / F2-02 / F2-03 / F2-05 / F2-06 / F2-07 / F2-08)."""
+
+    def test_fix_bounds_and_models(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=31)
+        r.ca_edta(inj=INJ(8), eid='e')
+        r.call(r.A, 'data.analyze', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', experiment_id='e', model='one_set_of_sites', fix=dict(kd=0.0))          # F2-01: schema bounds
+        r.call(r.A, 'data.analyze', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', experiment_id='e', model='two_sets_of_sites', fix=dict(kd2=-1.0))
+        r.call(r.A, 'data.analyze', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', experiment_id='e', model='sequential_binding_sites', fix=dict(dh=-1e4))    # fix not applied there
+        r.call(r.A, 'data.analyze', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', experiment_id='e', model='one_set_of_sites', fix=dict(n2=1.0))
+        p = pv(r.an('e', fix=dict(n=1.0), control='fitted_offset'))
+        self.assertEqual(p['n'], 1.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='fix_bounds', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_temperature_set_effects_declared_with_a_complex(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=32)
+        r.method(INJ(4))
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', solution_id='mix', volume_m3=1e-6, sources=[dict(source_id='edta', volume_m3=5e-7), dict(source_id='ca', volume_m3=5e-8)])
+        r.away()
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='mix', volume_m3=3e-7)
+        r.step(1800)
+        ZDeclaredEffects._check(self, r, 'temperature.set', dict(temperature_k=310.15))          # F2-07: pH and bound amounts follow the temperature
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='temperature_set_declared', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_kinetic_complex_relaxes_after_a_temperature_change(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=33, warm=1800.0)
+        r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', interaction_id='slow2', model='sites', receptor='p_k', ligand='l_k', n=1.0, kd_mol_m3=1e-3, dh_j_mol=-40000.0,
+               kon_m3_mol_s=1.0, temperature_k=298.15)
+        r.stock('pk', ('hepes', 20.0, 7.5), {'p_k': 0.05, 'l_k': 0.05})
+        r.away()
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='pk', volume_m3=3e-7)
+        r.step(3600)
+        b0 = r.v('truth.cell_bound_mol_m3')['slow2']
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', temperature_k=313.15)
+        r.step(3600)
+        b1 = r.v('truth.cell_bound_mol_m3')['slow2']
+        info = r.R.cell['eq']
+        self.assertLess(b1, b0)                                                       # F2-03: the slow complex relaxes at rest
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b1 / (info['kin_eq']['slow2'] * 1000.0), 1.0, delta=0.02)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='kinetic_relaxation_after_ramp', status='passed', bound_298=b0, bound_313=b1))
+
+    def test_bubble_keeps_the_programmed_spacing(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=34)
+        r.method(INJ(8, sp=40.0))
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.away()
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7, rinse=True)
+        r.load_syringe('ca', tube=3.0e-8)                                           # ~11 uL of air in the syringe
+        self.assertGreater(r.v('truth.syringe_bubble_m3'), 5e-9)
+        r.move('cell')
+        r.run('b')
+        st = [i['start_s'] for i in r.R.experiments['b']['injections']]
+        self.assertTrue(all(abs((b - a) - 40.0) < 1e-6 for a, b in zip(st, st[1:])), st)   # F2-06
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='bubble_spacing', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_passive_feedback_short_spacing_flagged(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=35)
+        r.call(r.A, 'method.set', temperature_k=298.15, reference_power_w=5 * UC, feedback='none', stir_rate_hz=12.5, initial_delay_s=60.0, injections=INJ(12, sp=150.0),
+               cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0)
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.load('edta', 'ca')
+        r.run('n')
+        self.assertIn('Injection Spacing Too Short', r.an('n', control='fitted_offset')['bin_comments'])          # F2-08: 2.5 response times
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='passive_spacing_flag', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_first_injection_tip_heat_booked(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=36)
+        r.ca_edta(inj=INJ(4), eid='t')
+        tr = r.R.experiments['t']['truth']
+        led = r.R.ledger()['chemical_heat_j']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(tr['heat_j']) / led, 1.0, delta=0.05)              # F2-02: heats per injection add up to the booked chemical heat
+        self.assertGreater(tr['heat_j'][0], 0.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='tip_heat', status='passed'))
+
+
+class ReviewRound3(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the round-3 runtime review (F3-01..F3-05, F2-02 kinetic slug)."""
+
+    def test_clean_dilution_run_has_no_poor_load_and_aligned_starts(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=41)
+        r.method(INJ(12, sp=120.0), cell=1e-6, syr=100.0)
+        r.prep('w', None, None)
+        r.call(r.E, 'stock.provide', stock_id='prop', volume_m3=1e-6, buffer=None, components=[dict(species_id='propan_1_ol', concentration_mol_m3=100.0)])
+        r.load('w', 'prop')
+        r.run('p')
+        st = [i['start_s'] for i in r.R.experiments['p']['injections']]
+        self.assertTrue(all(x == round(x, 6) for x in st), st)                         # F3-01: on the 1e-6 s grid of the samples
+        self.assertNotIn('Possible Poor Load', r.an('p')['bin_comments'])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='aligned_starts_no_false_poor_load', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_passive_long_spacing_not_flagged(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=42)
+        r.call(r.A, 'method.set', temperature_k=298.15, reference_power_w=5 * UC, feedback='none', stir_rate_hz=12.5, initial_delay_s=60.0, injections=INJ(18, sp=300.0),
+               cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0)
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.load('edta', 'ca')
+        r.run('n')
+        self.assertNotIn('Injection Spacing Too Short', r.an('n', control='fitted_offset')['bin_comments'])      # F3-02: 5 response times
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='passive_long_spacing', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_fix_kd_range_and_offset_control(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=43)
+        r.ca_edta(inj=INJ(8), eid='e')
+        r.call(r.A, 'data.analyze', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', experiment_id='e', model='one_set_of_sites', fix=dict(kd=5e-12))     # F3-03
+        r.call(r.A, 'data.analyze', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', experiment_id='e', model='one_set_of_sites', fix=dict(offset=-5000.0), control='none')   # F3-04
+        p = pv(r.an('e', fix=dict(offset=-5000.0), control='fitted_offset'))
+        self.assertEqual(p['offset'], -5000.0)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='fix_kd_offset', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_bubble_volume_expelled_at_the_run_end(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=44)
+        inj = [dict(volume_m3=4e-10, duration_s=0.8, spacing_s=60.0)] + [dict(volume_m3=2e-9, duration_s=4.0, spacing_s=60.0)] * 7 + [dict(volume_m3=2e-9, duration_s=4.0, spacing_s=4.0)]
+        r.method(inj)
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.away()
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7, rinse=True)
+        r.load_syringe('ca', tube=3.0e-8)
+        r.move('cell')
+        r.run('b')
+        left = r.v('truth.syringe_liquid_m3') + r.v('truth.syringe_bubble_m3')
+        cap = (1 - r.v('syringe.plunger_position_m') / m.PLUNGER_STROKE) * m.V_SYR
+        self.assertLessEqual(left, cap + 1e-12)                                         # F3-05: nothing left beyond the free volume
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.R.experiments['b']['truth']['volumes'][-1] / 2e-9, 1.0, delta=0.02)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='bubble_flush_at_end', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_preformed_slow_complex_in_the_syringe_only_dissociates(self):
+        heats = {}
+        for kon in (None, 0.1):
+            r = Rig(seed=45)
+            a = dict(interaction_id='pc', model='sites', receptor='p_c', ligand='l_c', n=1.0, kd_mol_m3=5e-3, dh_j_mol=-40000.0)
+            if kon:
+                a['kon_m3_mol_s'] = kon
+            r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', **a)
+            r.stock('cell', ('hepes', 20.0, 7.5), {})
+            r.stock('syr', ('hepes', 20.0, 7.5), {'p_c': 0.2, 'l_c': 0.2}, vol=5e-7)
+            r.method(INJ(4, sp=600.0), cell=1e-6, syr=0.2)
+            r.load('cell', 'syr')
+            r.run('d')
+            heats[kon] = [i['heat_j'] for i in r.an('d', exclude_injections=[])['injections']]
+        self.assertTrue(all(h > 0 for h in heats[None][1:]))                           # dilution of the complex: endothermic dissociation
+        self.assertTrue(all(h > -0.02 * UC for h in heats[0.1][1:]), heats[0.1])         # F2-02: the slow complex only dissociates (no exothermic re-formation)
+        self.assertLessEqual(sum(heats[0.1][1:]), sum(heats[None][1:]) * 1.05)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='slow_complex_dissociation', status='passed', instant=heats[None], slow=heats[0.1]))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- workflow preconditions
+class Workflow(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_load_workflow_preconditions(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5, warm=10.0)
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0}, vol=5e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', 'PIPETTE_IN_CELL', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.attach', 'PIPETTE_IN_CELL')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.start', 'NO_METHOD', experiment_id='x')
+        r.method(INJ(4))
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.start', 'CELL_EMPTY' if r.R.cell['mix']['V'] <= 0 else 'SYRINGE_NOT_LOADED', experiment_id='x')
+        r.move('rest')
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.detach', 'FPA_NOT_ATTACHED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.attach')
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.attach', 'FPA_ATTACHED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'pipette.move', 'FPA_ATTACHED', location='cell')
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.load', 'PLUNGER_NOT_DOWN')
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.plunger_down')
+        r.call(r.A, 'pipette.move', 'SYRINGE_BUSY', location='load')
+        r.until(lambda: r.R.plunger_target is None)
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.load', 'PIPETTE_NOT_AT_LOAD')
+        r.call(r.A, 'pipette.move', location='load')
+        r.call(r.A, 'pipette.move', 'PIPETTE_MOVING', location='rest')
+        r.until(lambda: r.R.pip['phase'] is None)
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.load', 'NO_TUBE')
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.place', 'PIPETTE_IN_STATION', solution_id='ca', volume_m3=6e-8)
+        r.move('rest')
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.remove', 'NO_TUBE')
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.place', solution_id='ca', volume_m3=6e-8)
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.place', 'TUBE_PRESENT', solution_id='ca', volume_m3=6e-8)
+        r.move('load')
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.remove', 'PIPETTE_IN_STATION')
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.purge_refill', 'SYRINGE_NOT_LOADED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.power_set', enabled=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.load', 'WASH_MODULE_OFF')
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.press_switch')
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'syringe.load')['operation_id']
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', 'INSTRUMENT_BUSY', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.empty_waste', 'INSTRUMENT_BUSY')
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.detach', 'INSTRUMENT_BUSY')
+        r.until(lambda: r.R.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running')
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('syringe.state'), 'loaded')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.insert')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.insert', 'CLEANING_TOOL_INSERTED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', 'CLEANING_TOOL_INSERTED', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'clean.start', 'PIPETTE_NOT_AT_CLEAN', cell_method='none', syringe_method='rinse')
+        r.call(r.A, 'clean.start', 'NOTHING_TO_CLEAN', cell_method='none', syringe_method='none')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.remove')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.remove', 'CLEANING_TOOL_NOT_INSERTED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'clean.start', 'CLEANING_TOOL_NOT_INSERTED', cell_method='wash', syringe_method='none')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', 'INSUFFICIENT_SOLUTION', solution_id='ca', volume_m3=4e-7, rinse=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7, rinse=True)
+        r.move('rest')
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.detach')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.insert')
+        r.call(r.A, 'pipette.move', 'CLEANING_TOOL_INSERTED', location='cell')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.remove')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.start', 'PIPETTE_NOT_IN_CELL', experiment_id='x')
+        r.move('cell')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.start', experiment_id='x')
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.start', 'RUN_IN_PROGRESS', experiment_id='y')
+        r.call(r.A, 'method.set', 'RUN_IN_PROGRESS', temperature_k=298.15, reference_power_w=5 * UC, feedback='high', stir_rate_hz=12.5, initial_delay_s=60.0,
+               injections=INJ(4), cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', 'RUN_IN_PROGRESS', temperature_k=300.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'pipette.move', 'RUN_IN_PROGRESS', location='rest')
+        r.call(r.A, 'reference.refill', 'RUN_IN_PROGRESS')
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.plunger_down', 'RUN_IN_PROGRESS')
+        r.call(r.A, 'clean.start', 'RUN_IN_PROGRESS', cell_method='wash', syringe_method='none')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.empty', 'RUN_IN_PROGRESS')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.insert', 'RUN_IN_PROGRESS')
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.attach', 'RUN_IN_PROGRESS')
+        out = r.call(r.A, 'instrument.stop')['result']
+        self.assertIn('run.start', out['stopped'])
+        r.call(r.A, 'run.start', 'ITEM_EXISTS', experiment_id='x')
+        r.call(r.A, 'data.analyze', 'NO_DATA', experiment_id='x', model='one_set_of_sites')
+        r.call(r.A, 'data.analyze', 'UNKNOWN_EXPERIMENT', experiment_id='nope', model='one_set_of_sites')
+        r.call(r.A, 'data.read', 'UNKNOWN_EXPERIMENT', experiment_id='nope')
+        r.call(r.A, 'method.set', 'METHOD_EXCEEDS_SYRINGE', temperature_k=298.15, reference_power_w=5 * UC, feedback='high', stir_rate_hz=12.5, initial_delay_s=60.0,
+               injections=[dict(volume_m3=2e-9, duration_s=4.0, spacing_s=150.0)] * 20, cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'method.set', 'INVALID_SPACING', temperature_k=298.15, reference_power_w=5 * UC, feedback='high', stir_rate_hz=12.5, initial_delay_s=60.0,
+               injections=[dict(volume_m3=2e-9, duration_s=40.0, spacing_s=20.0)], cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'autosampler.run_queue', 'UNSUPPORTED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.auto_fill', 'UNSUPPORTED')
+        r.call(r.A, 'dsc.temperature_scan', 'UNSUPPORTED')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='load_workflow_preconditions', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_solutions_species_and_dialysis(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5, warm=10.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', 'UNKNOWN_SPECIES', solution_id='x', volume_m3=1e-6, solutes=[dict(species_id='mes', concentration_mol_m3=1.0)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', 'UNKNOWN_SPECIES', solution_id='x', volume_m3=1e-6, solutes=[dict(species_id='unobtainium', concentration_mol_m3=1.0)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', 'UNKNOWN_SOLUTION', solution_id='x', volume_m3=1e-6, buffer_from='nope')
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', solution_id='x', volume_m3=1e-6, buffer_from='nope',
+               buffer=dict(buffer_id='mes', concentration_mol_m3=10.0, ph=5.6))
+        r.prep('a', ('tris', 20.0, 8.0), {'nacl': 150.0})
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', 'ITEM_EXISTS', solution_id='a', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', 'VOLUME_OUT_OF_RANGE', solution_id='b', volume_m3=1e-7, sources=[dict(source_id='a', volume_m3=2e-7)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', 'INSUFFICIENT_SOLUTION', solution_id='b', volume_m3=5e-6, sources=[dict(source_id='a', volume_m3=3e-6)])
+        r.call(r.E, 'stock.provide', stock_id='prot', volume_m3=2e-6, buffer=dict(buffer_id='phosphate', concentration_mol_m3=50.0, ph=7.0),
+               components=[dict(species_id='rnase_a', concentration_mol_m3=0.19)], label=[dict(species_id='rnase_a', concentration_mol_m3=0.2)])
+        r.call(r.E, 'stock.provide', 'ITEM_EXISTS', stock_id='prot', volume_m3=1e-6, buffer=None, components=[])
+        r.call(r.E, 'stock.provide', 'UNKNOWN_SPECIES', stock_id='p9', volume_m3=1e-6, buffer=None, components=[dict(species_id='tris', concentration_mol_m3=1.0)])
+        out = r.call(r.A, 'solution.dialyze', solution_id='prot', buffer=dict(buffer_id='acetate', concentration_mol_m3=200.0, ph=5.5, nacl_mol_m3=200.0),
+                     dialysate_id='dial')['result']
+        self.assertEqual(out['dialysate_id'], 'dial')
+        s = r.R.solutions['prot']['c']
+        self.assertEqual(set(s['buf']), {'acetate'})                                 # buffer exchanged, protein kept
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(s['n']['rnase_a'] / s['V'], 0.19, places=9)
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.dialyze', 'ITEM_EXISTS', solution_id='prot', buffer=dict(buffer_id='acetate', concentration_mol_m3=200.0, ph=5.5), dialysate_id='dial')
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.degas', 'UNKNOWN_SOLUTION', solution_id='nope')
+        lig = r.prep('cmp', buffer_from='dial', solutes={'2_cmp': 2.0})
+        self.assertEqual(lig['ph_nominal'], 5.5)
+        r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', 'INVALID_INTERACTION', interaction_id='bad', model='sites', receptor='x1')
+        r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', 'INVALID_INTERACTION', interaction_id='bad', model='sites', receptor='tris', ligand='x2', kd_mol_m3=1.0)
+        r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', 'ITEM_EXISTS', interaction_id='ca_edta_mes_ph56', model='dimer', receptor='x3', kd_mol_m3=1.0)
+        prov = r.call(r.A, 'provenance.read')['result']
+        self.assertIn('ca_edta_mes_ph56', [i['interaction_id'] for i in prov['interactions']])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(prov['shelf_species']), 80)
+        self.assertEqual(r.call(r.A, 'experiments.list')['result']['experiments'], [])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='solutions_dialysis', status='passed'))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- framework
+class Framework(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_sessions_isolation_and_idempotency(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        A, B, E = r.A, r.B, r.E
+        r.call(A, 'fault.inject', 'ACCESS_DENIED', fault='cell_bubble', active=True)
+        r.call(A, 'stock.provide', 'ACCESS_DENIED', stock_id='s', volume_m3=1e-6, buffer=None, components=[])
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):
+            A.read(instance_id=r.I, state_ids=['truth.cell_ph'])
+        r.method(INJ(6))
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.call(B, 'solution.degas', 'ACCESS_DENIED', solution_id='edta')
+        self.assertNotIn('edta', B.read(instance_id=r.I, state_ids=['solutions.available'])['observations']['solutions.available']['value'])
+        r.load('edta', 'ca')
+        op = r.call(A, 'run.start', experiment_id='mine')['operation_id']
+        r.step(5)
+        r.call(B, 'instrument.stop', 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertTrue(B.read(instance_id=r.I, state_ids=['operation.started_by_other_agent'])['observations']['operation.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):
+            B.poll(op)
+        r.until(lambda: r.R.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', dt=2.0)
+        r.call(B, 'data.read', 'ACCESS_DENIED', experiment_id='mine')
+        r.call(B, 'data.analyze', 'ACCESS_DENIED', experiment_id='mine', model='one_set_of_sites')
+        self.assertEqual(r.call(B, 'experiments.list')['result']['experiments'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(len(r.call(A, 'experiments.list')['result']['experiments']), 1)
+        d = r.call(A, 'data.read', experiment_id='mine', max_points=200)['result']
+        self.assertLessEqual(len(d['dp_w']), 200)
+        self.assertTrue(d['completed'])
+        ev = r.call(B, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['result']['events']
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] == 'fault' for e in ev))
+        r1 = A.invoke(instance_id=r.I, capability_id='design.simulate', arguments=dict(n=1.0, kd_mol_m3=1e-3, dh_j_mol=-1e4, cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1,
+                                                                                      syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0, injection_volumes_m3=[2e-9] * 5), request_id='same')
+        r2 = A.invoke(instance_id=r.I, capability_id='design.simulate', arguments=dict(n=1.0, kd_mol_m3=1e-3, dh_j_mol=-1e4, cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1,
+                                                                                      syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0, injection_volumes_m3=[2e-9] * 5), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        r3 = A.invoke(instance_id=r.I, capability_id='design.simulate', arguments=dict(n=2.0, kd_mol_m3=1e-3, dh_j_mol=-1e4, cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1,
+                                                                                      syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0, injection_volumes_m3=[2e-9] * 5), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        SEEN.add(('design.simulate', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT'))
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):
+            A.write(instance_id=r.I, state_id='dp.power_w', value=1.0, request_id='w')
+        self.assertEqual(A.describe(instance_id=r.I)['asset_type_id'], m.ASSET_TYPE_ID)
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.cell_ph', A.describe(asset_type_id=m.ASSET_TYPE_ID)['state_slots'])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='sessions', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_cancel_operations(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.method(INJ(6))
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.load('edta', 'ca')
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'run.start', experiment_id='c')['operation_id']
+        r.step(10)
+        out = r.A.cancel(op, 'cx')
+        self.assertEqual(out['result']['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(r.R.experiments['c']['state'], 'stopped')
+        with self.assertRaises(m.ActionRejected):
+            r.A.cancel(op, 'cy')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='cancel', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_atomic_rejection(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5, warm=10.0)
+        r.prep('a', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+        before = copy.deepcopy(r.R.read('evaluator'))
+        sol = copy.deepcopy(r.R.solutions)
+        r.call(r.A, 'solution.prepare', 'INSUFFICIENT_SOLUTION', solution_id='b', volume_m3=5e-6, sources=[dict(source_id='a', volume_m3=2e-6)])
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', 'PIPETTE_IN_CELL', solution_id='a', volume_m3=3e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.load', 'PLUNGER_NOT_DOWN')
+        self.assertEqual(r.R.read('evaluator'), before)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(r.R.solutions, sort_keys=True, default=str), json.dumps(sol, sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='atomic_rejection', status='passed'))
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        out = []
+        for parts in ([90.0], [0.5] * 180, [2.0, 0.25, 0.25, 7.5, 80.0]):
+            r = Rig(seed=9, warm=1000.0)
+            r.method(INJ(3, sp=30.0))
+            r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1})
+            r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+            r.load('edta', 'ca')
+            r.call(r.A, 'run.start', experiment_id='s')
+            r.until(lambda: r.R.run is not None and r.R.run['phase'] != 'equilibrating', dt=0.2)
+            for p in parts:
+                r.R.step(p)
+            out.append((r.R.read('evaluator'), r.R.ledger(), list(r.R.experiments['s']['dp'])))
+        self.assertEqual(out[0], out[1])
+        self.assertEqual(out[0], out[2])
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='step_partition', status='passed'))
+
+
+class MoreRejections(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_power_plant_and_misc(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5, power=False)
+        r.call(r.A, 'method.set', 'POWER_OFF', temperature_k=298.15, reference_power_w=5 * UC, feedback='high', stir_rate_hz=12.5, initial_delay_s=60.0,
+               injections=INJ(4), cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', 'POWER_OFF', temperature_k=300.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.plunger_down', 'POWER_OFF')
+        r.call(r.A, 'instrument.stop', 'POWER_OFF')
+        r.call(r.E, 'plant.configure', 'SEED_FIXED', room_k=295.15, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=99)
+        r.call(r.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=295.15, mains_voltage_v=60.0, noise_seed=5)
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE', enabled=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.press_switch', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE')
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.power_set', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE', enabled=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.press_switch', 'MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE')
+        r.call(r.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=295.15, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=5)
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.press_switch')
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.press_switch')
+        self.assertFalse(r.v('power.enabled'))
+        r.call(r.A, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'clean.start', 'WASH_MODULE_OFF', cell_method='wash', syringe_method='none')
+        r.call(r.A, 'reference.refill', 'UNKNOWN_SOLUTION', solution_id='nope')
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.place', 'UNKNOWN_SOLUTION', solution_id='nope', volume_m3=6e-8)
+        r.prep('t', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), vol=1e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'reference.refill', 'INSUFFICIENT_SOLUTION', solution_id='t')
+        r.call(r.A, 'tube.place', 'INSUFFICIENT_SOLUTION', solution_id='t', volume_m3=2e-7)
+        r0 = m.MalvernMicrocalpeaqRuntime()
+        r0.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = r0.session('a')
+        for cap, args in [('power.set', dict(enabled=True)), ('solution.prepare', dict(solution_id='x', volume_m3=1e-6)), ('cell.load', dict(solution_id='x', volume_m3=3e-7)),
+                          ('cell.empty', {}), ('reference.refill', {}), ('fpa.attach', {}), ('fpa.detach', {}), ('pipette.move', dict(location='rest')),
+                          ('tube.place', dict(solution_id='x', volume_m3=6e-8)), ('tube.remove', {}), ('cleaning_tool.insert', {}), ('cleaning_tool.remove', {}),
+                          ('wash.empty_waste', {}), ('wash.empty_overflow', {}), ('wash.refill', dict(bottle='water')), ('solution.degas', dict(solution_id='x')),
+                          ('solution.dialyze', dict(solution_id='x', buffer=dict(buffer_id='mes', concentration_mol_m3=1.0, ph=6.0), dialysate_id='d')),
+                          ('syringe.load', {}), ('syringe.purge_refill', {}), ('run.start', dict(experiment_id='x')), ('clean.start', dict(cell_method='wash', syringe_method='none')),
+                          ('wash.power_set', dict(enabled=True)), ('wash.press_switch', {}), ('power.press_switch', {}), ('temperature.set', dict(temperature_k=300.0))]:
+            res = s.invoke(instance_id=r0.instance_id, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='p' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(res['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED', cap)
+            SEEN.add((cap, 'PLANT_REQUIRED'))
+            REJECTIONS.setdefault(cap, set()).add('PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        ev = m.MalvernMicrocalpeaqRuntime()
+        ev.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        se = ev.session('e')
+        for cap, args in [('stock.provide', dict(stock_id='s', volume_m3=1e-6, buffer=None, components=[])),
+                          ('interaction.define', dict(interaction_id='i', model='dimer', receptor='x', kd_mol_m3=1.0)), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='cell_bubble', active=True))]:
+            res = se.invoke(instance_id=ev.instance_id, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='p' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(res['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED', cap)
+            SEEN.add((cap, 'PLANT_REQUIRED'))
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='more_rejections', status='passed'))
+
+
+class Coverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_remaining_capabilities(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=5)
+        r.call(r.A, 'temperature.set', temperature_k=303.15)
+        r.step(2400)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.v('truth.jacket_temperature_k'), 303.15, delta=0.01)
+        r.call(r.E, 'interaction.define', interaction_id='ix', model='enzyme', receptor='e9', ligand='s9', km_mol_m3=1.0, kcat_s=10.0, dh_j_mol=-1e4)
+        r.away()
+        r.prep('w', None, None)
+        r.call(r.A, 'cell.load', solution_id='w', volume_m3=3e-7)
+        removed = r.call(r.A, 'cell.empty')['result']['removed_m3']
+        self.assertGreater(removed, 2e-7)
+        r.call(r.A, 'reference.refill', solution_id=None)
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.refill', bottle='methanol')
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.refill', bottle='detergent')
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.empty_overflow')
+        r.call(r.A, 'wash.empty_waste')
+        self.assertTrue(r.call(r.E, 'cell.inspect')['result']['volume_m3'] >= 0)
+        self.assertIn('residue', r.call(r.E, 'syringe.inspect')['result'])
+        self.assertIn('electrical_energy_j', r.call(r.E, 'ledger.read')['result']['ledger'])
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='stir_motor_failure', active=True)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='stir_motor_failure', active=False)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='bottle_filter_clogged', active=True)
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='reference_cell_empty', active=True)
+        r.step(1)
+        self.assertEqual(r.v('truth.reference_volume_m3'), 0.0)
+        r.call(r.A, 'reference.refill')
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='syringe_damaged', active=True)
+        r.prep('ca', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'ca2+': 1.0})
+        r.load_syringe('ca')
+        self.assertIn('SYRINGE_FILL_FAILURE', r.v('errors.active'))
+        r.call(r.E, 'fault.inject', fault='wash_pump_failure', active=True)
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.insert')
+        op = r.call(r.A, 'clean.start', cell_method='rinse', syringe_method='none')['operation_id']
+        r.step(2)
+        self.assertEqual(r.R.operations[op]['error'], 'NO_FLOW')
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.purge_refill', 'PIPETTE_NOT_AT_LOAD')
+        r.move('clean')
+        r.call(r.A, 'clean.start', 'FPA_NOT_ATTACHED', cell_method='none', syringe_method='rinse')
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.attach')
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.remove')
+        r.call(r.A, 'syringe.plunger_down')
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='coverage', status='passed'))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects (with / without-call discovery)
+class ZDeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Immediate state changes stay within EFFECTS; changes after a step stay within EFFECTS | ON_STEP (compared with the same host not called)."""
+
+    def _check(self, rig, cap, args, session=None):
+        meta = m.export_malvern_microcalpeaq_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]
+        eff = {e['state_id'] for e in meta['state_effects'] if e['timing'] == 'immediate'}
+        on_step = {e['state_id'] for e in meta['state_effects']}
+        base = copy.deepcopy(rig.R)
+        s0 = rig.R.read('evaluator')
+        res = (session or rig.A).invoke(instance_id=rig.I, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'eff_{cap}_{rig.n}')
+        rig.n += 1
+        self.assertIn(res['status'], ('succeeded', 'accepted'), (cap, res['error']))
+        s1 = rig.R.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in s0 if s0[k] != s1[k]} - {'operation.started_by_other_agent'}
+        self.assertTrue(changed <= eff, (cap, sorted(changed - eff)))
+        for dt in (2.0, 28.0, 270.0, 600.0):
+            rig.R.step(dt)
+            base.step(dt)
+            a, b = rig.R.read('evaluator'), base.read('evaluator')
+            diff = {k for k in a if a[k] != b[k]}
+            self.assertTrue(diff <= (eff | on_step), (cap, dt, sorted(diff - (eff | on_step))))
+
+    def _ctx(self):
+        r = Rig(seed=3, warm=1800.0)
+        r.method(INJ(5, sp=60.0))
+        r.prep('edta', ('mes', 10.0, 5.6), {'edta': 0.1}, vol=2e-6)
+        r.prep('ca', buffer_from='edta', solutes={'ca2+': 1.0})
+        return r
+
+    def test_declared_effects_bench_and_load(self):
+        r = self._ctx()
+        for cap, args in [('method.set', dict(temperature_k=303.15, reference_power_w=8 * UC, feedback='low', stir_rate_hz=10.0, initial_delay_s=120.0, injections=INJ(5),
+                                              cell_concentration_mol_m3=0.1, syringe_concentration_mol_m3=1.0)),
+                          ('temperature.set', dict(temperature_k=298.15)), ('solution.prepare', dict(solution_id='s2', volume_m3=1e-6, buffer=dict(buffer_id='tris', concentration_mol_m3=20.0, ph=8.0))),
+                          ('solution.degas', dict(solution_id='edta')), ('reference.refill', {}), ('pipette.move', dict(location='rest'))]:
+            self._check(r, cap, args)
+        r.until(lambda: r.R.pip['phase'] is None)
+        for cap, args in [('cell.load', dict(solution_id='edta', volume_m3=3e-7, rinse=True)), ('tube.place', dict(solution_id='ca', volume_m3=6e-8)), ('fpa.attach', {}),
+                          ('syringe.plunger_down', {}), ('cleaning_tool.insert', {}), ('cleaning_tool.remove', {})]:
+            self._check(r, cap, args)
+        r.until(lambda: r.R.plunger_target is None)
+        self._check(r, 'pipette.move', dict(location='load'))
+        r.until(lambda: r.R.pip['phase'] is None)
+        self._check(r, 'syringe.load', {})
+        r.until(lambda: not r.R._running_ops())
+        self._check(r, 'syringe.purge_refill', {})
+        r.until(lambda: not r.R._running_ops())
+        r.move('rest')
+        for cap, args in [('tube.remove', {}), ('fpa.detach', {}), ('cell.empty', {}),
+                          ('solution.dialyze', dict(solution_id='s2', buffer=dict(buffer_id='hepes', concentration_mol_m3=20.0, ph=7.5), dialysate_id='dial')),
+                          ('wash.power_set', dict(enabled=False)), ('wash.press_switch', {})]:
+            self._check(r, cap, args)
+        self._check(r, 'stock.provide', dict(stock_id='st', volume_m3=1e-6, buffer=None, components=[dict(species_id='propan_1_ol', concentration_mol_m3=500.0)]), session=r.E)
+        self._check(r, 'interaction.define', dict(interaction_id='ix', model='sites', receptor='px', ligand='ly', n=1.0, kd_mol_m3=1e-3, dh_j_mol=-4e4), session=r.E)
+
+    def test_declared_effects_run_and_clean(self):
+        r = self._ctx()
+        r.load('edta', 'ca')
+        r.step(300)
+        self._check(r, 'run.start', dict(experiment_id='x1'))
+        r.until(lambda: r.R.run is not None and r.R.run['inj'] >= 1)
+        self._check(r, 'instrument.stop', {})
+        r.away()
+        r.call(r.A, 'cleaning_tool.insert')
+        r.move('clean')
+        r.call(r.A, 'fpa.attach')
+        self._check(r, 'clean.start', dict(cell_method='wash', syringe_method='rinse'))
+        r.until(lambda: not r.R._running_ops())
+        for cap, args in [('wash.empty_waste', {}), ('wash.empty_overflow', {}), ('wash.refill', dict(bottle='water'))]:
+            self._check(r, cap, args)
+        self._check(r, 'fault.inject', dict(fault='cell_bubble', active=True), session=r.E)
+        self._check(r, 'power.press_switch', {})
+        self._check(r, 'power.set', dict(enabled=True))
+        self._check(r, 'plant.configure', dict(room_k=297.15, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=3), session=r.E)
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_codes_are_declared(self):
+        meta = m.export_malvern_microcalpeaq_contract_metadata()['capabilities']
+        missing = [(c, e) for c, e in sorted(SEEN) if e not in {x['code'] for x in meta[c]['errors']}]
+        missing += [(c, e) for c, es in sorted(REJECTIONS.items()) for e in sorted(es) if e not in {x['code'] for x in meta[c]['errors']}]
+        self.assertEqual(missing, [])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(SEEN), 40)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(check='rejection_codes_declared', status='passed', codes=len(SEEN)))
+
+    def test_zz_every_implemented_capability_called(self):
+        missing = sorted(k for k in m.CAPS if k not in m.UNSUPPORTED and k not in PROCESS_EVIDENCE)
+        self.assertEqual(missing, [])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_microtrac_turbiscanlab.py b/tests/test_asset_microtrac_turbiscanlab.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..acc0c1aa640682e083e6c70ae1a8fffd73b2652e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_microtrac_turbiscanlab.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+"""CHEM-126 conservative dispersion, timed optical scans, data and ownership regression."""
+import copy,hashlib,importlib.util,json,math,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest import mock
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import microtrac_turbiscanlab as rt
+OBSERVED=[]
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ r=h.invoke(k,**a);OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));return r
+def setup(instance_id='turbiscan_test',plant=None,sample=None,method=None,full=False):
+ h=rt.MicrotracTurbiscanlabRuntime(instance_id);m=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE)
+ if not full:m.update(scan_end_m=.0028,scan_interval_s=.2,duration_s=.7)
+ m.update(method or {})
+ for k,a in [('plant.configure',dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {}))),('sample.set_position',{'distance_m':.105}),('lid.set',{'opened':True}),('sample.load',dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {}))),('lid.set',{'opened':False}),('sample.set_position',{'distance_m':0.}),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('method.configure',m)]:call(h,k,**a)
+ return h
+def finish(h,seconds=150):
+ for _ in range(round(seconds/.1)):
+  h.step(.1)
+  if h.phase!='running':break
+ return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+def unload(h):
+ call(h,'power.set',enabled=False);call(h,'sample.set_position',distance_m=.105);call(h,'lid.set',opened=True);call(h,'sample.remove')
+class TestTurbiscanLab(unittest.TestCase):
+ def rejected(self,h,k,error='.',**a):
+  before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,error):h.invoke(k,**a)
+  self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__)
+ def ledger(self,h):
+  r=call(h,'ledger.read');self.assertLess(abs(r['particle_error_kg']),1e-12);self.assertLess(abs(r['liquid_error_kg']),1e-12);self.assertLess(abs(r['particle_volume_error_m3']),1e-15);self.assertLess(abs(r['thermal_error_j']),1e-7);return r
+ def test_01_full_source_anchored_timed_scans(self):
+  h=setup(full=True);call(h,'acquisition.start');r=finish(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(r['profiles']),4);self.assertLess(r['elapsed_s'],rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE['duration_s']);self.assertGreater(r['tsi'],0);self.assertIsNone(r['migration_velocity_m_s']);self.assertIn('migration_front_not_bracketed_in_two_scans',r['analysis_reasons'])
+  for p in r['profiles']:
+   self.assertEqual(len(p['height_m']),1871);self.assertTrue(np.allclose(np.diff(p['height_m']),20e-6,atol=1e-14));self.assertTrue(np.allclose(np.diff(p['point_time_s']),.002,atol=1e-12));self.assertGreater(p['end_time_s'],p['start_time_s']);self.assertAlmostEqual(p['point_time_s'][0],p['start_time_s']);self.assertAlmostEqual(p['point_time_s'][-1],p['end_time_s']);self.assertTrue(all(0<=x<=1 for x in p['transmission_fraction']+p['backscatter_fraction']))
+  self.ledger(h)
+ def test_02_raw_reference_unchanged_and_unknown_T_not_zero(self):
+  path=rt.ASSET/'turbiscan_library.json';digest=hashlib.sha256(path.read_bytes()).hexdigest();h=setup();record=copy.deepcopy(h.reference);self.assertIsNone(record['values']['transmission_fraction']);self.assertEqual(len(record['values']['height_m']),1253);t,b,_=h._optical_point(.020);expected=float(np.interp(.020,record['values']['height_m'],record['values']['backscatter_fraction'][0]));self.assertAlmostEqual(b,expected,places=12);self.assertGreater(t,0);h.invoke('acquisition.start');r=finish(h);self.assertIn('T=unmeasured; engineering KM output',r['evidence']);self.assertEqual(h.reference,record);self.assertEqual(digest,hashlib.sha256(path.read_bytes()).hexdigest())
+ def test_03_stokes_creaming_and_sedimentation_conserve(self):
+  for rho,direction in [(920.,1),(1800.,-1)]:
+   h=setup(sample={'particle_density_kg_m3':rho,'volume_fraction':.05,'aggregation_rate_s':0.,'accept_template_condition_transfer':True});initial=np.dot(h.phi,h.centers);h.step(30.);self.assertGreater(direction*(np.dot(h.phi,h.centers)-initial),0.);self.assertGreaterEqual(min(h.phi),0);self.assertLessEqual(max(h.phi),h.sample['maximum_packing_fraction']);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_04_noflux_packing_limiter_long_step_no_mass_clipping(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'volume_fraction':.5,'maximum_packing_fraction':.6,'particle_density_kg_m3':1800.,'particle_diameter_m':2e-4,'dynamic_viscosity_pa_s':.05,'aggregation_rate_s':0.,'extra_diffusion_m2_s':1e-7,'accept_template_condition_transfer':True});h.step(120.);self.assertGreaterEqual(min(h.phi),0.);self.assertLessEqual(max(h.phi),.6+1e-13);self.assertGreater(max(h.phi),.5);self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(h.phi),.5*len(h.phi),places=11);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_05_equal_density_stationary_no_random_TSI(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'particle_density_kg_m3':1000.,'aggregation_rate_s':0.});h.invoke('acquisition.start');r=finish(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['tsi'],0.,places=12);self.assertEqual(h.phi,[.75]*len(h.phi));self.ledger(h)
+ def test_06_aggregation_changes_optics_without_creating_mass(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'particle_density_kg_m3':1000.,'aggregation_rate_s':.1});before=h._optical_point(.02);mass=h._masses();h.step(10.);self.assertGreater(h.diameter,h.sample['particle_diameter_m']);self.assertNotEqual(before,h._optical_point(.02));self.assertEqual(mass,h._masses());self.ledger(h)
+ def test_07_two_flux_limits_and_large_optical_depth(self):
+  h=rt.MicrotracTurbiscanlabRuntime()
+  for k,s,L in [(0.,0.,.01),(0.,100.,.01),(100.,0.,.01),(1e6,1e6,.1),(1e-14,1e-14,.01)]:
+   x=call(h,'analysis.two_flux',absorption_m_inv=k,scattering_m_inv=s,path_m=L);self.assertTrue(all(math.isfinite(v) and 0<=v<=1 for v in x.values()));self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(x.values()),1.,places=12)
+   if k==0:self.assertAlmostEqual(x['transmittance'],1/(1+s*L));self.assertAlmostEqual(x['absorptance'],0.,places=12)
+   if s==0:self.assertAlmostEqual(x['transmittance'],math.exp(-k*L));self.assertEqual(x['hemispherical_reflectance'],0.)
+ def test_08_TSI_formula_fixed_auto_mask_and_no_100_clip(self):
+  h=rt.MicrotracTurbiscanlabRuntime();a=dict(transmission_fraction=[[.001,.1],[.003,.2],[.0005,.15]],backscatter_fraction=[[.6,.2],[.5,.4],[.55,.3]],channel='auto_baseline');r=call(h,'analysis.tsi',**a);self.assertTrue(np.allclose(r['tsi_series'],[0,10,15]));self.assertEqual(r['channels'],['backscatter','transmission']);a=dict(transmission_fraction=None,backscatter_fraction=[[0.],[1.],[0.],[1.]],channel='backscatter');self.assertEqual(call(h,'analysis.tsi',**a)['tsi'],300.)
+ def test_09_TSI_missing_channel_and_shape_atomic(self):
+  h=rt.MicrotracTurbiscanlabRuntime();self.rejected(h,'analysis.tsi','CHANNEL_UNAVAILABLE',transmission_fraction=None,backscatter_fraction=[[0.],[1.]],channel='auto_baseline');self.rejected(h,'analysis.tsi','INVALID_PROFILE_SHAPE',transmission_fraction=[[0.],[1.,2.]],backscatter_fraction=None,channel='transmission')
+ def test_10_setpoints_and_queries_do_not_advance_or_teleport(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'accept_template_condition_transfer':True});before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);h.describe();h.session().read(instance_id=h.instance_id);h.invoke('acquisition.result');h.invoke('ledger.read');call(h,'reference.query',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']);self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__);call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=300.15);call(h,'scan.move',position_m=.04);self.assertEqual(h.temperature,298.15);self.assertEqual(h.head,0);self.assertEqual(h.time_s,0);h.step(.1);self.assertGreater(h.temperature,298.15);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.head,.002)
+ def test_11_stiff_heater_exact_energy_and_no_overshoot(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':.1,'heater_gain_w_k':1e5,'heat_loss_w_k':0.,'temperature_sensor_tau_s':.001},sample={'accept_template_condition_transfer':True});call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=333.15);h.step(.1);self.assertGreater(h.temperature,298.15);self.assertLessEqual(h.temperature,333.15);h.step(3.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.temperature,333.15,places=8);self.assertGreater(h.heater_energy,0);self.ledger(h);self.rejected(h,'sample.set_position','HOT_SAMPLE',distance_m=.105)
+ def test_12_passive_cooling_and_no_refrigeration(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'thermal_capacity_j_k':1.,'heat_loss_w_k':1.},sample={'accept_template_condition_transfer':True});self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','NO_ACTIVE_COOLING',temperature_k=298.14);h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=305.15);h.step(2.);before=h.temperature;call(h,'power.set',enabled=False);h.step(1.);self.assertLess(h.temperature,before);self.assertGreaterEqual(h.temperature,298.15);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_13_host_partition_and_zero_step(self):
+  a=setup(instance_id='same');b=setup(instance_id='same');a.invoke('acquisition.start');b.invoke('acquisition.start');a.step(.7)
+  for _ in range(7):b.step(.1)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertEqual(a.profiles,b.profiles);before=copy.deepcopy(a.__dict__);a.step(0.);self.assertEqual(before,a.__dict__)
+ def test_14_dual_instance_independent(self):
+  a=setup(instance_id='a');b=setup(instance_id='b');before=copy.deepcopy(b.__dict__);a.invoke('acquisition.start');a.step(1.);self.assertEqual(before,b.__dict__)
+ def test_15_agent_truth_recovery_permissions(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();meta=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in meta['state_slots']));self.assertNotIn('sample.remove',meta['capabilities']);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+  for k,a in [('sample.remove',{}),('sample.load',rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),('ledger.read',{}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':1.})]:
+   r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments=a,request_id=k);self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__)
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.particle_mass_kg'])
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):h.register_principal('agent','evaluator')
+ def test_16_owner_poll_cancel_result_and_query_no_steal(self):
+  h=setup();h.register_principal('other');s=h.session();other=h.session('other');op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start')['operation_id'];before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+  for k in ['acquisition.result','acquisition.stop']:
+   r=other.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments={},request_id=k);self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__)
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):other.poll(op)
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):other.cancel(op,'cancel')
+  self.assertIsNone(s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='q')['operation_id']);self.assertEqual(h._owners[op],'agent');self.assertEqual(s.cancel(op,'stop')['status'],'succeeded')
+ def test_17_idempotency_conflict_and_unknown_instance(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();a=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='scan.move',arguments={'position_m':.01},request_id='id');r=s.invoke(**a);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);self.assertEqual(r,s.invoke(**a));self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__);a['arguments']={'position_m':.02};self.assertEqual(s.invoke(**a)['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__);a['instance_id']='other';self.assertEqual(s.invoke(**a)['error']['code'],'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+ def test_18_cancel_freezes_partial_but_gravity_heat_continue(self):
+  h=setup(full=True,sample={'volume_fraction':.05,'particle_density_kg_m3':1800.,'accept_template_condition_transfer':True});h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=298.2);h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(1.);mass=h._masses();phi=list(h.phi);temperature=h.temperature;head=h.head;call(h,'acquisition.stop');r=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.assertIsNotNone(r['partial_profile']);self.assertGreater(len(r['partial_profile']['height_m']),1);h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(h.head,head);self.assertNotEqual(h.phi,phi);self.assertGreater(h.temperature,temperature);self.assertEqual(r,h.invoke('acquisition.result'));self.assertTrue(np.allclose(mass,h._masses()));self.ledger(h)
+ def test_19_history_frozen_after_remove_reload_and_return_copy(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start')['operation_id'];finish(h);saved=s.poll(op);unload(h);call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,aggregation_rate_s=.1));self.assertEqual(saved,s.poll(op));self.assertEqual(saved['result'],h.invoke('acquisition.result'));saved['result']['profiles'][0]['backscatter_fraction'][0]=99.;self.assertNotEqual(saved,s.poll(op))
+ def test_20_geometry_volume_consistency_and_access(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'lid.set','SAMPLE_ACCESS',opened=True);self.rejected(h,'sample.remove','SAMPLE_ACCESS');unload(h);self.rejected(h,'sample.load','VESSEL_VOLUME_HEIGHT',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,height_m=.002));volume=2e-6;call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,volume_m3=volume,height_m=volume/(math.pi*(.0251/2)**2)));self.assertEqual(h.sample['volume_m3'],2e-6);self.rejected(h,'sample.set_position','LID_OPEN',distance_m=0.);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_21_source_flags_and_unknown_conditions_atomic(self):
+  h=setup();unload(h)
+  for extra,error in [(dict(accept_engineering=False),'MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED'),(dict(accept_unknown_conditions=False),'UNKNOWN_REFERENCE_CONDITIONS'),(dict(reference_id='missing'),'INVALID_REFERENCE'),(dict(accept_concentrated_stokes_proxy=False),'CONCENTRATED_MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED')]:self.rejected(h,'sample.load',error,**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**extra))
+  lib=copy.deepcopy(rt.library());lib['substances'][rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']]['runtime_usable']=False
+  with mock.patch.object(rt,'library',return_value=lib):self.rejected(h,'sample.load','INVALID_REFERENCE',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_22_true_reference_temperature_and_wavelength(self):
+  h=setup();unload(h);lib=copy.deepcopy(rt.library());r=lib['substances'][rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']];r['conditions']['wavelength_m']=600e-9
+  with mock.patch.object(rt,'library',return_value=lib):self.rejected(h,'sample.load','REFERENCE_WAVELENGTH',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+  r['conditions']['wavelength_m']=880e-9;r['conditions']['temperature_k']=308.15
+  with mock.patch.object(rt,'library',return_value=lib):self.rejected(h,'sample.load','REFERENCE_CONDITIONS',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_23_packing_size_and_stokes_model_domain(self):
+  h=setup();unload(h)
+  for extra,error in [(dict(maximum_packing_fraction=.6),'PACKING_RANGE'),(dict(particle_diameter_m=.001,particle_density_kg_m3=20000.,dynamic_viscosity_pa_s=.0001),'STOKES_REGIME'),(dict(scattering_m_inv=0.),'OPTICAL_ANCHOR_ZERO')]:self.rejected(h,'sample.load',error,**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**extra))
+ def test_24_scan_domain_resolution_and_short_interval(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for extra,error in [(dict(scan_end_m=.055),'SCAN_RANGE'),(dict(scan_start_m=.00198),'SCAN_RANGE'),(dict(scan_end_m=.03942),'SCAN_RANGE'),(dict(scan_end_m=.00281),'SCAN_GRID_ALIGNMENT'),(dict(scan_interval_s=.1),'SCAN_INTERVAL_TOO_SHORT'),(dict(duration_s=.2),'INSUFFICIENT_SCANS'),(dict(tsi_channel='auto_baseline'),'UNMEASURED_TRANSMISSION_SELECTOR')]:self.rejected(h,'method.configure',error,**dict(h.method,**extra))
+  self.rejected(h,'scan.move',position_m=.055001);self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=333.16)
+ def test_25_failure_elapsed_and_partial_profile_preserved(self):
+  h=setup(full=True,sample={'particle_diameter_m':.00099,'particle_density_kg_m3':1000.,'aggregation_rate_s':1.});h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.1);r=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'PARTICLE_SIZE_MODEL_RANGE');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],.1);self.assertEqual(r['profiles'],[]);self.ledger(h);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','PARTICLE_SIZE_MODEL_RANGE')
+ def test_26_external_calibration_saturation_count(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'sensor.calibrate',temperature_zero_k=.1,transmission_gain=1.,transmission_zero_fraction=0.,backscatter_gain=100.,backscatter_zero_fraction=0.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['thermal.indicated_k'],298.05);self.assertEqual(h.temperature,298.15);h.invoke('acquisition.start');r=finish(h);self.assertGreater(sum(x['saturated_points'] for x in r['profiles']),0);self.assertTrue(all(v==1 for p in r['profiles'] for v in p['backscatter_fraction']))
+ def test_27_actual_front_timestamp_and_OLS(self):
+  h=setup();h.method['front_threshold_fraction']=.05;baseline=dict(height_m=[0.,.001,.002],point_time_s=[0.,1.,2.],backscatter_fraction=[.5,.5,.5]);h.profiles=[baseline];current=dict(height_m=[0.,.001,.002],point_time_s=[10.,11.,12.],backscatter_fraction=[.6,.55,.5]);front=h._front(current);self.assertAlmostEqual(front,.001);self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.interp(front,current['height_m'],current['point_time_s'])),11.)
+ def test_28_invalid_numbers_busy_atomic(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for x in [True,float('nan'),float('inf'),-1.]:self.rejected(h,'scan.move',position_m=x)
+  before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+  for dt in [True,float('nan'),float('inf'),-1.]:
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):h.step(dt)
+   self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__)
+  h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.rejected(h,'sample.set_position','BUSY',distance_m=.105);self.rejected(h,'method.configure','BUSY',**h.method)
+ def test_29_cleanup_service_and_truth_ledgers(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'service.set','POWER_INTERLOCK',distance_m=.06);h.invoke('acquisition.start');finish(h);unload(h);call(h,'service.set',distance_m=.06);self.rejected(h,'power.set','NOT_READY',enabled=True);call(h,'service.set',distance_m=0.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.particle_loaded,h.particle_recovered);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.liquid_loaded,h.liquid_recovered);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_30_all_unsupported_are_honest(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:self.rejected(h,k,'UNSUPPORTED')
+  m=h.describe();self.assertEqual(m['capabilities']['particle_size.inverse_mie']['availability'],'unsupported');self.assertIn('20um',json.dumps(m));self.assertEqual(rt.WAVELENGTH,880e-9)
+ def test_31_actual_effects_declared(self):
+  meta=rt.export_microtrac_turbiscanlab_contract_metadata();original=rt.MicrotracTurbiscanlabRuntime.invoke
+  def audited(h,k,**a):
+   before=h.read();r=original(h,k,**a);after=h.read();changed={x for x in before if before[x]!=after[x]};declared={e['state_id'] for e in meta['capabilities'][k]['state_effects'] if e['timing']=='immediate'};self.assertFalse(changed-declared,(k,changed-declared));return r
+  with mock.patch.object(rt.MicrotracTurbiscanlabRuntime,'invoke',audited):
+   h=setup();call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**dict(rt.CAPS['sensor.calibrate']['example_arguments'],temperature_zero_k=.1));call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=298.2);call(h,'scan.move',position_m=.001);call(h,'acquisition.start');call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=.2);call(h,'acquisition.stop');unload(h);call(h,'service.set',distance_m=.06)
+ def test_31b_preset_heating_cannot_bypass_reference_temperature(self):
+  h=rt.MicrotracTurbiscanlabRuntime();h.invoke('plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=300.15);h.invoke('sample.set_position',distance_m=.105);h.invoke('lid.set',opened=True);lib=copy.deepcopy(rt.library());lib['substances'][rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']]['conditions']['temperature_k']=298.15
+  with mock.patch.object(rt,'library',return_value=lib):h.invoke('sample.load',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+  h.invoke('lid.set',opened=False);h.invoke('sample.set_position',distance_m=0.);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=True);h.step(10.);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE')
+ def test_31c_source_cell_path_matches_library_schema(self):
+  h=setup();unload(h);lib=copy.deepcopy(rt.library());lib['substances'][rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']]['conditions']['cell_path_m']=.01
+  with mock.patch.object(rt,'library',return_value=lib):self.rejected(h,'sample.load','REFERENCE_CONDITIONS',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_32_actual_api_state_schemas(self):
+  spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('turbiscan_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(tool);meta=rt.export_microtrac_turbiscanlab_contract_metadata();h=setup();call(h,'acquisition.start');call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=.7);call(h,'acquisition.result');self.ledger(h)
+  for k,c in rt.CAPS.items():
+   if k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:continue
+   cases=[v for v in OBSERVED if v[0]==k];self.assertTrue(cases,k)
+   for _,a,r in cases:self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(a,meta['capabilities'][k]['input_schema']),[],k);self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(r,meta['capabilities'][k]['output_schema']),[],k)
+  for k,v in h.read().items():self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(v,meta['state_slots'][k]['value_schema']),[],k)
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_mt_rc1mxhfcal.py b/tests/test_asset_mt_rc1mxhfcal.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..decbe646876060e3e93d04816be00d6f4ad5e47b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_mt_rc1mxhfcal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1073 @@
+"""CHEM-149 METTLER TOLEDO RC1mx + HFCal (AP01-2 glass reactor) runtime tests: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_mt_rc1mxhfcal.py
+
+Themes (pipeline.md): set points only write targets; read/describe/poll are pure; rejected preconditions leave the state
+unchanged; two instances are isolated; agent/evaluator truth isolation; energy, mass and species conservation; real return
+values validate against the contract schemas; async completion / cancellation residue.
+Physics and instrument: the RC1e AP01-2 heating/cooling curves (empty reactor Tj mode, 1 L water Tr mode, emergency A) are
+reproduced within tolerance and not an order of magnitude slower; |Tj - Tr| <= T diff max; the HFCal UA calibration, the
+heat-capacity ramp and the heat-flow evaluation recover the true UA, heat capacity and the reaction heat of the acetic
+anhydride hydrolysis (enthalpy derived from NIST enthalpies of formation); accumulation and MTSR; emergency programs A, B1 and
+C with their triggers, actions, 0.1 K/s gradients, blocking and reset; stirrer torque limit and shaft mirror; discharge;
+bubble-point and volume guards; quantised Pt100 readings; 2 s instrument cycle (host-step independence, PI stability bound);
+power loss without cooling; request binding, ownership and unsupported capabilities.  No native scene, robot or hardware claims.
+"""
+import copy
+import importlib.util
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT))
+from scripts.asset_runtime.mt_rc1mxhfcal import *  # noqa: E402,F401,F403
+from scripts.asset_runtime import mt_rc1mxhfcal as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+CHECKS = []
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('rc1mx_asset_tool', ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py')
+asset_tool = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+_spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+_ispec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('rc1mx_interface', ROOT / 'outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal/interface_definition.py')
+interface = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_ispec)
+_ispec.loader.exec_module(interface)
+OUT = ROOT / 'outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/mt_rc1mxhfcal'
+QUIET = dict(tr_offset_k=0.0, tj_offset_k=0.0, tc_offset_k=0.0, sensor_noise_k=0.0)
+FIT_PLANT = dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, ambient_k=295.15, coolant_inlet_k=289.15, coolant_flow_m3_s=10e-3 / 60.0, **QUIET)
+HYDROLYSIS = dict(reactions=[dict(reaction_id='acetic_anhydride_hydrolysis', log10_a=5.5, activation_energy_j_mol=46000.0,
+                                  orders=[dict(substance_id='acetic_anhydride', order=1.0), dict(substance_id='water', order=0.0)])], accept_priors=True)
+
+
+def state(h):
+    s = h.read('evaluator')
+    s.pop('clock.time_s')
+    return s
+
+
+def call(h, k, **a):
+    """Invoke through the runtime, validate the returned value and check that only declared slots changed immediately."""
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    r = h.invoke(k, **a)
+    validate(CAPS[k]['output_schema'], r)
+    problems = asset_tool.validate_value(r, CAPS[k]['output_schema'])
+    if problems:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{k}: {problems}')
+    after = h.read('evaluator')
+    delta = {x for x in after if before[x] != after[x]}
+    if k != 'sim.step' and not delta <= set(CAPS[k]['effects']):
+        raise AssertionError(f'{k}: undeclared state changes {sorted(delta - set(CAPS[k]["effects"]))}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(k, []).append(dict(time_s=h.time_s, result_keys=sorted(r) if isinstance(r, dict) else None, actual_call=True))
+    return r
+
+
+def rejected(test, h, code, k, **a):
+    before = copy.deepcopy(state(h))
+    with test.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+        h.invoke(k, **a)
+    test.assertEqual(str(e.exception), code)
+    test.assertEqual(state(h), before, f'{k} rejection changed the state')
+
+
+def plant(**kw):
+    h = MtRc1mxhfcalRuntime()
+    call(h, 'plant.configure', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, **kw))
+    call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+    return h
+
+
+def with_water(kg=0.8, rpm=250.0, T=313.15, **kw):
+    h = plant(**kw)
+    call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='water', mass_kg=kg)], temperature_k=T, viscosity_pa_s=0.00089, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.6, accept_priors=True)
+    call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=rpm)
+    return h
+
+
+def settle_tr(h, T=313.15, s=1800.0, controller='aqueous'):
+    call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=T, ramp_s=0.0, controller=controller)
+    call(h, 'sim.step', dt_s=s)
+
+
+def run_until(h, pred, limit_s, dt=2.0):
+    t = 0.0
+    while not pred() and t < limit_s:
+        h.step(dt)
+        t += dt
+    return t
+
+
+def digitised(plot, key):
+    d = json.loads((OUT / 'source_cache/rc1e_curves_digitized.json').read_text())['plots'][plot]['series'][key]
+    return sorted((a[0], a[1]) for a in d)
+
+
+def first_time(series, level, after=0.0):
+    return next(t for t, T in series if t >= after and T >= level)
+
+
+def calibrated_hydrolysis(noise=True, seed=7):
+    kw = dict(noise_seed=seed) if noise else dict(QUIET)
+    h = with_water(kg=0.8, T=313.15, **kw)
+    call(h, 'reaction.configure', **HYDROLYSIS)
+    e = call(h, 'experiment.start', name='hydrolysis')['experiment_id']
+    settle_tr(h)
+    c1 = call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0)['operation_id']
+    h.step(2200.0)
+    t0, q0 = h.time_s, h.ledger()['reaction_heat_j']
+    call(h, 'dosing.start', substance_id='acetic_anhydride', rate_kg_s=1.5e-4, total_mass_kg=0.10209, feed_temperature_k=None)
+    h.step(3600.0)
+    t1, q1 = h.time_s, h.ledger()['reaction_heat_j']
+    c2 = call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0)['operation_id']
+    h.step(2200.0)
+    return h, e, c1, c2, t0, t1, q1 - q0
+
+
+class Rc1mxRuntimeTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------- contract themes
+    def test01_read_and_describe_are_pure(self):
+        h = with_water()
+        s0, rev = state(h), h.revision
+        h.read('agent'); h.read('evaluator'); h.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual((state(h), h.revision, h.time_s), (s0, rev, h.time_s))
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        d = h.session('a1').describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertEqual(d['asset_type_id'], ASSET_TYPE_ID)
+        self.assertTrue(all(v['visibility'] == 'agent' for v in d['state_slots'].values()))
+        self.assertEqual(state(h), s0)
+
+    def test02_setpoint_only_writes_target(self):
+        h = with_water(T=298.15)
+        T0 = h.read('evaluator')['truth.reactor_k']
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=333.15, ramp_s=600.0, controller='aqueous')
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(s['truth.reactor_k'], T0)
+        self.assertEqual(s['thermostat.mode'], 'tr')
+        call(h, 'sim.step', dt_s=600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.read('evaluator')['truth.reactor_k'], T0 + 10.0)
+
+    def test03_rejections_leave_state_unchanged(self):
+        h = MtRc1mxhfcalRuntime()
+        rejected(self, h, 'PLANT_REQUIRED', 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        call(h, 'plant.configure', **PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        rejected(self, h, 'PLANT_ALREADY_CONFIGURED', 'plant.configure', **PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        rejected(self, h, 'POWER_OFF', 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=320.0, ramp_s=0.0)
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        rejected(self, h, 'OUTSIDE_SAFETY_LIMITS', 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=440.0, ramp_s=0.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'VOLUME_BELOW_OPERATING_RANGE', 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=320.0, ramp_s=0.0, controller='aqueous')
+        rejected(self, h, 'UNKNOWN_SUBSTANCE', 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='unobtainium', mass_kg=0.1)], temperature_k=298.15,
+                 viscosity_pa_s=0.001, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.5, accept_priors=True)
+        rejected(self, h, 'NOT_LIQUID', 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='water', mass_kg=0.1)], temperature_k=270.0,
+                 viscosity_pa_s=0.001, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.5, accept_priors=True)
+        rejected(self, h, 'VOLUME_ABOVE_OPERATING_RANGE', 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='water', mass_kg=2.1)], temperature_k=298.15,
+                 viscosity_pa_s=0.001, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.5, accept_priors=True)
+        rejected(self, h, 'OUTSIDE_STIRRER_RANGE', 'stirrer.set', rpm=20.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'OUTSIDE_STIRRER_RANGE', 'stirrer.set', rpm=900.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'TR_MODE_REQUIRED', 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=600.0, post_s=600.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'RATE_ABOVE_DOSING_UNIT', 'dosing.start', substance_id='water', rate_kg_s=0.01, total_mass_kg=0.1, feed_temperature_k=None)
+        rejected(self, h, 'INVALID_KINETICS', 'reaction.configure', reactions=[dict(reaction_id='acetic_anhydride_hydrolysis', log10_a=5.0, activation_energy_j_mol=4e4,
+                                                                                    orders=[dict(substance_id='acetic_anhydride', order=1.0)])], accept_priors=True)
+        rejected(self, h, 'INVALID_SAFETY_SETTINGS', 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tr_min_k=400.0))
+        rejected(self, h, 'NO_EMERGENCY', 'emergency.reset')
+
+    def test04_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = with_water(), with_water(kg=1.2)
+        call(a, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=333.15, ramp_s=0.0, controller='aqueous')
+        a.step(900.0)
+        self.assertNotAlmostEqual(a.read('evaluator')['truth.reactor_k'], b.read('evaluator')['truth.reactor_k'], places=2)
+        self.assertEqual(b.read('evaluator')['thermostat.mode'], 'tj')
+        self.assertEqual(b.time_s, 0.0)
+
+    def test05_agent_sees_no_truth(self):
+        h = with_water()
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent'); h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        obs = h.session('a1').read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.') or k in ('stirrer.angle_rad', 'drain.angle_rad')])
+        self.assertTrue(all(k in h.session('ev').read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations'] for k in ('truth.ua_w_k', 'truth.composition_mol')))
+        r = h.session('a1').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='ledger.read', arguments={}, request_id='r1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            h.session('a1').read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['truth.reactor_k'])
+
+    def test06_energy_ledger_closes(self):
+        h, *_ = calibrated_hydrolysis()
+        call(h, 'reactor.discharge', open=True)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        led = call(h, 'ledger.read')
+        scale = max(abs(led['heater_j']), abs(led['coolant_removed_j']), 1.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['energy_residual_j']), 1e-9 * scale)
+        self.assertGreater(led['reaction_heat_j'], 5e4)
+        self.assertGreater(led['discharged_kg'], 0.0)
+
+    def test07_mass_and_species_conservation(self):
+        h, *_ = calibrated_hydrolysis()
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(led['mass_residual_kg']), 1e-12)
+        subs = rt.library()['substances']
+        n = h.read('evaluator')['truth.composition_mol']
+        # carbon balance: acetic anhydride (C4) dosed -> acetic acid (C2); all anhydride hydrolysed
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(n.get('acetic_acid', 0.0), 2 * 0.10209 / subs['acetic_anhydride']['M'], places=6)
+        self.assertLess(n.get('acetic_anhydride', 0.0), 1e-9)
+        for rid, r in rt.library()['reactions'].items():
+            dm = sum(c * subs[s]['M'] for s, c in r['products'].items()) - sum(c * subs[s]['M'] for s, c in r['reactants'].items())
+            self.assertLess(abs(dm), 2e-4, rid)                                 # stoichiometric mass balance of every library reaction
+        prov = call(h, 'provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual((prov['library'], prov['reactions']), (str(LIBRARY_PATH.relative_to(ROOT)), ['acetic_anhydride_hydrolysis']))
+        self.assertEqual(set(prov['substances']), set(n))
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------- thermostat against the manufacturer's curves
+    def test08_empty_reactor_tj_mode_follows_rc1e_curve1(self):
+        h = MtRc1mxhfcalRuntime()
+        call(h, 'plant.configure', **FIT_PLANT); call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tj_max_k=503.15, tr_max_k=473.15))
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=298.15, ramp_s=0.0); h.step(1800.0)
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=473.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        t = run_until(h, lambda: h.read('evaluator')['truth.jacket_k'] >= 453.15, 7200.0)
+        man = digitised('curve1_empty_Tj_mode', 'Tj')
+        t_man = first_time(man, 180.0, 120.0) - first_time(man, 26.0, 120.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(t / t_man - 1.0), 0.15, (t, t_man))
+        h.step(900.0)
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=298.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        tc = run_until(h, lambda: h.read('evaluator')['truth.jacket_k'] <= 333.15, 3600.0)
+        dn = [x for x in man if x[0] > 1800.0]
+        t_man_c = next(t_ for t_, T in dn if T <= 60.0) - next(t_ for t_, T in dn if T <= 199.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(tc / t_man_c - 1.0), 0.3, (tc, t_man_c))
+
+    def test09_one_litre_water_tr_mode_follows_rc1e_curve2(self):
+        h = MtRc1mxhfcalRuntime()
+        call(h, 'plant.configure', **FIT_PLANT); call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='water', mass_kg=0.995)], temperature_k=298.15, viscosity_pa_s=0.00089, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.6,
+             accept_priors=True)
+        call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=200.0)
+        settle_tr(h, 298.15, 1200.0)
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=368.15, ramp_s=0.0, controller='aqueous')
+        t0 = h.time_s
+        diffs = []
+        t40 = t90 = None
+        while h.time_s - t0 < 3600.0 and t90 is None:
+            h.step(2.0)
+            s = h.read('evaluator')
+            diffs.append(s['truth.jacket_k'] - s['truth.reactor_k'])
+            if t40 is None and s['truth.reactor_k'] >= 313.15:
+                t40 = h.time_s
+            if s['truth.reactor_k'] >= 363.15:
+                t90 = h.time_s
+        man = digitised('curve2_1L_water_Tr_mode', 'Tr')
+        t_man = first_time(man, 90.0, 240.0) - first_time(man, 40.0, 240.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs((t90 - t40) / t_man - 1.0), 0.15, ((t90 - t40), t_man))
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(diffs), TDIFF_MAX_K + 0.5)                  # glass protection: Tj - Tr limited to 50 K
+        self.assertGreater(max(diffs), TDIFF_MAX_K - 3.0)                   # and the heater is really at the limit
+
+    def test10_emergency_a_cools_about_twice_as_fast(self):
+        rates = {}
+        for emerg in (False, True):
+            h = MtRc1mxhfcalRuntime()
+            call(h, 'plant.configure', **FIT_PLANT); call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+            call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tj_max_k=503.15, tr_max_k=473.15))
+            call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=473.15, ramp_s=0.0); h.step(3600.0)
+            T0 = h.read('evaluator')['truth.jacket_k']
+            if emerg:
+                call(h, 'emergency.trigger')
+            else:
+                call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=298.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+            h.step(60.0)
+            rates[emerg] = (T0 - h.read('evaluator')['truth.jacket_k']) / 60.0
+        self.assertGreater(rates[True], 1.4 * rates[False], rates)          # safety-valve bypass: fitted to the RC1e curve-4 collapse
+        self.assertGreater(rates[False], 0.5, rates)                        # K/s: RC1e curve 1 drops ~95 K in 2 min
+
+    def test11_rates_not_an_order_of_magnitude_off(self):
+        cal = json.loads((OUT / 'thermal_calibration.json').read_text())
+        for plot, r in cal['rate_check'].items():
+            self.assertTrue(0.5 < r['model_over_manufacturer'] < 2.0, (plot, r))
+        for k, v in cal['fitted'].items():
+            if k in PLANT_FIT:
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(PLANT_FIT[k], v, delta=abs(v) * 1e-4, msg=k)
+
+    def test12_tj_below_coolant_margin_warns_but_is_accepted(self):
+        h = plant(**QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tj_min_k=253.15, tr_min_k=253.15))
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=290.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        self.assertIn('TJ_BELOW_COOLANT_MARGIN', [e['code'] for e in h.events])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k'], 290.15)
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------- HFCal
+    def test13_ua_calibration_recovers_true_ua(self):
+        h = with_water(**QUIET)
+        settle_tr(h)
+        op = call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0)['operation_id']
+        self.assertTrue(h.read('evaluator')['calibration.running'])
+        h.step(1200.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read('evaluator')['cal_heater.on'])
+        h.step(1000.0)
+        res = call(h, 'calibration.result', operation_id=op)
+        ua = h.read('evaluator')['truth.ua_w_k']
+        self.assertEqual(res['phase'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertLess(abs(res['ua_w_k'] / ua - 1.0), 0.02, (res['ua_w_k'], ua))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['calibration.ua_w_k'], res['ua_w_k'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(res['uncertainty_w_k'])
+
+    def test14_heat_capacity_ramp_recovers_true_heat_capacity(self):
+        h = with_water(kg=1.2, **QUIET)
+        settle_tr(h)
+        call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0); h.step(2200.0)
+        op = call(h, 'calibration.cp', delta_k=5.0, rate_k_min=0.5, hold_s=600.0)['operation_id']
+        h.step(600.0 + 600.0 + 700.0)
+        res = call(h, 'calibration.result', operation_id=op)
+        C = h.read('evaluator')['truth.heat_capacity_j_k']
+        self.assertEqual(res['phase'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertLess(abs(res['heat_capacity_j_k'] / C - 1.0), 0.05, (res['heat_capacity_j_k'], C))
+
+    def test15_evaluation_recovers_reaction_heat_and_enthalpy(self):
+        for noise in (False, True):
+            h, e, c1, c2, t0, t1, q_true = calibrated_hydrolysis(noise=noise)
+            C = h.read('evaluator')['truth.heat_capacity_j_k']
+            ev = call(h, 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=t0, end_s=t1, limiting_reagent_mol=1.0, heat_capacity_j_k=C)
+            self.assertEqual((ev['ua_basis'], ev['interpolation'], ev['quality']), ('bracketing_calibrations', 'dosed_mass', ['ok']))
+            self.assertLess(abs(ev['heat_released_j'] / q_true - 1.0), 0.02, (ev['heat_released_j'], q_true))
+            dh = rt.library()['reactions']['acetic_anhydride_hydrolysis']['dh']
+            self.assertLess(abs(ev['reaction_enthalpy_j_mol'] / dh - 1.0), 0.03)
+            self.assertGreater(ev['final_thermal_conversion'], 0.99)
+
+    def test16_accumulation_and_mtsr(self):
+        h, e, c1, c2, t0, t1, q_true = calibrated_hydrolysis(noise=False)
+        C = h.read('evaluator')['truth.heat_capacity_j_k']
+        ev = h.invoke('calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=t0, end_s=t1, limiting_reagent_mol=None, heat_capacity_j_k=C)
+        self.assertIsNone(ev['reaction_enthalpy_j_mol'])
+        self.assertTrue(0.05 < ev['max_accumulation'] < 0.6, ev['max_accumulation'])
+        self.assertGreater(ev['max_mtsr_k'], 313.15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ev['adiabatic_temperature_rise_k'], ev['heat_released_j'] / C, places=9)
+        pts = ev['points']
+        self.assertTrue(all(0.0 <= p['accumulation'] <= 1.0 for p in pts))
+        self.assertTrue(all(p['mtsr_k'] >= p['tr_k'] - 1e-9 for p in pts))
+
+    def test17_evaluation_requires_calibrations(self):
+        h = with_water(**QUIET)
+        e = call(h, 'experiment.start', name='x')['experiment_id']
+        settle_tr(h, s=600.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'UA_CALIBRATION_REQUIRED', 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=0.0, end_s=600.0, limiting_reagent_mol=None, heat_capacity_j_k=None)
+        call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0); h.step(2200.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'HEAT_CAPACITY_REQUIRED', 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=0.0, end_s=600.0, limiting_reagent_mol=None, heat_capacity_j_k=None)
+        rejected(self, h, 'UNKNOWN_EXPERIMENT', 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id='exp-99', start_s=0.0, end_s=600.0, limiting_reagent_mol=None, heat_capacity_j_k=None)
+        rejected(self, h, 'WINDOW_TOO_SHORT', 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=100.0, end_s=110.0, limiting_reagent_mol=None, heat_capacity_j_k=3000.0)
+
+    def test18_calibration_fails_when_conditions_change(self):
+        h = with_water(**QUIET)
+        settle_tr(h)
+        op = call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0)['operation_id']
+        h.step(700.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read('evaluator')['cal_heater.on'])
+        call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=300.0)
+        res = h.invoke('calibration.result', operation_id=op)
+        self.assertEqual((res['phase'], res['reason']), ('failed', 'CONDITIONS_CHANGED'))
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertFalse(s['cal_heater.on'] or s['calibration.running'])
+        self.assertIsNone(s['calibration.ua_w_k'])
+
+    def test19_dosing_completion_and_cancellation_residue(self):
+        h = with_water(**QUIET)
+        op = call(h, 'dosing.start', substance_id='ethanol', rate_kg_s=1e-3, total_mass_kg=0.05, feed_temperature_k=293.15)['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'running')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[op]['phase'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['dosed_kg'], 0.05, places=12)
+        op2 = call(h, 'dosing.start', substance_id='ethanol', rate_kg_s=1e-3, total_mass_kg=0.05, feed_temperature_k=None)['operation_id']
+        h.step(20.0)
+        res = call(h, 'dosing.stop')
+        self.assertEqual((res['phase'], res['reason']), ('cancelled', 'USER_CANCEL'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res['dosed_kg'], 0.02, places=9)                 # partial dosing stays in the reactor
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['dosed_kg'], 0.07, places=9)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('evaluator')['dosing.active'])
+        rejected(self, h, 'NOT_DOSING', 'dosing.stop')
+        self.assertNotEqual(op, op2)
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------- safety system
+    def test20_limit_violations_trigger_programs(self):
+        h = with_water(T=298.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tr_max_k=313.15))
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=333.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        run_until(h, lambda: h.emergency is not None, 7200.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.emergency['program'], h.emergency['cause']), ('A', 'TR_ABOVE_MAX'))
+        h2 = with_water(T=298.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h2, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tr_min_k=293.15, tsafe_k=298.15, tj_min_k=253.15))
+        call(h2, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=285.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        run_until(h2, lambda: h2.emergency is not None, 7200.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h2.emergency['program'], 'C')
+        self.assertIn('TR_BELOW_MIN', h2.emergency['cause'])
+
+    def test21_emergency_a_actions(self):
+        h = with_water(**QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, rsafe_rpm=100.0))
+        settle_tr(h)
+        call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=300.0, heat_s=300.0, post_s=300.0); h.step(400.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read('evaluator')['cal_heater.on'])
+        call(h, 'emergency.trigger')
+        h.step(4.0)
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual((s['emergency.program'], s['status.ok'], s['safety_relay.closed'], s['thermostat.mode'], s['cal_heater.on']), ('A', False, False, 'tj', False))
+        self.assertEqual((s['truth.heater_power_w'], s['truth.valve_opening'], h.safety_valve), (0.0, 1.0, True))
+        self.assertEqual(s['stirrer.setpoint_rpm'], 100.0)                                                 # Rsafe
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[h.calibrations[-1]['operation_id']]['phase'] if h.calibrations else 'failed', 'failed')
+
+    def test22_emergency_blocks_changes_and_reset_needs_clear_cause(self):
+        h = with_water(T=298.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tr_max_k=313.15))
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=333.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        run_until(h, lambda: h.emergency is not None, 7200.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'EMERGENCY_ACTIVE', 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=300.0, ramp_s=0.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'EMERGENCY_ACTIVE', 'stirrer.set', rpm=100.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'EMERGENCY_ACTIVE', 'dosing.start', substance_id='water', rate_kg_s=1e-4, total_mass_kg=0.01, feed_temperature_k=None)
+        if h._active_causes():
+            rejected(self, h, 'CAUSE_PERSISTS', 'emergency.reset')
+        run_until(h, lambda: not h._active_causes(), 3600.0)
+        call(h, 'emergency.reset')
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual((s['emergency.active'], s['status.ok'], s['safety_relay.closed'], s['thermostat.mode']), (False, True, True, 'tj'))
+
+    def test23_b1_and_c_move_to_tsafe_at_0p1_k_per_s(self):
+        h = with_water(T=333.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tsafe_k=303.15, rmin_rpm=50.0))
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=333.15, ramp_s=0.0); h.step(600.0)
+        call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=0.0)
+        run_until(h, lambda: h.emergency is not None, 400.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.emergency['program'], h.emergency['cause']), ('B1', 'STIRRER_OFF_3MIN'))
+        sp0 = h.read('evaluator')['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k']
+        h.step(100.0)
+        sp1 = h.read('evaluator')['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((sp0 - sp1) / 100.0, EMERGENCY_GRADIENT_K_S, delta=0.011)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k'], 303.15, places=6)
+
+    def test24_tc_above_max_for_3_min_triggers_a(self):
+        h = with_water(**QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tc_max_k=285.15))            # coolant 16 C: the cold oil is above 12 C
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertIn('TC_ABOVE_MAX', [e['code'] for e in h.events])
+        self.assertIsNone(h.emergency)
+        h.step(TC_MAX_DELAY_S)
+        self.assertEqual((h.emergency['program'], h.emergency['cause']), ('A', 'TC_ABOVE_MAX_3MIN'))
+
+    def test25_more_than_one_cause_triggers_a(self):
+        # RC1e 5.6: one C cause -> C; two causes in the same cycle -> A (cycle logic driven with crafted indicated values)
+        for low_tj, want in ((False, 'C'), (True, 'A')):
+            h = with_water(T=298.15, **QUIET)
+            h.step(4.0)
+            h.meas = dict(h.meas, tr=h.safety['tr_min_k'] - 1.0, tj=h.safety['tj_min_k'] - (1.0 if low_tj else -30.0))
+            h._safety_cycle()
+            self.assertEqual(h.emergency['program'], want, h.emergency)
+            self.assertEqual('+' in h.emergency['cause'], low_tj)
+
+    def test26_emergency_button_is_never_guarded(self):
+        h = with_water(**QUIET)
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent'); h.register_principal('a2', 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='experiment.start', arguments=dict(name='a1-run'), request_id='x1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        r = s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='thermostat.set_tj', arguments=dict(end_k=320.0, ramp_s=0.0), request_id='y1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='emergency.trigger', arguments={}, request_id='y2')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['result']['program']), ('succeeded', 'A'))
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------- stirrer, reactor, readings
+    def test27_glass_stirrer_torque_limit(self):
+        h = plant(**QUIET)
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='glycerol', mass_kg=1.26)], temperature_k=298.15, viscosity_pa_s=1.4, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.29,
+             accept_priors=True)
+        call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=600.0)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertLess(s['stirrer.indicated_rpm'], 600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(s['truth.stirrer_torque_nm'], GLASS_STIRRER_TORQUE_MAX_NM, delta=1e-3)
+        h2 = with_water(rpm=600.0, **QUIET)
+        h2.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h2.read('evaluator')['stirrer.indicated_rpm'], 600.0)
+
+    def test28_stirrer_angle_mirror_modulo_one_turn(self):
+        h = with_water(rpm=240.0, **QUIET)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        a0 = h.read('evaluator')['stirrer.angle_rad']
+        h.step(0.125)                                                          # 240 rpm = 4 rev/s: half a turn
+        a1 = h.read('evaluator')['stirrer.angle_rad']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((a1 - a0) % (2 * math.pi), math.pi, places=6)
+        self.assertTrue(0.0 <= a1 < STIRRER_JOINT_MAX_RAD)
+
+    def test29_discharge_drains_and_switches_to_tj(self):
+        h = with_water(kg=0.8, **QUIET)
+        settle_tr(h, s=300.0)
+        call(h, 'reactor.discharge', open=True)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read('evaluator')['drain.open'])
+        run_until(h, lambda: h.read('evaluator')['thermostat.mode'] == 'tj', 600.0)
+        self.assertIn('TR_SENSOR_NOT_IMMERSED', [e['code'] for e in h.events])
+        h.step(120.0)
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertLess(s['truth.volume_m3'], 1e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['discharged_kg'], 0.8, places=9)
+        call(h, 'reactor.discharge', open=False); h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['drain.angle_rad'], 0.0)
+
+    def test30_bubble_point_guard(self):
+        h = plant(**QUIET)
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='dichloromethane', mass_kg=0.9)], temperature_k=293.15, viscosity_pa_s=0.00041, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.14,
+             accept_priors=True)
+        bp = h.read('evaluator')['truth.bubble_point_k']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(bp, rt.library()['substances']['dichloromethane']['tb'], places=3)
+        rejected(self, h, 'ABOVE_BUBBLE_POINT', 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=bp - 1.0, ramp_s=0.0, controller='organic')
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=bp - 5.0, ramp_s=0.0, controller='organic')
+
+    def test31_readings_are_quantised_with_offsets(self):
+        h = with_water(tr_offset_k=0.2, tj_offset_k=-0.1, sensor_noise_k=0.0)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        for k in ('reactor.indicated_k', 'jacket.indicated_k', 'cooling_oil.indicated_k'):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(s[k] / RESOLUTION_K, round(s[k] / RESOLUTION_K), places=6)
+        h.step(0.5)                                                            # readings only change on the 2 s cycle
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['reactor.indicated_k'], s['reactor.indicated_k'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(s['reactor.indicated_k'] - s['truth.reactor_k'], 0.2, delta=0.02)
+
+    def test32_host_step_independence(self):
+        a, b = with_water(), with_water()
+        for h, dt in ((a, 2.0), (b, 60.0)):
+            call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=333.15, ramp_s=300.0, controller='aqueous')
+            for _ in range(int(1200 / dt)):
+                h.step(dt)
+        sa, sb = state(a), state(b)
+        for k in ('truth.reactor_k', 'truth.jacket_k', 'truth.cooling_oil_k', 'reactor.indicated_k'):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(sa[k], sb[k], places=9, msg=k)
+
+    def test33_pi_stability_bound(self):
+        self.assertLessEqual(KP_TJ_W_K * CYCLE_S / PLANT_FIT['C_J'], 0.5)
+        h = plant(**QUIET)
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=323.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        h.step(1800.0)
+        tj = []
+        for _ in range(60):
+            h.step(2.0); tj.append(h.read('evaluator')['truth.jacket_k'])
+        self.assertLess(max(tj) - min(tj), 0.05)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(tj) / len(tj), 323.15, delta=0.1)
+
+    def test34_power_loss_means_no_cooling(self):
+        h, *_ = calibrated_hydrolysis(noise=False)
+        call(h, 'dosing.start', substance_id='acetic_anhydride', rate_kg_s=1e-3, total_mass_kg=0.05, feed_temperature_k=313.15)
+        h.step(30.0)
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        T0 = h.read('evaluator')['truth.reactor_k']
+        h.step(120.0)
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertGreater(s['truth.reactor_k'], T0 + 0.5)                                                 # reaction continues without cooling
+        self.assertEqual((s['truth.heater_power_w'], s['truth.valve_opening'], s['dosing.active'], s['reactor.indicated_k']), (0.0, 0.0, False, None))
+
+    def test35_kirchhoff_consistent_adiabatic_reaction(self):
+        h = MtRc1mxhfcalRuntime()
+        call(h, 'plant.configure', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, **QUIET))
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='water', mass_kg=0.5), dict(substance_id='acetic_anhydride', mass_kg=0.05)], temperature_k=298.15,
+             viscosity_pa_s=0.001, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.55, accept_priors=True)
+        call(h, 'reaction.configure', **HYDROLYSIS)
+        subs = rt.library()['substances']
+        n0 = dict(h.n)
+        E0 = rt.formation_enthalpy(h.n) + h._C_r() * (h.T[0] - T_REF)
+        h._react(600.0)
+        E1 = rt.formation_enthalpy(h.n) + h._C_r() * (h.T[0] - T_REF)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(E0, E1, delta=1e-6 * abs(E0))
+        xi = n0['acetic_anhydride'] - h.n['acetic_anhydride']
+        self.assertGreater(xi, 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.led['reaction_heat_j'].value, -rt.library()['reactions']['acetic_anhydride_hydrolysis']['dh'] * xi, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertIn('acetic_acid', h.n)
+        self.assertGreater(subs['acetic_acid']['cp_mol'], 0.0)
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------- host protocol
+    def test36_request_binding_and_unsupported(self):
+        h = with_water()
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a1')
+        r1 = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stirrer.set', arguments=dict(rpm=300.0), request_id='q')
+        r2 = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stirrer.set', arguments=dict(rpm=300.0), request_id='q')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        r3 = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stirrer.set', arguments=dict(rpm=400.0), request_id='q')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        bad = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stirrer.set', arguments=dict(rpm=5.0), request_id='b')
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='stirrer.set', arguments=dict(rpm=5.0), request_id='b'), bad)   # rejections bind too
+        for k in UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test37_ownership_of_experiments_and_operations(self):
+        h = with_water(**QUIET)
+        for p, v in (('a1', 'agent'), ('a2', 'agent'), ('ev', 'evaluator')):
+            h.register_principal(p, v)
+        s1, s2, ev = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2'), h.session('ev')
+        e = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='experiment.start', arguments=dict(name='mine'), request_id='1')['result']['experiment_id']
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertTrue(s2.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['experiment.started_by_other_agent'])['observations']['experiment.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        self.assertFalse(s1.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['experiment.started_by_other_agent'])['observations']['experiment.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        for k, a in (('experiment.data', dict(experiment_id=e)), ('experiment.end', dict(end_mode='keep', end_temperature_k=None)), ('stirrer.toggle', {}),
+                     ('calibration.run', dict(pre_s=300.0, heat_s=300.0, post_s=300.0))):
+            self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id=k, arguments=a, request_id='2' + k)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', k)
+        self.assertEqual(ev.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='experiment.data', arguments=dict(experiment_id=e), request_id='3')['status'], 'succeeded')
+        op = s1.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='dosing.start',
+                       arguments=dict(substance_id='water', rate_kg_s=1e-4, total_mass_kg=0.01, feed_temperature_k=None), request_id='4')['operation_id']
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            s2.poll(op)
+        self.assertEqual(s1.poll(op)['status'], 'running')
+        r = s1.cancel(op, 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['result']['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.cancel(op, 'c1'), r)                               # replay
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as ex:
+            s1.cancel(op, 'c2')
+        self.assertEqual(str(ex.exception), 'NOT_RUNNING')
+
+    def test38_calibration_cancel_leaves_no_ua(self):
+        h = with_water(**QUIET)
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a1')
+        settle_tr(h, s=600.0)
+        op = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='calibration.run', arguments=dict(pre_s=300.0, heat_s=300.0, post_s=300.0), request_id='k')['operation_id']
+        h.step(400.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read('evaluator')['cal_heater.on'])
+        s.cancel(op, 'kc')
+        st = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertFalse(st['cal_heater.on'] or st['calibration.running'])
+        self.assertIsNone(st['calibration.ua_w_k'])
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(op)['status'], 'cancelled')
+
+    def test39_record_decimation_and_event_cap(self):
+        h = plant(**QUIET)
+        e = call(h, 'experiment.start', name='long')['experiment_id']
+        h.step(MAX_POINTS * CYCLE_S + 200.0)
+        d = call(h, 'experiment.data', experiment_id=e)
+        self.assertLessEqual(len(d['points']), MAX_POINTS)
+        self.assertEqual(d['interval_s'], 2 * CYCLE_S)
+        for i in range(MAX_EVENTS + 5):
+            h._event('task', 'X', str(i))
+        ev = call(h, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual((len(ev['events']), ev['dropped'] >= 5), (MAX_EVENTS, True))
+        end = call(h, 'experiment.end', end_mode='cool_to', end_temperature_k=298.15)
+        self.assertEqual(end['experiment_id'], e)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k'], 298.15)
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------- data, geometry and interface agreement
+    def test40_reaction_mass_library_is_real_data(self):
+        lib = json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())
+        good = [s for s in lib['substances'] if s['runtime_eligible'] and s['cp_liquid']['evidence'] == 'measured_literature' and s['density']['evidence'] == 'measured_literature']
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(good), 50)
+        self.assertEqual(lib['coverage']['synthetic_records'], 0)
+        rx = lib['reactions'][0]
+        self.assertEqual((rx['evidence'], rx['kinetics']), ('derived', None))
+        tv = json.loads((OUT / 'template_validation.json').read_text())
+        self.assertEqual(tv['status'], 'passed')
+
+    def test41_fill_table_agrees_with_geometry_and_documented_volumes(self):
+        v, hgt, a = rt.fill_table()
+        self.assertLess(abs(v[-1] / NOMINAL_VOLUME_M3 - 1.0), 0.05)                          # 2.5 L nominal (RC1e 9.5)
+        self.assertGreater(rt.liquid_height(OPERATING_VOLUME_M3[0]), interface.PROBE_TIP_Z - interface.REACTOR_BOTTOM_Z)   # probes immersed at 0.5 L
+        self.assertLess(interface.REACTOR_BOTTOM_Z + rt.liquid_height(OPERATING_VOLUME_M3[1]), interface.JACKET_Z[1])  # 2 L still inside the jacket
+        self.assertGreater(rt.wetted_area(2e-3), 1.5 * rt.wetted_area(1e-3))
+
+    def test42_interface_keys_readouts_and_motion(self):
+        for key, (capability, args) in interface.KEY_COMMANDS.items():
+            self.assertIn(capability, CAPS)
+            self.assertEqual(CAPS[capability]['visibility'], 'agent')
+        for r in interface.READOUTS:
+            self.assertIn(r['source']['bridge'][0], SLOTS)
+        for l in interface.LAMPS:
+            self.assertIn(l['source']['lamp']['bridge'], SLOTS)
+        for part, sid, cap_, kind, unit, hi in interface.MOTION:
+            self.assertIn(sid, SLOTS)
+            self.assertIn(cap_, CAPS)
+        self.assertEqual((interface.STIRRER_JOINT_MAX_RAD, interface.DRAIN_OPEN_RAD), (STIRRER_JOINT_MAX_RAD, DRAIN_OPEN_RAD))
+        self.assertEqual((interface.AXIS_X, interface.AXIS_Y), (json.loads(MANIFEST_PATH.read_text())['reactor']['axis_xy_m'][0],
+                                                                json.loads(MANIFEST_PATH.read_text())['reactor']['axis_xy_m'][1]))
+
+    def test43_panel_keys_toggle(self):
+        h = with_water(**QUIET)
+        call(h, 'stirrer.toggle')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['stirrer.setpoint_rpm'], 0.0)
+        call(h, 'stirrer.toggle')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['stirrer.setpoint_rpm'], 250.0)
+        call(h, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('evaluator')['power.enabled'])
+        call(h, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['thermostat.mode'], 'tj')
+        h2 = plant()
+        rejected(self, h2, 'STIRRER_SETPOINT_REQUIRED', 'stirrer.toggle')
+
+    def test44_contract_metadata_consistent(self):
+        m = export_mt_rc1mxhfcal_contract_metadata()
+        self.assertEqual(set(m['capabilities']), set(CAPS))
+        self.assertEqual(set(m['state_slots']), set(SLOTS))
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertTrue(set(e['code'] for e in c['errors']) <= set(ERROR_ZH), k)
+            for p in c['preconditions']:
+                self.assertTrue(set(p['state_ids']) <= set(SLOTS), (k, p['state_ids']))
+            self.assertTrue(set(OBSERVES.get(k, [])) <= set(SLOTS), k)
+        self.assertTrue(set(rt.ERRORS) <= set(ERROR_ZH))
+        params = m['mechanisms']['rc1_heat_flow_calorimetry']['parameters']
+        self.assertEqual(params['fit_u_w200']['evidence'], 'assumption')
+        self.assertIn('RC1e', params['fit_u_w200']['uncertainty'])
+        self.assertTrue(all(v['evidence'] in ('documented', 'measured', 'photo_estimate', 'assumption', 'unknown') for v in params.values()))
+
+    def test45_safety_configure_checks_current_values_and_rmax(self):
+        h = with_water(rpm=500.0, T=313.15, **QUIET)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'LIMIT_VIOLATED_NOW', 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tr_max_k=300.0, tsafe_k=298.15))
+        rejected(self, h, 'STIRRER_ABOVE_RMAX', 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, rmax_rpm=400.0))
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, rmax_rpm=600.0))
+        rejected(self, h, 'OUTSIDE_STIRRER_RANGE', 'stirrer.set', rpm=700.0)
+
+    def test46_pi_option_shows_integral_tail(self):
+        errs = {}
+        for ctl in ('aqueous', 'aqueous_pi'):
+            h = with_water(**QUIET)
+            settle_tr(h, controller=ctl)
+            op = call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0)['operation_id']
+            h.step(2200.0)
+            r = h.invoke('calibration.result', operation_id=op)
+            errs[ctl] = (r['phase'], r['reason'], None if r['ua_w_k'] is None else abs(r['ua_w_k'] / h.read('evaluator')['truth.ua_w_k'] - 1.0))
+        self.assertEqual(errs['aqueous'][:2], ('succeeded', None))
+        self.assertLess(errs['aqueous'][2], 0.01)
+        # the documented P-only default gives the cleaner calibration: the PI tail either fails the steady-state check or biases UA more
+        self.assertTrue(errs['aqueous_pi'][:2] == ('failed', 'CALIBRATION_NOT_STEADY') or errs['aqueous_pi'][2] > errs['aqueous'][2], errs)
+
+    def test47_charge_mixing_energy(self):
+        h = MtRc1mxhfcalRuntime()
+        call(h, 'plant.configure', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, **QUIET))
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='water', mass_kg=0.5)], temperature_k=353.15, viscosity_pa_s=0.001, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.6,
+             accept_priors=True)
+        C1 = h._C_r()
+        T1 = h.T[0]
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='water', mass_kg=0.5)], temperature_k=293.15, viscosity_pa_s=0.001, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.6,
+             accept_priors=True)
+        C2 = h._C_r()
+        half = C2 - C1
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.T[0], (C1 * T1 + half * 293.15) / C2, places=9)
+
+    # ---------------------------------------------------------------- independent review round 1 (2026-09-25): regression tests
+    def test48_b1_and_c_start_from_the_current_temperature(self):
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=298.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, rmin_rpm=30.0))
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=353.15, ramp_s=0.0, controller='aqueous')
+        call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=0.0)                                     # Tr step heating, stirrer switched off by the operator
+        run_until(h, lambda: h.read('evaluator')['emergency.program'] is not None, 400.0)
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual((s['emergency.program'], s['emergency.cause']), ('B1', 'STIRRER_OFF_3MIN'))
+        self.assertLessEqual(s['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k'], s['jacket.indicated_k'] + 0.011)   # ramp from the current Tj, not the cascade set point
+        tj0 = s['truth.jacket_k']
+        rise = 0.0
+        for _ in range(100):
+            h.step(2.0)
+            rise = max(rise, h.read('evaluator')['truth.jacket_k'] - tj0)
+        self.assertLess(rise, 0.5)
+        # C in the Tj mode from the current (indicated) Tj: a cold charge pulls Tr below Tr min while the jacket set point is elsewhere
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=353.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=353.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        h.step(1800.0)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tr_min_k=340.15, tsafe_k=345.15, tr_max_k=393.15, tj_max_k=423.15))
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=363.15, ramp_s=3600.0)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='water', mass_kg=0.4)], temperature_k=275.15, viscosity_pa_s=0.00089,
+             thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.6, accept_priors=True)
+        run_until(h, lambda: h.read('evaluator')['emergency.program'] is not None, 20.0)
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual((s['emergency.program'], s['emergency.cause']), ('C', 'TR_BELOW_MIN'))
+        self.assertLess(abs(s['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k'] - s['jacket.indicated_k']), 0.3)
+
+    def test49_stirrer_emergencies_can_be_reset(self):
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=298.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, rmin_rpm=30.0))
+        call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=0.0)
+        h.step(200.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['emergency.program'], 'B1')
+        rejected(self, h, 'EMERGENCY_ACTIVE', 'stirrer.set', rpm=200.0)   # no changes while the program is active (RC1e 5.5)
+        call(h, 'emergency.reset')                                          # delayed cause: its delay restarts
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertIsNone(s['emergency.program'])
+        self.assertEqual(h._stir_off_since, h.time_s)
+        call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=200.0)
+        h.step(400.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read('evaluator')['emergency.program'])
+        # Rsafe = 0: the program stops the stirrer, which is not a manual stop and does not block the reset
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=298.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, rmin_rpm=30.0, rsafe_rpm=0.0))
+        h.step(10.0)
+        call(h, 'emergency.trigger')
+        h.step(240.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['emergency.cause'], 'EMERGENCY_BUTTON')
+        call(h, 'emergency.reset')
+        h.step(400.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read('evaluator')['emergency.program'])
+        # an immediate cause still blocks the reset
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=298.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tr_max_k=393.15))
+        h._enter_emergency('C', 'TEST')
+        h.meas = dict(h.meas, tr=250.0)                                    # below Tr min in this cycle
+        rejected(self, h, 'CAUSE_PERSISTS', 'emergency.reset')
+
+    def test50_tdiff_released_while_tr_rises_during_cooling(self):
+        h = with_water(kg=0.8, T=313.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='acetic_anhydride', mass_kg=0.3)], temperature_k=313.15, viscosity_pa_s=0.00089,
+             thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.6, accept_priors=True)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tdiff_max_k=10.0, tj_min_k=233.15, tr_max_k=393.15))
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=313.15, ramp_s=0.0, controller='aqueous')
+        h.step(1200.0)
+        call(h, 'reaction.configure', **dict(HYDROLYSIS, reactions=[dict(HYDROLYSIS['reactions'][0], log10_a=5.0)]))
+        lifted, prev = 0, h.read('evaluator')['reactor.indicated_k']
+        for _ in range(900):
+            h.step(2.0)
+            s = h.read('evaluator')
+            tr, tj = s['reactor.indicated_k'], s['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k']
+            lifted += tr > prev and tj < tr - 10.0 - 1e-6
+            prev = tr
+        self.assertGreater(lifted, 0)                                       # RC1e 9.6: restriction not effective while Tr rises during cooling
+        # heating keeps the restriction: Tj set never above Tr + T diff max
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=298.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tdiff_max_k=10.0))
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=353.15, ramp_s=0.0, controller='aqueous')
+        for _ in range(300):
+            h.step(2.0)
+            s = h.read('evaluator')
+            self.assertLessEqual(s['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k'], s['reactor.indicated_k'] + 10.0 + 1e-9)
+
+    def test51_bubble_point_guard_on_every_path(self):
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=298.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tj_max_k=503.15, tr_max_k=473.15, tc_max_k=323.15))
+        rejected(self, h, 'ABOVE_BUBBLE_POINT', 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=423.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        e = call(h, 'experiment.start', name='x')['experiment_id']
+        rejected(self, h, 'ABOVE_BUBBLE_POINT', 'experiment.end', end_mode='cool_to', end_temperature_k=380.0)
+        self.assertTrue(e)
+        # volatile feed into a warm organic mass (ideal Raoult mixing): bubble point of the final composition below the Tr target
+        h = plant(**QUIET)
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='toluene', mass_kg=0.8)], temperature_k=313.15, viscosity_pa_s=0.00056,
+             thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.13, accept_priors=True)
+        call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=250.0)
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=333.15, ramp_s=0.0, controller='organic')
+        h.step(1800.0)
+        rejected(self, h, 'ABOVE_BUBBLE_POINT', 'dosing.start', substance_id='diethyl_ether', rate_kg_s=1e-4, total_mass_kg=0.5, feed_temperature_k=293.15)
+        rejected(self, h, 'ABOVE_BUBBLE_POINT', 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='diethyl_ether', mass_kg=0.5)], temperature_k=293.15,
+                 viscosity_pa_s=0.0005, thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.13, accept_priors=True)
+        call(h, 'dosing.start', substance_id='ethanol', rate_kg_s=1e-4, total_mass_kg=0.01, feed_temperature_k=None)   # small, bubble point stays high
+        # a runaway that reaches the bubble point is flagged (no boiling model)
+        h = with_water(kg=0.8, T=333.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='acetic_anhydride', mass_kg=0.5)], temperature_k=333.15, viscosity_pa_s=0.00089,
+             thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.6, accept_priors=True)
+        call(h, 'reaction.configure', **dict(HYDROLYSIS, reactions=[dict(HYDROLYSIS['reactions'][0], log10_a=7.0)]))
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)                                 # no cooling: adiabatic runaway
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        codes = [ev['code'] for ev in h.events]
+        self.assertIn('BOILING_NOT_MODELLED', codes)
+        self.assertTrue(h._boil_log)
+
+    def test52_evaluation_flags_incomplete_reaction(self):
+        h = with_water(kg=0.8, T=313.15, noise_seed=7)
+        call(h, 'reaction.configure', **dict(HYDROLYSIS, reactions=[dict(HYDROLYSIS['reactions'][0], log10_a=4.0)]))
+        e = call(h, 'experiment.start', name='slow')['experiment_id']
+        settle_tr(h)
+        call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0)
+        h.step(2200.0)
+        t0 = h.time_s
+        call(h, 'dosing.start', substance_id='acetic_anhydride', rate_kg_s=1.5e-4, total_mass_kg=0.10209, feed_temperature_k=None)
+        h.step(1800.0)
+        t1 = h.time_s
+        ev = call(h, 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=t0, end_s=t1, limiting_reagent_mol=1.0, heat_capacity_j_k=3700.0)
+        self.assertIn('reaction_incomplete_at_window_end', ev['quality'])
+        ev2 = call(h, 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=t0 + 600.0, end_s=t1, limiting_reagent_mol=1.0, heat_capacity_j_k=3700.0)
+        self.assertIn('reaction_running_at_window_start', ev2['quality'])
+
+    def test53_cp_uses_the_measured_ramp_slope(self):
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=313.15, noise_seed=3)
+        settle_tr(h, s=3600.0)
+        call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=900.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=900.0)
+        h.step(2800.0)
+        for dk, rate, hold in [(2.0, 2.0, 300.0), (5.0, 0.5, 600.0)]:
+            hc = copy.deepcopy(h)
+            op = call(hc, 'calibration.cp', delta_k=dk, rate_k_min=rate, hold_s=hold)['operation_id']
+            hc.step(2 * hold + dk / rate * 60 + 60)
+            r = hc.invoke('calibration.result', operation_id=op)
+            true = hc.read('evaluator')['truth.heat_capacity_j_k']
+            self.assertTrue(r['phase'] != 'succeeded' or abs(r['heat_capacity_j_k'] / true - 1) <= 0.10, (dk, rate, r, true))
+            if r['phase'] == 'succeeded':
+                self.assertGreater(r['measured_rate_k_s'], 0.0)
+
+    def test54_short_calibrations_are_not_steady_or_honest(self):
+        for subs, mu, k in [([('water', 1.0)], 0.00089, 0.6), ([('glycerol', 0.75)], 1.4, 0.285)]:
+            h = plant(sensor_noise_k=0.003)
+            call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id=s, mass_kg=m) for s, m in subs], temperature_k=313.15, viscosity_pa_s=mu,
+                 thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=k, accept_priors=True)
+            call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=250.0)
+            settle_tr(h, s=3600.0)
+            op = call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=300.0, heat_s=300.0, post_s=300.0)['operation_id']
+            h.step(960.0)
+            r = h.invoke('calibration.result', operation_id=op)
+            if r['phase'] == 'succeeded':
+                err = r['ua_w_k'] / h.read('evaluator')['truth.ua_w_k'] - 1
+                self.assertLessEqual(abs(err), 3 * r['uncertainty_w_k'] / r['ua_w_k'] + 0.01, r)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(r['reason'], 'CALIBRATION_NOT_STEADY')
+        self.assertEqual(r['reason'], 'CALIBRATION_NOT_STEADY')              # 0.6 L glycerol: 300 s stages are far from steady
+
+    def test55_tc_above_40c_triggers_program_c(self):
+        h = plant(coolant_inlet_k=298.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tj_max_k=503.15, tr_max_k=473.15, tc_max_k=323.15))
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='glycerol', mass_kg=1.0)], temperature_k=298.15, viscosity_pa_s=0.9,
+             thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.285, accept_priors=True)
+        call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=200.0)
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=473.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        h.step(2400.0)
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=298.15, ramp_s=0.0)
+        for _ in range(900):
+            h.step(2.0)
+            s = h.read('evaluator')
+            if s['cooling_oil.indicated_k'] > 313.15:
+                self.assertIsNotNone(s['emergency.program'])                # RC1e 5.6: Tc outside (Tjoil min ... +40 C) -> C
+        self.assertIn('TC_OUTSIDE_LIMITS', [ev['message_zh'].split('：')[-1] for ev in h.events if ev['kind'] == 'emergency'])
+
+    def test56_power_up_to_tsafe_with_last_stirrer_setting(self):
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=330.15, noise_seed=3)
+        call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=200.0)
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tj', end_k=340.0, ramp_s=0.0)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        s = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(s['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k'], SAFETY_EXAMPLE['tsafe_k'])     # RC1e 5.9, and no leak of truth.jacket_k
+        self.assertNotEqual(s['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k'], s['truth.jacket_k'])
+        self.assertEqual(s['stirrer.setpoint_rpm'], 200.0)
+
+    def test57_dosing_records_ownership_and_cp_cancel(self):
+        h = with_water(kg=0.8, T=313.15, noise_seed=5)
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent'); h.register_principal('b', 'agent')
+        A, B = h.session('a'), h.session('b')
+        r = A.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='dosing.start', arguments=dict(substance_id='ethanol', rate_kg_s=1.234e-4, total_mass_kg=0.05,
+                                                                                               feed_temperature_k=None), request_id='d1')
+        op = r['operation_id']
+        h.step(37.3)
+        polled = A.poll(op)['result']['dosed_kg']
+        self.assertGreater(polled, 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(polled / 1e-4, round(polled / 1e-4), places=6)   # 0.1 g balance reading
+        self.assertEqual(polled, h.read('agent')['dosing.indicated_mass_kg'])
+        denied = B.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='dosing.stop', arguments={}, request_id='s1')
+        self.assertEqual(denied['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        stop = A.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='dosing.stop', arguments={}, request_id='s2')['result']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(stop['dosed_kg'] / 1e-4, round(stop['dosed_kg'] / 1e-4), places=6)
+        self.assertTrue(all(len(ev['message_zh'].split('：')[-1].rstrip('g').split('.')[-1]) <= 1 for ev in h.events if ev['code'].startswith('DOSING_C')))
+        # cancelling a heat-capacity ramp holds the Tr set point where it is
+        settle_tr(h, s=1800.0)
+        call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0)
+        h.step(2200.0)
+        cp = A.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='calibration.cp', arguments=dict(delta_k=5.0, rate_k_min=0.5, hold_s=300.0), request_id='c1')['operation_id']
+        h.step(300.0 + 240.0)
+        A.cancel(cp, 'x1')
+        held = h.read('agent')['thermostat.tr_setpoint_k']
+        h.step(600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('agent')['thermostat.tr_setpoint_k'], held, places=9)
+        self.assertLess(held, 313.15 + 5.0 - 1.0)
+
+    def test58_small_review_items(self):
+        # stirrer angle independent of the host step partition during spin-up (exact for constant acceleration)
+        angles = []
+        for dt in (2.0, 0.5, 0.01):
+            h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=298.15, rpm=0.0, **QUIET)
+            h.step(2.0)
+            call(h, 'stirrer.set', rpm=250.0)
+            n = int(round(6.0 / dt))
+            for _ in range(n):
+                h.step(dt)
+            angles.append(h.stir_angle)
+        self.assertLess(max(abs(math.remainder(a - angles[0], 2 * math.pi)) for a in angles), 1e-6)
+        # a full drain leaves nothing on record
+        h = with_water(kg=0.8, T=313.15, **QUIET)
+        call(h, 'reactor.discharge', open=True)
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('agent')['reactor.charged_mass_kg'], 0.0)
+        # library() hands out copies; integral floats are integers (JSON Schema)
+        self.assertIsNot(rt.library(), rt.library())
+        h = MtRc1mxhfcalRuntime()
+        call(h, 'plant.configure', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=7.0))
+        self.assertEqual(h.plant['noise_seed'], 7)
+        # library densities: the PubChem refractive index of anisole and the USP bound of glycerol are not used
+        subs = rt.library()['substances']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(subs['anisole']['rho'], 995.6, places=1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(subs['glycerol']['rho'], 1261.3, places=1)
+
+    def test59_review_round2_items(self):
+        # F17: reading noise at the schema maximum never releases T diff max while Tr is falling
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=333.15, sensor_noise_k=0.02, noise_seed=4)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tdiff_max_k=1.0, tr_max_k=393.15, tj_max_k=423.15))
+        settle_tr(h, T=333.15)
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=303.15, ramp_s=10800.0, controller='aqueous')
+        prev = h.read('evaluator')['truth.reactor_k']
+        for _ in range(2700):
+            h.step(2.0)
+            s = h.read('evaluator')
+            if s['truth.reactor_k'] < prev:
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(s['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k'], s['reactor.indicated_k'] - 1.0 - 1e-6)
+            prev = s['truth.reactor_k']
+        # F18: a Tr-mode cool-down towards Tj min stays 1 K inside the limit and does not trip program C
+        h = with_water(kg=1.0, T=333.15, **QUIET)
+        settle_tr(h, T=333.15)
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tj_min_k=298.15, tr_min_k=283.15, tsafe_k=303.15, tr_max_k=393.15, tj_max_k=423.15))
+        call(h, 'thermostat.set_tr', end_k=305.15, ramp_s=0.0, controller='aqueous')
+        for _ in range(3600):
+            h.step(2.0)
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(h.read('evaluator')['thermostat.tj_setpoint_k'], 298.15 + 1.0 - 1e-9)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read('evaluator')['emergency.program'])
+        # I08: Tsafe must stay below the bubble point (power-up and B1/C drive the mass towards it)
+        h = plant(**QUIET)
+        call(h, 'reactor.charge', substances=[dict(substance_id='diethyl_ether', mass_kg=0.5)], temperature_k=293.15, viscosity_pa_s=0.0002,
+             thermal_conductivity_w_m_k=0.13, accept_priors=True)
+        rejected(self, h, 'ABOVE_BUBBLE_POINT', 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tsafe_k=312.15))
+        call(h, 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tsafe_k=298.15))
+        # I09: a baseline-only window gets no reaction edge flags
+        h = with_water(kg=0.8, T=313.15, sensor_noise_k=0.02, noise_seed=5)
+        e = call(h, 'experiment.start', name='baseline')['experiment_id']
+        settle_tr(h)
+        call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0)
+        h.step(2200.0)
+        t0 = h.time_s
+        h.step(1800.0)
+        ev = call(h, 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=t0, end_s=h.time_s, limiting_reagent_mol=None, heat_capacity_j_k=3700.0)
+        self.assertFalse({'reaction_incomplete_at_window_end', 'reaction_running_at_window_start'} & set(ev['quality']), ev['quality'])
+
+    def test60_review_round3_items(self):
+        # F19: a small, slow reaction at the schema-maximum noise is still flagged as incomplete at the window end
+        h = with_water(kg=0.8, T=313.15, sensor_noise_k=0.02, noise_seed=2)
+        call(h, 'reaction.configure', **dict(HYDROLYSIS, reactions=[dict(HYDROLYSIS['reactions'][0], log10_a=4.0)]))
+        e = call(h, 'experiment.start', name='small')['experiment_id']
+        settle_tr(h)
+        call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0)
+        h.step(2200.0)
+        t0 = h.time_s
+        call(h, 'dosing.start', substance_id='acetic_anhydride', rate_kg_s=1.5e-4, total_mass_kg=0.3 * 0.10209, feed_temperature_k=None)
+        h.step(1800.0)
+        ev = call(h, 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=t0, end_s=h.time_s, limiting_reagent_mol=0.3, heat_capacity_j_k=3700.0)
+        self.assertIn('reaction_incomplete_at_window_end', ev['quality'])
+        # I11: a Tj window narrower than the two 1 K cascade margins + 1 K is rejected
+        rejected(self, h, 'INVALID_SAFETY_SETTINGS', 'safety.configure', **dict(SAFETY_EXAMPLE, tj_min_k=300.0, tj_max_k=301.0))
+        # I10: at default noise a slow runaway releases T diff max (threshold 0.06 K/min floor)
+        self.assertLess(TDIFF_RELEASE_K_S, 2e-3)
+
+    def test61_edge_flags_on_decimated_records(self):
+        """F20: the evaluation statistics are defined in seconds, so a record thinned to 4 s spacing keeps both edge flags."""
+        saved = rt.MAX_POINTS
+        rt.MAX_POINTS = 1500                                                   # decimation after 50 min instead of 11 h
+        try:
+            h = with_water(kg=0.8, T=313.15, noise_seed=3)
+            e = call(h, 'experiment.start', name='long')['experiment_id']
+            settle_tr(h, s=3000.0)
+            call(h, 'calibration.run', pre_s=600.0, heat_s=900.0, post_s=600.0)
+            h.step(2200.0)
+            self.assertEqual(h.experiment['interval'], 4.0)
+            call(h, 'reaction.configure', **HYDROLYSIS)
+            t0 = h.time_s
+            call(h, 'dosing.start', substance_id='acetic_anhydride', rate_kg_s=1.5e-4, total_mass_kg=0.10209, feed_temperature_k=None)
+            h.step(3600.0)
+            late = call(h, 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=t0 + 300.0, end_s=h.time_s, limiting_reagent_mol=1.0, heat_capacity_j_k=3700.0)
+            self.assertIn('reaction_running_at_window_start', late['quality'])
+            short = call(h, 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=t0, end_s=t0 + 600.0, limiting_reagent_mol=1.0, heat_capacity_j_k=3700.0)
+            self.assertIn('reaction_incomplete_at_window_end', short['quality'])
+            full = call(h, 'calorimetry.evaluate', experiment_id=e, start_s=t0, end_s=h.time_s, limiting_reagent_mol=1.0, heat_capacity_j_k=3700.0)
+            self.assertFalse({'reaction_running_at_window_start', 'reaction_incomplete_at_window_end'} & set(full['quality']), full['quality'])
+        finally:
+            rt.MAX_POINTS = saved
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_nanosurf_naiostm.py b/tests/test_asset_nanosurf_naiostm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f829effb8b6bb5fb3b0175fbb2cb45a6251eb502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_nanosurf_naiostm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1468 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-159 nanosurf_naiostm (Nanosurf NaioSTM scanning tunnelling microscope): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_nanosurf_naiostm.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): settings only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances are
+isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation (truth slots, template and substance of the records, evaluator-only warnings and fault events, other
+agents' records and operations), conservation (electrical energy = 30 W x powered time, motor travel, wire used, line and curve counts), real
+return values validated against the declared schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation
+remnants, host-step independence, declared immediate and on_step effects (scenario states, short and long windows); plus the instrument (power
+and LED, magnifying cover, tip removal / cutting / wire stock, sample mounting and cleaving, holder insertion / push / rotation / removal guards,
+magnifier gap estimates, Advance / Retract / Home / Stop / Withdraw, advance into contact, dirty guides, the automatic approach: timing, found
+extension, move speed too small, overshoot and crash with too large steps, insulators / oxides / 0 V running the tip into the surface) and the
+physics: the exponential current-distance law and the apparent barrier from I-z, I-V shapes (metal, V-shaped graphite, semiconductor gaps with
+the Fermi-level position, oxide), set-point quantisation and amplifier saturation, the HOPG lattice from the FFT against the hidden scanner
+calibration, HOPG and Au(111) step heights with terrace levelling, the 1T-TaS2 CDW superlattice, constant height versus constant current,
+thermal drift distortion settling, double-tip ghost images, cleaning pulse, tip pick-up, crashes, Z-range saturation, faults, ledgers, sessions.
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import nanosurf_naiostm as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_nanosurf_naiostm_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.NanosurfNaiostmRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.NanosurfNaiostmRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+HOPG = dict(sample_id='hopg', template_id='hopg_kit', seed=3, tilt_rad=[0.004, -0.002])
+GOLD = dict(sample_id='gold', template_id='gold_film_kit', seed=5, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+AU111 = dict(sample_id='au111', template_id='au111_mica', seed=4, tilt_rad=[0.002, 0.0])
+MOS2 = dict(sample_id='mos2', template_id='mos2_crystal', seed=6, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+TAS2 = dict(sample_id='tas2', template_id='tas2_1t_crystal', seed=7, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+GLASS = dict(sample_id='glass', template_id='glass_slide', seed=8, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+ALU = dict(sample_id='alu', template_id='al_foil', seed=9, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+SAMPLES = (HOPG, GOLD, AU111, MOS2, TAS2, GLASS, ALU)
+QUIET = dict(floor_vibration='quiet', temperature_stability_k=0.0)
+ZC_HOPG = dict(setpoint_a=1e-9, tip_voltage_v=0.05, p_gain=1.0, i_gain=15.0)
+SCAN = dict(image_size_m=50e-9, time_per_line_s=0.05, points=32, rotation_rad=0.0, offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0, slope_x_rad=0.0, slope_y_rad=0.0)
+IV = dict(start_v=-0.5, range_v=1.0, mod_time_s=0.2, data_points=128, repetitions=1, positions_m=[[0.0, 0.0]], keep_z_controller=False)
+IZ = dict(start_m=-1e-9, range_m=1.2e-9, mod_time_s=0.2, data_points=128, repetitions=1, positions_m=[[0.0, 0.0]])
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, samples=SAMPLES, **plant):
+    h = rt.NanosurfNaiostmRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    for s in samples:
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **s)
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, **kw):
+    h = configured(seed, **kw)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def settle(h, limit=600.0):
+    t = 0.0
+    while (h._holder_moving() or h.tip_work) and t < limit:
+        h.step(0.5)
+        t += 0.5
+    return h
+
+
+def holder_in(h, sample='hopg', distance=1.0e-3, angle=0.0):
+    """Mount the sample, insert the holder with the sample surface `distance` from the tip, put the cover back."""
+    h.invoke('cover.lift')
+    stack = h.invoke('sample.mount', sample_id=sample)['stack_thickness_m']
+    h.invoke('holder.insert', position_m=h.samples[sample]['stack_m'] + distance + (stack - stack), angle_rad=angle)
+    h.invoke('cover.place')
+    return h
+
+
+def near(h, gap=0.12e-3):
+    g = h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m']
+    r = h.invoke('approach.advance', duration_s=(g - gap) / rt.MOTOR_SPEED_M_S)
+    h.step(r['duration_s'] + 0.05)
+    return h
+
+
+def wait_op(h, oid, tmax=4000.0, dt=1.0):
+    t = 0.0
+    while h.operations[oid]['phase'] == 'running' and t < tmax:
+        h.step(dt)
+        t += dt
+    return h.operations[oid]
+
+
+def engaged(seed=1, sample='hopg', zc=ZC_HOPG, speed=50.0, settle_s=0.0, **plant):
+    h = near(holder_in(ready(seed, **plant), sample))
+    h.invoke('z_controller.set', **zc)
+    op = wait_op(h, h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=speed, max_steps=20000)['operation_id'])
+    assert op['phase'] == 'completed', op
+    if settle_s:
+        h.step(settle_s)
+    return h
+
+
+def scan(h, **kw):
+    oid = h.invoke('scan.start', **dict(SCAN, **kw))['operation_id']
+    wait_op(h, oid, dt=5.0)
+    return h.records[h.operations[oid]['record_id']]
+
+
+def spec(h, cap, **kw):
+    base = IV if cap == 'spectroscopy.iv' else IZ
+    oid = h.invoke(cap, **dict(base, **kw))['operation_id']
+    wait_op(h, oid)
+    return h.records[h.operations[oid]['record_id']]
+
+
+def rejected(h, cap, code, **a):
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    rev = h.revision
+    with unittest.TestCase().assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+        h.invoke(cap, **a)
+    assert str(cm.exception) == code, (cap, str(cm.exception), code)
+    after = h.read('evaluator')
+    assert not {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])}, (cap, 'changed state on rejection')
+    assert h.revision == rev
+    return True
+
+
+def lattice_ring_power(img, px, a):
+    """Share of the image power in the ring of the (10) reflections of a hexagonal lattice of constant a (|k| = 2 / (sqrt3 a))."""
+    z = rt.flatten_image(img, 'plane')
+    F = np.abs(np.fft.fft2(z)) ** 2
+    k = np.fft.fftfreq(z.shape[0], px)
+    KX, KY = np.meshgrid(k, k)
+    kr = np.hypot(KX, KY)
+    k0 = 2 / (math.sqrt(3) * a)
+    ring = np.abs(kr - k0) < 0.12 * k0
+    return float(F[ring].sum() / F.sum())
+
+
+def topo(rec, d='forward'):
+    return np.asarray(rec['data']['topography'][d], float)[:rec['meta']['lines_completed']]
+
+
+def current(rec, d='forward'):
+    return np.asarray(rec['data']['current'][d], float)[:rec['meta']['lines_completed']]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- scenario states (declared-effect checks)
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return configured()
+    if name == 'booting':
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(3.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'ready':
+        return ready()
+    if name == 'cover_off':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('cover.lift')
+        return h
+    if name == 'tip_off':
+        h = _build('cover_off')
+        h.invoke('tip.remove')
+        return settle(h)
+    if name == 'tip_cutting':
+        h = _build('tip_off')
+        h.invoke('tip.prepare')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'mounted':
+        h = _build('cover_off')
+        h.invoke('sample.mount', sample_id='hopg')
+        return h
+    if name == 'holder_in':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('cover.lift')
+        h.invoke('sample.mount', sample_id='hopg')
+        h.invoke('holder.insert', position_m=h.samples['hopg']['stack_m'] + 1.0e-3, angle_rad=0.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'near':
+        return near(holder_in(ready(), 'hopg'))
+    if name == 'moving':
+        h = _build('near')
+        h.invoke('approach.retract', duration_s=2.0)
+        h.step(0.4)
+        return h
+    if name == 'approaching':
+        h = _build('near')
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+        h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=20000)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'engaged':
+        return engaged()
+    if name == 'scanning':
+        h = engaged()
+        h.invoke('scan.start', **dict(SCAN, points=64))
+        h.step(2.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'scanned':
+        h = engaged()
+        scan(h)
+        return h
+    if name == 'spec_running':
+        h = _build('scanned')
+        h.invoke('spectroscopy.iv', **dict(IV, repetitions=3))
+        h.step(0.35)
+        return h
+    if name == 'spec_done':
+        h = _build('scanned')
+        spec(h, 'spectroscopy.iv')
+        spec(h, 'spectroscopy.iz')
+        return h
+    if name == 'dirty':
+        h = _build('near')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='approach_motor_dirty', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'burst':
+        h = engaged()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vibration_burst', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'unpowered_holder':
+        h = _build('near')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'crashed':
+        h = near(holder_in(ready(), 'glass'))
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+        wait_op(h, h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=3000)['operation_id'])
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'booting', 'ready', 'cover_off', 'tip_off', 'tip_cutting', 'mounted', 'holder_in', 'near', 'moving', 'approaching', 'engaged', 'scanning',
+             'scanned', 'spec_running', 'spec_done', 'dirty', 'burst', 'unpowered_holder', 'crashed']
+LONG_SCENARIOS = ['ready', 'holder_in', 'near', 'engaged', 'scanned']
+STEP_DTS = (0.4, 3.0, 25.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=2, humidity=0.7, floor_vibration='busy', temperature_stability_k=0.2)],
+        'sample.provide': [dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='new')],
+        'cover.lift': [{}], 'cover.place': [{}], 'tip.remove': [{}], 'tip.prepare': [{}],
+        'sample.mount': [dict(sample_id='hopg'), dict(sample_id='gold')], 'sample.unmount': [{}], 'sample.cleave': [dict(sample_id='hopg'), dict(sample_id='mos2')],
+        'holder.insert': [dict(position_m=0.0035, angle_rad=0.0), dict(position_m=0.008, angle_rad=1.0)],
+        'holder.push': [dict(position_m=0.0045), dict(position_m=0.0030)], 'holder.rotate': [dict(angle_rad=0.7)], 'holder.remove': [{}],
+        'maintenance.clean_guides': [{}],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_button': [{}],
+        'z_controller.set': [dict(ZC_HOPG), dict(setpoint_a=2e-9, tip_voltage_v=0.1, p_gain=0.0, i_gain=4.0)],
+        'approach.advance': [dict(duration_s=0.2), dict(duration_s=2.0)], 'approach.retract': [dict(duration_s=0.5)], 'approach.home': [{}], 'approach.stop': [{}],
+        'approach.withdraw': [dict(steps=10, move_speed_percent=50.0)], 'approach.start': [dict(move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=20000), dict(move_speed_percent=5.0, max_steps=50)],
+        'scan.start': [dict(SCAN), dict(SCAN, image_size_m=4e-9, points=32, time_per_line_s=0.06)],
+        'spectroscopy.iv': [dict(IV)], 'spectroscopy.iz': [dict(IZ)],
+        'tip.cleaning_pulse': [{}],
+        'analysis.flatten': [dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='topography', direction='forward', method='plane')],
+        'analysis.roughness': [dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='topography', direction='forward', flatten='plane', region_px=None)],
+        'analysis.line_profile': [dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='current', direction='backward', flatten='none', start_px=[0, 10], end_px=[30, 10], points=32)],
+        'analysis.step_height': [dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='topography', direction='forward', flatten='terraces', method='regions', region_a_px=[0, 0, 8, 8],
+                                      region_b_px=[20, 20, 30, 30])],
+        'analysis.lattice': [dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='topography', direction='forward', region_px=None)],
+        'analysis.iv': [dict(record_id='SPC0001', curve_index=0, branch='forward', threshold_a=10e-12)],
+        'analysis.iz': [dict(record_id='SPC0002', curve_index=0, branch='forward', i_min_a=20e-12, i_max_a=50e-9)],
+        'records.delete': [dict(record_id='IMG0001'), dict(record_id='SPC0001')],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in rt.FAULTS] + [dict(fault=f, active=False) for f in rt.FAULTS],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 64:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    """Does the step change the value differently with the call (v1 -> a2) than without it (v0 -> b2)?  (leaf-wise, numeric increments)"""
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and cap not in rt.DECLARED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] != 'query'
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- contract and schemas
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.nanosurf_naiostm')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-159')
+        self.assertEqual((rt.XY_RANGE_M, rt.Z_RANGE_M), (500e-9, 200e-9))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.XY_RANGE_M / 2 ** 16, rt.XY_DAC_M, delta=0.05e-12)          # 16-bit digital step, not accuracy
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.Z_RANGE_M / 2 ** 16, rt.Z_DAC_M, delta=0.05e-12)
+        self.assertEqual((rt.CURRENT_RANGE_A, rt.SETPOINT_STEP_A, rt.TIP_VOLTAGE_RANGE_V), ((0.1e-9, 100e-9), 25e-12, (-10.0, 10.0)))
+        self.assertEqual((rt.MAX_POINTS, rt.LINE_RATE_MAX_HZ, rt.SAMPLE_MAX_DIAMETER_M, rt.SAMPLE_MAX_THICKNESS_M), (2048, 10.0, 0.010, 0.003))
+        self.assertEqual((rt.BODY_DIMENSIONS_M, rt.MASS_KG, rt.POWER_W), ((0.204, 0.204, 0.104), 3.45, 30.0))
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(rt.tunnel_lib()['subs']), 50)
+        self.assertEqual(len(rt.sample_templates()['templates']), 19)
+
+    def test_schemas_lint_and_examples_validate(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for part in ('input_schema', 'output_schema'):
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c[part]), [], (k, part))
+            ex = rt.CAPS[k].get('example_arguments')
+            if ex is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(ex, c['input_schema']), [], k)
+                rt.validate(rt.CAPS[k]['input_schema'], ex)
+        for k, s in m['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+        for name in ('fresh', 'ready', 'tip_off', 'holder_in', 'engaged', 'scanning', 'scanned', 'spec_done', 'crashed', 'approaching'):
+            v = _scenario(name).read('evaluator')
+            for k, x in v.items():
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(x, m['state_slots'][k]['value_schema']), [], (name, k))
+        h = _scenario('spec_done')
+        for rid in h.records:
+            out = h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id=rid, channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None, max_values=4096)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(out, m['capabilities']['measurement.result']['output_schema']), [], rid)
+
+    def test_metadata_references_are_consistent(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        slots = set(m['state_slots'])
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, (k, e))
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                for x in pre['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            for x in c['execution']['completion_state_ids']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            codes = [e['code'] for e in c['errors']]
+            self.assertEqual(len(codes), len(set(codes)), k)
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertIn(e['code'], rt.ERROR_ZH, (k, e['code']))
+        for k in rt.CAPS:
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAP_SOURCES, k)
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.PRECONDITIONS) - set(rt.CAPS), set())
+        for k, v in list(rt.EFFECTS.items()) + list(rt.ON_STEP.items()):
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAPS)
+            self.assertEqual(set(v) - slots, set(), k)
+        for mech in m['mechanisms'].values():
+            self.assertEqual(set(mech['state_ids']) - slots, set())
+        manifest = json.loads((rt.ASSET_DIR / 'geometry_manifest.json').read_text())
+        comps = {c['id'] if 'id' in c else c['name'] for c in manifest['components']}
+        used = {c for v in m['capabilities'].values() for c in v['component_ids']} | {s['component_ids'][0] for s in m['state_slots'].values()}
+        used |= set(m['mechanisms']['naiostm_stm']['component_ids'])
+        self.assertEqual(used - comps, set())
+
+    def test_declared_and_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        h = ready()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                _orig_invoke(h, k)
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'UNSUPPORTED')
+            self.assertEqual(_meta()['capabilities'][k]['availability'], 'unsupported')
+        for k in rt.DECLARED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                _orig_invoke(h, k)
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED')
+            c = _meta()['capabilities'][k]
+            self.assertEqual((c['availability'], c['implementation']['process'], c['binding']), ('declared', 'declared', None))
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='afm.scan', arguments={'x': 1}, request_id='u1')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='lithography.patterning', arguments={}, request_id='u2')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED'))
+
+    def test_libraries_carry_evidence(self):
+        levels = {'documented', 'derived', 'assumption', 'unknown', 'not_applicable'}
+        documented_wf = 0
+        for s in rt.tunnel_lib()['subs'].values():
+            for f in ('work_function', 'band_gap', 'resistivity', 'stm_corrugation_m'):
+                self.assertIn(s[f]['evidence'], levels, (s['substance_id'], f))
+                self.assertTrue(s[f]['source_ids'] or s[f]['evidence'] in ('unknown', 'not_applicable'), (s['substance_id'], f))
+            documented_wf += s['work_function']['evidence'] == 'documented'
+            self.assertTrue(s['source'], s['substance_id'])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(documented_wf, 35)
+        for t in rt.sample_templates()['templates'].values():
+            self.assertIn(t['material'], rt.tunnel_lib()['subs'])
+            for k, v in t['topography'].items():
+                if isinstance(v, dict):
+                    self.assertIn(v['evidence'], ('documented', 'derived', 'assumption'), (t['template_id'], k))
+            w, l = t['size_m']['value']
+            span = math.hypot(w, l) if t['shape'] == 'square' else max(w, l)                  # circumscribed diameter
+            self.assertLessEqual(span, rt.SAMPLE_MAX_DIAMETER_M + 1e-12, t['template_id'])       # manual: max. 10 mm diameter
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- host clock and purity
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_and_describe_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanning')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        t, rev = h.t, h.revision
+        before = h.read('evaluator')
+        for _ in range(3):
+            s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+            s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertEqual((h.t, h.revision), (t, rev))
+        self.assertFalse(_changed(before, h.read('evaluator')))
+
+    def test_step_zero_and_negative(self):
+        h = ready()
+        rev = h.revision
+        h.step(0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.revision, rev)
+        for bad in (-1.0, float('nan'), True, rt.MAX_STEP_S * 2):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.step(bad)
+
+    def test_host_step_chopping_does_not_change_the_result(self):
+        A, B = _scenario('near'), _scenario('near')
+        for h in (A, B):
+            h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+            h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=20000)
+        A.step(40.0)
+        for _ in range(160):
+            B.step(0.25)
+        for h in (A, B):
+            h.invoke('scan.start', **SCAN)
+        A.step(60.0)
+        for _ in range(24):
+            B.step(2.5)
+        va, vb = A.read('evaluator'), B.read('evaluator')
+        for k in va:
+            fa, fb = _flat(va[k]), _flat(vb[k])
+            for leaf in set(fa) | set(fb):
+                x, y = fa.get(leaf), fb.get(leaf)
+                if _num(x) and _num(y):
+                    self.assertAlmostEqual(x, y, delta=1e-9 * max(abs(x), abs(y), 1e-12) + 1e-18, msg=(k, leaf))
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(x, y, (k, leaf))
+        ra, rb = A.records['IMG0001'], B.records['IMG0001']
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(topo(ra), topo(rb), rtol=0, atol=1e-15)
+
+    def test_reads_do_not_change_later_results(self):
+        A, B = _scenario('engaged'), _scenario('engaged')
+        for h in (A, B):
+            h.invoke('scan.start', **SCAN)
+        for _ in range(30):
+            A.read('evaluator')
+            A.step(1.0)
+            B.step(1.0)
+        np.testing.assert_array_equal(topo(A.records['IMG0001']), topo(B.records['IMG0001']))
+
+    def test_settings_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = _scenario('near')
+        q0 = h.holder['q']
+        r = h.invoke('approach.retract', duration_s=2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.holder['q'], q0)                         # the motor moves only with the host clock
+        self.assertEqual(r, dict(travel_m=2.0 * rt.MOTOR_SPEED_M_S, duration_s=2.0))          # the command, not a position
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['holder.target_m'], q0 + 2.0 * rt.MOTOR_SPEED_M_S, places=12)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.holder['q'], q0 + rt.MOTOR_SPEED_M_S, places=12)
+        h = _scenario('ready')
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', setpoint_a=1.010e-9, tip_voltage_v=0.3, p_gain=2.0, i_gain=10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.zc['setpoint_a'], 1.0e-9, places=18)        # 25 pA steps
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', setpoint_a=1.015e-9, tip_voltage_v=0.3, p_gain=2.0, i_gain=10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.zc['setpoint_a'], 1.025e-9, places=18)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- instrument handling
+class InstrumentHandling(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_power_led_boot_and_power_loss(self):
+        h = configured()
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertEqual((v['power.enabled'], v['power.led_on'], v['system.state'], v['probe_status.light']), (False, False, 'off', 'off'))
+        h.invoke('power.press_button')
+        self.assertEqual((h.read()['power.led_on'], h.read()['system.state']), (True, 'booting'))
+        rejected(h, 'z_controller.set', 'NOT_READY', **ZC_HOPG)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S - 0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.state'], 'booting')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.state'], 'ready')
+        h = _scenario('scanning')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        rec = h.records['IMG0002'] if 'IMG0002' in h.records else h.records['IMG0001']
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'failed')
+        self.assertGreater(rec['meta']['lines_completed'], 0)
+        v = h.read()
+        self.assertEqual((v['approach.state'], v['zscanner.extension_m'], v['current.reading_a']), ('retracted', None, None))   # no readings without power
+
+    def test_cover_tip_exchange_and_wire_stock(self):
+        h = ready()
+        rejected(h, 'tip.remove', 'COVER_ON')
+        h.invoke('cover.lift')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['cover.lift_m'], rt.COVER_LIFT_M)
+        rejected(h, 'tip.prepare', 'TIP_INSTALLED')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['kind'], 'sharp')          # the factory tip gives atomic resolution
+        h.invoke('tip.remove')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['tip.handling'])
+        rejected(h, 'tip.prepare', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS')
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['tip.installed'])
+        kinds = []
+        for i in range(40):
+            h.invoke('tip.prepare')
+            settle(h)
+            self.assertTrue(h.read()['tip.installed'])
+            kinds.append(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['kind'])
+            h.invoke('tip.remove')
+            settle(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['tip.wire_remaining_m'], rt.WIRE_LENGTH_M - 40 * rt.TIP_CUT_LENGTH_M, places=12)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['tips_prepared'], 40.0)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(set(kinds)), 3)                               # sharp, double, blunt, unstable after cutting
+        h.wire_m = 0.003
+        rejected(h, 'tip.prepare', 'WIRE_EXHAUSTED')
+
+    def test_sample_mounting_and_cleaving(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('cover.lift')
+        rejected(h, 'sample.cleave', 'NOT_CLEAVABLE', sample_id='gold')          # manual: the gold sample cannot be cleaned
+        th = h.samples['hopg']['thickness_m']
+        topo_before = h.samples['hopg']['surface'].evaluate(np.linspace(0, 2e-6, 50), np.zeros(50))[0]
+        h.invoke('sample.cleave', sample_id='hopg')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.samples['hopg']['thickness_m'], th - rt.CLEAVE_LOSS_M, places=12)
+        topo_after = h.samples['hopg']['surface'].evaluate(np.linspace(0, 2e-6, 50), np.zeros(50))[0]
+        self.assertTrue(np.any(np.abs(topo_after - topo_before) > 1e-12))          # a fresh surface: new terraces
+        r = h.invoke('sample.mount', sample_id='hopg')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['stack_thickness_m'], round(h.samples['hopg']['stack_m'] / 0.05e-3) * 0.05e-3, places=12)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.mount', 'HOLDER_OCCUPIED', sample_id='gold')
+        rejected(h, 'sample.cleave', 'SAMPLE_NOT_ON_BENCH', sample_id='hopg')
+        h.invoke('sample.unmount')
+        rejected(h, 'sample.unmount', 'HOLDER_EMPTY')
+
+    def test_holder_guards_and_magnifier(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('cover.lift')
+        h.invoke('sample.mount', sample_id='hopg')
+        stack = h.samples['hopg']['stack_m']
+        rejected(h, 'holder.insert', 'COLLISION_RISK', position_m=stack + 0.05e-3, angle_rad=0.0)   # judged by eye as 0.1 mm or less
+        h.invoke('holder.insert', position_m=stack + 1.0e-3, angle_rad=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.push', 'COLLISION_RISK', position_m=stack + 0.05e-3)             # bias <= 1.4 and jitter <= 60 um: at most 0.13 mm seen
+        for dq in (0.12e-3, 0.16e-3, 0.2e-3, 0.24e-3, 0.3e-3):                              # the guard is the eye estimate of the new gap
+            c = copy.deepcopy(h)
+            want = c._eye_gap(c._hand_gap(stack + dq)) < rt.PUSH_MIN_GAP_M
+            if want:
+                rejected(c, 'holder.push', 'COLLISION_RISK', position_m=stack + dq)
+            else:
+                c.invoke('holder.push', position_m=stack + dq)
+        rejected(h, 'tip.remove', 'HOLDER_IN_HEAD')
+        rejected(h, 'sample.unmount', 'HOLDER_IN_HEAD')
+        m = h.invoke('magnifier.view')
+        self.assertEqual(m['magnification'], 1.0)                                  # the magnifier is in the cover
+        h.invoke('cover.place')
+        rejected(h, 'holder.push', 'COVER_ON', position_m=stack + 0.8e-3)
+        m = h.invoke('magnifier.view')
+        g = h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m']
+        self.assertEqual(m['magnification'], 10.0)
+        self.assertTrue(m['reflection_visible'])
+        self.assertEqual(m['tip_over'], 'sample')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(m['gap_estimate_m'], round(h._seen_gap(g, True) / rt.MAGNIFIER_QUANT_M) * rt.MAGNIFIER_QUANT_M, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertLess(abs(m['gap_estimate_m'] - g * h.holder['view_bias']), 0.5 * rt.MAGNIFIER_QUANT_M + 3 * rt.MAGNIFIER_SIGMA_M + 1e-12)
+        near(h, gap=10e-6)
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('magnifier.view')['appears_touching'])
+
+    def test_motor_moves_stop_home_and_withdraw(self):
+        h = _scenario('near')
+        q = h.holder['q']
+        h.invoke('approach.home')
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('approach.stop'), dict(stopped=True))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.holder['q'], q + 2.0 * rt.MOTOR_SPEED_M_S, places=12)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.holder['q'], q + 2.0 * rt.MOTOR_SPEED_M_S, places=12)
+        h.invoke('approach.home')
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.holder['q'], rt.HOLDER_TRAVEL_M[1], places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['motor_travel_m'], (h.samples['hopg']['stack_m'] + 1e-3 - q) + (rt.HOLDER_TRAVEL_M[1] - q), delta=1e-9)
+        h = engaged()
+        q = h.holder['q']
+        r = h.invoke('approach.withdraw', steps=10, move_speed_percent=50.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['approach.state'], 'retracted')
+        self.assertEqual(r, dict(travel_m=10 * 150e-9, duration_s=10 * rt.CYCLE_S))
+        rejected(h, 'approach.advance', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', duration_s=1.0)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.holder['q'] - q, 10 * 150e-9, places=15)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('approach.stop'), dict(stopped=False))
+
+    def test_advance_into_contact_crashes_and_bends_the_tip(self):
+        h = _scenario('near')
+        g = h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m']
+        h.invoke('approach.advance', duration_s=(g + 50e-6) / rt.MOTOR_SPEED_M_S)
+        settle(h)
+        v = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(v['truth.tip']['kind'], 'crashed')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['truth.tip']['recess_m'], rt.BEND_M, delta=1e-9)     # the motor stalls against the bent wire
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['tip_crashes'], 1.0)
+        self.assertIn('TIP_CRASH', [e['code'] for e in h.events])
+
+    def test_dirty_guides_slow_the_motor_until_cleaned(self):
+        h = _scenario('dirty')
+        q = h.holder['q']
+        h.invoke('approach.retract', duration_s=1.0)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.holder['q'] - q, rt.MOTOR_SPEED_M_S * rt.DIRTY_MOTOR_FACTOR, places=12)
+        h.invoke('cover.lift')
+        h.invoke('approach.retract', duration_s=10.0)
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'maintenance.clean_guides', 'HOLDER_IN_HEAD')
+        h.invoke('holder.remove')
+        h.invoke('maintenance.clean_guides')
+        self.assertNotIn('approach_motor_dirty', h.read('evaluator')['truth.faults'])
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- approach
+class Approach(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_timing_and_found_extension(self):
+        h = _scenario('near')
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+        g0 = h._gap_mech()
+        d = h._dset()[0]
+        oid = h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=20000)['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['probe_status.light'], 'blinking')
+        wait_op(h, oid, dt=0.5)
+        zr = rt.Z_RANGE_M * (1 + h.cal['z'])                                                # real Z range (hidden calibration)
+        k = math.ceil((g0 - zr - d) / 150e-9)
+        t_start = [e for e in h.events if e['code'] == 'APPROACH_STARTED'][-1]['time_s']
+        t_done = [e for e in h.events if e['code'] == 'APPROACH_DONE'][-1]['time_s']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t_done - t_start, (k + 1) * rt.CYCLE_S + rt.APPROACH_SETTLE_S, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['approach_steps'], float(k))
+        v = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual((v['approach.state'], v['probe_status.light']), ('engaged', 'green'))
+        self.assertGreater(v['zscanner.extension_m'], rt.Z_RANGE_M - 150e-9 / (1 + h.cal['z']) - 1e-10)   # found during the last extension (nominal)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['truth.gap_m'], d, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(abs(v['current.reading_a']), 1e-9, delta=0.1e-9)
+        self.assertLess(k * rt.CYCLE_S, 20.0)                                              # manual: 10-20 s from a fraction of a millimetre
+
+    def test_small_move_speed_and_max_steps_fail(self):
+        h = _scenario('near')
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+        oid = h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=5.0, max_steps=100)['operation_id']
+        q = h.holder['q']
+        self.assertEqual(wait_op(h, oid)['reason'], 'APPROACH_FAILED')
+        self.assertEqual(h.holder['q'], q)                                                 # below 10 % the stick-slip motor does not move
+        oid = h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=100)['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(wait_op(h, oid)['reason'], 'APPROACH_FAILED')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(q - h.holder['q'], 100 * 150e-9, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['kind'], 'sharp')
+
+    def test_too_large_steps_overshoot_or_crash(self):
+        outcomes = {}
+        for i in range(12):
+            h = _scenario('near')
+            h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+            h.holder['q'] += i * 37e-9                                                     # different remaining gaps
+            oid = h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=95.0, max_steps=20000)['operation_id']
+            x = h.op['extra']['outcome']
+            wait_op(h, oid)
+            outcomes.setdefault(x, 0)
+            outcomes[x] += 1
+            if x == 'crash_step':
+                self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['kind'], 'crashed')
+                self.assertEqual(h.read()['probe_status.light'], 'red')
+            if x == 'overshoot':
+                self.assertEqual(h.read()['probe_status.light'], 'red')
+        self.assertIn('found', outcomes)
+        self.assertTrue(outcomes.get('overshoot', 0) + outcomes.get('crash_step', 0) > 0, outcomes)
+
+    def test_no_current_runs_the_tip_into_the_surface(self):
+        for sample, zc in (('glass', ZC_HOPG), ('alu', ZC_HOPG), ('hopg', dict(ZC_HOPG, tip_voltage_v=0.0))):
+            h = near(holder_in(ready(), sample))
+            h.invoke('z_controller.set', **zc)
+            op = wait_op(h, h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=3000)['operation_id'])
+            self.assertEqual(op['reason'], 'APPROACH_FAILED', sample)
+            v = h.read('evaluator')
+            self.assertEqual(v['truth.tip']['kind'], 'crashed', sample)
+            self.assertEqual(v['truth.gap_m'], rt.D_CONTACT_M, sample)
+            self.assertGreater(v['truth.tip']['recess_m'], 0.0)
+            self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['tip_crashes'], 1.0)
+
+    def test_cancel_stops_the_holder(self):
+        h = _scenario('approaching')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        s = h.session('ev')
+        oid = h.op['op']
+        q = h.holder['q']
+        r = s.cancel(oid, 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['result']['phase']), ('succeeded', 'cancelled'))
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.holder['q'], q)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['approach.state'], 'retracted')
+        r = s.cancel(oid, 'c2')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('rejected', 'NOT_RUNNING'))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- tunnelling physics
+class TunnellingPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_exponential_law_and_apparent_barrier(self):
+        m = rt.material('au')
+        phi = rt.barrier_ev(m, 0.4)
+        d = np.linspace(0.6e-9, 1.2e-9, 7)
+        i = np.abs(rt.tunnel_current(0.1, d, m, phi, 0.0254))
+        slope = -np.polyfit(d, np.log(i), 1)[0]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(slope / (2 * rt.KAPPA_1EV * math.sqrt(phi)), 1.0, delta=0.03)   # ln I falls by 2 kappa per metre
+        h = engaged(**QUIET)
+        rec = spec(h, 'spectroscopy.iz')
+        a = h.invoke('analysis.iz', record_id=rec['record_id'], curve_index=0, branch='forward', i_min_a=20e-12, i_max_a=50e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a['apparent_barrier_ev'], rt.barrier_ev(rt.material('hopg'), 0.4) * (1 + h.cal['z']) ** 2, delta=0.1)   # nominal z axis
+        self.assertGreater(a['r2'], 0.99)
+        self.assertLess(a['apparent_barrier_ev'] / (1 + h.cal['z']) ** 2, rt.vacuum_barrier_ev(rt.material('hopg')) / 2)   # air lowers the apparent barrier
+
+    def test_iv_shapes_metal_semimetal_semiconductor_oxide(self):
+        kT = 0.0254
+        V = np.linspace(-0.5, 0.5, 201)
+        def curve(sid, v_set=0.1, Vs=V):
+            m = rt.material(sid)
+            d = rt.setpoint_gap(m, v_set, 1e-9, 0.4, 295.15)
+            return np.array([float(rt.tunnel_current(v, np.array([d[0]]), m, rt.barrier_ev(m, 0.4), kT)[0]) for v in Vs]), d
+        au, _ = curve('au')
+        a = rt.iv_analysis(V, au, 1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a['normalized_conductance'][100], 1.0, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertLess(a['normalized_conductance'][-10], 1.25)                              # nearly ohmic at low bias
+        hopg, _ = curve('hopg', 0.05)
+        a = rt.iv_analysis(V, hopg, 1e-12)
+        self.assertGreater(a['normalized_conductance'][-10], 1.35)                           # V-shaped density of states of graphite
+        Vw = np.linspace(-2.5, 2.5, 501)
+        mos2, _ = curve('mos2', -1.5, Vw)
+        g = rt.iv_analysis(Vw, mos2, 10e-12)['gap']
+        self.assertIsNotNone(g)
+        self.assertGreater(g['width_v'], 1.1)
+        self.assertLess(g['width_v'], 2.0)
+        self.assertLess(g['v_low'], 0.0)                                                     # n-type: the empty conduction band is closer to EF
+        self.assertGreater(g['v_high'], abs(g['v_low']))
+        self.assertIsNone(rt.setpoint_gap(rt.material('al'), 0.1, 1e-9, 0.4, 295.15))       # passive oxide: no tunnelling
+        self.assertIsNone(rt.setpoint_gap(rt.material('glass'), 1.0, 1e-9, 0.4, 295.15))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(rt.setpoint_gap(rt.material('cu'), 0.1, 1e-9, 0.4, 295.15))     # tarnish: tunnelling at a small gap
+        self.assertLess(rt.setpoint_gap(rt.material('cu'), 0.1, 1e-9, 0.4, 295.15)[0], rt.setpoint_gap(rt.material('au'), 0.1, 1e-9, 0.4, 295.15)[0])
+
+    def test_amplifier_saturation_and_iv_with_the_feedback_on_through_zero(self):
+        h = engaged(**QUIET)
+        rec = spec(h, 'spectroscopy.iz', start_m=0.0, range_m=0.9e-9)
+        self.assertIn('current_saturated', rec['warnings'])
+        c = rec['data']['curves'][0]
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(abs(x) for x in c['current_forward_a']), rt.I_SAT_A)
+        h = engaged(**QUIET)
+        rec = spec(h, 'spectroscopy.iv', start_v=-0.3, range_v=0.6, keep_z_controller=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['kind'], 'crashed')                # at 0 V the feedback drives the tip into the surface
+        self.assertIn('z_forward_m', rec['data']['curves'][0])
+        self.assertLessEqual(h.ledger()['tip_crashes'], 1.0)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- imaging physics
+class ImagingPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_hopg_lattice_from_the_fft_against_the_hidden_calibration(self):
+        h = engaged(settle_s=3 * 3600.0, **QUIET)
+        rec = scan(h, image_size_m=4e-9, time_per_line_s=0.06, points=128)
+        self.assertEqual(rec['warnings'], [])
+        L = h.invoke('analysis.lattice', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='topography', direction='forward', region_px=None)
+        a_true = rt.material('hopg')['a_s']
+        cal = 1 + 0.5 * (h.cal['x'] + h.cal['y'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(L['hexagonal_lattice_m'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['hexagonal_lattice_m'] * cal / a_true, 1.0, delta=0.035)     # the image scale is the commanded one
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['hexagonal_lattice_m'], 0.25e-9, delta=0.015e-9)           # manual: 0.25 nm between the bright hills
+        c = current(rec)
+        self.assertGreater(np.std(c) / np.mean(np.abs(c)), 0.05)                           # atomic contrast in the current
+
+    def test_step_heights_with_terrace_levelling(self):
+        for sample, sid in (('hopg', 'hopg'), ('au111', 'au')):
+            h = engaged(sample=sample, zc=dict(ZC_HOPG, tip_voltage_v=0.5), settle_s=3600.0, **QUIET)
+            rec = scan(h, image_size_m=300e-9, time_per_line_s=0.1, points=256)
+            st = h.invoke('analysis.step_height', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='topography', direction='forward', flatten='terraces', method='histogram',
+                          region_a_px=None, region_b_px=None)
+            step = rt.material(sid)['step'] / (1 + h.cal['z'])                              # nominal Z output = real / (1 + cal_z)
+            n = round(st['step_m'] / step)
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(n, 1, sample)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(st['step_m'] / (n * step), 1.0, delta=0.06, msg=sample)
+
+    def test_tas2_charge_density_wave(self):
+        h = engaged(sample='tas2', zc=dict(ZC_HOPG, tip_voltage_v=0.1), settle_s=3600.0, **QUIET)
+        rec = scan(h, image_size_m=10e-9, time_per_line_s=0.06, points=192)
+        L = h.invoke('analysis.lattice', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='topography', direction='forward', region_px=None)
+        cdw = rt.material('tas2_1t')['cdw']['period']
+        cal = 1 + 0.5 * (h.cal['x'] + h.cal['y'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['hexagonal_lattice_m'] * cal / cdw, 1.0, delta=0.05)       # sqrt13 a superlattice dominates
+
+    def test_constant_height_versus_constant_current(self):
+        out = {}
+        for mode, gains in (('cc', dict(p_gain=1.0, i_gain=40.0)), ('ch', dict(rt.CONSTANT_HEIGHT_GAINS))):
+            h = engaged(settle_s=3600.0, **QUIET)
+            h.invoke('z_controller.set', **dict(ZC_HOPG, **gains))
+            rec = scan(h, image_size_m=4e-9, time_per_line_s=0.06, points=128)
+            out[mode] = (np.std(rt.flatten_image(topo(rec), 'line_1')), np.std(current(rec)) / np.mean(np.abs(current(rec))))
+        self.assertGreater(out['cc'][0], 2 * out['ch'][0])                                  # topography follows the atoms at high gain
+        self.assertGreater(out['ch'][1], 2 * out['cc'][1])                                  # current image at low gain (manual: I 4, P 0)
+
+    def test_thermal_drift_distorts_early_images_and_settles(self):
+        shift, lat = {}, {}
+        for wait in (0.0, 3 * 3600.0):
+            h = engaged(settle_s=wait, floor_vibration='quiet', temperature_stability_k=0.0)
+            t0 = h.t
+            rec = scan(h, image_size_m=4e-9, time_per_line_s=0.06, points=128)
+            shift[wait] = float(np.linalg.norm(np.array(h._drift(h.t)[:2]) - np.array(h._drift(t0)[:2])))     # lateral drift during the image
+            lat[wait] = h.invoke('analysis.lattice', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='topography', direction='forward', region_px=None)['hexagonal_lattice_m']
+        self.assertGreater(shift[0.0], 0.3e-9)                                                  # comparable to the lattice: a distorted image
+        self.assertLess(shift[3 * 3600.0], 0.02e-9)                                             # manual: stabilises within about an hour
+        a = rt.material('hopg')['a_s']
+        self.assertIsNotNone(lat[3 * 3600.0])
+        self.assertTrue(lat[0.0] is None or abs(lat[0.0] / a - 1) > abs(lat[3 * 3600.0] / a - 1))
+
+    def test_double_tip_ghost_and_cleaning_pulse(self):
+        base = engaged(settle_s=3600.0, **QUIET)
+        imgs = {}
+        for double in (False, True):
+            h = copy.deepcopy(base)
+            if double:
+                h.tip['second'] = dict(dx=0.61e-9, dy=0.37e-9, recess=0.0)                         # not a lattice vector: ghost atoms between the atoms
+            rec = scan(h, image_size_m=4e-9, time_per_line_s=0.06, points=128)
+            imgs[double] = rt.flatten_image(topo(rec), 'plane')
+        self.assertIn('double_tip', rec['warnings'])
+        self.assertGreater(np.std(imgs[True] - imgs[False]), 0.3 * np.std(imgs[False]))
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rec['record_id'], channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None,
+                     max_values=64), request_id='m1')
+        self.assertNotIn('double_tip', r['result']['record']['warnings'])                  # evaluator knowledge
+        kinds = set()
+        for _ in range(12):
+            h.invoke('tip.cleaning_pulse')
+            kinds.add(h.tip['kind'])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(kinds), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['cleaning_pulses'], 12.0)
+
+    def test_crash_at_a_tall_grain_with_a_fast_low_gain_scan_and_z_saturation(self):
+        h = engaged(sample='gold', zc=dict(ZC_HOPG, tip_voltage_v=0.5, i_gain=1.0, p_gain=0.0), settle_s=600.0, **QUIET)
+        rec = scan(h, image_size_m=400e-9, time_per_line_s=0.05, points=128)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['kind'], 'crashed')
+        self.assertIn('tip_crash', rec['warnings'])
+        h = engaged(settle_s=600.0, **QUIET)
+        h.samples['hopg']['surface'].tilt = [0.9, 0.0]                                      # a strongly tilted mounting
+        rec = scan(h, image_size_m=400e-9, time_per_line_s=0.1, points=64)
+        self.assertIn('z_range_exceeded', rec['warnings'])
+
+    def test_topography_uses_the_16_bit_z_steps_and_line_rate_limit(self):
+        h = engaged(**QUIET)
+        rec = scan(h)
+        t = topo(rec)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(t / rt.Z_DAC_M, np.round(t / rt.Z_DAC_M), atol=1e-3)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('scan.start', **dict(SCAN, time_per_line_s=0.04))                      # 10 Hz line rate: at least 0.05 s per line
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'SCAN_OUT_OF_RANGE', **dict(SCAN, image_size_m=400e-9, offset_x_m=100e-9))
+
+    def test_tip_pickup_reduces_the_atomic_contrast(self):
+        rq = {}
+        for pick in (False, True):
+            h = engaged(settle_s=3600.0, **QUIET)
+            if pick:
+                h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='tip_pickup', active=True)
+            rec = scan(h, image_size_m=4e-9, time_per_line_s=0.06, points=64)
+            rq[pick] = lattice_ring_power(topo(rec), 4e-9 / 64, rt.material('hopg')['a_s'])
+        self.assertGreater(rq[False], 3 * rq[True])
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- faults, records, analysis, ledgers, sessions
+class FaultsRecordsLedgersSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_vibration_burst_and_thermal_disturbance(self):
+        noise = {}
+        for burst in (False, True):
+            h = engaged(settle_s=3600.0, **QUIET)
+            if burst:
+                h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vibration_burst', active=True)
+            rec = scan(h, image_size_m=30e-9, time_per_line_s=0.05, points=64)          # pixels >> lattice: the atomic corrugation averages out
+            noise[burst] = np.std(rt.flatten_image(topo(rec), 'terraces'))              # the gap vibration is followed by the feedback (correlated noise)
+        self.assertGreater(noise[True], 3 * noise[False])
+        h = engaged(settle_s=3600.0, **QUIET)
+        d0 = h._drift()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='thermal_disturbance', active=True)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(np.linalg.norm(np.array(h._drift()) - np.array(d0)), 30e-9)
+
+    def test_cancel_keeps_lines_and_the_engagement(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanning')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        s = h.session('ev')
+        oid = h.op['op']
+        rid = h.op['record_id']
+        h.step(0.3)
+        r = s.cancel(oid, 'x1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        rec = h.records[rid]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertGreater(rec['meta']['lines_completed'], 16)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['approach.state'], 'engaged')
+        r2 = s.cancel(oid, 'x1')
+        self.assertEqual(r2, r)
+        r3 = s.cancel(oid, 'x2')
+        self.assertEqual((r3['status'], r3['error']['code']), ('rejected', 'NOT_RUNNING'))
+
+    def test_records_analysis_and_result_extraction(self):
+        h = _scenario('spec_done')
+        out = h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id='IMG0001', channel='current', direction='backward', region_px=[0, 0, 16, 16], max_values=64)
+        self.assertEqual((out['data']['shape'], out['data']['unit'], out['data']['factor']), ([8, 8], 'A', 2))
+        f = h.invoke('analysis.flatten', record_id='IMG0001', channel='topography', direction='forward', method='terraces')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['result.last_record_id'], f['record_id'])
+        p = h.invoke('analysis.line_profile', record_id='IMG0001', channel='topography', direction='forward', flatten='plane', start_px=[0, 5], end_px=[31, 5], points=32)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p['distance_m'][-1], 31 * SCAN['image_size_m'] / 32, places=15)
+        spc = h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id='SPC0001', channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None, max_values=64)
+        self.assertEqual(spc['data']['units']['x'], 'V')
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.iz', 'RECORD_NOT_SUITABLE', record_id='SPC0001', curve_index=0, branch='forward', i_min_a=20e-12, i_max_a=50e-9)
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.iv', 'UNKNOWN_CURVE', record_id='SPC0001', curve_index=5, branch='forward', threshold_a=1e-11)
+        h.invoke('records.delete', record_id='IMG0001')
+        rejected(h, 'measurement.result', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', record_id='IMG0001', channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None, max_values=64)
+
+    def test_remaining_capabilities_through_the_api(self):
+        h = _scenario('spec_done')
+        st = h.invoke('analysis.roughness', record_id='IMG0001', channel='topography', direction='forward', flatten='plane', region_px=[0, 0, 16, 16])
+        self.assertEqual(st['pixels'], 256)
+        a = h.invoke('analysis.iv', record_id='SPC0001', curve_index=0, branch='backward', threshold_a=5e-12)
+        self.assertEqual(len(a['voltage_v']), IV['data_points'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('ledger.read'), h.ledger())
+        pv = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual(pv['libraries'], rt.library_sha256())
+        self.assertEqual((pv['substances'], pv['sample_templates']), (len(rt.tunnel_lib()['subs']), len(rt.sample_templates()['templates'])))
+        t = h.t
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=2.5)['time_s'], t + 2.5, places=9)
+        h = _scenario('holder_in')
+        stack = h.samples['hopg']['stack_m']
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('holder.push', position_m=stack + 0.6e-3)['position_m'], stack + 0.6e-3)
+        p = h._tip_point()
+        hp = float(h.samples['hopg']['surface'].evaluate(np.array([p[0]]), np.array([p[1]]))[0][0])     # mounting tilt and terraces at the tip spot
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m'], 0.6e-3 - hp + h.tip['recess'] - h._drift()[2], delta=1e-12)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.push', 'COLLISION_RISK', position_m=stack + 0.05e-3)             # seen by eye as 0.1 mm or less
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('holder.rotate', angle_rad=1.2)['angle_rad'], 1.2)
+        p1 = h._tip_point()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(math.hypot(*p1), math.hypot(*h.tip['offset']), delta=1e-6)       # the spot moves on a circle about the axis
+        g = h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m']
+        g_t = (0.21e-3 - h._look_noise(False)) / h.holder['view_bias']                    # seen by eye as 0.21 mm: pushed, too close to turn
+        h.invoke('holder.push', position_m=h.holder['q'] + g_t - g)
+        rejected(h, 'holder.rotate', 'COLLISION_RISK', angle_rad=0.3)                        # turning needs 0.3 mm
+
+    def test_energy_and_count_ledgers_close(self):
+        h = _scenario('spec_done')
+        t_on = h.t - [e for e in h.events if e['code'] == 'POWER_ON'][0]['time_s']
+        L = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['electrical_energy_j'], rt.POWER_W * t_on, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(L['scan_lines'], 2 * SCAN['points'])
+        self.assertEqual(L['spectroscopy_curves'], 2.0)
+        self.assertEqual((L['approaches'], L['holder_insertions']), (1.0, 1.0))
+
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = _scenario('engaged'), _scenario('engaged')
+        a.invoke('scan.start', **SCAN)
+        a.step(20.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('IMG0001', b.records)
+        self.assertNotEqual(a.t, b.t)
+
+    def test_agent_does_not_see_truth_or_foreign_objects(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('agent2', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        s, s2, ev = h.session('agent'), h.session('agent2'), h.session('ev')
+        v = s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in v if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['truth.tip'])
+        self.assertIn('truth.tip', ev.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations'])
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None,
+                     max_values=64), request_id='r1')
+        self.assertEqual((r['result']['record']['template_source']['template_id'], r['result']['record']['template_source']['substance']), (None, None))
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='scan.start', arguments=dict(SCAN), request_id='r2')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        rid = h.op['record_id']
+        r = s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='tip.cleaning_pulse', arguments={}, request_id='r3')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        r = s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid, channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None,
+                      max_values=64), request_id='r4')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertNotIn(rid, s2.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='r5')['result']['records'])
+        ev_events = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='r6')['result']['events']
+        self.assertFalse([e for e in ev_events if e['kind'] == 'fault'])
+
+    def test_idempotent_requests_conflicts_and_large_replays(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        a = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='z_controller.set', arguments=dict(ZC_HOPG), request_id='q1')
+        b = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='z_controller.set', arguments=dict(ZC_HOPG), request_id='q1')
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        c = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='z_controller.set', arguments=dict(ZC_HOPG, i_gain=3.0), request_id='q1')
+        self.assertEqual(c['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        scan(h, points=128)
+        big = dict(record_id='IMG0002', channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None, max_values=65536)
+        s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=big, request_id='L0')
+        for i in range(rt.LARGE_RESPONSE_KEEP + 2):
+            s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(big, max_values=65536 - i - 1), request_id=f'L{i + 1}')
+        self.assertIsNone(h._requests[('agent', 'L0')][1])
+        again = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=big, request_id='L0')
+        self.assertEqual(again['status'], 'succeeded')
+        other = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='L0')
+        self.assertEqual(other['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_defects_become_device_errors(self):
+        h = _scenario('engaged')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        orig = rt.NanosurfNaiostmRuntime._cmd_tip_cleaning_pulse
+        try:
+            rt.NanosurfNaiostmRuntime._cmd_tip_cleaning_pulse = lambda self: 1 / 0
+            r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='tip.cleaning_pulse', arguments={}, request_id='d1')
+        finally:
+            rt.NanosurfNaiostmRuntime._cmd_tip_cleaning_pulse = orig
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code'], r['error']['side_effects']), ('rejected', 'DEVICE_ERROR', 'unknown'))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects
+class DeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        self.assertFalse([s for v in rt.ON_STEP.values() for s in v if rt.SLOTS[s]['origin'] == 'setpoint'])
+
+    def test_every_executable_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+    def test_long_window_effects_of_operations_are_declared(self):
+        missing = {}
+        for sname in LONG_SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(sname)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap == 'sim.step':
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        res = _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    oid = res.get('operation_id') if isinstance(res, dict) and cap in rt.ASYNC else None
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    B = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    t, t_end = 0.0, (1800.0 if oid else 120.0)
+                    while t < t_end - 1e-9:
+                        d = 0.25 if t < 5.0 - 1e-9 else 2.0
+                        A.step(d)
+                        B.step(d)
+                        t += d
+                        a2, b2 = A.read('evaluator'), B.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                        if oid and A.operations[oid]['phase'] != 'running' and t_end == 1800.0:
+                            t_end = t + 5.0
+        self.assertEqual(missing, {})
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- hidden truth, motor model and feedback edge cases (independent review, round 1)
+class HiddenTruthAndMotorModel(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_advance_reports_the_command_not_the_gap_or_the_crash(self):
+        h = _scenario('near')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='approach.advance', arguments=dict(duration_s=2.0), request_id='a1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['result'], dict(travel_m=2.0 * rt.MOTOR_SPEED_M_S, duration_s=2.0))
+        obs = s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        self.assertNotIn('holder.position_m', obs)
+        self.assertNotIn('holder.target_m', obs)
+        h.step(1.0)                                                                           # contact after 0.48 s, stalled 20 um later
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['kind'], 'crashed')
+        self.assertTrue(s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['holder.moving']['value'])      # the motor is still driven
+        h.step(1.1)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['holder.moving'])
+        ev = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='a2')['result']['events']
+        self.assertFalse({'MOTOR_STALLED', 'TIP_CRASH'} & {e['code'] for e in ev})
+        self.assertIn(('fault', 'MOTOR_STALLED'), [(e['kind'], e['code']) for e in h.events])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['recess_m'], rt.BEND_M, delta=1e-9)
+
+    def test_approach_does_not_publish_its_outcome(self):
+        bound = (20000 + 1) * rt.CYCLE_S + rt.APPROACH_SETTLE_S
+        for sample in ('hopg', 'glass'):
+            h = near(holder_in(ready(), sample))
+            h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+            h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=20000)
+            v = h.read()
+            self.assertNotIn('holder.target_m', v)
+            self.assertEqual((v['operation.progress'], v['operation.remaining_s']), (0.0, bound))     # the same bound for a found and a failing approach
+            h.step(1.0)
+            v = h.read()
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(v['operation.progress'], 50 / 20000, places=12)                    # cycles done / max steps
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(v['operation.remaining_s'], bound - 1.0, places=9)
+            self.assertTrue(v['holder.moving'])
+
+    def test_rejected_insertion_leaves_the_holder_unchanged(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('cover.lift')
+        h.invoke('sample.mount', sample_id='hopg')
+        rejected(h, 'holder.insert', 'COLLISION_RISK', position_m=h.samples['hopg']['stack_m'] + 0.05e-3, angle_rad=1.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.holder['angle'], h.holder['location'], h.holder['q'], h.holder['view_bias']), (0.0, 'container', None, 1.0))
+
+    def test_no_current_while_engaged_drives_the_tip_into_the_surface(self):
+        h = engaged(**QUIET)
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', **dict(ZC_HOPG, tip_voltage_v=0.0))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['kind'], 'crashed')                 # the feedback extends at once
+        h.step(0.1)
+        v = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual((v['truth.tip']['kind'], v['probe_status.light']), ('crashed', 'orange'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['truth.gap_m'], rt.D_CONTACT_M, delta=1e-18)                  # pressed back to point contact
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['tip_crashes'], 1.0)
+        self.assertIn('TIP_CRASH', [e['code'] for e in h.events])
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+        h.step(0.1)
+        v = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['truth.gap_m'], v['truth.setpoint_gap_m'], delta=1e-12)          # the feedback holds the set point again
+        self.assertEqual((h.ledger()['tip_crashes'], v['probe_status.light']), (1.0, 'green'))
+
+    def test_high_tip_voltage_holds_the_tip_farther_away(self):
+        m = rt.material('ito')
+        d = rt.setpoint_gap(m, 10.0, 0.1e-9, 0.4, 295.15)
+        self.assertIsNotNone(d)
+        self.assertGreater(d[0], 5e-9)
+        i = abs(float(rt.tunnel_current(10.0, np.array([d[0]]), m, rt.barrier_ev(m, 0.4), rt.KB * 295.15 / rt.E_CH)[0]))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(i / 0.1e-9, 1.0, delta=1e-6)
+        ito = dict(sample_id='ito', template_id='ito_glass', seed=2, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+        h = near(holder_in(ready(samples=SAMPLES + (ito,)), 'ito'))
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', setpoint_a=0.1e-9, tip_voltage_v=10.0, p_gain=1.0, i_gain=15.0)
+        op = wait_op(h, h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=20000)['operation_id'])
+        self.assertEqual(op['phase'], 'completed')
+        self.assertNotEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['kind'], 'crashed')
+
+    def test_hand_guard_is_the_eye_estimate_not_the_exact_gap(self):
+        h = _scenario('holder_in')
+        b = h.holder['view_bias']
+        q_now, g_now = h.holder['q'], h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m']
+        lo, hi = q_now - g_now, q_now                                                        # rejected at contact, accepted here
+        for _ in range(60):
+            mid = 0.5 * (lo + hi)
+            try:
+                copy.deepcopy(h).invoke('holder.push', position_m=mid)
+                hi = mid
+            except rt.ActionRejected:
+                lo = mid
+        g_edge = g_now + (hi - q_now)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g_edge * b + h._look_noise(False), rt.EYE_TOUCH_M, delta=1e-9)   # seen (g x bias + jitter) closer than 0.2 mm appears to touch
+        self.assertGreater(abs(g_edge - rt.PUSH_MIN_GAP_M), 1e-6)                             # not an oracle of the true 0.2 mm
+
+    def test_z_output_and_topography_share_the_nominal_scale(self):
+        h = engaged(settle_s=600.0, **QUIET)
+        v = h.read('evaluator')
+        ext, cal = h._z_state()['ext'], h.cal['z']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['zscanner.extension_m'], ext / (1 + cal), delta=3 * rt.Z_DAC_M + 5 * rt.VIBRATION_M['quiet'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v['zscanner.extension_m'] / rt.Z_DAC_M, round(v['zscanner.extension_m'] / rt.Z_DAC_M), places=6)    # 16-bit grid
+        self.assertGreater(abs(v['zscanner.extension_m'] - ext), 10 * rt.Z_DAC_M)                # not the real extension
+        rec = scan(h, image_size_m=20e-9, time_per_line_s=0.05, points=32)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.Z_RANGE_M / 2 - float(np.mean(topo(rec))), v['zscanner.extension_m'], delta=0.3e-9)   # both nominal
+
+    def test_extension_is_held_while_the_approach_settles(self):
+        h = _scenario('near')
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+        h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=20000)
+        x = h.op['extra']
+        h.step(x['drive_end'] - h.t + 1e-6)                                                   # the engaging cycle is over, 0.5 s of settling left
+        self.assertIsNotNone(h.op)
+        exts = []
+        for _ in range(20):
+            v = h.read('evaluator')
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(v['truth.gap_m'], x['d_found'], delta=1e-12)
+            exts.append(v['zscanner.extension_m'])
+            h.step(0.02)
+        self.assertLess(max(exts) - min(exts), 0.05e-9)                                       # held, not sweeping
+        self.assertGreater(min(exts), 0.5 * rt.Z_RANGE_M)
+
+    def test_empty_holder_approach_stays_within_the_travel(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('cover.lift')
+        h.invoke('holder.insert', position_m=1.0e-3, angle_rad=0.0)
+        h.invoke('cover.place')
+        near(h)
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+        wait_op(h, h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=20000)['operation_id'])
+        q = h.read('evaluator')['holder.position_m']
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(q, rt.HOLDER_TRAVEL_M[0])
+        self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(q, _meta()['state_slots']['holder.position_m']['value_schema']), [])
+
+    def test_dirty_guides_slow_a_move_already_running(self):
+        h = _scenario('near')
+        h.invoke('approach.retract', duration_s=4.0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        q1 = h.holder['q']
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='approach_motor_dirty', active=True)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.holder['q'] - q1, 2.0 * rt.MOTOR_SPEED_M_S * rt.DIRTY_MOTOR_FACTOR, places=12)
+        h = _scenario('approaching')                                                          # during the automatic approach: smaller steps
+        step0 = h.op['extra']['step_m']
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='approach_motor_dirty', active=True)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.op['extra']['step_m'], step0 * rt.DIRTY_MOTOR_FACTOR, places=15)
+        op = wait_op(h, h.op['op'])
+        self.assertEqual((op['phase'], h.read()['approach.state']), ('completed', 'engaged'))
+
+    def test_sub_dac_pixels_are_flagged_and_a_slow_withdraw_books_no_steps(self):
+        h = engaged(**QUIET)
+        rec = scan(h, image_size_m=1e-9, time_per_line_s=0.05, points=256)
+        self.assertIn('pixel_below_xy_dac_step', rec['warnings'])
+        n0, trav0, q = h.ledger()['approach_steps'], h.ledger()['motor_travel_m'], h.holder['q']
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('approach.withdraw', steps=100, move_speed_percent=5.0), dict(travel_m=0.0, duration_s=100 * rt.CYCLE_S))
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertEqual((h.holder['q'], h.ledger()['approach_steps'], h.ledger()['motor_travel_m']), (q, n0, trav0))
+
+    def test_approach_output_is_the_commanded_ramp_even_after_a_run_in(self):
+        h = near(holder_in(ready(), 'glass'))
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+        h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=20000)
+        x = h.op['extra']
+        t_touch = x['t_plan'] + math.ceil((x['q_start'] - h.holder['stop']['q_crash']) / x['step_m'] - 1e-9) * rt.CYCLE_S
+        for cycles_after in (-2, 0, 3, 50):
+            t = t_touch + (cycles_after + 0.95) * rt.CYCLE_S
+            h.step(t - h.t)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['zscanner.extension_m'], 0.95 * rt.Z_RANGE_M, delta=2 * rt.Z_DAC_M)   # the ramp, before and after the contact
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip']['kind'], 'crashed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m'], rt.D_CONTACT_M)
+
+    def test_looks_jitter_in_time_and_touching_uses_the_estimate(self):
+        h = _scenario('near')                                                                # cover on: the 10x magnifier
+        a, b = h.invoke('magnifier.view'), h.invoke('magnifier.view')
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)                                                               # the same look at the same time
+        g = h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m']
+        seen = [g * h.holder['view_bias'] + h._look_noise(True, h.t + 0.1 * i) for i in range(20)]
+        self.assertGreater(np.std(seen), 0.3 * rt.MAGNIFIER_SIGMA_M)                         # looks at other times vary
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(abs(s - g * h.holder['view_bias']) for s in seen), 3 * rt.MAGNIFIER_SIGMA_M + 1e-15)
+        c = copy.deepcopy(h)
+        c.holder['view_bias'] = (25e-6 - c._look_noise(True)) / g                            # this look sees 25 um ...
+        self.assertGreater(g, 30e-6)                                                         # ... of a larger true gap
+        self.assertTrue(c.invoke('magnifier.view')['appears_touching'])
+
+    def test_two_guards_leave_the_gap_uncertain_by_the_look_jitter(self):
+        h = _scenario('holder_in')
+        b, n = h.holder['view_bias'], h._look_noise(False)
+        q_now, g_now = h.holder['q'], h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m']
+
+        def edge(accept):
+            lo, hi = q_now - g_now, q_now + 1e-3
+            for _ in range(60):
+                mid = 0.5 * (lo + hi)
+                if accept(mid):
+                    hi = mid
+                else:
+                    lo = mid
+            return hi
+
+        def push_ok(q):
+            try:
+                copy.deepcopy(h).invoke('holder.push', position_m=q)
+                return True
+            except rt.ActionRejected:
+                return False
+
+        def rotate_ok(q):
+            c = copy.deepcopy(h)
+            try:
+                c.invoke('holder.push', position_m=q)
+                c.invoke('holder.rotate', angle_rad=0.0)
+                return True
+            except rt.ActionRejected:
+                return False
+        q1, q2 = edge(push_ok), edge(rotate_ok)
+        b_solved = (0.25e-3 - 0.20e-3) / (q2 - q1)                                            # the two thresholds give the bias ...
+        g_solved = 0.20e-3 / b_solved - (q1 - q_now)                                         # ... but the gap only up to the jitter of the look
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b_solved, b, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g_now - g_solved, -n / b, delta=1e-9)
+
+    def test_every_insertion_is_looked_at_afresh(self):
+        h = _scenario('holder_in')
+        n1 = h._look_noise(False)
+        h.invoke('holder.remove')
+        stack = h.samples['hopg']['stack_m']
+        for dq in (0.05e-3, 0.12e-3, 0.16e-3, 0.2e-3, 0.3e-3, 1.0e-3):                        # the insertion check uses the look at the new insertion
+            c = copy.deepcopy(h)
+            b_new = float(np.clip(1.0 + 0.15 * c._rng(29, c.seq['insert'] + 1).standard_normal(), 0.6, 1.4))
+            c.holder.update(location='head', q=stack + dq, view_bias=b_new)
+            want = c._eye_gap(c._gap_mech(), c.seq['insert'] + 1) < rt.PUSH_MIN_GAP_M
+            c = copy.deepcopy(h)
+            if want:
+                rejected(c, 'holder.insert', 'COLLISION_RISK', position_m=stack + dq, angle_rad=0.0)
+            else:
+                c.invoke('holder.insert', position_m=stack + dq, angle_rad=0.0)
+                self.assertNotEqual(c._look_noise(False), n1)                                  # a new look, not the jitter of the previous insertion
+
+    def test_guard_and_magnifier_agree_with_the_cover_lifted(self):
+        h = _scenario('holder_in')
+        for dq in np.linspace(-0.9e-3, 0.0, 19):
+            c = copy.deepcopy(h)
+            q = h.holder['q'] + dq
+            est = c._eye_gap(c._hand_gap(q))
+            try:
+                c.invoke('holder.push', position_m=q)
+                ok = True
+            except rt.ActionRejected:
+                ok = False
+            if ok:
+                m = c.invoke('magnifier.view')
+                self.assertFalse(m['appears_touching'])
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(m['gap_estimate_m'], rt.PUSH_MIN_GAP_M - 1e-15)
+            self.assertEqual(ok, est >= rt.PUSH_MIN_GAP_M)
+
+    def test_dirty_guides_after_a_run_in_shorten_the_remaining_steps(self):
+        h = near(holder_in(ready(), 'glass'))
+        h.invoke('z_controller.set', **ZC_HOPG)
+        h.invoke('approach.start', move_speed_percent=50.0, max_steps=20000)
+        x = h.op['extra']
+        t_touch = x['t_plan'] + math.ceil((x['q_start'] - h.holder['stop']['q_crash']) / x['step_m'] - 1e-9) * rt.CYCLE_S
+        h.step(t_touch + 2.5 * rt.CYCLE_S - h.t)
+        self.assertTrue(h.holder['stop']['crashed'])
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='approach_motor_dirty', active=True)
+        q0 = h.holder['q']
+        h.step(10 * rt.CYCLE_S)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(q0 - h.holder['q'], 10 * 150e-9 * rt.DIRTY_MOTOR_FACTOR, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['tip_crashes'], 1.0)
+
+    def test_readings_need_the_controller(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        obs = h.session('agent').read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']
+        for k in ('zscanner.extension_m', 'current.reading_a'):
+            self.assertEqual((obs[k]['value'], obs[k]['quality']), (None, 'unavailable'))
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S - 1.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['current.reading_a'])                                      # still initialising
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['zscanner.extension_m'], 0.0)                               # ready, Z fully retracted
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.read()['current.reading_a']), 20e-12)                           # amplifier noise only
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        """Runs last (class name): every code raised by a device call anywhere in this test module is declared for that capability."""
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'})
+                      for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_netzsch_lfa467.py b/tests/test_asset_netzsch_lfa467.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe8d6344c6da751a098bc0ccfea4ecfbe25e632f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_netzsch_lfa467.py
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+"""Actual LFA process/protocol/analysis regression tests; no Isaac required."""
+import copy,json,math,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import netzsch_lfa467 as r
+OBSERVED=[];STATES=[];SCHEMA_REPORT=[]
+class Host(r.NetzschLfa467Runtime):
+ def invoke(self,k,**a):
+  before=self.read();out=super().invoke(k,**a);after=self.read();changed={s for s in after if after[s]!=before[s]}
+  if changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']):raise AssertionError((k,'undeclared effects',changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects'])))
+  OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(out)));STATES.append(after);json.dumps(out,allow_nan=False);return out
+ def step(self,dt_s):
+  super().step(dt_s);STATES.append(self.read());json.dumps(STATES[-1],allow_nan=False)
+def make(plant=None,sample=None,method=None):
+ h=Host();h.invoke('plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,cells=32,furnace_speed_m_s=.1,sampler_speed_m_s=.1,**(plant or {})));h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));h.invoke('power.set',enabled=True)
+ for g in r.CHANNELS:h.invoke('gas.load',**dict(r.GAS_EXAMPLE,channel=g));h.invoke('gas.set_open',channel=g,opened=True)
+ h.invoke('coolant.load',**r.COOLANT_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('detector.set_enabled',enabled=True);h.invoke('pulse.charge',energy_j=1.,accept_optical_budget=True);h.invoke('furnace.set',opened=False);h.step(1.2);h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**(method or {})));return h
+
+def run(h):h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(1.);return h.invoke('acquisition.result')
+def close(h):
+ if h.phase=='running':h.invoke('acquisition.stop')
+ h.invoke('thermal.disable');h.invoke('detector.set_enabled',enabled=False)
+ for g in r.CHANNELS:h.invoke('gas.set_open',channel=g,opened=False)
+ h.invoke('furnace.set',opened=True);h.step(1.2);h.invoke('sample.remove');h.invoke('pulse.discharge')
+ for g in r.CHANNELS:h.invoke('gas.unload',channel=g)
+ for tank in ['detector','furnace']:
+  if h.coolant_present[tank]:h.invoke('coolant.unload',reservoir=tank)
+ h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);return h.invoke('ledger.read')
+
+class LfaTests(unittest.TestCase):
+ def assertBudget(self,h,tol=2e-8):
+  d=h.invoke('ledger.read')
+  for k,v in d.items():
+   if 'error' in k:self.assertLess(abs(v),tol,(k,v))
+ def test_01_idle_clock_configuration(self):
+  h=Host();h.step(.000005);self.assertEqual(h.time_s,.000005);self.assertIsNone(h.plant);h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);self.assertFalse(h.read()['power.enabled'])
+ def test_02_zero_step_pure(self):
+  h=make(method={'equilibrium_dwell_s':0.,'pretrigger_s':0.});h.invoke('acquisition.start');before=h.read();h.invoke('sim.step',dt_s=0.);self.assertEqual(before,h.read());self.assertEqual(h.stage,'equilibrating')
+ def test_03_real_sic_observations(self):
+  h=make();out=run(h);self.assertEqual(out['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertGreater(max(x['temperature_k'] for x in out['rows'])-out['rows'][0]['temperature_k'],.1);self.assertNotIn('diffusivity_m2_s',out);self.assertBudget(h)
+ def test_04_real_alumina_slower(self):
+  a=make();b=make(sample={'reference_id':'nist_alumina','density_kg_m3':3984.,'heat_capacity_j_kg_k':755.});run(a);run(b);self.assertGreater(a.rows[210]['temperature_k']-a.rows[0]['temperature_k'],b.rows[210]['temperature_k']-b.rows[0]['temperature_k']);self.assertBudget(b)
+ def test_05_microsecond_cancel(self):
+  h=make(method={'equilibrium_dwell_s':0.,'pretrigger_s':0.,'pulse_width_s':10e-6,'sample_interval_s':.5e-6,'record_duration_s':.001});h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(5e-6);self.assertEqual(h.stage,'pulse');h.invoke('acquisition.stop');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.optical_emitted,.05,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.optical_stored,.95,12);self.assertGreater(len(h.rows),5);self.assertBudget(h)
+ def test_06_two_mhz_internal_clock(self):
+  h=make(method={'equilibrium_dwell_s':0.,'pretrigger_s':0.,'sample_interval_s':.5e-6,'record_duration_s':.001});start=h.time_s;h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.1);self.assertEqual(h.time_s,start+.1);self.assertEqual(len(h.rows),2001);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.rows[1]['time_s']-h.rows[0]['time_s'],.5e-6,12)
+ def test_07_partition_invariance(self):
+  a=make(method={'equilibrium_dwell_s':0.});b=make(method={'equilibrium_dwell_s':0.});a.invoke('acquisition.start');b.invoke('acquisition.start');a.step(.3)
+  for dt in [.003,.008,.027,.062,.2]:b.step(dt)
+  np.testing.assert_allclose(a.theta,b.theta,atol=1e-10,rtol=1e-9);self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);self.assertBudget(b)
+ def test_08_neumann_constant_stiff(self):
+  for hface in [0.,10.]:
+   m=r.thermal_modes(1e-5,1e-4,3000,1000,.002,hface,hface,64,20,0);q=np.full(65,5.);out=r.propagate_modes(m,q,0,0,120);np.testing.assert_allclose(out['temperature_delta_k'],q,atol=1e-11,rtol=0);self.assertLess(abs(out['stored_change_j']),1e-10)
+ def test_09_neumann_continuum_convergence(self):
+  t=np.array([.0005,.001,.003,.01]);exact=r.parker_response(5e-5*t/.002**2);errs=[]
+  for n in [32,64]:
+   m=r.thermal_modes(.002,1,3000,1000,5e-5,0,0,n,20,0);q=np.zeros(n+1);q[1]=1/m['C'][1];out=r.propagate_modes(m,q,0,0,float(t[-1]),sample_times_s=t);errs.append(max(abs(out['rear_delta_k']*.002*3e6-exact)))
+  self.assertLess(errs[1],errs[0]*.3)
+ def test_10_robin_conservation(self):
+  m=r.thermal_modes(.002,1e-4,3000,1000,5e-5,25,60,64,20,.1);q=np.linspace(1,10,65);o=r.propagate_modes(m,q,3,2,.25);self.assertAlmostEqual(o['heat_input_j']-o['ambient_j'],o['stored_change_j'],places=9)
+ def test_11_detector_resonance(self):
+  tau=.02;A,B,_,_=r.detector_kernels(np.array([-1/tau,0.]),[.001,.1],tau);np.testing.assert_allclose(A[0],np.array([.001,.1])/tau*np.exp(-np.array([.001,.1])/tau),rtol=1e-12);self.assertTrue(np.all(np.isfinite(B)))
+ def test_12_sensor_saturation_not_clip(self):
+  h=make(plant={'detector_maximum_k':298.16});out=run(h);self.assertTrue(any(x['temperature_k'] is None for x in out['rows']));self.assertGreater(h._rear(),298.16)
+ def test_13_gain_calibration_independent(self):
+  h=make(plant={'detector_gain':2.,'detector_offset_k':3.});h.invoke('sensor.calibrate',**dict(r.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,temperature_gain_correction=.5,temperature_zero_k=3.));out=run(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(out['rows'][0]['temperature_k'],298.15,places=5)
+ def test_14_parker_external(self):
+  h=Host();t=np.linspace(0,.1,1001);args=dict(time_s=t.tolist(),temperature_k=(300+r.parker_response(5e-5*t/.002**2)).tolist(),thickness_m=.002,pulse_time_s=0.,baseline_k=300.,plateau_k=301.,accept_adiabatic_instant_pulse=True);a=h.invoke('analysis.parker',**args);self.assertLess(abs(a['diffusivity_m2_s']/5e-5-1),1e-4)
+ def test_15_parker_missing_gap(self):
+  out=r.analyze_parker([0,.01,.02,.03],[300,300.1,None,301],.002,0,300,301,True);self.assertIsNone(out['diffusivity_m2_s'])
+ def test_16_finite_pulse_external_fit(self):
+  h=Host();t=np.linspace(-.001,.08,301);a=dict(r.FIT_EXAMPLE,time_s=t.tolist(),temperature_k=(300+1000*r.finite_profile(t,4e-5,.002,2.5e6,30,15,.001,.0002,32)).tolist(),pulse_width_s=.001,volumetric_capacity_j_m3_k=2.5e6,front_loss_w_m2_k=30.,rear_loss_w_m2_k=15.,detector_tau_s=.0002,cells=32);out=h.invoke('analysis.finite_pulse',**a);self.assertLess(abs(out['diffusivity_m2_s']/4e-5-1),1e-5);self.assertLess(out['fit_rms_k'],1e-7)
+ def test_17_conductivity_external(self):
+  h=Host();o=h.invoke('analysis.conductivity',**r.CAPS['analysis.conductivity']['example_arguments']);self.assertAlmostEqual(o['conductivity_w_m_k'],112.97)
+ def test_18_reference_exact_and_domain(self):
+  h=make(plant={'cooler':'LN2'});out=h.invoke('reference.query',reference_id='nist_sic');self.assertEqual(json.loads(out['reference_json'])['values'],r.library()['substances']['nist_sic']['values']);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE',h.invoke,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,temperature_k=280.))
+ def test_19_size_and_unknown_atomic(self):
+  h=Host();h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);before=h.read()
+  for patch in [{'thickness_m':.007},{'diameter_m':.005},{'bad':1},{'density_kg_m3':float('nan')}]:self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.invoke,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**patch));self.assertEqual(before,h.read())
+ def test_20_pulse_grid_and_record_limit(self):
+  h=make()
+  for patch in [{'pulse_width_s':10.5e-6},{'sample_interval_s':.5e-6,'record_duration_s':1.},{'pulse_width_s':.0015,'record_duration_s':.001}]:self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.invoke,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**patch))
+ def test_21_detector_inventory_fault(self):
+  h=make(method={'equilibrium_dwell_s':0.});h.invoke('detector.set_enabled',enabled=False);h.invoke('coolant.unload',reservoir='detector');h.invoke('coolant.load',**dict(r.COOLANT_EXAMPLE,amount_kg=1e-9));h.invoke('detector.set_enabled',enabled=True);out=run(h);self.assertEqual(out['error_code'],'DETECTOR_COOLANT_EXHAUSTED');self.assertEqual(h.coolant_remaining['detector'],0.);self.assertBudget(h)
+ def test_22_gas_fault_and_channels(self):
+  h=make(method={'equilibrium_dwell_s':0.});h.invoke('gas.set_open',channel='protective',opened=False);h.invoke('gas.unload',channel='protective');h.invoke('gas.load',**dict(r.GAS_EXAMPLE,channel='protective',amount_mol=1e-12));h.invoke('gas.set_open',channel='protective',opened=True);o=run(h);self.assertEqual(o['error_code'],'GAS_EXHAUSTED');self.assertBudget(h)
+ def test_23_furnace_ln2_finite(self):
+  h=make(plant={'cooler':'LN2'});h.invoke('coolant.load',**dict(r.COOLANT_EXAMPLE,reservoir='furnace',amount_kg=1e-10));h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=295.,rate_k_s=.5);h.step(.1);self.assertEqual(h.coolant_remaining['furnace'],0.);self.assertFalse(h.thermal_enabled);self.assertBudget(h)
+ def test_24_detector_cooler_domain(self):
+  h=make(plant={'cooler':'LN2','detector':'InSb'});self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'CONFIGURATION_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',h.invoke,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=295.,rate_k_s=.5)
+ def test_25_passive_cooling_no_ambient_clip(self):
+  h=make();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=303.15,rate_k_s=50/60);h.step(1.);self.assertGreater(h._furnace(),298.15);h.invoke('thermal.disable');h.invoke('thermal.set_cooling',enabled=True);a=h._furnace();h.step(1.);self.assertLess(h._furnace(),a);self.assertGreaterEqual(h._furnace(),298.15);self.assertBudget(h)
+ def test_26_optical_finite_capacity(self):
+  h=make();before=h._ledger();self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'OPTICAL_CAPACITY',h.invoke,'pulse.charge',energy_j=10.,accept_optical_budget=True);self.assertEqual(before,h._ledger());h.invoke('pulse.discharge');self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'INSUFFICIENT_OPTICAL',h.invoke,'acquisition.start')
+ def test_27_heat_domain_rejection_preserves_energy(self):
+  h=make(method={'pulse_energy_j':1.},plant={'maximum_local_temperature_rise_k':.01});out=run(h);self.assertEqual(out['error_code'],'PULSE_LINEAR_DOMAIN');self.assertEqual(h.optical_emitted,0.);self.assertBudget(h)
+ def test_28_timeout_preserves_heating(self):
+  h=make(method={'temperature_k':303.15,'timeout_s':.05});out=run(h);self.assertEqual(out['error_code'],'TIMEOUT');self.assertGreater(h.heater_input,0);self.assertBudget(h)
+ def test_29_frozen_cancel_restart(self):
+  h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.21);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');old=h.invoke('acquisition.result');op=old['operation_id'];h.step(.2);self.assertEqual(old,h.invoke('acquisition.result'));h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,equilibrium_tolerance_k=.5));h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(1);self.assertEqual(old,h.records[op]);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'succeeded')
+ def test_30_emergency_and_reset(self):
+  h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.21);h.invoke('emergency.stop');self.assertEqual(h.error,'SOFTWARE_STOP');self.assertFalse(h._detector_ready());h.invoke('emergency.reset');self.assertFalse(h.emergency)
+ def test_31_motion_16slots_and_access(self):
+  h=make();self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'FURNACE_NOT_OPEN',h.invoke,'sampler.select',position=16);h.invoke('furnace.set',opened=True);h.step(1.2);h.invoke('sampler.select',position=16);self.assertNotEqual(h.sampler_x,h.sampler_target_x);h.step(1);self.assertEqual((h.sampler_x,h.sampler_y),(-.028,-.028));self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'SAMPLE_ACCESS',h.invoke,'sample.remove');h.invoke('sampler.select',position=1);h.step(1);self.assertEqual((h.sampler_x,h.sampler_y),(.028,.028))
+ def test_32_mass_heat_cleanup(self):
+  h=make();run(h);d=close(h);self.assertEqual(d['sample_present_kg'],0);self.assertGreater(d['recovered_sensible_j'],0);self.assertBudget(h)
+ def test_33_session_truth_permissions(self):
+  h=make();s=h.session();desc=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertNotIn('truth.alpha_m2_s',desc['state_slots']);self.assertNotIn('plant.configure',desc['capabilities']);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'ACCESS_DENIED',s.read,instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.alpha_m2_s']);out=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='ledger.read',arguments={},request_id='x');self.assertEqual(out['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+ def test_34_owner_poll_cancel_result(self):
+  h=make();h.register_principal('other');a=h.session();b=h.session('other');out=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s');op=out['operation_id'];self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'ACCESS_DENIED',b.poll,op);self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'ACCESS_DENIED',b.cancel,op,'c');self.assertEqual(b.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='r')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(a.cancel(op,'c')['status'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(a.poll(op)['status'],'cancelled')
+ def test_35_idempotence_conflict(self):
+  h=make();s=h.session();a=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='same');x=s.invoke(**a);self.assertEqual(s.invoke(**a),x);bad=s.invoke(**dict(a,capability_id='acquisition.stop'));self.assertEqual(bad['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');s.cancel(x['operation_id'],'c');self.assertEqual(s.cancel(x['operation_id'],'c')['status'],'succeeded')
+ def test_36_no_query_clock(self):
+  h=make();before=h.read();rev=h.revision;h.invoke('reference.query',reference_id='nist_sic');h.invoke('acquisition.result');h.invoke('ledger.read');h.session().read(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertEqual(h.read(),before);self.assertEqual(h.revision,rev)
+ def test_37_instances_isolated(self):
+  a=make();b=make();a.invoke('acquisition.start');a.step(.4);self.assertEqual(b.phase,'idle');self.assertEqual(b.time_s,1.2);self.assertEqual(b.optical_emitted,0.)
+ def test_38_unknown_roles_targets_writes(self):
+  h=make();s=h.session();self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.session,'unknown');self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,s.read,instance_id='bad');self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,s.write,instance_id=h.instance_id,state_id='thermal.target_k',value=300.,request_id='w');self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='wrong',arguments={},request_id='a')['status'],'rejected')
+ def test_39_unsupported_and_atomic(self):
+  h=make();before=h.read()
+  for k in r.UNSUPPORTED:self.assertRaisesRegex(r.ActionRejected,'UNSUPPORTED',h.invoke,k)
+  self.assertEqual(before,h.read())
+ def test_40_all_schema_json(self):
+  meta=r.export_netzsch_lfa467_contract_metadata();self.assertEqual(set(meta['state_slots']),set(r.SLOTS));json.dumps(meta,allow_nan=False);h=make();run(h);json.dumps(h.session('evaluator').read(instance_id=h.instance_id),allow_nan=False)
+ def test_41_resource_subns(self):
+  h=make();h.invoke('gas.set_open',channel='purge2',opened=False);h.invoke('gas.unload',channel='purge2');h.invoke('gas.load',**dict(r.GAS_EXAMPLE,channel='purge2',amount_mol=1e-18));h.invoke('gas.set_open',channel='purge2',opened=True);h.step(1e-9);self.assertEqual(h.gas_remaining['purge2'],0);self.assertBudget(h)
+ def test_42_flow_public_and_condition_acceptance(self):
+  h=make();h.invoke('gas.set_flow',channel='purge1',flow_m3_s=50e-6/60);self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected,h.invoke,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,accept_condition_transfer=False));self.assertEqual(h.gas_flow['purge1'],50e-6/60)
+ def test_43_power_loss_partial(self):
+  h=make(method={'equilibrium_dwell_s':0.,'pretrigger_s':0.,'pulse_width_s':10e-6});h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(5e-6);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);self.assertEqual(h.error,'POWER_LOSS');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.optical_emitted,.05,12);self.assertBudget(h)
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_netzsch_mmc315.py b/tests/test_asset_netzsch_mmc315.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4db218b08245432a8dde1904364db33c61f6897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_netzsch_mmc315.py
@@ -0,0 +1,783 @@
+"""CHEM-148 NETZSCH MMC 315 Nexus ARC module runtime tests: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_netzsch_mmc315.py
+
+Themes (pipeline.md): setpoints only write targets; read/describe/poll are pure; rejected preconditions leave the state
+unchanged; two instances are isolated; agent/evaluator truth isolation and result redaction; energy and mole conservation;
+real return values validate against the contract schemas; async completion / cancellation.
+Physics: the NETZSCH HWS example (20 % DTBP in toluene, Ti sphere): onset, dT, phi, dT_ad, heat and pressure step; HWS
+detection against the analytic threshold temperature; adiabatic tracking limited to the documented 50 K/min; Iso-Fixed /
+Iso-Track / ramp exotherm detection; end criteria (self-heat rate net of the programme) and the 150 bar limit; drift of an
+inert sample below the threshold; Townsend-Tou evaluation with quality flags; vapour pressure continuous across Tc;
+1 s instrument cycle (host-step independence, stable PI); over-range guards; data reduction; request binding.
+No native scene, robot or hardware claims.
+"""
+import copy
+import importlib.util
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT))
+from scripts.asset_runtime.netzsch_mmc315 import *  # noqa: E402,F401,F403
+from scripts.asset_runtime import netzsch_mmc315 as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+CHECKS = []
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('mmc315_asset_tool', ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py')
+asset_tool = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+_spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+_ispec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('mmc315_interface', ROOT / 'outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/interface_definition.py')
+interface = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_ispec)
+_ispec.loader.exec_module(interface)
+DTBP = 'di_tbutyl_peroxide'
+CALIBRATED = dict(sample_tc_offset_k=0.0, jacket_tc_offset_k=0.0, tc_noise_k=0.001)   # light containers (small C_s) need a quiet zero-mismatch pair
+LIB = json.loads(LIBRARY_PATH.read_text())
+
+
+def call(h, k, **a):
+    """Invoke through the runtime, validate the returned value and check that only declared slots changed immediately."""
+    before = h.read('debug')
+    r = h.invoke(k, **a)
+    validate(CAPS[k]['output_schema'], r)
+    problems = asset_tool.validate_value(r, CAPS[k]['output_schema'])
+    if problems:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{k}: {problems}')
+    after = h.read('debug')
+    delta = {x for x in after if before[x] != after[x]}
+    if k != 'sim.step' and not delta <= set(CAPS[k]['effects']):
+        raise AssertionError(f'{k}: undeclared state changes {sorted(delta - set(CAPS[k]["effects"]))}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(k, []).append(dict(time_s=h.time_s, result_keys=sorted(r), actual_call=True))
+    return r
+
+
+def configured(plant=None, method=None, power=True):
+    h = NetzschMmc315Runtime()
+    call(h, 'plant.configure', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, **(plant or {})))
+    call(h, 'method.configure', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, **(method or {})))
+    if power:
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+    return h
+
+
+def loaded(load=None, h=None, **kw):
+    h = h or configured(**kw)
+    call(h, 'lid.set', open=True); h.step(3.0)
+    call(h, 'sample.load', **dict(LOAD_EXAMPLE, **(load or {})))
+    call(h, 'lid.set', open=False); h.step(3.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def run(h, limit_h=60.0, dt=60.0):
+    call(h, 'test.start')
+    t = 0.0
+    while h._test_active() and t < limit_h * 3600:
+        call(h, 'sim.step', dt_s=dt)
+        t += dt
+    return call(h, 'test.result')
+
+
+def threshold_temperature(tpl, dT_obs, thr_k_min):
+    """Temperature at which the zero-conversion adiabatic self-heat rate equals the threshold (first-order template kinetics)."""
+    k = thr_k_min / 60.0 / dT_obs
+    return tpl['kinetics']['Ea_J_mol'] / (GAS_CONSTANT * math.log(tpl['kinetics']['A_per_s'] / k))
+
+
+class ConstantsAndLibrary(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test01_identity_and_documented_constants(self):
+        self.assertEqual(ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.netzsch_mmc315')
+        self.assertEqual(CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-148')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(TRACKING_RATE_K_S * 60, 50.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(MAX_TEMPERATURE_K, 773.15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(MAX_PRESSURE_PA, 150e5)
+        self.assertEqual(CONTAINER_VOLUME_RANGE_M3, (0.5e-6, 8.5e-6))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(TEMPERATURE_READABILITY_K, 0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(PRESSURE_READABILITY_PA, 1000.0)
+
+    def test02_interface_geometry_agrees_with_runtime(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(interface.TRAY_TRAVEL_M, TRAY_TRAVEL_M)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(interface.LID_OPEN_RAD, LID_OPEN_RAD)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(interface.POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD, POWER_SWITCH_ON_RAD)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(interface.CONTAINER_VOLUME_M3, CONTAINER_VOLUME_RANGE_M3[1])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(interface.CONTAINER_MASS_KG, LOAD_EXAMPLE['container_mass_kg'])
+        for part, sid, capid, *_ in interface.MOTION:
+            self.assertIn(sid, SLOTS); self.assertIn(capid, CAPS)
+        for r in interface.READOUTS:
+            self.assertIn(r['source']['bridge'][0], SLOTS)
+            self.assertEqual(SLOTS[r['source']['bridge'][0]]['visibility'], 'agent')
+        for lamp in interface.LAMPS:
+            self.assertIn(lamp['source']['lamp']['bridge'], SLOTS)
+
+    def test03_template_library_real_and_complete(self):
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(LIB['coverage']['distinct_substances'], 50)
+        self.assertEqual(LIB['coverage']['synthetic_records'], 0)
+        for t in LIB['templates']:
+            self.assertEqual(t['evidence'], 'measured_manufacturer')
+            self.assertTrue(t['measurements'] and all(m['source']['sha256'] for m in t['measurements']))
+            self.assertGreater(t['kinetics']['A_per_s'], 0); self.assertGreater(t['kinetics']['Ea_J_mol'], 5e4)
+            self.assertTrue(t['heat_of_decomposition_J_per_g'] is None or t['cas'] == '110-05-4')
+        dtbp = templates()[DTBP]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(dtbp['arc_reference']['thermal_inertia_phi'], 1.48)
+        report = json.loads((ROOT / 'outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/netzsch_mmc315/template_validation.json').read_text())
+        self.assertEqual(report['status'], 'passed')
+
+    def test04_vapour_pressure_follows_nist_toluene(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(solvent_vapour_pressure_pa('toluene', 383.78) / 1e5, 1.013, delta=0.02)      # normal boiling point 383.8 K
+        p200 = solvent_vapour_pressure_pa('toluene', 473.15) / 1e5
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p200, 10 ** (4.54436 - 1738.123 / (473.15 + 0.394)), places=6)
+        gap = [solvent_vapour_pressure_pa('toluene', T) for T in (384.66, 400.0, 420.0)]
+        self.assertTrue(gap[0] < gap[1] < gap[2])                                                          # monotone across the bridged gap
+        Tc = LIB['solvents']['toluene']['critical_temperature_K']
+        lo, hi = solvent_vapour_pressure_pa('toluene', Tc - 1e-6), solvent_vapour_pressure_pa('toluene', Tc + 1e-6)
+        self.assertLess(abs(hi / lo - 1), 1e-6)                                                             # continued smoothly above Tc
+        self.assertLess(solvent_vapour_pressure_pa('toluene', 600.0), solvent_vapour_pressure_pa('toluene', 620.0))
+        self.assertEqual(solvent_vapour_pressure_pa('none', 450.0), 0.0)
+
+    def test05_exact_thermal_step_conserves_energy(self):
+        Cj, Cs, G, Gsj, P, Q, Ta = 1200.0, 17.8, 0.15, 0.06, 300.0, 0.5, 296.15
+        Tj, Ts, iu, ix = thermal_step(Cj, Cs, G, Gsj, P, Q, Ta, 320.0, 300.0, 7.3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(P * 7.3 + Q * 7.3 - G * iu, Cj * (Tj - 320.0) + Cs * (Ts - 300.0), delta=1e-8)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(Q * 7.3 + Gsj * ix, Cs * (Ts - 300.0), delta=1e-8)
+        # millisecond sub-steps keep full relative accuracy of the integrals (trapezoid is O(dt^3) exact here)
+        dt = 1e-3
+        Tj, Ts, iu, ix = thermal_step(Cj, Cs, G, Gsj, P, Q, Ta, 520.0, 519.0, dt)
+        self.assertLess(abs(iu / ((520.0 - Ta + Tj - Ta) / 2 * dt) - 1), 1e-12)
+        self.assertLess(abs(ix / ((520.0 - 519.0 + Tj - Ts) / 2 * dt) - 1), 1e-9)
+
+    def test06_nth_order_update_is_exact_and_continuous_in_n(self):
+        y, k, dt = 0.7, 3e-3, 40.0
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(nth_order_remaining(y, k, dt, 1.0), y * math.exp(-k * dt), places=15)
+        for n in (1.0 + 2e-12, 1.0 - 2e-12, 1.0 + 1e-7):
+            self.assertLess(abs(nth_order_remaining(y, k, dt, n) / (y * math.exp(-k * dt)) - 1), 1e-6, n)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(nth_order_remaining(y, k, dt, 2.0), 1.0 / (1.0 / y + k * dt), places=14)
+        self.assertEqual(nth_order_remaining(0.01, 1.0, 10.0, 0.5), 0.0)                                   # n < 1: complete within dt
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(nth_order_remaining(0.5, 0.01, 1.0, 0.5), (math.sqrt(0.5) - 0.005) ** 2, places=14)
+
+
+class RuntimeContract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test10_configuration_only_writes_targets(self):
+        h = configured()
+        T0 = h.T_s
+        call(h, 'method.configure', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, start_temperature_k=373.15))
+        self.assertEqual(h.T_s, T0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read('agent')['test.running'])
+
+    def test11_read_describe_poll_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.start', arguments={}, request_id='x1')
+        h.step(1800.0)
+        t0, rev = h.time_ns, h.revision
+        before = copy.deepcopy(h.read('debug'))
+        for _ in range(3):
+            s.read(instance_id='mmc315_01'); s.describe(instance_id='mmc315_01'); s.poll(r['operation_id'])
+            call(h, 'test.result'); call(h, 'analysis.kinetics', **CAPS['analysis.kinetics']['example_arguments'])
+        self.assertEqual((h.time_ns, h.revision), (t0, rev))
+        self.assertEqual(before, h.read('debug'))
+
+    def test12_rejections_leave_state_unchanged(self):
+        h = configured()
+        cases = [('test.start', {}, 'NO_SAMPLE'), ('sample.load', dict(LOAD_EXAMPLE), 'LID_NOT_OPEN'), ('sample.unload', {}, 'NO_SAMPLE'),
+                 ('test.stop', {}, 'NOT_RUNNING'), ('plant.configure', dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE), 'PLANT_ALREADY_CONFIGURED'), ('module.scanning', {}, 'UNSUPPORTED'),
+                 ('method.configure', dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, end_temperature_k=313.15), 'INVALID_METHOD'),
+                 ('method.configure', dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, mode='iso_fixed'), 'INVALID_METHOD'),
+                 ('method.configure', dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, cool_to_k=PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'] + 2.0), 'COOL_TARGET_BELOW_AMBIENT'),
+                 ('method.configure', dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, search_min=2.0), 'INVALID_ARGUMENT'),
+                 ('method.configure', dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, wait_min=1.0), 'INVALID_ARGUMENT')]
+        for k, a, code in cases:
+            before = copy.deepcopy(h.read('debug'))
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke(k, **a)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), code, k)
+            self.assertEqual(before, h.read('debug'), k)
+        call(h, 'lid.set', open=True); h.step(3.0)
+        for load, code in ((dict(template_id='nope'), 'UNKNOWN_TEMPLATE'), (dict(sample_cp_j_kg_k=None), 'SAMPLE_HEAT_CAPACITY_REQUIRED'),
+                           (dict(template_id='dicumyl_peroxide'), 'HEAT_OF_DECOMPOSITION_REQUIRED'), (dict(gas_yield_mol_per_mol=None), 'GAS_YIELD_REQUIRED'),
+                           (dict(sample_mass_kg=8e-3), 'CONTAINER_OVERFILLED'), (dict(accept_priors=False), 'ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED'),
+                           (dict(reactant_mass_fraction=1.0, solvent='none', heat_of_decomposition_j_kg=1e7, sample_cp_j_kg_k=500.0), 'ADIABATIC_RISE_OUT_OF_MODEL_RANGE')):
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke('sample.load', **dict(LOAD_EXAMPLE, **load))
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), code)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke('plant.configure', **PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        bad = NetzschMmc315Runtime()
+        for plant, code in ((dict(jacket_heater_max_w=400.0), 'TRACKING_RATE_NOT_REACHABLE'), (dict(jacket_heat_capacity_j_k=100.0), 'CONTROLLER_UNSTABLE'),
+                            (dict(controller_gain_w_k=5000.0), 'CONTROLLER_UNSTABLE'), (dict(sample_tc_offset_k=0.06, jacket_tc_offset_k=-0.06), 'THERMOCOUPLE_MISMATCH')):
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+                bad.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, **plant))
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), code)
+        # a method configured before the plant is re-checked at start
+        late = NetzschMmc315Runtime()
+        late.invoke('method.configure', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, cool_to_k=298.15))
+        call(late, 'plant.configure', **PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        call(late, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        loaded(h=late)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            late.invoke('test.start')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'COOL_TARGET_BELOW_AMBIENT')
+
+    def test13_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = loaded(), configured()
+        call(a, 'test.start'); a.step(7200.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b.T_s, PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'])
+        self.assertIsNone(b.sample)
+        self.assertGreater(a.T_s, PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'] + 10)
+
+    def test14_agent_truth_isolation_and_redaction(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent'); h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        ag, ev = h.session('agent'), h.session('eval')
+        obs = ag.read(instance_id='mmc315_01')['observations']
+        self.assertTrue(all(SLOTS[k]['visibility'] == 'agent' for k in obs))
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') or k.endswith('_m') or k.endswith('_rad') for k in obs))
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            ag.read(instance_id='mmc315_01', state_ids=['truth.conversion'])
+        for k in ('ledger.read', 'provenance.read', 'sample.load', 'tray.move', 'sim.step', 'plant.configure'):
+            self.assertEqual(ag.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id=k, arguments=CAPS[k]['example_arguments'], request_id='r' + k)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = ag.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.start', arguments={}, request_id='s1')
+        h.step(20 * 3600.0)
+        res = ag.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.result', arguments={}, request_id='q1')['result']
+        self.assertNotIn(DTBP, json.dumps(res))
+        self.assertIn('evaluator provenance.read', res['template_source'])
+        prov = ev.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='provenance.read', arguments={}, request_id='p1')['result']
+        self.assertIn(DTBP, prov['loaded_template'])
+        self.assertEqual(prov['operations'][0]['operation_id'], r['operation_id'])
+        d = ag.describe(instance_id='mmc315_01')
+        self.assertFalse(any(v['visibility'] != 'agent' for v in d['capabilities'].values()))
+        n = len(rt.LIMITATIONS)
+        d['capabilities']['test.result']['limitations'].append('mutated')
+        self.assertEqual(len(rt.LIMITATIONS), n)
+
+    def test15_foreign_agent_guard(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        for p in ('a1', 'a2'):
+            h.register_principal(p, 'agent')
+        s1, s2 = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2')
+        s1.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.start', arguments={}, request_id='x')
+        h.step(600.0)
+        for k, a in [('test.stop', {}), ('test.result', {}), ('method.configure', dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE)), ('power.set', {'enabled': False})]:
+            self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id=k, arguments=a, request_id='y' + k)['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', k)
+        own = lambda s_: s_.read(instance_id='mmc315_01', state_ids=['test.started_by_other_agent'])['observations']['test.started_by_other_agent']['value']  # noqa: E731
+        self.assertEqual((own(s1), own(s2)), (False, True))
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.stop', arguments={}, request_id='z')['status'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test16_request_dedupe_poll_cancel(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r1 = s.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='method.configure', arguments=dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, s.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='method.configure', arguments=dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE), request_id='same'))
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='method.configure', arguments=dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, step_k=5.0), request_id='same')['error']['code'],
+                         'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        op = s.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.start', arguments={}, request_id='s')['operation_id']
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(op)['status'], 'running')
+        n = len(h.test['points'])
+        c = s.cancel(op, 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual((c['status'], c['result']['phase']), ('succeeded', 'cancelled'))
+        self.assertEqual(s.cancel(op, 'c1'), c)
+        res = s.poll(op)
+        self.assertEqual(res['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(len(res['result']['points']), n)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            s.cancel(op, 'c2')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'NOT_RUNNING')
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            s.cancel(op, 'c2')                                                                            # replay of the recorded rejection
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'NOT_RUNNING')
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.result', arguments={}, request_id='c2')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        # a rejected request binds its request_id as well
+        rej = s.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.stop', arguments={}, request_id='rej')
+        self.assertEqual(rej['error']['code'], 'NOT_RUNNING')
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.stop', arguments={}, request_id='rej'), rej)
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='method.configure', arguments=dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE), request_id='rej')['error']['code'],
+                         'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            s.poll('mmc315_01:test:99')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'UNKNOWN_OPERATION')
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            s.write(instance_id='mmc315_01', state_id='test.step_target_k', value=400.0, request_id='w')
+
+    def test17_unsupported_options_are_explicit(self):
+        h = configured()
+        for k in UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke(k)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test20_dtbp_hws_reproduces_the_netzsch_example(self):
+        h = loaded(method=dict(end_temperature_k=503.15))
+        res = run(h)
+        ref = templates()[DTBP]['arc_reference']
+        self.assertEqual((res['phase'], res['validity']), ('succeeded', 'valid'))
+        e = res['exotherms'][0]
+        self.assertLess(abs(e['onset_temperature_k'] - 273.15 - ref['detection_temperature_C']), 3.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(e['delta_t_observed_k'] / ref['delta_T_observed_K'] - 1), 0.03)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(e['phi'], ref['thermal_inertia_phi'], delta=0.005)
+        self.assertLess(abs(e['delta_t_adiabatic_k'] / ref['delta_T_adiabatic_K'] - 1), 0.03)
+        self.assertLess(abs(e['specific_heat_of_reaction_j_kg_sample'] / 1e3 / ref['specific_heat_of_reaction_J_per_g_sample'] - 1), 0.03)
+        self.assertLess(abs((e['pressure_after_pa'] - e['pressure_before_pa']) / 1e5 - ref['pressure_step_bar']), 3.0)
+        tk = templates()[DTBP]['kinetics']
+        self.assertLess(abs(e['kinetics']['activation_energy_j_mol'] / tk['Ea_J_mol'] - 1), 0.03)             # Townsend-Tou recovers the template
+        self.assertLess(abs(e['kinetics']['log10_a_per_s'] - math.log10(tk['A_per_s'])), 0.4)
+        self.assertEqual((e['conditions'], e['kinetics']['quality']), ('adiabatic', 'ok'))
+        self.assertFalse(e['tracking_rate_exceeded'])
+        for x in (e['onset_temperature_k'], e['end_temperature_k'], e['max_temperature_k'], e['temperature_at_max_rate_k'], res['max_temperature_k']):
+            self.assertLess(abs(x / TEMPERATURE_READABILITY_K - round(x / TEMPERATURE_READABILITY_K)), 1e-6)        # published values are readings
+        for x in (e['pressure_before_pa'], e['pressure_after_pa'], res['max_pressure_pa']):
+            self.assertLess(abs(x / PRESSURE_READABILITY_PA - round(x / PRESSURE_READABILITY_PA)), 1e-6)
+        self.assertLessEqual(e['temperature_at_max_rate_k'], e['max_temperature_k'])
+        self.assertEqual((res['exotherm_count'], res['exotherms_dropped']), (len(res['exotherms']), 0))
+        PROCESS_EVIDENCE['dtbp_netzsch_example'] = dict(onset_C=e['onset_temperature_k'] - 273.15, dT=e['delta_t_observed_k'], dT_ad=e['delta_t_adiabatic_k'],
+                                                        pressure_step_bar=(e['pressure_after_pa'] - e['pressure_before_pa']) / 1e5,
+                                                        Ea_kJ_mol=e['kinetics']['activation_energy_j_mol'] / 1e3, lgA=e['kinetics']['log10_a_per_s'])
+
+    def test21_detection_temperature_follows_the_threshold(self):
+        # dicumyl peroxide 30 % in toluene with an explicit host heat prior: detection within one HWS step above the analytic threshold temperature
+        tpl = templates()['dicumyl_peroxide']
+        load = dict(template_id='dicumyl_peroxide', sample_mass_kg=4.0e-3, reactant_mass_fraction=0.30, heat_of_decomposition_j_kg=1.2e6, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=0.5)
+        h = loaded(load=load, method=dict(end_temperature_k=493.15, step_k=5.0))
+        res = run(h)
+        s = h.sample
+        dT_obs = s['m_r'] * s['dH'] / s['C_s']
+        T_thr = threshold_temperature(tpl, dT_obs, METHOD_EXAMPLE['threshold_k_min'])
+        on = res['exotherms'][0]['onset_temperature_k']
+        self.assertTrue(T_thr - 2.0 <= on <= T_thr + 5.0 + 2.0, (on, T_thr))
+        self.assertLess(abs(res['exotherms'][0]['delta_t_observed_k'] / dT_obs - 1), 0.05)
+        # a higher threshold detects later
+        h2 = loaded(load=load, method=dict(end_temperature_k=493.15, step_k=5.0, threshold_k_min=0.2))
+        self.assertGreater(run(h2)['exotherms'][0]['onset_temperature_k'], on + 5.0)
+
+    def test22_inert_sample_drift_stays_below_threshold(self):
+        h = loaded(load=dict(reactant_mass_fraction=0.0, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=None), method=dict(end_temperature_k=423.15))
+        res = run(h)
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'no_exotherm_detected')
+        pts = res['points']
+        late = []                                                            # search points after the settling third of each search segment
+        for i, p in enumerate(pts):
+            if p['stage'] == 'search' and p['self_heat_rate_k_min'] is not None:
+                j = i
+                while j > 0 and pts[j - 1]['stage'] == 'search':
+                    j -= 1
+                if p['time_s'] - pts[j]['time_s'] >= METHOD_EXAMPLE['search_min'] * 60.0 / 3.0 + 120.0:
+                    late.append(p['self_heat_rate_k_min'])
+        thr = METHOD_EXAMPLE['threshold_k_min']
+        self.assertTrue(late and max(abs(r) for r in late) < thr, late[:20])                             # displayed 2 min rate: noisy but below
+        drift = PLANT_EXAMPLE['sample_jacket_conductance_w_k'] * (PLANT_EXAMPLE['sample_tc_offset_k'] - PLANT_EXAMPLE['jacket_tc_offset_k']) / h.sample['C_s'] * 60.0
+        self.assertLess(abs(sum(late) / len(late) - drift), 0.25 * thr)                                  # mean = offset-mismatch drift
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.sample['alpha'], 0.0)
+
+    def test23_tracking_rate_limit_is_flagged(self):
+        # 100 % DTBP (no solvent) in a light container: self-heating far above the documented 50 K/min tracking rate
+        load = dict(sample_mass_kg=1.0e-3, reactant_mass_fraction=1.0, solvent='none', container_mass_kg=4.0e-3, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=0.3)
+        h = loaded(load=load, plant=CALIBRATED, method=dict(end_temperature_k=673.15, max_rate_k_min=50.0, max_pressure_pa=MAX_PRESSURE_PA))
+        res = run(h)
+        e = res['exotherms'][0]
+        self.assertTrue(e['tracking_rate_exceeded'] or res['terminal_reason'] in ('END_RATE_REACHED', 'PRESSURE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED', 'END_PRESSURE_REACHED'))
+        self.assertIn(res['validity'], ('end_rate_reached', 'end_pressure_reached', 'pressure_limit_exceeded', 'valid'))
+
+    def test24_end_pressure_and_hard_limit(self):
+        load = dict(sample_mass_kg=5.0e-3, reactant_mass_fraction=0.30, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=2.0)
+        res = run(loaded(load=load, method=dict(end_temperature_k=503.15, max_pressure_pa=20e5)))
+        self.assertEqual((res['phase'], res['validity'], res['terminal_reason']), ('succeeded', 'end_pressure_reached', 'END_PRESSURE_REACHED'))
+        self.assertLess(res['max_pressure_pa'], 25e5)
+        for e in res['exotherms']:                                                                        # truncated by the end pressure
+            if not e['complete']:
+                self.assertEqual(e['kinetics']['quality'], 'incomplete_exotherm')
+        h = loaded(load=dict(load, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=10.0), method=dict(end_temperature_k=503.15, max_pressure_pa=MAX_PRESSURE_PA))
+        res = run(h)
+        self.assertIn(res['terminal_reason'], ('PRESSURE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED', 'END_PRESSURE_REACHED'))
+
+    def test25_iso_modes_and_ramp(self):
+        iso = dict(mode='iso_fixed', iso_temperature_k=373.15, iso_hours=6.0, end_temperature_k=493.15)
+        res = run(loaded(method=iso))
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'no_exotherm_detected')
+        self.assertTrue(any(abs(p['sample_k'] - 373.15) < 0.6 for p in res['points'] if p['stage'] == 'iso'))
+        track = dict(iso, mode='iso_track', iso_temperature_k=398.15, iso_hours=30.0)
+        res = run(loaded(method=track))
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'valid')
+        self.assertEqual(res['exotherms'][0]['conditions'], 'adiabatic')
+        self.assertGreater(res['exotherms'][0]['delta_t_observed_k'], 60.0)
+        ramp = dict(mode='ramp', heat_rate_k_min=1.0, end_temperature_k=433.15)
+        res = run(loaded(load=dict(reactant_mass_fraction=0.0, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=None), method=ramp))
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'no_exotherm_detected')
+        temps = [p['jacket_k'] for p in res['points'] if p['stage'] == 'ramp']
+        slope_ = (temps[-1] - temps[10]) / ((len(temps) - 11) * METHOD_EXAMPLE['data_interval_s'] / 60.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(slope_ - 1.0), 0.1)
+
+    def test25b_iso_fixed_and_ramp_detect_self_heating(self):
+        # Iso-Fixed at 125 degC: DTBP self-heats above the 0.02 K/min threshold; the jacket holds, the event is non-adiabatic
+        res = run(loaded(method=dict(mode='iso_fixed', iso_temperature_k=398.15, iso_hours=30.0, end_temperature_k=493.15)))
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'valid')
+        e = res['exotherms'][0]
+        self.assertEqual((e['conditions'], e['delta_t_adiabatic_k'], e['heat_released_j'], e['kinetics']['quality']), ('isothermal_jacket', None, None, 'not_adiabatic'))
+        self.assertGreater(e['max_excess_over_jacket_k'], 0.3)
+        # a 2 K/min ramp: the runaway overtakes the jacket, the instrument changes to adiabatic mode and resumes the ramp afterwards
+        h = loaded(method=dict(mode='ramp', heat_rate_k_min=2.0, end_temperature_k=563.15))
+        res = run(h)
+        e = res['exotherms'][0]
+        self.assertEqual(e['conditions'], 'adiabatic')
+        self.assertGreater(e['delta_t_observed_k'], 40.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.sample['alpha'], 0.99)
+        stages = [p['stage'] for p in res['points']]
+        first = stages.index('exotherm')
+        self.assertIn('ramp', stages[stages.index('ramp', first) if 'ramp' in stages[first:] else len(stages):])   # ramp resumes after the event
+        self.assertEqual(res['terminal_reason'], 'RAMP_COMPLETE')
+
+    def test26_conservation_and_unloading(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        res = run(h, limit_h=40.0)
+        L = call(h, 'ledger.read')
+        prov = call(h, 'provenance.read')
+        self.assertIn(DTBP, prov['loaded_template'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(prov['operations']), 1)
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['energy_residual_j']), 1e-9 * max(1.0, L['heater_energy_j'] + L['reaction_heat_j']))
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['reactant_residual_mol']), 1e-12 * L['reactant_loaded_mol'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(L['gas_residual_mol']), 1e-12 * max(L['gas_generated_mol'], 1e-30))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['reaction_heat_j'], h.sample['n_r0'] * h.sample['alpha'] * h.sample['M_r'] * h.sample['dH'], delta=1e-6)
+        call(h, 'lid.set', open=True); h.step(3.0)
+        out = call(h, 'sample.unload')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['vented_gas_mol'], L['gas_generated_mol'], delta=1e-12)
+        L2 = h.ledger()
+        self.assertLess(abs(L2['energy_residual_j']), 1e-9 * max(1.0, L2['heater_energy_j']))
+        self.assertEqual(L2['gas_in_container_mol'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(res['phase'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test27_interlocks_and_hot_unload(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        call(h, 'test.start')
+        for k, a, code in (('tray.move', dict(extend=True), 'TEST_ACTIVE'), ('lid.set', dict(open=True), 'TEST_ACTIVE'), ('sample.unload', {}, 'TEST_ACTIVE')):
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke(k, **a)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), code)
+        h.step(3 * 3600.0)
+        call(h, 'test.stop')
+        call(h, 'lid.set', open=True); h.step(3.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.T_s, UNLOAD_MAX_K)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke('sample.unload')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'SAMPLE_TOO_HOT')
+        while h.T_s > UNLOAD_MAX_K:
+            h.step(600.0)
+        call(h, 'sample.unload')
+        h2 = loaded()
+        call(h2, 'tray.move', extend=True); h2.step(0.5)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            h2.invoke('test.start')
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'TRAY_NOT_DOCKED')
+        h2.step(5.0); call(h2, 'tray.move', extend=False); h2.step(5.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h2.read('agent')['tray.docked'])
+
+    def test28_power_off_cancels_and_step_splitting(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        call(h, 'test.start'); h.step(3600.0)
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual(call(h, 'test.result')['validity'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read('agent')['sample.indicated_k'])
+        a, b = loaded(), loaded()
+        call(a, 'test.start'); call(b, 'test.start')
+        a.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        for _ in range(360):
+            b.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns, b.time_ns)
+        self.assertEqual((a.T_s, a.T_j, a.test['stage'], len(a.test['points'])), (b.T_s, b.T_j, b.test['stage'], len(b.test['points'])))   # same 1 s cycle grid
+        c = loaded()
+        call(c, 'test.start')
+        for _ in range(int(3600 / 0.7)):
+            c.step(0.7)                                                                                   # host steps off the cycle grid
+        a2 = loaded(); call(a2, 'test.start'); a2.step(c.time_s - a2.time_s)
+        self.assertLess(abs(a2.T_s - c.T_s), 1e-3)
+
+    def test29_analysis_kinetics_pure_function(self):
+        tk = templates()[DTBP]['kinetics']
+        T0, Tf = 383.0, 473.0
+        temps, rates = [], []
+        for i in range(1, 60):
+            T = T0 + (Tf - T0) * i / 60
+            k = tk['A_per_s'] * math.exp(-tk['Ea_J_mol'] / (GAS_CONSTANT * T))
+            temps.append(T); rates.append(k * (Tf - T) * 60.0)
+        out = call(configured(), 'analysis.kinetics', temperatures_k=temps, self_heat_rates_k_min=rates, onset_temperature_k=T0, final_temperature_k=Tf, phi=1.48, n=1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['activation_energy_j_mol'], tk['Ea_J_mol'], delta=1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['log10_a_per_s'], math.log10(tk['A_per_s']), delta=1e-4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['delta_t_adiabatic_k'], 1.48 * 90.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            configured().invoke('analysis.kinetics', temperatures_k=temps, self_heat_rates_k_min=rates[:-1], onset_temperature_k=T0, final_temperature_k=Tf, phi=1.48, n=1.0)
+
+    def test30_panel_readings_carry_measurement_noise(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        call(h, 'test.start')
+        diffs = []
+        for _ in range(200):
+            h.step(15.0)
+            a = h.read('agent')
+            self.assertEqual(a, h.read('agent'))
+            diffs.append(a['sample.indicated_k'] - h.T_s)
+        mean = sum(diffs) / len(diffs)
+        sd = math.sqrt(sum((d - mean) ** 2 for d in diffs) / len(diffs))
+        self.assertGreater(sd, 0.002)                                                             # noisy, not the quantised truth
+        self.assertLess(abs(mean - PLANT_EXAMPLE['sample_tc_offset_k']), 0.005)
+        self.assertLess(max(abs(d) for d in diffs), 0.05)
+
+    def test31_metadata_exports_every_capability_and_slot(self):
+        meta = export_netzsch_mmc315_contract_metadata()
+        self.assertEqual(set(meta['capabilities']), set(CAPS))
+        self.assertEqual(set(meta['state_slots']), set(SLOTS))
+        slots = meta['state_slots']
+        pre = {json.dumps(c['preconditions'], ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True) for c in meta['capabilities'].values() if c['preconditions']}
+        self.assertGreater(len(pre), 7)
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            validate(c['input_schema'], c['example_arguments'])
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertNotEqual(e['meaning_zh'], e['code'], k)
+            for sid in c['observes'] + [x for p in c['preconditions'] for x in p['state_ids']]:
+                self.assertIn(sid, slots, k)
+            if c['visibility'] == 'agent':
+                self.assertTrue(all(slots[sid]['visibility'] == 'agent' for sid in c['observes']), k)
+            self.assertTrue(c['source_ids'], k)
+        for k, s in slots.items():
+            if s['origin'] == 'process_truth':
+                self.assertIn(s['visibility'], ('evaluator', 'debug'))
+        params = meta['mechanisms']['arc_calorimetry']['parameters']
+        for k in ('iso_temperature_k', 'sample_cp_j_kg_k', 'heat_of_decomposition_j_kg', 'gas_yield_mol_per_mol'):
+            self.assertIn(k, params)
+        for k in ('sample_cp_j_kg_k', 'container_cp_j_kg_k', 'gas_yield_mol_per_mol'):
+            self.assertIn('反推', params[k]['meaning_zh'], k)
+        self.assertIn('TEST_ACTIVE', [e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities']['sample.unload']['errors']])
+        self.assertIn('plant.configured', meta['capabilities']['sample.load']['preconditions'][0]['state_ids'])
+        for k in ('test.stop', 'power.set'):
+            self.assertIn('test.exotherm_count', CAPS[k]['effects'])
+
+    def test32_end_rate_ignores_programmed_heating(self):
+        inert = dict(reactant_mass_fraction=0.0, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=None)
+        res = run(loaded(load=inert, method=dict(end_temperature_k=373.15, heat_rate_k_min=2.0, max_rate_k_min=1.0)))
+        self.assertNotEqual(res['terminal_reason'], 'END_RATE_REACHED')
+        res = run(loaded(load=inert, method=dict(mode='ramp', heat_rate_k_min=5.0, max_rate_k_min=5.0, end_temperature_k=423.15)))
+        self.assertIn(res['terminal_reason'], ('END_TEMPERATURE_REACHED', 'RAMP_COMPLETE'))
+        self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'no_exotherm_detected')
+
+    def test33_shortest_search_window_still_detects(self):
+        res = run(loaded(method=dict(search_min=5.0, wait_min=15.0, end_temperature_k=503.15)))
+        ref = templates()[DTBP]['arc_reference']
+        e = res['exotherms'][0]
+        self.assertLess(abs(e['onset_temperature_k'] - 273.15 - ref['detection_temperature_C']), 3.0)
+        self.assertGreater(e['delta_t_observed_k'], 80.0)
+
+    def test34_controller_stable_and_host_step_independent(self):
+        plant = dict(jacket_heat_capacity_j_k=400.0, controller_gain_w_k=200.0)                          # loop gain exactly at the 0.5 bound
+        inert = dict(reactant_mass_fraction=0.0, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=None)
+        runs = []
+        for dt in (60.0, 1.0):
+            h = loaded(load=inert, plant=plant, method=dict(end_temperature_k=373.15))
+            runs.append((run(h, dt=dt), h))
+        for res, h in runs:
+            self.assertEqual(res['validity'], 'no_exotherm_detected')
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0][0], runs[1][0])                                                          # identical record: 1 s cycle, not host steps
+
+    def test35_pressure_continuous_across_tc_and_readings_saturate(self):
+        h = loaded(load=dict(reactant_mass_fraction=0.0, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=None))
+        Tc = LIB['solvents']['toluene']['critical_temperature_K']
+        lo, hi = h._pressure_true(Tc - 1e-4), h._pressure_true(Tc + 1e-4)
+        self.assertLess(abs(hi / lo - 1), 1e-5)
+        self.assertEqual(h._ind_p(400e5), 150e5)
+        self.assertEqual(h._ind_T(2000.0), TC_RANGE_MAX_K)
+
+    def test36_overtemperature_cut_off(self):
+        load = dict(sample_mass_kg=3.0e-3, reactant_mass_fraction=1.0, solvent='none', liquid_density_kg_m3=796.0, sample_cp_j_kg_k=2000.0,
+                    heat_of_decomposition_j_kg=2.5e6, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=0.1)
+        res = run(loaded(load=load, plant=CALIBRATED, method=dict(end_temperature_k=673.15, max_rate_k_min=50.0, max_pressure_pa=MAX_PRESSURE_PA)))
+        self.assertIn(res['terminal_reason'], ('TEMPERATURE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED', 'END_RATE_REACHED', 'END_TEMPERATURE_REACHED'))
+        h = loaded(load=load, plant=CALIBRATED, method=dict(end_temperature_k=673.15, max_rate_k_min=50.0, max_pressure_pa=MAX_PRESSURE_PA))
+        call(h, 'test.start'); h.step(2.0)
+        h.T_s = OVERTEMPERATURE_K + 1.0                                                                   # white-box: force the cut-off path
+        h.step(2.0)
+        r = call(h, 'test.result')
+        self.assertEqual((r['phase'], r['validity'], r['terminal_reason']), ('failed', 'temperature_limit_exceeded', 'TEMPERATURE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED'))
+
+    def test37_exotherm_overflow_is_counted(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        call(h, 'test.start'); h.step(5.0)
+        for _ in range(MAX_EXOTHERMS + 3):                                                                # white-box: open/close more events than recorded
+            h._open_exotherm(h._meas_Ts(), h._meas_p(), 'adiabatic'); h._close_exotherm(complete=True)
+        h.test['stage'] = 'heat'
+        r = call(h, 'test.result')
+        self.assertEqual((len(r['exotherms']), r['exotherm_count'], r['exotherms_dropped']), (MAX_EXOTHERMS, MAX_EXOTHERMS + 3, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('agent')['test.exotherm_count'], MAX_EXOTHERMS + 3)
+
+    def test38_long_hws_reduces_data_instead_of_failing(self):
+        inert = dict(reactant_mass_fraction=0.0, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=None, solvent='none')             # non-volatile inert: no solvent pressure at 500 degC
+        res = run(loaded(load=inert, method=dict(start_temperature_k=323.15, end_temperature_k=773.15, data_interval_s=5.0)), limit_h=80.0)
+        self.assertEqual((res['phase'], res['validity']), ('succeeded', 'no_exotherm_detected'))
+        self.assertLessEqual(len(res['points']), MAX_POINTS)
+        self.assertGreater(res['data_interval_s'], 5.0)
+
+    def test39_tracking_follows_at_most_50_k_per_min(self):
+        load = dict(sample_mass_kg=1.0e-3, reactant_mass_fraction=1.0, solvent='none', container_mass_kg=4.0e-3, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=0.3)
+        h = loaded(load=load, plant=dict(CALIBRATED, jacket_heater_max_w=5000.0), method=dict(end_temperature_k=673.15, max_rate_k_min=50.0, max_pressure_pa=MAX_PRESSURE_PA))
+        call(h, 'test.start')
+        hist, fastest = [], 0.0
+        while h._test_active() and h.time_s < 40 * 3600:
+            h.step(5.0)
+            hist.append((h.time_s, h.T_j))
+            if len(hist) > 6:
+                t0, T0 = hist[-7]
+                fastest = max(fastest, (h.T_j - T0) / (h.time_s - t0) * 60.0)
+        self.assertLess(fastest, 50.0 * 1.05)
+        self.assertGreater(fastest, 20.0)
+
+    def test40_iso_track_detection_not_early(self):
+        tpl = templates()[DTBP]
+        quiet = dict(tc_noise_k=0.0, pressure_noise_pa=0.0, sample_tc_offset_k=0.0, jacket_tc_offset_k=0.0)
+        # quiet plant: conversion during the slow approach (~8 %) and one search window put detection ~1 K above the zero-conversion threshold;
+        # default plant: the thermocouple offset mismatch heats the sample by ~0.003 K/min and detects ~1 K earlier
+        for plant, lo, hi in ((quiet, 0.1, 1.5), (None, 1.5, 3.0)):
+            h = loaded(plant=plant, method=dict(mode='iso_track', iso_temperature_k=373.15, iso_hours=40.0, end_temperature_k=493.15))
+            res = run(h)
+            s = h.sample
+            T_thr = threshold_temperature(tpl, s['m_r'] * s['dH'] / s['C_s'], METHOD_EXAMPLE['threshold_k_min'])
+            on = res['exotherms'][0]['onset_temperature_k']
+            self.assertTrue(T_thr - lo <= on <= T_thr + hi, (plant, on, T_thr))
+
+    def test41_jacket_mode_programme_and_sealed_air(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        p0 = h.read('agent')['pressure.indicated_pa']
+        self.assertLess(abs(p0 - PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_pressure_pa'] - PLANT_EXAMPLE['pressure_offset_pa']), 3 * PLANT_EXAMPLE['pressure_noise_pa'] + 1000.0)
+        call(h, 'test.start')
+        seen = {}
+        while h._test_active() and h.time_s < 12 * 3600:
+            h.step(30.0)
+            a = h.read('agent')
+            seen.setdefault(a['test.stage'], set()).add((a['jacket.mode'], a['test.step_target_k'] is None))
+        self.assertEqual(seen['search'], {('adiabatic_tracking', False)})
+        self.assertEqual(seen['wait'], {('isothermal_hold', False)})
+        self.assertTrue(seen['exotherm'] <= {('adiabatic_tracking', True)})
+
+    def test43_iso_time_enforced_during_events(self):
+        h = loaded(method=dict(mode='iso_fixed', iso_temperature_k=398.15, iso_hours=2.0, end_temperature_k=493.15))
+        call(h, 'test.start')
+        start = h.time_s
+        while h._test_active() and h.time_s - start < 40 * 3600:
+            h.step(60.0)
+            if h.test['stage'] == 'cool':
+                break
+        self.assertEqual(h.test['end_reason'], 'ISO_TIME_ELAPSED')
+        self.assertLess(h.time_s - start, 2.0 * 3600 + 120.0)
+        r = call(h, 'test.result')
+        self.assertTrue(r['exotherms'] and r['exotherms'][0]['conditions'] == 'isothermal_jacket')
+
+    def test44_iso_approach_detects_runaways(self):
+        # at 150 degC DTBP runs away while the jacket is still approaching / settling at the iso temperature
+        res = run(loaded(method=dict(mode='iso_track', iso_temperature_k=423.15, iso_hours=6.0, end_temperature_k=563.15)))
+        e = res['exotherms'][0]
+        self.assertEqual(e['conditions'], 'adiabatic')
+        self.assertGreater(e['delta_t_observed_k'], 40.0)
+        h = loaded(method=dict(mode='iso_fixed', iso_temperature_k=423.15, iso_hours=6.0, end_temperature_k=563.15))
+        res = run(h)
+        e = res['exotherms'][0]
+        self.assertEqual(e['conditions'], 'isothermal_jacket')
+        self.assertGreater(e['max_excess_over_jacket_k'], 5.0)                                         # the peak, not only the tail
+        self.assertGreater(e['delta_t_observed_k'], 0.5)
+
+    def test45_hws_heat_step_runaway_is_recorded(self):
+        load = dict(sample_mass_kg=1.0e-3, reactant_mass_fraction=1.0, solvent='none', container_mass_kg=4.0e-3, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=0.3)
+        res = run(loaded(load=load, plant=CALIBRATED, method=dict(start_temperature_k=433.15, end_temperature_k=673.15, max_rate_k_min=50.0, max_pressure_pa=MAX_PRESSURE_PA)))
+        self.assertTrue(res['exotherms'], res['terminal_reason'])
+        self.assertEqual(res['exotherms'][0]['conditions'], 'adiabatic')
+        self.assertLess(res['exotherms'][0]['onset_temperature_k'], 433.15)                            # detected during the first heat step
+
+    def test46_lab_ambient_and_owner_flag_per_role(self):
+        h = loaded()
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent'); h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        a1, ev = h.session('a1'), h.session('ev')
+        val = lambda s_, k: s_.read(instance_id='mmc315_01', state_ids=[k])['observations'][k]['value']  # noqa: E731
+        self.assertEqual(val(a1, 'lab.ambient_k'), PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'])
+        self.assertIsNone(NetzschMmc315Runtime().read('agent')['lab.ambient_k'])
+        a1.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.start', arguments={}, request_id='go')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual((val(a1, 'test.started_by_other_agent'), val(ev, 'test.started_by_other_agent')), (False, False))
+        self.assertEqual(ev.invoke(instance_id='mmc315_01', capability_id='test.stop', arguments={}, request_id='st')['status'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test47_noise_bound_and_no_false_events(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            NetzschMmc315Runtime().invoke('plant.configure', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, tc_noise_k=0.03))
+        self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+        inert = dict(reactant_mass_fraction=0.0, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=None)
+        for seed in (1, 2, 3):
+            plant = dict(tc_noise_k=TC_NOISE_MAX_K, noise_seed=seed, sample_tc_offset_k=0.01, jacket_tc_offset_k=-0.01)     # noise and pair at their bounds
+            for method in (dict(end_temperature_k=383.15), dict(mode='iso_fixed', iso_temperature_k=398.15, iso_hours=3.0, end_temperature_k=493.15)):
+                h = loaded(load=inert, plant=plant, method=method)
+                lim = h.read('agent')['test.detection_limit_k_min']
+                call(h, 'method.configure', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, **method, threshold_k_min=1.05 * lim))                  # the noisiest accepted plant
+                res = run(h, limit_h=20.0)
+                self.assertEqual((res['phase'], res['validity']), ('succeeded', 'no_exotherm_detected'), (seed, method))
+
+    def test48_detection_limit_uses_plant_sample_and_search(self):
+        strong = dict(sample_jacket_conductance_w_k=2.0, jacket_heater_max_w=5000.0)
+        for pair in (dict(sample_tc_offset_k=0.01, jacket_tc_offset_k=-0.01), dict(sample_tc_offset_k=0.0, jacket_tc_offset_k=0.0)):
+            h = loaded(plant=dict(strong, **pair))                                                        # G_sj/C_s amplifies drift and injected noise
+            self.assertGreater(h.read('agent')['test.detection_limit_k_min'], METHOD_EXAMPLE['threshold_k_min'])
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke('test.start')
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'THRESHOLD_BELOW_DETECTION_LIMIT')
+        h = loaded()
+        lim = h.read('agent')['test.detection_limit_k_min']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(lim, detection_limit_k_min(PLANT_EXAMPLE, h.sample['C_s'], METHOD_EXAMPLE['search_min']), places=12)
+        self.assertLess(lim, METHOD_EXAMPLE['threshold_k_min'])                                          # the NETZSCH example is usable
+        for f, ok in ((0.999, False), (1.001, True)):                                                   # the slot is exactly the refusal boundary
+            call(h, 'method.configure', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, threshold_k_min=f * lim))
+            if ok:
+                call(h, 'test.start'); self.assertTrue(h._test_active())
+            else:
+                with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+                    h.invoke('test.start')
+                self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'THRESHOLD_BELOW_DETECTION_LIMIT')
+
+    def test51_slope_standard_error_matches_tracking_data(self):
+        # stationary adiabatic storage of an inert sample: the spread of 180 s regression slopes follows the analytic standard error
+        import statistics
+        plant = dict(tc_noise_k=0.003, sample_jacket_conductance_w_k=2.0, jacket_heater_max_w=5000.0, sample_tc_offset_k=0.0, jacket_tc_offset_k=0.0)
+        h = loaded(load=dict(reactant_mass_fraction=0.0, gas_yield_mol_per_mol=None), plant=plant,
+                   method=dict(mode='iso_track', iso_temperature_k=348.15, iso_hours=30.0, end_temperature_k=493.15, threshold_k_min=1.0, search_min=240.0))
+        call(h, 'test.start'); h.step(2 * 3600)
+        t0, buf = h.time_s, []
+        for _ in range(4 * 60):
+            h.step(60.0)
+            buf.extend(q for q in h.rate_buf if q[0] > (buf[-1][0] if buf else t0))
+        sl = [slope(buf[i:i + 180]) for i in range(0, len(buf) - 180, 180)]
+        sd = statistics.pstdev(sl)
+        analytic = slope_standard_error(0.003, 2.0, h.sample['C_s'], 180.0) / INJECTION_FACTOR * 1.0
+        pure = math.sqrt(24 * 0.003 ** 2 * TC_NOISE_TAU_S / 180.0 ** 3 + 0.01 ** 2 / 180.0 ** 3 + (2.0 / h.sample['C_s'] * 2 * 0.003 * math.sqrt(TC_NOISE_TAU_S / 180.0)) ** 2)
+        self.assertTrue(0.7 * pure < sd < 1.3 * pure, (sd, pure, analytic))
+        self.assertGreater(slope_standard_error(0.003, 2.0, h.sample['C_s'], 180.0), sd)                # the limit uses a larger (safe) value
+
+    def test50_iso_fixed_event_ends_with_a_pair_at_the_bound(self):
+        plant = dict(tc_noise_k=TC_NOISE_MAX_K, sample_tc_offset_k=0.01, jacket_tc_offset_k=-0.01)
+        # at 150 degC DTBP is consumed within a few hours (at 125 degC the tail lasts > 20 h, so an event there rightly stays open)
+        h = loaded(plant=plant, method=dict(mode='iso_fixed', iso_temperature_k=423.15, iso_hours=12.0, end_temperature_k=563.15, threshold_k_min=0.1))
+        res = run(h)
+        e = res['exotherms'][0]
+        self.assertTrue(e['complete'])                                                                   # ends on its own, well before the 12 h
+        self.assertGreater(h.sample['alpha'], 0.999)
+        self.assertEqual(res['terminal_reason'], 'ISO_TIME_ELAPSED')
+
+    def test49_iso_track_runaway_past_the_ageing_time_completes(self):
+        h = loaded(method=dict(mode='iso_track', iso_temperature_k=398.15, iso_hours=1.0, end_temperature_k=493.15))
+        res = run(h)
+        e = res['exotherms'][0]
+        self.assertTrue(e['complete'])
+        self.assertEqual((e['conditions'], e['kinetics']['quality']), ('adiabatic', 'ok'))
+        self.assertGreater(e['delta_t_observed_k'], 60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(res['terminal_reason'], 'ISO_TIME_ELAPSED')
+
+    def test42_weak_exotherm_fit_is_flagged(self):
+        load = dict(reactant_mass_fraction=0.004)
+        res = run(loaded(load=load, method=dict(end_temperature_k=503.15)))
+        qualities = {e['kinetics']['quality'] for e in res['exotherms']}
+        self.assertTrue(not res['exotherms'] or qualities - {'ok'} or all(40e3 <= e['kinetics']['activation_energy_j_mol'] <= 400e3 for e in res['exotherms']))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_newera_ne1000.py b/tests/test_asset_newera_ne1000.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..801cdb956f9cb823f7097f7e59e6980113077c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_newera_ne1000.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1295 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-184 newera_ne1000 (New Era NE-1000 single-syringe programmable pump): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_newera_ne1000.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; speed limits (5.1005 cm/min, 0.004205 cm/hr) against the manual's syringe table; dispensed volume by the set
+diameter vs true delivery by the true diameter; compliance start-up lag and tail flow with an air bubble; occlusion, collar and bottom-out stall
+(StAL, paused, any key clears); withdrawal from a reservoir, air intake and cavitation; 41-phase programs (RAT, PAS, LPS/LOP, FIL, INC/DEC, JMP,
+EVN, OUT, CLD, STP); TTL inputs held >= 100 ms; keypad editing with the 2 s commit, oor, ----, LoC-; RS-232 Basic protocol; power-on clearing and
+power-failure restart; purge at top speed; idle skipping exact; liquid ledger closes."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import newera_ne1000 as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'newera_ne1000_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+MH = 1e-6 / 3600.0
+UH = 1e-9 / 3600.0
+ML = 1e-6
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.NeweraNe1000Runtime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            allowed = set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, [])) | (set(rt.ON_STEP['sim.step']) if cap == 'sim.step' else set())
+            extra = changed - allowed
+            assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_newera_ne1000_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def truth(self):
+        return self.read('truth.process')
+
+    def on(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+
+    def setup(self, syringe='bd_60ml', fill=50 * ML, air=0.0, liquid='water', tubing='ptfe_0p8mm', length=0.5, needle='none', back=0.0, reservoir=0.0, power=True):
+        if power:
+            self.on()
+        self.call(self.A, 'syringe.load', syringe=syringe, liquid_id=liquid, fill_volume_m3=fill, air_volume_m3=air)
+        self.call(self.A, 'outlet.connect', tubing=tubing, tubing_length_m=length, needle=needle, backpressure_pa=back, reservoir_liquid_m3=reservoir)
+        if power:
+            self.call(self.A, 'syringe.set_diameter', diameter_m=rt.SYR[syringe]['inside_diameter_m'])
+
+    def key(self, k):
+        return self.call(self.A, 'keypad.press', key=k)['display']
+
+    def serial(self, cmd):
+        return self.call(self.A, 'serial.send', command=cmd)['response']
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+    def events(self, who=None):
+        return [e['code'] for e in self.call(who or self.E, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+
+
+def _balance(test, L):
+    test.assertLess(abs(L['liquid_balance_m3']), 1e-15 + 1e-12 * L['placed_m3'], L)
+    test.assertLess(abs(L['geometric_balance_m3']), 1e-15 + 1e-12 * L['placed_m3'], L)       # barrel volume behind the plunger = liquid + air - compression
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k] = codes
+    name = {'_cmd_' + c.replace('.', '_'): c for c in rt.CAPS}
+    swallowed = {'keypad.press': {'ALARM_ACTIVE', 'NOT_APPLICABLE', 'OUT_OF_RANGE', 'DIAMETER_NOT_SET', 'PROGRAM_OPERATING', 'UNITS_WHILE_PUMPING', 'ALREADY_RUNNING'},
+                 'serial.send': {'ALARM_ACTIVE', 'NOT_APPLICABLE', 'OUT_OF_RANGE', 'DIAMETER_NOT_SET', 'PROGRAM_OPERATING', 'UNITS_WHILE_PUMPING', 'ALREADY_RUNNING',
+                                 'UNKNOWN_COMMAND'},
+                 'power.set': {'DIAMETER_NOT_SET'}, 'power.toggle': {'DIAMETER_NOT_SET'}, 'fault.inject': {'DIAMETER_NOT_SET'}}
+    # keypad and RS-232 errors become display messages / '?' replies; the power-failure restart is guarded by `if self.diameter`
+    return {name[k]: v - swallowed.get(name[k], set()) for k, v in out.items() if k in name}
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_consistent(self):
+        m = rt.export_newera_ne1000_contract_metadata()
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], m['state_slots'], (k, e))
+            for p in c['preconditions']:
+                for s in p['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(s, m['state_slots'], (k, s))
+        for s in rt.SCENE_MIRRORED:
+            self.assertIn(s, rt.SLOTS)
+            self.assertEqual(rt.SLOTS[s]['visibility'], 'agent')
+        units = {p['unit'] for p in m['mechanisms']['syringe_pump_process']['parameters'].values()}
+        self.assertFalse(units & {'in', 'cm/min', 'lbf'}, units)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='metadata_consistent'))
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        m = rt.export_newera_ne1000_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in m['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertFalse(codes - declared, (cap, codes - declared))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        obs = g.A.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        for cap, args in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='occlusion', active=True)), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)),
+                          ('plant.configure', dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)), ('medium.configure', dict(syringe_id_error=0.01))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        d = g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.inspect', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertNotIn('truth.process', d['state_slots'])
+        g.setup(fill=20 * ML, reservoir=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'direction.set', direction='WDR')
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=500 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(20.0)                                                                    # draws air from an empty outlet: truth event only
+        self.assertIn('AIR_DRAWN', g.events())
+        self.assertNotIn('AIR_DRAWN', g.events(g.A))
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.toggle', arguments={}, request_id='same')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.toggle', arguments={}, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('power.on'))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='a'), Rig(instance='b')
+        a.setup()
+        a.call(a.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, units='MH')
+        a.call(a.A, 'pump.run')
+        a.step(30.0)
+        self.assertGreater(a.read('pusher.position_m'), 0.0)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+        self.assertEqual(b.read('pusher.position_m'), 0.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(b.read('syringe.state'))
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        def run(parts):
+            g = Rig(seed=7)
+            g.setup(fill=30 * ML, air=0.5 * ML, needle='27g', back=2.0e4, reservoir=50 * ML)
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='RAT', rate_m3_s=300 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=2 * ML, direction='INF')
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='PAS', parameter=7)
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=3)
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=1 * ML, direction='WDR')
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=4)
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='STP')
+            g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+            for dt in parts:
+                g.step(dt)
+            r = g.h.read('evaluator')
+            return json.dumps({k: r[k] for k in r if k != 'clock.time_s'}, sort_keys=True, default=float), g.ledger()
+        a, la = run([60.0])
+        b, lb = run([0.05] * 1200)
+        c, lc = run([7.33] * 8 + [1.36])
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a, c)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(la, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(lb, sort_keys=True))
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', expect='POWER_OFF', rate_m3_s=10 * MH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.unload', expect='NO_SYRINGE')
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.load', expect='OVERFILL', syringe='bd_10ml', liquid_id='water', fill_volume_m3=11 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.load', expect='SYRINGE_TOO_LONG', syringe='monoject_140ml', liquid_id='water', fill_volume_m3=140 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'ttl.set', expect='NOT_AN_INPUT', pin=5, level=0)
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', expect='DIAMETER_NOT_SET', rate_m3_s=10 * MH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run', expect='DIAMETER_NOT_SET')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', expect='DIAMETER_NOT_SET', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.set_diameter', diameter_m=0.02659)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', expect='OUT_OF_RANGE', rate_m3_s=1800 * MH)                       # 5.1005 cm/min x 5.553 cm2 = 1699 mL/h
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', expect='OUT_OF_RANGE', rate_m3_s=0.01 * MH)                       # below 0.004205 cm/hr
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='JMP', parameter=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', expect='NOT_APPLICABLE', rate_m3_s=10 * MH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', expect='NOT_APPLICABLE', volume_m3=1 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', expect='OUT_OF_RANGE', function='LOP', parameter=0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run', expect='ALREADY_RUNNING')
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.set_diameter', expect='PROGRAM_OPERATING', diameter_m=0.02)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', expect='UNITS_WHILE_PUMPING', rate_m3_s=1 * ML / 60.0, units='MM')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', expect='PROGRAM_OPERATING', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.load', expect='PROGRAM_OPERATING', syringe='bd_10ml', liquid_id='water', fill_volume_m3=1 * ML)
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=99))
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop', expect='POWER_OFF')
+
+
+class Delivery(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_speed_limits_match_syringe_table(self):
+        """The max rate of every syringe in the manual's 12.7 table is area x 5.1005 cm/min (rounded in the table)."""
+        for k, s in rt.SYR.items():
+            area = math.pi * s['inside_diameter_m'] ** 2 / 4.0
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(area * rt.V_MAX / s['max_rate_m3_s'], 1.0, delta=0.012, msg=k)
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        a = math.pi * 0.02659 ** 2 / 4.0
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=a * rt.V_MAX * (1 - 1e-12), units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=a * rt.V_MIN * (1 + 1e-9), units='UH')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.V_MAX, 5.1005e-2 / 60.0, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.V_MIN, 0.004205e-2 / 3600.0, places=15)
+
+    def test_volume_target_time_and_display(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=5 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.pumping'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), '100.0')
+        g.step(179.9)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'running')
+        g.step(0.2)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')                                  # 5 mL at 100 mL/h = 180 s
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], 5 * ML, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.truth()['delivered_m3'], 5 * ML, delta=0.01 * ML)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('indicator.pumping'))
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.ml') and g.read('indicator.hr'))
+        self.assertIn('PROGRAM_END', g.events())
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.truth()['delivered_m3'], 5 * ML, delta=1e-12)              # relaxed: the compressed volume has left
+        dx = g.read('pusher.position_m') - (rt.X_ZERO - 50 * ML / (math.pi * 0.02659 ** 2 / 4.0))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(dx, 5 * ML / (math.pi * 0.02659 ** 2 / 4.0), delta=1e-12)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_true_diameter_error_changes_delivery_not_display(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'medium.configure', syringe_id_error=0.02)
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=10 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(80.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], 10 * ML, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.truth()['delivered_m3'] / (10 * ML), 1.02 ** 2, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['syringe']['true_inside_diameter_m'], 0.02659 * 1.02)
+        g.call(g.E, 'medium.configure', expect='SYRINGE_LOADED', syringe_id_error=0.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_air_bubble_lag_and_tail_flow(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(fill=40 * ML, air=2 * ML, needle='30g', tubing='ptfe_0p5mm', length=2.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=50 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        T = g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['process']
+        self.assertLess(T['delivered_m3'], 0.9 * g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'])    # the bubble compresses first (tau = R C ~ 40 s)
+        self.assertGreater(T['pressure_pa'], 5e3)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        d_stop = g.truth()['delivered_m3']
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth()['delivered_m3'], d_stop + 1e-9)                           # tail flow after the motor stops
+        self.assertLess(abs(g.truth()['pressure_pa']), 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.truth()['delivered_m3'], g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], delta=1e-12)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_backpressure_and_viscosity_raise_force(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(syringe='bd_10ml', fill=8 * ML, needle='30g', back=1.0e5, liquid='glycerol' if 'glycerol' in rt.LIQ else 'ethylene_glycol')
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=30 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        T = g.truth()
+        a = math.pi * rt.SYR['bd_10ml']['inside_diameter_m'] ** 2 / 4.0
+        self.assertGreater(T['pressure_pa'], 1.0e5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(T['force_n'], T['pressure_pa'] * a + rt.ENG['friction_n']['plastic'], delta=1e-6)
+
+
+class Stall(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_occlusion_stalls_and_any_key_clears(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=200 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='occlusion', active=True)
+        for _ in range(600):
+            g.step(1.0)
+            if g.read('alarm.state'):
+                break
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'stall')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'StAL')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'paused')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('indicator.pumping'))
+        T = g.truth()
+        self.assertGreater(abs(T['force_n']) + rt.ENG['friction_n']['plastic'], rt.max_force(200 * MH / (math.pi * 0.02659 ** 2 / 4.0)))   # standing: pressure load
+        x = g.read('pusher.position_m')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pusher.position_m'), x)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', expect='ALARM_ACTIVE', rate_m3_s=100 * MH)
+        g.key('rate')
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('alarm.state'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'paused')
+        self.assertIn('STALL', g.events(g.A))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_collar_and_bottom_out(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(syringe='bd_10ml', fill=5 * ML)
+        x0 = g.read('pusher.position_m')
+        g.call(g.A, 'collar.set', expect='BEHIND_PUSHER', position_m=x0 - 0.001)
+        g.call(g.A, 'collar.set', position_m=x0 + 0.010)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('collar.joint_m'), x0 + 0.010)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=300 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'stall')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pusher.position_m'), x0 + 0.010, delta=1e-12)
+        g.key('start')                                                                  # clears the alarm only
+        g.call(g.A, 'collar.set', position_m=None)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('collar.joint_m'), rt.COLLAR_PARK)                # parked against the holder block (4.46 in)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(120.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'stall')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pusher.position_m'), rt.X_ZERO, delta=1e-12)      # plunger bottomed
+        self.assertLess(g.truth()['syringe']['liquid_m3'], 1e-12)
+        self.assertIn('stall', ' '.join(e['message_zh'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read')['events'] if e['code'] == 'STALL') + 'stall')
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_motor_failure_stalls(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='motor_failure', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'stall')
+
+
+class Withdraw(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_withdraw_from_reservoir_then_air(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(fill=10 * ML, reservoir=5 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'direction.set', direction='WDR')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.withdraw'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=8 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(60.0)
+        S = g.truth()['syringe']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(S['liquid_m3'], 15 * ML, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertGreater(S['air_m3_atm'], 2.5 * ML)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['withdrawn_m3'], 8 * ML)
+        L = g.ledger()
+        self.assertGreater(L['air_in_m3'], 2.5 * ML)
+        _balance(self, L)
+
+    def test_cavitation_on_fast_withdrawal_through_fine_needle(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(fill=5 * ML, needle='30g', tubing='ptfe_0p5mm', length=1.0, reservoir=100 * ML, liquid='glycerol' if 'glycerol' in rt.LIQ else 'water')
+        g.call(g.A, 'direction.set', direction='WDR')
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=1500 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        T = g.truth()
+        self.assertTrue(T['syringe']['cavitated'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(T['pressure_pa'], rt.ENG['cavitation_abs_pa'] - rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['pressure_pa'], delta=1.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.ledger()['gas_formed_m3'], 0.0)
+        self.assertIn('CAVITATION', g.events())
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+
+class Program(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _phase(self, g, n, **kw):
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=n)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', **kw)
+
+    def test_rate_pause_loop_stop(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(reservoir=100 * ML)
+        self._phase(g, 1, function='LPS')
+        self._phase(g, 2, function='RAT', rate_m3_s=360 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=1 * ML, direction='INF')
+        self._phase(g, 3, function='PAS', parameter=5)
+        self._phase(g, 4, function='LOP', parameter=3)
+        self._phase(g, 5, function='OUT', parameter=1)
+        self._phase(g, 6, function='STP')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'pause_timer')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'PS04')
+        g.step(4.0)
+        self.assertEqual((g.read('run.state'), g.read('run.phase')), ('running', 2))
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], 3 * ML, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('ttl.state')['outputs']['5'], 1)
+
+    def test_fill_inc_dec_jump(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(fill=30 * ML, reservoir=100 * ML)
+        self._phase(g, 1, function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=2 * ML, direction='INF')
+        self._phase(g, 2, function='INC', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=1 * ML, direction='INF')
+        self._phase(g, 3, function='DEC', rate_m3_s=900 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.5 * ML, direction='INF')
+        self._phase(g, 4, function='FIL', rate_m3_s=1200 * MH, rate_units='MH')
+        self._phase(g, 5, function='JMP', parameter=7)
+        self._phase(g, 6, function='BEP')
+        self._phase(g, 7, function='STP')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(12.1)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.phase'), 2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pump.rate_m3_s'), 1200 * MH, delta=1e-15)
+        g.step(3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.phase'), 3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pump.rate_m3_s'), 300 * MH, delta=1e-15)
+        g.step(6.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.phase'), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.direction'), 'WDR')
+        g.step(12.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['withdrawn_m3'], 3.5 * ML, delta=1e-15)  # FIL refills all 3.5 mL dispensed since the last clear
+        self.assertNotIn('BEEP', g.events())
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_out_of_range_phase_alarm(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        self._phase(g, 1, function='RAT', rate_m3_s=1500 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=1 * ML, direction='INF')
+        self._phase(g, 2, function='INC', rate_m3_s=500 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=1 * ML, direction='INF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'out_of_range')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'or02')
+
+    def test_ttl_trigger_needs_100ms_and_event_trap(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        self._phase(g, 1, function='EVN', parameter=3)
+        self._phase(g, 2, function='RAT', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.0, direction='INF')
+        self._phase(g, 3, function='RAT', rate_m3_s=50 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.0, direction='INF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'ttl.set', pin=2, level=0)
+        g.step(0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'ttl.set', pin=2, level=1)                                        # 50 ms glitch: ignored
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        g.call(g.A, 'ttl.set', pin=2, level=0)
+        g.step(0.2)
+        self.assertEqual((g.read('run.state'), g.read('run.phase')), ('running', 2))
+        g.call(g.A, 'ttl.set', pin=4, level=0)
+        g.step(0.2)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.phase'), 3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pump.rate_m3_s'), 50 * MH, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('ttl.state')['outputs']['7'], 1)
+
+    def test_pause_resume_and_cancel(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=360 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=2 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'paused')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')                                # resumed: 2 mL total, not 2 mL more
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], 2 * ML, delta=1e-15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.key('start')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'paused')
+        g.key('rate')                                                                   # any other key cancels the pause
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+
+
+class Interface(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_keypad_edit_commit_and_messages(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        self.assertEqual(g.key('diameter'), '26.59')
+        self.assertEqual(g.key('rate'), '0.000')
+        g.key('up1')
+        g.key('up1')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), '2.000')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.h.phases[0]['rate_m3_s'], 0.0)
+        g.step(1.1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.h.phases[0]['rate_m3_s'], 2 * MH, delta=1e-18)        # stored 2 s after the last arrow key
+        g.key('diameter')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.mm'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), '26.59')
+        g.key('volume')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), ' oFF')
+        g.key('volume')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.dispensed'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'setup.configure', keypad_lockout=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.key('up1'), 'LoC-')
+        g.key('rate')
+        g.call(g.A, 'setup.configure', keypad_lockout=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='PAS', parameter=5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.key('volume')
+        self.assertEqual(g.key('up1'), '----')                                         # not applicable while pumping
+
+    def test_dispensed_clear_and_rollover_display(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=1200 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=1 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(4.0)
+        g.key('volume')
+        g.key('volume')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), '1.000')
+        g.key('up2')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], 0.0)
+        self.assertIn('DISPENSED_CLEARED', g.events(g.A))
+
+    def test_serial_basic_protocol(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(power=False)
+        g.on()
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('VER'), '00A?R')                                       # first reply after power-up reports the reset
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('VER'), '00SNE1000V3.923')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.rs232'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('DIA26.59'), '00S')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('DIA'), '00S26.59')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('RAT100MH'), '00S')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('RAT'), '00S100.0MH')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('RAT9999MH'), '00S?OOR')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('VOL2.5'), '00S')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('XYZ'), '00S?')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('5RUN'), '')                                            # another pump's address
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('RUN'), '00I')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('DIS'), '00II0.833W0.000ML')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('STP'), '00P')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('STP'), '00S')
+
+    def test_power_cycle_clears_dispensed_and_power_failure_restart(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        g.call(g.A, 'setup.configure', power_failure=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=True)
+        x = g.read('pusher.position_m')
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pusher.position_m'), x)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), '')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='mains_outage', active=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'running')                                 # power-failure mode restarts the program
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_purge_top_speed(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', on=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'PurG')
+        g.step(2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pump.rate_m3_s'), rt.V_MAX * math.pi * 0.02659 ** 2 / 4.0, delta=1e-15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', on=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], 2.0 * rt.V_MAX * math.pi * 0.02659 ** 2 / 4.0, delta=1e-12)
+
+    def test_toggle_clear_program_and_dispensed(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('power.on'))
+        g.setup(power=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.set_diameter', diameter_m=0.02659)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=3)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='BEP')
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', expect='NOT_APPLICABLE', rate_m3_s=10 * MH)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=360 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=0.5 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.clear', direction='WDR')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], 0.5 * ML, delta=1e-15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.clear', direction='BOTH')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'program.clear')['phases'], 1)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('program.state')['phases'][2])
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('power.on'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), '')
+
+    def test_idle_skip_exact_and_fast(self):
+        import time
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        t0 = time.time()
+        g.step(30 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertLess(time.time() - t0, 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('clock.time_s'), 30 * 86400.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.unload')
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+
+class RoundOneFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-1 review findings (R1-*, C1-*, G1-*)."""
+
+    def test_cavitation_conserves_volume(self):                                                   # R1-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(fill=10 * ML, tubing='ptfe_0p5mm', length=2.0, needle='30g', reservoir=100 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'direction.set', direction='WDR')
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=1500 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        for _ in range(4):
+            g.step(10.0)
+            S = g.truth()['syringe']
+            self.assertGreater(S['liquid_m3'], 10 * ML)                                             # liquid comes in while the plunger is pulled
+            _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        self.assertTrue(S['cavitated'])
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        g.step(600.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_rate_change_acts_on_the_running_phase(self):                                         # R1-02
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.5 * ML, direction='INF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='RAT', rate_m3_s=50 * 1e-9 / 60.0, rate_units='UM', volume_m3=0.0, direction='INF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(4.0)
+        g.serial('VER')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.phase'), 2)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.ul') and g.read('indicator.min'))                        # units of the executing phase
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('RAT'), '00I50.00UM')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('RAT60'), '00I')                                                  # 60 uL/min in phase 2 units, not mL/h of phase 1
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pump.rate_m3_s'), 60e-9 / 60.0, delta=1e-18)
+        ph = g.read('program.state')['phases']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ph[0]['rate_m3_s'], 600 * MH, delta=1e-18)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ph[1]['rate_m3_s'], 50e-9 / 60.0, delta=1e-18)                      # RS-232 while operating: not stored (manual 6.1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=70e-9 / 60.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('program.state')['phases'][1]['rate_m3_s'], 70e-9 / 60.0, delta=1e-18)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=0.0)                                                      # R1-04: a rate of 0.0 stops the pump
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('indicator.pumping'))
+
+    def test_keypad_follows_the_manual(self):                                                     # R1-03
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=360 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=0.1 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='PAS', parameter=0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.5)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'PAUS')
+        g.key('volume')                                                                              # PS:00 - any key but Start resets
+        self.assertEqual((g.read('run.state'), g.read('run.phase')), ('stopped', 1))
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.key('start')
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='RAT', rate_m3_s=360 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.0, direction='INF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(2.0)
+        g.key('start')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'paused')
+        g.key('rate')
+        g.key('up1')                                                                                 # an arrow cancels the pause in any mode (manual 7.7)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        g.step(2.2)
+        g.key('rate')                                                                                # rate shown: Rate again -> units change mode
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'UntS')
+        g.key('up1')
+        g.step(2.2)
+        ph = g.read('program.state')['phases'][0]
+        self.assertEqual((ph['rate_units'], round(ph['rate_m3_s'] / (1e-9 / 60.0), 6)), ('UM', 460.0))   # 460 mL/h -> 460 uL/min (in range: stored)
+        g.call(g.A, 'setup.configure', keypad_lockout=True)
+        self.assertEqual(g.key('diameter'), '26.59')                                                 # locked: settings can still be reviewed
+        self.assertEqual(g.key('up1'), 'LoC-')
+        g.key('rate')
+        g.call(g.A, 'ttl.set', pin=6, level=0)                                                       # the Lockout Disable Key grounds pin 6
+        g.step(0.2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(g.key('up1'), 'LoC-')
+
+    def test_units_change_mode(self):                                                             # R1-03 (6.6.1)
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=5 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.key('rate')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), 'UntS')
+        g.key('up1')                                                                                 # MH -> UM
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.ul') and g.read('indicator.min'))
+        g.key('volume')                                                                              # a non-arrow key stores the units
+        ph = g.read('program.state')['phases'][0]
+        self.assertEqual(ph['rate_units'], 'UM')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ph['rate_m3_s'], 5e-9 / 60.0, delta=1e-20)                           # the displayed number stays
+
+    def test_hidden_back_pressure_and_stall_values(self):                                         # C1-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.E, 'medium.configure', backpressure_pa=3.0e5)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('outlet.state', who=g.A)['backpressure_pa'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=1600 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'stall')
+        msgs = [e['message_zh'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read')['events'] if e['code'] == 'STALL']
+        self.assertTrue(msgs and not any(ch.isdigit() for m in msgs for ch in m), msgs)
+        self.assertIn('STALL_FORCE', g.events())
+        self.assertNotIn('STALL_FORCE', g.events(g.A))
+
+    def test_program_edit_resets_a_paused_program(self):                                         # C1-02
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=360 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=5 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(2.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'paused')
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.clear')                                                                 # declared run.state effect
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+
+    def test_event_order_and_power_cycle(self):                                                   # R1-05, R1-06
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=1200 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=0.01 * ML)
+        g.step(0.15)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        ev = g.call(g.E, 'events.read')['events']
+        t_run = max(e['time_s'] for e in ev if e['code'] == 'RUN')
+        t_end = max(e['time_s'] for e in ev if e['code'] == 'PROGRAM_END')
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(t_end, t_run)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='motor_failure', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'stall')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.toggle')
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('alarm.state'))                                                    # alarms do not survive a power cycle
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='motor_failure', active=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        d = g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3']
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.set_diameter', diameter_m=0.02659)                                       # same diameter: nothing cleared
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], d)
+
+    def test_serial_setup_commands(self):                                                         # C1-03
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.serial('VER')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('TRG LE'), '00S')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('TRG'), '00SLE')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('DIN1'), '00S')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('ROM1'), '00S')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('setup.state')['direction_input'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('setup.state')['motor_output'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('BUZ13'), '00S')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('DIRSTK'), '00S?NA')
+        for k in ('ttl.override_trigger', 'direction.sticky', 'program.entry_lockout'):              # R1-07
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.UNSUPPORTED)
+
+
+class RoundTwoFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-2 review findings (R2-*, C2-*)."""
+
+    def test_ttl_start_without_diameter_is_ignored(self):                                        # R2-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(power=False)
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'ttl.set', pin=2, level=0)
+        g.step(1.0)                                                                                  # sim.step is not rejected
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        self.assertIn('TRIGGER_IGNORED', g.events(g.A))
+
+    def test_collar_in_the_way_and_no_backward_jump(self):                                       # R2-02
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'collar.set', position_m=0.10)
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.load', expect='COLLAR_IN_THE_WAY', syringe='bd_60ml', liquid_id='water', fill_volume_m3=1 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'collar.set', position_m=None)
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.load', syringe='bd_60ml', liquid_id='water', fill_volume_m3=1 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'syringe.set_diameter', diameter_m=0.02659)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', on=True)
+        x = []
+        for _ in range(30):
+            g.step(0.1)
+            x.append(g.read('pusher.position_m'))
+        self.assertTrue(all(b >= a - 1e-15 for a, b in zip(x, x[1:])))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(x[-1], rt.X_ZERO, delta=1e-12)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_read_does_not_change_the_program(self):                                             # R2-03
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=0.1 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+        g.read()
+        g.h.read('agent')
+        self.assertIsNone(g.h.phases[1])
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual((g.read('run.state'), g.read('alarm.state')), ('stopped', None))           # empty phase 2 = implied stop
+
+    def test_restart_after_zero_rate(self):                                                       # R2-04
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        g.serial('VER')
+        g.serial('RAT0')                                                                             # RS-232 while operating: stops, not stored
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.pumping'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pump.rate_m3_s'), 600 * MH, delta=1e-18)
+
+    def test_disturbance_survives_a_reconnect(self):                                             # C2-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.E, 'medium.configure', backpressure_pa=1.0e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'outlet.connect', tubing='ptfe_0p8mm', tubing_length_m=0.5, needle='none', backpressure_pa=0.0)
+        g.step(2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.truth()['backpressure_pa'], 1.0e5)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('outlet.state', who=g.A)['backpressure_pa'], 0.0)
+
+
+class RoundThreeFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-3 review findings (R3-*, C3-*)."""
+
+    def test_rate_change_kept_paused_is_used_on_resume(self):                                     # R3-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        g.serial('VER')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('RATC50'), '00P')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'paused')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pump.rate_m3_s'), 50 * MH, delta=1e-18)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), '50.00')
+
+    def test_look_and_refused_paths_do_not_create_phases(self):                                    # R3-02
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=0.5 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+        g.key('diameter')
+        g.key('rate')
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.key('direction')                                                                           # refused while running a volume phase: '----'
+        g.call(g.A, 'ttl.set', pin=3, level=0)
+        g.step(0.2)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.h.phases[1])
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual((g.read('run.state'), g.read('alarm.state')), ('stopped', None))
+        self.assertIn('PROGRAM_END', g.events(g.A))
+
+    def test_disturbance_cleared_by_the_evaluator(self):                                          # C3-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.E, 'medium.configure', backpressure_pa=1.0e5)
+        g.call(g.E, 'medium.configure', clear_backpressure=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.truth()['backpressure_pa'], 0.0)
+        m = rt.export_newera_ne1000_contract_metadata()['capabilities']['medium.configure']
+        self.assertTrue(any('clear_backpressure' in x for x in m['limitations']), m['limitations'])
+
+
+class RoundFourFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-4 review findings (R4-*, C4-*, G4-*)."""
+
+    def _prog(self, g, phases):
+        for n, kw in enumerate(phases, 1):
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=n)
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', **kw)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+
+    def test_stop_and_resume_inside_a_pause(self):                                              # R4-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        self._prog(g, [dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.1 * ML, direction='INF'), dict(function='PAS', parameter=10),
+                       dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.1 * ML, direction='INF')])
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'pause_timer')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'pause_timer')                                     # the time left of PS:10 (8.6 s) continues
+        g.step(8.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.phase'), 2)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.phase'), 3)
+        g2 = Rig()
+        g2.setup()
+        self._prog(g2, [dict(function='PAS', parameter=0), dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.1 * ML, direction='INF')])
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'pump.run')
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'pump.stop')
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'pump.run')
+        self.assertEqual(g2.read('run.state'), 'user_wait')                                       # PS:00 waits again
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'pump.run')
+        g2.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g2.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+
+    def test_rate_c_while_paused(self):                                                         # R4-02
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        self._prog(g, [dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.0, direction='INF')])
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        g.serial('VER')
+        g.serial('RATC0')                                                                          # a rate of 0 stops: the pause is cancelled
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        g2 = Rig()
+        g2.setup()
+        self._prog(g2, [dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.1 * ML, direction='INF'),
+                        dict(function='INC', rate_m3_s=20 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.0, direction='INF')])
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'pump.run')
+        g2.step(5.0)
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'pump.stop')
+        g2.serial('VER')
+        self.assertEqual(g2.serial('RATC50'), '00P?NA')                                            # RAT C changes a paused RATE phase only
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'pump.run')
+        g2.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g2.read('pump.rate_m3_s'), 120 * MH, delta=1e-18)
+
+    def test_units_mode_without_change_creates_nothing(self):                                   # R4-03
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=0.1 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+        g.key('rate')
+        g.step(2.5)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.h.phases[1])
+
+    def test_reverse_of_the_running_phase(self):                                                 # R4-04
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(reservoir=20 * ML)
+        self._prog(g, [dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.1 * ML, direction='INF'),
+                       dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.0, direction='INF')])
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.phase'), 2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'direction.set', direction='REV')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.direction'), 'WDR')
+        x = g.read('pusher.position_m')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('pusher.position_m'), x)
+
+    def test_direction_while_paused_cancels_the_pause(self):                                     # R4-05, R4-06
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(reservoir=20 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.direction'), 'INF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'direction.set', direction='WDR')
+        self.assertEqual((g.read('run.state'), g.read('pump.direction')), ('stopped', 'WDR'))
+        x = g.read('pusher.position_m')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('pusher.position_m'), x)                                            # the new direction is used
+
+    def test_external_start_drops_a_pending_units_change(self):                                   # R4-07
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.key('rate')
+        g.key('up1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('program.state')['phases'][0]['rate_units'], 'MH')
+
+    def test_idle_skip_after_a_disturbance(self):                                                 # G4-01
+        def run(skip):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.setup()
+            g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, units='MH')
+            g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+            g.step(1.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+            g.call(g.E, 'medium.configure', backpressure_pa=3.0e5)
+            if skip:
+                g.step(600.0)
+            else:
+                for _ in range(6000):
+                    g.step(0.1)
+            return g.ledger()
+        a, b = run(True), run(False)
+        self.assertEqual(a['delivered_m3'], b['delivered_m3'])
+        self.assertEqual(a['drawn_m3'], b['drawn_m3'])
+
+
+class RoundFiveFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-5 review findings (R5-*)."""
+
+    def test_stall_resume_after_an_earlier_pause_stop(self):                                     # R5-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        prog = [dict(function='PAS', parameter=2), dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=2 * ML, direction='INF')]
+        for n, kw in enumerate(prog, 1):
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=n)
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', **kw)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')                                                                    # stop inside PS:02
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(4.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='occlusion', active=True)
+        g.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('alarm.state'), 'stall')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='occlusion', active=False)
+        g.key('rate')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'running')                                          # resumes pumping, not the expired pause
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('volume.dispensed')['infused_m3'], 2 * ML, delta=1e-15)
+
+    def test_dir_query_start_direction_and_run_n(self):                                          # R5-02, R5-03, R5-04
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(reservoir=20 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'direction.set', direction='WDR')
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        g.serial('VER')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('DIR'), '00PWDR')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        prog = [dict(function='PAS', parameter=0), dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.1 * ML, direction='INF'),
+                dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=300 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.1 * ML, direction='INF')]
+        for n, kw in enumerate(prog, 1):
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=n)
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', **kw)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'user_wait')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('indicator.withdraw'))                                              # no stale WDR from the earlier run
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run', phase=3)                                                            # RUN 3 at PS:00 starts at phase 3
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.phase'), 3)
+
+
+class RoundSixFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-6 review findings (G6-*, R6-*)."""
+
+    def test_pin7_and_force_follow_a_stop_at_once(self):                                         # G6-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'setup.configure', motor_output=1)
+        for n, kw in enumerate([dict(function='PAS', parameter=5), dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.1 * ML, direction='INF')], 1):
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=n)
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', **kw)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('ttl.state')['outputs']['7'], 1)                                   # ROM 1: high during the pause timer
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('ttl.state')['outputs']['7'], 0)
+        g.step(100.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('ttl.state')['outputs']['7'], 0)
+        g2 = Rig()
+        g2.setup()
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, units='MH')
+        g2.call(g2.E, 'fault.inject', fault='occlusion', active=True)
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'pump.run')
+        g2.step(1.0)
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'pump.stop')
+        g2.step(10.0)
+        T = g2.truth()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(T['force_n'], T['pressure_pa'] * math.pi * 0.02659 ** 2 / 4.0, delta=1e-9)   # no running friction
+
+    def test_no_purge_while_paused(self):                                                         # R6-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', expect='PROGRAM_OPERATING', on=True)
+
+    def test_paused_inc_phase_shows_the_actual_rate(self):                                       # R6-02
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        for n, kw in enumerate([dict(function='RAT', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.01 * ML, direction='INF'),
+                                dict(function='INC', rate_m3_s=20 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.0, direction='INF')], 1):
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=n)
+            g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', **kw)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+        g.step(2.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('display.text'), '120.0')
+        g.serial('VER')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('RAT'), '00P120.0MH')
+
+
+class RoundSevenFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-7 review findings (R7-*)."""
+
+    def test_no_event_jump_during_a_purge(self):                                                 # R7-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(reservoir=20 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', on=True)
+        g.serial('VER')
+        g.serial('RUNE3')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'purging')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', on=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+
+    def test_malformed_serial_commands(self):                                                    # R7-02
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.serial('VER')
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+        for cmd in ('RUN42', 'RUN99', 'RUN0', 'RUNE42', 'FUNJMP1.5', 'FUNRAT9.9', 'FUNOUT.5', 'FUNIF1.2', 'FUNLOP2.5'):
+            self.assertEqual(g.serial(cmd), '00S?OOR', cmd)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.h.phases[1])
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+
+    def test_purge_in_the_currently_set_direction(self):                                         # R7-03
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(reservoir=20 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='RAT', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, rate_units='MH', volume_m3=0.0, direction='WDR')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.direction'), 'WDR')
+        x = g.read('pusher.position_m')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', on=True)
+        g.step(0.5)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('pusher.position_m'), x)
+
+
+class RoundEightFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the round-8 review findings (R8-*)."""
+
+    def test_changes_during_a_purge_go_to_the_selected_phase(self):                             # R8-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup(reservoir=20 * ML)
+        g.call(g.A, 'volume.set', volume_m3=1 * ML)                                                 # phase 1: a volume phase
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.select', phase=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'phase.set_function', function='RAT', rate_m3_s=500e-9 / 60.0, rate_units='UM', volume_m3=0.0, direction='INF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', on=True)
+        g.serial('VER')
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('RAT'), '00X500.0UM')
+        g.call(g.A, 'direction.set', direction='WDR')
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=400e-9 / 60.0)
+        ph = g.read('program.state')['phases']
+        self.assertEqual((ph[1]['direction'], ph[0]['direction']), ('WDR', 'INF'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ph[1]['rate_m3_s'], 400e-9 / 60.0, delta=1e-20)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.direction'), 'WDR')
+        x = g.read('pusher.position_m')
+        g.step(0.5)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('pusher.position_m'), x)
+
+    def test_fun_parameter_replies(self):                                                       # R8-02
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.serial('VER')
+        for cmd in ('FUNPAS100', 'FUNJMP123', 'FUNRAT12', 'FUNLPS3'):
+            self.assertEqual(g.serial(cmd), '00S?OOR', cmd)
+        self.assertEqual(g.serial('FUNPAS10'), '00S')
+
+
+class RoundNineFixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Round 9 passed with minor findings, fixed directly (R9-01, G9-01)."""
+
+    def test_purge_rate_rules(self):                                                              # R9-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.setup()
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=100 * MH, units='MH')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.purge', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', expect='UNITS_WHILE_PUMPING', rate_m3_s=50e-9 / 60.0, units='UM')
+        g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.state'), 'stopped')
+        self.assertIn('STOPPED_ZERO_RATE', g.events(g.A))
+
+    def test_occluded_line_skip_equals_ticking(self):                                             # G9-01
+        def run(skip):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.setup()
+            g.call(g.A, 'rate.set', rate_m3_s=600 * MH, units='MH')
+            g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='occlusion', active=True)
+            g.call(g.A, 'pump.run')
+            g.step(2.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+            g.call(g.A, 'pump.stop')
+            g.call(g.A, 'outlet.connect', tubing='ptfe_1p6mm', tubing_length_m=2.0, needle='none', backpressure_pa=0.0)
+            if skip:
+                g.step(100.0)
+            else:
+                for _ in range(1000):
+                    g.step(0.1)
+            g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='occlusion', active=False)
+            g.step(60.0)
+            return g.ledger()
+        a, b = run(True), run(False)
+        self.assertEqual((a['delivered_m3'], a['drawn_m3']), (b['delivered_m3'], b['drawn_m3']))
+        _balance(self, a)
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        missing = set(rt.CAPS) - set(rt.UNSUPPORTED) - SEEN_CAPS - {'events.read'}
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_novocontrol_alphat.py b/tests/test_asset_novocontrol_alphat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a8a128a9b8fa93b27663804d2498236a1b618f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_novocontrol_alphat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+"""CHEM140 finite-dwell complex spectroscopy, actual OSL and conserved active energy."""
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scripts.asset_runtime import novocontrol_alphat as r
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('alpha_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');asset_tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+OBSERVED=[]
+class Checked(r.NovocontrolAlphatRuntime):
+    def invoke(self,k,**a):
+        before=self.read();out=super().invoke(k,**a);after=self.read();changed={x for x in after if after[x]!=before[x]}
+        assert not changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']),(k,changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']))
+        assert not asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']),(k,asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']))
+        OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(out)));return out
+
+def make(plant=None,sample=None,method=None,geometry=None,thermal=None):
+    h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})));h.invoke('geometry.configure',**dict(r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE,**(geometry or {})));h.invoke('thermal.configure',**dict(r.THERMAL_EXAMPLE,**(thermal or {})));h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));h.invoke('power.set',enabled=True);h.invoke('sample.set_clamp',closed=True);h.step(1.);h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=r.PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k']);h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**(method or {})));return h
+
+def finish(h):
+    h.invoke('acquisition.start');remaining=h.expected_duration
+    while remaining>0:
+        step=min(remaining,86400.);h.step(step);remaining-=step
+    return h.invoke('acquisition.result')
+def calibrate(h):
+    observations={}
+    for mode in ['open','short','load']:
+        h.invoke('fixture.select_load',mode=mode,load_resistance_ohm=1000.);observations[mode]=finish(h)['rows']
+    records=[h.invoke('calibration.solve',frequency_hz=f,open_measured_ohm=observations['open'][i]['raw_impedance_ohm'],short_measured_ohm=observations['short'][i]['raw_impedance_ohm'],load_measured_ohm=observations['load'][i]['raw_impedance_ohm'],load_resistance_ohm=1000.) for i,f in enumerate(h.method['frequencies_hz'])]
+    h.invoke('calibration.apply',records=records);h.invoke('fixture.select_load',mode='sample',load_resistance_ohm=1000.);return observations,records
+
+def remove(h):
+    if h.phase=='running':h.invoke('acquisition.stop')
+    h.invoke('sample.set_clamp',closed=False);h.step(1.);h.invoke('sample.remove')
+def sessions(h):
+    for n,role in [('student','agent'),('teacher','evaluator'),('other','agent')]:h.register_principal(n,role)
+    return h.session('student'),h.session('teacher'),h.session('other')
+def call(s,c,a=None,rid='r1'):return s.invoke(instance_id=s._host.instance_id,capability_id=c,arguments=a or {},request_id=rid)
+def snapshot(h):return json.dumps(dict(state=h.read(),plant=h.plant,sample=h.sample,geometry=h.geometry,thermal=h.thermal,ledger=h._ledger(),rows=h.rows,records=h.records,revision=h.revision,calibration=h.calibration,method=h.method,x=h.x.tolist(),detector=[r.pack(z) for z in h.detector]),sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+
+class AlphaTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def budget(self,h,tol=1e-8):
+        for k,v in h.invoke('ledger.read').items():
+            if 'error' in k:self.assertLess(abs(v),tol,(k,v))
+    def reject(self,h,k,**a):
+        before=snapshot(h)
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.invoke(k,**a)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+    def test_01_target_and_clamp_do_not_teleport(self):
+        h=make();before=h.x.copy();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=295.2);np.testing.assert_array_equal(h.x,before);h.invoke('sample.set_clamp',closed=False);self.assertEqual(h.clamp,0.);h.step(.5);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.clamp,.0125,12);self.assertGreater(h._temperature(0),293.2);self.budget(h)
+    def test_02_read_describe_zero_are_pure(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);before=snapshot(h)
+        for _ in range(2):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);e.describe(asset_type_id=r.ASSET_TYPE_ID);h.step(0.)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+    def test_03_real_static_library_is_not_fake_spectra(self):
+        lib=r.library();self.assertGreaterEqual(len(lib),50)
+        for row in lib.values():self.assertGreater(row['relative_permittivity_static'],1.);self.assertTrue(row['source']);self.assertTrue(row['evidence']);self.assertEqual(row['curves'],[]);self.assertIsNone(row['relaxation_time_s'])
+        row=lib['water_crc_7732_18_5'];self.assertEqual(row['relative_permittivity_static'],80.1);self.assertEqual(row['reference_temperature_K'],293.2)
+    def test_04_c0_and_debye_series_rc_identity(self):
+        diameter=.02;thickness=.001;c0=r.vacuum_capacitance(diameter,thickness);self.assertAlmostEqual(c0,r.EPS0*math.pi*.01**2/.001,22);f=1000.;w=2*math.pi*f;delta=80.1-4.9;tau=1e-4;branch=1/(tau/(c0*delta)+1/(1j*w*c0*delta));expected=1j*w*c0*4.9+branch+5e-6*math.pi*.01**2/.001;actual=1j*w*c0*r.dielectric_response(80.1,4.9,tau,5e-6,f);self.assertAlmostEqual(abs(actual-expected),0.,20)
+    def test_05_inverse_uses_external_complex_vi_only(self):
+        h=Checked();out=h.invoke('analysis.dielectric',**r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE);c0=r.vacuum_capacitance(.02,.001);self.assertAlmostEqual(out['epsilon_real'],1e-6/(2*math.pi*1000*c0),9);self.assertAlmostEqual(out['tan_delta'],.01,12);self.assertIsNone(h.sample)
+    def test_06_source_fifty_ohm_loading(self):
+        h=make(method={'frequencies_hz':[4e7],'source_voltage_rms_v':1.});c=h._circuit(f=4e7);self.assertLess(abs(c['voltage']),.5);self.assertAlmostEqual(abs(complex(1.)-c['voltage']-50*c['current']),0.,12);self.assertEqual(r.SOURCE_RESISTANCE_OHM,50.)
+    def test_07_rms_active_power_has_no_half_factor(self):
+        h=make();c=h._circuit(f=1000.);generator,source,parasitic,reference,sample=c['power'];self.assertAlmostEqual(generator,(.3*c['current'].conjugate()).real,16);self.assertAlmostEqual(generator,source+parasitic+reference+sample,16);self.assertAlmostEqual(source,abs(c['current'])**2*50.,20)
+    def test_08_real_frequency_wait_and_point_order(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.rows,[]);h.step(.1);self.assertEqual(h.rows,[]);h.step(.010000001);self.assertEqual(len(h.rows),1);self.assertEqual(h.rows[0]['frequency_hz'],10.);h.step(h.expected_duration-h.elapsed);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'succeeded');self.assertEqual([row['frequency_hz'] for row in h.rows],h.method['frequencies_hz']);self.budget(h)
+    def test_09_minimum_frequency_requires_days_of_simulated_time(self):
+        h=make(method={'frequencies_hz':[3e-6],'settling_s':0.});h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.assertGreaterEqual(h.expected_duration,1/3e-6);h.step(1000.);self.assertEqual(h.rows,[]);remaining=h.expected_duration-h.elapsed
+        while remaining>0:
+            dt=min(86400.,remaining);h.step(dt);remaining-=dt
+        self.assertEqual(h.phase,'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(h.rows),1);self.assertGreater(h.rows[0]['point_duration_s'],333333.);self.budget(h,1e-7)
+    def test_10_no_fast_option_rate(self):
+        h=make(method={'frequencies_hz':[1e6,2e6],'settling_s':0.});out=finish(h);self.assertTrue(all(row['point_duration_s']>=1/10.5 for row in out['rows']));self.assertGreater(h.expected_duration,.19)
+    def test_11_voltage_boundary_is_conservative(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,frequencies_hz=[9999999.],source_voltage_rms_v=3.));self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,frequencies_hz=[1e7],source_voltage_rms_v=1.00001));self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,frequencies_hz=[4e7],source_voltage_rms_v=3.));h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,frequencies_hz=[1e7,4e7],source_voltage_rms_v=1.));self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,frequencies_hz=[4.01e7]))
+    def test_12_current_converter_overflow_is_not_clipping(self):
+        h=make(method={'frequencies_hz':[1000.],'source_voltage_rms_v':3.});h.invoke('fixture.select_load',mode='short',load_resistance_ohm=1000.);h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.assertGreater(abs(h._circuit()['current']),.04);self.assertEqual(h._observed(),(None,None));h.step(h.expected_duration);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'CURRENT_CONVERTER_OVERFLOW');self.assertIsNone(h.rows[0]['current_rms']);self.assertGreater(h.electrical_energy[1],0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_13_zero_excitation_has_no_fabricated_impedance(self):
+        h=make(method={'source_voltage_rms_v':0.});self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(h.electrical_energy.sum(),0.)
+    def test_14_actual_open_short_load_observations(self):
+        h=make();observations,records=calibrate(h);self.assertEqual(len(records),5);self.assertGreater(abs(r.unpack(observations['open'][2]['raw_impedance_ohm'])),1e6);self.assertLess(abs(r.unpack(observations['short'][2]['raw_impedance_ohm'])),1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(abs(r.unpack(observations['load'][2]['raw_impedance_ohm'])),1000.2,places=2);self.assertGreater(h._ledger()['reference_load_heat_j'],0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_15_external_osl_recovery_with_complex_gains(self):
+        h=make(plant={'voltage_gain_magnitude':1.12,'voltage_gain_phase_rad':.015,'current_gain_magnitude':.93,'current_gain_phase_rad':-.011});calibrate(h);h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,require_calibration=True));o=finish(h)
+        for row in o['rows']:
+            expected=r.dielectric_response(80.1,4.9,1e-11,5e-6,row['frequency_hz']);self.assertTrue(row['calibration_applied']);self.assertLess(abs(row['epsilon_real']-expected.real),.01);self.assertLess(abs(row['epsilon_loss']+expected.imag)/max(abs(expected.imag),1.),1e-6)
+        self.budget(h)
+    def test_16_calibration_really_changes_observed_inverse(self):
+        h=make();uncorrected=finish(h)['rows'][-1]['epsilon_real'];calibrate(h);corrected=finish(h)['rows'][-1]['epsilon_real'];self.assertGreater(abs(uncorrected-80.1),.5);self.assertLess(abs(corrected-80.1),1e-5)
+    def test_17_missing_frequency_calibration_is_not_extrapolated(self):
+        h=make();calibrate(h);h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,frequencies_hz=[123.],require_calibration=True));self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');h.invoke('calibration.clear');self.assertFalse(h.calibration)
+    def test_18_osl_external_solver_never_reads_hidden_state(self):
+        h=Checked();zseries=.5+2j;yp=1e-5+2e-5j;gain=1.2+.1j;raw=lambda z:gain*(zseries+1/(1/z+yp));zo=gain*(zseries+1/yp);zs=gain*zseries;zl=raw(1000.);fit=h.invoke('calibration.solve',frequency_hz=1000.,open_measured_ohm=r.pack(zo),short_measured_ohm=r.pack(zs),load_measured_ohm=r.pack(zl),load_resistance_ohm=1000.);unknown=1234.-987j;self.assertAlmostEqual(abs(r.correct_impedance(raw(unknown),fit)-unknown),0.,9);self.assertIsNone(h.plant)
+    def test_19_loss_conductivity_is_not_just_dc(self):
+        h=make(sample={'relaxation_time_s':1e-4,'dc_conductivity_s_m':0.},method={'frequencies_hz':[1000.]});calibrate(h);o=finish(h);row=o['rows'][0];self.assertGreater(row['conductivity_real_s_m'],0.);self.assertEqual(h.sample['dc_conductivity_s_m'],0.);self.assertAlmostEqual(row['conductivity_real_s_m'],2*math.pi*1000*r.EPS0*row['epsilon_loss'],15)
+    def test_20_zero_loss_ideal_debye_constant_passive(self):
+        e=r.dielectric_response(80.1,80.1,1e-4,0.,1000.);self.assertEqual(e.imag,0.);self.assertEqual(e.real,80.1)
+    def test_21_sample_loss_and_thermal_energy_balance(self):
+        h=make(method={'frequencies_hz':[1000.],'source_voltage_rms_v':1.,'cycles_per_point':1000});h.invoke('thermal.disable');T=h._temperature(1);finish(h);self.assertGreater(h._temperature(1),T);self.assertGreater(h._ledger()['sample_dielectric_heat_j'],0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_22_external_thermal_system_is_bounded_and_time_driven(self):
+        h=make(thermal={'heating_limit_w':.1});h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=303.15);before=h.x[2];h.step(2.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.x[2]-before,.2,8);self.budget(h);self.reject(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=400.)
+    def test_23_loading_unloading_sensible_mass_volume(self):
+        h=make(plant={'ambient_k':293.15});expected_mass=1000*math.pi*.01**2*.001;self.assertAlmostEqual(h._mass(),expected_mass,15);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.loaded_sensible,expected_mass*4180*.05,10);self.budget(h);remove(h);self.assertEqual(h._volume(),0);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.mass_removed,expected_mass,15);self.assertGreater(h.removed_sensible,0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_24_loaded_geometry_is_immutable(self):
+        h=make();self.reject(h,'geometry.configure',diameter_m=.03,thickness_m=.001);remove(h);h.invoke('geometry.configure',diameter_m=.03,thickness_m=.001);h.invoke('sample.load',**r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);self.assertAlmostEqual(h._volume(),math.pi*.015**2*.001,18);self.budget(h)
+    def test_25_open_clamp_has_external_heat_boundary(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=298.2);h.invoke('sample.set_clamp',closed=False);Ts=h._temperature(1);h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(h._temperature(1),Ts);self.assertGreater(h._temperature(0),Ts);self.budget(h)
+    def test_26_temperature_invalidates_static_reference(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=298.2);h.step(20.);self.assertGreater(h._temperature(1),294.);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');self.budget(h)
+    def test_27_cancel_freezes_complete_points_and_cuts_source(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.15);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');rows=copy.deepcopy(h.rows);energy=h.electrical_energy.copy();self.assertEqual(len(rows),1);h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(h.rows,rows);np.testing.assert_array_equal(h.electrical_energy,energy);self.assertEqual(h.read()['excitation.source_voltage_rms_v'],0.);self.budget(h)
+    def test_28_power_off_retains_dissipated_heat(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.05);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);energy=h.electrical_energy.copy();thermal=h.x.copy();h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');np.testing.assert_array_equal(h.electrical_energy,energy);self.assertEqual(h.x[2],thermal[2]);self.assertEqual(h.read()['measured.current_rms_a'],None);self.budget(h)
+    def test_29_sixty_hz_partition_preserves_clock_and_rows(self):
+        a=make();b=make()
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('acquisition.start')
+        a.step(1.)
+        for _ in range(60):b.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);np.testing.assert_allclose(a.x,b.x,rtol=1e-11,atol=1e-15);np.testing.assert_allclose(a.electrical_energy,b.electrical_energy,rtol=1e-13,atol=1e-20);self.budget(a);self.budget(b)
+    def test_30_invalid_arguments_are_atomic(self):
+        h=make()
+        for dt in [True,-1.,float('inf'),float('nan')]:
+            before=snapshot(h)
+            with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.step(dt)
+            self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+        self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,cycles_per_point=1.5));self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,frequencies_hz=[100.,100.]));self.reject(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=True);self.reject(h,'sample.set_clamp',closed=True,extra=1)
+    def test_31_busy_and_clamp_preconditions(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.reject(h,'sample.set_clamp',closed=False);self.reject(h,'fixture.select_load',mode='short',load_resistance_ohm=1000.);self.reject(h,'method.configure',**r.METHOD_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'calibration.clear');h.invoke('acquisition.stop');self.reject(h,'sample.remove')
+    def test_32_double_instances_are_independent(self):
+        a=make();b=make(sample={'reference_id':'ethanol_crc_64_17_5'});before=snapshot(b);finish(a);self.assertEqual(snapshot(b),before);calibrate(b);o=finish(b);self.assertLess(abs(o['rows'][-1]['epsilon_real']-25.3),1e-5)
+    def test_33_identity_and_hidden_state_filtering(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);self.assertNotIn('truth.dc_conductivity_s_m',a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertIn('truth.sample_k',e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertNotIn('sample.load',a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)['capabilities']);self.assertEqual(call(a,'sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.session('unknown')
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.sample_k'])
+    def test_34_request_dedup_and_owner_cancellation(self):
+        h=make();a,e,b=sessions(h);start=call(a,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(start,call(a,'acquisition.start'));self.assertEqual(call(a,'power.set',{'enabled':True})['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');self.assertEqual(call(b,'acquisition.stop')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(b,'power.set',{'enabled':False},'off')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');h.step(.15);op=start['operation_id'];reply=a.cancel(op,'cancel');self.assertEqual(reply,a.cancel(op,'cancel'));self.assertEqual(a.poll(op)['status'],'cancelled')
+    def test_35_public_results_redacted_even_for_evaluator_forward(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);op=call(a,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.step(h.expected_duration)
+        for payload in [call(a,'acquisition.result',rid='a'),call(e,'acquisition.result',rid='e'),a.poll(op)]:
+            text=json.dumps(payload);self.assertNotIn('water_crc',text);self.assertNotIn('7732',text);self.assertNotIn('original_row',text)
+        self.assertEqual(call(a,'provenance.read',rid='p')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(e,'provenance.read',rid='p')['result']['reference_id'],'water_crc_7732_18_5')
+    def test_36_source_snapshot_survives_new_sample(self):
+        h=make();old=finish(h);remove(h);self.assertIsNone(h.invoke('provenance.read')['reference_id']);h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='ethanol_crc_64_17_5'));self.assertEqual(h.invoke('acquisition.result'),old)
+    def test_37_assumptions_and_unsupported_are_explicit(self):
+        h=Checked();self.reject(h,'plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,accept_engineering=False));h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('geometry.configure',**r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'thermal.configure',**dict(r.THERMAL_EXAMPLE,accept_external_engineering_system=False));h.invoke('thermal.configure',**r.THERMAL_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_spectrum_assumption=False));self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_thermal_assumption=False))
+        for c in r.UNSUPPORTED:self.reject(h,c)
+    def test_38_degenerate_calibration_and_analysis_rejected(self):
+        h=make();same=dict(r.OSL_EXAMPLE,load_measured_ohm=r.OSL_EXAMPLE['short_measured_ohm']);self.reject(h,'calibration.solve',**same);self.reject(h,'analysis.dielectric',**dict(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE,current_rms=r.pack(0.)));self.reject(h,'analysis.dielectric',**dict(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE,current_rms=r.pack(-1j)));record=r.solve_osl(**r.OSL_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'calibration.apply',records=[record,record])
+    def test_39_contract_schemas_and_actual_outputs(self):
+        h=make();meta=h.describe()
+        for key,c in meta['capabilities'].items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'],c['input_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,args,result in OBSERVED:self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(result,meta['capabilities'][key]['output_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,value in h.read().items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(value,meta['state_slots'][key]['value_schema']),[],key)
+    def test_40_all_implemented_session_entries(self):
+        h=Checked();h.register_principal('eval','evaluator');s=h.session('eval');seen=set();plan=[('plant.configure',r.PLANT_EXAMPLE),('geometry.configure',r.GEOMETRY_EXAMPLE),('thermal.configure',r.THERMAL_EXAMPLE),('sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('sample.set_clamp',{'closed':True}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':1.}),('thermal.set_temperature',{'temperature_k':293.2}),('method.configure',r.METHOD_EXAMPLE),('fixture.select_load',{'mode':'sample','load_resistance_ohm':1000.}),('calibration.solve',r.OSL_EXAMPLE),('calibration.apply',{'records':[r.solve_osl(**r.OSL_EXAMPLE)]}),('calibration.clear',{}),('acquisition.start',{}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':.15}),('acquisition.stop',{}),('acquisition.result',{}),('analysis.dielectric',r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE),('provenance.read',{}),('ledger.read',{}),('thermal.disable',{}),('sample.set_clamp',{'closed':False}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':1.}),('sample.remove',{}),('power.set',{'enabled':False})]
+        for i,(cap,args) in enumerate(plan):
+            reply=call(s,cap,args,str(i));self.assertIn(reply['status'],('succeeded','accepted'),(cap,reply));self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(reply['result'],r.CAPS[cap]['output_schema']),[],cap);seen.add(cap)
+        self.assertEqual(seen,set(r.CAPS)-set(r.UNSUPPORTED));self.budget(h)
+
+
+    def test_41_capacitance_lower_range_is_unavailable(self):
+        record=next(v for v in r.library().values() if v['relative_permittivity_static']<2.5 and v['reference_temperature_K']==293.2)
+        h=make(plant={'fixture_parallel_capacitance_f':1e-18,'fixture_parallel_conductance_s':0.,'fixture_series_resistance_ohm':0.,'fixture_series_inductance_h':0.},sample={'reference_id':record['id'],'epsilon_infinity':1.,'relaxation_time_s':1e-15,'dc_conductivity_s_m':0.},geometry={'diameter_m':.001,'thickness_m':.02},method={'frequencies_hz':[1000.]});out=finish(h);self.assertEqual(out['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(out['error_code'],'MEASUREMENT_RANGE');self.assertIsNone(out['rows'][0]['epsilon_real']);self.budget(h)
+    def test_42_impedance_upper_range_after_real_long_wait(self):
+        h=make(plant={'fixture_parallel_capacitance_f':1e-18,'fixture_parallel_conductance_s':0.},sample={'dc_conductivity_s_m':0.},method={'frequencies_hz':[3e-6],'settling_s':0.});out=finish(h);self.assertEqual(out['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(out['error_code'],'MEASUREMENT_RANGE');self.assertGreater(abs(r.unpack(out['rows'][0]['impedance_ohm'])),2e14);self.assertGreater(out['elapsed_s'],333333.);self.budget(h)
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_park_nx10.py b/tests/test_asset_park_nx10.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26124ca5efcc1c8b174f273cd18d9f430360936c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_park_nx10.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2018 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-158 park_nx10 (Park Systems NX10 AFM): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_park_nx10.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances
+are isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation (truth slots, template substances of the sample, evaluator-only warnings and fault events,
+other agents' records and operations), conservation (electrical energy = 200 W x powered time, beam time, stage / scanner travel, line and
+curve counts), real return values validated against the declared schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value), asynchronous completion
+and cancellation remnants, host-step independence, declared immediate and on_step effects (scenario states, short and long windows); plus
+the instrument (initialisation, SLD beam and PSPD alignment with the knobs, head removal and probe exchange, Z-stage interlock, touch stop and
+crash, camera focus, collision guards, automatic approach and its failure modes) and the physics: sphere-cone tip dilation, the calibration
+grating (step height 100 +- 7 nm and pitch), HOPG atomic steps, feedback dynamics (error with scan speed and gain, parachuting, oscillation
+above the critical gain, Z-range saturation), noise floor with the acoustic enclosure and isolation, thermal drift after loading, tapping
+phase contrast of a PS/PMMA blend, True Non-Contact operating point (drive side of the resonance), contact-mode indentation and tip wear,
+force-distance curves (jump-in, DMT pull-off, humidity), thermal-tune spring constant and its error propagation from the sensitivity,
+sensitivity from force curves, DMT fit of the modulus, frequency sweep, and SmartAnalysis-like flattening / roughness / profiles / steps.
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import park_nx10 as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_park_nx10_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.ParkNx10Runtime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.ParkNx10Runtime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+GRATING = dict(sample_id='grating', template_id='calibration_grating_xyz', seed=7, tilt_rad=[0.002, -0.001])
+HOPG = dict(sample_id='hopg', template_id='hopg', seed=3, tilt_rad=[0.0005, 0.0])
+MICA = dict(sample_id='mica', template_id='mica', seed=5, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+BLEND = dict(sample_id='blend', template_id='ps_pmma_blend', seed=11, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+AUNP = dict(sample_id='aunp', template_id='au_np_on_mica', seed=2, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+SIO2 = dict(sample_id='sio2', template_id='sio2_on_si', seed=4, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+PMMA = dict(sample_id='pmma', template_id='pmma_film_on_si', seed=6, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+WAFER = dict(sample_id='wafer', template_id='si_wafer', seed=8, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+TALL = dict(sample_id='tall', template_id='grating_1d_20nm', seed=9, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0], topography_overrides=dict(height_m=18e-6, pitch_m=10e-6, edge_width_m=4e-6))
+SAMPLES = (GRATING, HOPG, MICA, BLEND, AUNP, SIO2, PMMA, WAFER, TALL)
+PROBES = (('tap1', 'ac160ts'), ('tap2', 'tap300al_g'), ('cont1', 'contal_g'), ('multi1', 'multi75al_g'), ('nc1', 'nchr'))
+SCAN = dict(size_m=5e-6, pixels_x=64, pixels_y=64, rate_hz=2.0, angle_rad=0.0, offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0, setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=16e-9,
+            z_servo_gain=1.0, save_retrace=False, retract_after=False)
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, samples=SAMPLES, probes=PROBES, **plant):
+    h = rt.ParkNx10Runtime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    for s in samples:
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **s)
+    for pid, tid in probes:
+        h.invoke('probe.provide', probe_id=pid, type_id=tid)
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, **kw):
+    h = configured(seed, **kw)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 1.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def settle(h, limit=600.0):
+    t = 0.0
+    while (h._xy_moving() or h._z_moving() or h._f_moving() or h.head_move or h.exchange) and t < limit:
+        h.step(0.5)
+        t += 0.5
+    assert not (h._xy_moving() or h._z_moving() or h._f_moving() or h.head_move or h.exchange)
+    return h
+
+
+def mount(h, pid):
+    """Raise the Z stage, take the head off, exchange the probe, put the head back, switch the beam on (as an operator would)."""
+    if h.qz < 0.004:
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=0.005)
+        settle(h)
+    if h.beam_switch:
+        h.invoke('beam.set', on=False)                                                   # manual: beam off before the head is unmounted
+    h.invoke('head.remove')
+    settle(h)
+    if h.mounted is not None:
+        h.invoke('probe.unmount')
+        settle(h)
+    h.invoke('probe.mount', probe_id=pid)
+    settle(h)
+    h.invoke('head.attach')
+    settle(h)
+    h.invoke('beam.set', on=True)
+    return h
+
+
+def align(h, inset=12e-6):
+    """Agent-level beam alignment: centre the PSPD from the VERTICAL / LATERAL readings, put the SLD spot `inset` inside the cantilever end from
+    the camera, centre the PSPD again (knob gains as declared)."""
+    def centre():
+        from scipy.special import erfinv
+        for _ in range(3):
+            r = h.read()
+            I = r['pspd.intensity_v']
+            for knob, key in (('pspd_y', 'pspd.vertical_v'), ('pspd_x', 'pspd.lateral_v')):
+                v = h.read()[key]
+                u = float(erfinv(max(-0.999, min(0.999, v / I)))) * rt.PSPD_SPOT_W_M
+                h.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob=knob, turns=max(-5.0, min(5.0, -u / rt.KNOB_PSPD_M_PER_TURN)))
+    centre()
+    cam = h.invoke('camera.read')
+    dx, dy = cam['spot_offset_m']
+    h.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='beam_x', turns=(-inset - dx) / rt.KNOB_BEAM_M_PER_TURN)
+    h.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='beam_y', turns=-dy / rt.KNOB_BEAM_M_PER_TURN)
+    centre()
+    return h
+
+
+def dynamic(h, mode='tapping', db=None, above=1.0003, amplitude=20e-9):
+    """Configure a dynamic mode, sweep the resonance and set the drive slightly above the peak."""
+    pr = h._probe()
+    db = db or pr['type_id']
+    h.invoke('head.configure', mode=mode, cantilever_db=db)
+    f0 = rt.probe_nominal(db)['f0']
+    op = h.invoke('ncm.frequency_sweep', start_hz=0.7 * f0, stop_hz=1.3 * f0, points=2048)['operation_id']
+    wait(h, op)
+    rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+    fpk = rec['data']['peak_hz']
+    op = h.invoke('ncm.frequency_sweep', start_hz=fpk * 0.99, stop_hz=fpk * 1.01, points=1024)['operation_id']
+    wait(h, op)
+    fpk = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]['data']['peak_hz']
+    h.invoke('ncm.set_drive', frequency_hz=fpk * above, amplitude_m=amplitude)
+    return h
+
+
+def wait(h, op, tmax=4000.0, dt=1.0):
+    t = 0.0
+    while h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'running' and t < tmax:
+        h.step(dt)
+        t += dt
+    assert h.operations[op]['phase'] != 'running', op
+    rid = h.operations[op]['record_id']
+    return h.records[rid] if rid else h.operations[op]
+
+
+def near(h, gap=100e-6):
+    """Lower the Z stage to `gap` above the surface under the tip (the operator judges it from the camera focus; here from the touch point)."""
+    h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=h._touch_point() + gap)
+    return settle(h)
+
+
+def engage(h, sample=GRATING, mode='tapping', setpoint=16e-9, gain=1.0, offset=(0.0, 0.0)):
+    if h.on_chuck == sample['sample_id'] and h.engaged is not None:
+        return h, None
+    if h.on_chuck != sample['sample_id']:
+        if h.on_chuck is not None:
+            if h.engaged is not None:
+                h.invoke('retract', distance_m=100e-6)
+            h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=min(rt.Z_STAGE_LIMITS_M[1], h.qz + 0.004))
+            settle(h)
+            h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id=h.on_chuck)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id=sample['sample_id'], offset_x_m=offset[0], offset_y_m=offset[1])
+    near(h)
+    a = dict(setpoint_force_n=setpoint if mode == 'contact' else None, setpoint_amplitude_m=None if mode == 'contact' else setpoint, z_servo_gain=gain)
+    op = h.invoke('approach', **a)['operation_id']
+    wait(h, op)
+    return h, op
+
+
+def tapping_engaged(seed=1, sample=GRATING, probe='tap1', **kw):
+    h = ready(seed, **kw)
+    mount(h, probe)
+    align(h)
+    dynamic(h)
+    engage(h, sample)
+    assert h.engaged is not None
+    return h
+
+
+def contact_engaged(seed=1, sample=GRATING, probe='cont1', setpoint=5e-9, **kw):
+    h = ready(seed, **kw)
+    mount(h, probe)
+    align(h)
+    h.invoke('head.configure', mode='contact', cantilever_db=h._probe()['type_id'])
+    engage(h, sample, mode='contact', setpoint=setpoint)
+    assert h.engaged is not None
+    return h
+
+
+def scan(h, **kw):
+    a = dict(SCAN, **kw)
+    if h.mode == 'contact':
+        a['setpoint_amplitude_m'] = None
+        a['setpoint_force_n'] = a['setpoint_force_n'] or 5e-9
+    op = h.invoke('scan.start', **a)['operation_id']
+    return wait(h, op, dt=5.0)
+
+
+def img(rec, ch='height', d='trace', flatten='none'):
+    return rt.flatten_image(np.asarray(rec['data'][ch][d], float)[:rec['meta']['lines_completed']], flatten)
+
+
+def rejected(h, cap, code, **a):
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    rev = h.revision
+    led = h.ledger()
+    try:
+        h.invoke(cap, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        assert str(exc) == code, (cap, str(exc), code)
+        assert not _changed(h.read('evaluator'), before), cap
+        assert h.revision == rev, cap
+        assert not _changed(h.ledger(), led), cap
+        return True
+    raise AssertionError(f'{cap} was not rejected (expected {code})')
+
+
+def set_true_calibration(h):
+    """Evaluator shortcut: write the hidden true k and sensitivity into the calibration table (to test physics independent of calibration)."""
+    pr = h._probe()
+    h.invoke('calibration.set', spring_constant_n_m=pr['truth']['k'], sensitivity_v_per_m=h._optics()['S'])
+
+
+def _close(a, b, rel=1e-9):
+    if isinstance(a, dict) and isinstance(b, dict):
+        return a.keys() == b.keys() and all(_close(a[k], b[k], rel) for k in a)
+    if isinstance(a, (list, tuple)) and isinstance(b, (list, tuple)):
+        return len(a) == len(b) and all(_close(x, y, rel) for x, y in zip(a, b))
+    if isinstance(a, float) or isinstance(b, float):
+        if isinstance(a, float) and isinstance(b, float) and math.isnan(a) and math.isnan(b):
+            return True
+        return abs(a - b) <= rel * max(abs(a), abs(b), 1e-300)
+    return a == b
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- scenario states (declared-effect checks)
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return configured()
+    if name == 'booting':
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'ready':
+        return ready()
+    if name == 'head_off':
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=0.005)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('head.remove')
+        return settle(h)
+    if name == 'head_off_mounted':
+        h = _build('mounted')
+        h.invoke('head.remove')
+        return settle(h)
+    if name == 'exchanging':
+        h = _build('head_off')
+        h.invoke('probe.mount', probe_id='tap1')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'mounted':
+        h = ready()
+        return mount(h, 'tap1')
+    if name == 'aligned':
+        h = mount(ready(), 'tap1')
+        align(h)
+        dynamic(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'near':
+        return near(_build('aligned'))
+    if name == 'approaching':
+        h = _build('near')
+        h.invoke('approach', setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=16e-9, z_servo_gain=1.0)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'engaged':
+        h = _build('near')
+        wait(h, h.invoke('approach', setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=16e-9, z_servo_gain=1.0)['operation_id'])
+        return h
+    if name == 'scanning':
+        h = _build('engaged')
+        h.invoke('scan.start', **dict(SCAN, pixels_y=64, rate_hz=2.0))
+        h.step(12.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'scanned':
+        h = _build('engaged')
+        scan(h)
+        return h
+    if name == 'fd_running':
+        h = _build('scanned')
+        h.invoke('fd.acquire', z_range_m=100e-9, rate_hz=1.0, trigger_force_n=300e-9, dwell_s=0.0, count=4, positions_m=[[0.0, 0.0]])
+        h.step(1.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'fd_done':
+        h = _build('scanned')
+        wait(h, h.invoke('fd.acquire', z_range_m=100e-9, rate_hz=1.0, trigger_force_n=300e-9, dwell_s=0.0, count=2, positions_m=[[0.0, 0.0]])['operation_id'])
+        return h
+    if name == 'tuning':
+        h = _build('aligned')
+        h.invoke('calibration.thermal_tune', temperature_k=295.15, averages=50)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'sweeping':
+        h = _build('aligned')
+        h.invoke('ncm.frequency_sweep', start_hz=250e3, stop_hz=330e3, points=512)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'contact_engaged':
+        return contact_engaged(sample=SIO2)
+    if name == 'nc_engaged':
+        h = mount(ready(), 'nc1')
+        align(h)
+        dynamic(h, mode='non_contact', amplitude=10e-9, above=1.0008)
+        engage(h, SIO2, setpoint=9.5e-9)
+        return h
+    if name == 'moving':
+        h = _build('aligned')
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.004, y_m=-0.002)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', position_m=0.010)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'z_moving':
+        h = _build('aligned')
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=0.008)
+        h.step(0.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'sld_fault':
+        h = _build('engaged')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='sld_failure', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'sld_cleared':
+        h = _build('sld_fault')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='sld_failure', active=False)
+        return h
+    if name == 'z_stall':
+        h = _build('aligned')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='z_stage_stall', active=True)
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=0.008)
+        return h
+    if name == 'burst':
+        h = _build('engaged')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vibration_burst', active=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'unpowered_mounted':
+        h = _build('aligned')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'booting', 'ready', 'head_off', 'head_off_mounted', 'exchanging', 'mounted', 'aligned', 'near', 'approaching', 'engaged', 'scanning', 'scanned', 'fd_running',
+             'fd_done', 'tuning', 'sweeping', 'contact_engaged', 'nc_engaged', 'moving', 'z_moving', 'sld_fault', 'sld_cleared', 'z_stall', 'burst', 'unpowered_mounted']
+LONG_SCENARIOS = ['ready', 'aligned', 'near', 'engaged', 'scanned', 'contact_engaged']
+STEP_DTS = (0.4, 3.0, 25.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=2, humidity=0.7, acoustic_enclosure=False, vibration_isolation=False)],
+        'sample.provide': [dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='new')],
+        'probe.provide': [dict(probe_id='newp', type_id='nchr')],
+        'sample.place': [dict(sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0), dict(sample_id='mica', offset_x_m=0.002, offset_y_m=0.0)],
+        'sample.remove': [dict(sample_id='grating')],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_button': [{}],
+        'beam.set': [dict(on=True), dict(on=False)], 'beam.press_switch': [{}],
+        'head.remove': [{}], 'head.attach': [{}], 'probe.mount': [dict(probe_id='tap1'), dict(probe_id='tap2')], 'probe.unmount': [{}],
+        'head.configure': [dict(mode='tapping', cantilever_db='ac160ts'), dict(mode='contact', cantilever_db='contal_g')],
+        'head.turn_knob': [dict(knob='beam_x', turns=0.1), dict(knob='pspd_y', turns=-0.5), dict(knob='optics_x', turns=1.0)],
+        'head.set_knob': [dict(knob='beam_y', turns_total=0.2), dict(knob='pspd_x', turns_total=-1.0)],
+        'stage.move_xy': [dict(x_m=0.003, y_m=0.0), dict(x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)],
+        'z_stage.move': [dict(z_m=0.006), dict(z_m=-0.0099)],
+        'focus.move': [dict(position_m=0.004)],
+        'ncm.frequency_sweep': [dict(start_hz=250e3, stop_hz=330e3, points=256)],
+        'ncm.set_drive': [dict(frequency_hz=287.5e3, amplitude_m=20e-9)],
+        'approach': [dict(setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=16e-9, z_servo_gain=1.0), dict(setpoint_force_n=5e-9, setpoint_amplitude_m=None, z_servo_gain=1.0)],
+        'retract': [dict(distance_m=100e-6)],
+        'scan.start': [dict(SCAN, pixels_y=32), dict(SCAN, pixels_y=32, setpoint_force_n=5e-9, setpoint_amplitude_m=None)],
+        'fd.acquire': [dict(z_range_m=100e-9, rate_hz=2.0, trigger_force_n=100e-9, dwell_s=0.0, count=1, positions_m=[[0.0, 0.0]])],
+        'calibration.thermal_tune': [dict(temperature_k=295.15, averages=20)],
+        'calibration.sensitivity': [dict(record_id='FD0001', curve_index=0, branch='approach')],
+        'calibration.set': [dict(spring_constant_n_m=30.0, sensitivity_v_per_m=None)],
+        'analysis.flatten': [dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', method='plane')],
+        'analysis.roughness': [dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='plane', region_px=None)],
+        'analysis.line_profile': [dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='plane', start_px=[0, 10], end_px=[60, 10], points=64)],
+        'analysis.step_height': [dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='plane_upper', method='histogram', region_a_px=None, region_b_px=None)],
+        'analysis.fd_fit': [dict(record_id='FD0001', curve_index=0, branch='retract', model='dmt', tip_radius_m=10e-9, sample_poisson_ratio=0.17, tip_modulus_pa=169e9,
+                                 tip_poisson_ratio=0.27)],
+        'records.delete': [dict(record_id='IMG0001'), dict(record_id='FS0001'), dict(record_id='FD0001')],
+        'system.acknowledge': [{}],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in rt.FAULTS] + [dict(fault=f, active=False) for f in rt.FAULTS],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 64:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    """Does the step change the value differently with the call (v1 -> a2) than without it (v0 -> b2)?  (leaf-wise, numeric increments)"""
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] != 'query'
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- contract and schemas
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.park_nx10')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-158')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.XY_SCAN_RANGE_M, 50e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(rt.Z_SCAN_RANGE_M, 15e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(2 * rt.XY_STAGE_HALF_M, 0.020)
+        self.assertEqual(rt.Z_STAGE_RANGE_M, 0.025)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.Z_STAGE_LIMITS_M[1] - rt.Z_STAGE_LIMITS_M[0], rt.Z_STAGE_RANGE_M, places=12)
+        self.assertEqual((rt.SAMPLE_OPEN_MAX_M, rt.SAMPLE_MAX_THICKNESS_M), (0.100, 0.020))
+        self.assertEqual(len(rt.nanomech()['subs']), 66)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(rt.probes()['types']), 12)
+        self.assertEqual(len(rt.sample_templates()['templates']), 15)
+
+    def test_schemas_lint_and_examples_validate(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for part in ('input_schema', 'output_schema'):
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c[part]), [], (k, part))
+            ex = rt.CAPS[k].get('example_arguments')
+            if ex is not None:
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(ex, c['input_schema']), [], k)
+                rt.validate(rt.CAPS[k]['input_schema'], ex)
+        for k, s in m['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+        for name in ('fresh', 'ready', 'aligned', 'engaged', 'scanning', 'scanned', 'fd_done', 'contact_engaged', 'nc_engaged', 'sld_fault'):
+            v = _scenario(name).read('evaluator')
+            for k, x in v.items():
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(x, m['state_slots'][k]['value_schema']), [], (name, k))
+        h = _scenario('fd_done')
+        for rid in h.records:
+            out = h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id=rid, channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None, max_values=4096)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(out, m['capabilities']['measurement.result']['output_schema']), [], rid)
+
+    def test_metadata_references_are_consistent(self):
+        m = _meta()
+        slots = set(m['state_slots'])
+        for k, c in m['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, (k, e))
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                for x in pre['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            for x in c['execution']['completion_state_ids']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, (k, x))
+            codes = [e['code'] for e in c['errors']]
+            self.assertEqual(len(codes), len(set(codes)), k)
+            for e in c['errors']:
+                self.assertIn(e['code'], rt.ERROR_ZH, (k, e['code']))
+        for k in rt.CAPS:
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAP_SOURCES, k)
+        self.assertEqual(set(rt.PRECONDITIONS) - set(rt.CAPS), set())
+        for k, v in list(rt.EFFECTS.items()) + list(rt.ON_STEP.items()):
+            self.assertIn(k, rt.CAPS)
+            self.assertEqual(set(v) - slots, set(), k)
+        for mech in m['mechanisms'].values():
+            self.assertEqual(set(mech['state_ids']) - slots, set())
+        manifest = ROOT / 'assets/expansion_batch04/t3_analytical/park_nx10/geometry_manifest.json'
+        raw = json.loads(manifest.read_text()).get('components', []) if manifest.exists() else []
+        comps = set(raw) if isinstance(raw, dict) else {c['id'] for c in raw}
+        if len(comps) > 5:                                                                     # the real geometry (not the scaffold box)
+            used = {c for v in m['capabilities'].values() for c in v['component_ids']} | {s['component_ids'][0] for s in m['state_slots'].values()}
+            self.assertEqual(used - comps, set())
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities_report_unsupported(self):
+        h = ready()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                _orig_invoke(h, k)
+            self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), 'UNSUPPORTED')
+            self.assertEqual(_meta()['capabilities'][k]['availability'], 'unsupported')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='kpfm.scan', arguments={'bias_v': 1.0}, request_id='u1')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test_libraries_carry_evidence(self):
+        for s in rt.nanomech()['subs'].values():
+            for f in ('youngs_modulus', 'poisson_ratio', 'ambient_surface_energy', 'water_contact_angle', 'hamaker_constant', 'loss_tangent'):
+                self.assertIn(s[f]['evidence'], ('documented', 'derived', 'assumption'), (s['substance_id'], f))
+                self.assertTrue(s[f]['source_ids'], (s['substance_id'], f))
+        for t in rt.sample_templates()['templates'].values():
+            for k, v in t['topography'].items():
+                if isinstance(v, dict):
+                    self.assertIn(v['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), (t['template_id'], k))
+        for pid in rt.probes()['types']:
+            nom = rt.probe_nominal(pid)
+            self.assertGreater(nom['L'], 20e-6, pid)
+            self.assertLess(nom['L'], 600e-6, pid)
+            c = rt.BEAM_FACTOR * math.sqrt((rt.E_SIN if nom['material'] == 'Si3N4' else rt.E_SI) / (rt.RHO_SIN if nom['material'] == 'Si3N4' else rt.RHO_SI))
+            if 'length_m' in nom['derived'] and 'thickness_m' in nom['derived']:
+                E = rt.E_SIN if nom['material'] == 'Si3N4' else rt.E_SI
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(E * nom['w'] * nom['t'] ** 3 / (4 * nom['L'] ** 3) / nom['k'], 1.0, places=6)
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(c * nom['t'] / nom['L'] ** 2 / nom['f0'], 1.0, places=6)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- host clock and purity
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_and_describe_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanning')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('agent')
+        t, rev = h.t, h.revision
+        before = h.read('evaluator')
+        for _ in range(3):
+            s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+            s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+            h.invoke('camera.read')
+            h.invoke('records.list')
+        self.assertEqual((h.t, h.revision), (t, rev))
+        self.assertFalse(_changed(before, h.read('evaluator')))
+
+    def test_step_zero_and_negative(self):
+        h = _scenario('engaged')
+        t = h.t
+        h.step(0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.t, t)
+        for bad in (-1.0, float('nan'), float('inf'), rt.MAX_STEP_S * 2, True):
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.step(bad)
+        self.assertEqual(h.t, t)
+
+    def test_host_step_chopping_does_not_change_the_result(self):
+        """The same scan, force curves and drift with coarse and fine host steps: identical images and curves (blocks of 16 lines, per-line noise)."""
+        outs = []
+        for chop in (0.37, 7.0, 40.0):
+            h = _scenario('engaged')
+            op = h.invoke('scan.start', **dict(SCAN, pixels_y=48))['operation_id']
+            t = 0.0
+            while h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'running':
+                h.step(chop)
+                t += chop
+            rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+            op2 = h.invoke('fd.acquire', z_range_m=100e-9, rate_hz=2.0, trigger_force_n=100e-9, dwell_s=0.1, count=3, positions_m=[[0.0, 0.0]])['operation_id']
+            while h.operations[op2]['phase'] == 'running':
+                h.step(chop)
+            fd = h.records[h.operations[op2]['record_id']]
+            h.step(123.4 - (h.t % 1.0))
+            outs.append((img(rec), img(rec, 'phase'), fd['data']['curves'][2]['deflection_retract_v'], h._probe()['radius'], h.read('evaluator')['truth.drift_m']))
+        for o in outs[1:]:
+            self.assertTrue(np.allclose(o[0], outs[0][0], rtol=0, atol=1e-15))
+            self.assertTrue(np.allclose(o[1], outs[0][1], rtol=0, atol=1e-12))
+            self.assertTrue(np.allclose(o[2], outs[0][2], rtol=0, atol=1e-12))
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(o[3], outs[0][3], delta=1e-18)
+
+    def test_reads_do_not_change_later_results(self):
+        a, b = _scenario('engaged'), _scenario('engaged')
+        oa = a.invoke('scan.start', **SCAN)['operation_id']
+        ob = b.invoke('scan.start', **SCAN)['operation_id']
+        for _ in range(10):
+            a.read('evaluator')
+            a.invoke('camera.read')
+            a.step(3.3)
+            b.step(3.3)
+        wait(a, oa)
+        wait(b, ob)
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(img(a.records['IMG0001']), img(b.records['IMG0001'])))
+
+    def test_set_points_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = _scenario('aligned')
+        xy, qz, qf = list(h.xy), h.qz, h.qf
+        r = h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.004, y_m=-0.003)
+        self.assertEqual(h.xy, xy)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['stage.xy_target_m'], [0.004, -0.003])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['duration_s'], math.hypot(0.004, 0.003) / rt.XY_STAGE_SPEED_M_S)
+        rejected(h, 'z_stage.move', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', z_m=qz + 0.001)                      # one motorized stage at a time (F13)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(h.read()['stage.xy_m'], [0.004, -0.003], atol=1e-12))
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=qz + 0.001)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', position_m=0.012)
+        self.assertEqual((h.qz, h.qf), (qz, qf))
+        h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.qz, qz + 0.5 * rt.Z_STAGE_MAX_SPEED_M_S, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.qf, qf + 0.5 * rt.FOCUS_SPEED_M_S, places=12)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.qz, qz + 0.001, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.qf, 0.012, places=12)
+        # the resolution of the XY stage (5 um) rounds the target
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.0012344, y_m=0.0)['target_m'][0], 0.001235, places=15)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- instrument
+class PowerBeamHeadProbe(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_boot_power_beam_and_power_loss(self):
+        h = configured()
+        rejected(h, 'head.configure', 'POWER_OFF', mode='tapping', cantilever_db='ac160ts')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'booting')
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'NOT_READY', x_m=0.001, y_m=0.0)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S - 0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'booting')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.state, 'ready')
+        mount(h, 'tap1')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['beam.emitting'])
+        h.invoke('beam.press_switch')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['beam.emitting'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['pspd.intensity_v'], 0.0)
+        h.invoke('beam.press_switch')
+        align(h)
+        dynamic(h)
+        engage(h)
+        op = h.invoke('scan.start', **SCAN)['operation_id']
+        rejected(h, 'beam.set', 'MEASUREMENT_RUNNING', on=False)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[op]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual((h.operations[op]['phase'], rec['status']), ('failed', 'failed'))
+        self.assertEqual(rec['meta']['lines_completed'], 40)                               # the lines scanned before the power loss are kept
+        self.assertTrue(np.isfinite(img(rec)).all())
+        self.assertIsNone(h.engaged)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['zscanner.extension_m'], 0.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['beam.emitting'])
+
+    def test_head_removal_probe_exchange_and_prealignment(self):
+        h = ready()
+        rejected(h, 'probe.mount', 'HEAD_ATTACHED', probe_id='tap1')
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'z_stage.move', 'INTENSITY_LOW', z_m=rt.Z_STAGE_LIMITS_M[0])           # no probe: the interlock stops the descent
+        h.invoke('head.remove')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['head.state'], 'moving')
+        rejected(h, 'head.attach', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS')
+        h.step(rt.HEAD_SWAP_S)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['head.state'], 'removed')
+        h.invoke('probe.mount', probe_id='tap1')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['probe.exchanging'])
+        rejected(h, 'probe.mount', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', probe_id='tap2')
+        h.step(rt.PROBE_MOUNT_S)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['probe.mounted'], dict(probe_id='tap1', type_id='ac160ts'))
+        rejected(h, 'probe.mount', 'PROBE_MOUNTED', probe_id='tap2')
+        h.invoke('head.attach')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('beam.set', on=True)
+        cam = h.invoke('camera.read')
+        self.assertTrue(cam['cantilever_in_view'] and cam['spot_visible'])
+        off = cam['spot_offset_m']
+        self.assertLess(abs(off[0] + rt.PREALIGN_INSET_M), 4 * rt.PREALIGN_SIGMA_M)          # pre-aligned: the spot lands near the end
+        self.assertLess(abs(off[1]), 4 * rt.PREALIGN_SIGMA_M)
+        self.assertGreater(h.read()['pspd.intensity_v'], 0.5)
+        # a second probe of the same box: new mounting offsets, the knobs keep their positions
+        k0 = dict(h.knobs)
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=0.005)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('beam.set', on=False)
+        h.invoke('head.remove')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('probe.unmount')
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertIn('tap1', h.read()['probe.box_ids'])
+        h.invoke('probe.mount', probe_id='tap2')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('head.attach')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('beam.set', on=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.knobs, k0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.faults, set())
+        self.assertNotEqual(h.invoke('camera.read')['spot_offset_m'], off)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['probe_exchanges'], 3.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['head_swaps'], 4.0)
+
+    def test_head_handling_rules_of_the_manual(self):
+        h = mount(ready(), 'tap1')
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=0.006)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', position_m=rt.FOCUS_REF_M + 0.003)
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'head.remove', 'FOCUS_TOO_LOW')
+        h.invoke('focus.move', position_m=rt.FOCUS_REF_M)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertTrue(h.beam_switch)
+        h.invoke('head.remove')                                                                # with the beam switch on: the beam diode is damaged
+        self.assertIn('sld_failure', h.faults)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'SLD_FAILURE')
+        self.assertIn('SLD_DAMAGED', [e['code'] for e in h.events])
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('head.attach')
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['beam.emitting'])
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='sld_failure', active=False)                            # evaluator: the diode is replaced
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['beam.emitting'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('power.press_button')['enabled'], False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('power.press_button')['state'], 'booting')
+
+    def test_beam_alignment_intensity_sensitivity_and_pspd(self):
+        h = mount(ready(), 'tap1')
+        align(h)
+        pr = h._probe()
+        r = h.read()
+        self.assertLess(abs(r['pspd.vertical_v']), rt.PSPD_CENTRE_TOL_V)
+        self.assertLess(abs(r['pspd.lateral_v']), rt.PSPD_CENTRE_TOL_V)
+        self.assertGreater(r['pspd.intensity_v'], 2.0)                                     # coated lever, aligned: 2-3 V (manual)
+        # intensity versus the spot position along the cantilever: falls off the end and toward the chip; sensitivity follows 2 xi - xi^2
+        rows = []
+        for dx in (-60e-6, -30e-6, 0.0, 30e-6):
+            a = copy.deepcopy(h)
+            a.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='beam_x', turns=dx / rt.KNOB_BEAM_M_PER_TURN)
+            o = a._optics()
+            rows.append((o['x'], o['I'], o['S']))
+        self.assertGreater(rows[0][1], rows[3][1])                                          # 30 um beyond the free end the spot misses the lever
+        self.assertLess(rows[3][1], 0.2)
+        for x, I, S in rows:
+            xi = min(1.0, max(0.0, 1 + x / pr['truth']['L']))
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(S, rt.SENSITIVITY_V_PER_M_100UM * I / 2.5 * pr['truth']['lever_gain'] * max(2 * xi - xi * xi, 0.02) * 100e-6 / pr['truth']['L'], delta=1e-6 * S)
+        # sideways off the lever: intensity drops with the Gaussian overlap
+        a = copy.deepcopy(h)
+        a.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='beam_y', turns=(pr['truth']['w'] / 2 + 3 * rt.SPOT_SIGMA_M) / rt.KNOB_BEAM_M_PER_TURN)
+        self.assertLess(a.read()['pspd.intensity_v'], 0.05 * r['pspd.intensity_v'])
+        # the PSPD knobs move VERTICAL / LATERAL through the erf response and saturate at +-INTENSITY
+        a = copy.deepcopy(h)
+        a.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='pspd_y', turns=0.1)
+        v1 = a.read()['pspd.vertical_v']
+        I = a.read()['pspd.intensity_v']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v1, I * math.erf(0.1 * rt.KNOB_PSPD_M_PER_TURN / rt.PSPD_SPOT_W_M + (a._optics()['p_v'] - 0.1 * rt.KNOB_PSPD_M_PER_TURN) / rt.PSPD_SPOT_W_M), delta=1e-9)
+        a.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='pspd_y', turns=8.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.read()['pspd.vertical_v'], I, delta=1e-3 * I)
+        rejected(a, 'head.turn_knob', 'KNOB_LIMIT', knob='pspd_y', turns=5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(a.invoke('head.set_knob', knob='pspd_y', turns_total=0.0)['turns_total'], 0.0)       # absolute setting (scene knob coupling)
+        self.assertEqual(a.read()['knob.pspd_y_turns'], 0.0)
+        rejected(a, 'head.set_knob', 'KNOB_LIMIT', knob='pspd_x', turns_total=12.0)
+        # an uncoated backside reflects less (manual: about 1 V instead of 2-3 V)
+        self.assertFalse(rt.probe_nominal('cdt_contr')['reflective'])
+        self.assertEqual(rt.INTENSITY_UNCOATED_V, 1.0)
+
+    def test_z_stage_interlock_touch_stop_and_crash(self):
+        h = mount(ready(), 'cont1')
+        align(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='sio2', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        a = copy.deepcopy(h)
+        a.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='beam_y', turns=4.0)                                  # the spot off the lever
+        rejected(a, 'z_stage.move', 'INTENSITY_LOW', z_m=a.qz - 0.001)
+        a.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=a.qz + 0.001)                                           # up is always allowed
+        # touch stop with the beam aligned
+        q_touch = h._touch_point()
+        r0 = h._probe()['radius']
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=rt.Z_STAGE_LIMITS_M[0])
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.qz, q_touch - rt.TOUCH_OVERSHOOT_M, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._probe()['radius'], r0 + rt.TOUCH_WEAR_M, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertEqual(h._probe()['damage'], 'none')
+        self.assertIn('TOUCH_STOP', [e['code'] for e in h.events])
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'COLLISION_RISK', x_m=0.001, y_m=0.0)                   # the tip rests on the surface
+        rejected(h, 'sample.remove', 'COLLISION_RISK', sample_id='sio2')
+        # with the PSPD saturated the touch is not detected: the cantilever breaks
+        b = mount(ready(), 'cont1')
+        align(b)
+        b.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='sio2', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        b.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='pspd_y', turns=3.0)
+        self.assertGreater(abs(b.read()['pspd.vertical_v']), rt.PSPD_TOUCH_LIMIT * b.read()['pspd.intensity_v'])
+        q_touch = b._touch_point()
+        b.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=rt.Z_STAGE_LIMITS_M[0])
+        settle(b)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b.qz, q_touch - rt.CRASH_OVERTRAVEL_M, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertEqual(b._probe()['damage'], 'cantilever_broken')
+        self.assertEqual(b.read()['pspd.intensity_v'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(b.ledger()['tip_crashes'], 1.0)
+
+    def test_camera_focus_depth_of_field(self):
+        h = mount(ready(), 'tap1')
+        align(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        near(h, 500e-6)
+        cam = h.invoke('camera.read')
+        self.assertGreater(cam['cantilever_sharpness'], 0.99)                                # focus stage at its reference: the lever is sharp
+        self.assertLess(cam['sample_sharpness'], 1e-6)
+        gap_to_lever = 500e-6 + h._probe()['truth']['tip_height']
+        h.invoke('focus.move', position_m=rt.FOCUS_REF_M + gap_to_lever)                     # focus down onto the sample surface
+        settle(h)
+        cam = h.invoke('camera.read')
+        self.assertGreater(cam['sample_sharpness'], 0.99)
+        self.assertLess(cam['cantilever_sharpness'], 1e-6)
+        self.assertFalse(cam['spot_visible'])                                                 # the blurred lever: the spot is not located
+        h.invoke('focus.move', position_m=rt.FOCUS_REF_M + gap_to_lever + rt.DEPTH_OF_FIELD_M)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('camera.read')['sample_sharpness'], math.exp(-1.0), delta=1e-6)
+        # the optics knobs pan the view: the lever leaves the 480 x 360 um field
+        h.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='optics_y', turns=2.5)
+        self.assertFalse(h.invoke('camera.read')['cantilever_in_view'])
+
+    def test_collision_guards_and_sample_area(self):
+        h = mount(ready(), 'tap1')
+        big = dict(sample_id='wafer_big', template_id='si_wafer', seed=1, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0])
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **big)
+        self.assertEqual(h.samples['wafer_big']['mount'], 'holder')                          # 10 mm pieces go on the magnetic holder
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'SAMPLE_OUT_OF_AREA', sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.02, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=h._top_z(h.samples['grating']) - rt.TIP_Z0 + 0.001)   # 1 mm above the top of the sample to come
+        settle(h)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'COLLISION_RISK', sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=0.005)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'sample.place', 'CHUCK_OCCUPIED', sample_id='mica', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        near(h, 50e-6)
+        rejected(h, 'head.remove', 'COLLISION_RISK')
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'COLLISION_RISK', x_m=0.009, y_m=0.0)                   # the sample edge would pass under the tip
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.001, y_m=0.0)                                         # on the same sample
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            _orig_invoke(h, 'sample.provide', sample_id='huge', template_id='si_wafer', seed=1, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0], topography_overrides={'pitch_m': 1e-6})
+
+
+class ApproachAndFeedback(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_approach_timing_final_extension_and_gap(self):
+        h = mount(ready(), 'tap1')
+        align(h)
+        dynamic(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        near(h, 300e-6)
+        gap = h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(gap, 300e-6, delta=0.2e-6)
+        op = h.invoke('approach', setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=16e-9, z_servo_gain=1.0)['operation_id']
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['engage.state'], 'approaching')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['zscanner.extension_m'], rt.Z_SCAN_RANGE_M)              # the scanner is extended during the descent
+        dur = h.op['duration_s']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(dur, (gap - rt.Z_SCAN_RANGE_M + rt.Z_SCAN_RANGE_M / 2) / rt.APPROACH_SPEED_M_S + rt.APPROACH_SETTLE_S, delta=0.05)
+        h.step(dur / 2)
+        self.assertLess(h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m'], gap / 2 + 1e-6)
+        wait(h, op)
+        r = h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r['engage.state'], 'engaged')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['zscanner.extension_m'], rt.Z_SCAN_RANGE_M * rt.APPROACH_TARGET_EXTENSION, delta=5e-9)
+        self.assertGreater(r['truth.tip_force_n'], 0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'ENGAGED', x_m=0.001, y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'head.turn_knob', 'ENGAGED', knob='beam_x', turns=0.1)
+        h.invoke('retract', distance_m=rt.RETRACT_DISTANCE_M)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.engaged)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m'], rt.RETRACT_DISTANCE_M + (h._floor_under_tip() and 0.0) + 7.5e-6
+                               - (h.engaged or {}).get('x', 0.0) + (r['truth.gap_m'] or 0.0), delta=3e-6)
+
+    def test_contact_crash_and_dynamic_false_engage(self):
+        h = mount(ready(), 'cont1')
+        align(h)
+        h.invoke('head.configure', mode='contact', cantilever_db='contal_g')
+        h.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='pspd_y', turns=2.5)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='sio2', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        near(h)
+        op = h.invoke('approach', setpoint_force_n=5e-9, setpoint_amplitude_m=None, z_servo_gain=1.0)['operation_id']
+        wait(h, op)
+        self.assertEqual((h.operations[op]['phase'], h.operations[op]['reason']), ('failed', 'APPROACH_FAILED'))
+        self.assertEqual(h._probe()['damage'], 'tip_broken')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.engaged)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertGreater(h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m'], 50e-6)                        # SmartScan lifts the head after the failure
+        g = mount(ready(), 'tap1')
+        align(g)
+        dynamic(g)
+        g.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='pspd_y', turns=2.5)
+        _, op = engage(g, GRATING)
+        self.assertEqual(g.operations[op]['phase'], 'completed')
+        self.assertTrue(g.engaged['false'])
+        rec = scan(g)
+        self.assertIn('false_engage', rec['warnings'])
+        self.assertIn('error_saturated', rec['warnings'])
+        self.assertLess(np.ptp(img(rec)), 1e-9)                                               # nothing imaged: the tip hovers far above
+
+    def test_feedback_error_speed_gain_parachuting_and_oscillation(self):
+        h = _scenario('engaged')
+        err = {}
+        for gain, rate in ((0.3, 2.0), (1.0, 2.0), (3.0, 2.0), (1.0, 0.5)):
+            rec = scan(h, z_servo_gain=gain, rate_hz=rate, save_retrace=True)
+            err[(gain, rate)] = float(np.std(img(rec, 'error')))
+            if (gain, rate) == (0.3, 2.0):
+                slow = rec
+        self.assertGreater(err[(0.3, 2.0)], err[(1.0, 2.0)])
+        self.assertGreater(err[(1.0, 2.0)], err[(3.0, 2.0)])
+        self.assertGreater(err[(1.0, 2.0)], err[(1.0, 0.5)])
+        self.assertIn('error_saturated', slow['warnings'])                                     # the tip parachutes off the pit walls at low gain
+        t, r = img(slow, 'height', 'trace'), img(slow, 'height', 'retrace')
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.std(t - r)), 3e-9)                                       # trace and retrace differ where the feedback lags
+        m = _scenario('engaged')
+        m.invoke('retract', distance_m=100e-6)
+        settle(m)
+        engage(m, MICA)
+        below = scan(m, size_m=1e-6, z_servo_gain=3.0)
+        above = scan(m, size_m=1e-6, z_servo_gain=8.0)
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.std(img(above, 'error'))), 10 * float(np.std(img(below, 'error'))))   # above the critical gain 4 of tapping
+
+    def test_z_range_saturation(self):
+        h = _scenario('engaged')
+        h.invoke('retract', distance_m=200e-6)
+        settle(h)
+        engage(h, TALL)
+        rec = scan(h, size_m=40e-6, pixels_x=64, pixels_y=32, rate_hz=1.0)
+        self.assertIn('z_scanner_saturated', rec['warnings'])
+        z = img(rec)
+        self.assertLessEqual(float(np.ptp(z)), rt.Z_SCAN_RANGE_M + 1e-9)
+
+    def test_scan_limits(self):
+        h = _scenario('engaged')
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'TIP_SPEED_TOO_HIGH', **dict(SCAN, size_m=50e-6, rate_hz=3.0))
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'SCAN_OUT_OF_RANGE', **dict(SCAN, size_m=40e-6, offset_x_m=10e-6, rate_hz=1.0))
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'SCAN_OUT_OF_RANGE', **dict(SCAN, size_m=40e-6, angle_rad=math.pi / 4, rate_hz=1.0))
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'SIMULATION_LIMIT', **dict(SCAN, pixels_x=4096, pixels_y=2048, rate_hz=0.1))
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'SETPOINT_REQUIRED', **dict(SCAN, setpoint_force_n=5e-9, setpoint_amplitude_m=None))
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'SETPOINT_OUT_OF_RANGE', **dict(SCAN, setpoint_amplitude_m=25e-9))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- physics
+class ImagingPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_tip_dilation_of_a_sphere_matches_the_analytic_envelope(self):
+        """A sphere of radius r imaged by a spherical apex R: apparent surface = sphere of radius r + R about the particle centre (apex contour)."""
+        r, R, px, m = 10e-9, 8e-9, 1e-9, 20
+        n = 61 + 2 * m
+        x = (np.arange(n) - n // 2) * px
+        X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, x)
+        g = np.where(X ** 2 + Y ** 2 < r * r, r + np.sqrt(np.maximum(r * r - X ** 2 - Y ** 2, 0.0)), 0.0)
+        alpha = math.radians(20.0)
+        hd = rt.dilate_grid(g, px, px, R, alpha, m)
+        xi = x[m:-m]
+        env = np.where(np.abs(xi) < r + R, r + np.sqrt(np.maximum((r + R) ** 2 - xi ** 2, 0.0)) - R, 0.0)
+        line = hd[hd.shape[0] // 2]
+        core = np.abs(xi) < 0.95 * (r + R) * math.cos(alpha)                                   # contact on the spherical cap of the tip
+        self.assertLess(float(np.max(np.abs(line[core] - np.maximum(env[core], 0.0)))), 0.6e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(line.max()), 2 * r, delta=1e-12)
+        half = xi[line > r]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(half.max() - half.min()), 2 * math.sqrt((r + R) ** 2 - R * R), delta=2 * px)
+
+    def test_calibration_grating_step_height_and_pitch(self):
+        h = _scenario('engaged')
+        rec = scan(h, size_m=10e-6, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128, rate_hz=1.0)
+        st = h.invoke('analysis.step_height', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='plane_upper', method='histogram',
+                      region_a_px=None, region_b_px=None)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['step_m'], 100e-9, delta=7e-9)                               # manual: 100 nm +- 7 nm
+        z = img(rec, flatten='plane_upper')
+        prof = z.mean(axis=0) - z.mean()
+        spec = np.abs(np.fft.rfft(prof))
+        k = int(np.argmax(spec[1:])) + 1
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(10e-6 / k, 3e-6, delta=0.4e-6)                                 # 3 um pitch
+        line_biased = h.invoke('analysis.step_height', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='line_1', method='histogram',
+                               region_a_px=None, region_b_px=None)
+        self.assertGreater(abs(line_biased['step_m'] - 100e-9), 20e-9)                         # line flattening through the pits biases it (as in XEI)
+
+    def test_hopg_monatomic_step(self):
+        """Step height from two narrow regions on either side of each step edge after levelling on one terrace (as in XEI): the interlayer spacing 0.335 nm."""
+        h = tapping_engaged(sample=HOPG)
+        rec = scan(h, size_m=1.2e-6, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128, rate_hz=1.0)
+        z = img(rec)
+        s = copy.deepcopy(h._sample())
+        s['tilt_rad'] = [0.0, 0.0]
+        s['topography'] = dict(s['topography'], rq_m=0.0)
+        ideal = rt.Surface(s)
+        n = 128
+        u = (np.arange(n) + 0.5) * 1.2e-6 / n - 0.6e-6
+        U, V = np.meshgrid(u, u)
+        p0 = h._tip_in_sample()
+        dr = h._drift(h.records[rec['record_id']]['started_s'])
+        lev = np.round(ideal.evaluate(p0[0] + U + dr[0], p0[1] + V + dr[1])[0] / 0.335e-9)
+        z = z - rt._plane_fit(z, lev == np.median(lev))                                          # level the image on one terrace (plane by region)
+        steps = []
+        for j in range(n):
+            for i in np.nonzero(np.diff(lev[j]))[0]:
+                if 12 <= i < n - 12 and len(set(lev[j, i - 11:i + 13].tolist())) == 2:
+                    steps.append((np.median(z[j, i + 3:i + 11]) - np.median(z[j, i - 9:i - 1])) / (lev[j, i + 1] - lev[j, i]))
+        self.assertGreater(len(steps), 20)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.median(steps)), 0.335e-9, delta=0.04e-9)
+        terrace = z[lev == np.median(lev)]
+        self.assertLess(float(np.std(rt.flatten_image(z, 'plane')[lev == np.median(lev)])), 0.12e-9)
+        self.assertGreater(terrace.size, 100)
+
+
+    def test_phase_contrast_and_height_of_a_ps_pmma_blend(self):
+        h = tapping_engaged(sample=BLEND)
+        rec = scan(h, size_m=10e-6, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128, rate_hz=0.5)
+        H, P = img(rec, flatten='plane'), img(rec, 'phase')
+        s = h._sample()['surface']
+        n = 128
+        u = (np.arange(n) + 0.5) * 10e-6 / n - 5e-6
+        U, V = np.meshgrid(u, u)
+        p0 = h._tip_in_sample()
+        dr = h._drift(h.records[rec['record_id']]['started_s'])
+        _, mat = s.evaluate(p0[0] + U + dr[0], p0[1] + V + dr[1])
+        dh = float(np.median(H[mat == 0]) - np.median(H[mat == 1]))
+        dphi = float(np.median(P[mat == 1]) - np.median(P[mat == 0]))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(dh, 12e-9, delta=2e-9)                                          # PMMA domains 12 nm lower (template)
+        self.assertGreater(abs(dphi), math.radians(0.5))                                       # dissipation contrast of PS / PMMA
+        mp = h.engaged['mp']
+        self.assertGreater(mp['mats'][1]['E_dis'], mp['mats'][0]['E_dis'])                     # PMMA: larger surface energy -> adhesion hysteresis
+        self.assertGreater(dphi, 0.0)
+        self.assertTrue(np.all(P < math.pi / 2 + 1e-3))                                        # repulsive regime: phase lag below 90 deg
+
+    def test_true_non_contact_operating_point_and_drive_side(self):
+        nc = _scenario('nc_engaged')
+        mp = nc.engaged['mp']
+        self.assertEqual(mp['regime'], 'non_contact')
+        gap = mp['mats'][0]['gap']
+        self.assertTrue(0.3e-9 < gap < 5e-9, gap)
+        self.assertLess(nc.read('evaluator')['truth.tip_force_n'], 2e-9)                       # attractive van der Waals force, below 2 nN
+        rec = scan(nc, size_m=2e-6, setpoint_amplitude_m=9.5e-9)
+        self.assertTrue(np.all(img(rec, 'phase') > math.pi / 2))                               # attractive regime: phase lag above 90 deg
+        self.assertNotIn('nc_contact_regime', rec['warnings'])
+        r0 = nc._probe()['radius']
+        for _ in range(3):
+            scan(nc, size_m=2e-6, setpoint_amplitude_m=9.5e-9)
+        self.assertLess(nc._probe()['radius'] - r0, 0.2e-9)                                    # practically no wear
+        # the drive below the resonance: the attraction raises the amplitude first, the operating point does not exist
+        h = mount(ready(), 'nc1')
+        align(h)
+        dynamic(h, mode='non_contact', amplitude=10e-9, above=0.9992)
+        engage(h, SIO2, setpoint=9.5e-9)
+        self.assertEqual(h.engaged['mp']['regime'], 'contact_regime')
+        self.assertIn('NC_CONTACT_REGIME', [e['code'] for e in h.events])
+        rec = scan(h, size_m=2e-6, setpoint_amplitude_m=9.5e-9)
+        self.assertIn('nc_contact_regime', rec['warnings'])
+        # table physics: frequency shift of small amplitudes is -f0 F' / 2k
+        k, f0, C, D = 40.0, 3e5, 1e-28, 5e-9
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(rt.nc_shift(np.array([D]), np.array([0.01e-9]), k, f0, C)[0]), -f0 * (2 * C / (D + 0.01e-9) ** 3) / (2 * k), delta=1e-3 * abs(f0 * 2 * C / D ** 3 / (2 * k)))
+
+    def test_contact_mode_indentation_and_tip_wear(self):
+        h = contact_engaged(sample=SIO2, setpoint=10e-9)
+        r0 = h._probe()['radius']
+        for _ in range(2):
+            scan(h, size_m=10e-6, rate_hz=2.0, setpoint_force_n=10e-9)
+        worn_hard = h._probe()['radius'] - r0
+        p = contact_engaged(sample=PMMA, setpoint=10e-9)
+        r1 = p._probe()['radius']
+        for _ in range(2):
+            scan(p, size_m=10e-6, rate_hz=2.0, setpoint_force_n=10e-9)
+        worn_soft = p._probe()['radius'] - r1
+        self.assertGreater(worn_hard, 1e-9)
+        self.assertGreater(worn_hard, 1.5 * worn_soft)                                         # Archard-type wear scales with the sample hardness
+        t = _scenario('engaged')
+        tr0 = t._probe()['radius']
+        for _ in range(2):
+            scan(t, size_m=10e-6, rate_hz=2.0)
+        self.assertLess((t._probe()['radius'] - tr0) / 11.4e-9, worn_hard / r0)                # tapping wears less than contact
+        # the load indents the softer film more (DMT), visible in the true force and offsets
+        mh, ms = h.engaged['mp'], p.engaged['mp']
+        self.assertGreater(-ms['mats'][0]['offset'] - ms['d_set'], -mh['mats'][0]['offset'] - mh['d_set'])
+        # the feedback holds VERTICAL = V_free + dV on the erf response of the photodiode (F07): true load = k x deflection at that signal
+        o = h._optics()
+        dV = 10e-9 * h.cal['sensitivity_v_per_m'] / h.cal['spring_constant_n_m']
+        V_free = float(rt.pspd_signal(o['I'], o['p_v'], o['S'], 0.0))
+        d = rt.pspd_inverse(o['I'], o['p_v'], o['S'], V_free + dV)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.tip_force_n'], h._probe()['truth']['k'] * d, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['pspd.vertical_v'], V_free + dV, delta=1e-9)
+
+    def test_noise_floor_with_enclosure_isolation_and_bursts(self):
+        rq = {}
+        for enc in (True, False):
+            h = tapping_engaged(sample=MICA, acoustic_enclosure=enc, vibration_isolation=enc)
+            rec = scan(h, size_m=500e-9, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128, rate_hz=2.0)
+            rq[enc] = float(np.std(img(rec, flatten='line_1')))
+        self.assertLess(rq[True], 0.05e-9)                                                     # mica about 0.03 nm with enclosure and isolation
+        self.assertGreater(rq[False], 1.4 * rq[True])
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vibration_burst', active=True)
+        rec = scan(h, size_m=500e-9, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128, rate_hz=2.0)
+        self.assertGreater(float(np.std(img(rec, flatten='line_1'))), 5 * rq[False])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(rt.Z_DETECTOR_NOISE_M, 0.02e-9)
+
+    def test_thermal_drift_settles_after_loading(self):
+        h = tapping_engaged(sample=AUNP, acoustic_enclosure=False)
+        def shift(a, b):
+            A, B = np.fft.fft2(a - a.mean()), np.fft.fft2(b - b.mean())
+            c = np.fft.ifft2(A * np.conj(B)).real
+            j, i = np.unravel_index(np.argmax(c), c.shape)
+            n = a.shape[0]
+            return math.hypot((i + n // 2) % n - n // 2, (j + n // 2) % n - n // 2)
+        early = [img(scan(h, size_m=500e-9, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128, rate_hz=1.0), flatten='line_1') for _ in range(2)]
+        d0 = h.read('evaluator')['truth.drift_m']
+        h.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        late = [img(scan(h, size_m=500e-9, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128, rate_hz=1.0), flatten='line_1') for _ in range(2)]
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(shift(early[1], early[0]), 1.0)                                # nm per minute right after loading
+        self.assertLess(shift(late[1], late[0]), shift(early[1], early[0]))
+        d1 = h.read('evaluator')['truth.drift_m']
+        self.assertGreater(math.hypot(d1[0] - d0[0], d1[1] - d0[1]), 0.0)
+
+
+class SpectroscopyAndCalibration(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_thermal_tune_recovers_k_and_propagates_the_sensitivity_error(self):
+        h = mount(ready(), 'cont1')
+        align(h)
+        h.invoke('head.configure', mode='contact', cantilever_db='contal_g')
+        tr = h._probe()['truth']
+        S = h._optics()['S']
+        h.invoke('calibration.set', spring_constant_n_m=None, sensitivity_v_per_m=S)
+        rec = wait(h, h.invoke('calibration.thermal_tune', temperature_k=295.15, averages=200)['operation_id'])
+        fit = rec['data']['fit']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fit['spring_constant_n_m'] / tr['k'], 1.0, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fit['resonance_hz'] / tr['f0'], 1.0, delta=0.002)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fit['quality_factor'] / tr['Q'], 1.0, delta=0.15)
+        self.assertEqual(h.cal['spring_constant_source'], 'thermal_tune')
+        h.invoke('calibration.set', spring_constant_n_m=None, sensitivity_v_per_m=1.2 * S)
+        k2 = wait(h, h.invoke('calibration.thermal_tune', temperature_k=295.15, averages=200)['operation_id'])['data']['fit']['spring_constant_n_m']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(k2 / fit['spring_constant_n_m'], 1.44, delta=0.08)             # k ~ S^2
+        h.invoke('calibration.set', spring_constant_n_m=None, sensitivity_v_per_m=S)
+        k3 = wait(h, h.invoke('calibration.thermal_tune', temperature_k=320.0, averages=200)['operation_id'])['data']['fit']['spring_constant_n_m']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(k3 / fit['spring_constant_n_m'], 320.0 / 295.15, delta=0.06)                # the user-entered temperature scales k
+        # a wrong cantilever entry puts the resonance outside the window
+        h.invoke('head.configure', mode='contact', cantilever_db='ac160ts')
+        rec = wait(h, h.invoke('calibration.thermal_tune', temperature_k=295.15, averages=50)['operation_id'])
+        self.assertIn('no_resonance_in_window', rec['warnings'])
+
+    def test_sensitivity_from_force_curves_and_the_pull_off(self):
+        h = mount(ready(humidity=0.40), 'cont1')
+        align(h)
+        h.invoke('head.configure', mode='contact', cantilever_db='contal_g')
+        set_true_calibration(h)
+        engage(h, SIO2, mode='contact', setpoint=2e-9)
+        fd = wait(h, h.invoke('fd.acquire', z_range_m=200e-9, rate_hz=1.0, trigger_force_n=4e-9, dwell_s=0.0, count=2, positions_m=[[0.0, 0.0]])['operation_id'])
+        r = h.invoke('calibration.sensitivity', record_id=fd['record_id'], curve_index=0, branch='approach')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sensitivity_v_per_m'] / h._optics()['S'], 1.0, delta=0.02)   # hard sample, soft lever, small deflection
+        self.assertGreater(r['r2'], 0.999)
+        c = fd['data']['curves'][0]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(-min(c['force_retract_n']) / c['_truth']['adhesion_n'], 1.0, delta=0.08)
+        self.assertLess(min(c['force_approach_n']), 0.0)                                       # jump-in to contact
+        self.assertTrue(c['triggered'])
+        # more humidity: capillary condensation adds adhesion
+        w = mount(ready(humidity=0.70), 'cont1')
+        align(w)
+        w.invoke('head.configure', mode='contact', cantilever_db='contal_g')
+        set_true_calibration(w)
+        engage(w, SIO2, mode='contact', setpoint=2e-9)
+        fdw = wait(w, w.invoke('fd.acquire', z_range_m=300e-9, rate_hz=1.0, trigger_force_n=4e-9, dwell_s=0.0, count=1, positions_m=[[0.0, 0.0]])['operation_id'])
+        self.assertGreater(-min(fdw['data']['curves'][0]['force_retract_n']), 1.3 * -min(c['force_retract_n']))
+        # analytic check of the branches: pull-off at z_rel = F_ad / k, jump-in at 1.5 (2C / k)^(1/3)
+        k, R, Es, Fad, C = 0.2, 10e-9, 50e9, 5e-9, 1e-19 * 10e-9 / 6
+        z = np.linspace(60e-9, -30e-9, 4000)
+        d_app, d_ret, info = rt.fd_branches(z, k, R, Es, Fad, C)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(info['pull_off_z_m'], Fad / k, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.min(k * d_ret)), -Fad, delta=0.02 * Fad)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(info['jump_in_z_m'], 1.5 * (2 * C / k) ** (1 / 3), delta=1e-15)
+
+    def test_dmt_fit_recovers_the_modulus_of_a_polymer_film(self):
+        h = mount(ready(), 'multi1')
+        align(h)
+        h.invoke('head.configure', mode='contact', cantilever_db='multi75al_g')
+        set_true_calibration(h)
+        engage(h, PMMA, mode='contact', setpoint=2e-9)
+        fd = wait(h, h.invoke('fd.acquire', z_range_m=80e-9, rate_hz=1.0, trigger_force_n=60e-9, dwell_s=0.0, count=1, positions_m=[[0.0, 0.0]])['operation_id'])
+        c = fd['data']['curves'][0]
+        m = rt.material('pmma')
+        fit = h.invoke('analysis.fd_fit', record_id=fd['record_id'], curve_index=0, branch='retract', model='dmt', tip_radius_m=c['_truth']['tip_radius_m'],
+                       sample_poisson_ratio=m['nu'], tip_modulus_pa=169e9, tip_poisson_ratio=0.27)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fit['reduced_modulus_pa'] / c['_truth']['reduced_modulus_pa'], 1.0, delta=0.25)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fit['sample_modulus_pa'] / m['E'], 1.0, delta=0.3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fit['adhesion_n'] / c['_truth']['adhesion_n'], 1.0, delta=0.1)
+        hz = h.invoke('analysis.fd_fit', record_id=fd['record_id'], curve_index=0, branch='approach', model='hertz', tip_radius_m=c['_truth']['tip_radius_m'],
+                      sample_poisson_ratio=m['nu'], tip_modulus_pa=169e9, tip_poisson_ratio=0.27)
+        self.assertGreater(hz['reduced_modulus_pa'], 0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.fd_fit', 'UNKNOWN_CURVE', record_id=fd['record_id'], curve_index=5, branch='retract', model='dmt', tip_radius_m=10e-9,
+                 sample_poisson_ratio=0.35, tip_modulus_pa=169e9, tip_poisson_ratio=0.27)
+
+    def test_frequency_sweep_and_drive(self):
+        h = mount(ready(), 'tap1')
+        align(h)
+        rejected(h, 'ncm.frequency_sweep', 'MODE_NOT_CONFIGURED', start_hz=250e3, stop_hz=330e3, points=512)
+        h.invoke('head.configure', mode='contact', cantilever_db='ac160ts')
+        rejected(h, 'ncm.set_drive', 'MODE_NOT_DYNAMIC', frequency_hz=3e5, amplitude_m=20e-9)
+        h.invoke('head.configure', mode='tapping', cantilever_db='ac160ts')
+        tr = h._probe()['truth']
+        rec = wait(h, h.invoke('ncm.frequency_sweep', start_hz=tr['f0'] * 0.98, stop_hz=tr['f0'] * 1.02, points=2048)['operation_id'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rec['data']['peak_hz'] / tr['f0'], 1.0, delta=1e-4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rec['data']['quality_factor_estimate'] / tr['Q'], 1.0, delta=0.15)
+        ph = np.asarray(rec['data']['phase_rad'])
+        self.assertLess(ph[0], 0.3)
+        self.assertGreater(ph[-1], math.pi - 0.3)
+        rejected(h, 'ncm.set_drive', 'DRIVE_OFF_RESONANCE', frequency_hz=tr['f0'] * 1.5, amplitude_m=50e-9)
+        h.invoke('ncm.set_drive', frequency_hz=tr['f0'], amplitude_m=20e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['ncm.amplitude_m'], 20e-9, delta=1e-12)
+        h.invoke('calibration.set', spring_constant_n_m=None, sensitivity_v_per_m=2 * h.cal['sensitivity_v_per_m'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['ncm.amplitude_m'], 10e-9, delta=1e-12)              # the displayed amplitude follows the calibration
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- faults, cancellation, data
+class FaultsCancelAndData(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_sld_failure_during_a_scan_keeps_the_scanned_lines(self):
+        h = _scenario('engaged')
+        op = h.invoke('scan.start', **SCAN)['operation_id']
+        h.step(9.0)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='sld_failure', active=True)
+        rec = h.records['IMG0001']
+        self.assertEqual((h.operations[op]['phase'], h.operations[op]['reason'], rec['status']), ('failed', 'SLD_FAILURE', 'failed'))
+        self.assertEqual(rec['meta']['lines_completed'], 18)                                   # 9 s at 2 Hz, including the partial block
+        self.assertTrue(np.isnan(np.asarray(rec['data']['height']['trace'])[18:]).all())
+        self.assertIsNone(h.engaged)
+        self.assertEqual(h.error, 'SLD_FAILURE')
+        rejected(h, 'system.acknowledge', 'CAUSE_PERSISTS')
+        rejected(h, 'z_stage.move', 'ERROR_PENDING', z_m=0.001)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='sld_failure', active=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('system.acknowledge')['cleared'], 'SLD_FAILURE')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['beam.emitting'])
+
+    def test_cancel_keeps_lines_and_the_engagement(self):
+        h = _scenario('engaged')
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='scan.start', arguments=SCAN, request_id='s1')
+        h.step(20.25)
+        c = s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1')
+        self.assertEqual(c['result']['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c1'), c)                                 # idempotent
+        c2 = s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c2')                                                  # a refused cancel answers like invoke (F11)
+        self.assertEqual((c2['status'], c2['error']['code'], c2['error']['side_effects']), ('rejected', 'NOT_RUNNING', 'none'))
+        self.assertEqual(s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'c2'), c2)
+        rec = h.records['IMG0001']
+        self.assertEqual((rec['status'], rec['meta']['lines_completed']), ('cancelled', 40))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(h.engaged)
+        # cancelling an approach stops the Z stage where it is
+        a = _scenario('near')
+        op = a.invoke('approach', setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=16e-9, z_servo_gain=1.0)['operation_id']
+        a.step(0.7)
+        q = a.qz
+        a._cancel_op(a.operations[op])
+        a.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(a.qz, q)
+        self.assertIsNone(a.engaged)
+        # a cancelled thermal tune leaves the calibration unchanged
+        t = _scenario('tuning')
+        cal = dict(t.cal)
+        t._cancel_op(t.operations[t.op['op']])
+        self.assertEqual(t.cal, cal)
+        self.assertEqual(t.records['TT0001']['data'], {})
+
+    def test_stage_stalls_and_the_broken_tip(self):
+        h = _scenario('aligned')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='xy_stage_stall', active=True)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.003, y_m=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.error, h.xy), ('XY_STAGE_FAULT', [0.0, 0.0]))
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='xy_stage_stall', active=False)
+        h.invoke('system.acknowledge')
+        z = _scenario('near')
+        op = z.invoke('approach', setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=16e-9, z_servo_gain=1.0)['operation_id']
+        z.step(0.5)
+        z.invoke('fault.inject', fault='z_stage_stall', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual((z.operations[op]['phase'], z.operations[op]['reason'], z.error), ('failed', 'Z_STAGE_FAULT', 'Z_STAGE_FAULT'))
+        # a broken tip (evaluator) blurs the image of the gold particles
+        b = tapping_engaged(sample=AUNP)
+        sharp = img(scan(b, size_m=500e-9, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128, rate_hz=1.0))
+        b.invoke('fault.inject', fault='tip_broken', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(b._probe()['damage'], 'tip_broken')
+        blunt = img(scan(b, size_m=500e-9, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128, rate_hz=1.0))
+        above = [float(np.mean(z - np.percentile(z, 10, axis=1, keepdims=True) > 5e-9)) for z in (sharp, blunt)]   # substrate level per line (drift)
+        self.assertGreater(above[1], 3.0 * above[0])                                               # the 20 nm particles look much wider
+
+    def test_records_delete_full_and_result_extraction(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        r = h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id='IMG0001', channel='phase', direction='trace', region_px=[8, 8, 40, 24], max_values=128)
+        self.assertEqual(r['data']['unit'], 'rad')
+        self.assertLessEqual(r['data']['shape'][0] * r['data']['shape'][1], 128)
+        self.assertEqual(r['data']['factor'], 2)
+        rejected(h, 'measurement.result', 'CHANNEL_NOT_RECORDED', record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='retrace', region_px=None, max_values=128)
+        rejected(h, 'measurement.result', 'REGION_OUT_OF_RANGE', record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', region_px=[0, 0, 65, 10], max_values=128)
+        f = h.invoke('analysis.flatten', record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', method='plane_upper')
+        pr = h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id=f['record_id'], channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None, max_values=65536)
+        self.assertEqual(pr['record']['kind'], 'processed')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pr['data']['stats']['mean'], float(np.mean(rt.flatten_image(img(h.records['IMG0001']), 'plane_upper'))), delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.delete', record_id=f['record_id'])['remaining'], len(h.records))
+        rejected(h, 'records.delete', 'UNKNOWN_RECORD', record_id=f['record_id'])
+        h.records.update({f'X{i:04d}': dict(h.records['IMG0001'], record_id=f'X{i:04d}') for i in range(rt.MAX_RECORDS - len(h.records))})
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.flatten', 'RECORDS_FULL', record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', method='plane')
+        rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'RECORDS_FULL', **SCAN)
+
+
+class AnalysisFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_flatten_roughness_profile_and_regions(self):
+        yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:64, 0:64]
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(1)
+        noise = rng.standard_normal((64, 64)) * 1e-9
+        z = 3e-9 + 2e-10 * xx - 1e-10 * yy + noise
+        f = rt.flatten_image(z, 'plane')
+        self.assertLess(abs(float(np.polyfit(np.arange(64), f.mean(axis=0), 1)[0])), 1e-12)
+        st = rt.roughness_stats(f)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['rq_m'], float(np.std(noise)), delta=0.03e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['ra_m'], st['rq_m'] * math.sqrt(2 / math.pi), delta=0.05e-9)   # Gaussian surface: Ra = Rq sqrt(2 / pi)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['rku'], 3.0, delta=0.3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['rsk'], 0.0, delta=0.2)
+        for order in (0, 1, 2):
+            ff = rt.flatten_image(z + 5e-9 * ((xx / 63.0) * 2 - 1) ** order, f'line_{order}')
+            self.assertLess(float(np.max(np.abs(ff.mean(axis=1)))), 1e-12)
+        p = rt.line_profile(np.tile(np.arange(10.0), (5, 1)), (0, 2), (9, 2), 19)
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(p, np.linspace(0, 9, 19)))
+        two = np.where(xx < 32, 0.0, 7e-9) + noise * 0.1
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.step_height_histogram(two)['step_m'], 7e-9, delta=0.1e-9)
+        small, fac = rt.downsample(np.arange(100.0).reshape(10, 10), 25)
+        self.assertEqual((small.shape, fac), ((5, 5), 2))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(small[0, 0], np.mean([0, 1, 10, 11]))
+
+    def test_image_analysis_capabilities(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        rr = h.invoke('analysis.roughness', record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='plane', region_px=[0, 0, 32, 32])
+        self.assertEqual(rr['pixels'], 32 * 32)
+        lp = h.invoke('analysis.line_profile', record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='plane', start_px=[0, 10], end_px=[63, 10],
+                      points=64)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(lp['distance_m'][-1], 63 * 5e-6 / 64, delta=1e-15)
+        rg = h.invoke('analysis.step_height', record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='plane', method='regions', region_a_px=[0, 0, 4, 4],
+                      region_b_px=[20, 20, 30, 30])
+        self.assertEqual(rg['method'], 'regions')
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.step_height', 'REGION_REQUIRED', record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='plane', method='regions',
+                 region_a_px=None, region_b_px=None)
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.roughness', 'REGION_OUT_OF_RANGE', record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='plane', region_px=[0, 0, 1, 1])
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.roughness', 'RECORD_NOT_SUITABLE', record_id='FS0001', channel='height', direction='trace', flatten='plane', region_px=None)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- ledgers, isolation, sessions
+class LedgersIsolationSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_energy_travel_and_count_ledgers_close(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(100.0)
+        mount(h, 'tap1')
+        align(h)
+        dynamic(h)
+        engage(h)
+        scan(h, pixels_y=32)
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['electrical_energy_j'], rt.ELECTRONICS_POWER_W * h.t, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['scan_lines'], 32.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['scanner_path_m'], 32 * 2 * SCAN['size_m'], delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertEqual(led['approaches'], 1.0)
+        z_moves = h.led['z_stage_travel_m'].value()
+        self.assertGreater(z_moves, 0.005)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        e0, t0 = h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], h.t
+        h.step(50.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], e0)                                 # no energy while off
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['beam_on_s'], led['beam_on_s'] + 0.0 * (h.t - t0))
+
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = _scenario('engaged'), _scenario('engaged')
+        a.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vibration_burst', active=True)
+        scan(a)
+        self.assertNotIn('IMG0001', b.records)
+        self.assertEqual(b.faults, set())
+        self.assertNotEqual(a.ledger()['scan_lines'], b.ledger()['scan_lines'])
+
+    def test_agent_does_not_see_truth_templates_or_evaluator_warnings(self):
+        h = _scenario('near')
+        h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        s, e = h.session('agent'), h.session('eval')
+        iid = h.instance_id
+        obs = s.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.read(instance_id=iid, state_ids=['truth.probe'])
+        self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='fault.inject', arguments=dict(fault='tip_broken', active=True), request_id='f1')['error']['code'],
+                         'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        d = s.describe(instance_id=iid)
+        self.assertNotIn('fault.inject', d['capabilities'])
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in d['state_slots'] if k.startswith('truth.')])
+        h.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='pspd_y', turns=2.5)
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='approach', arguments=dict(setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=16e-9, z_servo_gain=1.0), request_id='a1')
+        wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='scan.start', arguments=SCAN, request_id='s1')
+        wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        mine = s.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None,
+                                                                                               max_values=256), request_id='m1')['result']
+        full = e.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None,
+                                                                                               max_values=256), request_id='m2')['result']
+        self.assertIn('false_engage', full['record']['warnings'])
+        self.assertNotIn('false_engage', mine['record']['warnings'])
+        self.assertEqual(mine['record']['template_source'], dict(library='sample_library.json', template_id=None, substances=[]))
+        self.assertEqual(full['record']['template_source']['template_id'], 'calibration_grating_xyz')
+        self.assertNotIn('false_engage', s.poll(r['operation_id'])['result']['warnings'])
+        ev = s.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e1')['result']['events']
+        self.assertFalse([x for x in ev if x['kind'] == 'fault'])
+        self.assertTrue([x for x in e.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e2')['result']['events']
+                         if x['code'] == 'FALSE_ENGAGE'])
+
+    def test_records_and_control_belong_to_their_agent(self):
+        h = _scenario('engaged')
+        for n in ('a', 'b'):
+            h.register_principal(n, 'agent')
+        a, b = h.session('a'), h.session('b')
+        iid = h.instance_id
+        r = a.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='scan.start', arguments=SCAN, request_id='s1')
+        self.assertEqual(b.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='retract', arguments=dict(distance_m=1e-4), request_id='x')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertTrue(b.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']['operation.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        self.assertIsNone(b.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']['operation.id']['value'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            b.poll(r['operation_id'])
+        wait(h, r['operation_id'])
+        self.assertEqual(b.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None,
+                                                                                                        max_values=256), request_id='r')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertNotIn('IMG0001', b.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='l')['result']['records'])
+        self.assertEqual(b.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='records.delete', arguments=dict(record_id='IMG0001'), request_id='d')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertIsNone(b.read(instance_id=iid)['observations']['result.last_record_id']['value'] if 'FS0002' not in h.records else None)
+        ok = a.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='analysis.flatten', arguments=dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', method='plane'),
+                      request_id='f')
+        self.assertEqual(h._owners[ok['result']['record_id']], 'a')
+        again = a.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='analysis.flatten', arguments=dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace', method='plane'),
+                         request_id='f')
+        self.assertEqual(again, ok)                                                             # same request id: the same response, no new record
+        self.assertEqual(a.invoke(instance_id=iid, capability_id='analysis.flatten', arguments=dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='phase', direction='trace',
+                                                                                                    method='plane'), request_id='f')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_queries_and_bookkeeping(self):
+        h = _scenario('fd_done')
+        led = h.invoke('ledger.read')
+        self.assertEqual(led, h.ledger())
+        self.assertEqual(led['force_curves'], 2.0)
+        prov = h.invoke('provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual(set(prov['libraries']), {'nanomechanical_library.json', 'probe_library.json', 'sample_library.json'})
+        self.assertEqual((prov['substances'], prov['sample_templates']), (66, 15))
+        t = h.t
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=2.5)['time_s'], t + 2.5, places=9)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('records.list')['records'], sorted(h.records))
+        ev = h.invoke('events.read', since_s=t)
+        self.assertTrue(all(e['time_s'] >= t for e in ev['events']))
+        cam = h.invoke('camera.read')
+        self.assertEqual(cam['field_of_view_m'], list(rt.FIELD_OF_VIEW_M))
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('system.acknowledge')['cleared'], None)
+
+    def test_defects_become_device_errors(self):
+        h = _scenario('scanned')
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        h.records['IMG0001']['data'] = None                                                     # a corrupted record
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='analysis.roughness', arguments=dict(record_id='IMG0001', channel='height', direction='trace',
+                                                                                                    flatten='plane', region_px=None), request_id='x')
+        self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code'], r['error']['side_effects']), ('rejected', 'DEVICE_ERROR', 'unknown'))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects
+class DeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        """For every capability accepted in any scenario state: the slots it changes at once are declared effects, the slots whose change during the
+        following step differs from an identical run without the call are declared on_step effects, and the step itself only changes slots declared
+        as on_step effects of sim.step (the runtime noise is seeded by record and line counters, so both runs draw identical noise)."""
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        self.assertFalse([s for v in rt.ON_STEP.values() for s in v if rt.SLOTS[s]['origin'] == 'setpoint'])
+
+    def test_every_executable_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+    def test_long_window_effects_of_operations_are_declared(self):
+        """Every accepted asynchronous call is followed until its operation has left 'running' (+ 5 s), every other call for 120 s, comparing with
+        the identical run without the call every 0.25 s for the first 5 s and every 2 s after."""
+        missing = {}
+        for sname in LONG_SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(sname)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap == 'sim.step':
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        res = _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    oid = res.get('operation_id') if isinstance(res, dict) and cap in rt.ASYNC else None
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    B = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    t, t_end = 0.0, (1800.0 if oid else 120.0)
+                    while t < t_end - 1e-9:
+                        d = 0.25 if t < 5.0 - 1e-9 else 2.0
+                        A.step(d)
+                        B.step(d)
+                        t += d
+                        a2, b2 = A.read('evaluator'), B.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                        if oid and A.operations[oid]['phase'] != 'running' and t_end == 1800.0:
+                            t_end = t + 5.0
+        self.assertEqual(missing, {})
+
+
+class ReviewRound1Fixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the independent review round 1 (runtime F01-F12, contract C02-C04)."""
+
+    def test_F01_F02_F12_topography_parameters_are_bounded_and_work_limited(self):
+        h = configured(samples=(), probes=())
+        for i, (tid, ov) in enumerate([('hopg', {'terrace_width_m': 0.0}), ('ps_pmma_blend', {'domain_size_m': 0.0}), ('calibration_grating_xyz', {'pitch_m': 0.0}),
+                                       ('au_np_on_mica', {'diameter_m': 0.0}), ('graphene_on_sio2', {'flake_size_m': 0.0}), ('dna_on_mica', {'width_m': 0.0}),
+                                       ('dna_on_mica', {'persistence_length_m': 0.0}), ('mica', {'corr_length_m': 0.0}),
+                                       ('calibration_grating_xyz', {'pitch_m': 1e-6, 'edge_width_m': 0.9e-6}),       # edges wider than the box
+                                       ('au_np_on_mica', {'diameter_m': 3e-9, 'diameter_sd_m': 2e-9})]):          # spread above a third
+            rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', sample_id=f'b{i}', template_id=tid, seed=1, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0], topography_overrides=ov)
+        for i, (tid, ov) in enumerate([('graphene_on_sio2', {'flake_size_m': 5e-8}), ('au_np_on_mica', {'diameter_m': 2e-9, 'diameter_sd_m': 0.0, 'coverage': 0.5}),
+                                       ('dna_on_mica', {'width_m': 5e-10, 'coverage': 0.9})]):
+            rejected(h, 'sample.provide', 'SIMULATION_LIMIT', sample_id=f'w{i}', template_id=tid, seed=1, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0], topography_overrides=ov)
+        for tid, tpl in rt.sample_templates()['templates'].items():                          # every library template is in range and cheap
+            w = rt.topography_work(rt.flatten_topography(tpl['topography']))
+            self.assertTrue(w is not None and w <= 1.0, (tid, w))
+        # the smallest accepted objects keep a read fast; a defect inside read becomes DEVICE_ERROR, never a raw exception
+        import time
+        g = ready(samples=(dict(sample_id='g', template_id='dna_on_mica', seed=1, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0], topography_overrides={'width_m': 1e-9}),), probes=())
+        g.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='g', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        g.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        a = g.session('a')
+        t0 = time.time()
+        for _ in range(5):
+            a.read(instance_id=g.instance_id, state_ids=['clock.time_s'])
+        self.assertLess(time.time() - t0, 5.0)
+        g._pspd = lambda: 1 / 0
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as ctx:
+            a.read(instance_id=g.instance_id)
+        self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception), 'DEVICE_ERROR')
+
+    def test_F03_xy_moves_check_the_whole_path_and_a_resting_tip(self):
+        h = ready()
+        mount(h, 'cont1')
+        align(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=-0.0095, y_m=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=rt.Z_STAGE_LIMITS_M[0])                                   # touch stop on the holder beside the sample
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertEqual(h.events[-1]['code'], 'TOUCH_STOP')
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'COLLISION_RISK', x_m=0.0095, y_m=0.0)                     # the tip rests on the holder
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=h.qz + 0.5e-3)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertLess(h._tip_z(), h._top_z(h._sample()))                                     # still below the sample top
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'COLLISION_RISK', x_m=0.0095, y_m=0.0)                     # the sample lies on the path
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=-0.0090, y_m=0.0)                                         # along the holder: allowed
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=h.qz + 3e-3)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.0095, y_m=0.0)                                          # high above everything: allowed
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(h.read()['stage.xy_m'], [0.0095, 0.0], atol=1e-12))
+
+    def test_F04_the_approach_holds_the_tip_after_the_trigger(self):
+        h = ready()
+        mount(h, 'tap1')
+        align(h)
+        dynamic(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        near(h)
+        op = h.invoke('approach', setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=16e-9, z_servo_gain=1.0)['operation_id']
+        rows = []
+        while h.operations[op]['phase'] == 'running':
+            h.step(0.25)
+            ev = h.read('evaluator')
+            rows.append((ev['truth.gap_m'], ev['zscanner.extension_m'], h._tip_z(), ev['engage.state']))
+        before = [r for r in rows if r[0] is not None]
+        after = [r for r in rows if r[0] is None and r[3] == 'approaching']
+        self.assertTrue(before and after)
+        self.assertGreater(min(r[0] for r in before), 0.0)                                      # never inside the sample
+        ext = [r[1] for r in after]
+        self.assertTrue(all(b <= a + 1e-15 for a, b in zip(ext, ext[1:])))                     # the Z detector falls continuously ...
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ext[-1], rt.Z_SCAN_RANGE_M * rt.APPROACH_TARGET_EXTENSION, delta=1e-9)   # ... to half extension
+        self.assertLess(max(r[2] for r in after) - min(r[2] for r in after), 1e-10)           # the tip stays at the operating point
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['zscanner.extension_m'], rt.Z_SCAN_RANGE_M * rt.APPROACH_TARGET_EXTENSION, delta=1e-9)
+
+    def test_F05_the_drive_belongs_to_the_mounted_probe(self):
+        h = tapping_engaged()
+        pr = h._probe()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.engaged['mp']['A_free'],
+                               h.drive['A_res'] * float(rt.lorentz_amp(h.drive['frequency_hz'], pr['truth']['f0'], pr['truth']['Q'])), delta=1e-15)
+        h.invoke('retract', distance_m=100e-6)
+        settle(h)
+        mount(h, 'multi1')
+        align(h)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['ncm.drive'])                                               # the exchange clears the drive
+        h.invoke('head.configure', mode='tapping', cantilever_db='multi75al_g')
+        near(h)
+        rejected(h, 'approach', 'DRIVE_NOT_SET', setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=16e-9, z_servo_gain=1.0)
+        dynamic(h, db='multi75al_g')
+        shown = h.read()['ncm.amplitude_m']
+        rejected(h, 'approach', 'SETPOINT_OUT_OF_RANGE', setpoint_force_n=None, setpoint_amplitude_m=shown * 1.01, z_servo_gain=1.0)
+        h.invoke('head.configure', mode='tapping', cantilever_db='ac160ts')                    # another database entry clears it too
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['ncm.drive'])
+
+    def test_F06_error_channels_are_volts(self):
+        h = tapping_engaged()
+        rec = scan(h, pixels_x=64, pixels_y=32)
+        e = np.asarray(rec['data']['error']['trace'], float)
+        S = h._optics()['S']
+        self.assertEqual(rec['meta']['channel_units']['error'], 'V')
+        self.assertGreater(np.nanstd(e), 1e-4)                                                  # lock-in amplitude signal (V), not metres
+        self.assertLess(np.nanstd(e) / S, 5e-9)
+        c = contact_engaged(sample=SIO2)
+        rc = scan(c, pixels_x=64, pixels_y=32)
+        self.assertGreater(np.nanstd(np.asarray(rc['data']['error']['trace'], float)), 1e-5)
+
+    def test_F07_the_contact_set_point_is_held_on_the_erf_response(self):
+        c = ready()
+        mount(c, 'cont1')
+        align(c)
+        c.invoke('head.configure', mode='contact', cantilever_db='contal_g')
+        from scipy.special import erfinv
+        c.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='pspd_y', turns=float(erfinv(-0.85)) * rt.PSPD_SPOT_W_M / rt.KNOB_PSPD_M_PER_TURN)
+        V_free = c.read()['pspd.vertical_v']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(V_free / c.read()['pspd.intensity_v'], -0.85, delta=1e-6)
+        c.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='wafer', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(c)
+        near(c)
+        wait(c, c.invoke('approach', setpoint_force_n=20e-9, setpoint_amplitude_m=None, z_servo_gain=1.0)['operation_id'])
+        o = c._optics()
+        V_set = V_free + 20e-9 * c.cal['sensitivity_v_per_m'] / c.cal['spring_constant_n_m']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c.read()['pspd.vertical_v'], V_set, delta=1e-9)                 # the engaged VERTICAL is the set point
+        d = rt.pspd_inverse(o['I'], o['p_v'], o['S'], V_set)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c.read('evaluator')['truth.tip_force_n'], c._probe()['truth']['k'] * d, delta=1e-15)
+        self.assertGreater(c.read('evaluator')['truth.tip_force_n'], 1.3 * 20e-9 * c._probe()['truth']['k'] / c.cal['spring_constant_n_m']
+                           * c.cal['sensitivity_v_per_m'] / o['S'])                             # the erf slope is lower off-centre: more load
+
+    def test_F08_a_touch_stopped_tip_rests_on_the_surface(self):
+        d = ready()
+        mount(d, 'cont1')
+        align(d)
+        d.invoke('head.configure', mode='contact', cantilever_db='contal_g')
+        d.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='wafer', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(d)
+        near(d, gap=50e-6)
+        d.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=d.qz - 200e-6)
+        settle(d)
+        ev = d.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual((d.events[-1]['code'], ev['truth.gap_m']), ('TOUCH_STOP', 0.0))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ev['truth.tip_force_n'], d._probe()['truth']['k'] * rt.TOUCH_OVERSHOOT_M, delta=1e-12)
+        o = d._optics()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ev['pspd.vertical_v'], float(rt.pspd_signal(o['I'], o['p_v'], o['S'], rt.TOUCH_OVERSHOOT_M)), delta=1e-12)
+        rejected(d, 'calibration.thermal_tune', 'TIP_IN_CONTACT', temperature_k=295.15, averages=10)
+        rejected(d, 'approach', 'TIP_IN_CONTACT', setpoint_force_n=5e-9, setpoint_amplitude_m=None, z_servo_gain=1.0)
+        d.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=d.qz + 100e-6)
+        settle(d)
+        ev = d.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertGreater(ev['truth.gap_m'], 90e-6)
+        self.assertIsNone(ev['truth.tip_force_n'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ev['pspd.vertical_v'], float(rt.pspd_signal(o['I'], o['p_v'], o['S'], 0.0)), delta=1e-12)
+
+    def test_F09_record_memory_and_large_replays_are_bounded(self):
+        h = tapping_engaged()
+        old = rt.RECORD_MEMORY_BYTES
+        try:
+            rt.RECORD_MEMORY_BYTES = h._record_bytes() + 4 * 64 * 64 * 4 * 2 - 1              # one more 64 x 64 image with retrace does not fit
+            rejected(h, 'scan.start', 'RECORDS_FULL', **dict(SCAN, save_retrace=True))
+        finally:
+            rt.RECORD_MEMORY_BYTES = old
+        rec = scan(h, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128)
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        e = h.session('ev')
+        args = dict(record_id=rec['record_id'], channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None, max_values=65536)
+        first = e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=args, request_id='q0')
+        self.assertEqual(e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=args, request_id='q0'), first)
+        for i in range(1, rt.LARGE_RESPONSE_KEEP + 3):
+            e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=args, request_id=f'q{i}')
+        self.assertLessEqual(len(h._large_requests['ev']), rt.LARGE_RESPONSE_KEEP)
+        self.assertIsNone(h._requests[('ev', 'q0')][1])                                         # the oldest large result is no longer held,
+        self.assertEqual(e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='records.delete', arguments=dict(record_id=rec['record_id']),
+                                  request_id='q0')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')                   # but its request id stays bound (F17)
+        again = e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=args, request_id='q0')
+        self.assertEqual(again['result'], first['result'])                                     # a replayed read-only query gives the same result
+
+    def test_F10_a_truncated_tip_footprint_is_flagged_for_the_evaluator(self):
+        h = tapping_engaged(sample=TALL)
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        a = h.session('a')
+        r = a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='scan.start', request_id='fp',
+                     arguments=dict(SCAN, size_m=2e-6, pixels_x=512, pixels_y=16, rate_hz=1.0))
+        h.step(20.0)
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']]
+        self.assertIn('tip_footprint_truncated', rec['warnings'])
+        seen = a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', request_id='fp2',
+                        arguments=dict(record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='height', direction='trace', region_px=None, max_values=64))
+        self.assertNotIn('tip_footprint_truncated', seen['result']['record']['warnings'])
+
+    def test_F11_a_refused_cancel_answers_with_the_response_envelope(self):
+        h = _scenario('engaged')
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('b', 'agent')
+        a, b = h.session('a'), h.session('b')
+        r = a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='scan.start', arguments=SCAN, request_id='s1')
+        c = b.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'x1')
+        self.assertEqual((c['status'], c['error']['code'], c['error']['side_effects']), ('rejected', 'ACCESS_DENIED', 'none'))
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[r['operation_id']]['phase'], 'running')
+        self.assertEqual(a.cancel('OP9999', 'x2')['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_OPERATION')
+
+    def test_C02_C03_C04_contract_texts_and_latched_stage_faults(self):
+        m = rt.export_park_nx10_contract_metadata()
+        slots, caps = m['state_slots'], m['capabilities']
+        self.assertIn('逆时针', slots['knob.beam_x_turns']['meaning_zh'])
+        self.assertIn('逆时针', caps['head.turn_knob']['input_schema']['properties']['turns']['x-reference-conditions'])
+        self.assertTrue(slots['truth.drift_m'].get('reference_conditions'))
+        codes = lambda k: {e['code'] for e in caps[k]['errors']}                               # noqa: E731
+        self.assertNotIn('XY_STAGE_FAULT', codes('stage.move_xy'))
+        self.assertNotIn('Z_STAGE_FAULT', codes('z_stage.move') | codes('retract'))
+        self.assertNotIn('MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', codes('ncm.set_drive'))
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='xy_stage_stall', active=True)
+        out = h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.004, y_m=0.0)                                   # accepted, the stall is latched
+        self.assertEqual((out['duration_s'], out['target_m'], h.read()['system.error_code']), (0.0, [0.0, 0.0], 'XY_STAGE_FAULT'))
+
+
+class ReviewRound2Fixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the independent review round 2 (runtime F13-F19, contract C06-C08)."""
+
+    def _over_holder_below_the_sample_top(self, xy):
+        h = ready()
+        mount(h, 'cont1')
+        align(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='grating', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=xy[0], y_m=xy[1])
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=rt.Z_STAGE_LIMITS_M[0])                                   # touch stop on the holder
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=h.qz + 0.5e-3)
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertLess(h._tip_z(), h._top_z(h._sample()))
+        return h
+
+    def test_F13_one_motorized_stage_at_a_time(self):
+        h = self._over_holder_below_the_sample_top((-0.0095, 0.0))
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=h.qz - 0.4e-3)                                             # still above the holder
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', x_m=0.0, y_m=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=-0.0090, y_m=0.0)
+        rejected(h, 'z_stage.move', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', z_m=rt.Z_STAGE_LIMITS_M[0])
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m'] if h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m'] is not None else 1.0, 0.0)
+
+    def test_F14_a_path_clipping_a_sample_corner_is_refused(self):
+        # sample-frame segment p(t) = (2.5 mm - 5 um + t, 2.5 mm - 5 um - t), |t| <= 1 mm: it cuts the corner of the 5 x 5 mm grating by a 14 um chord
+        a, b = (-0.001495, -0.003495), (-0.003495, -0.001495)
+        h = self._over_holder_below_the_sample_top(a)
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'COLLISION_RISK', x_m=b[0], y_m=b[1])
+        self.assertTrue(rt._segment_hits_box((0.002495 - 0.001, 0.002495 + 0.001), (0.002495 + 0.001, 0.002495 - 0.001), 0.0025, 0.0025))
+        self.assertFalse(rt._segment_hits_box((0.002505 - 0.001, 0.002505 + 0.001), (0.002505 + 0.001, 0.002505 - 0.001), 0.0025, 0.0025))
+
+    def test_F15_F16_a_broken_lever_carries_no_load_and_a_pressed_tip_is_not_lowered_again(self):
+        d = ready()
+        mount(d, 'cont1')
+        align(d)
+        d.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='wafer', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(d)
+        near(d, gap=50e-6)
+        d.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=d.qz - 200e-6)
+        settle(d)
+        n_touch, r0 = sum(e['code'] == 'TOUCH_STOP' for e in d.events), d._probe()['radius']
+        rejected(d, 'z_stage.move', 'TIP_IN_CONTACT', z_m=d.qz - 50e-6)                        # F16: no second touch stop, no extra wear
+        self.assertEqual((sum(e['code'] == 'TOUCH_STOP' for e in d.events), d._probe()['radius']), (n_touch, r0))
+        c = ready()
+        mount(c, 'cont1')
+        align(c)
+        c.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='wafer', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(c)
+        near(c, gap=50e-6)
+        from scipy.special import erfinv
+        c.invoke('head.turn_knob', knob='pspd_y', turns=float(erfinv(0.95)) * rt.PSPD_SPOT_W_M / rt.KNOB_PSPD_M_PER_TURN)    # PSPD far off: no touch detection
+        c.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=c.qz - 200e-6)
+        settle(c)
+        self.assertEqual(c._probe()['damage'], 'cantilever_broken')
+        self.assertIsNone(c.read('evaluator')['truth.tip_force_n'])                            # F15
+
+    def test_F17_an_evicted_request_id_stays_bound_to_its_query(self):
+        h = tapping_engaged()
+        rec = scan(h, pixels_x=128, pixels_y=128)
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        e = h.session('ev')
+        args = dict(record_id=rec['record_id'], channel=None, direction=None, region_px=None, max_values=65536)
+        first = e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=args, request_id='q0')
+        for i in range(1, rt.LARGE_RESPONSE_KEEP + 2):
+            e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=args, request_id=f'q{i}')
+        c = e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='records.delete', arguments=dict(record_id=rec['record_id']), request_id='q0')
+        self.assertEqual(c['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.assertIn(rec['record_id'], h.records)
+        self.assertEqual(e.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=args, request_id='q0')['result'], first['result'])
+
+    def test_F18_topography_statistics_only_for_the_height_channel(self):
+        h = tapping_engaged()
+        rec = scan(h, pixels_x=64, pixels_y=32)
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.roughness', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='error', direction='trace', flatten='line_1', region_px=None)
+        rejected(h, 'analysis.step_height', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='phase', direction='trace', flatten='line_1',
+                 method='histogram', region_a_px=None, region_b_px=None)
+        f = h.invoke('analysis.flatten', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='error', direction='trace', method='line_1')
+        self.assertIsNone(f['stats'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[f['record_id']]['meta']['unit'], 'V')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(h.invoke('analysis.flatten', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='height', direction='trace', method='line_1')['stats'])
+
+    def test_C06_C07_C08_error_meanings_drift_frame_and_the_flatten_memory_cap(self):
+        m = rt.export_park_nx10_contract_metadata()
+        err = {e['code']: e['meaning_zh'] for e in m['capabilities']['sample.provide']['errors']}
+        self.assertIn('程序化形貌对象过多', err['SIMULATION_LIMIT'])
+        self.assertIn('2048', {e['code']: e['meaning_zh'] for e in m['capabilities']['scan.start']['errors']}['SIMULATION_LIMIT'])
+        self.assertIn('针尖相对样品', m['state_slots']['truth.drift_m']['reference_conditions'])
+        h = configured(samples=(), probes=())
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        r = h.session('ev').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='sample.provide', request_id='p',
+                                   arguments=dict(sample_id='g', template_id='graphene_on_sio2', seed=1, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0], topography_overrides={'flake_size_m': 5e-8}))
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'SIMULATION_LIMIT')
+        self.assertIn('程序化形貌对象过多', r['error']['message'])
+        t = tapping_engaged()
+        rec = scan(t, pixels_x=64, pixels_y=32)
+        old = rt.RECORD_MEMORY_BYTES
+        try:
+            rt.RECORD_MEMORY_BYTES = t._record_bytes() + 4 * 64 * 32 - 1
+            rejected(t, 'analysis.flatten', 'RECORDS_FULL', record_id=rec['record_id'], channel='height', direction='trace', method='plane')
+        finally:
+            rt.RECORD_MEMORY_BYTES = old
+
+
+class ReviewRound3Fixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the independent review round 3 (runtime F20, F21; contract C11, C12)."""
+
+    def test_F20_the_path_guard_includes_the_sample_tilt(self):
+        tilted = dict(sample_id='tilted', template_id='si_wafer', seed=3, tilt_rad=[0.02, 0.0])
+        h = ready(samples=(tilted,), probes=(('cont1', 'contal_g'),))
+        mount(h, 'cont1')
+        align(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='tilted', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        near(h, 50e-6)                                                                          # 50 um above the surface at the centre
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'COLLISION_RISK', x_m=-0.004, y_m=0.0)                     # uphill: the surface rises 80 um under the path
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=0.004, y_m=0.0)                                           # downhill: allowed
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertGreater(h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m'], 50e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(h._top_z_max(h._sample()) - h._top_z(h._sample()), 0.02 * 0.005 - 1e-12)   # the tilted top counts in the clearances
+
+    def test_F21_no_focus_move_while_the_head_slides(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=0.005)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('head.remove')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['head.state'], 'moving')
+        rejected(h, 'focus.move', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS', position_m=0.015)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', position_m=rt.FOCUS_REF_M)
+
+    def test_C11_C12_record_and_topography_limit_meanings(self):
+        m = rt.export_park_nx10_contract_metadata()
+        meaning = lambda k, c: {e['code']: e['meaning_zh'] for e in m['capabilities'][k]['errors']}[c]     # noqa: E731
+        self.assertIn('2 GiB', meaning('scan.start', 'RECORDS_FULL'))
+        self.assertIn('2 GiB', meaning('analysis.flatten', 'RECORDS_FULL'))
+        for k in ('fd.acquire', 'calibration.thermal_tune', 'ncm.frequency_sweep'):
+            self.assertNotIn('GiB', meaning(k, 'RECORDS_FULL'))                                  # these only meet the 200-record limit
+        self.assertNotIn('400', meaning('sample.provide', 'SIMULATION_LIMIT'))                  # no unreachable cause
+
+
+class ReviewRound4Fixes(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests of the independent review round 4 (runtime F22, F23; contract C13)."""
+
+    def test_F22_the_step_staircase_slope_counts_in_the_path_guard(self):
+        h = ready()
+        mount(h, 'cont1')
+        align(h)
+        h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='hopg', offset_x_m=0.0, offset_y_m=0.0)
+        settle(h)
+        near(h, 1.5e-6)                                                                         # 1.5 um above the terraces at the centre
+        d = rt.sample_templates()['templates']['hopg']['topography']['direction_rad']
+        d = d['value'] if isinstance(d, dict) else d
+        up = (-0.0045 * math.cos(d), -0.0045 * math.sin(d))                                    # the staircase rises along +u of the sample frame
+        rejected(h, 'stage.move_xy', 'COLLISION_RISK', x_m=round(up[0], 5), y_m=round(up[1], 5))
+        h.invoke('stage.move_xy', x_m=round(-up[0], 5), y_m=round(-up[1], 5))                  # downhill: allowed
+        settle(h)
+        self.assertGreater(h.read('evaluator')['truth.gap_m'], 1.5e-6)
+        g = configured(samples=(), probes=())
+        rejected(g, 'sample.provide', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', sample_id='steep', template_id='hopg', seed=1, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0],
+                 topography_overrides={'step_height_m': 1e-7, 'terrace_width_m': 1e-6})       # slope 0.1: not an atomic-step surface
+        g.invoke('sample.provide', sample_id='vicinal', template_id='hopg', seed=1, tilt_rad=[0.0, 0.0], topography_overrides={'step_height_m': 1e-8})
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(math.hypot(*g.samples['vicinal']['surface'].mean_slope()), 1e-8 / 8e-7, delta=1e-12)
+
+    def test_F23_the_head_does_not_slide_while_the_focus_moves(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('z_stage.move', z_m=0.005)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', position_m=0.014)
+        rejected(h, 'head.remove', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', position_m=rt.FOCUS_REF_M)
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('head.remove')
+        settle(h)
+        h.invoke('focus.move', position_m=0.009)
+        rejected(h, 'head.attach', 'MOTION_IN_PROGRESS')
+
+    def test_C13_clearance_texts_name_the_highest_point(self):
+        caps = rt.export_park_nx10_contract_metadata()['capabilities']
+        for k in ('sample.place', 'sample.remove', 'head.remove', 'head.attach'):
+            self.assertIn('最高点', caps[k]['function_zh'] if 'function_zh' in caps[k] else json.dumps(caps[k], ensure_ascii=False))
+        self.assertIn('沿直线路径', json.dumps(caps['stage.move_xy'], ensure_ascii=False))
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        """Runs last (class name): every code raised by a device call anywhere in this test module is declared for that capability."""
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'})
+                      for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_peak_precisionhydrogen.py b/tests/test_asset_peak_precisionhydrogen.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e855483f9751c1cd6c47c4f10009e230cd14ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_peak_precisionhydrogen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-196 peak_precisionhydrogen (PEAK Scientific Precision Hydrogen Trace 500): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_peak_precisionhydrogen.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; Faraday production at the set pressure up to 500 sccm; power-up diagnostics and leak test (about 6 min), internal
+leak -> leak test failure / standby leak check; demand above capacity or external leak -> LOW_PRESSURE shutdown; overpressure switch;
+depressurise and restart; water: loading pump, bottle running dry -> WATER_LOW, refill, de-ionizer breakthrough -> WATER_QUALITY; dryer dew point
+after the 24 h run-in; O2 purity and membrane crossover; hydrogen and water ledgers closing exactly."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import peak_precisionhydrogen as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'peak_precisionhydrogen_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+GC = dict(demand_sccm=150.0, min_pressure_pa=2.5e5)
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.PeakPrecisionhydrogenRuntime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_peak_precisionhydrogen_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def ready(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.step(rt.DOC['leak_test_s'] + 10.0)
+
+    def until(self, pred, limit, every=0.5):
+        t = 0.0
+        while not pred() and t < limit:
+            self.step(every)
+            t += every
+        return t
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k[5:].replace('_', '.', 1)] = codes
+    return out
+
+
+def _balance(test, L):
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(L['h2_initial_mol'] + L['h2_made_mol'],
+                           L['h2_stored_mol'] + L['h2_delivered_mol'] + L['h2_external_leak_mol'] + L['h2_internal_leak_mol'] + L['h2_vented_mol'],
+                           delta=1e-9 * (L['h2_initial_mol'] + L['h2_made_mol']))
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(L['water_initial_kg'] + L['water_added_kg'], L['water_in_tank_kg'] + L['water_in_bottle_kg'] + L['water_electrolysed_kg'] + L['water_lost_kg'],
+                           delta=1e-9 * (L['water_initial_kg'] + L['water_added_kg']))
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_peak_precisionhydrogen_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for name, p in meta['mechanisms']['pem_hydrogen_generation']['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_peak_precisionhydrogen_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            g.call(g.A, k, expect='UNSUPPORTED')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in g.read(who=g.A)))
+        r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='truth.inspect', arguments={}, request_id='x')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='consumer.set', arguments=GC, request_id='y')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='membrane_crossover', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] in ('fault', 'truth') for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        a = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='same')
+        b = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        c = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(c['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='i1'), Rig(instance='i2')
+        a.ready()
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        runs = []
+        for parts in ([1200.0], [0.3, 7.7, 400.0, 792.0], [0.5] * 40 + [1180.0]):
+            g = Rig(seed=7)
+            g.call(g.E, 'consumer.set', **GC)
+            g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+            for p in parts:
+                g.step(p)
+            v = g.read()
+            v.pop('clock.time_s')
+            runs.append(json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0], runs[1])
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0], runs[2])
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r = rt.PeakPrecisionhydrogenRuntime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=2))
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='POWER_OFF', pressure_set_pa=4e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'water.refill', expect='BOTTLE_OVERFLOW', volume_m3=0.002)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start', expect='DIAGNOSTICS_RUNNING')
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.depressurise', expect='DIAGNOSTICS_RUNNING')
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.mute', expect='NO_ALARM')
+        g.call(g.A, 'deioniser.replace', expect='POWER_ON')
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', pressure_set_pa=8e5)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='alien', active=True)
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_diagnostics_start_and_faraday(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'diagnostics')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(g.read('state.remaining_s'))
+        t = g.until(lambda: g.read('state.current') == 'standby', 900.0, 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t, 360.0, delta=15.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.ok'))
+        g.call(g.E, 'consumer.set', **GC)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.toggle')
+        g.step(900.0)
+        tg = g.read('truth.gas')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(tg['delivered_sccm'], 150.0, delta=0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('flow.percent'), 30.0, delta=0.5)
+        cell = g.read('truth.cell')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(cell['current_a'], 2 * rt.F_CONST * (1 + rt.ENG['psa_purge_fraction']) * tg['product_mol_s'], delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pressure.delivery_pa'), g.read('pressure.set_pa'), delta=0.3e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', units='bar')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('display.pressure'), round(g.read('pressure.delivery_pa') / 1e5, 1), delta=0.11)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.stop')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'standby')
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_internal_leak_fails_leak_test_and_standby_check(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='internal_leak', active=True)
+        g.ready()
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'fault')
+        self.assertIn('LEAK_TEST_FAILED', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.fault'))
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.mute')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start', expect='FAULT_ACTIVE')
+        h = Rig()
+        h.ready()
+        h.step(300.0)
+        h.call(h.E, 'fault.inject', fault='internal_leak', active=True)
+        h.step(300.0)
+        self.assertIn('INTERNAL_LEAK', h.read('alarms.active'))
+        _balance(self, h.ledger())
+
+    def test_low_pressure_shutdown_and_overpressure(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.E, 'consumer.set', demand_sccm=800.0, min_pressure_pa=2e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        g.step(1500.0)
+        self.assertIn('LOW_PRESSURE', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('truth.gas')['product_mol_s'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.depressurise')
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.depressurised'))
+        self.assertLess(g.read('pressure.delivery_pa'), 0.2e5)
+        g.call(g.E, 'consumer.set', demand_sccm=100.0, min_pressure_pa=2e5, external_leak_sccm_at_5bar=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        g.step(900.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'running')
+        o = Rig()
+        o.ready()
+        o.call(o.A, 'settings.configure', pressure_set_pa=6.89e5)
+        o.call(o.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pressure_sensor_drift', active=True)
+        o.step(900.0)
+        self.assertIn('OVERPRESSURE', o.read('alarms.active'))
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_water_loading_refill_and_deioniser(self):
+        g = Rig(bottle_water_m3=0.0002)
+        g.ready()
+        g.step(600.0)                                                             # stand-by reaches the set pressure first
+        g.call(g.E, 'consumer.set', demand_sccm=450.0, min_pressure_pa=2e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        g.step(3 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertIn('WATER_LOW', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('indicator.water'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('truth.gas')['product_mol_s'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'water.refill', volume_m3=0.003, conductivity_s_m=5e-5)
+        g.step(600.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('WATER_LOW', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.gas')['product_mol_s'], 0.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        d = Rig(feed_conductivity_s_m=5e-4, bottle_volume_m3=0.02, bottle_water_m3=0.02)
+        d.ready()
+        d.step(600.0)
+        d.call(d.E, 'consumer.set', demand_sccm=450.0, min_pressure_pa=2e5)
+        d.call(d.A, 'cycle.start')
+        for _ in range(12):
+            d.step(5 * 86400.0)
+            if 'WATER_QUALITY' in d.read('alarms.active'):
+                break
+            d.call(d.A, 'water.refill', volume_m3=0.02 - d.read('truth.water')['bottle_m3'])
+        self.assertIn('WATER_QUALITY', d.read('alarms.active'))
+        d.call(d.A, 'power.toggle')
+        d.call(d.A, 'deioniser.replace')
+        d.call(d.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        d.step(rt.DOC['leak_test_s'] + 60.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('WATER_QUALITY', d.read('alarms.active'))
+
+    def test_dryer_run_in_and_purity(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        d0 = g.read('truth.gas')['dew_point_k']
+        g.step(24 * 3600.0)
+        tg = g.read('truth.gas')
+        self.assertLess(tg['dew_point_k'], 273.15 - 72.0)
+        self.assertGreater(d0, tg['dew_point_k'] + 40.0)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(tg['purity'], rt.DOC['purity'])
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='membrane_crossover', active=True)
+        self.assertLess(g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['gas']['purity'], rt.DOC['purity'])
+
+
+class ReviewR1(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Round-1 review fixes: no LOW_PRESSURE while still pressurising, leak-test timing after a long water check, tank conductivity with its own
+    de-ioniser loop, PI pressure control, CELL_FAULT latches, mute only for sounding alarms, bottle re-declaration."""
+    def test_no_low_pressure_while_still_rising(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.depressurise')
+        g.step(60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', pressure_set_pa=6.89e5)
+        g.call(g.E, 'consumer.set', demand_sccm=400.0, min_pressure_pa=1e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        g.step(1500.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('LOW_PRESSURE', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'running')
+
+    def test_long_water_check_then_leak_test_passes(self):
+        g = Rig(bottle_water_m3=0.0)
+        g.h.tank = 0.2 * rt.ENG['tank_volume_m3']
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.step(1000.0)
+        n_low = sum(e['code'] == 'WATER_LOW' for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'])
+        self.assertEqual(n_low, 1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'water.refill', volume_m3=0.003)
+        g.step(rt.DOC['leak_test_s'] + 120.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'standby', g.read('alarms.active'))
+
+    def test_refill_does_not_change_the_cell_water_at_once(self):
+        g = Rig(feed_conductivity_s_m=5e-4)
+        g.ready()
+        k0 = g.read('truth.water')['cell_water_conductivity_s_m']
+        g.call(g.A, 'water.refill', volume_m3=0.0005, conductivity_s_m=5e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('truth.water')['cell_water_conductivity_s_m'], k0)
+
+    def test_pi_control_holds_the_set_pressure_under_load(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.step(600.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'consumer.set', demand_sccm=490.0, min_pressure_pa=2e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pressure.delivery_pa'), g.read('pressure.set_pa'), delta=0.03e5)
+
+    def test_cell_fault_latches_and_mute_needs_a_sounding_alarm(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.mute', expect='NO_ALARM')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='cell_failure', active=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'fault')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start', expect='FAULT_ACTIVE')
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.mute')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, bottle_volume_m3=0.001), expect='BOTTLE_OVERFLOW')
+
+
+class ReviewR2(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Round-2 minors fixed directly: anti-windup (no overshoot above 6.9 bar), LOW_PRESSURE only when the pressure cannot recover, cell failure at
+    power-up reported as CELL_FAULT, silent notices do not cancel the mute."""
+    def test_no_overshoot_from_integral_windup(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.depressurise')
+        g.step(60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', pressure_set_pa=6.89e5)
+        g.call(g.E, 'consumer.set', demand_sccm=0.0, min_pressure_pa=0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        peak = 0.0
+        for _ in range(60):
+            g.step(60.0)
+            peak = max(peak, g.read('truth.gas')['internal_pressure_abs_pa'] - rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['pressure_pa'])
+        self.assertLess(peak, rt.DOC['max_pressure_pa'] + 3e3, peak)
+
+    def test_497_sccm_held_when_pressurised_but_not_from_empty(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready()
+        g.step(600.0)                                                            # stand-by at the set pressure
+        g.call(g.E, 'consumer.set', demand_sccm=497.0, min_pressure_pa=1e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        g.step(2 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('LOW_PRESSURE', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        h = Rig()
+        h.ready()
+        h.call(h.A, 'output.depressurise')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        h.call(h.E, 'consumer.set', demand_sccm=497.0, min_pressure_pa=1e5)
+        h.call(h.A, 'cycle.start')
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertIn('LOW_PRESSURE', h.read('alarms.active'))                  # 3 sccm net: hours to reach the set pressure
+
+    def test_cell_failure_at_power_up_and_silent_notice_keeps_mute(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='cell_failure', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.step(rt.DOC['leak_test_s'] + 30.0)
+        self.assertIn('CELL_FAULT', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertNotIn('LEAK_TEST_FAILED', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'alarm.mute')
+        g.h.di_age = rt.DOC['deioniser_interval_s'] + 1.0                       # a silent notice appears
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('alarm.audible'))
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_rigaku_xtalabsynergy.py b/tests/test_asset_rigaku_xtalabsynergy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41b4201b64bc7aa8010aaf9ae1c04fcf706b43f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_rigaku_xtalabsynergy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1128 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-161 rigaku_xtalabsynergy (Rigaku XtaLAB Synergy-R with the HyPix-6000HE detector): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_rigaku_xtalabsynergy.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): settings only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances are
+isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation (truth slots, the substance of the records, fault events, other agents' records and operations),
+conservation (electrical energy, X-ray and filament hours, frames and exposure, crystal dose), real return values validated against the declared
+schemas (asset_tool lint_schema / validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation remnants, host-step independence, declared immediate
+and on_step effects; plus the instrument (boot, the safety circuit with doors, Doors OK, emergency stop, X-ray key, Motion Enable; the generator
+with its vacuum, spin-up, ramps, power limit and trips; shutter; divergence slit; detector threshold; the goniometer speeds, the collision model
+and routed moves; crystal mounting, camera and centring; Cryostream cooling, icing) and the physics (Bragg positions and the cell, Lorentz and
+polarisation, Cu versus Mo, divergence and distance, fluorescence and the energy threshold, absorption, temperature factors and thermal expansion,
+radiation decay, count-rate overloads, frames and the beam-stop shadow) and the processing (pre-experiment and FFT indexing, reduction, Laue
+class and space group, What is this? and the refinement, strategies, indexing failures of twinned, polycrystalline and amorphous samples).
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import rigaku_xtalabsynergy as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+DEG = rt.DEG
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_rigaku_xtalabsynergy_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.RigakuXtalabsynergyRuntime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(json.loads(json.dumps(out, default=float)), meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=json.loads(json.dumps(a, default=float)), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.RigakuXtalabsynergyRuntime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+PLANT = dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+ASPIRIN = dict(sample_id='asp', substance_id='aspirin', size_m=[1.5e-4, 1.2e-4, 1.0e-4], mosaicity_rad=0.6 * DEG, seed=3)
+NACL = dict(sample_id='salt', substance_id='nacl', size_m=[1.0e-4, 1.0e-4, 1.0e-4], mosaicity_rad=0.3 * DEG, seed=4)
+
+
+def configured(seed=1, target='Cu', samples=(ASPIRIN,), **plant):
+    h = rt.RigakuXtalabsynergyRuntime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(PLANT, noise_seed=seed, target=target, **plant))
+    for s in samples:
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **s)
+    return h
+
+
+def ready(seed=1, **kw):
+    h = configured(seed, **kw)
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    h.step(rt.BOOT_S + rt.TURBO_S + 1.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def wait_op(h, oid, tmax=20000.0, dt=5.0):
+    t = 0.0
+    while h.operations[oid]['phase'] == 'running' and t < tmax:
+        h.step(dt)
+        t += dt
+    return h.operations[oid]
+
+
+def mounted(seed=1, sample='asp', cold=True, center=True, **kw):
+    h = ready(seed, **kw)
+    h.invoke('door.open', door='left', angle_rad=1.6)
+    h.invoke('motion_enable.hold', held=True)
+    wait_op(h, h.invoke('goniometer.mount_position')['operation_id'])
+    h.invoke('crystal.mount', sample_id=sample)
+    if cold:
+        h.invoke('cryostream.set', temperature_k=100.0, ramp_k_s=0.1)
+    if center:
+        wait_op(h, h.invoke('crystal.center')['operation_id'])
+    h.invoke('motion_enable.hold', held=False)
+    h.invoke('door.close', door='left')
+    h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+    if cold:
+        h.step(3600.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def xray(h, kv=40e3, ma=30e-3):
+    if not h.armed:
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+    h.invoke('xray.set_key', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+    h.invoke('xray.on', voltage_v=kv, current_a=ma)
+    h.step(rt.SPINUP_S + 30.0)
+    assert h.xr['state'] == 'on', h.xr
+    return h
+
+
+def rejected(h, cap, code, **a):
+    before = h.read('evaluator')
+    with_ = None
+    try:
+        h.invoke(cap, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        with_ = str(exc)
+    after = h.read('evaluator')
+    assert with_ == code, (cap, with_, code)
+    assert not any(_changed(before[k], after[k]) for k in before if k != 'truth.flux_ph_s'), cap
+    return True
+
+
+RUN = dict(omega_start_rad=-30 * DEG, omega_end_rad=30 * DEG, kappa_rad=0.0, phi_rad=0.0, theta_rad=0.0, distance_m=0.045, exposure_s=0.2)
+
+
+def collect(h, runs=(RUN,), fw=0.5 * DEG):
+    oid = h.invoke('data.collect', runs=[dict(r) for r in runs], strategy_record_id=None, frame_width_rad=fw)['operation_id']
+    wait_op(h, oid)
+    return h.operations[oid]['record_id']
+
+
+def full_dataset(h, fw=0.5 * DEG, distance=0.045, expo=(0.2, 0.1, 0.4)):
+    pre = wait_op(h, h.invoke('experiment.pre_experiment', exposure_s=expo[0], frame_width_rad=fw, distance_m=distance)['operation_id'])
+    idx = h.records[pre['record_id']]['data']['auto_index']['record_id']
+    lam = rt.line_data(h.plant['target'])['lam1']
+    st = h.invoke('strategy.calculate', record_id=idx, resolution_m=max(0.84e-10, lam / 1.7), completeness=0.95, redundancy=2.0, exposure_low_s=expo[1],
+                  exposure_high_s=expo[2], frame_width_rad=fw, distance_m=distance)
+    oid = h.invoke('data.collect', runs=None, strategy_record_id=st['record_id'], frame_width_rad=fw)['operation_id']
+    wait_op(h, oid)
+    return h.operations[oid]['record_id'], idx, st
+
+
+class ContractAndSchemas(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, 'instrument.rigaku_xtalabsynergy')
+        self.assertEqual(rt.CATALOG_ID, 'CHEM-161')
+        self.assertEqual((rt.NX, rt.NY), (775, 803))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.NX * rt.PIXEL_M, rt.ACTIVE_M[0], places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.NY * rt.PIXEL_M, rt.ACTIVE_M[1], places=9)
+
+    def test_schemas_lint_and_examples_validate(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for sch in ('input_schema', 'output_schema'):
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c[sch]), [], (k, sch))
+            if c['availability'] == 'implemented':
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s['value_schema']), [], k)
+
+    def test_metadata_references_are_consistent(self):
+        meta = _meta()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        comps = {p['id'] for p in json.loads((rt.ASSET_DIR / 'geometry_manifest.json').read_text())['components']}
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                for x in pre['state_ids']:
+                    self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for cid in c['component_ids']:
+                self.assertIn(cid, comps, (k, cid))
+        for k, s in meta['state_slots'].items():
+            for cid in s['component_ids']:
+                self.assertIn(cid, comps, (k, cid))
+        for cid in meta['mechanisms']['xtalab_synergy_r']['component_ids']:
+            self.assertIn(cid, comps)
+
+    def test_declared_and_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        h = configured()
+        for k in rt.DECLARED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke(k)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED')
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as e:
+                h.invoke(k)
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+    def test_libraries_carry_evidence(self):
+        lib = rt.crystal_lib()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(lib), 50)
+        for sid, e in lib.items():
+            self.assertTrue(e['cod_id'] and e['cif_sha256'] and e['evidence'] == 'documented', sid)
+            m = rt.substance_model(sid)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(float(m['occ'].sum()), sum(e['cell_content'].values()), delta=1e-6 + 1e-3 * sum(e['cell_content'].values()), msg=sid)
+        sc = rt.scatter_lib()
+        self.assertEqual(sc['counts']['elements'], 92)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sc['lines']['Cu']['Ka1']['wavelength_m'], 1.540593e-10, delta=2e-15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sc['lines']['Mo']['Ka1']['wavelength_m'], 0.709317e-10, delta=2e-15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.element('Fe')['k_edge_ev'], 7112.0, delta=5)
+        prov = configured().invoke('provenance.read')['libraries']
+        self.assertEqual(set(prov), {'crystal_structure_library', 'xray_scattering_library'})
+
+    def test_structure_factors_obey_the_space_group(self):
+        for sid in ('aspirin', 'calcite', 'nacl', 'sucrose'):
+            e = rt.crystal_lib()[sid]
+            A, u = rt.model_at(sid, 150.0)
+            H = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [2, 1, 1], [3, 0, 2], [1, 1, 1], [2, 3, 4]])
+            F0 = np.abs(rt.structure_factors(sid, H, A, u, 'Cu_Ka1')) ** 2
+            for R, t in rt._symops(e):
+                Fr = np.abs(rt.structure_factors(sid, np.round(H @ R).astype(int), A, u, 'Cu_Ka1')) ** 2
+                np.testing.assert_allclose(Fr, F0, rtol=1e-9, atol=1e-9)
+        A, u = rt.model_at('nacl', 295.0)
+        f = np.abs(rt.structure_factors('nacl', np.array([[2, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1], [1, 0, 0]]), A, u, 'Mo_Ka1'))
+        self.assertGreater(f[0], f[1])                                        # (200): Na + Cl in phase; (111): out of phase
+        self.assertLess(f[2], 1e-6)                                           # (100) forbidden by F centring
+
+
+class HostClockAndPurity(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_and_describe_do_not_advance_time(self):
+        h = ready()
+        s = h.register_principal('agent', 'agent') or h.session('agent')
+        t = h.t
+        s.read(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID)
+        s.describe(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID)
+        h.read('evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(h.t, t)
+
+    def test_step_zero_and_negative(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.step(0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.t, 0.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.step(-1.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.step(float('nan'))
+
+    def test_settings_only_write_targets(self):
+        h = mounted(cold=False)
+        h.invoke('xray.set_key', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+        out = h.invoke('xray.on', voltage_v=40e3, current_a=30e-3)
+        self.assertEqual(out['state'], 'starting')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['xray.voltage_v'], 0.0)
+        h.step(rt.SPINUP_S + 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['xray.state'], 'ramping')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.read()['xray.state'], h.read()['xray.voltage_v']), ('on', 40000.0))
+        h.invoke('cryostream.set', temperature_k=150.0, ramp_k_s=0.1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['cryostream.gas_temperature_k'], PLANT['room_k'], delta=0.06)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['cryostream.gas_temperature_k'], PLANT['room_k'] - 60.0, delta=0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['cryostream.state'], 'ramping')
+
+    def test_host_step_chopping_does_not_change_the_result(self):
+        outs = []
+        for chop in (None, 7.0):
+            h = xray(mounted(seed=2))
+            oid = h.invoke('data.collect', runs=[dict(RUN, omega_end_rad=0.0)], strategy_record_id=None, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG)['operation_id']
+            if chop is None:
+                h.step(200.0)
+            else:
+                for _ in range(int(200 / chop)):
+                    h.step(chop)
+                h.step(200.0 - chop * int(200 / chop))
+            rec = h.records[h.operations[oid]['record_id']]
+            o = rec['runs'][0]['obs']
+            outs.append((round(h.t, 9), o['n'], float(o['i_obs'].sum()), h.read('evaluator')['truth.crystal']['dose_gy']))
+        self.assertEqual(outs[0][:3], outs[1][:3])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(outs[0][3], outs[1][3], delta=1e-6 * max(1.0, outs[0][3]))
+
+    def test_reads_do_not_change_later_results(self):
+        res = []
+        for reads in (False, True):
+            h = xray(mounted(seed=3))
+            oid = h.invoke('data.collect', runs=[dict(RUN, omega_end_rad=-20 * DEG)], strategy_record_id=None, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG)['operation_id']
+            for _ in range(10):
+                h.step(3.0)
+                if reads:
+                    h.read('evaluator'); h.invoke('camera.view'); h.invoke('ledger.read')
+            h.step(100.0)
+            rec = h.records[h.operations[oid]['record_id']]
+            res.append(float(rec['runs'][0]['obs']['i_obs'].sum()))
+        self.assertEqual(res[0], res[1])
+
+
+class SafetyAndGenerator(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_boot_vacuum_and_power_loss(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.invoke('power.press_button')
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.state'], 'booting')
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + 0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['system.state'], 'ready')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['xray.vacuum_ready'])
+        h.step(rt.TURBO_S)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['xray.vacuum_ready'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(h.read()['xray.voltage_v'])
+        h.invoke('power.press_button')
+        r = h.read()
+        self.assertEqual((r['power.enabled'], r['system.state'], r['xray.voltage_v']), (False, 'off', None))
+
+    def test_doors_ok_and_xray_interlocks(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('door.open', door='right', angle_rad=1.0)
+        rejected(h, 'safety.doors_ok', 'DOORS_OPEN')
+        h.invoke('door.close', door='right')
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['safety.armed'])
+        rejected(h, 'xray.on', 'KEY_OFF', voltage_v=40e3, current_a=30e-3)
+        h.invoke('xray.set_key', angle_rad=math.pi / 2)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.on', 'POWER_LIMIT', voltage_v=60e3, current_a=30e-3)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.on', 'SETTING_STEP', voltage_v=40.5e3, current_a=30e-3)
+        h.invoke('door.open', door='left', angle_rad=0.5)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['safety.armed'])
+        rejected(h, 'xray.on', 'SAFETY_NOT_ARMED', voltage_v=40e3, current_a=30e-3)
+        h.invoke('door.close', door='left')
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+        h.invoke('xray.on', voltage_v=50e3, current_a=24e-3)
+        h.step(rt.SPINUP_S + 30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['xray.state'], 'on')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['xray.voltage_v'], 50e3)
+        h.invoke('xray.standby')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        self.assertEqual((h.read()['xray.state'], h.read()['xray.voltage_v']), ('standby', 20e3))
+
+    def test_trips_key_emergency_stop_chiller_vacuum_filament(self):
+        h = xray(ready())
+        h.invoke('xray.set_key', angle_rad=0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['xray.state'], 'off')
+        h = xray(ready(seed=4))
+        h.invoke('safety.emergency_stop')
+        r = h.read()
+        self.assertEqual((r['xray.state'], r['safety.estop_latched'], r['safety.armed']), ('off', True, False))
+        rejected(h, 'safety.doors_ok', 'EMERGENCY_STOP')
+        h.invoke('safety.reset_emergency_stop')
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+        h = xray(ready(seed=5))
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='chiller_failure', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['xray.state'], 'off')
+        rejected(h, 'xray.on', 'COOLING_WATER', voltage_v=40e3, current_a=30e-3)
+        h = xray(ready(seed=6))
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_loss', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['xray.state'], 'off')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='vacuum_loss', active=False)
+        h.step(rt.PUMPDOWN_S - 5.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['xray.vacuum_ready'])
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['xray.vacuum_ready'])
+        h = xray(ready(seed=7))
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='filament_failure', active=True)
+        rejected(h, 'xray.on', 'FILAMENT_FAILURE', voltage_v=40e3, current_a=30e-3)
+        rejected(h, 'maintenance.replace_filament', 'POWER_ON')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.invoke('maintenance.replace_filament')
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        h.step(rt.BOOT_S + rt.TURBO_S + 5.0)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['xray.vacuum_ready'])                         # vented by the filament change
+        h.step(rt.PUMPDOWN_S)
+        self.assertTrue(h.read()['xray.vacuum_ready'])
+
+    def test_filament_life_ends_the_emission(self):
+        h = xray(ready(seed=8))
+        life = h.filament_life_s
+        self.assertTrue(0.9 * rt.FILAMENT_INTERVAL_S <= life <= 1.1 * rt.FILAMENT_INTERVAL_S)
+        while h.t < life + 100.0:
+            h.step(min(rt.MAX_STEP_S, life + 100.0 - h.t))
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['xray.state'], 'off')
+        self.assertIn('filament_failure', h.read('evaluator')['truth.faults'])
+
+    def test_shutter_divergence_threshold(self):
+        h = ready()
+        rejected(h, 'shutter.open', 'XRAY_NOT_STABLE')
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+        xray(h)
+        h.invoke('shutter.open')
+        self.assertGreater(h.read('evaluator')['truth.flux_ph_s'], 0)
+        f10 = h.read('evaluator')['truth.flux_ph_s']
+        h.invoke('optics.set_divergence', divergence_rad=1e-3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.flux_ph_s'] / f10, 0.01, delta=1e-9)
+        h.invoke('door.open', door='left', angle_rad=0.4)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['shutter.open'])
+        rejected(h, 'detector.set_threshold', 'THRESHOLD_OUT_OF_RANGE', threshold_ev=7900.0)
+        h.invoke('detector.set_threshold', threshold_ev=7000.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['detector.threshold_ev'], 7000.0)
+
+    def test_flux_follows_the_generator_setting(self):
+        f1 = rt.source_flux('Cu', 40e3, 30e-3, 10e-3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(f1, rt.FLUX_REF['Cu']['flux'], delta=1e-6 * f1)
+        self.assertGreater(rt.source_flux('Cu', 50e3, 24e-3, 10e-3), f1)
+        self.assertEqual(rt.source_flux('Mo', 19e3, 30e-3, 10e-3), 0.0)                # below the Mo K edge no K-alpha
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.source_flux('Cu', 40e3, 15e-3, 10e-3) / f1, 0.5, delta=1e-9)
+
+
+    def test_ramps_keep_the_load_within_1_2_kw(self):
+        for (kv0, ma0), (kv1, ma1) in (((60e3, 20e-3), (40e3, 30e-3)), ((40e3, 30e-3), (60e3, 20e-3)), ((40e3, 30e-3), (35e3, 20e-3)), ((50e3, 24e-3), (46e3, 26e-3))):
+            h = xray(ready(seed=2), kv0, ma0)
+            e0, t0 = h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], h.t
+            h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=kv1, current_a=ma1)
+            plan = dict(h.xr['ramp'])
+            worst = max(np.prod(rt.ramp_values(plan, t0 + plan['dur'] * i / 2000)) for i in range(2001))
+            self.assertLessEqual(worst, rt.POWER_MAX_W + 1e-6, (kv0, ma0, kv1, ma1))
+            span = plan['dur'] + 3.0
+            for _ in range(int(span / 0.5)):
+                h.step(0.5)
+                self.assertLessEqual(np.prod(h._xray_kv_ma()), rt.POWER_MAX_W + 1e-6)
+            self.assertEqual(h.xr['state'], 'on')
+            d1, d2 = plan['d1'], plan['dur'] - plan['d1']                      # the load is linear in each phase: midpoint integrals are exact
+            ramp = d1 * np.prod(rt.ramp_values(plan, t0 + d1 / 2)) + d2 * np.prod(rt.ramp_values(plan, t0 + d1 + d2 / 2))
+            expected = rt.ELECTRONICS_W * (h.t - t0) + (ramp + kv1 * ma1 * (h.t - t0 - plan['dur'])) / rt.GENERATOR_EFFICIENCY
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'] - e0, expected, delta=1e-6 * expected)
+
+    def test_a_key_at_its_stop_is_accepted_as_float32(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a1')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='xray.set_key', arguments={'angle_rad': float(np.float32(math.pi / 2))}, request_id='k1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded', r['error'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['xray.key_angle_rad'], math.pi / 2)
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='xray.set_key', arguments={'angle_rad': math.pi / 2 + 1e-5}, request_id='k2')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'INVALID_ARGUMENT')
+
+
+class GoniometerAndCollisions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_move_timing_follows_the_axis_speeds(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+        out = h.invoke('goniometer.move', omega_rad=20 * DEG, kappa_rad=0.0, phi_rad=90 * DEG, theta_rad=30 * DEG, distance_m=0.070)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['duration_s'], max(2.0, 4.5, 3.0, 3.8), delta=1e-6)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['goniometer.omega_rad'], 20 * DEG, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['goniometer.phi_rad'], 40 * DEG, delta=1e-9)
+        h.step(3.0)
+        r = h.read()
+        self.assertFalse(r['goniometer.moving'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['detector.distance_m'], 0.070, delta=1e-12)
+
+    def test_collision_model_refuses_and_routes(self):
+        hit, names = rt.collisions([0.0], [0.0], [0.0], [rt.DIST_MIN_M])
+        self.assertFalse(hit[0], names)
+        hit, names = rt.collisions([180 * DEG], [0.0], [0.0], [rt.DIST_MIN_M])
+        self.assertTrue(hit[0])
+        self.assertTrue(any('detector' in n or 'arm' in n or 'carriage' in n for n in names[0]))
+        hit, names = rt.collisions([0.0], [120 * DEG], [0.0], [0.05])
+        self.assertTrue(any('collimator' in n for n in names[0]))
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+        rejected(h, 'goniometer.move', 'COLLISION_PREDICTED', omega_rad=180 * DEG, kappa_rad=0.0, phi_rad=0.0, theta_rad=0.0, distance_m=0.032)
+        self.assertNotIn('collisions_refused', h.ledger())                       # a refusal writes nothing
+        legs = rt.plan_route(dict(omega=0.0, kappa=60 * DEG, phi=0.0, theta=0.0, distance=0.1), dict(omega=40 * DEG, kappa=-60 * DEG, phi=0.0, theta=-60 * DEG, distance=0.1))
+        if legs is not None:
+            for a, b in legs:
+                self.assertIsNone(rt.path_collision(a, b))
+
+    def test_motion_with_open_door_needs_motion_enable(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('door.open', door='left', angle_rad=1.0)
+        rejected(h, 'goniometer.move', 'MOTION_ENABLE_REQUIRED', omega_rad=10 * DEG, kappa_rad=0.0, phi_rad=0.0, theta_rad=0.0, distance_m=0.1)
+        h.invoke('motion_enable.hold', held=True)
+        oid = h.invoke('goniometer.move', omega_rad=30 * DEG, kappa_rad=0.0, phi_rad=0.0, theta_rad=0.0, distance_m=0.1)['operation_id']
+        h.step(1.0)
+        h.invoke('motion_enable.hold', held=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[oid]['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(h.operations[oid]['reason'], 'MOTION_ENABLE_RELEASED')
+        om = h.read()['goniometer.omega_rad']
+        self.assertTrue(0 < om < 30 * DEG)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['goniometer.omega_rad'], om)
+
+    def test_stop_keeps_the_pose(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+        h.invoke('goniometer.move', omega_rad=40 * DEG, kappa_rad=0.0, phi_rad=0.0, theta_rad=0.0, distance_m=0.032)
+        h.step(2.0)
+        h.invoke('goniometer.stop')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['goniometer.omega_rad'], 20 * DEG, delta=1e-9)
+        rejected(h, 'goniometer.stop', 'NOT_MOVING')
+
+
+    def test_enclosure_walls_limit_the_detector_arm(self):
+        hit, names = rt.collisions([0.0], [0.0], [-90 * DEG], [rt.DIST_MAX_M])
+        self.assertTrue(hit[0] and any('enclosure_front' in n for n in names[0]), names[0])
+        hit, names = rt.collisions([0.0], [0.0], [90 * DEG], [rt.DIST_MAX_M])
+        self.assertTrue(hit[0] and any('enclosure_rear' in n for n in names[0]), names[0])
+        hit, names = rt.collisions([0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0], [0.0, -60 * DEG], [rt.DIST_MAX_M, 0.060])          # reachable poses stay free
+        self.assertFalse(hit.any(), names)
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+        rejected(h, 'goniometer.move', 'COLLISION_PREDICTED', omega_rad=0.0, kappa_rad=0.0, phi_rad=0.0, theta_rad=-90 * DEG, distance_m=0.15)
+
+    def test_refused_moves_write_nothing(self):
+        h = ready()
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+        led, ev = h.ledger(), len(h.events)
+        rejected(h, 'goniometer.move', 'COLLISION_PREDICTED', omega_rad=180 * DEG, kappa_rad=0.0, phi_rad=0.0, theta_rad=0.0, distance_m=0.032)
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger(), led)
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.events), ev)
+
+
+class CrystalHandling(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_mount_guards_camera_and_centring(self):
+        h = ready()
+        rejected(h, 'crystal.mount', 'DOOR_CLOSED', sample_id='asp')
+        h.invoke('door.open', door='left', angle_rad=1.6)
+        rejected(h, 'crystal.mount', 'NOT_AT_MOUNT_POSITION', sample_id='asp')
+        h.invoke('motion_enable.hold', held=True)
+        wait_op(h, h.invoke('goniometer.mount_position')['operation_id'])
+        h.invoke('crystal.mount', sample_id='asp')
+        rejected(h, 'crystal.mount', 'SAMPLE_NOT_ON_BENCH', sample_id='asp')
+        off0 = np.linalg.norm(h.read('evaluator')['truth.crystal']['offset_m'])
+        self.assertTrue(0.1e-3 <= off0 <= rt.MOUNT_OFFSET_MAX_M)
+        v = h.invoke('camera.view')
+        self.assertTrue(v['crystal_present'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(np.hypot(*v['offset_m']), 0, delta=off0 + 1e-5)
+        for x in v['offset_m'] + v['size_m']:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(x / rt.CAMERA_QUANT_M, round(x / rt.CAMERA_QUANT_M), delta=1e-6)
+        wait_op(h, h.invoke('crystal.center')['operation_id'])
+        off1 = np.linalg.norm(h.read('evaluator')['truth.crystal']['offset_m'])
+        self.assertLess(off1, 5 * rt.CENTER_RESIDUAL_M)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['goniometer.phi_rad'], 0.0, delta=1e-9)
+        v2 = h.invoke('camera.view')
+        self.assertLess(np.hypot(*v2['offset_m']), 3e-5)
+        h.invoke('crystal.unmount')
+        self.assertIn('asp', h.read()['sample.bench_ids'])
+
+    def test_cryostream_cools_the_crystal_and_icing_with_the_door_open(self):
+        h = mounted(cold=True)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.crystal']['temperature_k'], 100.0 + rt.CRYO_OFFSET_K, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['cryostream.state'], 'stable')
+        h.invoke('door.open', door='left', angle_rad=1.6)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        ice = h.read('evaluator')['truth.crystal']['ice_m3']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ice, rt.ICE_RATE_M3_S * 600.0 * PLANT['humidity'] / 0.4, delta=1e-18)
+        h.invoke('cryostream.stop')
+        h.step(600.0)
+        c = h.read('evaluator')['truth.crystal']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c['temperature_k'], PLANT['room_k'], delta=0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(c['ice_m3'], 0.0)
+
+    def test_nitrogen_supply(self):
+        h = configured(nitrogen_available=False)
+        rejected(h, 'cryostream.set', 'NITROGEN_UNAVAILABLE', temperature_k=100.0, ramp_k_s=0.1)
+        h = configured(seed=2)
+        h.invoke('cryostream.set', temperature_k=100.0, ramp_k_s=0.1)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='nitrogen_empty', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['cryostream.state'], 'off')
+
+
+class DiffractionPhysics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_bragg_positions_lorentz_and_polarisation(self):
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(1)
+        cr = dict(sid='aspirin', U=rt.random_rotation(rng), U2=None, frac2=0.0, offset=np.zeros(3), size=np.array([1e-4] * 3), mosaic=0.5 * DEG, defect='none',
+                  inverted=False, T=100.0, dose_gy=0.0, ice_m3=0.0)
+        src = dict(target='Cu', flux=rt.source_flux('Cu', 40e3, 30e-3, 10e-3), divergence=10e-3, threshold_frac=0.5)
+        run = dict(omega_start=-30 * DEG, omega_end=30 * DEG, kappa=0.0, phi=0.0, theta=0.0, distance=0.05, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG, exposure_s=0.5)
+        o = simulate(cr, src, run)
+        H, F2, A, _ = rt.reflection_set('aspirin', 100, 'Cu', False)
+        d_hkl = 1 / np.linalg.norm(o['h'] @ rt.reciprocal(A).T, axis=1)
+        lam = rt.line_data('Cu')['lam1']
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(lam / (2 * np.sin(o['tth'] / 2)), d_hkl, rtol=1e-9)             # Bragg's law for every spot
+        s1, t = rt.pixel_rays(0.0, 0.05, o['x'], o['y'])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(o['L'], 1 / np.abs(s1[:, 1]), rtol=1e-6)                       # L = 1 / |e . (s0 x s1)|
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(o['P'], (1 + s1[:, 0] ** 2) / 2, rtol=1e-9)
+        self.assertTrue(np.all(o['x'] >= 0) and np.all(o['x'] < rt.NX))
+
+    def test_cu_versus_mo_and_distance(self):
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(2)
+        cr = base_crystal('aspirin', rng)
+        runs = dict(omega_start=-30 * DEG, omega_end=30 * DEG, kappa=0.0, phi=0.0, theta=0.0, distance=0.045, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG, exposure_s=0.5)
+        cu = simulate(cr, dict(target='Cu', flux=1e9, divergence=10e-3, threshold_frac=0.5), runs)
+        mo = simulate(cr, dict(target='Mo', flux=1e9, divergence=10e-3, threshold_frac=0.5), runs)
+        self.assertLess(mo['d'].min(), cu['d'].min())                                    # shorter wavelength reaches higher resolution
+        self.assertGreater(cu['S'].sum() / len(cu['S']), mo['S'].sum() / len(mo['S']))    # lambda^3: stronger per reflection with Cu
+        far = simulate(cr, dict(target='Cu', flux=1e9, divergence=10e-3, threshold_frac=0.5), dict(runs, distance=0.120))
+        self.assertLess(far['d'].min(), 1e-9)
+        self.assertGreater(far['d'].min(), cu['d'].min())                                   # the detector covers a smaller 2theta range
+
+    def test_divergence_changes_spot_size_and_flux(self):
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(3)
+        cr = base_crystal('aspirin', rng)
+        r = dict(omega_start=-20 * DEG, omega_end=20 * DEG, kappa=0.0, phi=0.0, theta=0.0, distance=0.1, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG, exposure_s=0.5)
+        a = simulate(cr, dict(target='Cu', flux=rt.source_flux('Cu', 40e3, 30e-3, 10e-3), divergence=10e-3, threshold_frac=0.5), r)
+        b = simulate(cr, dict(target='Cu', flux=rt.source_flux('Cu', 40e3, 30e-3, 1e-3), divergence=1e-3, threshold_frac=0.5), r)
+        self.assertLess(np.median(b['sig_px']), 0.8 * np.median(a['sig_px']))
+        self.assertLess(np.median(b['sig_om']), np.median(a['sig_om']))
+
+    def test_fluorescence_and_the_energy_threshold(self):
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(4)
+        fe = base_crystal('fe_acac3', rng)
+        r = dict(omega_start=-5 * DEG, omega_end=5 * DEG, kappa=0.0, phi=0.0, theta=0.0, distance=0.05, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG, exposure_s=1.0)
+        src = dict(target='Cu', flux=2.5e9, divergence=10e-3, threshold_frac=0.5)
+        bg_lo = rt.background_terms(fe, src, r, 0.4)
+        bg_hi = rt.background_terms(fe, dict(src, threshold_frac=7000.0 / rt.line_data('Cu')['e1']), r, 0.4)
+        self.assertTrue(bg_lo['fluo'] and bg_lo['fluo'][0][0] == rt.element('Fe')['ka1_ev'])
+        x, y = np.array([150.0, 600.0]), np.array([150.0, 650.0])
+        lo = rt.background_rate(bg_lo, 0.0, 0.05, x, y)
+        hi = rt.background_rate(bg_hi, 0.0, 0.05, x, y)
+        self.assertTrue(np.all(hi < 0.35 * lo))                                          # Fe K-alpha (6.4 keV) rejected above 7 keV
+        asp = rt.background_terms(base_crystal('aspirin', rng), src, r, 0.4)
+        self.assertEqual(asp['fluo'], [])
+        mo = rt.background_terms(fe, dict(src, target='Mo'), r, 0.4)
+        self.assertTrue(mo['fluo'])                                                        # Fe fluoresces under Mo as well
+
+    def test_temperature_factors_expansion_and_decay(self):
+        H, F2c, Ac, _ = rt.reflection_set('aspirin', 100, 'Cu', False)
+        H2, F2w, Aw, _ = rt.reflection_set('aspirin', 295, 'Cu', False)
+        self.assertGreater(abs(np.linalg.det(Aw)), abs(np.linalg.det(Ac)))
+        dmap = {tuple(h): f for h, f in zip(H2, F2w)}
+        d = 1 / np.linalg.norm(H @ rt.reciprocal(Ac).T, axis=1)
+        hi = [i for i in np.nonzero(d < 1.0e-10)[0] if tuple(H[i]) in dmap]
+        self.assertGreater(sum(F2c[i] for i in hi), 1.3 * sum(dmap[tuple(H[i])] for i in hi))    # high-angle intensity stronger when cold
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.decay_half_dose(100.0), rt.DECAY_HALF_DOSE_GY['cold'][1], delta=1.0)
+        self.assertLess(rt.decay_half_dose(295.0), rt.decay_half_dose(100.0))
+
+    def test_absorption_depends_on_mu_and_path(self):
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(5)
+        light = base_crystal('aspirin', rng)
+        heavy = base_crystal('k2ptcl4', rng)
+        mu_l = rt.mu_linear('aspirin', 'Cu_Ka1', rt.substance_model('aspirin')['A'])[0]
+        mu_h = rt.mu_linear('k2ptcl4', 'Cu_Ka1', rt.substance_model('k2ptcl4')['A'])[0]
+        d0 = np.array([[1.0, 0.0, 0.0]])
+        tl = rt.crystal_absorption(light, mu_l, d0, d0)[0]
+        th = rt.crystal_absorption(heavy, mu_h, d0, d0)[0]
+        self.assertTrue(0.8 < tl < 1.0 and th < 0.2 and th < tl)
+
+    def test_count_rate_losses_and_overloads(self):
+        rng = np.random.default_rng(6)
+        cr = base_crystal('nacl', rng, T=295.0, size=3e-4)
+        run = dict(omega_start=-30 * DEG, omega_end=30 * DEG, kappa=0.0, phi=0.0, theta=0.0, distance=0.032, frame_width_rad=0.2 * DEG, exposure_s=0.1)
+        home = simulate(cr, dict(target='Mo', flux=rt.source_flux('Mo', 50e3, 24e-3, 3e-3), divergence=3e-3, threshold_frac=0.5), run)
+        self.assertFalse(home['overload'].any())                                   # a 1.2 kW source stays inside the counting range
+        self.assertTrue(np.all(home['S_meas'] <= home['S_meas_ideal'] + 1e-9))
+        hot = simulate(cr, dict(target='Mo', flux=100 * rt.source_flux('Mo', 50e3, 24e-3, 3e-3), divergence=3e-3, threshold_frac=0.5), run)
+        self.assertTrue(hot['overload'].any())                                      # a 100x brighter beam saturates the strongest pixels
+        ratio = hot['S_meas'] / np.maximum(hot['S_meas_ideal'], 1e-30)
+        self.assertLess(float(ratio[hot['overload']].min()), 0.92)                  # paralysable dead time: measured = true exp(-n tau / 2)
+
+    def test_frames_and_the_beam_stop_shadow(self):
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=9, sample='salt', samples=(ASPIRIN, NACL)))
+        rid = collect(h, runs=[dict(RUN, exposure_s=0.5, distance_m=0.032)], fw=0.5 * DEG)
+        f1 = h.invoke('frame.read', record_id=rid, run_index=0, frame_index=10, binning=4, region_px=None)
+        f2 = h.invoke('frame.read', record_id=rid, run_index=0, frame_index=10, binning=4, region_px=None)
+        self.assertEqual(f1['counts'], f2['counts'])                                        # deterministic
+        c = np.array(f1['counts'])
+        self.assertEqual(c.shape, (201, 194))
+        self.assertTrue(np.all(c >= 0) and c.sum() > 0)
+        cx, cy = rt.NX // 2, rt.NY // 2                                                     # beam-stop shadow at the direct-beam position
+        reg = h.invoke('frame.read', record_id=rid, run_index=0, frame_index=10, binning=1, region_px=[cx - 5, cy - 5, cx + 5, cy + 5])
+        self.assertEqual(int(np.array(reg['counts']).sum()), 0)
+        rejected(h, 'frame.read', 'SIMULATION_LIMIT', record_id=rid, run_index=0, frame_index=10, binning=2, region_px=None)
+        rejected(h, 'frame.read', 'UNKNOWN_FRAME', record_id=rid, run_index=0, frame_index=999, binning=4, region_px=None)
+
+
+def base_crystal(sid, rng, T=100.0, size=1e-4):
+    return dict(sid=sid, U=rt.random_rotation(rng), U2=None, frac2=0.0, offset=np.zeros(3), size=np.array([size] * 3), mosaic=0.5 * DEG, defect='none',
+                inverted=False, T=T, dose_gy=0.0, ice_m3=0.0)
+
+
+def simulate(cr, src, run, frames=None):
+    n = frames or int(round(abs(run['omega_end'] - run['omega_start']) / run['frame_width_rad']))
+    return rt.simulate_run(cr, src, run, n, (1, 2, 3), 0.4)['obs']
+
+
+def pipeline(sid, target, seed, inverted=False, size=1.2e-4, mosaic=0.5, dims=None, sample_seed=None, expo=(0.2, 0.1, 0.4)):
+    """Mounted crystal, generator on, pre-experiment -> strategy -> collection -> reduction -> What is this? (the review probes)."""
+    s = dict(sample_id='x', substance_id=sid, size_m=list(dims or [size, size * 0.9, size * 0.8]), mosaicity_rad=mosaic * DEG,
+             seed=seed if sample_seed is None else sample_seed, inverted=inverted)
+    kv, ma = (40e3, 30e-3) if target == 'Cu' else (50e3, 24e-3)
+    h = xray(mounted(seed=seed, sample='x', samples=(s,), target=target), kv, ma)
+    ds, idx, st = full_dataset(h, expo=expo)
+    red = h.invoke('processing.reduce', record_id=ds, index_record_id=None)
+    return h, st, red, h.invoke('processing.what_is_this', record_id=red['record_id'])
+
+
+class Processing(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_pre_experiment_strategy_collection_reduction_and_what_is_this(self):
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=11))
+        ds, idx, st = full_dataset(h)
+        ir = h.records[idx]['data']['result']
+        self.assertTrue(ir['indexed'])
+        self.assertGreater(ir['indexation_ratio'], 0.95)
+        self.assertGreater(st['predicted_completeness'], 0.9)
+        red = h.invoke('processing.reduce', record_id=ds, index_record_id=None)
+        rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+        self.assertEqual(rr['laue_class'], '2/m')
+        self.assertEqual(rr['space_group_number'], 14)
+        lib = rt.crystal_lib()['aspirin']['cell_angstrom_deg']
+        got = sorted([rr['cell']['a_m'] * 1e10, rr['cell']['b_m'] * 1e10, rr['cell']['c_m'] * 1e10])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(got, sorted(lib[:3]), rtol=0.005)
+        self.assertLess(rr['r_int'], 0.10)
+        w = h.invoke('processing.what_is_this', record_id=red['record_id'])
+        self.assertTrue(w['matched'])
+        self.assertEqual(w['name'], 'aspirin')
+        self.assertLess(w['r1'], 0.08)
+        res = h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id=red['record_id'], max_values=500)
+        self.assertLessEqual(len(res['data']['reflections']['hkl']), 100)
+
+    def test_cubic_and_trigonal_lattices(self):
+        for sample, target, number, laue in ((NACL, 'Mo', 225, 'm-3m'), (dict(ASPIRIN, sample_id='cal', substance_id='calcite'), 'Mo', 167, '-3m')):
+            h = xray(mounted(seed=12, sample=sample['sample_id'], samples=(sample,), target=target), 50e3, 24e-3)
+            ds, idx, st = full_dataset(h)
+            red = h.invoke('processing.reduce', record_id=ds, index_record_id=None)
+            rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+            self.assertEqual((rr['laue_class'], rr['space_group_number']), (laue, number), sample['substance_id'])
+            self.assertTrue(h.invoke('processing.what_is_this', record_id=red['record_id'])['matched'])
+
+    def test_indexing_failures(self):
+        for defect, reason in (('polycrystalline', 'NO_LATTICE'), ('amorphous', 'NO_PEAKS')):
+            s = dict(ASPIRIN, sample_id='bad', defect=defect)
+            h = xray(mounted(seed=13, sample='bad', samples=(s,)))
+            pre = wait_op(h, h.invoke('experiment.pre_experiment', exposure_s=0.2, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG, distance_m=0.045)['operation_id'])
+            ai = h.records[pre['record_id']]['data']['auto_index']
+            self.assertFalse(ai['indexed'], defect)
+            self.assertIn(ai['reason'], (reason, 'TOO_FEW_PEAKS', 'NO_LATTICE'), defect)
+        s = dict(ASPIRIN, sample_id='new', listed_in_database=False)
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=14, sample='new', samples=(s,)))
+        pre = wait_op(h, h.invoke('experiment.pre_experiment', exposure_s=0.2, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG, distance_m=0.045)['operation_id'])
+        idx = h.records[pre['record_id']]['data']['auto_index']['record_id']
+        self.assertTrue(h.records[idx]['data']['result']['indexed'])
+        self.assertFalse(h.invoke('processing.what_is_this', record_id=idx)['matched'])
+
+    def test_twinned_crystal_is_flagged_by_the_refinement(self):
+        s = dict(ASPIRIN, sample_id='tw', defect='twin', twin_fraction=0.45)
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=15, sample='tw', samples=(s,)))
+        pre = wait_op(h, h.invoke('experiment.pre_experiment', exposure_s=0.2, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG, distance_m=0.045)['operation_id'])
+        ai = h.records[pre['record_id']]['data']['auto_index']
+        if not ai['indexed']:                                                              # the indexing already fails on the two lattices
+            self.assertIn(ai['reason'], ('LOW_INDEXATION', 'NO_LATTICE'))
+            return
+        ds, idx, st = full_dataset(h)
+        try:
+            red = h.invoke('processing.reduce', record_id=ds, index_record_id=None)
+        except rt.ActionRejected:
+            return
+        w = h.invoke('processing.what_is_this', record_id=red['record_id'])
+        rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+        self.assertTrue((not w['matched']) or (w['r1'] is None) or w['r1'] > 0.08 or rr['r_int'] > 0.10, (w, rr['r_int']))
+
+    def test_security_mode_and_cancellation_keep_frames(self):
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=16))
+        oid = h.invoke('data.collect', runs=[RUN], strategy_record_id=None, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG)['operation_id']
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.invoke('door.open', door='left', angle_rad=0.3)
+        op = h.operations[oid]
+        self.assertEqual((op['phase'], op['reason']), ('failed', 'SECURITY_MODE'))
+        rec = h.records[op['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'failed')
+        self.assertTrue(0 < rec['meta']['frames_recorded'] < 120)
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['shutter.open'])
+        h.invoke('door.close', door='left')
+        h.invoke('safety.doors_ok')
+        oid = h.invoke('data.collect', runs=[RUN], strategy_record_id=None, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG)['operation_id']
+        h.step(8.0)
+        h._cancel_op(h.operations[oid])
+        rec = h.records[h.operations[oid]['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['status'], 'cancelled')
+        self.assertGreater(rec['meta']['frames_recorded'], 0)
+
+
+    def test_what_is_this_refines_every_indexing_of_the_lattice(self):
+        for sid in ('pentaerythritol', 'naclo3'):                         # 4/m in a 4/mmm lattice, m-3 in m-3m: two indexings fit the metric
+            h, st, red, w = pipeline(sid, 'Mo', 21)
+            ref = h.records[w['record_id']]['data']['result']['refinement']
+            self.assertTrue(w['matched'], sid)
+            self.assertLess(w['r1'], 0.08, sid)
+            self.assertEqual(ref['settings_tested'], 2, sid)
+
+    def test_space_group_inside_the_laue_class_and_ambiguous_ties(self):
+        h, st, red, w = pipeline('cscl', 'Mo', 21)
+        rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+        self.assertEqual((rr['laue_class'], rr['space_group_number']), ('m-3m', 221))
+        self.assertFalse(red['space_group_ambiguous'])
+        h, st, red, w = pipeline('zns', 'Mo', 21)
+        rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+        self.assertTrue(red['space_group_ambiguous'])
+        self.assertEqual(sorted([rr['space_group']] + rr['space_group_alternatives']), ['F -4 3 m', 'F m -3 m'])
+
+    def test_runs_of_different_exposure_are_normalised(self):
+        for sid, laue, number in (('quartz', '-3m', 154), ('epsomite', 'mmm', 19)):
+            h, st, red, w = pipeline(sid, 'Cu', 21)                       # strategy exposures 0.1 s and 0.4 s
+            rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+            self.assertEqual((rr['laue_class'], rr['space_group_number']), (laue, number), sid)
+            self.assertLess(w['r1'], 0.05, sid)
+
+    def test_strategy_prediction_matches_the_reduction(self):
+        h, st, red, w = pipeline('aspirin', 'Cu', 21)                     # pseudo-orthorhombic metric (a ~ c); the pre-experiment Laue test gives 2/m
+        it = h.records[red['record_id']]['internal']
+        d_t = max(0.84e-10, rt.line_data('Cu')['lam1'] / 1.7)
+        achieved = float(np.sum(it['d'] >= d_t) / rt.expected_unique(it['A_conv'], it['P'], it['ops_c'], d_t))
+        self.assertLess(abs(achieved - st['predicted_completeness']), 0.03, (achieved, st['predicted_completeness']))
+        self.assertEqual(h.records[st['record_id']]['data']['result']['laue_order_assumed'], 4)
+
+    def test_flack_parameter_distinguishes_the_enantiomorphs(self):
+        for inverted, x0 in ((False, 0.0), (True, 1.0)):
+            h, st, red, w = pipeline('epsomite', 'Cu', 21, inverted=inverted)   # P2(1)2(1)2(1), chiral; S and Mg scatter anomalously at Cu
+            self.assertLess(abs(w['flack_x'] - x0), max(0.1, 3 * w['flack_su']), (inverted, w['flack_x'], w['flack_su']))
+        h, st, red, w = pipeline('nacl', 'Mo', 12)
+        self.assertIsNone(w['flack_x'])                                          # centrosymmetric model
+
+
+    def test_pa3_in_both_indexings_of_the_m3m_lattice(self):
+        for sid, seed in (('sni4', 21), ('alum', 22)):                    # m-3 in an m-3m lattice: the glide test runs in both indexings
+            h, st, red, w = pipeline(sid, 'Mo', seed, mosaic=0.6, dims=(1.2e-4, 1.0e-4, 0.9e-4))
+            rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+            self.assertEqual((rr['laue_class'], rr['space_group_number']), ('m-3', 205), sid)
+
+    def test_absorbing_crystals_keep_their_laue_class(self):
+        for sid, laue, number in (('zno', '6/mmm', 186), ('cisplatin', '2/m', 14)):   # mu d about 3 with Mo: empirical absorption surface
+            h, st, red, w = pipeline(sid, 'Mo', 21, mosaic=0.6, dims=(1.2e-4, 1.0e-4, 0.9e-4))
+            rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+            self.assertEqual((rr['laue_class'], rr['space_group_number']), (laue, number), sid)
+            self.assertLess(w['r1'], 0.05, sid)
+
+    def test_pseudo_symmetry_is_rejected_by_the_group_check(self):
+        for seed, sample_seed in ((21, None), (24, None), (23, 3)):      # I-4 with a pseudo-cubic F metric; seed 23 / sample 3 once crashed in conventional_cell
+            h, st, red, w = pipeline('pentaerythritol', 'Cu', seed, mosaic=0.6, dims=(1.2e-4, 1.0e-4, 0.9e-4), sample_seed=sample_seed)
+            rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+            self.assertEqual((rr['laue_class'], rr['space_group_number']), ('4/m', 82), seed)
+            self.assertLess(w['r1'], 0.06, seed)
+            self.assertEqual(w['name'], 'pentaerythritol')
+
+    def test_true_symmetry_of_well_measured_crystals_is_kept(self):
+        for sid, target, laue, numbers in (('mgo', 'Mo', 'm-3m', (225,)), ('calcite', 'Cu', '-3m', (167,)), ('quartz', 'Cu', '-3m', (152, 154))):
+            h, st, red, w = pipeline(sid, target, 22, mosaic=0.6, dims=(1.2e-4, 1.0e-4, 0.9e-4))
+            rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+            self.assertEqual(rr['laue_class'], laue, sid)
+            self.assertIn(rr['space_group_number'], numbers, sid)
+            self.assertLess(w['r1'], 0.06, sid)
+
+    def test_space_group_setting_maps_the_cell_to_the_symbol(self):
+        h, st, red, w = pipeline('aragonite', 'Mo', 21, mosaic=0.6, dims=(1.2e-4, 1.0e-4, 0.9e-4), sample_seed=3)
+        rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+        it = h.records[red['record_id']]['internal']
+        self.assertEqual((rr['space_group'], rr['space_group_number']), ('P n m a', 62))
+        T = np.array(rr['space_group_setting'])
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(T, np.round(T)) and abs(round(np.linalg.det(T))) == 1)
+        c = rr['cell']
+        G = np.diag([c['a_m'] ** 2, c['b_m'] ** 2, c['c_m'] ** 2])
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(np.sqrt(np.diag(T @ G @ T.T)) * 1e10, (5.7407, 4.9611, 7.9672), rtol=6e-3)   # Pnma aragonite (a, b, c)
+        Hs = np.round(it['H'] @ T.T).astype(int)                         # h' = T h: the indices in the setting of the symbol
+        strong = it['I'] > 5 * it['sigma']
+        h_, k_, l_ = Hs[strong].T
+        bad = ((h_ == 0) & ((k_ + l_) % 2 == 1)) | ((l_ == 0) & (h_ % 2 == 1)) | ((h_ == 0) & (l_ == 0) & (k_ % 2 == 1))   # 0kl k+l, hk0 h, 0k0 k (Pnma)
+        self.assertEqual(int(bad.sum()), 0)
+        self.assertGreater(int(((h_ == 0) | (l_ == 0)).sum()), 20)
+
+    def test_noise_dominated_data_do_not_create_symmetry(self):
+        weak = dict(mosaic=1.2, dims=(4e-5, 3.5e-5, 3e-5), expo=(0.1, 0.05, 0.1))                # I/sigma ~ 1: 0.04 mm, 1.2 deg, short frames (Mo)
+        allowed = {'glucose': {'mmm', '2/m', '-1'}, 'epsomite': {'mmm', '2/m', '-1'}, 'pentaerythritol': {'4/m', '2/m', '-1'}}
+        for sid, seed in (('glucose', 29), ('glucose', 32), ('epsomite', 29), ('pentaerythritol', 29)):
+            h, st, red, w = pipeline(sid, 'Mo', seed, **weak)
+            rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+            self.assertIn(rr['laue_class'], allowed[sid], (sid, seed))    # pseudo-tetragonal / pseudo-cubic metrics: no false rotations accepted
+            search = [t for t in rr['laue_tests'] if t.get('group_check') == 'search'][0]
+            self.assertGreater(search['r_int_p1'], 0.086, (sid, seed))    # really noise-dominated: the cap of the element bound is active
+            self.assertTrue(all(t['bound'] <= max(rt.LAUE_ELEM_CAP, rt.LAUE_ELEM_NOISE_K * (t['noise'] or 0.0)) + 1e-12
+                                for t in rr['laue_tests'] if 'group_check' not in t))
+            tested = [t['bound'] for t in rr['laue_tests'] if 'group_check' not in t and t['pairs'] >= rt.LAUE_MIN_PAIRS and t['r'] is not None]
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(search['element_max'], max(tested + [search['element_bound_base']]), delta=1e-12)   # the largest bound applied
+
+    def test_origin_choice_two_is_reported(self):
+        for sid, seed in (('spinel', 29), ('si', 25)):
+            h, st, red, w = pipeline(sid, 'Mo', seed, mosaic=0.6, dims=(1.2e-4, 1.0e-4, 0.9e-4))
+            rr = h.records[red['record_id']]['data']['result']
+            self.assertEqual((rr['space_group'], rr['space_group_number']), ('F d -3 m :2', 227), sid)
+            self.assertEqual(rr['space_group_origin_alternatives'], ['F d -3 m :1'], sid)
+            self.assertFalse(rr['space_group_ambiguous'], sid)
+
+    def test_cell_coincidences_are_resolved_by_the_intensities(self):
+        h, st, red, w = pipeline('si', 'Mo', 27, mosaic=0.6, dims=(1.2e-4, 1.0e-4, 0.9e-4), sample_seed=3)   # a = 5.431 A, within the cell error of ZnS 5.409 A
+        res = h.records[w['record_id']]['data']['result']
+        self.assertEqual(w['name'], 'silicon')
+        self.assertLess(w['r1'], 0.02)
+        names = [m['name_en'] for m in res['matches']]
+        self.assertIn('sphalerite', names)
+        self.assertEqual(res['ranked_by'], 'refined wR2 of the cell matches')
+        self.assertEqual(res['refinement']['models_refined'], len(res['matches']))
+        self.assertGreater(min(m['refined_r1'] for m in res['matches'][1:]), 0.1)
+
+
+class WeakCrystalsAndLattices(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_weak_crystal_pre_experiment_ends_and_the_clock_runs(self):
+        for sid, seed in (('aspirin', 32), ('pentaerythritol', 32), ('aspirin', 29)):   # once LinAlgError inside sim.step: the operation never ended
+            s = dict(sample_id='x', substance_id=sid, size_m=[4e-5, 3.5e-5, 3e-5], mosaicity_rad=1.2 * DEG, seed=seed)
+            h = xray(mounted(seed=seed, sample='x', samples=(s,), target='Mo'), 50e3, 24e-3)
+            h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+            h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+            r0 = h.session('ag').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='experiment.pre_experiment',
+                                        arguments=dict(exposure_s=0.1, frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG, distance_m=0.045), request_id='pre')
+            self.assertEqual(r0['status'], 'accepted')
+            for i in range(4):
+                t0 = h.t
+                resp = h.session('ev').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='sim.step', arguments=dict(dt_s=600.0), request_id=f'st{i}')
+                self.assertEqual(resp['status'], 'succeeded', resp.get('error'))
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(h.t - t0, 600.0, delta=1e-6)
+            self.assertIsNone(h.op)
+            pre = [x for x in h.records.values() if x['kind'] == 'pre_experiment'][0]
+            self.assertEqual(pre['status'], 'completed')
+            self.assertIn(pre['data']['auto_index']['reason'] if not pre['data']['auto_index']['indexed'] else 'indexed',
+                          ('indexed', 'NO_PEAKS', 'TOO_FEW_PEAKS', 'NO_LATTICE', 'LOW_INDEXATION'))
+
+    def test_conventional_cell_of_every_candidate_group(self):
+        E = np.eye(3, dtype=int)
+        key = lambda M: np.round(M).astype(int).tobytes()                                  # noqa: E731
+        names = {('triclinic', 1), ('monoclinic', 2), ('orthorhombic', 4), ('tetragonal', 4), ('tetragonal', 8), ('hexagonal', 3), ('hexagonal', 6),
+                 ('hexagonal', 12), ('cubic', 12), ('cubic', 24)}
+        for sid in ('adp', 'epsomite', 'glucose', 'pentaerythritol', 'aspirin', 'nacl', 'quartz'):
+            A = rt.database_cells()[sid]['A_red']
+            lat = {key(M): np.round(M).astype(int) for M in rt.metric_ops(A)}
+            props = [M for M in lat.values() if round(np.linalg.det(M)) > 0 and not np.array_equal(M, E)]
+            groups = {}
+            for i in range(len(props)):
+                for j in range(i, len(props)):
+                    G = rt._closure([props[i], props[j]])
+                    ks = frozenset(key(g) for g in G)
+                    if ks <= set(lat) | {key(E)}:
+                        groups[ks] = G
+            for G in groups.values():
+                L = [np.array(g) for g in G] + [-np.array(g) for g in G]
+                try:
+                    Ac, P, system, cen = rt.conventional_cell(A, L)
+                except rt.ConventionalCellError:
+                    continue                                                                   # the callers fall back to the triclinic cell
+                Pinv = np.linalg.inv(P)
+                self.assertTrue(all(np.allclose(np.linalg.inv(Pinv @ M @ P), np.round(np.linalg.inv(Pinv @ M @ P))) for M in L), (sid, system))
+                self.assertIn((system, len(G)), names, (sid, system, len(G)))
+
+
+class IndexFallback(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_triclinic_fallback_of_the_indexing_is_recorded(self):
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=13))
+        rid = collect(h, runs=[dict(RUN, omega_end_rad=-20 * DEG)])
+        real = rt.conventional_cell
+
+        def failing(A, ops):                                                  # fault injection: the metric symmetry cannot be converted
+            if len(ops) > 2:
+                raise rt.ConventionalCellError('injected')
+            return real(A, ops)
+        base = h.invoke('processing.index', record_id=rid, threshold_i_sigma=5.0)
+        order = h.records[base['record_id']]['data']['result']['lattice_symmetry_order']
+        self.assertGreater(order, 2)
+        rt.conventional_cell = failing
+        try:
+            ix = h.invoke('processing.index', record_id=rid, threshold_i_sigma=5.0)
+        finally:
+            rt.conventional_cell = real
+        rec = h.records[ix['record_id']]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['data']['result']['crystal_system'], 'triclinic')
+        self.assertEqual(rec['data']['result']['lattice_symmetry_order'], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(rec['data']['result']['metric_symmetry_order_unconverted'], order)
+        self.assertIn('lattice_symmetry_not_converted', rec['warnings'])
+        self.assertNotIn('lattice_symmetry_not_converted', h.records[base['record_id']]['warnings'])
+
+
+class RecordsLedgersSessions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_energy_and_count_ledgers_close(self):
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=17, cold=False))
+        e0, t0 = h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], h.t
+        h.step(100.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'] - e0, (rt.ELECTRONICS_W + 40e3 * 30e-3 / rt.GENERATOR_EFFICIENCY) * 100.0, delta=1e-6)
+        rid = collect(h, runs=[dict(RUN, omega_end_rad=-20 * DEG)])
+        led = h.ledger()
+        self.assertEqual(led['frames'], 20.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['exposure_s'], 20 * 0.2, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['crystal_dose_gy'], h.read('evaluator')['truth.crystal']['dose_gy'], delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertGreater(led['crystal_dose_gy'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(led['xray_on_s'], led['filament_s'])
+
+    def test_two_instances_are_isolated(self):
+        a, b = xray(mounted(seed=18, cold=False)), mounted(seed=18, cold=False)
+        collect(a, runs=[dict(RUN, omega_end_rad=-20 * DEG)])
+        self.assertEqual(b.ledger()['frames'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(b.records, {})
+
+    def test_agent_does_not_see_truth_or_foreign_objects(self):
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=19, cold=False))
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent'); h.register_principal('a2', 'agent'); h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        s1, s2, ev = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2'), h.session('ev')
+        obs = s1.read(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in obs))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s1.read(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, state_ids=['truth.crystal'])
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='sample.provide', arguments=dict(ASPIRIN, sample_id='x2'), request_id='q1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = s1.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='data.collect', arguments=dict(runs=[dict(RUN, omega_end_rad=-20 * DEG)], strategy_record_id=None,
+                                                                                               frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG), request_id='q2')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        r2 = s2.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='goniometer.move', arguments=dict(rt.POSE_EXAMPLE), request_id='q3')
+        self.assertEqual(r2['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertIsNone(s2.read(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID)['observations']['operation.id']['value'])
+        h.step(100.0)
+        rid = h.operations[r['operation_id']]['record_id']
+        res = s1.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid, max_values=100), request_id='q4')
+        self.assertIsNone(res['result']['record']['template_source']['substance_id'])
+        ev_res = ev.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid, max_values=100), request_id='q5')
+        self.assertEqual(ev_res['result']['record']['template_source']['substance_id'], 'aspirin')
+        r3 = s2.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(record_id=rid, max_values=100), request_id='q6')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertNotIn(rid, s2.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='q7')['result']['records'])
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='icing', active=True)
+        ev_events = s1.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='q8')['result']['events']
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] == 'fault' for e in ev_events))
+
+    def test_idempotent_requests_and_conflicts(self):
+        h = ready(seed=20)
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a1')
+        r1 = s.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='safety.doors_ok', arguments={}, request_id='same')
+        r2 = s.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='safety.doors_ok', arguments={}, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        r3 = s.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(enabled=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.assertTrue(h.power)
+
+    def test_defects_become_device_errors(self):
+        h = ready(seed=21)
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a1')
+        orig = h._cmd_camera_view
+        h._cmd_camera_view = lambda: 1 / 0
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='camera.view', arguments={}, request_id='z')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'DEVICE_ERROR')
+        h._cmd_camera_view = orig
+
+    def test_remaining_capabilities_through_the_api(self):
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=22, cold=False))
+        rid = collect(h, runs=[dict(RUN, omega_end_rad=-20 * DEG)])
+        h.invoke('processing.index', record_id=rid, threshold_i_sigma=5.0)
+        h.invoke('records.list')
+        h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)
+        h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id=rid, max_values=200)
+        h.invoke('xray.set', voltage_v=45e3, current_a=26e-3)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.invoke('shutter.close')
+        h.invoke('xray.off')
+        h.invoke('records.delete', record_id=rid)
+        self.assertNotIn(rid, h.records)
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=1.0)
+
+
+    def test_agent_ledger_hides_the_crystal_dose(self):
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=17, cold=False))
+        h.invoke('shutter.open')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        h.register_principal('a1', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        a = h.session('a1').invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='ledger.read', arguments={}, request_id='l1')['result']['ledger']
+        e = h.session('ev').invoke(instance_id=rt.INSTANCE_ID, capability_id='ledger.read', arguments={}, request_id='l2')['result']['ledger']
+        self.assertNotIn('crystal_dose_gy', a)
+        self.assertGreater(e['crystal_dose_gy'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in e.items() if k != 'crystal_dose_gy'}, a)
+
+    def test_agent_summaries_come_from_measurements(self):
+        h = xray(mounted(seed=5))
+        rid = collect(h, runs=[dict(RUN, exposure_s=1.0)])
+        rr = h.records[rid]['runs'][0]
+        o = rr['obs']
+        out = h.invoke('measurement.result', record_id=rid, max_values=64)
+        self.assertEqual(out['data']['runs'][0]['spots_measured'], int(np.sum(o['i_obs'] / o['sigma'] > 3)))
+        idx = h.invoke('processing.index', record_id=rid, threshold_i_sigma=5.0)
+        est = h.records[idx['record_id']]['data']['result']['resolution_estimate_m']
+        sel = o['i_obs'] / o['sigma'] > 3
+        s1, _ = rt.pixel_rays(rr['run']['theta'], rr['run']['distance'], o['x_obs'][sel], o['y_obs'][sel])
+        lam = rt.line_data(h.plant['target'])['lam1']
+        d_meas = lam / (2 * np.sin(np.arccos(np.clip(s1[:, 0], -1, 1)) / 2))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(est, float(np.percentile(d_meas, 2)), delta=1e-18)
+
+
+class ZDeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_on_step_changes_are_declared(self):
+        cases = {
+            'goniometer.move': lambda h: h.invoke('goniometer.move', omega_rad=20 * DEG, kappa_rad=0.0, phi_rad=0.5, theta_rad=0.2, distance_m=0.06),
+            'xray.on': lambda h: (h.invoke('xray.set_key', angle_rad=math.pi / 2), h.invoke('xray.on', voltage_v=40e3, current_a=30e-3)),
+            'cryostream.set': lambda h: h.invoke('cryostream.set', temperature_k=150.0, ramp_k_s=0.1),
+            'data.collect': lambda h: (xray(h), h.step(1.0), h.invoke('data.collect', runs=[dict(RUN, omega_end_rad=-20 * DEG)], strategy_record_id=None,
+                                                                           frame_width_rad=0.5 * DEG)),
+        }
+        for cap, fn in cases.items():
+            for window in (3.0, 60.0):
+                base = mounted(seed=23, cold=False)
+                other = mounted(seed=23, cold=False)
+                if cap == 'data.collect':
+                    xray(base); base.step(1.0)
+                fn(other)
+                before_b, before_o = base.read('evaluator'), other.read('evaluator')
+                base.step(window); other.step(window)
+                after_b, after_o = base.read('evaluator'), other.read('evaluator')
+                diff = {k for k in after_o if _changed(after_o[k], before_o[k]) and not _changed(after_b[k], before_b[k])}
+                allowed = set(rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, [])) | set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, [])) | {'clock.time_s', 'truth.flux_ph_s'}
+                if cap in ('xray.on', 'data.collect'):
+                    allowed |= set(rt.ON_STEP['xray.on']) | {'truth.filament_remaining_s'}
+                self.assertFalse(diff - allowed, (cap, window, sorted(diff - allowed)))
+
+    def test_every_executable_capability_was_accepted(self):
+        implemented = [k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and k not in rt.DECLARED]
+        missing = [k for k in implemented if k not in PROCESS_EVIDENCE]
+        self.assertEqual(missing, [], missing)
+
+    def test_rejection_codes_are_declared(self):
+        meta = _meta()['capabilities']
+        for cap, codes in REJECTIONS.items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta[cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertFalse(codes - declared - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT'}, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_seal_aa500.py b/tests/test_asset_seal_aa500.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6e85d850c7d24ea6fbbbe925d06e6ed4212e716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_seal_aa500.py
@@ -0,0 +1,897 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-172 seal_aa500 (SEAL AA500 segmented continuous flow analyzer, 4 nutrient channels + AS2 sampler):
+python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_seal_aa500.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation and foreign-agent ownership; idempotent
+request ids; two instances isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its
+schema and every success changes only declared slots; EPA stock recipes against PubChem formulas; manifold design rule (top of range about 0.8 AU)
+and the EPA 366.0 silicate manifold flows; start-up / shutdown programs, motorised platen and bath warm-up; transport delay and steady-state peak;
+linear calibration and recovery of a mixed water sample; carry-over (EPA 366.0 high / low / low) grows when the wash time is cut; throughput limit
+(120 samples / h); auto-dilution of over-range samples; quadratic fit above 1.2 AU; drift correction; cadmium reduction efficiency (nitrite /
+nitrate check), air in the cadmium coil and activation; chlorine poisoning; arsenate and iron on phosphate; salinity refractive-index blank and
+colour; bath temperature and colour development; LED wavelength mismatch and flow-cell path length; pump-tube wear; reagent empty, leak, probe
+blocked, LED failure, bath runaway; power cut during a run; raw trace bubbles; interlocks (lid, platen, cover, lamp); manifold / method changes."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import seal_aa500 as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'seal_aa500_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+TOPS = dict(nitrate_stock=0.0028, ammonium_stock=0.006, phosphate_stock=0.008, silicate_stock=0.026)        # kg/m3 element at the top standard
+LEVELS = [0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]
+CH_OF = dict(nitrate_stock='ch1', ammonium_stock='ch2', phosphate_stock='ch3', silicate_stock='ch4')
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return x != y
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, room=295.15, mains=230.0, instance=INST):
+        self.h = rt.SealAa500Runtime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=room, mains_voltage_v=mains, noise_seed=seed)
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        """Instrumented call: outputs validated against the declared schema; a success changes only declared immediate slots and never the clock;
+        a rejection leaves every slot unchanged and returns a declared error code."""
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_seal_aa500_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def kits(self, *names, volume=3e-3):
+        for k in names or rt.KITS:
+            self.call(self.E, 'kit.provide', kit=k, volume_m3=volume)
+
+    def reagents(self, volume=4e-4):
+        for c, ch in self.h.ch.items():
+            for rg in ch['reagents']:
+                self.call(self.A, 'reagent.load', channel=c, reagent=rg, volume_m3=volume)
+
+    def ready(self, power=True, kits=True):
+        if kits:
+            self.kits()
+            self.reagents()
+        if power:
+            self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.call(self.A, 'system.startup')
+        for _ in range(90):
+            self.step(60.0)
+            if self.read('system.state') == 'ready':
+                return self.h.t
+        raise AssertionError('never ready')
+
+    def standards(self, tops=None, levels=LEVELS, rack='S', first=1, prefix='std'):
+        tops = dict(TOPS if tops is None else tops)
+        for i, f in enumerate(levels):
+            comps = [dict(source_id=k, volume_m3=1e-4 * v / rt.STOCK_NOMINAL[k] * f) for k, v in tops.items() if f > 0]
+            comps.append(dict(source_id='wash_water', volume_m3=1e-4 - sum(x['volume_m3'] for x in comps)))
+            self.call(self.A, 'standard.prepare', standard_id=f'{prefix}{i}', volume_m3=1e-4, components=comps)
+            self.call(self.A, 'sampler.load', rack=rack, position=first + i, item_id=f'{prefix}{i}', volume_m3=1e-5)
+        return [dict(rack=rack, position=first + i, type='calibrant') for i in range(len(levels))]
+
+    def sample(self, sid, pos, rack='A', volume=1e-5, **comp):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sample.provide', sample_id=sid, volume_m3=max(5e-5, volume), composition=comp)
+        self.call(self.A, 'sampler.load', rack=rack, position=pos, item_id=sid, volume_m3=volume)
+        return dict(rack=rack, position=pos, type='sample')
+
+    def wash_cup(self, pos=22):
+        if ('S', pos) not in self.h.racks:
+            self.call(self.A, 'sampler.load', rack='S', position=pos, item_id='wash_water', volume_m3=1e-5)
+        return dict(rack='S', position=pos, type='baseline')
+
+    def run(self, cups, sample_s=60.0, wash_s=30.0, **kw):
+        self.call(self.A, 'run.start', cups=cups, sample_s=sample_s, wash_s=wash_s, **kw)
+        for _ in range(2000):
+            if self.read('run.status')['state'] not in ('running', 'draining'):
+                break
+            self.step(60.0)
+        return self.call(self.A, 'data.results')
+
+    def conc(self, res, cup, ch):
+        return next(r for r in res['results'] if r['cup'] == cup and r['channel'] == ch)
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    """Error codes each command can raise: its own ActionRejected calls plus those of the helpers it calls (static scan of the module source)."""
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\n    _NOCOPY)', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k[5:].replace('_', '.', 1)] = codes
+    return out
+
+
+_READY = {}
+
+
+def ready_rig(seed=1):
+    """A started-up rig with the mixed calibrants on the standard rack (re-used read-only by several tests through deep copies would be costly;
+    built fresh per call)."""
+    g = Rig(seed=seed)
+    g.ready()
+    cal = g.standards()
+    return g, cal
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_and_mirrors_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_seal_aa500_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                self.assertTrue(set(pre['state_ids']) <= slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+            self.assertTrue(c['function_zh'])
+            self.assertIn(c['kind'], ('query', 'device_command', 'robot_skill', 'simulation', 'analysis', 'configuration'))
+            self.assertIn(c['model_effects']['mode'], ('none', 'direct', 'coupled', 'host_required'))
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for k in rt.SCENE_MIRRORED:
+            self.assertEqual(meta['state_slots'][k]['visibility'], 'agent', k)
+        mech = meta['mechanisms']['segmented_flow_process']
+        for name, p in mech['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+        self.assertEqual(len(meta['capabilities']), 40)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_seal_aa500_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            if cap not in meta['capabilities']:
+                cap = next(k for k in meta['capabilities'] if k.replace('.', '_') == cap.replace('.', '_'))
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'unsupported')
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        d = g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']))
+        self.assertFalse(any(c['visibility'] != 'agent' for c in d['capabilities'].values()))
+        for c in d['capabilities'].values():
+            self.assertFalse(any(e['state_id'].startswith('truth.') for e in c['state_effects']))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            g.A.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['truth.streams'])
+        for cap, args in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)), ('kit.provide', dict(kit='wash_water')),
+                          ('sample.provide', dict(sample_id='x', volume_m3=1e-5, composition={}))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x-' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', cap)
+        self.assertIn('truth.streams', g.E.describe(instance_id=INST)['state_slots'])
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='probe_blocked', active=True)
+        ev = g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] == 'fault' for e in ev))
+        self.assertTrue(any(e['kind'] == 'fault' for e in g.call(g.E, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+
+    def test_foreign_agent_ownership(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.h.register_principal('agent2', 'agent')
+        B = g.h.session('agent2')
+        g.kits('nitrate_stock', 'wash_water')
+        g.call(g.A, 'standard.prepare', standard_id='mine', volume_m3=1e-4, components=[dict(source_id='nitrate_stock', volume_m3=1e-7)])
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', rack='S', position=1, item_id='mine', volume_m3=1e-5)
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='sampler.load', arguments=dict(rack='S', position=2, item_id='mine', volume_m3=1e-5), request_id='b1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='standard.prepare', arguments=dict(standard_id='b', volume_m3=1e-4,
+                                                                                        components=[dict(source_id='mine', volume_m3=1e-5)]), request_id='b2')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='sampler.unload', arguments=dict(rack='S', position=1), request_id='b3')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='run.start', arguments=dict(cups=[dict(rack='S', position=1, type='sample')], sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0),
+                     request_id='b4')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertNotIn('mine', B.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['samples.available'])['observations']['samples.available']['value'])
+        # evaluator-provided stocks are shared; agent 2 prepares its own standard
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='standard.prepare', arguments=dict(standard_id='theirs', volume_m3=1e-4,
+                                                                                        components=[dict(source_id='nitrate_stock', volume_m3=1e-7)]), request_id='b5')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.unload', rack='S', position=1)
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='sampler.load', arguments=dict(rack='S', position=1, item_id='theirs', volume_m3=1e-5), request_id='b6')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.kits('wash_water')
+        args = dict(rack='A', position=3, item_id='wash_water', volume_m3=5e-6)
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='sampler.load', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        snap = g.h.read('evaluator')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='sampler.load', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertEqual(snap, g.h.read('evaluator'))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='sampler.load', arguments=dict(args, position=4), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        r4 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='sampler.load', arguments=args, request_id='other')
+        self.assertEqual(r4['error']['code'], 'POSITION_OCCUPIED')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='aa500_a'), Rig(instance='aa500_b', room=300.15)
+        a.call(a.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            a.A.read(instance_id='aa500_b')
+        r = a.A.invoke(instance_id='aa500_b', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='z')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        def run(steps):
+            g = Rig(seed=5)
+            g.kits()
+            g.reagents()
+            g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+            g.call(g.A, 'system.startup')
+            for s in steps:
+                g.step(s)
+            r = g.read()
+            return r['detector.absorbance'], r['baths.temperature_k'], r['system.state'], r['truth.streams']['ch1']['equivalent_mol_m3']
+        total = 1500.0
+        a = run([total])
+        b = run([7.0, 53.0, 1000.0, 0.5, 439.5])
+        c = run([total / 30.0] * 30)
+        d = run([0.05] * 2000 + [1400.0])                 # the scene advances the runtime in 0.05 s environment steps
+        e = run([0.37, 13.11, 486.52, 1000.0])
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a, c)
+        self.assertEqual(a, d)
+        self.assertEqual(a, e)
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r = rt.SealAa500Runtime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        out = r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')
+        self.assertEqual(out['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', room_k=295.15, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'system.startup', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.move', expect='POWER_OFF', target='wash')
+        g.kits('wash_water', 'reagents_nitrate_nitrite')
+        g.kits('nitrate_stock', volume=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'standard.prepare', expect='VOLUME_OUT_OF_RANGE', standard_id='s', volume_m3=1e-5, components=[dict(source_id='wash_water', volume_m3=2e-5)])
+        g.call(g.A, 'standard.prepare', expect='UNKNOWN_ITEM', standard_id='s', volume_m3=1e-4, components=[dict(source_id='nope', volume_m3=1e-5)])
+        g.call(g.A, 'standard.prepare', expect='INSUFFICIENT_VOLUME', standard_id='s', volume_m3=1e-4, components=[dict(source_id='nitrate_stock', volume_m3=2e-6)])
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', expect='UNKNOWN_ITEM', rack='A', position=1, item_id='nitrate_nitrite:colour_reagent', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', rack='S', position=30, item_id='wash_water', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', rack='S', position=1, item_id='wash_water', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', expect='POSITION_OCCUPIED', rack='S', position=1, item_id='wash_water', volume_m3=1e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.unload', expect='POSITION_EMPTY', rack='S', position=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'reagent.load', expect='WRONG_REAGENT', channel='ch2', reagent='colour_reagent', volume_m3=1e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'reagent.load', expect='UNKNOWN_ITEM', channel='ch2', reagent='complexing_reagent', volume_m3=1e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'reagent.load', expect='BOTTLE_FULL', channel='ch1', reagent='colour_reagent', volume_m3=1e-3)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cadmium.activate', expect='NO_CADMIUM', channel='ch3')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cadmium.activate', expect='UNKNOWN_ITEM', channel='ch1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pumptube.install', expect='UNKNOWN_METHOD', channel='ch1', method_id='nope')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pumptube.install', expect='METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED', channel='ch1', method_id='MT508_A085_chloride')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pumptube.install', expect='WRONG_MANIFOLD', channel='ch1', method_id='MT507_A026_nitrate_nitrite')
+        g.call(g.A, 'pumptube.install', expect='PUMP_LID_CLOSED', channel='ch1', method_id='MT508_A047_nitrite')
+        g.call(g.A, 'led.install', expect='COVER_CLOSED', channel='ch1', wavelength_m=660e-9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platen.set', engaged=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.lid_set', expect='PLATEN_ENGAGED', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'channel.configure', expect='TUBES_MISMATCH', channel='ch1', method_id='MT508_A047_nitrite')
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', expect='PUMP_NOT_FLOWING', cups=[dict(rack='S', position=1, type='baseline')], sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lamp.set', channel='ch1', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cover.set', expect='LAMP_ON', channel='ch1', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.stop', expect='NO_RUN')
+        g.call(g.A, 'data.recalculate', expect='NO_RUN', fit='auto', carryover_correction=True, drift_correction=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='bath_failure', active=True, channel='ch1')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='led_failure', active=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='NO_CADMIUM', fault='cadmium_air', active=True, channel='ch2')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=295.15, mains_voltage_v=180.0, noise_seed=1)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('power.on'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', expect='MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.press_switch', expect='MAINS_OUT_OF_RANGE')
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_epa_stock_recipes_and_nominal_labels(self):
+        for kit, (sid, species, mass) in rt.STOCKS.items():
+            e = rt.substances()[sid]
+            true = mass * e['element_mass_fraction']
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(true / rt.STOCK_NOMINAL[kit], 1.0, delta=1.5e-3, msg=kit)
+        g = Rig()
+        g.kits('nitrate_stock', 'wash_water')
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'standard.prepare', standard_id='n1', volume_m3=1e-4, components=[dict(source_id='nitrate_stock', volume_m3=1e-7),
+                                                                                             dict(source_id='wash_water', volume_m3=9.99e-5)])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['nominal_kg_m3']['ch1'], 0.001, places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('truth.items')['n1']['composition']['nitrate_n'], 0.001, delta=2e-6)
+
+    def test_manifold_design_rule_and_epa366_silicate_flows(self):
+        for c, m in rt.DEFAULT_METHOD.items():
+            tb = rt.design_manifold(m, 0.010)
+            eps = rt.methods()[m]['chemistry']['molar_absorptivity_m2_mol']
+            a_top = eps * 0.010 * rt.method_range(m)['high_mol'] * tb['sample_fraction']
+            self.assertTrue(0.5 < a_top < 1.2, (c, a_top))
+        tb = rt.design_manifold('MT508_A030_silicate', 0.010)
+        q = {k: v * 6e7 for k, v in tb['reagents_m3_s'].items()}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(q['molybdate'], 0.41, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(q['oxalic_acid'], 0.32, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(tb['air_m3_s'] * 6e7, 0.25, places=9)
+        # the 50 mm cell for the low range: the design picks a smaller sample fraction for the same top absorbance
+        self.assertLess(rt.design_manifold('MT508_A029_phosphate', 0.050)['sample_fraction'], rt.design_manifold('MT508_A029_phosphate', 0.010)['sample_fraction'])
+
+    def test_startup_platen_baths_and_shutdown(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.kits()
+        g.reagents()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'system.startup')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.platen_position_m'), 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.rotor_velocity_rad_s'), 0.0)
+        g.step(4.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pump.platen_position_m'), 0.004, places=9)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pump.rotor_velocity_rad_s'), 2 * math.pi * 10 / 60, places=9)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('system.state'), 'starting')
+        g.step(590.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('channels.status')['ch1']['valve'], 'wash')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('channels.status')['ch1']['valve'], 'reagent')
+        t = None
+        for _ in range(60):
+            g.step(60.0)
+            if g.read('system.state') == 'ready':
+                t = g.h.t
+                break
+        self.assertTrue(t is not None and 1200.0 <= t <= 2700.0, t)
+        self.assertTrue(all(abs(v - 310.15) <= 0.5 for v in g.read('baths.temperature_k').values()))
+        st = g.read('channels.status')
+        self.assertTrue(all(s['led_warm'] for s in st.values()))
+        g.call(g.A, 'system.shutdown')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.speed'), 'fast')
+        g.step(899.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('system.state'), 'shutting_down')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        r = g.read()
+        self.assertEqual(r['system.state'], 'idle')
+        self.assertFalse(r['pump.running'])
+        self.assertFalse(r['pump.platen_engaged'])
+        self.assertFalse(any(s['led_on'] for s in r['channels.status'].values()))
+        g.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.platen_position_m'), 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.lid_set', open=True)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('pump.lid_angle_rad'), 1.2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'system.startup', expect='PUMP_LID_OPEN')
+
+    def test_transport_delay_and_steady_state_peak(self):
+        g, cal = ready_rig()
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.move', target='position', rack='S', position=6, probe_down=True)
+        t0 = g.h.t
+        fl = g.h._flows('ch3')
+        delay = g.h._delay_s(fl)
+        self.assertTrue(40.0 < delay < 200.0, delay)
+        base = g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch3']
+        g.step(delay - 10.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch3'] - base, 0.01)
+        g.step(120.0)
+        a = g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch3']
+        g.step(60.0)
+        b = g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch3']
+        self.assertGreater(a - base, 0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a, b, delta=0.01)
+        tr = g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['state']['streams']['ch3']
+        eq = 0.008 / (rt.MW['P'] * 1e-3) * fl['fraction']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(tr['equivalent_mol_m3'] / eq, 1.0, delta=0.04)
+        self.assertGreater(g.h.t, t0)
+        # probe position mirrors
+        x, y = rt.rack_position_xy('S', 6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('sampler.probe_x_m'), x)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('sampler.probe_y_m'), y)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('sampler.probe_z_m'), rt.PROBE_TRAVEL_Z)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.unload', expect='PROBE_IN_TUBE', rack='S', position=6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.move', target='home')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual((g.read('sampler.probe_x_m'), g.read('sampler.probe_z_m')), (0.0, 0.0))
+
+    def test_calibration_and_mixed_sample_recovery(self):
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=3)
+        s = g.sample('river', 1, nitrate_n=0.0012, nitrite_n=0.0001, ammonium_n=0.0015, phosphate_p=0.002, silicate_si=0.012)
+        res = g.run([g.wash_cup()] + cal + [s, dict(rack='S', position=4, type='drift'), g.wash_cup()])
+        for c, v in res['calibration'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(v['order'], 1, c)
+            self.assertGreater(v['r2'], 0.999, c)
+        truth = dict(ch1=0.0013 * 0.99, ch2=0.0015, ch3=0.002, ch4=0.012)
+        for c, tv in truth.items():
+            found = g.conc(res, 8, c)['concentration_kg_m3']
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(found / tv, 1.0, delta=0.05, msg=c)            # single injection, RSD about 1 % (EPA 366.0)
+        self.assertEqual(res['state'], 'completed')
+        led = g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        q_s = sum(g.h._flows(c)['sample'] for c in rt.CHANNELS)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['sample_used_m3'] / (q_s * 60.0 * 10), 1.0, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertGreater(led['nitrate_reduced_mol'], 0.0)
+
+    def test_repeatability_and_detection_limit(self):
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=11)
+        mid = [dict(rack='S', position=4, type='sample') for _ in range(7)]
+        blanks = [dict(rack='S', position=1, type='sample') for _ in range(7)]
+        res = g.run([g.wash_cup()] + cal + mid + blanks + [g.wash_cup()], sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0)
+        for c in rt.CHANNELS:
+            v = [g.conc(res, 8 + i, c)['concentration_kg_m3'] for i in range(7)]
+            m = sum(v) / 7
+            sd = math.sqrt(sum((x - m) ** 2 for x in v) / 6)
+            self.assertLess(sd / m, 0.02, c)
+            self.assertGreater(sd / m, 0.0005, c)
+            b = [g.conc(res, 15 + i, c)['concentration_kg_m3'] for i in range(7)]
+            mb = sum(b) / 7
+            mdl = 3.14 * math.sqrt(sum((x - mb) ** 2 for x in b) / 6)
+            self.assertLess(mdl, 0.03 * rt.method_range(rt.DEFAULT_METHOD[c])['high_mol'] * {'ch4': 0.028, 'ch3': 0.031}.get(c, 0.014), c)
+        PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault('repeatability', []).append(dict(note='7 replicate mid standards, 7 blanks'))
+
+    def test_carryover_grows_with_shorter_wash_and_throughput_limit(self):
+        def k_of(sample_s, wash_s):
+            g, _ = ready_rig(seed=4)
+            hi = dict(rack='S', position=6, type='carryover_high')
+            lo = dict(rack='S', position=1, type='carryover_low')
+            res = g.run([g.wash_cup()] + [hi, lo, dict(lo)] + [g.wash_cup()], sample_s=sample_s, wash_s=wash_s)
+            g.call(g.A, 'run.start', expect='RATE_TOO_HIGH', cups=[lo], sample_s=20.0, wash_s=5.0)
+            return res, g
+        res, g = k_of(60.0, 30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(res['calibration'], {})
+        k_long = g.h._corrected(g.h.last_run)['ch3']['carryover']
+        _, g2 = k_of(25.0, 7.0)
+        k_short = g2.h._corrected(g2.h.last_run)['ch3']['carryover']
+        self.assertLess(k_long, 0.02)
+        self.assertGreater(k_short, k_long)
+        self.assertGreater(k_short, 0.005)
+
+    def test_auto_dilution_and_over_range(self):
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=6)
+        s = g.sample('hot', 1, nitrate_n=0.010, ammonium_n=0.002, phosphate_p=0.003, silicate_si=0.010)
+        res = g.run([g.wash_cup()] + cal + [s, g.wash_cup()], auto_dilute=True, dilution_factor=10.0)
+        rows = [r for r in res['results'] if r['rack'] == 'A']
+        orig = next(r for r in rows if r['channel'] == 'ch1' and 'AUTO_DILUTED' not in r['flags'])
+        redo = next(r for r in rows if r['channel'] == 'ch1' and 'AUTO_DILUTED' in r['flags'])
+        self.assertIn('OVER_RANGE', orig['flags'])
+        self.assertEqual(redo['dilution'], 10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(redo['concentration_kg_m3'] / (0.010 * 0.99), 1.0, delta=0.05)
+        codes = [e['code'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        self.assertIn('AUTO_DILUTION', codes)
+
+    def test_quadratic_fit_above_threshold_and_recalculate(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=8)
+        g.ready()
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', expect='POSITION_EMPTY', cups=[dict(rack='S', position=1, type='baseline')], sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0)
+        tops = dict(TOPS, phosphate_stock=0.016)                    # twice the range: the top calibrants pass 1.2 AU (Beer-Lambert stays linear here)
+        cal = g.standards(tops=tops)
+        res = g.run([g.wash_cup()] + cal + [g.wash_cup()])
+        self.assertEqual(res['calibration']['ch3']['order'], 2)
+        lin = g.call(g.A, 'data.recalculate', fit='linear', carryover_correction=True, drift_correction=True)
+        self.assertEqual(lin['calibration']['ch3']['order'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(g.call(g.A, 'data.results')['calibration']['ch3']['order'], 1)
+
+    def test_drift_correction(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=9)
+        g.ready()
+        cal = g.standards()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pump_tube_worn', active=True, channel='ch2')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pump_tube_worn', active=False, channel='ch2')
+        s = g.sample('w', 1, ammonium_n=0.003)
+        drift = dict(rack='S', position=4, type='drift')
+        # sensitivity drops after the calibration (sample tube wear): drift standards before and after the sample correct it
+        cups = [g.wash_cup()] + cal + [drift, s, drift, g.wash_cup()]
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', cups=cups, sample_s=60.0, wash_s=30.0)
+        while g.h.run['index'] < 8:                                  # the sampler is about to take the sample cup
+            g.step(1.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pump_tube_worn', active=True, channel='ch2')
+        while g.read('run.status')['state'] in ('running', 'draining'):
+            g.step(60.0)
+        on = g.conc(g.call(g.A, 'data.results'), 9, 'ch2')['concentration_kg_m3']
+        off = g.call(g.A, 'data.recalculate', fit='auto', carryover_correction=True, drift_correction=False)
+        off = g.conc(g.call(g.A, 'data.results'), 9, 'ch2')['concentration_kg_m3']
+        self.assertLess(abs(on / 0.003 - 1.0), abs(off / 0.003 - 1.0))
+        self.assertLess(off / 0.003, 0.95)
+
+    def test_cadmium_efficiency_check_air_and_activation(self):
+        def eff(prep=None):
+            g = Rig(seed=12)
+            g.ready()
+            if prep:
+                prep(g)
+            g.call(g.A, 'standard.prepare', standard_id='no2', volume_m3=1e-4, components=[dict(source_id='nitrite_stock', volume_m3=2e-7),
+                                                                                             dict(source_id='wash_water', volume_m3=9.98e-5)])
+            g.call(g.A, 'standard.prepare', standard_id='no3', volume_m3=1e-4, components=[dict(source_id='nitrate_stock', volume_m3=2e-7),
+                                                                                             dict(source_id='wash_water', volume_m3=9.98e-5)])
+            g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', rack='S', position=1, item_id='no2', volume_m3=1e-5)
+            g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', rack='S', position=2, item_id='no3', volume_m3=1e-5)
+            res = g.run([g.wash_cup(), dict(rack='S', position=1, type='nitrite_check'), dict(rack='S', position=2, type='nitrate_check'), g.wash_cup()])
+            return g.h.last_run['calibration'] if g.h.last_run.get('calibration') else None, g, res
+        _, g, _ = eff()
+        e0 = g.h._corrected(g.h.last_run)['ch1']['peaks']
+        r0 = e0[2] / e0[1]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r0, 0.99, delta=0.04)
+        self.assertNotIn('CADMIUM_EFFICIENCY_LOW', g.read('warnings.active'))
+
+        def air(g):
+            g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='cadmium_air', active=True, channel='ch1')
+            g.step(300.0)
+        _, g2, _ = eff(air)
+        e1 = g2.h._corrected(g2.h.last_run)['ch1']['peaks']
+        self.assertLess(e1[2] / e1[1], 0.8)
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'cadmium.activate', expect='REAGENTS_FLOWING', channel='ch1')
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'valve.set', channel='ch1', position='wash')
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'cadmium.activate', channel='ch1')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g2.h.ch['ch1']['cd_eff'], 0.99, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertNotIn('cadmium_air:ch1', g2.read('truth.faults'))
+
+    def test_cadmium_efficiency_low_warning_from_results(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=13)
+        g.ready()
+        g.h.ch['ch1']['cd_eff'] = 0.6                                  # an exhausted coil (test set-up)
+        for sid, kit in (('no2', 'nitrite_stock'), ('no3', 'nitrate_stock')):
+            g.call(g.A, 'standard.prepare', standard_id=sid, volume_m3=1e-4, components=[dict(source_id=kit, volume_m3=2e-7)])
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', rack='S', position=1, item_id='no2', volume_m3=1e-5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', rack='S', position=2, item_id='no3', volume_m3=1e-5)
+        res = g.run([g.wash_cup(), dict(rack='S', position=1, type='nitrite_check'), dict(rack='S', position=2, type='nitrate_check'), g.wash_cup()])
+        self.assertIn('CADMIUM_EFFICIENCY_LOW', g.read('warnings.active'))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(res)
+
+    def test_chlorine_poisons_cadmium(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=14)
+        g.ready()
+        s = g.sample('cl', 1, nitrate_n=0.001, chlorine=0.05)
+        e0 = g.h.ch['ch1']['cd_eff']
+        g.run([g.wash_cup(), s, g.wash_cup()])
+        self.assertLess(g.h.ch['ch1']['cd_eff'], e0 - 0.02)
+
+    def test_phosphate_interferences_arsenate_and_iron(self):
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=15)
+        s0 = g.sample('p', 1, phosphate_p=0.002)
+        s1 = g.sample('pas', 2, phosphate_p=0.002, arsenate_as=0.004)
+        s2 = g.sample('pfe', 3, phosphate_p=0.002, iron=0.02)
+        s3 = g.sample('psal', 4, phosphate_p=0.002, salinity=35.0)
+        res = g.run([g.wash_cup()] + cal + [s0, s1, s2, s3, g.wash_cup()])
+        p0, p1, p2, p3 = (g.conc(res, 8 + i, 'ch3')['concentration_kg_m3'] for i in range(4))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p0 / 0.002, 1.0, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual((p1 - p0) / (0.004 / rt.MW['As'] * rt.MW['P']), 1.0, delta=0.1)       # equimolar arsenate response
+        self.assertLess(p2, 0.8 * p0)
+        self.assertGreater(p3, p0 + 0.00003)                                                          # refractive-index blank adds
+
+    def test_bath_temperature_controls_colour(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=16)
+        g.ready()
+        hot = g.h.ch['ch2']['phi']
+        g.call(g.A, 'bath.set', channel='ch2', temperature_k=None)
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.h.ch['ch2']['bath_T'], 296.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.h.ch['ch2']['phi'], hot * 0.9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bath.set', channel='ch2', temperature_k=310.15)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='bath_failure', active=True, channel='ch2')
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('baths.temperature_k')['ch2'], 314.0)
+
+    def test_led_wavelength_and_flowcell_path(self):
+        def peak(setup):
+            g = Rig(seed=17)
+            g.kits()
+            g.reagents()
+            g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+            setup(g)
+            g.call(g.A, 'system.startup')
+            for _ in range(60):
+                g.step(60.0)
+                if g.read('system.state') == 'ready':
+                    break
+            cal = g.standards(levels=[0.0, 0.25])
+            g.call(g.A, 'sampler.move', target='position', rack='S', position=2, probe_down=True)
+            base = g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch3']
+            g.step(300.0)
+            return g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch3'] - base
+
+        def swap(wl=None, cell=None):
+            def f(g):
+                g.call(g.A, 'cover.set', channel='ch3', open=True)
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('cover.ch3_angle_rad'), 1.3)
+                g.call(g.A, 'lamp.set', expect='COVER_OPEN', channel='ch3', on=True)
+                if wl:
+                    g.call(g.A, 'led.install', channel='ch3', wavelength_m=wl)
+                if cell:
+                    g.call(g.A, 'flowcell.install', channel='ch3', path_m=cell)
+                g.call(g.A, 'cover.set', channel='ch3', open=False)
+            return f
+        ref = peak(lambda g: None)
+        wrong = peak(swap(wl=540e-9))
+        long = peak(swap(cell=0.030))
+        self.assertLess(wrong, 0.1 * ref)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(long / ref, 3.0, delta=0.15)
+
+    def test_pumptube_change_method_and_configure(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=18)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.lid_set', open=True)
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'pumptube.install', channel='ch1', method_id='MT508_A047_nitrite')
+        self.assertGreater(out['sample_fraction'], 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'channel.configure', channel='ch1', method_id='MT508_A047_nitrite')
+        st = g.read('channels.status')['ch1']
+        self.assertEqual((st['chemistry'], st['seal_method']), ('nitrite', 'A047'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['range_kg_m3'][1], 0.0008)
+        self.assertEqual(st['result_basis'], 'N')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('channels.status')['ch4']['range_basis'], 'SiO2')
+        g.call(g.A, 'platen.set', expect='PUMP_LID_OPEN', engaged=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.set', expect='PUMP_LID_OPEN', running=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.lid_set', open=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platen.set', engaged=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.set', running=True, speed='normal')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flowcell.install', expect='COVER_CLOSED', channel='ch2', path_m=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cover.set', channel='ch2', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flowcell.install', expect='PUMP_RUNNING', channel='ch2', path_m=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.set', running=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'flowcell.install', channel='ch2', path_m=0.05)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lamp.set', channel='ch2', on=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cover.set', channel='ch2', open=False)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('cover.ch2_angle_rad'), 0.0)
+
+    def test_faults_reagent_empty_leak_probe_led(self):
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=19)
+        a0 = g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch2']
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='reagent_empty', active=True, channel='ch2')
+        g.step(400.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch2'], a0 - 0.02)            # reagent blank disappears
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='reagent_empty', active=False, channel='ch2')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='led_failure', active=True, channel='ch4')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch4'])
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='led_failure', active=False, channel='ch4')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='probe_blocked', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.move', target='position', rack='S', position=6, probe_down=True)
+        b0 = g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch3']
+        g.step(300.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(g.read('detector.absorbance')['ch3'] - b0), 0.03)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='probe_blocked', active=False)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='leak', active=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIn('LEAK', g.read('warnings.active'))
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('pump.running'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.rotor_velocity_rad_s'), 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'pump.set', expect='LEAK_DETECTED', running=True)
+
+    def test_reagent_consumption_and_low_warning(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=20)
+        g.kits()
+        g.reagents(volume=5e-6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'system.startup')
+        g.step(1500.0)
+        lv = g.read('reagents.levels_m3')['ch1']
+        self.assertTrue(any(v < 1e-6 for v in lv.values()))
+        self.assertIn('REAGENT_LOW_ch1', g.read('warnings.active'))
+        led = g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['reagent_used_m3'], 5e-6 * sum(len(ch['reagents']) for ch in g.h.ch.values()) - sum(sum(v.values()) for v in g.read('reagents.levels_m3').values()),
+                               delta=1e-12)
+
+    def test_power_cut_during_run_keeps_completed_cups(self):
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=21)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', cups=[g.wash_cup()] + cal, sample_s=60.0, wash_s=30.0)
+        while g.read('run.status')['completed'] < 3:
+            g.step(30.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.press_switch')
+        r = g.read('run.status')
+        self.assertEqual(r['state'], 'stopped')
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(r['completed'], 3)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('system.state'), 'off')
+        res = g.call(g.A, 'data.results')
+        self.assertEqual(res['state'], 'stopped')
+        self.assertEqual(len({x['cup'] for x in res['results']}), r['completed'])            # R1-03: completed cups keep their results
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('pump.running'))                                          # R1-04: the pump motor stops with the power
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.press_switch')
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('lamp.power'))
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('pump.running'))
+
+    def test_run_stop_and_raw_trace_bubbles(self):
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=22)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', cups=[g.wash_cup()] + cal, sample_s=60.0, wash_s=30.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.move', expect='RUN_ACTIVE', target='home')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.unload', expect='RUN_ACTIVE', rack='S', position=6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'system.startup', expect='BUSY')
+        g.step(600.0)
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'run.stop')
+        self.assertEqual(out['state'], 'stopped')
+        deb = g.call(g.A, 'data.read_trace', channel='ch3', kind='debubbled', max_points=500)
+        raw = g.call(g.A, 'data.read_trace', channel='ch3', kind='raw', max_points=500)
+        self.assertEqual(len(deb['time_s']), 500)
+        spikes = sum(1 for a, b in zip(deb['absorbance'], raw['absorbance']) if b - a > 0.5)
+        self.assertGreater(spikes, 20)
+        self.assertLess(max(deb['absorbance']), 1.0)
+
+    def test_led_warmup_drift_settles(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=23)
+        g.kits()
+        g.reagents()
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'system.startup')
+        g.step(10.0)
+        early = g.h.ch['ch1']['A_meas'] - g.h.ch['ch1']['A_true']
+        g.step(1800.0)
+        late = g.h.ch['ch1']['A_meas'] - g.h.ch['ch1']['A_true'] - g.h.ch['ch1']['drift']
+        self.assertGreater(early, 5e-4)
+        self.assertLess(abs(late), 1e-3)
+
+    def test_events_provenance_ledger(self):
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=24)
+        res = g.run([g.wash_cup()] + cal[:2] + [g.wash_cup()], sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0)
+        codes = [e['code'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        for c in ('POWER_ON', 'STARTUP', 'REAGENTS_ON', 'READY', 'RUN_START', 'RUN_COMPLETED'):
+            self.assertIn(c, codes)
+        prov = g.call(g.A, 'provenance.read')
+        self.assertEqual({x['name'] for x in prov['libraries']}, {'methods', 'substances', 'instrument'})
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(prov['methods']), 70)
+        led = g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        self.assertGreater(led['waste_m3'], led['sample_used_m3'] + led['reagent_used_m3'] - 1e-12)
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'sampler.unload', rack='S', position=1)
+        self.assertGreater(out['removed_m3'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(res['run_id'], 'run001')
+
+
+class ReviewRound1(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_mains_drop_during_run_declared_effects(self):                    # R1-02
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=31)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', cups=[g.wash_cup()] + cal[:2], sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0)
+        g.step(30.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', room_k=295.15, mains_voltage_v=150.0, noise_seed=31)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('run.status')['state'], 'stopped')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('pump.rotor_velocity_rad_s'), 0.0)
+
+    def test_run_stop_sets_cadmium_warning_declared(self):                    # R1-07
+        g = Rig(seed=32)
+        g.ready()
+        g.h.ch['ch1']['cd_eff'] = 0.6
+        for sid, kit in (('no2', 'nitrite_stock'), ('no3', 'nitrate_stock')):
+            g.call(g.A, 'standard.prepare', standard_id=sid, volume_m3=1e-4, components=[dict(source_id=kit, volume_m3=2e-7)])
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', rack='S', position=1, item_id='no2', volume_m3=1e-5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.load', rack='S', position=2, item_id='no3', volume_m3=1e-5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', cups=[g.wash_cup(), dict(rack='S', position=1, type='nitrite_check'), dict(rack='S', position=2, type='nitrate_check'), g.wash_cup()],
+               sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0)
+        while g.read('run.status')['completed'] < 3:
+            g.step(30.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.stop')
+        self.assertIn('CADMIUM_EFFICIENCY_LOW', g.read('warnings.active'))
+
+    def test_detector_saturates_and_flags(self):                              # R1-13
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=33)
+        s = g.sample('conc', 1, nitrate_n=0.5, ammonium_n=0.5, phosphate_p=0.5, silicate_si=0.5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.move', target='position', rack='A', position=1, probe_down=True)
+        g.step(300.0)
+        self.assertTrue(all(v <= rt.ENG['detector_full_scale_au'] + 1e-12 for v in g.read('detector.absorbance').values()))
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.move', target='home')
+        g.step(200.0)
+        res = g.run([g.wash_cup()] + cal + [s, g.wash_cup()])
+        row = g.conc(res, 8, 'ch1')
+        self.assertIn('DETECTOR_SATURATED', row['flags'])
+        self.assertIsNone(row['concentration_kg_m3'])
+
+    def test_missing_tube_and_short_sample_flags(self):                       # R1-05
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=34)
+        s1 = g.sample('a', 1, phosphate_p=0.002)
+        s2 = g.sample('b', 2, volume=4e-7, phosphate_p=0.002)                  # 0.4 ml: the 0.7 ml/min sample lines run it dry during a 60 s sample
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', cups=[g.wash_cup()] + cal + [s1, s2, dict(rack='B', position=5, type='sample'), g.wash_cup()], expect='POSITION_EMPTY',
+               sample_s=60.0, wash_s=30.0)
+        res = g.run([g.wash_cup()] + cal + [s1, s2, g.wash_cup()])
+        self.assertIn('SAMPLE_SHORT', g.conc(res, 9, 'ch3')['flags'])
+        g2, cal2 = ready_rig(seed=35)
+        s = g2.sample('a', 1, phosphate_p=0.002)
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'run.start', cups=[g2.wash_cup()] + cal2 + [s, g2.wash_cup()], sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0)
+        g2.call(g2.A, 'sampler.unload', expect='RUN_ACTIVE', rack='A', position=1)
+        g2.h.racks.pop(('A', 1))                                                 # a tube taken away by hand (test set-up)
+        while g2.read('run.status')['state'] in ('running', 'draining'):
+            g2.step(60.0)
+        self.assertIn('NO_TUBE', g2.conc(g2.call(g2.A, 'data.results'), 8, 'ch3')['flags'])
+
+    def test_liquid_ledger_closes_with_probe_up(self):                         # R1-06
+        g = Rig(seed=36)
+        g.ready()
+        led0 = g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        g.call(g.A, 'sampler.move', target='home')
+        g.step(600.0)
+        led1 = g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        d = {k: led1[k] - led0[k] for k in led0}
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(d['waste_m3'], d['wash_used_m3'] + d['reagent_used_m3'] + d['sample_used_m3'], delta=1e-10)
+
+    def test_epa366_cycle_is_60_per_hour(self):                                # R1-10
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=37)
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'run.start', cups=[g.wash_cup()], sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['throughput_per_s'] * 3600.0, 60.0, places=9)
+        t0 = g.h.t
+        while g.read('run.status')['state'] in ('running', 'draining'):
+            g.step(0.5)
+        cups = g.h.last_run['cups']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(cups[0]['t_end'] - cups[0]['t_start'], 40.0, places=6)
+
+
+class ReviewRound2(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_clipped_calibrant_excluded_and_flagged(self):                     # R2-06
+        g = Rig(seed=41)
+        g.ready()
+        tops = dict(TOPS, nitrate_stock=0.016)                                  # 0 / 3.2 / ... / 16 mg N/l: the top calibrants clip at full scale
+        cal = g.standards(tops=tops, levels=[0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0])
+        s = g.sample('mid', 1, nitrate_n=0.006)
+        res = g.run([g.wash_cup()] + cal + [s, g.wash_cup()], sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0)
+        flagged = [r for r in res['results'] if r['type'] == 'calibrant' and r['channel'] == 'ch1' and 'DETECTOR_SATURATED' in r['flags']]
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(flagged), 1)
+        self.assertLess(res['calibration']['ch1']['max_conc'], 0.0159)
+        row = g.conc(res, 7, 'ch1')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(row['concentration_kg_m3'] / (0.006 * 0.99), 1.0, delta=0.06)
+
+    def test_no_tube_row_has_no_concentration(self):                           # R2-07
+        g, cal = ready_rig(seed=42)
+        s = g.sample('a', 1, phosphate_p=0.002)
+        g.call(g.A, 'run.start', cups=[g.wash_cup()] + cal + [s, g.wash_cup()], sample_s=40.0, wash_s=20.0)
+        g.h.racks.pop(('A', 1))
+        while g.read('run.status')['state'] in ('running', 'draining'):
+            g.step(60.0)
+        row = g.conc(g.call(g.A, 'data.results'), 8, 'ch3')
+        self.assertIn('NO_TUBE', row['flags'])
+        self.assertIsNone(row['concentration_kg_m3'])
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_shimadzu_ags10knxd.py b/tests/test_asset_shimadzu_ags10knxd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..097d476e1173b0e83977688312d9c05024608fdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_shimadzu_ags10knxd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+"""Observed-process / independent physical / protocol tests for CHEM-144 only."""
+import copy,hashlib,json,math,sys,unittest,subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT))
+from scripts.asset_runtime.shimadzu_ags10knxd import *
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE={};CHECKS=[]
+def call(h,k,**a):
+    before=h.read('debug');v=h.invoke(k,**a);validate(CAPS[k]['output_schema'],v);after=h.read('debug')
+    delta={s for s in after if before[s]!=after[s]};declared=set(CAPS[k]['effects'])
+    if not delta<=declared:raise AssertionError(f'{k}: undeclared immediate effects {delta-declared}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(k,[]).append(dict(time_s=h.time_s,phase=h.phase,result_keys=list(v),actual_call=True));return v
+
+def ready(instance='test',plant=None,sample=None,fixture=None,close=True):
+    h=ShimadzuAgs10knxdRuntime(instance)
+    call(h,'plant.configure',**dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})));call(h,'fixture.configure',**dict(FIXTURE_EXAMPLE,**(fixture or {})));call(h,'sample.load',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));call(h,'power.set',enabled=True)
+    if close:
+        for side in ['upper','lower']:call(h,'grip.set_closed',which=side,closed=True)
+    h.step(.61);call(h,'force.zero');return h
+
+def start(h,**method):call(h,'method.configure',**dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE,**method));return call(h,'acquisition.start')
+def analysis(h,**args):return call(h,'analysis.tensile',**dict(CAPS['analysis.tensile']['example_arguments'],rows=h.rows,**args))
+class AGSTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def check(self,condition,key):
+        self.assertTrue(condition,key);CHECKS.append(dict(check_id=key,status='passed'))
+    def reject(self,h,k,code=None,**a):
+        before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as ctx:h.invoke(k,**a)
+        if code:self.assertEqual(str(ctx.exception),code)
+        self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__)
+    def balanced(self,h,tol=1e-8):
+        b=call(h,'ledger.read');self.check(abs(b['energy_residual_j'])<tol,'energy_balance');self.check(abs(b['mass_residual_kg'])<1e-15,'mass_balance');self.check(abs(b['volume_residual_m3'])<1e-18,'volume_balance');return b
+    def test01_official_units_and_limits(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(MIN_SPEED_M_S*60000,.001);self.assertAlmostEqual(MAX_SPEED_M_S*60000,1000);self.assertEqual((LOAD_CELL_MAX_N,FIXTURE_MAX_N,POSITION_RESOLUTION_M),(10000,5000,1e-6));self.check(True,'official_SI_conversions')
+    def test02_setting_has_no_time_or_motion(self):
+        h=ready();t=h.time_s;call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=.00001,speed_m_s=.0001);self.assertEqual(h.time_s,t);self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['crosshead.position_m'],0);h.step(.05);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['crosshead.position_m'],.000005);self.check(True,'finite_motion_target_only')
+    def test03_series_compliance(self):
+        h=ready();x=.00002;call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=x,speed_m_s=.0001);h.step(.3);expected=x/(.025/(2e-6*h.E)+1e-8);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.force,expected,places=9);r=h.read('evaluator');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['crosshead.position_m']-r['frame.deflection_m'],r['sample.visual_extension_m']);self.assertGreater(x/.025,h._strain());self.balanced(h)
+    def test04_elastic_actuator_work(self):
+        h=ready();call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=.00002,speed_m_s=.0001);h.step(.3);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['actuator_work_j'],.5*h.force*.00002,places=11);self.assertEqual(h.plastic,0.);self.check(True,'independent_elastic_work')
+    def test05_plastic_return_mapping(self):
+        h=ready();x=.0005;call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=x,speed_m_s=.001);h.step(.5);C=.025/(2e-6*h.E)+1e-8;ep=(x-C*2e-6*h.Y)/(.025+C*2e-6*1e9);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.plastic,ep,places=13);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.force/2e-6,h.Y+1e9*ep,places=4);self.balanced(h)
+    def test06_unload_retains_plastic(self):
+        h=ready();call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=.0005,speed_m_s=.001);h.step(.5);ep=h.plastic;call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=.025*ep,speed_m_s=.001);h.step(.2);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.force,0,places=7);self.assertEqual(h.plastic,ep);self.assertGreater(h.ledger()['hardening_stored_j'],0);self.reject(h,'crosshead.move_to','COMPRESSION_OR_SLACK_UNSUPPORTED',position_m=0.,speed_m_s=.001);self.balanced(h)
+    def test07_independent_work_trapezoid(self):
+        h=ready();target=.0008;call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=target,speed_m_s=.001);history=[(0.,0.)]
+        for _ in range(800):h.step(.001);history.append((h._pos('crosshead'),h.force))
+        work=float(np.trapezoid(np.array(history)[:,1],np.array(history)[:,0]));self.assertAlmostEqual(work,h.ledger()['actuator_work_j'],delta=5e-6);self.check(True,'external_force_displacement_integral')
+    def test08_fracture_irreversible_energy(self):
+        h=ready();start(h);h.step(4);self.assertTrue(h.broken);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'succeeded');self.assertEqual(h.terminal_reason,'fracture');r=h.read('evaluator');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['sample.visual_extension_m']+r['sample.fracture_gap_m'],r['crosshead.position_m']);b=self.balanced(h);self.assertGreater(b['fracture_heat_j'],0);self.assertGreater(b['fracture_surface_j'],0);self.assertGreater(b['machine_damping_export_j'],0);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start','SAMPLE_BROKEN')
+    def test09_fixed_1000hz_duration(self):
+        h=ready();start(h,duration_s=.1);h.step(.15);self.assertEqual(len(h.rows),101);times=np.array([r['time_s'] for r in h.rows]);self.assertTrue(np.allclose(np.diff(times),.001,atol=1e-15));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.elapsed,.1);frozen=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.assertEqual(frozen['rows'],h.rows);self.check(True,'actual_1000Hz_grid')
+    def test10_fracture_event_rows(self):
+        h=ready();start(h);h.step(3);events=[r for r in h.rows if r['kind']!='sample'];self.assertEqual([r['kind'] for r in events],['fracture_pre','fracture_post']);self.assertEqual(events[0]['time_s'],events[1]['time_s']);self.assertFalse(events[0]['broken']);self.assertTrue(events[1]['broken']);self.assertIsNotNone(events[0]['extensometer_extension_m']);self.assertIsNone(events[1]['extensometer_extension_m']);self.check(True,'fracture_event_observations')
+    def test11_step_partition_60hz(self):
+        a=ready();b=ready();start(a);start(b);a.step(3.)
+        for _ in range(180):b.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.temperature,b.temperature,places=9);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.ledger()['actuator_work_j'],b.ledger()['actuator_work_j'],places=10);self.check(True,'60Hz_fractional_ns_partition')
+    def test12_manual_yield_partition(self):
+        a=ready();b=ready()
+        for h in [a,b]:call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=.0008,speed_m_s=.001)
+        a.step(.8)
+        for _ in range(137):b.step(.8/137)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.plastic,b.plastic,places=12);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.temperature,b.temperature,places=8);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.sensor_force,b.sensor_force,places=7);self.balanced(a);self.balanced(b)
+    def test13_read_poll_no_time(self):
+        h=ready();h.register_principal('a','agent');s=h.session('a');res=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='method.configure',arguments=METHOD_EXAMPLE,request_id='m');self.assertEqual(res['status'],'succeeded');r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s');before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        for _ in range(20):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);s.poll(r['operation_id'])
+        self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__);self.check(True,'read_poll_are_pure')
+    def test14_cancel_preserves_plastic(self):
+        h=ready();start(h);h.step(.8);ep=h.plastic;work=h.ledger()['actuator_work_j'];call(h,'acquisition.stop');rows=copy.deepcopy(h.rows);x=h._pos('crosshead');h.step(.5);self.assertEqual(h.plastic,ep);self.assertEqual(h.rows,rows);self.assertEqual(h._pos('crosshead'),x);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['actuator_work_j'],work);self.assertGreater(h.force,0);self.balanced(h)
+    def test15_power_off_retains_static_load(self):
+        h=ready();start(h);h.step(.8);F=h.force;ep=h.plastic;call(h,'power.set',enabled=False);h.step(.3);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.force,F);self.assertEqual(h.plastic,ep);self.assertIsNone(h.read('evaluator')['force.indicated_n']);self.assertIsNone(h.read('evaluator')['crosshead.indicated_m']);self.assertTrue(h.read('evaluator')['fixture.extensometer_enabled']);self.balanced(h)
+    def test16_emergency_release_does_not_resume(self):
+        h=ready();start(h);h.step(.3);call(h,'emergency.engage');x=h._pos('crosshead');h.step(.2);self.assertEqual(h._pos('crosshead'),x);self.reject(h,'crosshead.move_to','EMERGENCY_ENGAGED',position_m=.001,speed_m_s=.001);call(h,'emergency.reset');h.step(.1);self.assertEqual(h._pos('crosshead'),x);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');self.balanced(h)
+    def test17_fixture_5000_separate_sensor10000(self):
+        h=ready(sample=dict(host_elastic_modulus_pa=2e11,host_yield_strength_pa=5e9,engineering_strain_at_break=.2));start(h,target_crosshead_m=.01,speed_m_s=.001);h.step(2);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.terminal_reason,'FIXTURE_FORCE_LIMIT');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.force,5000,delta=.01);self.assertLess(h.force,LOAD_CELL_MAX_N);self.balanced(h)
+    def test18_method_force_stop(self):
+        h=ready();start(h,force_stop_n=300.);h.step(1);self.assertEqual(h.terminal_reason,'METHOD_FORCE_STOP');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.force,300.,delta=.01);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start','METHOD_FORCE_STOP');self.balanced(h)
+    def test19_control_rate_and_software_guards(self):
+        h=ready();self.reject(h,'method.configure','AUTOMATIC_CONTROL_MAX_100HZ',**dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE,mode='force'));h=ready(fixture=dict(software_trapezium_x=False));self.reject(h,'method.configure','SOFTWARE_OPTION_REQUIRED',**METHOD_EXAMPLE);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE,sample_rate_hz=10));self.check(True,'software_and_100Hz_control_guards')
+    def test20_force_control_observed_feedback(self):
+        h=ready(plant=dict(force_gain=1.,force_offset_n=0.));start(h,mode='force',sample_rate_hz=100,duration_s=2.,target_force_n=400.);h.step(2);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['force.indicated_n'],400.,delta=1.);self.assertEqual(len(h.rows),201);self.balanced(h)
+    def test21_strain_control_extensometer(self):
+        h=ready();start(h,mode='strain',sample_rate_hz=100,duration_s=8.,target_strain=.01);h.step(8);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['extensometer.strain'],.01,delta=.0005);self.balanced(h)
+    def test22_extensometer_not_faked_by_crosshead(self):
+        h=ready(fixture=dict(extensometer_enabled=False));self.assertIsNone(h.read('evaluator')['extensometer.strain']);self.assertFalse(h.read('evaluator')['fixture.extensometer_enabled']);self.reject(h,'method.configure','EXTENSOMETER_REQUIRED',**dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE,mode='strain',sample_rate_hz=100));start(h,duration_s=.1);h.step(.1);a=analysis(h);self.assertIsNone(a['elastic_modulus_pa']);self.assertTrue(all(x['strain'] is None for x in a['points']));a=analysis(h,frame_compliance_prior_m_n=1e-8);self.assertTrue(any(x['strain'] is not None for x in a['points']));self.check(True,'no_extensometer_requires_compliance_prior')
+    def test23_external_analysis_known_curve(self):
+        h=ready();args=copy.deepcopy(CAPS['analysis.tensile']['example_arguments']);r=call(h,'analysis.tensile',**args);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elastic_modulus_pa']/2e11,1.,places=12);self.assertEqual(r['ultimate_observed_stress_pa'],2e8);self.check(True,'external_OLS_modulus')
+    def test24_unknown_area_gauge_not_jointly_inverted(self):
+        h=ready();start(h,duration_s=.1);h.step(.1);a=analysis(h,area_prior_m2=None,gauge_prior_m=None);self.assertIsNone(a['elastic_modulus_pa']);self.assertIsNone(a['ultimate_observed_stress_pa']);self.assertTrue(all(x['strain'] is None and x['stress_pa'] is None for x in a['points']));self.check(True,'independent_geometric_priors_required')
+    def test25_external_fracture_and_modulus(self):
+        h=ready(plant=dict(force_gain=1.,force_offset_n=0.));start(h);h.step(3);a=analysis(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(a['observed_break_strain'],.05,delta=5e-6);self.assertAlmostEqual(a['elastic_modulus_pa']/h.E,1.,delta=.002);self.assertGreater(a['ultimate_observed_stress_pa'],h.Y);self.check(True,'fracture_and_modulus_from_observation')
+    def test26_calibration_external_prior(self):
+        h=ready();x=200*h._compliance();call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=x,speed_m_s=.0001);h.step(.3);gain=call(h,'force.calibrate',reference_force_n=200.)['gain'];self.assertAlmostEqual(gain,1/PLANT_EXAMPLE['force_gain'],places=10);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('evaluator')['force.indicated_n'],200.,places=9);self.reject(h,'force.zero','UNLOAD_REQUIRED');self.check(True,'calibration_actual_detector_external_reference')
+    def test27_force_range_overflow_vs_low_force(self):
+        h=ready(plant=dict(force_gain=100.));start(h,duration_s=.1);h.step(.1);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.terminal_reason,'LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW');self.assertIsNone(h.rows[-1]['force_n']);h=ready();start(h,duration_s=.001);h.step(.001);self.assertIsNotNone(h.rows[0]['force_n']);self.assertEqual(h.rows[0]['quality'],'below_documented_accuracy_range');self.check(True,'low_force_not_illegally_rejected')
+    def test28_loading_sensible_heat(self):
+        h=ready(sample=dict(initial_temperature_k=295.65));m=SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['volume_m3']*SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['density_kg_m3'];self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['sensible_loaded_j'],m*470*3,places=12);self.assertGreater(h.temperature,292.65);self.balanced(h)
+    def test29_remove_fractured_inventory(self):
+        h=ready();start(h);h.step(3)
+        for side in ['upper','lower']:call(h,'grip.set_closed',which=side,closed=False)
+        h.step(.61);removed=call(h,'sample.remove');self.assertAlmostEqual(removed['removed_mass_kg'],.0008635);self.assertFalse(h.read('evaluator')['sample.present']);self.assertGreater(h.ledger()['internal_removed_j'],0);self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['sample.visual_extension_m'],0);self.balanced(h)
+    def test30_remove_under_load_rejected(self):
+        h=ready();call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=.00002,speed_m_s=.0001);h.step(.3);self.reject(h,'grip.set_closed','UNLOAD_REQUIRED',which='upper',closed=False);self.reject(h,'sample.remove','UNLOAD_REQUIRED');self.check(True,'loaded_grip_interlock')
+    def test31_unattached_sample_motion_guard(self):
+        h=ready(close=False);self.reject(h,'crosshead.move_to','GRIPS_NOT_CLOSED',position_m=.001,speed_m_s=.001);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start','CONFIGURATION_REQUIRED');self.check(True,'unattached_visual_kinematic_guard')
+    def test32_invalid_requests_atomic(self):
+        h=ready();self.reject(h,'crosshead.move_to','INVALID_ARGUMENT',position_m=float('nan'),speed_m_s=.001);self.reject(h,'crosshead.move_to','INVALID_ARGUMENT',position_m=.001,speed_m_s=True);self.reject(h,'power.set','INVALID_ARGUMENT',enabled=True,extra=1);self.reject(h,'sample.load','SAMPLE_PRESENT',**SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        for dt in [-1,float('nan'),float('inf'),True]:
+            before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):h.step(dt)
+            self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__)
+        self.check(True,'invalid_inputs_no_effects')
+    def test33_library_real_and_all_templates_usable_explicitly(self):
+        refs=library();self.assertGreaterEqual(len(refs),50);curves=sum(len(v.get('measured_true_stress_strain',[])) for v in refs.values());self.assertGreater(curves,1000)
+        for ident,ref in refs.items():
+            T=ref.get('reference_temperature_K') or 292.65
+            if not 278.15<=T<=313.15:continue
+            h=ready(plant=dict(ambient_k=T),sample=dict(reference_id=ident,initial_temperature_k=T,host_elastic_modulus_pa=None if ref.get('elastic_modulus_Pa') else 1e9,host_yield_strength_pa=None if ref.get('yield_strength_Pa') else 1e7));self.assertGreater(h.E,0);self.assertGreater(h.Y,0)
+        self.check(True,'real_library_missing_properties_explicit_host_completion')
+    def test34_acceptance_and_volume_guards(self):
+        h=ShimadzuAgs10knxdRuntime();self.reject(h,'plant.configure','ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED',**dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE,accept_engineering=False));call(h,'plant.configure',**PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'fixture.configure',**FIXTURE_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'sample.load','ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_bilinear_geometry_temperature_fracture_assumptions=False));self.reject(h,'sample.load','VOLUME_BELOW_GAUGE',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,volume_m3=1e-9));self.check(True,'explicit_material_and_thermal_priors')
+    def test35_temperature_boundary(self):
+        h=ShimadzuAgs10knxdRuntime();call(h,'plant.configure',**PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'fixture.configure',**FIXTURE_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'sample.load','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,initial_temperature_k=310.,temperature_tolerance_k=.1));h=ready(sample=dict(temperature_tolerance_k=.00001));start(h);h.step(.3);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.terminal_reason,'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE');self.balanced(h)
+    def test36_passive_cooling_independent_solution(self):
+        h=ready(sample=dict(initial_temperature_k=295.65));T0=h.temperature;C=.01+.0008635*470;h.step(.7);expected=292.65+(T0-292.65)*math.exp(-.1*.7/C);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.temperature,expected,places=11);self.balanced(h)
+    def test37_multienv_isolation(self):
+        a=ready('a');b=ready('b',sample=dict(host_elastic_modulus_pa=1e10,host_yield_strength_pa=1e8));start(a);start(b);a.step(.2);self.assertEqual(b.elapsed,0.);b.step(.2);self.assertNotEqual(a.rows[-1]['force_n'],b.rows[-1]['force_n']);self.check(True,'independent_instances')
+    def test38_all_roles_result_redaction(self):
+        h=ready();start(h,duration_s=.01);h.step(.01)
+        for role in ['agent','evaluator','debug']:
+            h.register_principal(role,role);s=h.session(role);h._owners[h.operation_id]=role;r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='r');text=json.dumps(r);self.assertNotIn(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id'],text);self.assertNotIn('S355',text);self.assertNotIn('LP1_S1',text);self.assertNotIn(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id'],json.dumps(s.poll(h.operation_id)))
+        self.check(True,'bridge_privileged_session_public_redaction')
+    def test39_provenance_evaluator_and_snapshot(self):
+        h=ready();start(h);h.step(3);h.register_principal('a','agent');h.register_principal('e','evaluator');r=h.session('a').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='provenance.read',arguments={},request_id='x');self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');prior=call(h,'provenance.read')['operation_source']
+        for side in ['upper','lower']:call(h,'grip.set_closed',which=side,closed=False)
+        h.step(.61);call(h,'sample.remove');p=call(h,'provenance.read');self.assertIsNone(p['current_sample']);self.assertEqual(p['operation_source'],prior);self.check(True,'private_source_and_operation_snapshot')
+    def test40_session_identity_truth_and_describe(self):
+        h=ready();h.register_principal('a','agent');s=h.session('a');d=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertNotIn('truth.force_n',d['state_slots']);self.assertNotIn('plant.configure',d['capabilities'])
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.force_n'])
+        r=s.invoke(instance_id='wrong',capability_id='power.set',arguments={'enabled':False},request_id='x');self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE');self.assertTrue(h.power);self.check(True,'session_identity_and_truth_isolation')
+    def test41_idempotence_and_owner_cancel(self):
+        h=ready();call(h,'method.configure',**METHOD_EXAMPLE)
+        for n in ['a','b']:h.register_principal(n,'agent')
+        a=h.session('a');b=h.session('b');r=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start');self.assertEqual(a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start'),r);h.step(.1)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):b.poll(r['operation_id'])
+        c=a.cancel(r['operation_id'],'stop');self.assertEqual(a.cancel(r['operation_id'],'stop'),c);bad=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='power.set',arguments={'enabled':False},request_id='start');self.assertEqual(bad['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');self.check(True,'operation_owner_and_retry')
+    def test42_unsupported_accurate(self):
+        h=ready()
+        for k in UNSUPPORTED:self.reject(h,k,'UNSUPPORTED')
+        self.check(True,'unsupported_negative_only')
+    def test43_contract_schemas_and_bindings(self):
+        meta=export_shimadzu_ags10knxd_contract_metadata();h=ready()
+        schemas=[v[which] for v in CAPS.values() for which in ['input_schema','output_schema']]+[v['schema'] for v in SLOTS.values()]
+        result=subprocess.run([sys.executable,'-c','import sys,json;from jsonschema import Draft202012Validator;[Draft202012Validator.check_schema(s) for s in json.load(sys.stdin)]'],input=json.dumps(schemas),text=True,capture_output=True);self.assertEqual(result.returncode,0,result.stderr)
+        for k,v in CAPS.items():validate(v['input_schema'],v['example_arguments']);self.assertEqual(meta['capabilities'][k]['availability'],'unsupported' if k in UNSUPPORTED else 'implemented')
+        for k,v in h.read('debug').items():validate(SLOTS[k]['schema'],v)
+        self.check(True,'metadata_all_schemas_examples_state_units')
+    def test44_simstep_cap_and_time_scale(self):
+        h=ready();t=h.time_s;r=call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=1/60);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['time_s']-t,1/60,delta=1e-9);before=copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__);h.step(0);self.assertEqual(before,h.__dict__);self.check(True,'sole_clock_fractional_step')
+    def test45_after_break_continue_gap_without_more_work(self):
+        h=ready();start(h,stop_on_break=False,target_crosshead_m=.002,duration_s=5.);h.step(3);self.assertTrue(h.broken);ep=h.plastic;work=h.ledger()['actuator_work_j'];gap=h.read('evaluator')['sample.fracture_gap_m'];h.step(.5);self.assertGreater(h.read('evaluator')['sample.fracture_gap_m'],gap);self.assertEqual(h.plastic,ep);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['actuator_work_j'],work);self.balanced(h)
+    def test46_encoder_quantization_not_accuracy(self):
+        h=ready();call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=1.49e-6,speed_m_s=.0001);h.step(.02);self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['crosshead.indicated_m'],1e-6);self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['crosshead.position_m'],1.49e-6);self.check(True,'display_resolution_not_position_error')
+
+    def test47_fracture_thermal_invalid_is_failed_not_rolled_back(self):
+        h=ready(sample=dict(engineering_strain_at_break=.001,temperature_tolerance_k=.001));start(h);h.step(1)
+        self.assertTrue(h.broken);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.terminal_reason,'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE');self.assertEqual(h.rows[-1]['kind'],'fracture_post');self.assertIsNone(h.rows[-1]['force_n']);self.assertGreater(h.ledger()['fracture_heat_j'],0);self.balanced(h);self.check(True,'fracture_event_invalid_data_fails_preserving_physics')
+    def test48_non_grid_terminal_invalid_observation(self):
+        h=ready(plant=dict(force_gain=100.));start(h,sample_rate_hz=1,duration_s=.05);h.step(.2);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.terminal_reason,'LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.elapsed,.05);self.assertIsNone(h.rows[-1]['force_n']);self.check(True,'terminal_event_invalid_data_fails')
+    def test49_initial_or_feedback_invalid_observation(self):
+        h=ready(plant=dict(force_gain=100.));call(h,'crosshead.move_to',position_m=.00002,speed_m_s=.0001);h.step(.3);call(h,'method.configure',**METHOD_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start','LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW')
+        h=ready(plant=dict(force_gain=100.,force_control_gain_m_per_n_s=.001));start(h,mode='force',sample_rate_hz=1,speed_m_s=.01,target_force_n=4000.,duration_s=.2);h.step(.2);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.terminal_reason,'LOAD_CELL_OVERFLOW');self.check(True,'invalid_force_not_substituted_zero_in_feedback')
+
+    def test50_exact_scene_coordinates_are_privileged(self):
+        h=ready(fixture={'extensometer_enabled':False});start(h);h.step(.2);h.register_principal('a','agent');s=h.session('a')
+        private=['frame.deflection_m','sample.visual_extension_m','sample.fracture_gap_m'];public=s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations'];description=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        for key in private:
+            self.assertNotIn(key,h.read());self.assertNotIn(key,public);self.assertNotIn(key,description['state_slots']);self.assertIn(key,h.read('evaluator'))
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=[key])
+        self.assertIsNone(public['extensometer.extension_m']['value']);self.check(True,'no_extensometer_no_exact_scene_strain_leak')
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_signatone_quadpro2.py b/tests/test_asset_signatone_quadpro2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b9208102c0f8f9b86be7ad06ff1d539f6876d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_signatone_quadpro2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+"""CHEM142 finite-disk physical checks, real mapping/calibration events and protocols."""
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scripts.asset_runtime import signatone_quadpro2 as r
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('quadpro_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');asset_tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+OBSERVED=[]
+class Checked(r.SignatoneQuadpro2Runtime):
+    def invoke(self,k,**a):
+        before=self.read();out=super().invoke(k,**a);after=self.read();changed={x for x in after if after[x]!=before[x]};assert not changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']),(k,changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']));assert not asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']),(k,asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']));OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(out)));return out
+
+def make(plant=None,sample=None,method=None,wafer=None,probe=None,standard=False,map_args=None):
+    h=Checked()
+    for c,a in [('plant.configure',dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {}))),('wafer.configure',dict(r.WAFER_EXAMPLE,**(wafer or {}))),('probe.configure',dict(r.PROBE_EXAMPLE,**(probe or {}))),('standard.load' if standard else 'sample.load',dict(r.STANDARD_EXAMPLE if standard else r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {}))),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('method.configure',dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,require_calibration=False,**(method or {}))),('map.configure',dict(r.MAP_EXAMPLE,**(map_args or {}))),('enclosure.set_open',{'opened':False})]:h.invoke(c,**a)
+    h.step(3.);return h
+
+def finish(h,kind='mapping',reference=100.):
+    h.invoke('calibration.start',reference_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq=reference) if kind=='calibration' else h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(300.);assert h.phase!='running','test finish window too short';return h.invoke('acquisition.result')
+def open_home(h):
+    if h.phase=='running':h.invoke('acquisition.stop')
+    h.invoke('probe.set_contact',contact=False);h.step(2.);h.invoke('stage.move',x_m=0.,y_m=0.);h.step(5.);h.invoke('enclosure.set_open',opened=True);h.step(3.)
+def remove(h):open_home(h);h.invoke('sample.remove')
+def sessions(h):
+    for n,role in [('student','agent'),('teacher','evaluator'),('other','agent')]:h.register_principal(n,role)
+    return h.session('student'),h.session('teacher'),h.session('other')
+def call(s,c,a=None,rid='r1'):return s.invoke(instance_id=s._host.instance_id,capability_id=c,arguments=a or {},request_id=rid)
+def snapshot(h):
+    keys=['plant','wafer','probe','sample','sample_kind','map','accepted','excluded','method','axes','power','power_started_ns','calibration_gain','selected_current','phase','stage','operation_id','operation_kind','rows','auto_trials','records','time_ns','_clock_remainder_ns','revision','_event_ns','_site','_measure_phase','_partial']
+    return json.dumps(dict(state=h.read(),ledger=h._ledger(),x=h.x.tolist(),**{k:getattr(h,k) for k in keys}),sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+def external_rows(Rs,diameter=.1,spacing=.00127,x=0.,y=0.,I=.0001):return [dict(configuration=c,current_a=sign*I,voltage_v=sign*I*Rs*r.disk_transfer_coefficient(diameter,spacing,x,y,c)+3e-5) for c in r.CONFIGURATIONS for sign in [1,-1]]
+
+class QuadproTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def budget(self,h,tol=1e-8):
+        for k,v in h.invoke('ledger.read').items():
+            if 'error' in k:self.assertLess(abs(v),tol,(k,v))
+    def reject(self,h,k,**a):
+        before=snapshot(h)
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.invoke(k,**a)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+    def test_01_xy_targets_move_in_host_time_only(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('stage.move',x_m=.02,y_m=-.01);self.assertEqual(h.axes['x']['position'],0.);h.step(.25);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.axes['x']['position'],.01,12);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.axes['y']['position'],-.01,12);h.step(.25);self.assertEqual(h.axes['x']['position'],.02)
+    def test_02_probe_contact_blocks_xy_until_lifted(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('probe.set_contact',contact=True);h.step(1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.axes['z']['position'],.005);self.reject(h,'stage.move',x_m=.01,y_m=0.);h.step(1.);self.assertEqual(h.axes['z']['position'],0.);self.reject(h,'stage.move',x_m=.01,y_m=0.);h.invoke('probe.set_contact',contact=False);h.step(2.);h.invoke('stage.move',x_m=.01,y_m=0.)
+    def test_03_hood_loading_interlocks_and_finite_motion(self):
+        h=make();self.reject(h,'sample.remove');h.invoke('enclosure.set_open',opened=True);self.assertEqual(h.axes['hood']['position'],0.);h.step(1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.axes['hood']['position'],.5);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');self.reject(h,'sample.remove');h.step(2.);h.invoke('sample.remove');self.budget(h)
+    def test_04_reads_describe_and_zero_dt_are_pure(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);before=snapshot(h)
+        for _ in range(2):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);e.describe(asset_type_id=r.ASSET_TYPE_ID);h.step(0.)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+    def test_05_real_resistivity_library_is_not_real_spatial_map(self):
+        lib=r.library();self.assertGreaterEqual(len(lib),50)
+        for row in lib.values():
+            self.assertEqual(row['evidence'],'measured_literature');self.assertTrue(row['source']);self.assertGreaterEqual(len(row['curves']['resistivity']),2);self.assertTrue(all(p['value_ohm_m']>0 for p in row['curves']['resistivity']))
+        self.assertIsNone(r.reference_rho(lib['starry_40927'],299));self.assertAlmostEqual(r.reference_rho(lib['starry_40927'],300)[0],4.9076758e-4,12)
+    def test_06_center_green_matches_closed_form_and_historical_table(self):
+        for u,tab in [(4,2.9289),(5,3.3625),(7.5,3.9273),(10,4.1716),(15,4.3646),(20,4.4364),(40,4.5076)]:
+            actual=1/r.disk_transfer_coefficient(u*.001,.001,0,0);closed=math.pi/math.log(2*(u*u+3)/(u*u-3));self.assertAlmostEqual(actual,closed,12);self.assertLess(abs(actual-tab),5e-4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(1/r.disk_transfer_coefficient(1e5,.001,0,0),math.pi/math.log(2),12)
+    def test_07_insulating_circle_has_independent_zero_normal_flux(self):
+        R=.05;points=r.probe_points(.03,.005,.00127);a,b=points[0],points[-1];phi=lambda z:-(r.disk_kernel(z,a,R)-r.disk_kernel(z,b,R))/(2*math.pi);delta=R*1e-5
+        for angle in np.linspace(0,2*math.pi,49)[:-1]:
+            unit=complex(math.cos(angle),math.sin(angle));derivative=(phi((R+delta)*unit)-phi((R-delta)*unit))/(2*delta);self.assertLess(abs(R*derivative),2e-9)
+    def test_08_green_reciprocity_for_off_center_contacts(self):
+        R=.05;p=r.probe_points(.031,.013,.00127)
+        def transfer(a,b,c,d):return -(r.disk_kernel(p[c],p[a],R)-r.disk_kernel(p[c],p[b],R)-r.disk_kernel(p[d],p[a],R)+r.disk_kernel(p[d],p[b],R))/(2*math.pi)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(transfer(0,3,1,2),transfer(1,2,0,3),14);self.assertAlmostEqual(transfer(0,2,1,3),transfer(1,3,0,2),14)
+    def test_09_geometry_rotational_and_scale_invariance(self):
+        base=r.disk_transfer_coefficient(.1,.00127,.031,.008)
+        for angle in [.3,1.2,2.7]:
+            z=complex(.031,.008)*complex(math.cos(angle),math.sin(angle));self.assertAlmostEqual(r.disk_transfer_coefficient(.1,.00127,z.real,z.imag,orientation_rad=angle),base,13)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.disk_transfer_coefficient(.2,.00254,.062,.016),base,13)
+    def test_10_external_near_edge_inverse_corrects_bias(self):
+        h=Checked();x=.046;rows=external_rows(250.,x=x);o=h.invoke('analysis.sheet_resistance',**dict(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE,x_m=x,observations=rows));self.assertAlmostEqual(o['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq'],250.,10);naive=(rows[0]['voltage_v']-rows[1]['voltage_v'])/(rows[0]['current_a']-rows[1]['current_a'])*math.pi/math.log(2);self.assertGreater(naive,250.*1.01);self.assertIsNone(h.sample)
+    def test_11_probe_footprint_and_thin_layer_domain_rejected(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):r.disk_transfer_coefficient(.1,.00127,.049,0)
+        h=make();remove(h);self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,conducting_thickness_m=.0005))
+    def test_12_actual_calibration_waits_180_seconds_and_fits_observation(self):
+        h=make(standard=True);h.invoke('calibration.start',reference_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq=100.);h.step(179.9);self.assertIsNone(h.calibration_gain);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'running');h.step(100.);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'succeeded');self.assertGreaterEqual(h.elapsed,180.);self.assertLess(abs(h.calibration_gain-1/1.03),2e-6);self.assertGreater(h._ledger()['source_input_j'],0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_13_calibration_uses_supplied_standard_not_hidden_gain(self):
+        h=make(standard=True);out=finish(h,'calibration',reference=110.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.calibration_gain,110/out['rows'][0]['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq'],14);self.assertGreater(abs(h.calibration_gain-1/1.03),.09)
+    def test_14_replacing_probe_invalidates_calibration(self):
+        h=make(standard=True);finish(h,'calibration');open_home(h);h.invoke('probe.configure',**dict(r.PROBE_EXAMPLE,spacing_m=.001016));self.assertIsNone(h.calibration_gain);h.invoke('map.configure',**r.MAP_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('method.configure',**r.METHOD_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('enclosure.set_open',opened=False);h.step(3.);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start')
+    def test_15_mapping_throughput_is_at_least_1p2s_per_point_plus_motion(self):
+        h=make(method={'auto_current':False});out=finish(h);self.assertEqual(out['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(out['rows']),5);self.assertGreater(out['elapsed_s'],5*1.2);previous=0.
+        for row in out['rows']:self.assertGreaterEqual(row['time_s']-previous,1.2);previous=row['time_s'];self.assertEqual(len(row['observations']),4)
+        self.assertTrue(h._raised());self.budget(h)
+    def test_16_autorange_only_first_site_and_fixed_current_afterward(self):
+        h=make();out=finish(h);self.assertEqual(out['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertGreater(len(out['auto_trials']),1);self.assertLessEqual(len(out['auto_trials']),9);currents={abs(p['current_a']) for row in out['rows'] for p in row['observations']};self.assertEqual(len(currents),1);self.assertAlmostEqual(next(iter(currents)),out['selected_current_a'],12);self.assertTrue(all(x['time_s']<out['rows'][0]['time_s'] for x in out['auto_trials']))
+    def test_17_autorange_changes_with_actual_observation_gain(self):
+        a=make(plant={'voltage_gain':.1},map_args={'points':[dict(x_m=0.,y_m=0.)]});b=make(plant={'voltage_gain':1.},map_args={'points':[dict(x_m=0.,y_m=0.)]});finish(a);finish(b);self.assertGreater(a.selected_current,b.selected_current)
+    def test_18_source_current_programming_uses_2450_resolution(self):
+        h=make(method={'auto_current':False,'fixed_current_a':.000123456});h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.selected_current,.00012345,15)
+    def test_19_compliance_failure_keeps_real_energy(self):
+        h=make(method={'auto_current':False,'fixed_current_a':.001,'voltage_compliance_v':.002});out=finish(h);self.assertEqual(out['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(out['error_code'],'SOURCE_COMPLIANCE');self.assertIsNone(out['rows'][0]['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq']);self.assertGreater(h._ledger()['source_input_j'],0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_20_2450_voltage_current_and_power_envelope(self):
+        h=make();self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,current_max_a=1.,voltage_compliance_v=200.));h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,require_calibration=False,auto_current=False,current_max_a=.1,fixed_current_a=.1,voltage_compliance_v=200.,voltage_range_v=200.));h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(2.3);e=h._electrical();self.assertLessEqual(abs(e['current']),.1);self.assertLessEqual(abs(e['source_voltage']),200+1e-10);self.assertLessEqual(abs(e['current']*e['source_voltage']),20+1e-10);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');self.budget(h)
+    def test_21_low_current_ranges_require_rear_triax(self):
+        h=make(plant={'rear_triax_connected':False});self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,require_calibration=False,current_min_a=1e-6));h.invoke('acquisition.start')
+    def test_22_resistivity_only_with_independent_thickness_prior(self):
+        h=Checked();a=h.invoke('analysis.sheet_resistance',**r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE);b=h.invoke('analysis.sheet_resistance',**dict(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE,thickness_prior_m=2e-6));self.assertIsNone(a['resistivity_ohm_m']);self.assertEqual(a['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq'],b['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq']);self.assertAlmostEqual(b['resistivity_ohm_m'],a['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq']*2e-6,15)
+    def test_23_edge_exclusion_reports_unmeasured_points(self):
+        h=make();out=finish(h);self.assertEqual(len(out['excluded_points']),1);self.assertEqual(out['excluded_points'][0]['reason'],'EDGE_EXCLUSION');self.assertEqual(out['excluded_points'][0]['point_index'],5);self.assertEqual({p['point_index'] for p in out['rows']},set(range(5)));h.invoke('map.configure',**dict(r.MAP_EXAMPLE,points=[dict(x_m=.049,y_m=0.)]));self.reject(h,'acquisition.start')
+    def test_24_14000_custom_points_are_supported_without_fake_completion(self):
+        h=make();points=[dict(x_m=0.,y_m=0.) for _ in range(14000)];out=h.invoke('map.configure',**dict(r.MAP_EXAMPLE,points=points));self.assertEqual(out['accepted_points'],14000);self.reject(h,'map.configure',**dict(r.MAP_EXAMPLE,points=points+[points[0]]));h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(.01);self.assertEqual(h.rows,[]);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'running');h.invoke('acquisition.stop')
+    def test_25_300mm_geometry_has_declared_mechanical_edge_guard(self):
+        h=make(wafer={'diameter_m':.3},map_args={'edge_exclusion_m':.02});self.reject(h,'map.configure',**dict(r.MAP_EXAMPLE,edge_exclusion_m=.019));self.reject(h,'stage.move',x_m=.131,y_m=0.);remove(h);self.reject(h,'wafer.configure',diameter_m=.301,substrate_thickness_m=.0005);h.invoke('wafer.configure',diameter_m=.01,substrate_thickness_m=.0005)
+    def test_26_reference_paper_temperature_and_explicit_assumptions(self):
+        h=make();remove(h);self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,initial_temperature_k=299.));self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_synthetic_map_and_bulk_reference=False));self.reject(h,'standard.load',**dict(r.STANDARD_EXAMPLE,accept_host_standard_not_certified=False))
+    def test_27_mass_volume_sensible_heat_load_and_remove(self):
+        h=make(sample={'initial_temperature_k':305.});expected=math.pi*.05**2*(.0005*2330+1e-6*6000);self.assertAlmostEqual(h._mass(),expected,14);self.assertGreater(h.loaded_sensible,30.);self.budget(h);remove(h);self.assertEqual(h._mass(),0.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.mass_removed,expected,14);self.assertGreater(h.removed_sensible,0.);self.budget(h)
+    def test_28_loaded_wafer_geometry_is_mass_locked(self):
+        h=make();self.reject(h,'wafer.configure',diameter_m=.2,substrate_thickness_m=.0005);mass=h._mass();remove(h);h.invoke('wafer.configure',diameter_m=.2,substrate_thickness_m=.0005);h.invoke('sample.load',**r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);self.assertAlmostEqual(h._mass(),4*mass,12);self.budget(h)
+    def test_29_cancel_retains_completed_points_and_dissipated_heat(self):
+        h=make(method={'auto_current':False});h.invoke('acquisition.start')
+        while len(h.rows)<2:h.step(.2)
+        h.invoke('acquisition.stop');rows=copy.deepcopy(h.rows);energy=h.x[2:5].copy();positions=[h.axes[k]['position'] for k in ['x','y','z']];temp=h.x[0];h.step(10.);self.assertEqual(h.rows,rows);np.testing.assert_array_equal(h.x[2:5],energy);self.assertEqual([h.axes[k]['position'] for k in ['x','y','z']],positions);self.assertLess(h.x[0],temp);self.budget(h)
+    def test_30_poweroff_stops_motion_without_teleport_and_blanks_display(self):
+        h=make(method={'auto_current':False});finish(h);cached=h._last_sheet;h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.step(1.);before=[h.axes[k]['position'] for k in ['x','y','z']];h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);h.step(2.);self.assertEqual([h.axes[k]['position'] for k in ['x','y','z']],before);self.assertEqual(h.read()['measurement.last_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq'],cached);self.assertIsNone(h.read()['display.sheet_resistance_ohm_sq']);self.assertIsNone(h.read()['measured.voltage_v']);self.budget(h)
+    def test_31_sixty_hz_partition_matches_whole_step(self):
+        opts=dict(method={'auto_current':False},map_args={'points':[dict(x_m=0.,y_m=0.)]});a=make(**opts);b=make(**opts)
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('acquisition.start')
+        a.step(6.)
+        for _ in range(360):b.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);np.testing.assert_allclose(a.x,b.x,rtol=1e-8,atol=1e-12);self.budget(a);self.budget(b)
+    def test_32_optional_warmup_requires_full_3600_host_seconds(self):
+        h=make(method={'require_warmup':True});self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(3596.999);self.assertFalse(h.read()['source.warmup_ready']);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(.001);self.assertTrue(h.read()['source.warmup_ready']);h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.invoke('acquisition.stop');h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=True);self.assertEqual(h._warmup(),0.);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start')
+    def test_33_invalid_and_busy_requests_are_atomic(self):
+        h=make()
+        for dt in [True,-1.,float('nan'),float('inf')]:
+            before=snapshot(h)
+            with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.step(dt)
+            self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+        self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,phase_duration_s=.299));self.reject(h,'map.configure',**dict(r.MAP_EXAMPLE,edge_exclusion_m=True));h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.reject(h,'probe.configure',**r.PROBE_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'map.configure',**r.MAP_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'enclosure.set_open',opened=True);self.reject(h,'method.configure',**r.METHOD_EXAMPLE)
+    def test_34_dual_instances_remain_independent(self):
+        a=make();b=make(sample={'reference_id':'starry_36130','gradient_x_fraction':-.1});before=snapshot(b);finish(a);self.assertEqual(snapshot(b),before);finish(b);self.assertNotEqual(a.rows,b.rows)
+    def test_35_identity_and_truth_visibility(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);self.assertNotIn('truth.conducting_thickness_m',a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertIn('truth.conducting_thickness_m',e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertNotIn('sample.load',a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)['capabilities']);self.assertEqual(call(a,'sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.session('unknown')
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.sample_k'])
+    def test_36_calibration_async_owner_idempotence_and_cancel(self):
+        h=make(standard=True);a,e,b=sessions(h);start=call(a,'calibration.start',{'reference_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq':100.});self.assertEqual(start,call(a,'calibration.start',{'reference_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq':100.}));self.assertEqual(call(b,'acquisition.stop')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');h.step(15.);op=start['operation_id'];reply=a.cancel(op,'cancel');self.assertEqual(reply,a.cancel(op,'cancel'));self.assertEqual(a.poll(op)['status'],'cancelled');self.assertIsNone(h.calibration_gain);self.budget(h)
+    def test_37_all_session_roles_redact_selected_material(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);op=call(a,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.step(100.)
+        for payload in [call(a,'acquisition.result',rid='a'),call(e,'acquisition.result',rid='e'),a.poll(op)]:
+            text=json.dumps(payload);self.assertNotIn('starry_40927',text);self.assertNotIn('Cu1.99',text);self.assertNotIn('original_csv',text)
+        self.assertEqual(call(a,'provenance.read',rid='p')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(e,'provenance.read',rid='p')['result']['reference_id'],'starry_40927')
+    def test_38_completed_result_snapshot_survives_sample_and_calibration_change(self):
+        h=make();old=finish(h);remove(h);h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='starry_36130'));h.invoke('calibration.clear');self.assertEqual(h.invoke('acquisition.result'),old)
+    def test_39_all_actual_returns_and_state_changes_match_contract(self):
+        h=make();meta=h.describe()
+        for key,c in meta['capabilities'].items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'],c['input_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,args,result in OBSERVED:self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(result,meta['capabilities'][key]['output_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,value in h.read().items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(value,meta['state_slots'][key]['value_schema']),[],key)
+    def test_40_all_implemented_session_entries_are_executed(self):
+        h=Checked();h.register_principal('eval','evaluator');s=h.session('eval');seen=set();plan=[('plant.configure',r.PLANT_EXAMPLE),('wafer.configure',r.WAFER_EXAMPLE),('probe.configure',r.PROBE_EXAMPLE),('standard.load',r.STANDARD_EXAMPLE),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('enclosure.set_open',{'opened':False}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':3.}),('method.configure',r.METHOD_EXAMPLE),('calibration.start',{'reference_sheet_resistance_ohm_sq':100.}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':220.}),('enclosure.set_open',{'opened':True}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':3.}),('sample.remove',{}),('sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),('stage.move',{'x_m':0.,'y_m':0.}),('enclosure.set_open',{'opened':False}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':3.}),('probe.set_contact',{'contact':True}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':2.}),('probe.set_contact',{'contact':False}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':2.}),('map.configure',r.MAP_EXAMPLE),('acquisition.start',{}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':12.}),('acquisition.stop',{}),('acquisition.result',{}),('analysis.sheet_resistance',r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE),('provenance.read',{}),('ledger.read',{}),('calibration.clear',{}),('power.set',{'enabled':False})]
+        for i,(cap,args) in enumerate(plan):
+            reply=call(s,cap,args,str(i));self.assertIn(reply['status'],('succeeded','accepted'),(cap,reply));self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(reply['result'],r.CAPS[cap]['output_schema']),[],cap);seen.add(cap)
+        self.assertEqual(seen,set(r.CAPS)-set(r.UNSUPPORTED));self.budget(h)
+    def test_41_unsupported_guards_are_not_fake_implementation(self):
+        h=make()
+        for c in r.UNSUPPORTED:self.reject(h,c)
+    def test_42_system_ohm_range_is_not_mislabelled_as_sheet_resistance_range(self):
+        h=Checked();rows=external_rows(1e10,I=1e-12);o=h.invoke('analysis.sheet_resistance',**dict(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE,observations=rows));self.assertAlmostEqual(o['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq']/1e10,1.,12)
+    def test_43_probe_spacings_and_force_are_explicit_si_configuration(self):
+        h=make();open_home(h)
+        for pitch in r.PROBE_SPACINGS:h.invoke('probe.configure',**dict(r.PROBE_EXAMPLE,spacing_m=pitch));self.assertEqual(h.probe['spacing_m'],pitch)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.PROBE_EXAMPLE['force_per_pin_n'],85*.00980665,12);self.reject(h,'probe.configure',**dict(r.PROBE_EXAMPLE,spacing_m=.002))
+    def test_44_statistics_are_computed_only_from_actual_observed_rows(self):
+        h=make(map_args={'thickness_prior_m':None});out=finish(h);values=np.array([x['sheet_resistance_ohm_sq'] for x in out['rows']]);self.assertEqual(out['statistics']['count'],len(values));self.assertAlmostEqual(out['statistics']['mean_ohm_sq'],float(values.mean()),12);self.assertAlmostEqual(out['statistics']['std_ohm_sq'],float(values.std()),12);self.assertTrue(all(x['resistivity_ohm_m'] is None for x in out['rows']))
+    def test_45_fixed_world_probe_implies_negative_stage_coordinates(self):
+        h=make(method={'auto_current':False},map_args={'points':[dict(x_m=.02,y_m=-.01)]});finish(h);self.assertEqual(h.axes['x']['position'],-.02);self.assertEqual(h.axes['y']['position'],.01);self.assertEqual(h.rows[0]['x_m'],.02);self.assertEqual(h.rows[0]['y_m'],-.01)
+    def test_46_inverse_rejects_nonreversed_and_zero_current_data(self):
+        h=Checked();a=copy.deepcopy(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE)
+        for row in a['observations']:row['current_a']=abs(row['current_a'])
+        self.reject(h,'analysis.sheet_resistance',**a);a=copy.deepcopy(r.ANALYSIS_EXAMPLE)
+        for row in a['observations']:row['current_a']=0.
+        self.reject(h,'analysis.sheet_resistance',**a)
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_ta_dma850.py b/tests/test_asset_ta_dma850.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7f63fb490bae0efa5290d361a4b734aba57dc73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_ta_dma850.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+"""CHEM133 measured-observation DMA and finite-resource/protocol regression tests."""
+import copy,hashlib,json,math,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import ta_dma850 as rt
+OBSERVED=[];STATES=[];SCHEMA_REPORT={}
+def state(h):return json.dumps(h.__dict__,sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ before=h.read();r=h.invoke(k,**a);after=h.read();json.dumps(r,allow_nan=False);json.dumps(after,allow_nan=False);OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));STATES.append(after);changed={x for x in before if before[x]!=after[x]}
+ if not changed<=set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects']):raise AssertionError((k,'undeclared state changes',changed-set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects'])))
+ return r
+def step(h,t):h.step(t);STATES.append(h.read());json.dumps(h.read(),allow_nan=False)
+def wait(h,predicate,limit=1000):
+ for _ in range(limit):
+  if predicate():return
+  step(h,.1)
+ raise AssertionError('finite operation failed to finish')
+def setup(sample=None,plant=None,method=None,preload=.05,instance='test_dma'):
+ h=rt.TaDma850Runtime(instance);call(h,'plant.configure',**dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})));call(h,'power.set',enabled=True)
+ for g in ['air','N2']:call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,gas=g,amount_mol=100.))
+ if h.plant['cooler']=='NPC':call(h,'coolant.load',**rt.COOLANT_EXAMPLE)
+ call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True);s=copy.deepcopy(sample or rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);call(h,'drive.move',position_m=s['length_m']-.01);wait(h,lambda:not h.read()['drive.moving']);call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);call(h,'sensor.zero');call(h,'sample.load',**s);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=True);wait(h,lambda:not h.read()['clamp.moving']);call(h,'furnace.set',opened=False);wait(h,lambda:not h.read()['furnace.moving']);call(h,'drive.preload',force_n=preload,ramp_s=2.);wait(h,lambda:not h.read()['drive.moving']);step(h,2.);call(h,'method.configure',**copy.deepcopy(method or rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE));return h
+def run(h):
+ call(h,'acquisition.start');wait(h,lambda:h.phase!='running',int(h.method['timeout_s']/.1)+2);return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+def cleanup(h):
+ if h.phase=='running':call(h,'acquisition.stop')
+ call(h,'thermal.disable');wait(h,lambda:h._cold(),100000);call(h,'drive.unload',ramp_s=2.);wait(h,lambda:h.drive_mode=='hold' and abs(h._force())<1e-4 and abs(h._strain())<=1e-6,100000);call(h,'furnace.set',opened=True);wait(h,lambda:not h.read()['furnace.moving']);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=False);wait(h,lambda:not h.read()['clamp.moving']);call(h,'sample.remove');call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False)
+ for g in ['air','N2']:call(h,'gas.unload',gas=g)
+ if h.coolant_present:call(h,'coolant.unload')
+ call(h,'power.set',enabled=False)
+def engineering(**kwargs):s=copy.deepcopy(rt.ENGINEERING_SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);s.update(kwargs);return s
+def method(f=1.,control='strain',**kw):
+ m=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE);m['blocks'][0].update(frequency_hz=f,control=control,**kw);return m
+class TestDMA850(unittest.TestCase):
+ def rejected(self,h,k,error='.',**a):
+  before=state(h)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,error):h.invoke(k,**a)
+  self.assertEqual(before,state(h))
+ def ledger(self,h):
+  l=call(h,'ledger.read')
+  for k in ['sample_error_kg','coolant_error_kg','mechanical_error_j','coolant_cold_error_j','air_error_mol','n2_error_mol']:self.assertLess(abs(l[k]),1e-8,(k,l[k]))
+  self.assertLess(abs(l['thermal_error_j']),2e-6);return l
+ def test_01_source_raw_and_conservative_domain(self):
+  rid=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['response']['reference_id'];r=rt.library()['substances'][rid];self.assertTrue(r['runtime_usable']);self.assertEqual(len(r['values']['temperature_k']),1634);self.assertLess(min(r['values']['temperature_k']),173.15);self.assertGreater(max(r['values']['temperature_k']),393.15);old=copy.deepcopy(r);E,D=rt.source_pair(r,298.15,1);self.assertGreater(E,0);self.assertGreater(D,0);self.assertEqual(r,old)
+  for T,f in [(172.9,1),(400.,1),(298.15,2)]:
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):rt.source_pair(r,T,f)
+ def test_02_source_anchor_actual_observed_moduli(self):
+  h=setup();r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(r['rows']),1025);a=r['blocks'][0]['analysis'];E,D=rt.source_pair(h.reference,298.15,1);self.assertAlmostEqual(a['storage_modulus_pa']/E,1,delta=.003);self.assertAlmostEqual(a['loss_modulus_pa']/D,1,delta=.003);self.assertAlmostEqual(a['cycles'],3.,places=8);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_03_force_setting_honored_and_tracking_export(self):
+  h=setup(method=method(control='force',force_amplitude_n=.01));r=run(h);a=r['blocks'][0];self.assertAlmostEqual(a['analysis']['force_amplitude_n'],.01,delta=1e-5);self.assertEqual(a['force_target_n'],.01);self.assertAlmostEqual(a['force_tracking_error_n'],a['analysis']['force_amplitude_n']-.01);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_04_high_frequency_internal_sampling_not_host_alias(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(),method=method(200,settle_cycles=20,measure_cycles=10),preload=.2);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(r['rows']),3841);a=r['blocks'][0]['analysis'];z=rt.maxwell_modulus(200,h.E,h.branches);self.assertAlmostEqual(a['storage_modulus_pa']/z.real,1,delta=.006);self.assertAlmostEqual(a['loss_modulus_pa']/z.imag,1,delta=.15);self.assertLess(max(np.diff([x['time_s'] for x in r['rows']])),.00004);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_05_low_frequency_full_integer_cycles(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(),method=method(.001,settle_cycles=1,measure_cycles=2),preload=.2);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,3000.1);r=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],3000.,places=6);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['blocks'][0]['analysis']['cycles'],2.,places=7);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_06_exact_branch_relaxation_and_work(self):
+  b=[dict(modulus_pa=2e8,relaxation_s=.2)];r=rt.maxwell_step(.001,.001,[1e5],1e8,b,.3,1e-8);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['stress_pa'][0],1e5*math.exp(-1.5));self.assertGreater(r['dissipated_j'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['work_j'],0,places=15)
+ def test_07_stiff_tau_stable_and_passive(self):
+  for tau in [1e-8,1e-4,.1,1e8]:
+   r=rt.maxwell_step(0,.001,[0.],1e8,[dict(modulus_pa=2e8,relaxation_s=tau)],.01,1e-8);self.assertGreaterEqual(r['dissipated_j'],0);self.assertTrue(math.isfinite(r['work_j']));self.assertAlmostEqual(r['work_j'],r['stored_j']+r['dissipated_j'],places=14)
+ def test_08_mechanical_dissipation_heat_and_recovery(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(),preload=.2);run(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertGreater(l['dissipated_j'],0);self.assertGreater(l['mechanical_input_j'],l['elastic_stored_j']);cleanup(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertGreater(l['mechanical_recovered_j'],0);self.assertEqual(l['sample_loaded_kg'],l['sample_recovered_kg'])
+ def test_09_cancel_retains_stress_and_freezes_history(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(),preload=.2);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.3);q=h.stress.copy();u=h._elastic();x=h.drive;call(h,'acquisition.stop');r=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.assertEqual(h.stress,q);self.assertEqual(h.drive,x);self.assertEqual(h._elastic(),u);step(h,2);self.assertEqual(r,call(h,'acquisition.result'));self.assertNotEqual(h.stress,q);self.assertGreater(h._elastic(),0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_10_unilateral_release_no_compressive_clipping(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(),preload=.2);call(h,'drive.unload',ramp_s=.01);forces=[]
+  for _ in range(100):step(h,.1);forces.append(h._force())
+  self.assertGreaterEqual(min(forces),-1e-10);self.assertLess(abs(h._strain()),1e-6);self.assertGreater(h.mechanical_recovered,0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_11_preload_required_and_tension_limit_atomic(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'drive.unload',ramp_s=2);wait(h,lambda:h.drive_mode=='hold');self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','NO_PRELOAD');self.rejected(h,'drive.preload','LINEAR_FORCE_DOMAIN',force_n=18.,ramp_s=2.);call(h,'drive.preload',force_n=.001,ramp_s=1.);wait(h,lambda:h.drive_mode=='hold');call(h,'method.configure',**method(control='force',force_amplitude_n=.01));self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','TENSION_FORCE_DOMAIN')
+ def test_12_geometry_length_matches_actual_jaw_gap(self):
+  s=engineering(length_m=.015);h=setup(sample=s,preload=.2);self.assertAlmostEqual(h._base(),.005);self.assertGreater(h.read()['drive.displacement_m'],.005);cleanup(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.drive,.005,delta=1e-8);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_13_fiber_area_different_from_film(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(form='fiber',diameter_m=.0008),preload=.05);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertAlmostEqual(h._area(),math.pi*.0008**2/4);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_14_query_no_clock_revision_or_owner_mutation(self):
+  h=setup();before=state(h);h.read();h.describe();call(h,'reference.query',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['response']['reference_id']);call(h,'acquisition.result');call(h,'ledger.read');self.assertEqual(state(h),before)
+ def test_15_temperature_target_not_instant_truth(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(),preload=.2);call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=303.15,rate_k_s=10/60);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.furnace,298.15,places=5);step(h,3);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.target,298.65,places=7);self.assertLess(h.furnace,h.target);self.assertLess(h.sample_temperature,h.furnace);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);self.assertFalse(h.thermal_enabled);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_16_no_cooler_below_ambient_and_rate_guards(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','COOLER_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',temperature_k=273.15,rate_k_s=.1);self.rejected(h,'method.configure','INVALID_ARGUMENT',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,heating_rate_k_s=.5));self.rejected(h,'method.configure','INVALID_ARGUMENT',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,cooling_rate_k_s=.2))
+ def test_17_npc_finite_cooling_enthalpy_and_n2(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(),plant={'cooler':'NPC'},preload=.2);call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=297.15,rate_k_s=10/60);step(h,20);self.assertLess(h.sample_temperature,298.15);self.assertGreater(h.cooling_removed,0);self.assertGreater(h.coolant_used,0);self.assertGreater(h.gas_used['N2'],.2);self.ledger(h);call(h,'thermal.disable');call(h,'coolant.unload');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_18_tiny_coolant_exhaustion_terminal(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(),plant={'cooler':'NPC'},preload=.2);call(h,'coolant.unload');call(h,'coolant.load',amount_kg=1e-12,accept_engineering_latent=True);m=method();m['blocks'][0]['temperature_k']=297.15;call(h,'method.configure',**m);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.1);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'COOLANT_EXHAUSTED');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_19_air_exhaustion_finite_endpoint(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);call(h,'gas.unload',gas='air');call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,amount_mol=1e-9));call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.1);self.assertEqual(h.error,'GAS_EXHAUSTED');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.elapsed,1e-9/(2e-3/60*101325/(rt.R_GAS*298.15)),places=12);self.assertEqual(h.rows[-1]['elapsed_s'],h.elapsed);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_20_extreme_tiny_n2_no_infinite_loop(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);call(h,'gas.unload',gas='N2');call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,gas='N2',amount_mol=1e-18));call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,1);self.assertEqual(h.error,'GAS_EXHAUSTED');self.assertLess(h.elapsed,1e-10);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_21_sensor_gain_bias_changes_measured_modulus(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'force_gain':.8,'displacement_gain':1.1});r=run(h);E,D=rt.source_pair(h.reference,298.15,1);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['blocks'][0]['analysis']['storage_modulus_pa']/E,.8/1.1,delta=.003);self.assertNotEqual(h.read()['force.indicated_n'],h._force());call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,force_gain_correction=1/.8,displacement_gain_correction=1/1.1));r=run(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['blocks'][0]['analysis']['storage_modulus_pa']/E,1,delta=.003)
+ def test_22_force_overrange_returns_unavailable_not_clipped(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'force_gain':100.});call(h,'drive.preload',force_n=.1,ramp_s=2);step(h,3);call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,force_gain_correction=10));self.assertIsNone(h.read()['force.indicated_n']);r=run(h);self.assertIsNone(r['blocks'][0]['analysis']);self.assertIsNotNone(r['blocks'][0]['analysis_error'])
+ def test_23_external_harmonic_analysis_exact_fixture(self):
+  h=rt.TaDma850Runtime();a=rt.CAPS['analysis.modulus']['example_arguments'];r=call(h,'analysis.modulus',**a);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['storage_modulus_pa'],1.25e8,delta=1e-5);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['loss_modulus_pa'],2.5e7,delta=1e-5);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['tan_delta'],.2,places=12)
+ def test_24_bad_harmonic_windows_and_missing_samples(self):
+  h=rt.TaDma850Runtime();a=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.modulus']['example_arguments']);a['time_s'][-1]+=.001;self.rejected(h,'analysis.modulus','HARMONIC_WINDOW',**a);a=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.modulus']['example_arguments']);a['force_n']=a['force_n'][:-1];self.rejected(h,'analysis.modulus','ANALYSIS_DATA',**a)
+ def test_25_negative_observed_loss_preserved(self):
+  h=rt.TaDma850Runtime();a=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.modulus']['example_arguments']);t=np.array(a['time_s']);a['force_n']=(.2+.01*np.sin(2*np.pi*t)-.002*np.cos(2*np.pi*t)).tolist();r=call(h,'analysis.modulus',**a);self.assertLess(r['loss_modulus_pa'],0);self.assertFalse(r['passive_compatible'])
+ def test_26_transition_bracketed_only_and_fixed_frequency(self):
+  h=rt.TaDma850Runtime();a=rt.CAPS['analysis.transition']['example_arguments'];r=call(h,'analysis.transition',**a);self.assertEqual(r['transition_temperature_k'],300.);r=call(h,'analysis.transition',**dict(a,tan_delta=[.3,.2,.1]));self.assertIsNone(r['transition_temperature_k']);self.rejected(h,'analysis.transition','TRANSITION_DATA',**dict(a,frequency_hz=[1.,2.,1.]))
+ def test_27_source_anchor_no_frequency_or_temperature_extrapolation(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'method.configure','SOURCE_ANCHOR_ONLY',**method(2));m=method();m['blocks'][0]['temperature_k']=303.15;self.rejected(h,'method.configure','SOURCE_ANCHOR_ONLY',**m)
+ def test_28_engineering_spectrum_requires_explicit_acceptance(self):
+  h=rt.TaDma850Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);s=engineering();s['response']['accept_engineering_spectrum']=False;self.rejected(h,'sample.load','MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED',**s);s=copy.deepcopy(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);s['response']['accept_condition_transfer']=False;self.rejected(h,'sample.load','CONDITION_TRANSFER',**s)
+ def test_29_atomic_unknown_nan_extra_and_boolean_numeric(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for k,a in [('drive.move',{'position_m':True}),('thermal.set_temperature',{'temperature_k':float('nan'),'rate_k_s':.1}),('power.set',{'enabled':True,'extra':0}),('unknown',{})]:self.rejected(h,k,'.',**a)
+ def test_30_two_instances_fixed_partition_clock(self):
+  a=setup(instance='a');b=setup(instance='b');call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');step(a,.07);step(a,.23);step(b,.3);self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertEqual(a.stress,b.stress);step(a,.1);self.assertNotEqual(a.time_s,b.time_s)
+ def test_31_agent_truth_and_evaluator_parameters_denied(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();d=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertNotIn('plant.configure',d['capabilities']);self.assertNotIn('truth.force_n',d['state_slots']);self.assertNotIn('truth.force_n',s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);before=state(h);r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='sample.remove',arguments={},request_id='deny');self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(before,state(h))
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'ACCESS_DENIED'):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.force_n'])
+ def test_32_owner_poll_result_stop_and_query_cannot_steal(self):
+  h=setup();h.register_principal('other');a=h.session();b=h.session('other');r=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start');op=r['operation_id'];step(h,.2);b.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='reference.query',arguments={'reference_id':rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['response']['reference_id']},request_id='query')
+  for k in ['acquisition.result','acquisition.stop']:self.assertEqual(b.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments={},request_id=k)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'ACCESS_DENIED'):b.poll(op)
+  self.assertEqual(a.poll(op)['status'],'running');self.assertEqual(a.cancel(op,'cancel')['status'],'succeeded')
+ def test_33_idempotent_requests_cancel_and_stale_history(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();args=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s');a=s.invoke(**args);self.assertEqual(a,s.invoke(**args));op=a['operation_id'];step(h,.2);c=s.cancel(op,'c');self.assertEqual(c,s.cancel(op,'c'));frozen=s.poll(op);s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s2');step(h,.1);self.assertEqual(s.poll(op),frozen)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'NOT_RUNNING'):s.cancel(op,'late')
+  self.assertEqual(s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='s')['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+ def test_34_four_actual_joint_motion_not_instant(self):
+  h=rt.TaDma850Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True)
+  for g in ['air','N2']:call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,gas=g))
+  call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True);call(h,'drive.move',position_m=.01);self.assertEqual(h.drive,0);step(h,.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.drive,.0002);self.rejected(h,'furnace.set','MECHANISM_MOVING',opened=False);step(h,5);call(h,'clamp.set',locked=True);step(h,.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.clamp,.0019);step(h,2);call(h,'furnace.set',opened=False);step(h,.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.furnace_lift,.145)
+ def test_35_emergency_preserves_memory_and_no_auto_restart(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.3);q=h.drive;call(h,'emergency.stop');self.assertEqual(h.error,'SOFTWARE_STOP');self.rejected(h,'furnace.set','EMERGENCY_LATCHED',opened=True);self.rejected(h,'drive.preload','NOT_READY',force_n=.05,ramp_s=1.);step(h,1);self.assertEqual(q,h.drive);call(h,'emergency.reset');step(h,1);self.assertEqual(q,h.drive);self.assertFalse(h.gas_open);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_36_hot_access_rejected_atomically(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(),plant={'safe_access_temperature_k':298.2},preload=.2);call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=303.15,rate_k_s=20/60);step(h,3);call(h,'thermal.disable');self.rejected(h,'furnace.set','HOT_CELL',opened=True);self.rejected(h,'clamp.set','HOT_CELL',locked=False);self.rejected(h,'emergency.reset','HOT_CELL')
+ def test_37_force_and_dynamic_displacement_limits(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(),preload=.2);m=method(strain_amplitude=1e-8);call(h,'method.configure',**m);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','LINEAR_AMPLITUDE_DOMAIN');m=method(strain_amplitude=.01);call(h,'method.configure',**m);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','TENSION_FORCE_DOMAIN');self.rejected(h,'drive.preload','INVALID_ARGUMENT',force_n=18.1,ramp_s=1)
+ def test_38_stiff_thermal_model_positive_and_closed(self):
+  h=setup(sample=engineering(mass_kg=1e-12),plant={'furnace_capacity_j_k':1e-5,'fixture_capacity_j_k':1e-7,'sample_conductance_w_k':1000.,'controller_gain_w_k':1e5},preload=.2);call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=303.15,rate_k_s=20/60);step(h,20);self.assertGreater(h.sample_temperature,300.);self.assertLess(h.sample_temperature,303.16);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_39_finite_timeout_and_multiple_blocks(self):
+  m=method();m['timeout_s']=.25;h=setup(method=m);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'TIMEOUT');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],.25);self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],.25)
+  m=method();m['blocks'].append(dict(m['blocks'][0],control='force'));h=setup(method=m);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(r['blocks']),2);self.assertTrue(all(abs(a['analysis']['cycles']-3)<1e-8 for a in r['blocks']))
+ def test_40_panel_power_blank_and_no_derived_truth_leak(self):
+  h=setup();self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.temperature_text'],'25.0');self.assertTrue(h.read()['panel.displacement_text']);cleanup(h);self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.temperature_text'],'');self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.displacement_text'],'');self.assertIsNone(h.read()['force.indicated_n']);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_41_all_unsupported_explicit_and_empty_initial_step(self):
+  h=rt.TaDma850Runtime();step(h,.1);self.assertEqual(h.time_s,.1)
+  for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:self.rejected(h,k,'UNSUPPORTED')
+  self.rejected(h,'plant.configure','INITIALIZATION_ONLY',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_42_actual_api_and_slot_schemas_json(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=0.);run(h);cleanup(h);meta=rt.export_ta_dma850_contract_metadata();missing=set(rt.CAPS)-set(rt.UNSUPPORTED)-{k for k,a,r in OBSERVED};self.assertEqual(missing,set())
+  for k,a,r in OBSERVED:rt.validate(rt.CAPS[k]['input_schema'],a);rt.validate(rt.CAPS[k]['output_schema'],r)
+  for values in STATES:
+   self.assertEqual(set(values),set(rt.SLOTS));json.dumps(values,allow_nan=False)
+   for k,v in values.items():rt.validate(rt.SLOTS[k]['schema'],v)
+  self.assertTrue(all(not c['state_effects'] for k,c in meta['capabilities'].items() if c['kind'] in ['query','analysis']));SCHEMA_REPORT.update(actual_returns=len(OBSERVED),states=len(STATES))
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_ta_dsc2500.py b/tests/test_asset_ta_dsc2500.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1c90c2992799dd8a810bbc4da52d03d82a07e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_ta_dsc2500.py
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"""DSC: real thermodynamics, finite enthalpy, observation analysis and owner protocol."""
+import copy,hashlib,importlib.util,json,math,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import ta_dsc2500 as rt
+OBSERVED=[];STATES=[];SCHEMA_REPORT={}
+def canonical(v):
+ if isinstance(v,dict):return {str(k):canonical(x) for k,x in v.items()}
+ if isinstance(v,(tuple,list)):return [canonical(x) for x in v]
+ return v
+def state(h):return json.dumps(canonical(h.__dict__),sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ before=h.read();r=h.invoke(k,**a);after=h.read();json.dumps(r,allow_nan=False);json.dumps(after,allow_nan=False);OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));STATES.append(after);changed={x for x in before if before[x]!=after[x]}
+ if not changed<=set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects']):raise AssertionError((k,'undeclared immediate effects',changed-set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects'])))
+ return r
+def step(h,t):h.step(t);STATES.append(h.read());json.dumps(h.read(),allow_nan=False)
+def setup(name='dsc_test',plant=None,sample=None,gas=None,method=None,warm=True):
+ h=rt.TaDsc2500Runtime(name);call(h,'plant.configure',**dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})));call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,**(gas or {})));call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);call(h,'lid.set',opened=False);step(h,2.1);call(h,'gas.set_flow',flow_m3_s=50e-6/60);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**(method or {})))
+ if warm:
+  call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=h.method['start_temperature_k'],rate_k_s=min(1.,h.plant['maximum_program_rate_k_s']))
+  for _ in range(3000):
+   step(h,.1)
+   if max(abs(h.read()[k]-h.method['start_temperature_k']) for k in ['furnace.indicated_k','sample.indicated_k','reference.indicated_k'])<h.method['start_tolerance_k']:break
+  else:raise AssertionError('preconditioning did not settle')
+ return h
+def run(h):
+ call(h,'acquisition.start')
+ for _ in range(30000):
+  step(h,.1)
+  if h.phase!='running':break
+ if h.phase=='running':raise AssertionError('no terminal state')
+ return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+def cool(h):
+ if h.phase=='running':call(h,'acquisition.stop')
+ call(h,'thermal.disable')
+ for _ in range(3000):
+  if h._cold():break
+  step(h,.1)
+ else:raise AssertionError('failed cooling')
+def cleanup(h):
+ cool(h);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);call(h,'lid.set',opened=True);step(h,2.1);call(h,'sample.remove');call(h,'gas.unload');call(h,'power.set',enabled=False)
+def quick(**changes):
+ m=dict(start_temperature_k=298.15,segments=[dict(target_k=300.15,rate_k_s=.2,hold_s=1.)]);m.update(changes);return m
+class TestDSC2500(unittest.TestCase):
+ def rejected(self,h,k,error='.',**a):
+  before=state(h)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,error):h.invoke(k,**a)
+  self.assertEqual(state(h),before)
+ def ledger(self,h):
+  l=call(h,'ledger.read');self.assertLess(abs(l['sample_error_kg']),1e-17);self.assertLess(abs(l['gas_error_mol']),1e-11);self.assertLess(abs(l['energy_error_j']),1e-6);return l
+ def test_01_real_indium_naphthalene_source_and_no_raw_curve_fabrication(self):
+  lib=rt.library()['substances'];a=lib['indium_srm2232a'];b=lib['naphthalene_nist'];self.assertEqual(a['values']['melting_temperature_k'],429.7485);self.assertEqual(a['values']['fusion_enthalpy_j_kg'],28580.);self.assertEqual(b['values']['melting_temperature_k'],353.44);self.assertAlmostEqual(b['values']['fusion_enthalpy_j_kg'],18811/.1281705);self.assertTrue(a['runtime_usable']);self.assertTrue(b['runtime_usable']);self.assertTrue(a.get('source'));self.assertGreater(len(lib),2)
+ def test_02_real_two_materials_drive_different_observed_peaks(self):
+  peaks=[]
+  for rid,tm in [('indium_srm2232a',429.7485),('naphthalene_nist',353.44)]:
+   method=dict(start_temperature_k=tm-5,segments=[dict(target_k=tm+7,rate_k_s=1/6,hold_s=20.)]);h=setup(sample={'reference_id':rid},method=method);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],92.,places=7);self.assertGreater(h._fraction(),.99);peaks.append(max(r['rows'],key=lambda x:x['heatflow_w'])['sample_k']);self.ledger(h)
+  self.assertGreater(peaks[0]-peaks[1],70)
+ def test_03_enthalpy_inverse_and_fraction_bounded(self):
+  for c in [1e-7,.02,100.]:
+   for latent in [0.,.05716,100.]:
+    for t in np.linspace(290.,320.,101):
+     e=rt.enthalpy(t,298.15,c,latent,305.,.2);v=rt.enthalpy_temperature(e,298.15,c,latent,305.,.2);self.assertAlmostEqual(v,t,delta=1e-7);self.assertGreaterEqual(rt.phase_fraction(v,305.,.2),0);self.assertLessEqual(rt.phase_fraction(v,305.,.2),1)
+ def test_04_targets_are_not_actual_and_queries_do_not_advance(self):
+  h=setup(warm=False,method=quick());t=h.furnace;call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=320.,rate_k_s=.2);self.assertEqual(h.furnace,t);self.assertEqual(h.target,298.15);before=state(h);h.read();h.describe();call(h,'acquisition.result');call(h,'ledger.read');call(h,'reference.query',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']);self.assertEqual(state(h),before);step(h,1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.target,298.35);self.assertLess(h.furnace,h.target)
+ def test_05_program_rates_holds_and_terminal_record_alignment(self):
+  h=setup(warm=False,method=quick(segments=[dict(target_k=300.15,rate_k_s=.2,hold_s=1.),dict(target_k=299.15,rate_k_s=.1,hold_s=.5)]));r=run(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],21.5);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],r['elapsed_s']);self.assertTrue(any(abs(x['elapsed_s']-10)<1e-8 for x in r['rows']));self.assertTrue(any(x['stage']=='hold' for x in r['rows']));self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['segment_index'],1);self.assertFalse(h.thermal_enabled);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_06_observed_baseline_enthalpy_not_free_source_value(self):
+  h=setup();r=run(h);rows=r['rows'];t=[x['elapsed_s'] for x in rows];q=[x['heatflow_w'] for x in rows];T=[x['sample_k'] for x in rows];baseline=[0.]*len(t);a=call(h,'analysis.integrate',time_s=t,heatflow_w=q,temperature_k=T,baseline_w=baseline,sample_mass_kg=2e-6);self.assertAlmostEqual(a['energy_j'],float(np.trapezoid(q,t)));self.assertNotEqual(a['specific_enthalpy_j_kg'],28580.);b=call(h,'analysis.integrate',time_s=t,heatflow_w=q,temperature_k=T,baseline_w=[.0001]*len(t),sample_mass_kg=4e-6);self.assertAlmostEqual(b['energy_j'],a['energy_j']-.0001*92.,places=12);self.assertNotEqual(a['specific_enthalpy_j_kg'],b['specific_enthalpy_j_kg']);self.assertIn('not extrapolated onset',a['evidence'])
+ def test_07_sample_pan_reference_energy_and_latent_inventory(self):
+  h=setup();before=self.ledger(h);r=run(h);after=self.ledger(h);m=h.sample['mass_kg'];deltaS=after['sample_stored_j']-before['sample_stored_j'];expected=h._cp()*(h.sample_temperature-r['rows'][0]['sample_k'])+m*28580.;self.assertAlmostEqual(deltaS,expected,places=10);self.assertEqual(after['sample_present_kg'],before['sample_present_kg']);self.assertGreater(after['heater_input_j'],before['heater_input_j']);self.assertGreater(after['ambient_loss_j'],before['ambient_loss_j'])
+ def test_08_full_cooling_preserves_mass_and_exports_heat(self):
+  h=setup();r=run(h);fraction=h._fraction();energy=h._ledger()['sample_stored_j'];cool(h);self.assertEqual(fraction,1.);self.assertEqual(h._fraction(),0.);self.assertLess(h.sample_energy,energy);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertEqual(l['sample_present_kg'],2e-6);self.assertGreater(l['ambient_loss_j'],0);cleanup(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertEqual(l['sample_recovered_kg'],2e-6);self.assertEqual(l['sample_present_kg'],0.)
+ def test_09_cancel_retains_partial_melt_and_frozen_history(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'acquisition.start')
+  for _ in range(800):
+   step(h,.1)
+   if .2<h._fraction()<.8:break
+  f=h._fraction();self.assertGreater(f,0);self.assertLess(f,1);call(h,'acquisition.stop');r=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.assertEqual(h._fraction(),f);self.assertFalse(h.thermal_enabled);step(h,10.);self.assertEqual(r,call(h,'acquisition.result'));self.assertNotEqual(h._fraction(),f);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_10_facs_cannot_cool_below_ambient_or_use_ln2_range(self):
+  h=setup(warm=False,method=quick());self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','COOLER_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',temperature_k=200.,rate_k_s=1.);call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=320.,rate_k_s=1.);step(h,30.);call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=298.15,rate_k_s=1.);step(h,100.);self.assertGreaterEqual(h.furnace,298.15-1e-10);self.assertGreater(h.cooler_removed,0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_11_external_cooler_distinct_ranges_and_signed_ambient_heat(self):
+  for name,lo,hi in [('RCS120',153.15,673.15),('RCS90',183.15,823.15),('RCS40',233.15,673.15),('LN2P',93.15,823.15)]:
+   h=setup(plant={'cooler':name},warm=False,method=quick());self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','COOLER_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',temperature_k=hi+.01,rate_k_s=1.);self.assertEqual(h._limits(),(lo,hi));call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=283.15,rate_k_s=1.);step(h,30.);self.assertLess(h.furnace,298.15);self.assertLess(h.ambient_loss,0.);self.assertGreater(h.cooler_removed,0.);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_12_stiff_small_capacity_stable_and_conservative(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'furnace_capacity_j_k':1e-5,'sample_pan_capacity_j_k':1e-7,'reference_pan_capacity_j_k':1e-7,'sample_conductance_w_k':1000.,'reference_conductance_w_k':1000.,'controller_gain_w_k':1e5},sample={'mass_kg':1e-10},method=quick(),warm=False);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertTrue(all(298.14<x['sample_k']<301 for x in r['rows']));self.ledger(h)
+ def test_13_finite_gas_event_exact_time_and_terminal_partial(self):
+  amount=1e-9;h=setup(gas={'amount_mol':amount},method=quick(),warm=False);rate=h.flow*101325/(rt.R_GAS*298.15);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.1);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'GAS_EXHAUSTED');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.elapsed,amount/rate,places=13);self.assertEqual(h.gas_remaining,0.);self.assertFalse(h.gas_open);self.assertFalse(h.thermal_enabled);self.assertEqual(h.rows[-1]['elapsed_s'],h.elapsed);self.assertEqual(h.time_s,2.2);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_14_tiny_gas_amount_and_large_dt_has_finite_terminal(self):
+  h=setup(gas={'amount_mol':1e-18},method=quick(),warm=False);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'GAS_EXHAUSTED');self.assertLess(r['elapsed_s'],1e-10);self.assertEqual(h.gas_remaining,0.);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_15_gas_is_consumed_only_when_open_and_mass_recovered(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(),warm=False);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);left=h.gas_remaining;step(h,1.);self.assertEqual(left,h.gas_remaining);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True);step(h,1.);rate=h.flow*101325/(rt.R_GAS*298.15);self.assertAlmostEqual(left-h.gas_remaining,rate,places=13);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);call(h,'gas.unload');l=self.ledger(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['gas_loaded_mol'],l['gas_recovered_mol']+l['gas_exhausted_mol'],places=13)
+ def test_16_hot_lid_sample_remove_and_sampler_guards_are_atomic(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'lid.set','HOT_CELL',opened=True);self.rejected(h,'sample.remove','HOT_CELL');self.rejected(h,'sampler.move','HOT_CELL',x_m=.1,y_m=.05,z_m=.06);self.rejected(h,'emergency.reset','HOT_CELL');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_17_lid_and_sampler_finite_motion_clearance(self):
+  h=setup(warm=False,method=quick());self.rejected(h,'sampler.move','SAMPLER_CLEARANCE',x_m=.165,y_m=0.,z_m=.06);call(h,'lid.set',opened=True);self.assertEqual(h.lid_lift,0.);step(h,2.1);call(h,'sampler.move',x_m=.165,y_m=0.,z_m=.06);self.assertEqual(h.sampler,[0.,0.,.06]);step(h,.5);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.sampler[0],.025);self.rejected(h,'lid.set','SAMPLER_MOVING',opened=False);step(h,3.);self.rejected(h,'lid.set','SAMPLER_NOT_PARKED',opened=False);call(h,'sampler.move',x_m=.165,y_m=0.,z_m=0.);step(h,1.3);self.rejected(h,'sampler.move','SAMPLER_CLEARANCE',x_m=0.,y_m=0.,z_m=.06);call(h,'sampler.move',x_m=.165,y_m=0.,z_m=.06);step(h,1.3);call(h,'sampler.move',x_m=0.,y_m=0.,z_m=.06);step(h,3.4);call(h,'lid.set',opened=False);step(h,2.1);self.assertEqual(h.lid_lift,0.)
+ def test_18_rejected_input_atomic_and_strict_schema(self):
+  h=setup(warm=False,method=quick())
+  for k,a in [('power.set',{'enabled':1}),('gas.set_flow',{'flow_m3_s':float('nan')}),('sampler.move',{'x_m':.331,'y_m':0.,'z_m':.06}),('lid.set',{'opened':False,'extra':0}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':-.1}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':True})]:self.rejected(h,k,**a)
+  self.rejected(h,'method.configure','SAMPLING_GRID',**dict(h.method,sample_interval_s=.15));self.rejected(h,'method.configure','PROGRAM_RATE',**dict(h.method,segments=[dict(target_k=300,rate_k_s=3.,hold_s=0.)]));self.rejected(h,'method.configure','COOLER_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',**dict(h.method,start_temperature_k=298.15,modulation_amplitude_k=1.))
+ def test_19_zero_from_observations_and_independent_calibration(self):
+  h=rt.TaDsc2500Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,sample_flow_offset_w=.001,reference_flow_offset_w=-.002));call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);step(h,5.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['heatflow.indicated_w'],.003);call(h,'sensor.zero');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['heatflow.indicated_w'],0.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.calibration['sample_flow_zero_w'],.001);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.calibration['reference_flow_zero_w'],-.002);call(h,'sample.load',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);self.rejected(h,'sensor.zero','ZERO_REQUIRES_EMPTY_EQUILIBRIUM')
+ def test_20_flow_gain_bias_changes_output_not_truth_energy(self):
+  a=setup(method=quick(),warm=False);b=setup(plant={'sample_flow_gain':1.1},method=quick(),warm=False);ra=run(a);rb=run(b);self.assertNotEqual(ra['rows'][-1]['heatflow_w'],rb['rows'][-1]['heatflow_w']);self.assertEqual(a._ledger(),b._ledger());self.assertEqual(a.sample_temperature,b.sample_temperature)
+ def test_21_baseline_peak_sign_and_bad_observed_input(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(),warm=False);a=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.integrate']['example_arguments']);r=call(h,'analysis.integrate',**a);self.assertEqual(r['energy_j'],.001);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['specific_enthalpy_j_kg'],500.);a['heatflow_w']=[0.,-.001,0.];r=call(h,'analysis.integrate',**a);self.assertEqual(r['energy_j'],-.001);self.assertEqual(r['peak_temperature_k'],401.);self.rejected(h,'analysis.integrate','ANALYSIS_DATA',**dict(a,time_s=[0,0,2]));self.rejected(h,'analysis.integrate','ANALYSIS_DATA',**dict(a,baseline_w=[0,0,0,0]))
+ def test_22_complex_cp_known_observed_harmonic_and_loss_convention(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(),warm=False);t=np.linspace(0,120,1201);w=2*np.pi/60;m=2e-6;cp=complex(1000,-100);T=300+np.sin(w*t);q=np.real(1j*w*(-1j)*cp*m*np.exp(1j*w*t));a=dict(time_s=t.tolist(),heatflow_w=q.tolist(),temperature_k=T.tolist(),sample_mass_kg=m,period_s=60.,accept_apparatus_response=True);r=call(h,'analysis.modulated_cp',**a);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['apparent_cp_real_j_kg_k'],1000.,places=8);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['apparent_cp_loss_j_kg_k'],100.,places=8);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['temperature_amplitude_k'],1.)
+ def test_23_fourier_rejects_missing_phase_short_irregular_window(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(),warm=False);a=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.modulated_cp']['example_arguments']);self.rejected(h,'analysis.modulated_cp','APPARATUS_RESPONSE_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(a,accept_apparatus_response=False));self.rejected(h,'analysis.modulated_cp','FOURIER_WINDOW',**dict(a,period_s=59.));times=a['time_s'].copy();times[1]=1.1;self.rejected(h,'analysis.modulated_cp','FOURIER_WINDOW',**dict(a,time_s=times));self.rejected(h,'analysis.modulated_cp','TEMPERATURE_AMPLITUDE',**dict(a,temperature_k=[300.]*121))
+ def test_24_actual_modulation_is_not_target_temperature_copy(self):
+  method=dict(start_temperature_k=301.15,segments=[dict(target_k=301.15,rate_k_s=.1,hold_s=120.)],modulation_amplitude_k=.5,modulation_period_s=60.);h=setup(method=method);r=run(h);rows=r['rows'];self.assertTrue(any(abs(x['target_k']-x['sample_k'])>.05 for x in rows));self.assertGreater(np.ptp([x['sample_k'] for x in rows]),.8);a=call(h,'analysis.modulated_cp',time_s=[x['elapsed_s'] for x in rows],heatflow_w=[x['heatflow_w'] for x in rows],temperature_k=[x['sample_k'] for x in rows],sample_mass_kg=2e-6,period_s=60.,accept_apparatus_response=True);self.assertTrue(math.isfinite(a['apparent_cp_real_j_kg_k']));self.ledger(h)
+ def test_25_power_off_blanks_and_passive_heat_persists(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'thermal.disable');before=h.furnace;call(h,'power.set',enabled=False);self.assertEqual(h.furnace,before);self.assertIsNone(h.read()['heatflow.indicated_w']);self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.temperature_text'],'');step(h,1.);self.assertLess(h.furnace,before);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_26_emergency_freezes_partial_and_requires_cold_reset(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,1.);call(h,'emergency.stop');self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'SOFTWARE_STOP');self.assertFalse(h.gas_open);r=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.rejected(h,'emergency.reset','HOT_CELL');cool(h);call(h,'emergency.reset');self.assertEqual(r,call(h,'acquisition.result'));self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_27_timeout_and_sampling_terminal_at_actual_event(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(timeout_s=.235),warm=False);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'TIMEOUT');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],.235);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],.235);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_28_frozen_result_survives_material_method_calibration_changes(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(),warm=False);r=run(h);cleanup(h);call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,sample_flow_gain_correction=2.));call(h,'method.configure',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE));call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='naphthalene_nist'));self.assertEqual(r,call(h,'acquisition.result'));self.assertEqual(r,h.records[r['operation_id']])
+ def test_29_queries_do_not_take_owner(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(),warm=False);s=h.session();op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start')['operation_id'];step(h,.3);before=state(h);s.poll(op);s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);h.describe();call(h,'ledger.read');self.assertEqual(before,state(h));r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='query');self.assertIsNone(r['operation_id']);self.assertEqual(h._owners[op],'agent')
+ def test_30_session_idempotence_other_owner_and_conflict(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(),warm=False);h.register_principal('other');a=h.session();b=h.session('other');args=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start');r=a.invoke(**args);self.assertEqual(r,a.invoke(**args));op=r['operation_id'];self.assertEqual(b.invoke(**dict(args,capability_id='acquisition.result',request_id='query'))['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+  for fn in [lambda:b.poll(op),lambda:b.cancel(op,'x')]:
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):fn()
+  self.assertEqual(a.invoke(**dict(args,capability_id='power.set',arguments={'enabled':False}))['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');c=a.cancel(op,'cancel');self.assertEqual(c,a.cancel(op,'cancel'))
+ def test_31_stale_cancel_does_not_cancel_new_run(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(),warm=False);s=h.session();a=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s1');op=s.invoke(**a)['operation_id'];c=s.cancel(op,'cancel');op2=s.invoke(**dict(a,request_id='s2'))['operation_id'];self.assertNotEqual(op,op2);self.assertEqual(c,s.cancel(op,'cancel'));self.assertEqual(h.phase,'running')
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'REQUEST_CONFLICT'):s.cancel(op2,'cancel')
+ def test_32_agent_truth_recovery_and_json_boundaries(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(),warm=False);s=h.session();d=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertTrue(all(not k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']));self.assertNotIn('sample.remove',d['capabilities']);self.assertNotIn('ledger.read',d['capabilities'])
+  for k in ['sample.load','sample.remove','gas.load','ledger.read','sim.step','plant.configure']:
+   before=state(h);r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments=rt.CAPS[k]['example_arguments'],request_id=k);self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(state(h),before)
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.liquid_fraction'])
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.write(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_id='thermal.target_k',value=400.,request_id='write')
+  op=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s')['operation_id'];step(h,12.);r=s.poll(op);payload=json.dumps(r,allow_nan=False)
+  for hidden in ['truth.','liquid_fraction','sample_mass_kg','fusion_enthalpy_j_kg']:self.assertNotIn('"'+hidden,payload)
+ def test_33_two_instances_fixed_partition_and_zero_host_step(self):
+  a=setup('a',method=quick(),warm=False);b=setup('b',method=quick(),warm=False);call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');step(a,1.3)
+  for dt in [.03,.07,.25,.15,.4,.4]:step(b,dt)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);before=state(b);step(a,.1);self.assertEqual(state(b),before);call(a,'sim.step',dt_s=0.)
+ def test_34_large_host_step_keeps_event_rows_and_exact_time(self):
+  a=setup('a',method=quick(),warm=False);b=setup('b',method=quick(),warm=False);call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');step(a,20.)
+  for _ in range(200):step(b,.1)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);self.assertEqual(a.phase,'succeeded');self.assertEqual(a.elapsed,11.);self.ledger(a)
+ def test_35_reference_only_unknown_and_assumptions_rejected(self):
+  h=rt.TaDsc2500Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);self.rejected(h,'sample.load','MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_engineering=False));self.rejected(h,'sample.load','MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_reversible_phase_change=False));self.rejected(h,'sample.load','CONDITION_TRANSFER_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_condition_transfer=False));self.rejected(h,'sample.load','INVALID_REFERENCE',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='missing'));rid=next(k for k,v in rt.library()['substances'].items() if not v.get('runtime_usable'));self.rejected(h,'sample.load','INVALID_REFERENCE',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id=rid));self.rejected(h,'gas.load','REFERENCE_CONDITIONS_NOT_ACCEPTED',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,accept_reference_conditions=False))
+ def test_36_loading_external_heat_and_removal_keeps_pan_energy(self):
+  h=rt.TaDsc2500Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,initial_temperature_k=308.15));expected=2e-6*233*10;self.assertAlmostEqual(h.loaded_energy,expected);self.assertGreater(h.sample_temperature,298.15);self.assertLess(h.sample_temperature,308.15);self.ledger(h);call(h,'sample.remove');self.assertGreater(h.sample_energy,0.);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_37_start_requires_observed_equilibrium_and_resource(self):
+  h=setup(warm=False);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','START_NOT_EQUILIBRATED');call(h,'method.configure',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**quick()));call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','NO_GAS');call(h,'lid.set',opened=True);step(h,2.1);self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','NOT_READY',temperature_k=400.,rate_k_s=1.)
+ def test_38_program_modulation_bounds_unknown_methods_explicit(self):
+  h=setup(warm=False,method=quick());self.rejected(h,'method.configure','MODULATION_SAMPLING',**dict(h.method,modulation_amplitude_k=.1,start_temperature_k=300.,modulation_period_s=1.,sample_interval_s=.1));self.rejected(h,'method.configure','PROGRAM_RATE',**dict(h.method,modulation_amplitude_k=1.,start_temperature_k=300.,modulation_period_s=2.));call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,segments=[dict(target_k=298.15,rate_k_s=.1,hold_s=0.)]));self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','EMPTY_PROGRAM')
+  for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:self.rejected(h,k,'UNSUPPORTED')
+ def test_39_run_repeated_phase_history_without_free_reset(self):
+  h=setup();r=run(h);self.assertEqual(h._fraction(),1.);call(h,'method.configure',**dict(h.method,start_temperature_k=h.read()['sample.indicated_k'],segments=[dict(target_k=h.read()['sample.indicated_k'],rate_k_s=.1,hold_s=.2)],start_tolerance_k=1.));r2=run(h);self.assertEqual(h._fraction(),1.);self.assertNotEqual(r['operation_id'],r2['operation_id']);self.assertEqual(r,h.records[r['operation_id']]);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_40_sampler_registered_descent_and_interrupted_path_are_atomic(self):
+  h=setup(warm=False,method=quick());call(h,'lid.set',opened=True);step(h,2.1);call(h,'sampler.move',x_m=.1,y_m=.05,z_m=.06);self.rejected(h,'sampler.move','SAMPLER_MOVING',x_m=0.,y_m=0.,z_m=.06);step(h,2.1);self.rejected(h,'sampler.move','SAMPLER_TARGET_NOT_REGISTERED',x_m=.1,y_m=.05,z_m=0.);self.assertEqual(len(rt.SAMPLER_REGISTERED_XY),56)
+  for x,y in rt.SAMPLER_REGISTERED_XY:self.assertTrue(0<=x<=.330 and 0<=y<=.110)
+ def test_41_tiny_gas_at_maximum_molar_rate_consumed_without_loop(self):
+  h=setup(gas={'amount_mol':1e-18,'reference_pressure_pa':1e7,'reference_temperature_k':200.},method=quick(),warm=False);call(h,'gas.set_flow',flow_m3_s=1e-5);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'GAS_EXHAUSTED');self.assertEqual(h.gas_remaining,0.);self.assertGreater(r['elapsed_s'],0.);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_99_every_actual_api_state_and_metadata_schema(self):
+  spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('asset_tool_dsc',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(tool);meta=rt.export_ta_dsc2500_contract_metadata();checked=0
+  for k,c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+   for key in ['input_schema','output_schema']:self.assertEqual(tool.lint_schema(c[key],path=k+'.'+key),[])
+   self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'],c['input_schema'],path=k),[])
+  counts={k:0 for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+  for k,a,r in OBSERVED:
+   self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(a,meta['capabilities'][k]['input_schema'],path=k+'.arguments'),[]);self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(r,meta['capabilities'][k]['output_schema'],path=k+'.return'),[]);counts[k]+=1;checked+=1
+  self.assertTrue(all(counts.values()),counts)
+  for state_values in STATES:
+   self.assertEqual(set(state_values),set(meta['state_slots']))
+   for k,v in state_values.items():self.assertEqual(tool.validate_value(v,meta['state_slots'][k]['value_schema'],path=k),[]);checked+=1
+  SCHEMA_REPORT.update(actual_capability_calls=len(OBSERVED),state_snapshots=len(STATES),schema_checks=checked,capability_counts=counts)
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_ta_tamiv.py b/tests/test_asset_ta_tamiv.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd47b2bd43bb951c987ef87e9036ed6538decddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_ta_tamiv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+"""CHEM138: actual chemistry/thermal integration, public protocol and conservation."""
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
+from scripts.asset_runtime import ta_tamiv as r
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('tam_asset_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');asset_tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+OBSERVED=[]
+class Checked(r.TaTamivRuntime):
+    def invoke(self,k,**a):
+        before=self.read();out=super().invoke(k,**a);after=self.read();changed={x for x in after if after[x]!=before[x]}
+        assert not changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']),(k,changed-set(r.CAPS[k]['effects']))
+        assert not asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']),(k,asset_tool.validate_value(out,r.CAPS[k]['output_schema']))
+        OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(out)));return out
+
+def make(plant=None,sample=None,reference=None,method=None):
+    h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})));h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));h.invoke('reference.load',**dict(r.REFERENCE_EXAMPLE,**(reference or {})));h.invoke('power.set',enabled=True);h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=298.15);h.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=0.);h.step(1.);h.invoke('method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**(method or {})));return h
+
+def finish(h,trigger=True):
+    h.invoke('acquisition.start')
+    if trigger:h.invoke('sample.trigger')
+    h.step(h.method['duration_s']);return h.invoke('acquisition.result')
+def remove(h):
+    if h.phase=='running':h.invoke('acquisition.stop')
+    h.invoke('calibration.set_power',power_w=0.);h.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=.48);h.step(1.);h.invoke('sample.remove')
+def sessions(h):
+    for n,role in [('student','agent'),('teacher','evaluator'),('other','agent')]:h.register_principal(n,role)
+    return h.session('student'),h.session('teacher'),h.session('other')
+def call(s,c,a=None,rid='r1'):return s.invoke(instance_id=s._host.instance_id,capability_id=c,arguments=a or {},request_id=rid)
+def snapshot(h):
+    return json.dumps(dict(state=h.read(),plant=h.plant,sample=h.sample,reference=h.reference,ledger=h._ledger(),rows=h.rows,records=h.records,revision=h.revision,calibration=h.calibration,method=h.method,x=h.x.tolist()),sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False)
+
+class TamTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def budget(self,h,tol=1e-9):
+        for k,v in h.invoke('ledger.read').items():
+            if 'error' in k:self.assertLess(abs(v),tol,(k,v))
+    def reject(self,h,k,**a):
+        before=snapshot(h)
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.invoke(k,**a)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot(h),before)
+    def test_01_targets_and_motion_are_not_teleports(self):
+        h=make();old=h.x.copy();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=300.15);np.testing.assert_array_equal(h.x,old);h.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=.48);self.assertEqual(h.lift,0.);h.step(.5);self.assertEqual(h.lift,.24);self.assertGreater(h._temperature(0),298.15);self.budget(h)
+    def test_02_reads_describe_and_zero_are_pure(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);before=snapshot(h)
+        for _ in range(2):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);e.describe(asset_type_id=r.ASSET_TYPE_ID);h.step(0.)
+        self.assertEqual(before,snapshot(h))
+    def test_03_sixtysix_real_enthalpies_and_mass_closure(self):
+        lib=r.library();self.assertGreaterEqual(len(lib),50)
+        for row in lib.values():
+            self.assertEqual(row['reference_temperature_K'],298.15);self.assertTrue(row['source']);self.assertTrue(row['enthalpy_J_mol']);self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(p['stoichiometry']*p['molar_mass_kg_mol'] for p in row['products']),row['molar_mass_kg_mol'],places=9)
+    def test_04_halite_heat_and_true_vs_recorded_integral(self):
+        h=make();o=finish(h);expected=1e-6*(1-math.exp(-.5*12));self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(len(o['rows']),241);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.sample['converted'],expected,17);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.reaction_heat,-3700*expected,14);self.assertLess(min(x['heat_flow_w'] for x in o['rows']),0);self.assertGreater(abs(h.reaction_heat-o['recorded_heat_j']),1e-5);self.budget(h)
+    def test_05_stoichiometric_products_not_constant_mass_shortcut(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('sample.trigger');h.step(2.);xi=h.sample['converted'];d=h.species_ledger();self.assertAlmostEqual(d['products']['Na+']['amount_mol'],xi,18);self.assertAlmostEqual(d['products']['Cl-']['amount_mol'],xi,18);m=d['carrier_water_kg']+d['solid_mol']*h.sample['molar_mass']+sum(v['mass_kg'] for v in d['products'].values());self.assertEqual(m,h._mass());self.budget(h)
+    def test_06_crystal_water_is_conserved(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'chalcanthite_dissolution'});h.invoke('sample.trigger');h.step(3.);water=next(p for p in h.sample['products'] if p['phase']=='liquid_water');self.assertEqual(water['stoichiometry'],5.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.species_ledger()['products'][water['id']]['mass_kg'],5*h.sample['converted']*water['molar_mass_kg_mol'],18);self.budget(h)
+    def test_07_solubility_limit_leaves_solid(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'barite_dissolution'});h.invoke('sample.trigger');limit=.0001*10**(-9.98/2);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.x[4],limit,18);h.step(40.);self.assertGreater(h.sample['amount_mol']-h.sample['converted'],.99e-6);self.assertLessEqual(h.sample['converted'],limit);self.budget(h)
+    def test_08_exothermic_sign(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'cuso4_dissolution','amount_mol':1e-7});o=finish(h);self.assertGreater(h.reaction_heat,0);self.assertGreater(max(row['heat_flow_w'] for row in o['rows']),0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_09_blank_and_no_automatic_reaction(self):
+        h=make(plant={'baseline_offset_w':0.,'baseline_drift_w_s':0.});o=finish(h,False);self.assertFalse(h.sample['triggered']);self.assertEqual(h.reaction_heat,0.);self.assertTrue(all(row['heat_flow_w']==0. for row in o['rows']));self.budget(h)
+    def test_10_electric_heat_enters_sample_before_sensor(self):
+        h=make(plant={'baseline_offset_w':0.,'baseline_drift_w_s':0.});h.invoke('calibration.set_power',power_w=.001);self.assertEqual(h._observed(),0.);h.step(.01);self.assertGreater(h.x[1],h.x[0]);self.assertGreater(h._observed(),0.);self.assertLess(h._observed(),.001);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.electrical_input,.00001,15);h.invoke('calibration.set_power',power_w=0.);h.step(.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.electrical_input,.00001,15);self.budget(h)
+    def test_11_baseline_estimated_from_actual_blank(self):
+        h=make(plant={'baseline_offset_w':4e-7,'baseline_drift_w_s':2e-9,'heatflow_resolution_w':1e-12});o=finish(h,False);args=dict(time_s=[x['host_time_s'] for x in o['rows']],heat_flow_w=[x['heat_flow_w'] for x in o['rows']]);f=h.invoke('analysis.baseline',**args);self.assertAlmostEqual(f['intercept_w'],4e-7,15);self.assertAlmostEqual(f['drift_w_s'],2e-9,15)
+    def test_12_actual_electric_platform_gain(self):
+        h=make(plant={'sensor_gain':1.2,'baseline_offset_w':3e-7,'baseline_drift_w_s':0.},method={'duration_s':25.});blank=h._observed();h.invoke('calibration.set_power',power_w=.0001);o=finish(h,False);plateau=o['rows'][-1]['heat_flow_w'];f=h.invoke('analysis.electrical_calibration',known_power_w=.0001,plateau_observed_w=plateau,baseline_observed_w=blank);self.assertAlmostEqual(f['gain_correction'],1/1.2,places=4);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.electrical_input,.0025,14);self.budget(h)
+    def test_13_external_kinetics_has_no_private_sample(self):
+        h=Checked();f=h.invoke('analysis.kinetics',**r.KINETICS_EXAMPLE);self.assertAlmostEqual(f['rate_s_inv'],.5,6);self.assertAlmostEqual(f['total_heat_j'],-.0037,10);self.assertIsNone(h.sample)
+    def test_14_near_equal_response_rates_are_finite(self):
+        t=np.linspace(0,8,101);out=r.first_order_observation(t,1.,1.,1.);expected=.5*t*t*np.exp(-t);np.testing.assert_allclose(out,expected,atol=1e-15)
+    def test_15_independent_ode_response_and_external_fit(self):
+        t=np.linspace(0,18.,361);k=.37;H=-.0074;thermal=2.34;sensor=.2
+        def ode(t,y):return [-k*y[0],(H*k*y[0]-y[1])/thermal,(y[1]-y[2])/sensor]
+        sol=solve_ivp(ode,(0,18),[1.,0.,0.],t_eval=t,rtol=1e-10,atol=1e-14);h=Checked();f=h.invoke('analysis.kinetics',time_s=t.tolist(),heat_flow_w=(sol.y[2]+2e-7+1e-9*t).tolist(),trigger_time_s=0.,thermal_tau_s=thermal,sensor_tau_s=sensor,minimum_rate_s_inv=.01,maximum_rate_s_inv=10.,accept_fixed_bath_first_order=True);self.assertAlmostEqual(f['rate_s_inv'],k,6);self.assertAlmostEqual(f['total_heat_j'],H,9)
+    def test_16_cancel_freezes_rows_but_chemistry_continues(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.invoke('sample.trigger');h.step(2.);h.invoke('acquisition.stop');rows=copy.deepcopy(h.rows);q=h.recorded_heat;xi=h.sample['converted'];h.step(10.);self.assertEqual(h.rows,rows);self.assertEqual(h.recorded_heat,q);self.assertGreater(h.sample['converted'],xi);self.budget(h)
+    def test_17_power_off_does_not_arrest_chemistry(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.invoke('sample.trigger');h.invoke('calibration.set_power',power_w=.0001);h.step(.5);h.invoke('power.set',enabled=False);xi=h.sample['converted'];e=h.electrical_input;c=h.controller_input;h.step(2.);self.assertGreater(h.sample['converted'],xi);self.assertEqual(h.electrical_input,e);self.assertEqual(h.controller_input,c);self.assertIsNone(h._observed());self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');self.budget(h)
+    def test_18_remove_exports_remaining_chemistry(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('sample.trigger');h.step(1.);remove(h);d=h.invoke('ledger.read');self.assertGreater(d['reactant_removed_mol'],0);self.assertGreater(d['converted_removed_mol'],0);self.assertEqual(d['sample_mass_present_kg'],0);q=h.reaction_heat;h.step(2.);self.assertEqual(q,h.reaction_heat);self.budget(h)
+    def test_19_loading_and_unloading_do_not_create_sensible_heat(self):
+        h=Checked();h.invoke('plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,ambient_k=293.15));h.invoke('sample.load',**r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);h.invoke('reference.load',**dict(r.REFERENCE_EXAMPLE,initial_temperature_k=303.15));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.loaded_sensible,.418*15,14);self.budget(h);h.step(2.);h.invoke('sample.remove');h.invoke('reference.remove');self.assertGreater(h.removed_sensible,0);self.budget(h)
+    def test_20_lift_switches_sample_to_ambient(self):
+        a=make(plant={'retracted_conductance_w_k':0.});b=make(plant={'retracted_conductance_w_k':0.})
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=300.15)
+        b.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=.48);a.step(1.);b.step(1.);self.assertEqual(b.x[1],0.);self.assertGreater(a.x[1],0.);self.budget(a);self.budget(b)
+    def test_21_motion_arrival_partition(self):
+        a=make();b=make()
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('sample.trigger');h.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=.24)
+        a.step(1.2)
+        for _ in range(72):b.step(1/60)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(a.x,b.x,rtol=1e-12,atol=1e-15);self.assertEqual(a.lift,b.lift);self.budget(a);self.budget(b)
+    def test_22_controller_heat_and_cool_limits(self):
+        for target,expected in [(310.15,2.),(280.15,-1.)]:
+            h=make(plant={'bath_capacity_j_k':10.,'controller_heating_limit_w':2.,'controller_cooling_limit_w':1.});h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=target);h.step(1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.controller_input,expected,10);self.budget(h)
+    def test_23_saturated_power_partition(self):
+        a=make(plant={'bath_capacity_j_k':10.,'controller_heating_limit_w':2.});b=make(plant={'bath_capacity_j_k':10.,'controller_heating_limit_w':2.})
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=310.15)
+        a.step(1.)
+        for _ in range(60):b.step(1/60)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(a.x,b.x,rtol=1e-9,atol=1e-11);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.controller_input,b.controller_input,9);self.budget(a);self.budget(b)
+    def test_24_nominal_target_limits_and_disable(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=423.15);h.step(.1);h.invoke('thermal.disable');c=h.controller_input;h.step(.1);self.assertEqual(c,h.controller_input);h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=277.15);self.reject(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=423.16);self.budget(h)
+    def test_25_temperature_invalidates_observation_not_chemistry(self):
+        h=make(plant={'bath_capacity_j_k':1.});h.invoke('sample.trigger');h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=303.15);h.step(3.);self.assertIsNone(h._observed());self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');xi=h.sample['converted'];h.step(1.);self.assertGreater(h.sample['converted'],xi);self.budget(h)
+    def test_26_temperature_drift_fails_active_record(self):
+        h=make(sample={'reference_id':'cuso4_dissolution','amount_mol':1e-5});h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.invoke('sample.trigger');h.step(2.);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE');self.assertIsNone(h.recorded_heat);self.assertIsNone(h.rows[-1]['heat_flow_w']);xi=h.sample['converted'];h.step(1.);self.assertGreater(h.sample['converted'],xi);self.budget(h)
+    def test_27_sensor_range_is_missing_not_zero(self):
+        h=make(plant={'heatflow_limit_w':1e-6});o=finish(h);self.assertEqual(o['phase'],'failed');self.assertEqual(o['error_code'],'SENSOR_RANGE');self.assertIsNone(o['recorded_heat_j']);self.assertTrue(any(x['heat_flow_w'] is None for x in o['rows']))
+    def test_28_sixty_hz_clock_and_internal_rows(self):
+        a=make();b=make()
+        for h in (a,b):h.invoke('acquisition.start');h.invoke('sample.trigger')
+        a.step(12.)
+        for _ in range(720):b.step(1/60)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);np.testing.assert_allclose(a.x,b.x,rtol=1e-11,atol=1e-14);self.budget(a);self.budget(b)
+    def test_29_sampling_grid_and_input_atomicity(self):
+        h=make()
+        for override in [{'duration_s':.123,'sample_interval_s':.05},{'duration_s':1.,'sample_interval_s':.00000001}]:self.reject(h,'method.configure',**dict(r.METHOD_EXAMPLE,**override))
+        for dt in [True,-1.,float('nan'),float('inf')]:
+            before=snapshot(h)
+            with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.step(dt)
+            self.assertEqual(before,snapshot(h))
+        self.reject(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=True);self.reject(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=298.15,extra=1)
+    def test_30_busy_load_and_capacity_guards(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('acquisition.start');self.reject(h,'sample.set_lift',lift_m=.48);self.reject(h,'sensor.calibrate',**r.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'sample.remove');h.invoke('acquisition.stop');remove(h);self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,volume_m3=21e-6));self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='missing'));self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,initial_temperature_k=303.15))
+    def test_31_double_instance_isolation(self):
+        a=make();b=make();before=snapshot(b);finish(a);self.assertEqual(snapshot(b),before);self.assertNotEqual(a.reaction_heat,b.reaction_heat)
+    def test_32_identity_and_visibility(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);self.assertNotIn('truth.sample_k',a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertIn('truth.sample_k',e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']);self.assertNotIn('sample.trigger',a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)['capabilities']);self.assertEqual(call(a,'sample.trigger')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.session('unregistered')
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.sample_k'])
+        with self.assertRaises(r.ActionRejected):h.register_principal('student','evaluator')
+    def test_33_idempotency_owner_and_cancel(self):
+        h=make();a,e,b=sessions(h);start=call(a,'acquisition.start');self.assertEqual(start,call(a,'acquisition.start'));self.assertEqual(call(a,'power.set',{'enabled':True})['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');self.assertEqual(call(b,'acquisition.stop')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(b,'power.set',{'enabled':False},'off')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');h.invoke('sample.trigger');h.step(.2);op=start['operation_id'];response=a.cancel(op,'cancel');self.assertEqual(response,a.cancel(op,'cancel'));self.assertEqual(a.poll(op)['status'],'cancelled')
+    def test_34_privileged_public_results_do_not_leak_source(self):
+        h=make();a,e,_=sessions(h);op=call(a,'acquisition.start')['operation_id'];h.invoke('sample.trigger');h.step(12.)
+        for payload in [call(a,'acquisition.result',rid='a'),call(e,'acquisition.result',rid='e'),a.poll(op)]:
+            text=json.dumps(payload);self.assertNotIn('halite',text.lower());self.assertNotIn('minteq',text.lower());self.assertNotIn('3700',text)
+        self.assertEqual(call(a,'provenance.read',rid='p')['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');self.assertEqual(call(e,'provenance.read',rid='p')['result']['reference_id'],'halite_dissolution')
+    def test_35_result_provenance_snapshots_survive_new_sample(self):
+        h=make();old=finish(h);remove(h);self.assertIsNone(h.invoke('provenance.read')['reference_id']);h.invoke('sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='barite_dissolution'));new=h.invoke('acquisition.result');self.assertEqual(new,old);self.assertEqual(h.invoke('provenance.read')['reference_id'],'barite_dissolution')
+    def test_36_assumption_acceptance_and_unsupported(self):
+        h=Checked();self.reject(h,'plant.configure',**dict(r.PLANT_EXAMPLE,accept_engineering=False));h.invoke('plant.configure',**r.PLANT_EXAMPLE);self.reject(h,'sample.load',**dict(r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_ideal_solution_and_kinetics=False));self.reject(h,'reference.load',**dict(r.REFERENCE_EXAMPLE,accept_inert_reference=False))
+        for c in r.UNSUPPORTED:self.reject(h,c)
+        h.register_principal('a');self.assertEqual(call(h.session('a'),'measurement.micro_solution_accessory')['status'],'unsupported')
+    def test_37_external_analysis_rejections_are_atomic(self):
+        h=make();self.reject(h,'analysis.baseline',time_s=[0.,0.,1.],heat_flow_w=[0.,1.,2.]);self.reject(h,'analysis.electrical_calibration',known_power_w=.001,plateau_observed_w=0.,baseline_observed_w=1e-6);self.reject(h,'analysis.kinetics',**dict(r.KINETICS_EXAMPLE,heat_flow_w=[0.]*101));self.reject(h,'analysis.kinetics',**dict(r.KINETICS_EXAMPLE,accept_fixed_bath_first_order=False))
+    def test_38_all_contract_schemas_and_actual_returns(self):
+        h=make();meta=h.describe()
+        for key,c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema']),[],key);self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'],c['input_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,args,result in OBSERVED:self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(result,meta['capabilities'][key]['output_schema']),[],key)
+        for key,value in h.read().items():self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(value,meta['state_slots'][key]['value_schema']),[],key)
+    def test_39_session_entrypoints_all_implemented_capabilities(self):
+        h=Checked();h.register_principal('eval','evaluator');s=h.session('eval');seen=set()
+        plan=[('plant.configure',r.PLANT_EXAMPLE),('sample.load',r.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE),('reference.load',r.REFERENCE_EXAMPLE),('power.set',{'enabled':True}),('thermal.set_temperature',{'temperature_k':298.15}),('sample.set_lift',{'lift_m':0.}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':1.}),('method.configure',r.METHOD_EXAMPLE),('sensor.calibrate',r.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE),('acquisition.start',{}),('sample.trigger',{}),('calibration.set_power',{'power_w':.0001}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':.2}),('acquisition.stop',{}),('calibration.set_power',{'power_w':0.}),('acquisition.result',{}),('provenance.read',{}),('ledger.read',{}),('analysis.baseline',r.CAPS['analysis.baseline']['example_arguments']),('analysis.electrical_calibration',r.CAPS['analysis.electrical_calibration']['example_arguments']),('analysis.kinetics',r.KINETICS_EXAMPLE),('thermal.disable',{}),('sample.set_lift',{'lift_m':.48}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':1.}),('sample.remove',{}),('power.set',{'enabled':False}),('reference.remove',{})]
+        for i,(cap,args) in enumerate(plan):
+            out=call(s,cap,args,str(i));self.assertIn(out['status'],('accepted','succeeded'),(cap,out));self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(out['result'],r.CAPS[cap]['output_schema']),[],cap);seen.add(cap)
+        self.assertEqual(seen,set(r.CAPS)-set(r.UNSUPPORTED));self.budget(h)
+    def test_40_equilibrium_trigger_and_electrical_lift_guards(self):
+        h=make();h.invoke('calibration.set_power',power_w=.001);self.reject(h,'sample.set_lift',lift_m=.48);h.invoke('calibration.set_power',power_w=0.);h.invoke('thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=310.15);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start');h.invoke('sample.set_lift',lift_m=.48);h.step(.2);self.reject(h,'sample.trigger');self.reject(h,'sample.remove');self.reject(h,'reference.remove')
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_ta_tga5500.py b/tests/test_asset_ta_tga5500.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2177343bb13bed894c690102c2be64c63cd5b62d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_ta_tga5500.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+"""CHEM132: actual chemistry/energy/gas/host protocol regressions, not presence-only tests."""
+import copy,importlib.util,json,math,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import ta_tga5500 as rt
+OBSERVED=[];STATES=[];SCHEMA_REPORT={}
+def state(h):return json.dumps(h.__dict__,sort_keys=True,allow_nan=False,default=lambda x:x.item() if hasattr(x,'item') else str(x))
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ before=h.read();r=h.invoke(k,**a);after=h.read();json.dumps(r,allow_nan=False);json.dumps(after,allow_nan=False);OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));STATES.append(after);changed={x for x in before if before[x]!=after[x]}
+ if not changed<=set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects']):raise AssertionError((k,'undeclared effects',changed-set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects'])))
+ return r
+def step(h,t):h.step(t);STATES.append(h.read());json.dumps(h.read(),allow_nan=False)
+def quick(**kw):return dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,segments=[dict(target_k=300.15,rate_k_s=.5,hold_s=1.,gas='N2')],**kw)
+def setup(name='tga_test',plant=None,sample=None,gas=None,method=None):
+ h=rt.TaTga5500Runtime(name);call(h,'plant.configure',**dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})));call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);call(h,'balance.tare');call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,**(gas or {})));call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,gas='O2'));call(h,'furnace.set',opened=False);step(h,2.1);call(h,'gas.set_flow',sample_flow_m3_s=25e-6/60,balance_flow_m3_s=10e-6/60);call(h,'gas.select',gas='N2');call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True);call(h,'method.configure',**(method or quick()));return h
+def run(h):
+ call(h,'acquisition.start')
+ for _ in range(30000):
+  step(h,.1)
+  if h.phase!='running':break
+ if h.phase=='running':raise AssertionError('no terminal state')
+ return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+def cool(h):
+ if h.phase=='running':call(h,'acquisition.stop')
+ call(h,'thermal.disable');call(h,'thermal.set_cooling',enabled=True)
+ for _ in range(10000):
+  if h._cold():break
+  step(h,.1)
+ else:raise AssertionError('not cold')
+def cleanup(h):
+ cool(h);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);call(h,'furnace.set',opened=True);step(h,2.1);call(h,'sample.remove');call(h,'gas.unload',gas='N2');call(h,'gas.unload',gas='O2');call(h,'power.set',enabled=False)
+class TestTGA5500(unittest.TestCase):
+ def rejected(self,h,k,error='.',**a):
+  before=state(h)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,error):h.invoke(k,**a)
+  self.assertEqual(before,state(h))
+ def ledger(self,h):
+  l=call(h,'ledger.read');self.assertLess(abs(l['sample_error_kg']),1e-15);self.assertLess(abs(l['n2_error_mol']),1e-10);self.assertLess(abs(l['o2_error_mol']),1e-10);self.assertLess(abs(l['energy_error_j']),2e-6);return l
+ def test_01_two_actual_source_curves_raw_noise_preserved(self):
+  lib=rt.library()['substances']
+  for rid in ['fsri_abs_n2_10k_r1','fsri_hdpe_n2_10k_r1']:
+   r=lib[rid];self.assertTrue(r['runtime_usable']);self.assertGreater(len(r['values']['temperature_k']),5000);self.assertIn(r['conditions']['gas'],['N2','nitrogen']);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['conditions']['heating_rate_k_s'],1/6);self.assertGreater(r['values']['time_s'][0],500);self.assertIn('sha256',r['source'])
+ def test_02_two_materials_drive_actual_distinct_observations(self):
+  masses=[]
+  for rid in ['fsri_abs_n2_10k_r1','fsri_hdpe_n2_10k_r1']:
+   h=setup(sample={'reference_id':rid},method=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE));r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],105.);self.assertLess(h._mass(),2e-6);masses.append(r['rows'][-1]['mass_kg']);self.ledger(h)
+  self.assertGreater(abs(masses[0]-masses[1]),1e-8)
+ def test_03_projection_audited_raw_not_mutated(self):
+  ref=dict(runtime_usable=True,values=dict(temperature_k=[300.,310.,310.,320.,305.],mass_fraction=[1.,1.1,.8,-.01,.95]));old=copy.deepcopy(ref);m=rt.prepare_reference(ref,True);self.assertEqual(ref,old);self.assertEqual(m['temperature'],[300.,305.,310.,320.]);self.assertEqual(m['mass_fraction'],[1.,.95,.95,0.]);self.assertEqual(m['stats']['duplicate_temperatures_removed'],1);self.assertEqual(m['stats']['clipped_points'],2)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'PROJECTION'):rt.prepare_reference(ref,False)
+ def test_04_targets_not_truth_queries_no_clock_or_mutation(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=400.,rate_k_s=1.);self.assertEqual(h.target,298.15);self.assertEqual(h.furnace,298.15);before=state(h);h.read();h.describe();call(h,'reference.query',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']);call(h,'acquisition.result');call(h,'ledger.read');self.assertEqual(state(h),before);step(h,1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.target,299.15);self.assertLess(h.furnace,h.target)
+ def test_05_program_holds_switches_and_terminal_timestamps(self):
+  m=quick();m['segments']=[dict(target_k=300.15,rate_k_s=.5,hold_s=1.,gas='N2'),dict(target_k=299.15,rate_k_s=.5,hold_s=.5,gas='O2')];h=setup(method=m);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],7.5);self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],r['elapsed_s']);self.assertTrue(any(x['stage']=='hold' for x in r['rows']));self.assertGreater(h.chamber[1],0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_06_conservative_cstr_analytic_and_deficit_fill(self):
+  n,out=rt.mix_chamber(1.,0.,'O2',.4,1.);self.assertAlmostEqual(n[0],math.exp(-.4));self.assertAlmostEqual(n[1],1-math.exp(-.4));self.assertAlmostEqual(out[0]+out[1],.4)
+  n,out=rt.mix_chamber(.4,.1,'N2',.3,1.);self.assertEqual(n,[.7,.1]);self.assertEqual(out,[0.,0.]);n,out=rt.mix_chamber(0.,0.,'N2',2.,1.);self.assertEqual(n,[1.,0.]);self.assertEqual(out,[1.,0.])
+ def test_07_sample_gas_switch_not_instant_chamber_or_balance_oxygen(self):
+  h=setup();before=h.chamber.copy();call(h,'gas.select',gas='O2');self.assertEqual(h.chamber,before);N=h.gas_remaining['N2'];O=h.gas_remaining['O2'];step(h,1);self.assertGreater(h.chamber[1],0);self.assertLess(h.chamber[1]/sum(h.chamber),1);self.assertAlmostEqual(N-h.gas_remaining['N2'],h.balance_flow*101325/(rt.R_GAS*298.15),places=12);self.assertAlmostEqual(O-h.gas_remaining['O2'],h.sample_flow*101325/(rt.R_GAS*298.15),places=12);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_08_finite_oxygen_uptake_mass_consumption_and_pressure_deficit(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'oxidation_capacity_fraction':.2,'oxidation_rate_s_inv':100.,'oxidation_activation_j_mol':0.});call(h,'gas.select',gas='O2');step(h,.1);self.assertGreater(h.uptake,0);self.assertLessEqual(h.uptake,2e-6);self.assertLess(sum(h.chamber),h.capacity);self.assertAlmostEqual(h._mass(),1e-5+h.uptake,delta=1e-12);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['o2_consumed_mol']*rt.M_O2,l['oxygen_uptake_kg'],places=15)
+ def test_09_closed_valves_finite_oxygen_no_free_nitrogen(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'oxidation_capacity_fraction':2.,'oxidation_rate_s_inv':10.,'oxidation_activation_j_mol':0.});call(h,'gas.select',gas='O2');step(h,.2);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);n=h.chamber[0];o=h.chamber[1];u=h.uptake;step(h,10);self.assertEqual(n,h.chamber[0]);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.uptake-u,(o-h.chamber[1])*rt.M_O2,places=14);self.assertLessEqual(h.uptake-u,o*rt.M_O2+1e-18);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_10_dual_branch_finite_n2_event_exact_terminal(self):
+  h=setup(gas={'amount_mol':1e-9});rate=(h.sample_flow+h.balance_flow)*101325/(rt.R_GAS*298.15);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.1);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'GAS_EXHAUSTED');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.elapsed,1e-9/rate,places=13);self.assertLess(h.gas_remaining['N2'],1e-24);self.assertFalse(h.thermal_enabled);self.assertEqual(h.rows[-1]['elapsed_s'],h.elapsed);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_11_extreme_tiny_gas_finite_termination_not_infinite(self):
+  h=setup(gas={'amount_mol':1e-18});call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,3.);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertLess(h.elapsed,1e-10);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.time_s,5.1);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_12_o2_selected_balance_n2_exhaustion_stops_heater(self):
+  h=setup(gas={'amount_mol':1e-9});m=quick();m['segments'][0]['gas']='O2';call(h,'method.configure',**m);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.1);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertGreater(h.gas_remaining['O2'],.099);self.assertFalse(h.gas_open);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_13_two_node_heat_energy_closed_and_cooling_destination(self):
+  h=setup(method=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE));run(h);self.assertGreater(h.mass_emitted,0);self.assertGreater(h.emitted_sensible,0);E=h.sample_energy+self._ef(h);cool(h);self.assertLess(h.sample_energy+self._ef(h),E);self.assertGreater(h.cooling_removed,0);self.ledger(h);cleanup(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertEqual(l['sample_present_kg'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(l['sample_loaded_kg'],l['sample_recovered_kg']+l['sample_emitted_kg'],places=14)
+ def _ef(self,h):return h.plant['furnace_capacity_j_k']*(h.furnace-h.plant['ambient_k'])
+ def test_14_reaction_enthalpy_changes_energy_without_mass_invention(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'oxidation_capacity_fraction':.3,'oxidation_rate_s_inv':2.,'oxidation_activation_j_mol':0.,'oxidation_heat_j_kg':5e5});call(h,'gas.select',gas='O2');step(h,5);self.assertGreater(h.reaction_heat,0);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.reaction_heat,h.uptake*5e5,places=10);self.assertGreater(h.sample_temperature,298.15);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_15_stiff_thermal_and_stiff_chemistry_remain_finite(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'furnace_capacity_j_k':1e-5,'pan_capacity_j_k':1e-7,'sample_conductance_w_k':1000.,'controller_gain_w_k':1e5},sample={'mass_kg':1e-10,'loss_relaxation_s':1e-6});r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertTrue(all(298<x['sample_k']<301 for x in r['rows']));self.ledger(h)
+ def test_16_cancel_freezes_history_and_retains_hot_mass(self):
+  h=setup(method=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE));call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,80.);mass=h._mass();call(h,'acquisition.stop');r=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.assertEqual(h._mass(),mass);self.assertFalse(h.thermal_enabled);step(h,10.);self.assertEqual(r,call(h,'acquisition.result'));self.assertLessEqual(h._mass(),mass);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_17_cold_loss_target_not_latched_and_does_not_restore_mass(self):
+  h=setup(method=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE),sample={'loss_relaxation_s':50.});call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,75.);call(h,'acquisition.stop');call(h,'thermal.set_cooling',enabled=True);step(h,120.);loss=h.loss;step(h,30);self.assertEqual(loss,h.loss);self.assertGreater(loss,0);self.assertLess(h.sample_temperature,310);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_18_balance_dynamic_independent_gain_zero_and_resolution(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'mass_gain':.9,'mass_offset_kg':2e-7});step(h,2);a=h.read()['mass.indicated_kg'];self.assertAlmostEqual(a,.9*1e-5,delta=8e-12);self.assertNotEqual(a,h._mass());call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**dict(h.calibration,mass_gain_correction=1/.9));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['mass.indicated_kg'],1e-5,delta=8e-12);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['mass.indicated_kg']/8e-12,round(h.read()['mass.indicated_kg']/8e-12),places=7)
+ def test_19_high_low_range_guard_no_clipped_truth(self):
+  h=rt.TaTga5500Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);self.rejected(h,'sample.load','BALANCE_OVERLOAD',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,mass_kg=.0005));call(h,'balance.set_range',range='high');call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,mass_kg=.0005));self.rejected(h,'balance.set_range','BALANCE_OVERLOAD',range='low');call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);step(h,3);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['mass.indicated_kg']/6e-11,round(h.read()['mass.indicated_kg']/6e-11),places=7)
+ def test_20_oxidation_overload_actual_failure_and_unavailable_observation(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'mass_kg':.0001,'oxidation_capacity_fraction':.1,'oxidation_rate_s_inv':10.,'oxidation_activation_j_mol':0.});m=quick();m['segments'][0]['gas']='O2';call(h,'method.configure',**m);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.1);self.assertEqual(h.error,'BALANCE_OVERLOAD');self.assertIsNone(h.read()['mass.indicated_kg']);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_21_hot_mechanism_and_remove_rejection_atomic(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=400.,rate_k_s=5.);step(h,25.);call(h,'thermal.disable')
+  for k,a in [('furnace.set',{'opened':True}),('sample.remove',{}),('carousel.index',{'position':2}),('punch.set',{'pressed':True}),('emergency.reset',{})]:self.rejected(h,k,'HOT_CELL',**a)
+ def test_22_four_joint_host_motion_and_registered_punch(self):
+  h=rt.TaTga5500Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'carousel.index',position=25);self.assertEqual(h.carousel_angle,0.);step(h,.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.carousel_angle,.1);self.rejected(h,'punch.set','MECHANISM_MOVING',pressed=True);step(h,1);self.rejected(h,'punch.set','PUNCH_DEMO_POSITION',pressed=True);call(h,'carousel.index',position=1);step(h,1);call(h,'punch.set',pressed=True);step(h,1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.punch,.008);step(h,1.1);self.assertEqual(h.punch,.016);self.rejected(h,'carousel.index','NOT_READY',position=2);call(h,'punch.set',pressed=False);step(h,2.1);call(h,'furnace.set',opened=False);step(h,1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.furnace_lower,.055);step(h,1.1);self.assertEqual(h.furnace_lower,0.)
+ def test_23_emergency_stops_mechanisms_and_never_auto_restarts(self):
+  h=rt.TaTga5500Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'carousel.index',position=10);step(h,.1);call(h,'emergency.stop');pos=h.carousel_angle;step(h,1);self.assertEqual(pos,h.carousel_angle);call(h,'emergency.reset');step(h,1);self.assertEqual(pos,h.carousel_angle)
+ def test_24_pan_specific_temperature_limits_and_source_domain(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'pan_material':'aluminum'});self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','PAN_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',temperature_k=874.,rate_k_s=1.)
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',temperature_k=1100.,rate_k_s=1.);self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','PAN_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',temperature_k=290.,rate_k_s=1.);self.assertEqual(rt.PAN_LIMITS['platinum'],1273.15)
+ def test_25_rate_limits_source_exact_matching_and_explicit_transfer(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'method.configure','INVALID_ARGUMENT',**dict(h.method,segments=[dict(target_k=350.,rate_k_s=501/60,hold_s=0.,gas='N2')]))
+  h=rt.TaTga5500Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_condition_transfer=False));self.rejected(h,'gas.select','CONDITION_TRANSFER',gas='N2');self.rejected(h,'gas.select','CONDITION_TRANSFER',gas='O2');self.rejected(h,'method.configure','CONDITION_TRANSFER',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,segments=[dict(target_k=323.15,rate_k_s=1/6,hold_s=0.,gas='N2')]))
+
+ def test_26_invalid_input_and_array_schema_rejections_atomic(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for k,a in [('power.set',{'enabled':1}),('sim.step',{'dt_s':float('nan')}),('gas.set_flow',{'sample_flow_m3_s':501e-6/60,'balance_flow_m3_s':1e-8}),('carousel.index',{'position':0}),('method.configure',dict(h.method,sample_interval_s=.15)),('sample.remove',{'extra':True})]:self.rejected(h,k,**a)
+ def test_27_external_mass_analysis_signed_blank_and_windows(self):
+  h=setup();a=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.mass_stages']['example_arguments']);r=call(h,'analysis.mass_stages',**a);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['net_loss_fraction'],.3);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['residue_fraction'],.7);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['stages'][0]['peak_loss_rate_kg_s'],2e-6);a['baseline_kg']=[1e-6]*3;a['initial_mass_kg']=2e-5;r=call(h,'analysis.mass_stages',**a);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['residue_fraction'],.3);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['net_loss_fraction'],.15)
+ def test_28_analysis_bad_time_missing_values_or_unbracketed_indices(self):
+  h=setup();a=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.mass_stages']['example_arguments']);self.rejected(h,'analysis.mass_stages','ANALYSIS_DATA',**dict(a,time_s=[0.,0.,1.]));self.rejected(h,'analysis.mass_stages','ANALYSIS_BOUNDARIES',**dict(a,stage_boundaries=[1,2]));self.rejected(h,'analysis.mass_stages','INVALID_ARGUMENT',**dict(a,mass_kg=[1e-5,None,1e-6]))
+ def test_29_empty_or_unknown_reference_rejected_atomically(self):
+  h=rt.TaTga5500Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);self.rejected(h,'sample.load','INVALID_REFERENCE',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='nonexistent'));self.rejected(h,'sample.load','CURVE_PROJECTION',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_curve_projection=False));self.rejected(h,'sample.load','COLD_EXTENSION',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_cold_extension=False));rid=next(k for k,v in rt.library()['substances'].items() if not v.get('runtime_usable'));self.rejected(h,'sample.load','INVALID_REFERENCE',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id=rid))
+ def test_30_power_off_blanks_and_sim_step_zero(self):
+  h=setup();self.assertTrue(h.read()['panel.mass_text']);call(h,'power.set',enabled=False);self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.temperature_text'],'');self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.mass_text'],'');self.assertIsNone(h.read()['mass.indicated_kg']);t=h.time_s;call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=0.);self.assertEqual(h.time_s,t)
+ def test_31_temperature_sensor_bias_start_guard_not_truth(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'temperature_offset_k':2.});self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','START_NOT_EQUILIBRATED');call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**dict(h.calibration,temperature_zero_k=2.));self.assertEqual(run(h)['phase'],'succeeded')
+ def test_32_owner_no_query_steal_and_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+  h=setup();h.register_principal('other');a=h.session();b=h.session('other');e=h.session('evaluator');r=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start');op=r['operation_id'];self.assertEqual(r['status'],'accepted');q=b.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='q');self.assertEqual(q['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'ACCESS_DENIED'):b.poll(op)
+  for k in ['ledger.read','sample.remove','plant.configure','sim.step']:self.assertEqual(a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=k,arguments=rt.CAPS[k]['example_arguments'],request_id=k)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+  obs=a.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations'];self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in obs));self.assertFalse(any(v['visibility']=='evaluator' for v in a.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)['state_slots'].values()));self.assertTrue(e.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)['observations']['truth.sample_mass_kg'])
+ def test_33_idempotent_start_conflict_and_cancel_retry(self):
+  h=setup();a=h.session();args=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s');r=a.invoke(**args);self.assertEqual(r,a.invoke(**args));bad=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='power.set',arguments={'enabled':False},request_id='s');self.assertEqual(bad['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');cancel=a.cancel(r['operation_id'],'c');self.assertEqual(cancel,a.cancel(r['operation_id'],'c'));new=a.invoke(**dict(args,request_id='s2'));self.assertEqual(new['status'],'accepted');self.assertEqual(cancel,a.cancel(r['operation_id'],'c'));self.assertEqual(h.phase,'running')
+ def test_34_history_snapshot_survives_reload_calibration_and_new_owner(self):
+  h=setup();a=h.session();r=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='a');step(h,6);old=a.poll(r['operation_id']);cleanup(h);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='fsri_hdpe_n2_10k_r1'));call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,mass_gain_correction=1.2));self.assertEqual(old,a.poll(r['operation_id']));self.assertEqual(old['result']['reference_id'],'fsri_abs_n2_10k_r1')
+ def test_35_partition_invariance_dual_instances_unique_clock(self):
+  a=setup('a');b=setup('b');call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');step(a,2.3)
+  for _ in range(23):step(b,.1)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());step(a,.03);self.assertEqual(a.time_s,b.time_s);step(a,.07);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.time_s-b.time_s,.1);self.assertNotEqual(a.elapsed,b.elapsed);self.ledger(a);self.ledger(b)
+ def test_36_thermal_extreme_endotherm_fails_without_negative_kelvin(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'loss_heat_j_kg':-1e7,'loss_relaxation_s':1e-6},plant={'pan_capacity_j_k':1e-7},method=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE));r=run(h);self.assertIn(r['phase'],['succeeded','failed']);self.assertGreater(h.sample_temperature,0);self.assertGreaterEqual(h._mass(),0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_37_tare_uses_observed_empty_pan_only(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'balance.tare','TARE_REQUIRES_EMPTY');cleanup(h);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);self.rejected(h,'balance.tare','TARE_REQUIRES_EMPTY');step(h,3);call(h,'balance.tare');self.assertEqual(h.read()['mass.indicated_kg'],0.)
+ def test_38_gas_recovery_no_free_resource_and_reference_requirement(self):
+  h=setup();step(h,2);cleanup(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertEqual(l['n2_remaining_mol'],0);self.assertEqual(l['o2_remaining_mol'],0);self.assertGreater(l['n2_recovered_mol'],0);self.rejected(h,'gas.load','REFERENCE_CONDITIONS',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,accept_reference_conditions=False));self.rejected(h,'gas.set_open','NO_GAS',opened=True)
+ def test_39_timeout_software_stop_and_unsupported_are_honest(self):
+  h=setup(method=quick(timeout_s=.15));r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'TIMEOUT');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],.15);call(h,'emergency.stop');call(h,'emergency.reset')
+  for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:self.rejected(h,k,'UNSUPPORTED')
+ def test_40_precise_source_upper_domain_and_sampling_grid(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'method.configure','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE',**dict(h.method,segments=[dict(target_k=h.model['temperature'][-1]+.01,rate_k_s=1.,hold_s=0.,gas='N2')]));self.rejected(h,'method.configure','SAMPLING_GRID',**dict(h.method,sample_interval_s=.19));self.rejected(h,'sample.load','ALREADY_LOADED',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_41_successful_actual_apis_state_schema_and_json_independent(self):
+  h=setup();run(h);cleanup(h);meta=h.describe();spec=importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('tga_official_tool',ROOT/'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py');tool=importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec);spec.loader.exec_module(tool);errors=[]
+  for k,c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+   errors+=tool.lint_schema(c['input_schema'],path=k)+tool.lint_schema(c['output_schema'],path=k)
+  for k,args,result in OBSERVED:errors+=tool.validate_value(args,meta['capabilities'][k]['input_schema'],path=k+'.input')+tool.validate_value(result,meta['capabilities'][k]['output_schema'],path=k+'.output')
+  for values in STATES:
+   self.assertEqual(set(values),set(rt.SLOTS));json.dumps(values,allow_nan=False)
+   for k,v in values.items():errors+=tool.validate_value(v,meta['state_slots'][k]['value_schema'],path=k)
+  self.assertEqual(errors,[]);SCHEMA_REPORT['actual_calls']=len(OBSERVED)
+ def test_42_agent_protocol_result_serialization_and_cross_instance_rejection(self):
+  h=setup();a=h.session();r=a.invoke(instance_id='wrong',capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='a');self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE');r=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='b');step(h,.2);q=a.poll(r['operation_id']);json.dumps(q,allow_nan=False);self.assertFalse(any('truth' in key for row in q['result']['rows'] for key in row));self.assertAlmostEqual(q['result']['rows'][-1]['elapsed_s'],.2);a.cancel(r['operation_id'],'c');self.assertEqual(a.poll(r['operation_id'])['status'],'cancelled')
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_ta_tma450.py b/tests/test_asset_ta_tma450.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7e47acba5e58daf879ee1fa3228a30ff156163c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_ta_tma450.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+"""CHEM134 physical/observation/protocol and strict actual-schema regressions."""
+import copy,hashlib,json,math,pickle,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT/'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import ta_tma450 as rt
+OBSERVED=[];STATES=[];SCHEMA_REPORT={}
+def state(h):return hashlib.sha256(pickle.dumps(h.__dict__)).hexdigest()
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ before=h.read();r=h.invoke(k,**a);after=h.read();json.dumps(r,allow_nan=False);json.dumps(after,allow_nan=False);OBSERVED.append((k,copy.deepcopy(a),copy.deepcopy(r)));STATES.append(after);changed={x for x in before if before[x]!=after[x]}
+ if not changed<=set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects']):raise AssertionError((k,'undeclared effects',changed-set(rt.CAPS[k]['effects'])))
+ return r
+def step(h,t):h.step(t);STATES.append(h.read());json.dumps(h.read(),allow_nan=False)
+def wait(h,predicate,limit=20000):
+ for _ in range(limit):
+  if predicate():return
+  step(h,.1)
+ raise AssertionError(('TIMEOUT',h.read()))
+def setup(sample=None,plant=None,method=None,instance='test_tma'):
+ h=rt.TaTma450Runtime(instance);call(h,'plant.configure',**dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {})));call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'sample.load',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));call(h,'gas.load',**rt.GAS_EXAMPLE);call(h,'gas.set_flow',flow_m3_s=100e-6/60);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True)
+ if h.plant['cooler']=='LN2':call(h,'coolant.load',**rt.COOLANT_EXAMPLE)
+ call(h,'load.set',motor_force_n=.05,rate_n_s=.1);call(h,'probe.contact',engaged=True);wait(h,lambda:h.probe_mode=='contact');step(h,.5);call(h,'displacement.zero');call(h,'furnace.set',opened=False);wait(h,lambda:not h.read()['furnace.moving']);call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE);call(h,'method.configure',**copy.deepcopy(method or rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE));return h
+def run(h):call(h,'acquisition.start');wait(h,lambda:h.phase!='running');return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+def cleanup(h):
+ if h.phase=='running':call(h,'acquisition.stop')
+ call(h,'thermal.disable');call(h,'thermal.set_cooling',enabled=True);wait(h,lambda:h._cold());call(h,'thermal.set_cooling',enabled=False);call(h,'furnace.set',opened=True);wait(h,lambda:not h.read()['furnace.moving'])
+ if h.probe_mode=='contact':call(h,'probe.contact',engaged=False);wait(h,lambda:h.probe_mode=='hold')
+ call(h,'sample.remove');call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False)
+ for port in list(h.gases):call(h,'gas.unload',port=port)
+ if h.coolant_present:call(h,'coolant.unload')
+ call(h,'power.set',enabled=False)
+def copper(**kw):return dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,reference_id='copper_nist_srm736',length_m=.01,diameter_m=.005,**kw)
+class TestTMA450(unittest.TestCase):
+ def rejected(self,h,k,error='.',**a):
+  before=state(h)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,error):h.invoke(k,**a)
+  self.assertEqual(before,state(h))
+ def ledger(self,h):
+  l=call(h,'ledger.read')
+  for k,v in l.items():
+   if '_error_' in k:self.assertLess(abs(v),2e-7,(k,v))
+  return l
+ def test_01_original_branch_retained_not_sorted(self):
+  r=rt.library()['substances'][rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']];self.assertEqual(len(r['values']['temperature_k']),20408);self.assertEqual(len(r['runtime_values']['temperature_k']),336);m=rt.prepare_reference(r,True);self.assertTrue(np.all(np.diff(m['T'])>0));self.assertLess(m['minimum_k'],303.15);self.assertGreater(m['maximum_k'],470)
+  with self.assertRaisesRegex(rt.ActionRejected,'PROCESSING'):rt.prepare_reference(r,False)
+ def test_02_measured_temperature_displacement_actual_cte(self):
+  h=setup();r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],13.,places=7);self.assertEqual(len(r['rows']),131);a=dict(temperature_k=[x['temperature_k'] for x in r['rows']],displacement_m=[x['displacement_m'] for x in r['rows']],blank_m=[0.]*len(r['rows']),initial_length_m=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['length_m'],start_index=20,end_index=100);q=call(h,'analysis.cte',**a);self.assertGreater(q['linear_cte_k_inv'],5e-5);self.assertLess(q['linear_cte_k_inv'],3e-4);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_03_copper_physical_normalization_and_negative_low_cte(self):
+  h=setup(sample=copper());r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');T=h.sample_temperature;ref=h.model;eps=float(np.interp(T,ref['T'],ref['y']));eps0=float(np.interp(303.15,ref['T'],ref['y']));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.natural,.01*(1+eps)/(1+eps0),places=15);self.assertNotAlmostEqual(h.natural,.01*(1+eps-eps0),places=14);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_04_program_force_ramp_finite_true_vs_target(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'elastic_stiffness_n_m':1e5,'retarded_stiffness_n_m':2e5,'relaxation_s':.5});F=h.force;call(h,'load.set',motor_force_n=.5,rate_n_s=.1);self.assertEqual(h.force,F);step(h,1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.motor_program,.15,places=8);self.assertLess(h.force,h.motor_program);self.assertGreater(h.retarded,0);self.assertLess(h._height(),h.natural);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_05_kelvin_analytical_hold_recovery_and_passivity(self):
+  for tau in [1e-8,.001,1.,1e8]:
+   r=rt.kelvin_step(.1,.1,0.,1e5,2e5,tau,.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['retarded_m'],.1/2e5*(-math.expm1(-.1/tau)),places=14);self.assertGreaterEqual(r['dissipated_j'],0);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['compression_work_j'],r['stored_j']-r['previous_stored_j']+r['dissipated_j'],places=16)
+ def test_06_force_work_recovery_and_no_material_loss(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'elastic_stiffness_n_m':1e5,'retarded_stiffness_n_m':2e5,'relaxation_s':.1});call(h,'load.set',motor_force_n=.5,rate_n_s=1);step(h,2);stored=h._elastic();cleanup(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertGreater(l['mechanical_recovered_j'],stored*.5);self.assertEqual(l['sample_recovered_kg'],rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['mass_kg']);self.assertEqual(l['sample_present_kg'],0)
+ def test_07_cancel_keeps_load_and_freezes_history(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,2);F=h.force;T=h.sample_temperature;x=h.retarded;call(h,'acquisition.stop');r=call(h,'acquisition.result');self.assertEqual(h.force,F);self.assertEqual(h.sample_temperature,T);self.assertEqual(h.retarded,x);step(h,2);self.assertEqual(r,call(h,'acquisition.result'));self.assertNotEqual(h.sample_temperature,T);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_08_cleanup_after_hot_run_exports_sensible(self):
+  h=setup();run(h);self.rejected(h,'furnace.set','HOT_CELL',opened=True);cleanup(h);l=self.ledger(h);self.assertGreater(l['recovered_sensible_j'],0);self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.temperature_text'],'');self.assertEqual(h.read()['panel.displacement_text'],'')
+ def test_09_geometry_probe_no_load_teleport(self):
+  h=rt.TaTma450Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'sample.load',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);q=h.probe;call(h,'probe.contact',engaged=True);self.assertEqual(h.probe,q);step(h,.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.probe,q-.0002);self.assertEqual(h.force,0);wait(h,lambda:h.probe_mode=='contact');step(h,.5);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.probe,h._height(),places=14)
+ def test_10_probe_guard_and_manual_deadweight(self):
+  h=rt.TaTma450Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'load.deadweight',force_n=1.);call(h,'probe.select',kind='penetration');call(h,'probe.select',kind='expansion');call(h,'sample.load',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);self.rejected(h,'probe.move','PROBE_COLLISION',position_m=.001);call(h,'probe.move',position_m=.029);wait(h,lambda:not h.read()['probe.moving']);call(h,'probe.contact',engaged=True);wait(h,lambda:h.probe_mode=='contact');step(h,.5);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.force,1.05,places=7);self.rejected(h,'load.deadweight','LIFT',force_n=.5);self.rejected(h,'load.set','INVALID_ARGUMENT',motor_force_n=1.01,rate_n_s=.1);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_11_pure_reads_analysis_do_not_take_time_or_owner(self):
+  h=setup();before=state(h);h.read();h.describe();call(h,'reference.query',reference_id=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']);call(h,'analysis.cte',**rt.CAPS['analysis.cte']['example_arguments']);call(h,'acquisition.result');call(h,'ledger.read');self.assertEqual(before,state(h))
+ def test_12_observation_gain_and_calibration(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'force_gain':.8,'displacement_gain':1.2});r=run(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['rows'][-1]['force_n'],.04,places=6);D=r['rows'][-1]['displacement_m'];call(h,'sensor.calibrate',**dict(rt.CALIBRATION_EXAMPLE,force_gain_correction=1/.8,displacement_gain_correction=1/1.2));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['force.indicated_n'],.05,places=6);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read()['displacement.indicated_m'],D/1.2,delta=1e-9)
+ def test_13_observation_overload_is_unavailable(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'force_gain':100.});self.assertIsNone(h.read()['force.indicated_n']);r=run(h);self.assertTrue(all(x['force_n'] is None for x in r['rows']));self.assertLess(h.force,.1)
+ def test_14_furnace_setpoint_not_temperature(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=323.15,rate_k_s=2.5);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.furnace,303.15,places=6);step(h,1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.target,305.65,places=7);self.assertLess(h.furnace,h.target);self.assertLess(h.sample_temperature,h.furnace);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_15_no_cooler_domain_rate_bounds_atomic(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','COOLER_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',temperature_k=293.15,rate_k_s=1.);self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','INVALID_ARGUMENT',temperature_k=323.15,rate_k_s=2.500001);self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','INVALID_ARGUMENT',temperature_k=323.15,rate_k_s=.0001);self.rejected(h,'thermal.set_temperature','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',temperature_k=600.,rate_k_s=1.)
+ def test_16_ln2_finite_cooling_and_ledger(self):
+  h=setup(sample=copper(),plant={'cooler':'LN2'});call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=293.15,rate_k_s=1.);step(h,20);self.assertLess(h.sample_temperature,298.15);self.assertGreater(h.coolant_used,0);self.assertGreater(h.cooling_removed,0);self.ledger(h);cleanup(h);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_17_tiny_ln2_terminal_not_infinite(self):
+  h=setup(sample=copper(),plant={'cooler':'LN2'});call(h,'coolant.unload');call(h,'coolant.load',amount_kg=1e-12,accept_engineering_latent=True);m=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE);m['segments'][0]['target_temperature_k']=293.15;call(h,'method.configure',**m);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.1);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'COOLANT_EXHAUSTED');self.assertEqual(h.coolant_remaining,0);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_18_finite_gas_last_tick_snapshot(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);call(h,'gas.unload',port=1);call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,amount_mol=1e-9));call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.1);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.assertEqual(h.error,'GAS_EXHAUSTED');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.elapsed,1e-9/(100e-6/60*101325/(rt.R_GAS*298.15)),places=12);self.assertEqual(h.rows[-1]['elapsed_s'],h.elapsed);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_19_subfloating_gas_finite_termination(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);call(h,'gas.unload',port=1);call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,amount_mol=1e-18));call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True);call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,1);self.assertEqual(h.error,'GAS_EXHAUSTED');self.assertLess(h.elapsed,1e-10);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_20_dual_gas_selection_and_inventory(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,port=2,gas='He')) if not h.gas_open else None
+  self.rejected(h,'gas.select','GAS_VALVE_OPEN',port=2);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);call(h,'gas.load',**dict(rt.GAS_EXAMPLE,port=2,gas='He'));call(h,'gas.select',port=2);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=True);n=h.gas_remaining[1];step(h,1);self.assertEqual(h.gas_remaining[1],n);self.assertGreater(h.gas_used[2],0);cleanup(h);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_21_flow_minimum_and_reference_state(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'gas.set_flow',flow_m3_s=50e-6/60);self.rejected(h,'acquisition.start','PURGE_NOT_READY');call(h,'gas.set_flow',flow_m3_s=100e-6/60);call(h,'thermal.set_temperature',temperature_k=313.15,rate_k_s=.1);self.rejected(h,'gas.set_flow','PURGE_FLOW_TOO_LOW',flow_m3_s=0.);call(h,'gas.set_open',opened=False);self.assertFalse(h.thermal_enabled)
+ def test_22_sample_assumptions_and_unknown_reference_atomic(self):
+  h=rt.TaTma450Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+  for kw,err in [({'accept_condition_transfer':False},'CONDITION_TRANSFER'),({'accept_engineering_compliance':False},'MODEL_NOT_ACCEPTED'),({'accept_reference_processing':False},'REFERENCE_PROCESSING'),({'reference_id':'missing'},'INVALID_REFERENCE')]:self.rejected(h,'sample.load',err,**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**kw))
+ def test_23_source_temperature_and_geometry_atomic(self):
+  h=rt.TaTma450Runtime();call(h,'plant.configure',**dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,ambient_k=298.15));self.rejected(h,'sample.load','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);self.rejected(h,'sample.load','INVALID_ARGUMENT',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,length_m=.027));self.rejected(h,'sample.load','INVALID_ARGUMENT',**dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,diameter_m=.011))
+ def test_24_cte_negative_blank_and_external_length(self):
+  h=rt.TaTma450Runtime();a=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.cte']['example_arguments']);a['displacement_m']=[0.,-1e-6,-2e-6];a['blank_m']=[0.,1e-7,2e-7];r=call(h,'analysis.cte',**a);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['linear_cte_k_inv'],-11e-6,places=13);a['initial_length_m']=.02;r=call(h,'analysis.cte',**a);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['linear_cte_k_inv'],-5.5e-6,places=13)
+ def test_25_softening_bracket_and_boundary_null(self):
+  h=rt.TaTma450Runtime();a=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.softening']['example_arguments']);r=call(h,'analysis.softening',**a);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['softening_temperature_k'],330.,places=8);a['displacement_m']=[0.,1e-6,2e-6,3e-6,4e-6,5e-6,6e-6];r=call(h,'analysis.softening',**a);self.assertFalse(r['bracketed']);self.assertIsNone(r['softening_temperature_k'])
+ def test_26_analysis_rejects_missing_reversed_or_bad_windows(self):
+  h=rt.TaTma450Runtime();a=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.cte']['example_arguments']);self.rejected(h,'analysis.cte','ANALYSIS_DATA',**dict(a,blank_m=[0.,0.,0.,0.]));self.rejected(h,'analysis.cte','ANALYSIS_TEMPERATURE_WINDOW',**dict(a,temperature_k=[300.,320.,310.]));self.rejected(h,'analysis.cte','INVALID_ARGUMENT',**dict(a,initial_length_m=0.));b=copy.deepcopy(rt.CAPS['analysis.softening']['example_arguments']);self.rejected(h,'analysis.softening','ANALYSIS_WINDOWS',**dict(b,first_window=[0,4]))
+ def test_27_session_auth_principals_and_no_hidden_state(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();d=s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id);self.assertNotIn('sample.load',d['capabilities']);self.assertNotIn('truth.force_n',d['state_slots']);self.assertNotIn('sample.height_m',d['state_slots']);self.assertNotIn('probe.position_m',d['state_slots']);r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='ledger.read',arguments={},request_id='deny');self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_ids=['truth.force_n'])
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):h.session('fake')
+  with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):s.write(instance_id=h.instance_id,state_id='thermal.target_k',value=350,request_id='w')
+ def test_28_owner_result_poll_cancel(self):
+  h=setup();h.register_principal('other');a=h.session();b=h.session('other');r=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s');op=r['operation_id'];self.assertEqual(r['status'],'accepted')
+  for cap in ['acquisition.result','acquisition.stop']:self.assertEqual(b.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id=cap,arguments={},request_id=cap)['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED')
+  for fn in [lambda:b.poll(op),lambda:b.cancel(op,'x')]:
+   with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):fn()
+  self.assertEqual(a.cancel(op,'c')['status'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(a.poll(op)['status'],'cancelled')
+ def test_29_request_dedup_conflict_and_cancel_idempotence(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();kw=dict(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s');a=s.invoke(**kw);self.assertEqual(a,s.invoke(**kw));self.assertEqual(h._counter,1);self.assertEqual(s.invoke(**dict(kw,capability_id='acquisition.result'))['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');c=s.cancel(a['operation_id'],'c');self.assertEqual(c,s.cancel(a['operation_id'],'c'))
+ def test_30_frozen_previous_operation_and_source(self):
+  h=setup();s=h.session();a=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='1');step(h,.2);s.cancel(a['operation_id'],'cancel');old=s.poll(a['operation_id']);h.reference['name']='mutated';h.operation_source='mutated';step(h,.1);m=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE);m['start_temperature_k']=h.sample_temperature;call(h,'method.configure',**m);b=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='2');self.assertEqual(b['status'],'accepted');self.assertEqual(old,s.poll(a['operation_id']));s.cancel(b['operation_id'],'cancel2')
+ def test_31_fixed_clock_partition_and_two_instance(self):
+  a=setup(instance='a');b=setup(instance='b');call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');step(a,.3)
+  for _ in range(6):step(b,.05)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());before=b.read();step(a,.1);self.assertEqual(before,b.read());self.assertNotEqual(a.time_s,b.time_s)
+ def test_32_sim_step_actual_api_and_zero_noop(self):
+  h=setup();t=h.time_s;r=call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['time_s'],t+.1);before=state(h);call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=0.);self.assertEqual(before,state(h));self.rejected(h,'sim.step','INVALID_ARGUMENT',dt_s=-1.)
+ def test_33_strict_inputs_bool_nan_extra_unknown(self):
+  h=setup()
+  for a in [dict(motor_force_n=True,rate_n_s=.1),dict(motor_force_n=float('nan'),rate_n_s=.1),dict(motor_force_n=.1,rate_n_s=.1,extra=1)]:self.rejected(h,'load.set','INVALID_ARGUMENT',**a)
+  self.rejected(h,'made.up','UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY');self.rejected(h,'plant.configure','INITIALIZATION_ONLY',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_34_em_modes_and_unimplemented_not_false_success(self):
+  h=setup();self.assertIn('isostrain.native',rt.UNSUPPORTED)
+  for cap in rt.UNSUPPORTED:self.rejected(h,cap,'UNSUPPORTED')
+ def test_35_software_stop_and_explicit_reset(self):
+  h=setup();call(h,'acquisition.start');step(h,.2);F=h.force;call(h,'emergency.stop');self.assertEqual(h.error,'SOFTWARE_STOP');self.assertEqual(h.force,F);self.assertFalse(h.gas_open);self.rejected(h,'power.set','EMERGENCY_LATCHED',enabled=True);call(h,'emergency.reset');self.assertFalse(h.emergency);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'failed');self.ledger(h)
+ def test_36_method_atomic_clock_and_timeout(self):
+  h=setup();self.rejected(h,'method.configure','SAMPLE_CLOCK_ALIGNMENT',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,sample_interval_s=.15));self.rejected(h,'method.configure','CONDITION_TRANSFER',**dict(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE,accept_condition_transfer=False));m=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE);m['timeout_s']=.25;call(h,'method.configure',**m);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['error_code'],'TIMEOUT');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],.25,places=9)
+ def test_37_multiple_segments_and_zero_hold(self):
+  h=setup();m=copy.deepcopy(rt.METHOD_EXAMPLE);m['segments']=[dict(m['segments'][0],target_temperature_k=305.65,hold_s=0.),dict(m['segments'][0],target_temperature_k=308.15,hold_s=.3)];call(h,'method.configure',**m);r=run(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['elapsed_s'],2.3,places=8);self.assertEqual(r['rows'][-1]['segment_index'],1);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_38_stiff_heat_capacity_implicit_stable(self):
+  p=dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE,furnace_capacity_j_k=1e-5,fixture_capacity_j_k=1e-7,sample_conductance_w_k=1000.,controller_gain_w_k=1e5);r=rt.coupled_thermal_step(p,303.15,0.,1e-7,.1,310.,True,False,0.,0.,0.,0.,lambda T:0.);self.assertTrue(303.15<=r['sample_k']<=310.);error=r['heater_j']-r['ambient_j']-1e-5*(r['furnace_k']-303.15)-r['sample_energy_j'];self.assertLess(abs(error),1e-9)
+ def test_39_force_domain_failure_keeps_energy_and_can_recover(self):
+  h=setup(sample={'elastic_stiffness_n_m':500.,'retarded_stiffness_n_m':1e10,'maximum_compression_fraction':.1});call(h,'load.set',motor_force_n=1.,rate_n_s=1.);step(h,1);self.assertEqual(h.model_fault,'SAMPLE_COMPRESSION_DOMAIN');self.assertGreater(h._height(),0);self.ledger(h);cleanup(h);self.ledger(h)
+ def test_40_schema_actual_states_returns_and_json(self):
+  h=setup();run(h);meta=h.describe();self.assertEqual(set(h.read()),set(meta['state_slots']))
+  for key,value in h.read().items():rt.validate(meta['state_slots'][key]['value_schema'],value)
+  json.dumps(h.read(),allow_nan=False);json.dumps(call(h,'acquisition.result'),allow_nan=False);self.assertEqual(meta['catalog_id'],'CHEM-134');self.assertEqual(meta['asset_type_id'],'instrument.ta_tma450')
+ def test_41_preconfiguration_and_cold_manual_interlocks(self):
+  h=rt.TaTma450Runtime();h.step(0);call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=.1);self.assertIsNone(h.plant);self.rejected(h,'power.set','NOT_CONFIGURED',enabled=True);call(h,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);self.rejected(h,'probe.move','POWER_OFF',position_m=.02);call(h,'power.set',enabled=True);call(h,'furnace.set',opened=False);self.rejected(h,'sample.load','MECHANISM_MOVING',**rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+ def test_42_force_and_cte_analysis_not_ground_truth_answers(self):
+  h=setup(plant={'frame_drift_m_k':1e-6});r=run(h);a=dict(temperature_k=[x['temperature_k'] for x in r['rows']],displacement_m=[x['displacement_m'] for x in r['rows']],blank_m=[0.]*len(r['rows']),initial_length_m=rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['length_m'],start_index=20,end_index=100);q=call(h,'analysis.cte',**a);self.assertGreater(q['linear_cte_k_inv'],5e-4);a['blank_m']=[1e-6*(x['furnace_k']-r['rows'][0]['furnace_k']) for x in r['rows']];q=call(h,'analysis.cte',**a);self.assertLess(q['linear_cte_k_inv'],3e-4)
+ def test_43_unconfigured_host_clock_then_explicit_configuration(self):
+  a=rt.TaTma450Runtime('idle_a');b=rt.TaTma450Runtime('idle_b');initial=a.read();step(a,.35)
+  for _ in range(7):step(b,.05)
+  self.assertEqual(a.read(),b.read());self.assertAlmostEqual(a.time_s,.3);self.assertIsNone(a.plant);self.assertFalse(a.power);self.assertFalse(a.gases);self.assertEqual(a.gas_used,{1:0.,2:0.});self.assertEqual({k:v for k,v in a.read().items() if k!='clock.time_s'},{k:v for k,v in initial.items() if k!='clock.time_s'});self.rejected(a,'power.set','NOT_CONFIGURED',enabled=True)
+  call(a,'plant.configure',**rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.time_s,.3);step(a,.05);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.time_s,.4);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.sample_temperature,303.15);self.assertIsNone(b.plant);self.assertAlmostEqual(b.time_s,.3);self.ledger(a)
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_thermo_ibrightfl1500.py b/tests/test_asset_thermo_ibrightfl1500.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..322333fa0c31ada250ed2faddc2f186aea1f7e2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_thermo_ibrightfl1500.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1135 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-165 thermo_ibrightfl1500: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_thermo_ibrightfl1500.py
+
+Topics (pipeline.md): set points only write targets, read/describe are pure, rejected preconditions leave the state unchanged, two instances are
+isolated, agent/evaluator truth isolation, conservation (energy ledger, exposure time, photons), real return values validated against the declared
+schemas (asset_tool validate_value), asynchronous completion and cancellation, host-step independence, declared immediate and on_step effects over
+scenario states; plus the imaging physics against the manufacturer data and first principles: 22.5 x 18.0 cm field, 16-bit saturation at 65 535,
+binning 1-8 and 1-2x optical / digital zoom (object-side NA of the 25 mm f/0.95 lens), CCD cooling before capture, FPbase spectra with the FL1500
+filter sets (channel mismatch, EX3/EX4 crosstalk), Smart Exposure to 80 % of full scale, linear quantification of dilution series (fluorescence,
+chemiluminescence, visible Coomassie), chemiluminescent substrate decay and Smart Range HDR, nucleic-acid stain and free-stain background, automatic
+alignment / zoom and the camera lock, band analysis outputs of the user guide (volume, density, local background, Rf, purity, molar mass from a
+marker), faults (LED failure, smudged glass, filter wheel jam, blocked drawer, mains loss during a capture).
+"""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import thermo_ibrightfl1500 as rt  # noqa: E402
+import asset_tool  # noqa: E402
+
+CHECKS, PROCESS_EVIDENCE, REJECTIONS = [], {}, {}
+_META = {}
+INST = 'imager_01'
+
+
+def _meta():
+    if not _META:
+        _META.update(rt.export_thermo_ibrightfl1500_contract_metadata())
+    return _META
+
+
+def _changed(a, b):
+    return json.dumps(a, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(b, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+_orig_invoke = rt.ThermoIbrightFl1500Runtime.invoke
+
+
+def _instrumented_invoke(self, capability_id, **a):
+    """Every successful call is checked against its declared output schema and immediate state effects (a call does not advance time); every
+    rejection code is recorded for the declaration check."""
+    before = self.read('evaluator') if capability_id != 'sim.step' else None
+    t0 = self.t
+    try:
+        out = _orig_invoke(self, capability_id, **a)
+    except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+        REJECTIONS.setdefault(capability_id, set()).add(str(exc))
+        raise
+    meta = _meta()['capabilities'][capability_id]
+    errs = asset_tool.validate_value(out, meta['output_schema'])
+    if errs:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} output violates its schema: {errs[:3]}')
+    if before is not None:
+        assert self.t == t0, capability_id
+        after = self.read('evaluator')
+        undeclared = {k for k in after if _changed(before[k], after[k])} - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(capability_id, []))
+        if undeclared:
+            raise AssertionError(f'{capability_id} changed undeclared state immediately: {sorted(undeclared)}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(capability_id, []).append(dict(arguments=copy.deepcopy(a), result_keys=sorted(out)))
+    return out
+
+
+rt.ThermoIbrightFl1500Runtime.invoke = _instrumented_invoke
+
+
+def check(cid, **detail):
+    CHECKS.append(dict(check=cid, status='passed', **detail))
+
+
+def powered(seed=1, cool=True, **plant):
+    h = rt.ThermoIbrightFl1500Runtime()
+    h.invoke('plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+    h.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+    if cool:
+        h.step(300.0)
+    return h
+
+
+def blot(sid='blot', n=8, label='alexa_fluor_647', base=2.5e-15, factor=2.0, support='pvdf_lf', y=0.020, second=None, W=0.085, H=0.065, **kw):
+    lanes = []
+    for i in range(n):
+        bands = [dict(y_m=y, sigma_m=0.0006, label=label, amount_mol=base * factor ** i)]
+        if second:
+            bands.append(dict(second))
+        lanes.append(dict(x_m=0.008 + 0.0095 * i, width_m=0.006, bands=bands))
+    return dict(sample_id=sid, support=support, width_m=W, height_m=H, lanes=lanes, **kw)
+
+
+def loaded(sample, skew=0.0, seed=1, mode='fluorescent_blots', channels=(('EX3', 'alexa_fluor_647'),), **plant):
+    h = powered(seed, **plant)
+    h.invoke('sample.provide', **sample)
+    h.invoke('drawer.open')
+    h.step(5.0)
+    h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id=sample['sample_id'], skew_rad=skew)
+    h.invoke('drawer.close')
+    h.step(5.0)
+    h.invoke('mode.select', mode=mode)
+    if channels is not None and mode in ('fluorescent_blots', 'universal'):
+        h.invoke('channels.set', channels=[dict(channel=c, dye=d) for c, d in channels])
+    return h
+
+
+def smart_capture(h, hdr=False, smart=True):
+    if smart:
+        h.invoke('smart_exposure.run')
+        h.step(120.0)
+    h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=hdr)
+    h.step(1200.0)
+    return max(h.images)
+
+
+def first_band_volumes(an):
+    return [l['bands'][0]['lbc_volume'] if l['bands'] else None for l in an['lanes']]
+
+
+class ContractAndLibrary(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_identity_and_export(self):
+        meta = rt.export_thermo_ibrightfl1500_contract_metadata()
+        self.assertEqual((rt.ASSET_TYPE_ID, rt.CATALOG_ID), ('instrument.thermo_ibrightfl1500', 'CHEM-165'))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for sname in ('input_schema', 'output_schema'):
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(c[sname]) if hasattr(asset_tool, 'lint_schema') else [], [], (k, sname))
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(c['example_arguments'], c['input_schema']), [], k)
+        self.assertEqual(set(meta['state_slots']), set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, v in rt.SLOTS.items():
+            self.assertFalse(v['origin'] == 'process_truth' and v['visibility'] == 'agent', k)
+        check('export', capabilities=len(meta['capabilities']), slots=len(meta['state_slots']))
+
+    def test_fluorophore_library(self):
+        lib = rt.fluor_lib()
+        S = lib['substances']
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(S), 50)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(S['alexa_fluor_647']['ext_coeff_m2_mol'], 27000.0, delta=1.0)     # 270 000 M-1 cm-1 (FPbase)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(S['alexa_fluor_647']['quantum_yield'], 0.33, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertIn('CC BY-SA', json.dumps(lib['license']))
+        g = rt._grid()
+        self.assertEqual(len(S['alexa_fluor_488']['spectra']['em']), len(g))
+        em = np.array(S['alexa_fluor_488']['spectra']['em'])
+        self.assertTrue(505e-9 < g[int(np.argmax(em))] < 530e-9)                                  # AF488 emission maximum ~517 nm
+        check('library', dyes=len(S))
+
+    def test_optics_geometry(self):
+        g1, g2 = rt.working_geometry(1.0), rt.working_geometry(2.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.SENSOR_PX[0] * g1['object_pixel_m'], 0.225, delta=1e-12)         # 22.5 cm field at zoom 1
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g1['object_pixel_m'], 66.4e-6, delta=0.2e-6)
+        self.assertTrue(0.02 < g1['na'] < 0.04)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g2['collection'] / g1['collection'], 3.6, delta=0.15)               # moving the camera closer collects more light
+        h = powered()
+        self.assertTrue(np.allclose(h.read()['camera.field_of_view_m'], [0.225, 0.18], atol=2e-4))                # 3388 x 2712 pixels: 22.5 x 18.01 cm
+        h.invoke('camera.set', binning=1, zoom=4.0, auto_focus=True, lock=False)
+        fov = h.read()['camera.field_of_view_m']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(fov[0], 0.225 / 4, delta=1e-4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._geometry()['obj_px_m'], g2['object_pixel_m'], delta=1e-12)     # digital zoom crops: pixel size of the 2x optics
+        check('optics', na_zoom1=g1['na'], collection_ratio=g2['collection'] / g1['collection'])
+
+
+class Imaging(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_ccd_cooling_before_capture(self):
+        h = powered(cool=False)
+        h.invoke('mode.select', mode='chemi_blots')
+        self.assertFalse(h.read()['camera.ready'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+        t = 0.0
+        while not h.read()['camera.ready']:
+            h.step(1.0)
+            t += 1.0
+        self.assertTrue(200.0 <= t <= 300.0, t)                                                    # 90 s x ln(30 K / 2 K) = 244 s
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ccd_temperature(), h._room() - rt.CCD_DELTA_K + 2.0, delta=0.05)
+        h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+        check('ccd_cooling', ready_after_s=t)
+
+    def test_fluorescence_dilution_series_and_quantification(self):
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        iid = smart_capture(h)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(len(an['lanes']), 8)
+        v = first_band_volumes(an)
+        for a, b in zip(v, v[1:]):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(b / a, 2.0, delta=0.12)                                          # linear 2-fold series
+        for l in an['lanes']:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(l['bands'][0]['rf'], 0.020 / 0.065, delta=0.01)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(l['bands'][0]['band_purity_pct'], 100.0, delta=1e-9)
+        q = h.invoke('image.quantify', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', standards=[dict(lane=i, band=1, amount_kg=1e-10 * 2 ** (i - 1)) for i in (1, 2, 3)], sensitivity=0.5)
+        est = {u['lane']: u['amount_kg'] for u in q['unknowns']}
+        for lane in range(4, 9):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(est[lane] / (1e-10 * 2 ** (lane - 1)), 1.0, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertEqual({u['flag'] for u in q['unknowns']}, {'above_range'})
+        self.assertGreater(q['r2'], 0.999)
+        check('fluorescence_quant', ratios=[b / a for a, b in zip(v, v[1:])], r2=q['r2'])
+
+    def test_smart_exposure_puts_the_brightest_pixel_near_80_percent(self):
+        for ch, dye in (('EX3', 'alexa_fluor_647'), ('EX2', 'alexa_fluor_555'), ('EX5', 'irdye_800cw')):
+            h = loaded(blot(label=dye), channels=((ch, dye),))
+            iid = smart_capture(h)
+            mx = h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=iid)['channels'][0]['max_adu']
+            self.assertTrue(0.65 * rt.ADC_MAX < mx < 0.95 * rt.ADC_MAX, (ch, mx))
+        check('smart_exposure')
+
+    def test_saturation_and_binning(self):
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=60.0)
+        iid = smart_capture(h, smart=False)
+        r = h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=iid)
+        self.assertGreater(r['channels'][0]['saturated_px'], 0)
+        self.assertTrue(any(w.startswith('saturated_pixels') for w in r['warnings']))
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5)
+        self.assertTrue(an['lanes'][-1]['bands'][0]['saturated'])
+        self.assertFalse(an['lanes'][0]['bands'][0]['saturated'])
+        peaks = {}
+        for b in (1, 2, 4):
+            k = loaded(blot())
+            k.invoke('camera.set', binning=b, zoom=k.camera['zoom'], auto_focus=True, lock=False)
+            k.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=0.5)
+            peaks[b] = k.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=smart_capture(k, smart=False))['channels'][0]['max_adu'] - rt.BIAS_ADU
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(peaks[2] / peaks[1], 4.0, delta=0.6)                                  # binning sums the charge of b x b pixels
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(peaks[4] / peaks[2], 4.0, delta=0.6)
+        check('saturation_binning', peaks=peaks)
+
+    def test_filter_sets_crosstalk_and_mismatch(self):
+        h = loaded(blot(), channels=(('EX3', 'alexa_fluor_647'), ('EX4', 'alexa_fluor_680')))
+        self.assertIn('ex3_ex4_crosstalk', h.records and [] or h.invoke('channels.set', channels=[dict(channel='EX3', dye='alexa_fluor_647'),
+                                                                                                  dict(channel='EX4', dye='alexa_fluor_680')])['warnings'])
+        iid = smart_capture(h)
+        a4 = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='EX4', sensitivity=0.6)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(a4['lanes']), 4)                                                # AF647 bleeds into the EX4/EM4 channel
+        self.assertIn('ex3_ex4_crosstalk', h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=iid)['warnings'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('channels.set', channels=[dict(channel='EX5', dye='alexa_fluor_488')])             # AF488 is not seen through 800-850 nm
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('channels.set', channels=[dict(channel=c, dye=d) for c, d in (('EX1', 'alexa_fluor_488'), ('EX2', 'alexa_fluor_555'), ('EX3', 'alexa_fluor_647'),
+                                                                                  ('EX4', 'alexa_fluor_680'), ('EX5', 'irdye_800cw'))])
+        self.assertGreater(rt.dye_rate('alexa_fluor_647', 'EX3'), 5 * rt.dye_rate('alexa_fluor_647', 'EX1'))
+        check('filters')
+
+    def test_chemiluminescence_decay_and_hdr(self):
+        s = blot(label='hrp', base=1e-18, factor=3.0, support='nitrocellulose', substrate='supersignal_west_pico_plus')
+        h = loaded(s, mode='chemi_blots')
+        h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='CHEMI', exposure_s=10.0)
+        plain = smart_capture(h, smart=False)
+        h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=True)
+        h.step(600.0)
+        hdr = max(h.images)
+        rp, rh = h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=plain), h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=hdr)
+        self.assertGreater(rp['channels'][0]['saturated_px'], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(rh['channels'][0]['saturated_px'], 0)                                      # Smart Range HDR: no saturated pixels, still 16-bit
+        vh = first_band_volumes(h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=hdr, channel='CHEMI', sensitivity=0.7))
+        strong = [x for x in vh if x][-3:]
+        for a, b in zip(strong, strong[1:]):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(b / a, 3.0, delta=0.25)                                           # linear across the lanes that saturate without HDR
+        k = loaded(s, mode='chemi_blots')
+        k.invoke('exposure.set', channel='CHEMI', exposure_s=1.0)
+        i1 = smart_capture(k, smart=False)
+        t1 = k.images[i1]['captured_s']
+        early = k.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=i1, channel='CHEMI', sensitivity=0.7)
+        k.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        i2 = smart_capture(k, smart=False)
+        late = k.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=i2, channel='CHEMI', sensitivity=0.7)
+        self.assertEqual(k.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=i1)['channels'][0]['saturated_px'], 0)
+        e, l = first_band_volumes(early)[-1], first_band_volumes(late)[-1]
+        expect = math.exp(-(k.images[i2]['captured_s'] - t1) / rt.SUBSTRATE_TAU_S['supersignal_west_pico_plus'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(l / e, expect, delta=0.04)                                          # substrate decay
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            loaded(blot()).invoke('capture.run', hdr=True)
+        check('chemi', decay=l / e)
+
+    def test_visible_coomassie_gel_and_marker_molar_mass(self):
+        mk = [250, 150, 100, 75, 50, 37, 25, 20, 15, 10]
+        rf = [0.08, 0.15, 0.22, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.62, 0.70, 0.80, 0.90]
+        lanes = [dict(x_m=0.008, width_m=0.005, bands=[dict(y_m=0.068 * f, sigma_m=0.0006, label='coomassie_r250', amount_kg=0.5e-9, molar_mass_kg_mol=float(k))
+                                                         for k, f in zip(mk, rf)])]
+        for i in range(1, 6):
+            lanes.append(dict(x_m=0.008 + 0.0085 * i, width_m=0.005, bands=[dict(y_m=0.068 * 0.35, sigma_m=0.0007, label='coomassie_r250', amount_kg=0.1e-9 * i)]))
+        h = loaded(dict(sample_id='gel', support='polyacrylamide_gel', width_m=0.086, height_m=0.068, lanes=lanes), mode='protein_gels')
+        iid = smart_capture(h)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='VISIBLE', sensitivity=0.6, marker_lane=1, marker_molar_mass_kg_mol=[float(k) for k in mk])
+        self.assertTrue(an['inverted'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(an['lanes']), 6)
+        self.assertEqual(len(an['lanes'][0]['bands']), 10)
+        v = first_band_volumes(an)[1:]
+        self.assertTrue(all(b > a for a, b in zip(v, v[1:])))                                        # absorbed light grows with the stained mass
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v[1] / v[0], 2.0, delta=0.2)
+        for l in an['lanes'][1:]:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(l['bands'][0]['molar_mass_kg_mol'], 10 ** (math.log10(75) + 0.5 * math.log10(50 / 75)), delta=2.0)
+        check('coomassie', volumes=v)
+
+    def test_nucleic_acid_gel_and_free_stain(self):
+        lanes = [dict(x_m=0.008 + 0.0095 * i, width_m=0.006, bands=[dict(y_m=0.030, sigma_m=0.0008, label='sybr_safe', amount_kg=2e-12 * (i + 1))]) for i in range(6)]   # 2-12 ng DNA
+        clean = loaded(dict(sample_id='dna', support='agarose_gel', width_m=0.07, height_m=0.065, lanes=lanes), mode='nucleic_acid_gels')
+        dirty = loaded(dict(sample_id='dna', support='agarose_gel', width_m=0.07, height_m=0.065, lanes=lanes, free_stain_mol_m2=2e-8), mode='nucleic_acid_gels')
+        for h in (clean, dirty):
+            h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='GREEN_TRANS', exposure_s=0.5)
+        ic, idr = smart_capture(clean, smart=False), smart_capture(dirty, smart=False)
+        mc, md = clean.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=ic), dirty.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=idr)
+        self.assertGreater(md['channels'][0]['mean_adu'], mc['channels'][0]['mean_adu'] + 20)           # unbound stain raises the gel background
+        an = clean.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=ic, channel='GREEN_TRANS', sensitivity=0.6)
+        v = first_band_volumes(an)
+        self.assertEqual(len(v), 6)
+        for i in range(1, 6):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(v[i] / v[0], i + 1, delta=0.15 * (i + 1))
+        check('nucleic_acid', background_clean=mc['channels'][0]['mean_adu'], background_free_stain=md['channels'][0]['mean_adu'])
+
+    def test_auto_align_zoom_and_lock(self):
+        h = loaded(blot(), skew=0.12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.stage_angle, 0.12, delta=1e-12)                                    # the stage squares the sample
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('evaluator')['truth.sample_skew_rad'], 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.camera['zoom'], 2.0, delta=1e-12)                                  # a mini blot fills the 2x field
+        big = loaded(blot(W=0.15, H=0.11), skew=0.0)
+        self.assertTrue(1.0 < big.camera['zoom'] < 1.5, big.camera['zoom'])
+        k = loaded(blot(), skew=0.25)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(k.stage_angle, rt.STAGE_ROT_RAD, delta=1e-12)                        # at most 10 deg
+        iid = smart_capture(k)
+        self.assertIn('sample_skewed', k.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=iid)['warnings'])
+        k.invoke('camera.set', binning=2, zoom=1.5, auto_focus=True, lock=True)
+        k.invoke('drawer.open')
+        k.step(5.0)
+        k.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='blot')
+        k.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='blot', skew_rad=0.0)
+        k.invoke('drawer.close')
+        k.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual((k.camera['zoom'], k.stage_angle), (1.5, rt.STAGE_ROT_RAD))                 # locked: no auto rotation / zoom (user guide p.14)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            k.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=3.0)
+        h.invoke('drawer.open')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='blot', skew_rad=0.0)                                  # already on the stage
+        big2 = powered()
+        big2.invoke('sample.provide', **blot(sid='huge', W=0.22, H=0.17))
+        big2.invoke('drawer.open')
+        big2.step(5.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            big2.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='huge', skew_rad=0.3)                             # beyond the 24 x 20 cm glass when skewed
+        big2.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='huge', skew_rad=0.0)
+        check('auto_align', zoom_big=big.camera['zoom'])
+
+    def test_faults(self):
+        base = loaded(blot())
+        base.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=2.0)
+        ref = base.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=smart_capture(base, smart=False))['channels'][0]
+        led = loaded(blot())
+        led.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=2.0)
+        led.invoke('fault.inject', fault='led_failure', active=True)
+        dark = led.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=smart_capture(led, smart=False))['channels'][0]
+        self.assertLess(dark['max_adu'], rt.BIAS_ADU + 50)
+        sm = loaded(blot())
+        sm.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=2.0)
+        sm.invoke('fault.inject', fault='stage_smudge', active=True)
+        smr = sm.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=smart_capture(sm, smart=False))['channels'][0]
+        self.assertGreater(smr['min_adu'], ref['min_adu'])
+        fj = loaded(blot())
+        fj.invoke('fault.inject', fault='filter_wheel_jam', active=True)
+        fj.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+        fj.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual(list(fj.records.values())[-1]['status'], 'failed')
+        self.assertEqual(fj.images, {})
+        db = loaded(blot())
+        db.invoke('fault.inject', fault='drawer_blocked', active=True)
+        db.invoke('drawer.open')
+        db.step(10.0)
+        self.assertEqual((db.drawer['state'], db.read()['drawer.y_m']), ('stopped', 0.0))
+        pl = loaded(blot())
+        pl.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=20.0)
+        pl.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+        pl.step(5.0)
+        pl.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        self.assertEqual((list(pl.records.values())[-1]['status'], pl.images), ('failed', {}))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            pl.invoke('power.set', enabled=True)
+        pl.step(900.0)
+        pl.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        self.assertTrue(pl.power)
+        self.assertFalse(pl.read()['camera.ready'])                                                 # the CCD warmed while off
+        check('faults', ref_min=ref['min_adu'], smudge_min=smr['min_adu'])
+
+
+class ReviewRound1(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Behaviour fixed after the independent runtime review round 1 (F-01 ... F-M09)."""
+
+    def test_stopped_drawer_state_is_declared(self):
+        for how in ('blocked', 'power'):
+            h = loaded(blot())
+            h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+            if how == 'blocked':
+                h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='drawer_blocked', active=True)
+            h.invoke('drawer.open')
+            h.step(2.0)
+            if how == 'power':
+                h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+            h.step(5.0)
+            obs = h.session('ag').read(instance_id=INST)['observations']
+            self.assertEqual(obs['drawer.state']['value'], 'stopped')
+            for k, o in obs.items():
+                self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(o['value'], _meta()['state_slots'][k]['value_schema']), [], k)
+        check('stopped_state')
+
+    def test_hdr_is_linear_and_not_flagged_saturated(self):
+        lanes = [dict(x_m=0.02, width_m=0.006, bands=[dict(y_m=0.03, sigma_m=0.0007, label='hrp', amount_mol=1e-16)]),
+                 dict(x_m=0.05, width_m=0.006, bands=[dict(y_m=0.03, sigma_m=0.0007, label='hrp', amount_mol=1e-18)])]
+        h = loaded(dict(sample_id='c', support='nitrocellulose', width_m=0.086, height_m=0.068, lanes=lanes, substrate='supersignal_west_pico_plus'), mode='chemi_blots')
+        h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='CHEMI', exposure_s=600.0)
+        h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=True)
+        h.step(700.0)
+        iid = max(h.images)
+        r = h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=iid)['channels'][0]
+        self.assertLess(r['max_adu'], rt.ADC_MAX)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='CHEMI', sensitivity=0.7)
+        self.assertEqual(len(an['lanes']), 2)
+        self.assertFalse(any(b['saturated'] for l in an['lanes'] for b in l['bands']))
+        v = first_band_volumes(an)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v[0] / v[1], 100.0, delta=8.0)                                        # linear across two decades
+        self.assertIn('frame_from_live_view', an['warnings'])                                      # no membrane channel: the live-view outline
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(an['lanes'][0]['bands'][0]['rf'], 0.03 / 0.068, delta=0.02)
+        check('hdr', ratio=v[0] / v[1])
+
+    def test_visible_white_clipping_is_flagged(self):
+        lanes = [dict(x_m=0.01 + 0.012 * i, width_m=0.006, bands=[dict(y_m=0.03, sigma_m=0.0007, label='coomassie_r250', amount_kg=0.5e-9 * 2 ** i)]) for i in range(5)]
+        h = loaded(dict(sample_id='g', support='polyacrylamide_gel', width_m=0.086, height_m=0.068, lanes=lanes), mode='protein_gels')
+        ok = h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=smart_capture(h, smart=False))['channels'][0]       # default visible exposure
+        self.assertLess(ok['saturated_fraction'], 0.01)
+        h.invoke('smart_exposure.run')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        t = h.exposure['VISIBLE']
+        h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='VISIBLE', exposure_s=2.0 * t)
+        iid = smart_capture(h, smart=False)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='VISIBLE', sensitivity=0.6)
+        self.assertIn('saturated_bands', an['warnings'])
+        self.assertTrue(any(b['saturated'] for l in an['lanes'] for b in l['bands']))
+        check('white_clip')
+
+    def test_narrow_lane_gaps_and_empty_lanes(self):
+        for w, g, n in ((5.3, 2.2, 10), (3.4, 1.6, 15)):
+            lanes = [dict(x_m=0.004 + w / 2e3 + i * (w + g) / 1e3, width_m=w / 1e3, bands=[dict(y_m=0.02, sigma_m=0.0006, label='alexa_fluor_647', amount_mol=1e-14)])
+                     for i in range(n)]
+            h = loaded(dict(sample_id='b', support='pvdf_lf', width_m=lanes[-1]['x_m'] + w / 2e3 + 0.004, height_m=0.065, lanes=lanes))
+            an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=smart_capture(h), channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5)
+            self.assertEqual(len(an['lanes']), n, (w, g))
+            v = first_band_volumes(an)
+            self.assertLess(max(v) / min(v), 1.1)
+        lanes = [dict(x_m=0.008 + 0.0095 * i, width_m=0.006, bands=([] if i in (1, 3) else [dict(y_m=0.02, sigma_m=0.0006, label='alexa_fluor_647', amount_mol=1e-14)]))
+                 for i in range(6)]
+        h = loaded(dict(sample_id='e', support='pvdf_lf', width_m=0.065, height_m=0.065, lanes=lanes))
+        iid = smart_capture(h)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5)
+        self.assertEqual([len(l['bands']) for l in an['lanes']], [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1])                 # physical order, empty lanes kept
+        cen = [l['x_m'] for l in an['lanes']]
+        an2 = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5, lane_centres_m=cen[:3])
+        self.assertEqual(len(an2['lanes']), 3)
+        self.assertIn('lanes_from_user', an2['warnings'])
+        check('lanes')
+
+    def test_template_source_lists_only_the_chosen_dyes(self):
+        lanes = [dict(x_m=0.02, width_m=0.006, bands=[dict(y_m=0.02, sigma_m=0.0006, label='alexa_fluor_647', amount_mol=1e-14)]),
+                 dict(x_m=0.04, width_m=0.006, bands=[dict(y_m=0.02, sigma_m=0.0006, label='alexa_fluor_790', amount_mol=1e-14)])]
+        h = loaded(dict(sample_id='hid', support='pvdf_lf', width_m=0.06, height_m=0.065, lanes=lanes))
+        r = h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=smart_capture(h))
+        self.assertEqual(r['template_source'], ['fluorophore_library.json#alexa_fluor_647'])
+        check('template_source')
+
+    def test_pixel_integration_and_zoom_independence(self):
+        vols = []
+        for dy in (0.0, 0.1e-3, 0.2e-3, 0.3e-3):
+            lanes = [dict(x_m=0.03, width_m=0.006, bands=[dict(y_m=0.03 + dy, sigma_m=0.0001, label='alexa_fluor_647', amount_mol=1e-14)])]
+            h = loaded(dict(sample_id='n', support='pvdf_lf', width_m=0.06, height_m=0.065, lanes=lanes))
+            h.invoke('camera.set', binning=2, zoom=1.0, auto_focus=True, lock=False)
+            h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=1.0)
+            vols.append(first_band_volumes(h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=smart_capture(h, smart=False), channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5))[0])
+        self.assertLess(max(vols) / min(vols), 1.08)                                                  # narrow bands no longer alias
+        vz = {}
+        for zoom in (2.0, 8.0):
+            lanes = [dict(x_m=0.03, width_m=0.006, bands=[dict(y_m=0.03, sigma_m=0.0006, label='alexa_fluor_647', amount_mol=2e-15)])]
+            h = loaded(dict(sample_id='z', support='pvdf_lf', width_m=0.06, height_m=0.065, lanes=lanes))
+            h.invoke('camera.set', binning=2, zoom=zoom, auto_focus=True, lock=False)
+            h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=1.0)
+            vz[zoom] = first_band_volumes(h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=smart_capture(h, smart=False), channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5))[0]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vz[8.0] / vz[2.0], 1.0, delta=0.12)                                   # digital zoom only crops
+        check('pixel_integration', aliasing=max(vols) / min(vols), zoom_ratio=vz[8.0] / vz[2.0])
+
+    def test_fault_mid_capture_leaves_earlier_channels(self):
+        h = loaded(blot(), channels=(('EX3', 'alexa_fluor_647'), ('EX1', 'alexa_fluor_488')))
+        for c in ('EX3', 'EX1'):
+            h.invoke('exposure.set', channel=c, exposure_s=10.0)
+        h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+        h.step(12.0)                                                                                  # EX3 read out at 11.5 s
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='led_failure', active=True)
+        h.step(20.0)
+        r = {c['channel']: c for c in h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=max(h.images))['channels']}
+        self.assertGreater(r['EX3']['max_adu'], 10 * rt.BIAS_ADU)
+        self.assertLess(r['EX1']['max_adu'], rt.BIAS_ADU + 60)
+        check('fault_mid_capture')
+
+    def test_gallery_delete_ledger_export_and_smart_target(self):
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        L0 = h.ledger()
+        h.invoke('smart_exposure.run')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        L1 = h.ledger()
+        self.assertGreater(L1['exposure_time_s'], L0['exposure_time_s'])                              # test shots are booked
+        self.assertGreater(L1['led_energy_j'], L0['led_energy_j'])
+        h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=20.0)
+        h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+        h.step(1.5 + 5.0)
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        L2 = h.ledger()
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        L3 = h.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L3['led_energy_j'] - L2['led_energy_j'], rt.POWER_LED_W * 5.0, delta=1e-6)   # the exposed part of the aborted capture
+        k = loaded(blot())
+        iid = smart_capture(k)
+        mx = k.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=iid)['channels'][0]['max_adu']
+        self.assertTrue(0.75 * rt.ADC_MAX < mx < 0.9 * rt.ADC_MAX, mx)
+        a16 = k.invoke('image.export', image_id=iid, fmt='tiff', analysis_16bit=True)['bytes']
+        pub = k.invoke('image.export', image_id=iid, fmt='tiff', analysis_16bit=False)['bytes']
+        r = k.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=iid)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(pub, 3 * r['width_px'] * r['height_px'] + 8192, delta=1)               # 24-bit publication composite
+        self.assertNotEqual(a16, pub)
+        k.invoke('image.delete', image_id=iid)
+        self.assertEqual(k.images, {})
+        self.assertIsNone(k.read()['result.last_image_id'])
+        big = powered()
+        big.invoke('sample.provide', **blot(sid='wide', W=0.235, H=0.19))
+        check('gallery_ledger_export')
+
+
+def chemi(amounts, spacing=0.023, x0=0.02):
+    lanes = [dict(x_m=x0 + spacing * i, width_m=0.006, bands=[dict(y_m=0.03, sigma_m=0.0007, label='hrp', amount_mol=a)]) for i, a in enumerate(amounts)]
+    return dict(sample_id='c', support='nitrocellulose', width_m=0.086, height_m=0.068, lanes=lanes, substrate='supersignal_west_pico_plus')
+
+
+class ReviewRound2(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the round-2 review findings (F2-01 ... F2-08)."""
+
+    def test_resolved_bands_are_split_at_the_valley(self):
+        for gap in (2.4e-3, 3.0e-3, 3.6e-3):                                                            # 4, 5, 6 sigma
+            s = dict(sample_id='two', support='pvdf_lf', width_m=0.086, height_m=0.068, lanes=[dict(x_m=0.043, width_m=0.006, bands=[
+                dict(y_m=0.030, sigma_m=0.0006, label='alexa_fluor_647', amount_mol=1e-14), dict(y_m=0.030 + gap, sigma_m=0.0006, label='alexa_fluor_647', amount_mol=1e-14)])])
+            h = loaded(s)
+            b = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=smart_capture(h), channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5)['lanes'][0]['bands']
+            self.assertEqual(len(b), 2, gap)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(b[0]['lbc_volume'] / b[1]['lbc_volume'], 1.0, delta=0.12)
+        mk = [250, 150, 100, 75, 50, 37, 25, 20, 15, 10]                                                # the reviewer's marker spacing (2.9-6.7 mm)
+        ys = [0.006]
+        for d in (6.66, 5.28, 3.75, 5.28, 3.92, 5.11, 2.91, 3.75, 5.28):
+            ys.append(ys[-1] + d * 1e-3)
+        y60 = ys[3] + (math.log10(75) - math.log10(60)) / (math.log10(75) - math.log10(50)) * (ys[4] - ys[3])
+        lanes = [dict(x_m=0.010, width_m=0.005, bands=[dict(y_m=y, sigma_m=0.0006, label='coomassie_r250', amount_kg=0.5e-9) for y in ys]),
+                 dict(x_m=0.020, width_m=0.005, bands=[dict(y_m=y60, sigma_m=0.0006, label='coomassie_r250', amount_kg=0.5e-9)])]
+        h = loaded(dict(sample_id='gel', support='polyacrylamide_gel', width_m=0.086, height_m=0.068, lanes=lanes), mode='protein_gels')
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=smart_capture(h), channel='VISIBLE', sensitivity=0.6, marker_lane=1, marker_molar_mass_kg_mol=[float(k) for k in mk])
+        self.assertEqual(len(an['lanes'][0]['bands']), 10)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(an['lanes'][1]['bands'][0]['molar_mass_kg_mol'], 60.0, delta=4.0)
+        check('band_resolution', gaps_mm=[2.4, 3.0, 3.6])
+
+    def test_room_change_during_an_exposure(self):
+        def run(dT, at):
+            h = loaded(chemi((1e-16,)), mode='chemi_blots')
+            h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='CHEMI', exposure_s=600.0)
+            h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+            h.step(at)
+            if dT:
+                h.invoke('plant.configure', room_k=rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE['room_k'] + dT, mains_voltage_v=230.0, noise_seed=1)
+            h.step(700.0)
+            self.assertIsNone(h.op)
+            self.assertEqual(len(h.images), 1)
+            return h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=max(h.images))['channels'][0]['mean_adu']
+        m0 = run(0.0, 300.0)
+        self.assertLess(abs(run(-1.0, 300.0) - m0), 3.0)                                               # the room change does not create dark charge
+        self.assertLess(abs(run(-10.0, 595.0) - m0), 3.0)
+        warm = run(+5.0, 100.0)                                                                         # warmer room: warmer CCD, a little more dark charge
+        self.assertTrue(m0 < warm < m0 + 40.0, (m0, warm))
+        check('room_change_mid_exposure', mean_adu=m0, warm=warm)
+
+    def test_user_lane_centres_are_validated(self):
+        h = loaded(blot(n=6))
+        iid = smart_capture(h)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5)
+        fw = an['frame_m'][2] - an['frame_m'][0]
+        xs = [l['x_m'] for l in an['lanes']]
+        for bad, code in (([0.01, 0.02, fw + 0.01], 'LANE_OUTSIDE_FRAME'), ([0.02, 0.02], 'LANES_OVERLAP'), ([0.02, 0.0205], 'LANES_OVERLAP')):
+            for cap_ in ('image.analyze', 'image.quantify'):
+                kw = dict(standards=[dict(lane=1, band=1, amount_kg=1e-10), dict(lane=2, band=1, amount_kg=2e-10)]) if cap_ == 'image.quantify' else {}
+                with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected) as cm:
+                    h.invoke(cap_, image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5, lane_centres_m=bad, **kw)
+                self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), code)
+        srt = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5, lane_centres_m=xs)
+        uns = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5, lane_centres_m=list(reversed(xs)))
+        self.assertIn('lane_centres_sorted', uns['warnings'])
+        self.assertEqual([l['width_m'] for l in srt['lanes']], [l['width_m'] for l in uns['lanes']])
+        self.assertGreater(min(l['width_m'] for l in srt['lanes']), 0.004)
+        vol = lambda a: [l['total_lane_volume'] for l in a['lanes']]                                    # noqa: E731
+        self.assertEqual(vol(srt), vol(uns))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(sum(vol(srt)) / sum(vol(an)), 1.0, delta=0.05)
+        check('lane_centres_validation')
+
+    def test_image_delete_ownership_power_busy_and_events(self):
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        for n, v in (('a', 'agent'), ('b', 'agent'), ('ev', 'evaluator')):
+            h.register_principal(n, v)
+        a, b, ev = h.session('a'), h.session('b'), h.session('ev')
+
+        def shoot(s, rid):
+            r = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='capture.run', arguments=dict(hdr=False), request_id=rid)
+            h.step(60.0)
+            return s.poll(r['operation_id'])['result']['image_id']
+
+        def delete(s, iid, rid):
+            return s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='image.delete', arguments=dict(image_id=iid), request_id=rid)
+        ia, ie = shoot(a, 'ca'), shoot(ev, 'ce')
+        self.assertEqual(delete(a, ie, 'd1')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')                          # evaluator images are read-only for agents
+        self.assertEqual(delete(b, ia, 'd2')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        a.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='capture.run', arguments=dict(hdr=False), request_id='c2')
+        self.assertEqual(delete(a, ia, 'd3')['error']['code'], 'BUSY')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(delete(a, ia, 'd4')['status'], 'succeeded')
+        seen_b = [e['message_zh'] for e in b.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e')['result']['events']]
+        seen_ev = [e['message_zh'] for e in ev.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='e')['result']['events']]
+        self.assertFalse([m for m in seen_b if ia in m])
+        self.assertTrue([m for m in seen_ev if ia in m and '删除' in m])
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual(delete(ev, ie, 'd5')['error']['code'], 'POWER_OFF')
+        check('image_delete_rules')
+
+    def test_lbc_does_not_depend_on_digital_zoom(self):
+        s = dict(sample_id='z', support='pvdf_lf', width_m=0.086, height_m=0.068, lanes=[dict(x_m=0.043, width_m=0.005, bands=[dict(y_m=0.034, sigma_m=0.0006, label='alexa_fluor_647', amount_mol=2e-15)])])
+        res = {}
+        for z in (2.0, 8.0):
+            v = []
+            for seed in (1, 2, 3):
+                h = loaded(s, seed=seed)
+                h.invoke('camera.set', binning=2, zoom=z, auto_focus=True, lock=False)
+                h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+                h.step(60.0)
+                an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=max(h.images), channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5)
+                v.append(max(an['lanes'][0]['bands'], key=lambda q: q['lbc_volume'])['lbc_volume'])
+            res[z] = float(np.mean(v))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(res[8.0] / res[2.0], 1.0, delta=0.04)
+        check('lbc_zoom', ratio=res[8.0] / res[2.0])
+
+    def test_hdr_keeps_the_faint_lane_and_reports_its_scale(self):
+        h = loaded(chemi((1e-15, 1e-18, 1e-19)), mode='chemi_blots')
+        h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='CHEMI', exposure_s=600.0)
+        h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=True)
+        h.step(700.0)
+        iid = max(h.images)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='CHEMI', sensitivity=0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(len(an['lanes']), 3)
+        mr = h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=iid)
+        self.assertTrue(0.0 < mr['hdr_scale'] < 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(an['hdr_scale'], mr['hdr_scale'])
+        check('hdr_faint_lane', hdr_scale=mr['hdr_scale'])
+
+    def test_large_dna_ladders_are_accepted(self):
+        bp = [10000, 8000, 6000, 5000, 4000, 3000, 2000, 1500, 1000, 500]
+        lanes = [dict(x_m=0.010, width_m=0.006, bands=[dict(y_m=0.006 + 0.005 * i, sigma_m=0.0007, label='sybr_safe', amount_kg=20e-12) for i in range(len(bp))])]
+        h = loaded(dict(sample_id='dna', support='agarose_gel', width_m=0.07, height_m=0.065, lanes=lanes), mode='nucleic_acid_gels')
+        h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='GREEN_TRANS', exposure_s=0.5)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=smart_capture(h, smart=False), channel='GREEN_TRANS', sensitivity=0.5, marker_lane=1,
+                      marker_molar_mass_kg_mol=[0.650 * n for n in bp])
+        self.assertEqual(an['lanes'][0]['bands'][0]['molar_mass_kg_mol'], 6500.0)
+        check('dna_ladder_10kb')
+
+    def test_fault_timing_in_ledger_and_smart_exposure(self):
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        h.register_principal('ev', 'evaluator')
+        ev = h.session('ev')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='led_failure', active=True)
+        h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=20.0)
+        r = ev.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='capture.run', arguments=dict(hdr=False), request_id='c')
+        h.step(rt.CAPTURE_OVERHEAD_S + 3.0)
+        led0 = h.ledger()['led_energy_j']
+        ev.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'x')
+        self.assertEqual(h.ledger()['led_energy_j'], led0)                                             # a failed LED books no energy
+        ok, bad = loaded(blot()), loaded(blot())
+        for k in (ok, bad):
+            k.invoke('smart_exposure.run')
+        bad.step(0.2)
+        bad.invoke('fault.inject', fault='led_failure', active=True)                                   # before the first test shot
+        for k in (ok, bad):
+            k.step(120.0)
+        rec = lambda k: k.records[max(k.records)]                                                       # noqa: E731
+        self.assertNotIn('weak_signal:EX3', rec(ok)['warnings'])
+        self.assertIn('weak_signal:EX3', rec(bad)['warnings'])
+        self.assertGreater(rec(bad)['recommended_exposure_s']['EX3'], 10 * rec(ok)['recommended_exposure_s']['EX3'])
+        check('fault_timing')
+
+
+class ReviewRound3(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the round-3 review findings (F3-01 ... F3-04)."""
+
+    def test_edge_lane_centre_keeps_a_finite_lane(self):
+        h = loaded(blot(n=4))
+        h.invoke('camera.set', binning=2, zoom=1.0, auto_focus=True, lock=False)
+        h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=max(h.images), channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5, lane_centres_m=[0.0, 0.0012])   # schema-checked by the wrapper
+        self.assertTrue(all(l['width_m'] > 0 and math.isfinite(l['background_volume']) for l in an['lanes']))
+        check('edge_lane_finite')
+
+    def test_equal_bands_share_the_valley_row(self):
+        s = dict(sample_id='two', support='pvdf_lf', width_m=0.086, height_m=0.068, lanes=[dict(x_m=0.043, width_m=0.006, bands=[
+            dict(y_m=0.030, sigma_m=0.0006, label='alexa_fluor_647', amount_mol=1e-14), dict(y_m=0.030 + 3.5 * 0.0006, sigma_m=0.0006, label='alexa_fluor_647', amount_mol=1e-14)])])
+        ratios = []
+        for seed in (1, 2, 3):
+            h = loaded(s, seed=seed)
+            b = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=smart_capture(h), channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5)['lanes'][0]['bands']
+            self.assertEqual(len(b), 2)
+            ratios.append(b[0]['lbc_volume'] / b[1]['lbc_volume'])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(float(np.mean(ratios)), 1.0, delta=0.06)
+        check('valley_row_shared', ratio=float(np.mean(ratios)))
+
+    def test_many_room_declarations_during_an_exposure(self):
+        def run(n):
+            h = loaded(chemi((1e-16,)), mode='chemi_blots')
+            h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='CHEMI', exposure_s=600.0)
+            h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+            for _ in range(n):
+                h.step(5.0)
+                h.invoke('plant.configure', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)                                         # the same room re-declared: a new CCD piece each time
+            h.step(700.0)
+            return h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=max(h.images))['channels'][0]['mean_adu']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(run(100), run(0), delta=0.05)                                           # trapezoid rule per piece: numerical difference only
+        check('ccd_history_pieces', pieces=100)
+
+    def test_no_band_below_its_local_background(self):
+        h = loaded(blot(n=3))
+        iid = smart_capture(h)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=1.0, lane_centres_m=[0.050, 0.060, 0.070, 0.080])   # empty columns
+        self.assertTrue(all(b['lbc_volume'] > 0 for l in an['lanes'] for b in l['bands']))
+        check('no_negative_bands')
+
+
+class ReviewRound4(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Regression tests for the round-4 review findings (F4-03 ... F4-05)."""
+
+    def test_degenerate_standard_curve_is_refused(self):
+        h = loaded(blot(n=4))
+        iid = smart_capture(h)
+        for amounts in ((0.0, 1e-300), (0.0, 1e-200), (0.0, 5e-324)):                              # a finite (schema-checked) fit or a declared refusal, never a crash
+            try:
+                r = h.invoke('image.quantify', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5,
+                             standards=[dict(lane=1, band=1, amount_kg=amounts[0]), dict(lane=2, band=1, amount_kg=amounts[1])])
+                self.assertTrue(math.isfinite(r['slope']) and math.isfinite(r['intercept']))
+            except rt.ActionRejected as exc:
+                self.assertEqual(str(exc), 'ANALYSIS_FAILED')
+        ok = h.invoke('image.quantify', image_id=iid, channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5, standards=[dict(lane=1, band=1, amount_kg=1e-10), dict(lane=2, band=1, amount_kg=2e-10)])
+        self.assertTrue(math.isfinite(ok['slope']))
+        check('degenerate_standards')
+
+    def test_clipped_lanes_do_not_overlap(self):
+        h = loaded(blot(n=4))
+        h.invoke('camera.set', binning=8, zoom=1.0, auto_focus=True, lock=False)
+        h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        an = h.invoke('image.analyze', image_id=max(h.images), channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5, lane_centres_m=[0.0, 0.001, 0.02])
+        edges = [(l['x_m'] - l['width_m'] / 2, l['x_m'] + l['width_m'] / 2) for l in an['lanes']]
+        self.assertTrue(all(b0 >= a1 - 1e-12 for (a0, a1), (b0, b1) in zip(edges, edges[1:])))
+        check('lanes_not_overlapping')
+
+    def test_power_toggles_at_one_instant_keep_one_ccd_piece(self):
+        h = powered()
+        n0 = len(h.ccd_hist)
+        for _ in range(200):
+            h.invoke('power.press_switch')
+        self.assertLessEqual(len(h.ccd_hist), n0 + 1)
+        check('ccd_pieces_bounded')
+
+
+class Framework(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_read_describe_pure_and_clock(self):
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        v0 = h.read('evaluator')
+        h.session('ag').describe(instance_id=INST)
+        h.session('ag').read(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True), json.dumps(v0, sort_keys=True))
+        t = h.invoke('sim.step', dt_s=2.25)['time_s']
+        self.assertEqual(t, h.t)
+        check('pure_reads')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independent(self):
+        def run(splits):
+            h = powered(seed=4, cool=False)
+            h.invoke('sample.provide', **blot())
+            for dt in splits(300.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('drawer.open')
+            for dt in splits(5.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('sample.place', sample_id='blot', skew_rad=0.03)
+            h.invoke('drawer.close')
+            for dt in splits(2.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            v_mid = h.read('evaluator')
+            for dt in splits(3.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('mode.select', mode='fluorescent_blots')
+            h.invoke('channels.set', channels=[dict(channel='EX3', dye='alexa_fluor_647')])
+            h.invoke('smart_exposure.run')
+            for dt in splits(30.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+            for dt in splits(40.0):
+                h.step(dt)
+            return h, v_mid
+        a, am = run(lambda T: [T])
+        b, bm = run(lambda T: [T / 8] * 8)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(am, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(bm, sort_keys=True))
+        for k, v in a.read('evaluator').items():
+            w = b.read('evaluator')[k]
+            if isinstance(v, float):
+                self.assertAlmostEqual(v, w, delta=1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(v)), msg=k)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(v, w, k)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(a.records, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(b.records, sort_keys=True))
+        self.assertTrue(np.array_equal(a.images['IMG0001']['channels'][0]['img'], b.images['IMG0001']['channels'][0]['img']))
+        la, lb = a.ledger(), b.ledger()
+        for k in la:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(la[k], lb[k], delta=1e-9 * max(1.0, abs(la[k])), msg=k)
+        check('step_partition')
+
+    def test_energy_and_exposure_ledger(self):
+        h = powered(cool=False)
+        h.step(3600.0)
+        L = h.ledger()
+        cool = rt.POWER_COOL_W * rt.CCD_TAU_S * (1 - math.exp(-3600.0 / rt.CCD_TAU_S))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['electrical_energy_j'], rt.POWER_IDLE_W * 3600.0 + cool, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertEqual(h.invoke('ledger.read')['ledger'], h.ledger())
+        self.assertFalse(h.invoke('power.press_switch')['enabled'])                                 # the rear switch toggles
+        h.step(600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.ledger()['electrical_energy_j'], L['electrical_energy_j'], delta=1e-6)   # off: no draw
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('power.press_switch')['enabled'])
+        h.invoke('power.set', enabled=False)
+        k = loaded(blot(), channels=(('EX3', 'alexa_fluor_647'), ('EX1', 'alexa_fluor_488')))
+        for c, t in (('EX3', 2.0), ('EX1', 3.0)):
+            k.invoke('exposure.set', channel=c, exposure_s=t)
+        smart_capture(k, smart=False)
+        L = k.ledger()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['exposure_time_s'], 5.0, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(L['led_energy_j'], rt.POWER_LED_W * 5.0, delta=1e-9)
+        self.assertEqual(L['images'], 1.0)
+        rec = list(k.records.values())[-1]
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rec['finished_s'] - rec['started_s'], 2 * rt.CAPTURE_OVERHEAD_S + 5.0, delta=1e-9)
+        check('ledger', energy_1h_j=L['electrical_energy_j'])
+
+    def test_rejections_leave_state_unchanged(self):
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        v0 = json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str)
+        for cap, args in [('sample.place', dict(sample_id='blot', skew_rad=0.0)), ('drawer.close', {}), ('exposure.set', dict(channel='EX5', exposure_s=1.0)),
+                          ('camera.set', dict(binning=7, zoom=1.0, auto_focus=True, lock=False)), ('channels.set', dict(channels=[dict(channel='CHEMI', dye=None)])),
+                          ('capture.run', dict(hdr=True)), ('sample.provide', dict(blot(), sample_id='x', lanes=[dict(x_m=0.01, width_m=0.005, bands=[dict(y_m=0.01, sigma_m=0.001, label='nope', amount_mol=1e-15)])])),
+                          ('image.analyze', dict(image_id='IMG9999', channel='EX3', sensitivity=0.5)), ('mode.select', dict(mode='fluorescent_blots')) if False else ('drawer.close', {})]:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(cap, **args)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str), v0)
+        check('rejections_pure')
+
+    def test_cancellation(self):
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        h.register_principal('ag', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('ag')
+        h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=30.0)
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='capture.run', arguments=dict(hdr=False), request_id='c')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'accepted')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        s.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'x')
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(r['operation_id'])['status'], 'cancelled')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.images, {})
+        d = s.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='drawer.open', arguments={}, request_id='d')
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            s.cancel(d['operation_id'], 'y')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        self.assertEqual(s.poll(d['operation_id'])['result']['drawer_state'], 'open')
+        check('cancel')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = loaded(blot()), loaded(blot())
+        smart_capture(a)
+        self.assertEqual(b.images, {})
+        self.assertEqual(b.records, {})
+        check('isolation')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation_ownership_and_idempotence(self):
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        for n, v in (('a1', 'agent'), ('a2', 'agent'), ('ev', 'evaluator')):
+            h.register_principal(n, v)
+        s1, s2, e = h.session('a1'), h.session('a2'), h.session('ev')
+        obs = s1.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']
+        self.assertFalse([k for k in obs if k.startswith('truth.') or k == 'camera.temperature_k'])
+        self.assertIn('truth.sample_skew_rad', e.read(instance_id=INST)['observations'])
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='sample.inspect', arguments=dict(sample_id='blot'), request_id='i')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r1 = s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='capture.run', arguments=dict(hdr=False), request_id='r')
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='capture.run', arguments=dict(hdr=False), request_id='r'), r1)
+        self.assertEqual(s1.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='drawer.open', arguments={}, request_id='r')['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='drawer.open', arguments={}, request_id='x')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertTrue(s2.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']['operation.started_by_other_agent']['value'])
+        h.step(60.0)
+        iid = s1.poll(r1['operation_id'])['result']['image_id']
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='measurement.result', arguments=dict(image_id=iid), request_id='m')['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertEqual(s2.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='records.list', arguments={}, request_id='l')['result'], dict(records=[], images=[]))
+        self.assertEqual(s1.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']['result.last_image_id']['value'], iid)
+        self.assertIsNone(s2.read(instance_id=INST)['observations']['result.last_image_id']['value'])
+        check('truth_isolation_ownership')
+
+    def test_queries_export_and_unsupported(self):
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        iid = smart_capture(h)
+        lst = h.invoke('records.list')
+        self.assertEqual(lst['images'], [iid])
+        r = h.invoke('measurement.result', image_id=iid)
+        self.assertLessEqual(len(r['channels'][0]['preview']), 64)
+        self.assertTrue(h.invoke('events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.invoke('provenance.read')['libraries']), 1)
+        ex = h.invoke('image.export', image_id=iid, fmt='tiff', analysis_16bit=True)
+        self.assertGreater(ex['bytes'], 2 * r['width_px'] * r['height_px'])
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('image.export', image_id=iid, fmt='jpg', analysis_16bit=True)
+        ins = h.invoke('sample.inspect', sample_id='blot')
+        self.assertEqual(len(ins['lanes']['lanes']), 8)
+        self.assertGreater(ins['expected_signal']['EX3']['lane_8'][0]['electrons_per_s'], 0)
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+                h.invoke(k)
+        check('queries')
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- declared effects over scenario states
+_SC = {}
+
+
+def _build(name):
+    if name == 'fresh':
+        return rt.ThermoIbrightFl1500Runtime()
+    if name == 'off':
+        h = rt.ThermoIbrightFl1500Runtime()
+        h.invoke('plant.configure', **rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **blot())
+        return h
+    if name == 'cold':
+        h = powered(cool=False)
+        h.invoke('sample.provide', **blot())
+        h.step(30.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'ready':
+        return loaded(blot())
+    if name == 'open':
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        h.invoke('drawer.open')
+        h.step(5.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'open_empty':
+        h = _scenario('open')
+        h.invoke('sample.remove', sample_id='blot')
+        return h
+    if name == 'moving':
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        h.invoke('drawer.open')
+        h.step(1.5)
+        return h
+    if name == 'capturing':
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        h.invoke('exposure.set', channel='EX3', exposure_s=20.0)
+        h.invoke('capture.run', hdr=False)
+        h.step(3.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'smart':
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        h.invoke('smart_exposure.run')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        return h
+    if name == 'imaged':
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        smart_capture(h)
+        return h
+    if name == 'locked':
+        h = loaded(blot())
+        h.invoke('camera.set', binning=2, zoom=2.0, auto_focus=True, lock=True)
+        return h
+    if name == 'chemi':
+        return loaded(blot(label='hrp', base=1e-18, factor=3.0, substrate='generic_ecl'), mode='chemi_blots')
+    if name == 'stopped':
+        h = _scenario('moving')
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=True)
+        h.invoke('fault.inject', fault='power_loss', active=False)
+        return h
+    raise KeyError(name)
+
+
+def _scenario(name):
+    if name not in _SC:
+        _SC[name] = _build(name)
+    return copy.deepcopy(_SC[name])
+
+
+SCENARIOS = ['fresh', 'off', 'cold', 'ready', 'open', 'open_empty', 'moving', 'capturing', 'smart', 'imaged', 'locked', 'chemi', 'stopped']
+STEP_DTS = (0.5, 5.0, 60.0)
+
+
+def _variants(cap):
+    V = {
+        'plant.configure': [dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, mains_voltage_v=60.0), dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, room_k=300.15)],
+        'power.set': [dict(enabled=True), dict(enabled=False)], 'power.press_switch': [{}],
+        'mode.select': [dict(mode='fluorescent_blots'), dict(mode='chemi_blots')], 'drawer.open': [{}], 'drawer.close': [{}],
+        'sample.provide': [dict(rt.SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, sample_id='new')], 'sample.place': [dict(sample_id='blot', skew_rad=0.05)], 'sample.remove': [dict(sample_id='blot')],
+        'channels.set': [dict(channels=[dict(channel='EX3', dye='alexa_fluor_647')]), dict(channels=[dict(channel='EX3', dye='alexa_fluor_647'), dict(channel='VISIBLE', dye=None)])],
+        'exposure.set': [dict(channel='EX3', exposure_s=2.0), dict(channel='CHEMI', exposure_s=5.0)],
+        'camera.set': [dict(binning=4, zoom=1.0, auto_focus=True, lock=False), dict(binning=2, zoom=2.0, auto_focus=True, lock=True, rotation_rad=0.05)],
+        'smart_exposure.run': [{}], 'capture.run': [dict(hdr=False), dict(hdr=True)],
+        'image.export': [dict(image_id='IMG0001', fmt='tiff', analysis_16bit=True)], 'image.delete': [dict(image_id='IMG0001')],
+        'fault.inject': [dict(fault=f, active=True) for f in ('power_loss', 'led_failure', 'drawer_blocked', 'filter_wheel_jam', 'stage_smudge')] + [dict(fault='power_loss', active=False)],
+        'sim.step': [dict(dt_s=0.5), dict(dt_s=30.0)],
+    }
+    return V.get(cap, [])
+
+
+def _num(x):
+    return isinstance(x, (int, float)) and not isinstance(x, bool)
+
+
+def _flat(v, prefix=''):
+    out = {}
+    if isinstance(v, dict):
+        for k, x in v.items():
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}.{k}'))
+    elif isinstance(v, list) and len(v) <= 128:
+        for i, x in enumerate(v):
+            out.update(_flat(x, f'{prefix}[{i}]'))
+    else:
+        out[prefix] = json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str) if isinstance(v, list) else v
+    return out
+
+
+def _rel_changed(a, b, scale=None):
+    if _num(a) and _num(b):
+        return abs(a - b) > 1e-9 * (max(abs(a), abs(b)) if scale is None else scale) + 1e-300
+    return _changed(a, b)
+
+
+def _leaf_changed(a, b):
+    fa, fb = _flat(a), _flat(b)
+    return any(_rel_changed(fa.get(k, '<absent>'), fb.get(k, '<absent>')) for k in set(fa) | set(fb))
+
+
+def _step_differs(v1, a2, v0, b2):
+    f1, fa, f0, fb = _flat(v1), _flat(a2), _flat(v0), _flat(b2)
+    for leaf in set(f1) | set(fa) | set(f0) | set(fb):
+        x1, xa, x0, xb = (f.get(leaf, '<absent>') for f in (f1, fa, f0, fb))
+        ca, cb = _rel_changed(x1, xa), _rel_changed(x0, xb)
+        if not (ca or cb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and all(_num(x) for x in (x1, xa, x0, xb)) and not _rel_changed(xa - x1, xb - x0, max(abs(x1), abs(xa), abs(x0), abs(xb))):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and (x1, xa) == (x0, xb):
+            continue
+        if ca and cb and x1 == x0 and not _rel_changed(xa, xb):
+            continue
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _executable(cap):
+    return cap not in rt.UNSUPPORTED and rt.CAPS[cap]['kind'] not in ('query', 'analysis')
+
+
+class ZDeclaredEffects(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_immediate_and_on_step_effects_are_declared(self):
+        missing_imm, missing_step = {}, {}
+        states = {n: _scenario(n) for n in SCENARIOS}
+        for cap in rt.CAPS:
+            if not _executable(cap):
+                continue
+            for sname, S in states.items():
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    A = copy.deepcopy(S)
+                    v0 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(A, cap, **args)
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        continue
+                    v1 = A.read('evaluator')
+                    if cap == 'sim.step':
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + rt.EFFECTS['sim.step']:
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+                        continue
+                    for k in v0:
+                        if _leaf_changed(v0[k], v1[k]) and k not in rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []):
+                            missing_imm.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                    for dt in STEP_DTS:
+                        A2, B2 = copy.deepcopy(A), copy.deepcopy(S)
+                        A2.step(dt)
+                        B2.step(dt)
+                        a2, b2 = A2.read('evaluator'), B2.read('evaluator')
+                        for k in v0:
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP.get(cap, []) and _step_differs(v1[k], a2[k], v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault(cap, set()).add((sname, k))
+                            if k not in rt.ON_STEP['sim.step'] + ['clock.time_s'] and _leaf_changed(v0[k], b2[k]):
+                                missing_step.setdefault('sim.step', set()).add((sname, k))
+        self.maxDiff = None
+        self.assertEqual(missing_imm, {})
+        self.assertEqual(missing_step, {})
+        check('declared_effects_scenarios')
+
+    def test_every_device_capability_is_accepted_in_some_scenario(self):
+        accepted = set()
+        for n in SCENARIOS:
+            S = _scenario(n)
+            for cap in rt.CAPS:
+                if not _executable(cap) or cap in accepted:
+                    continue
+                for args in _variants(cap):
+                    try:
+                        _orig_invoke(copy.deepcopy(S), cap, **args)
+                        accepted.add(cap)
+                        break
+                    except rt.ActionRejected:
+                        pass
+        self.assertEqual({c for c in rt.CAPS if _executable(c)} - accepted, set())
+
+
+class ZZRejectionCodes(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_every_observed_rejection_code_is_declared(self):
+        undeclared = {k: sorted(v - set(rt.CAP_ERRORS.get(k, [])) - {'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'UNSUPPORTED', 'UNKNOWN_CAPABILITY'}) for k, v in REJECTIONS.items()}
+        self.assertEqual({k: v for k, v in undeclared.items() if v}, {})
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_tuttnauer_3870elvd.py b/tests/test_asset_tuttnauer_3870elvd.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8d7d552b5ff166b760adbfcdf24f2bf66c06791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_tuttnauer_3870elvd.py
@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-192 tuttnauer_3870elvd (Tuttnauer 3870ELV-D vertical laboratory autoclave): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_tuttnauer_3870elvd.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; IAPWS-IF97 saturation pressure (Table 35 verification values) and the latent heat; liquid cycle with two 700 ml
+bottles (heating time against the same-platform printout, hold at the set point, loads lag the chamber: bottle F0 below the chamber F0, biological
+indicator log reduction); 134 C solids cycle (pressure at the hold); liquid + cooling cycle (compressed air prevents boiling, ends at 90 C);
+liquids under fast exhaust boil over, sealed bottles burst, non-autoclavable plastics deform; lid interlock; residual air (stuck air valve)
+stops the heating at the pressure limit (Low Heat); no water supply; heater fault; door gasket leak; power loss; 200-record ring; program
+editing limits (999 min extended time, 105-138 C); panel keys; water and load mass ledgers."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import tuttnauer_3870elvd as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'tuttnauer_3870elvd_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+BI = 'geobacillus_stearothermophilus'
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, ambient=295.15, patm=101325.0, water=True, air=True, cooling=True, instance=INST):
+        self.h = rt.TuttnauerElvdRuntime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', ambient_k=ambient, atmospheric_pressure_pa=patm, water_supply=water, compressed_air=air, cooling_water=cooling, noise_seed=seed)
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        """Instrumented call: outputs validated against the declared schema; a success changes only declared immediate slots and never the clock;
+        a rejection leaves every slot unchanged and returns a declared error code."""
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_tuttnauer_3870elvd_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def on(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+
+    def open_lid(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'lid.set', open=True)
+        self.step(3.0)
+
+    def close_lid(self):
+        self.call(self.A, 'lid.set', open=False)
+        self.step(3.0)
+
+    def bottles(self, n=2, mass=0.7, closure='loose', liquid='water', material='borosilicate_glass', bi=True):
+        for i in range(n):
+            args = dict(load_id=f'b{i + 1}', kind='liquid', mass_kg=mass, liquid=liquid, container_volume_m3=1e-3, material=material, closure=closure)
+            if bi:
+                args.update(organism=BI, log10_n0=6.0)
+            self.call(self.A, 'load.add', **args)
+
+    def run(self, program, limit=4 * 3600.0, every=10.0):
+        self.call(self.A, 'program.select', program=program)
+        self.call(self.A, 'cycle.start')
+        t0, marks = self.h.t, {}
+        while self.h.t - t0 < limit:
+            self.step(every)
+            st = self.read('cycle.status')['stage']
+            marks.setdefault(st, self.h.t - t0)
+            if st in ('complete', 'failed'):
+                break
+        return marks
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k[5:].replace('_', '.', 1)] = codes
+    return out
+
+
+def _water_balance(test, led):
+    out = led['steam_vented_kg'] + led['flash_vented_kg'] + led['water_drained_kg'] + led['leak_kg'] + led['water_in_chamber_kg']
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(led['water_supplied_kg'], out, delta=1e-9 + 1e-9 * led['water_supplied_kg'], msg=led)
+    loads = led['load_removed_kg'] + led['load_mass_in_chamber_kg'] + led['load_boilover_kg'] + led['load_burst_kg']
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(led['load_added_kg'], loads, delta=1e-9, msg=led)
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_and_mirrors_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_tuttnauer_3870elvd_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                self.assertTrue(set(pre['state_ids']) <= slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+            self.assertIn(c['kind'], ('query', 'device_command', 'robot_skill', 'simulation', 'analysis', 'configuration'))
+            self.assertIn(c['model_effects']['mode'], ('none', 'direct', 'coupled', 'host_required'))
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for name, p in meta['mechanisms']['steam_sterilization_process']['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_tuttnauer_3870elvd_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual((r['status'], r['error']['code']), ('unsupported', 'UNSUPPORTED'))
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        d = g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            g.A.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['truth.loads'])
+        for cap, args in (('truth.inspect', {}), ('sim.step', dict(dt_s=1.0)), ('ledger.read', {}), ('fault.inject', dict(fault='heater_failure', active=True))):
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='x-' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', cap)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='door_gasket_leak', active=True)
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] in ('fault', 'truth') for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']))
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        args = dict(program='solids_134')
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='program.select', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        snap = g.h.read('evaluator')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='program.select', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertEqual(json.dumps(snap, sort_keys=True, default=str), json.dumps(g.h.read('evaluator'), sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='program.select', arguments=dict(program='solids_121'), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='t_a'), Rig(instance='t_b', ambient=298.15)
+        a.call(a.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+        r = a.A.invoke(instance_id='t_b', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='z')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        def run(steps):
+            g = Rig(seed=5)
+            g.on()
+            g.open_lid()
+            g.bottles(1)
+            g.close_lid()
+            g.call(g.A, 'program.select', program='liquids_121')
+            g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+            for s in steps:
+                g.step(s)
+            r = g.read()
+            return json.dumps({k: r[k] for k in r if k.startswith(('truth.', 'chamber.', 'cycle.'))}, sort_keys=True), json.dumps(g.ledger(), sort_keys=True)
+        a = run([1500.0])
+        b = run([0.05] * 400 + [0.37, 13.11, 1466.52])
+        c = run([30.0] * 50)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a, c)
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r = rt.TuttnauerElvdRuntime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', ambient_k=295.15, atmospheric_pressure_pa=101325.0, water_supply=True, compressed_air=True,
+               cooling_water=True, noise_seed=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'records.read', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', expect='LID_CLOSED', load_id='x', kind='solid', mass_kg=1.0, material='stainless_316')
+        g.on()
+        g.open_lid()
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start', expect='LID_OPEN')
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', expect='MISSING_SETTING', load_id='x', kind='liquid', mass_kg=0.5, material='pp')
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', expect='UNKNOWN_LIQUID', load_id='x', kind='liquid', mass_kg=0.5, material='pp', liquid='unobtainium', container_volume_m3=1e-3)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', expect='MISSING_SETTING', load_id='x', kind='solid', mass_kg=0.5, material='pp', organism=BI)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='w1', kind='liquid', mass_kg=9.0, material='borosilicate_glass', liquid='water', container_volume_m3=0.01)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='w2', kind='liquid', mass_kg=9.0, material='borosilicate_glass', liquid='water', container_volume_m3=0.009)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', expect='OVERLOAD', load_id='x', kind='liquid', mass_kg=2.0, material='pp', liquid='water', container_volume_m3=0.002)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.remove', load_id='w1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.remove', load_id='w2')
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='x', kind='solid', mass_kg=1.0, material='stainless_316')
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', expect='LOAD_EXISTS', load_id='x', kind='solid', mass_kg=1.0, material='stainless_316')
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.remove', expect='UNKNOWN_LOAD', load_id='y')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.stop', expect='NO_CYCLE')
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.configure', expect='TIME_OUT_OF_RANGE', program='custom_1', time_s=120 * 60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.configure', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', program='custom_1', temperature_k=420.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.configure', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', program='liquids_121', time_s=600.0)
+        g.close_lid()
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        g.step(60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', expect='LID_LOCKED', open=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.select', expect='CYCLE_RUNNING', program='solids_121')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start', expect='CYCLE_RUNNING')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='alien', active=True)
+        h = Rig(water=False, air=False, cooling=False)
+        h.on()
+        h.call(h.A, 'cycle.start', expect='NO_WATER_SUPPLY')
+        h.call(h.A, 'program.configure', expect='NO_COOLING_UTILITIES', program='custom_2', exhaust='cooling')
+
+
+class Steam(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_iapws_saturation_and_latent_heat(self):
+        for v in rt._lib('steam')['saturation']['verification']:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.psat_water(v['T_K']) / v['ps_Pa'], 1.0, delta=1e-8)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.tsat_water(101325.0), 373.124, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.psat_water(394.25) / 1e3, 205.0, delta=1.0)                  # 121.1 C (the manual's 204-205 kPa)
+        for T, h_ref in ((373.15, 2256.5e3), (394.25, 2199.0e3), (407.15, 2162.0e3)):          # steam-table latent heats
+            self.assertLess(abs(rt.hfg_water(T) / h_ref - 1.0), 0.035, T)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='iapws_if97_table35_and_latent_heat', status='passed', layer='process'))
+
+
+class Cycles(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_liquid_cycle_two_700ml_bottles(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.open_lid()
+        g.bottles(2)
+        g.close_lid()
+        marks = g.run('liquids_121')
+        st = g.read('cycle.status')
+        self.assertEqual(st['result'], 'CYCLE ENDED')
+        self.assertTrue(8 * 60 < marks['sterilization'] < 25 * 60, marks)                  # same-platform printout: sterilization from 14:51
+        rec = g.call(g.A, 'records.read', last=1)['records'][0]
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(rec['hold_min_k'], 394.15 - 0.5)
+        self.assertLess(rec['hold_max_k'], 394.15 + rt.DOC['high_temperature_k'])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(rec['hold_s'], 1200.0)
+        tl = g.read('truth.loads')
+        self.assertLess(tl['b1']['F0_s'], rec['chamber_F0_s'])                             # the load centre lags the chamber
+        self.assertGreater(6.0 - tl['b1']['log10_survivors'], 4.0)
+        self.assertLess(tl['b1']['lost_kg'], 0.005)                                         # slow exhaust: (almost) no boil-over
+        _water_balance(self, g.ledger())
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='liquid_cycle_two_bottles', status='passed', layer='process', marks_s=marks, bottle_F0_s=tl['b1']['F0_s'], chamber_F0_s=rec['chamber_F0_s']))
+
+    def test_solids_134_hold_pressure(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.open_lid()
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='tray', kind='solid', mass_kg=3.0, material='stainless_316', organism=BI, log10_n0=6.0)
+        g.close_lid()
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.select', program='solids_134')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        for _ in range(400):
+            g.step(10.0)
+            if g.read('cycle.status')['stage'] == 'sterilization':
+                break
+        g.step(60.0)
+        P = g.read('truth.chamber')['pressure_pa']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(P / rt.psat_water(407.15 + 0.3), 1.0, delta=0.03)
+        for _ in range(400):
+            g.step(10.0)
+            if g.read('cycle.status')['stage'] in ('complete', 'failed'):
+                break
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('cycle.status')['result'], 'CYCLE ENDED')
+        self.assertLess(g.read('truth.loads')['tray']['log10_survivors'], 0.0)
+        _water_balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_liquid_cooling_cycle(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.open_lid()
+        g.bottles(2)
+        g.close_lid()
+        marks = g.run('liquids_121_cooling')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('cycle.status')['result'], 'CYCLE ENDED')
+        cool = marks['exhaust'] - marks['cooling']
+        self.assertTrue(15 * 60 < cool < 45 * 60, marks)                                   # same-platform: average cooling stage 30 min
+        tl = g.read('truth.loads')
+        self.assertLessEqual(tl['b1']['temperature_k'], 363.15 + 0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(tl['b1']['lost_kg'], 0.0)                                           # compressed air keeps the liquid from boiling
+        _water_balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_fast_exhaust_boils_liquids_and_sealed_bottles_burst(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.open_lid()
+        g.bottles(1, bi=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='sealed', kind='liquid', mass_kg=0.5, liquid='water', container_volume_m3=1e-3, material='borosilicate_glass', closure='sealed')
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='dish', kind='solid', mass_kg=0.2, material='ps')
+        g.close_lid()
+        g.run('solids_121')
+        tl = g.read('truth.loads')
+        self.assertTrue(tl['b1']['boilover'] and tl['b1']['lost_kg'] > 0.01, tl['b1'])
+        self.assertTrue(tl['sealed']['burst'], tl['sealed'])
+        self.assertTrue(tl['dish']['deformed'])
+        g.open_lid()
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'load.remove', load_id='b1')
+        self.assertTrue(out['state']['liquid_lost'])
+        _water_balance(self, g.ledger())
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id='boilover_burst_deformation', status='passed', layer='process'))
+
+    def test_residual_air_stops_heating_low_heat(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='air_valve_stuck_closed', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.select', program='solids_121')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        g.step(30 * 60.0)
+        tc = g.read('truth.chamber')
+        self.assertGreater(tc['air_mol'], 2.0)
+        self.assertLess(tc['water_temperature_k'], 394.15 - 3.0)
+        self.assertLessEqual(tc['pressure_pa'], rt.psat_water(394.15) + rt.P_MARGIN + 3e3)
+        g.step(40 * 60.0)
+        self.assertIn('LOW_HEAT', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('cycle.status')['result'], 'CYCLE FAIL')
+
+    def test_lid_interlock_and_end_temperature(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.open_lid()
+        g.bottles(1)
+        g.close_lid()
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.select', program='liquids_121')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        g.step(25 * 60.0)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('lid.locked'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', expect='LID_LOCKED', open=True)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('gauge.needle_rad'), 0.5)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('display.temperature_c'), g.read('chamber.temperature_k') - 273.15, delta=0.06)
+
+    def test_faults_supply_and_power(self):
+        g = Rig(water=False)
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start', expect='NO_WATER_SUPPLY')
+        h = Rig()
+        h.on()
+        h.call(h.E, 'fault.inject', fault='water_supply_off', active=True)
+        h.call(h.A, 'cycle.start')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('cycle.status')['result'], 'CYCLE FAIL')
+        self.assertIn('NO_RES_SRC', h.read('alarms.active'))
+        k = Rig()
+        k.on()
+        k.call(k.E, 'fault.inject', fault='heater_failure', active=True)
+        k.call(k.A, 'program.select', program='solids_134')
+        k.call(k.A, 'cycle.start')
+        k.step(3700.0)
+        self.assertEqual(k.read('cycle.status')['result'], 'CYCLE FAIL')
+        self.assertIn('LOW_HEAT', k.read('alarms.active'))
+        m = Rig()
+        m.on()
+        m.call(m.E, 'fault.inject', fault='door_gasket_leak', active=True)
+        m.call(m.A, 'program.select', program='solids_121')
+        m.call(m.A, 'cycle.start')
+        m.step(40 * 60.0)
+        self.assertGreater(m.ledger()['leak_kg'], 0.0)
+        _water_balance(self, m.ledger())
+        n = Rig()
+        n.on()
+        n.call(n.A, 'cycle.start')
+        n.step(300.0)
+        n.call(n.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        self.assertIsNone(n.read('chamber.temperature_k'))
+        n.on()
+        self.assertEqual(n.call(n.A, 'records.read', last=1)['records'][0]['result'], 'CYCLE FAIL')
+        n.call(n.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pressure_sensor_fault', active=True)
+        self.assertIsNone(n.read('chamber.pressure_pa'))
+        n.call(n.E, 'fault.inject', fault='temperature_sensor_drift', active=True)
+        n.call(n.E, 'truth.inspect')
+
+    def test_record_ring_keeps_200_cycles(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        for i in range(203):
+            g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+            g.call(g.A, 'cycle.stop')
+            g.step(120.0)
+        recs = g.call(g.A, 'records.read')
+        self.assertEqual(recs['stored'], 200)
+        self.assertEqual(recs['records'][0]['cycle_number'], 4)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('records.stored'), 200)
+
+    def test_program_editing_panel_keys_and_toggle(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'program.configure', program='extended_time', time_s=999 * 60.0, temperature_k=378.15)
+        self.assertEqual(out['parameters']['time_s'], 999 * 60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.configure', program='custom_1', temperature_k=411.15, exhaust='slow_waste', end_temperature_k=353.15)
+        first = g.read('program.current')['program']
+        nxt = g.call(g.A, 'program.next')['program']
+        self.assertNotEqual(first, nxt)
+        self.assertTrue(g.call(g.A, 'cycle.toggle')['running'])
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.call(g.A, 'cycle.toggle')['running'])
+        self.assertFalse(g.call(g.A, 'power.press_switch')['on'])
+        self.assertTrue(g.call(g.A, 'power.press_switch')['on'])
+
+    def test_waste_bag_lags_and_non_autoclavable_note(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.open_lid()
+        notes = g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='bag', kind='waste', mass_kg=2.0, material='pp', organism=BI, log10_n0=6.0)['notes']
+        self.assertEqual(notes, [])
+        notes = g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='tube', kind='solid', mass_kg=0.1, material='ldpe')['notes']
+        self.assertTrue(any('ldpe' in n for n in notes))
+        notes = g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='eth', kind='liquid', mass_kg=0.2, liquid='ethanol', container_volume_m3=5e-4, material='borosilicate_glass',
+                       closure='sealed')['notes']
+        self.assertEqual(len(notes), 2)                                                      # sealed closure and a boiling point below 100 C
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.remove', load_id='eth')
+        g.close_lid()
+        g.run('waste_121')
+        tl = g.read('truth.loads')
+        self.assertLess(tl['bag']['F0_s'], g.call(g.A, 'records.read', last=1)['records'][0]['chamber_F0_s'] * 0.8)
+        self.assertTrue(tl['tube']['deformed'])
+        _water_balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+
+class ReviewRegressions(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_open_chamber_stays_atmospheric_when_loaded(self):          # round-1 R1-02 / C1-06
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.open_lid()
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='w', kind='liquid', mass_kg=8.0, liquid='water', container_volume_m3=0.01, material='borosilicate_glass', closure='loose')
+        g.step(5.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('truth.chamber')['pressure_pa'], 101325.0, delta=1.0)
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('lid.locked'))
+        g.close_lid()
+        g.step(600.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'lid.set', open=True)                                  # idle, cold: the lid opens again
+
+    def test_liquid_hold_counts_on_the_reference_bottle(self):          # round-1 R1-01
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.open_lid()
+        g.bottles(2)
+        g.close_lid()
+        g.run('liquids_121')
+        rec = g.call(g.A, 'records.read', last=1)['records'][-1]
+        self.assertEqual(rec['result'], 'CYCLE ENDED')
+        L = g.read('truth.loads')
+        # the reference bottle was at >= 120.6 C for the whole 20 min hold: its F0 is close to the hold time
+        self.assertGreater(min(x['F0_s'] for x in L.values()), 0.8 * 1200.0, L)
+
+    def test_stop_during_exhaust_keeps_venting(self):                   # round-1 R1-03
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.select', program='solids_121')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        while g.read('cycle.status')['stage'] != 'exhaust':
+            g.step(10.0)
+        g.step(2.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.stop')
+        g.step(300.0)
+        self.assertLess(g.read('truth.chamber')['pressure_pa'], 101325.0 + 3e3)
+        st = g.read('cycle.status')
+        self.assertIn(st['stage'], ('drain', 'failed'))
+
+    def test_hot_restart_flashes_stored_heat(self):                     # round-1 R1-08
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.call(g.A, 'program.select', program='solids_121')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        while g.read('cycle.status')['stage'] != 'sterilization':
+            g.step(10.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)                                # power fail: CYCLE FAIL, chamber stays hot and pressurised
+        g.step(60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        before = g.ledger()['flash_vented_kg']
+        T0 = g.read('truth.chamber')['water_temperature_k']
+        self.assertGreater(T0, 374.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+        g.step(30.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.ledger()['flash_vented_kg'] - before, 1e-3)
+        _water_balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_drift_shifts_the_true_hold_and_faults_fail(self):         # round-1 R1-05 / R1-07
+        a, b = Rig(), Rig()
+        b.call(b.E, 'fault.inject', fault='temperature_sensor_drift', active=True)
+        for g in (a, b):
+            g.on()
+            g.call(g.A, 'program.select', program='solids_121')
+            g.call(g.A, 'cycle.start')
+            while g.read('cycle.status')['stage'] != 'sterilization':
+                g.step(10.0)
+            g.step(300.0)
+        self.assertLess(b.read('truth.chamber')['water_temperature_k'], a.read('truth.chamber')['water_temperature_k'] - 1.0)
+        c = Rig()
+        c.on()
+        c.call(c.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pressure_sensor_fault', active=True)
+        c.call(c.A, 'program.select', program='solids_121')
+        c.run('solids_121')
+        self.assertEqual(c.call(c.A, 'records.read', last=1)['records'][-1]['failure'], 'PRESS_SENSOR')
+
+    def test_container_fill_and_separate_limits(self):                  # round-1 R1-06 / R1-09, C1-07
+        g = Rig()
+        g.on()
+        g.open_lid()
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', expect='CONTAINER_OVERFILLED', load_id='x', kind='liquid', mass_kg=5.0, liquid='water', container_volume_m3=1e-6, material='pp')
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='e', kind='liquid', mass_kg=0.5, liquid='glycerol', container_volume_m3=1e-3, material='borosilicate_glass')
+        self.assertTrue(any('inconsistent' in n for n in r['notes']), r)
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='s', kind='solid', mass_kg=19.0, material='stainless_316')
+        g.call(g.A, 'load.add', load_id='l', kind='liquid', mass_kg=9.0, liquid='water', container_volume_m3=0.01, material='borosilicate_glass')   # liquids and instruments counted separately
+        small, big = rt.TuttnauerElvdRuntime('a'), None
+        L1 = dict(kind='waste', mass_kg=0.1, cp=3000.0)
+        L2 = dict(kind='waste', mass_kg=5.0, cp=3000.0)
+        self.assertLess(small._load_ua(L1, True) / (0.1 * 3000.0), 0.7 * small._load_ua(L2, True) / (5.0 * 3000.0) * 10)
+        del big
+
+    def test_records_hold_sensor_values_and_pressure_alarms(self):       # round-2 R2-03 / R2-04 / R2-05
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='temperature_sensor_drift', active=True)
+        g.on()
+        g.run('solids_121')
+        rec = g.call(g.A, 'records.read', last=1)['records'][-1]
+        self.assertGreater(rec['hold_min_k'], 394.15 - 0.6)                  # the record shows what sensor 1 read (drifted), not the truth
+        self.assertTrue(all(abs(x['T1_k'] - round(x['T1_k'], 2)) < 1e-9 for x in rec['log']))
+        h = Rig()
+        h.on()
+        h.call(h.E, 'fault.inject', fault='heater_relay_stuck', active=True)
+        h.run('solids_121')
+        self.assertEqual(h.call(h.A, 'records.read', last=1)['records'][-1]['failure'], 'HIGH_PRESSURE')
+        lp = Rig()
+        lp.on()
+        lp.call(lp.A, 'program.select', program='solids_121')
+        lp.call(lp.A, 'cycle.start')
+        while lp.read('cycle.status')['stage'] != 'sterilization':
+            lp.step(10.0)
+        lp.call(lp.E, 'fault.inject', fault='pressure_sensor_drift', active=True)
+        lp.step(30.0)
+        self.assertIn('LOW_PRESSURE', lp.read('alarms.active'))
+        k = Rig()
+        k.on()
+        k.open_lid()
+        k.call(k.A, 'load.add', load_id='w', kind='liquid', mass_kg=8.0, liquid='water', container_volume_m3=0.01, material='borosilicate_glass')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(k.read('truth.chamber')['pressure_pa'], 101325.0, delta=1.0)    # no step needed
+        self.assertFalse(k.read('lid.locked'))
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_vaisala_dmt152.py b/tests/test_asset_vaisala_dmt152.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28769a5db64a3b12c6734c5635f1988da222e377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_vaisala_dmt152.py
@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-195 vaisala_dmt152 (Vaisala DRYCAP dew point transmitter DMT152, ISO G1/2"): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_vaisala_dmt152.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation; idempotent request ids; two instances
+isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its schema and every success
+changes only declared slots; Hardy ITS-90 frost / dew point and ppmv; asymmetric response (wet -> dry T63 0.5 min / T90 7.5 min, dry -> wet
+T63 2 s); accuracy within the spec over many units; pressure: the dew point at the sensor follows the sensor pressure, ppm needs the right PRES;
+frost point below 0 C and condensation; power-up and weekly purge (frozen output), XPUR off; auto-calibration and the Autocal error; sampling
+line wall sorption (wet new tubing dries slowly), polymer permeation, leak; unsuitable gases; analog outputs, limit / purge / malfunction alarm
+levels and the 21 V current-output supply; calibration service; operating-temperature error; water ledger closing exactly."""
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import vaisala_dmt152 as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'vaisala_dmt152_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+N2_DRY = dict(gas='nitrogen', water_umol_mol=1.0, pressure_pa=101325.0, temperature_k=293.15)
+N2_WET = dict(gas='nitrogen', water_umol_mol=1000.0, pressure_pa=101325.0, temperature_k=293.15)
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return json.dumps(x, sort_keys=True, default=str) != json.dumps(y, sort_keys=True, default=str)
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, instance=INST, fresh=False, **plant):
+        self.h = rt.VaisalaDmt152Runtime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=seed, **plant))
+        if not fresh:                                                        # default: cap removed and screwed directly into the process line
+            self.call(self.A, 'cap.remove')
+            self.call(self.A, 'installation.set', mode='direct')
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_vaisala_dmt152_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def ready(self, process=N2_DRY, settle=3600.0):
+        self.call(self.E, 'process.set', **process)
+        self.call(self.A, 'power.set', on=True, voltage_v=24.0)
+        self.step(settle)
+
+    def until(self, pred, limit, every=0.5):
+        t = 0.0
+        while not pred() and t < limit:
+            self.step(every)
+            t += every
+        return t
+
+    def ledger(self):
+        return self.call(self.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass |\ndef )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step', 'step', '_tick')]
+        out[k[5:].replace('_', '.', 1)] = codes
+    return out
+
+
+def _balance(test, L):
+    lhs = L['water_in_mol'] + L['water_permeated_mol'] + L['water_leaked_mol'] + L['water_desorbed_mol']        # gas phase (quasi-steady)
+    rhs = L['water_out_mol'] + L['water_adsorbed_mol']
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(lhs, rhs, delta=1e-9 * max(lhs, 1e-12))
+    walls = L['water_installed_with_tubing_mol'] - L['water_removed_with_tubing_mol'] + L['water_adsorbed_mol'] - L['water_desorbed_mol']
+    test.assertAlmostEqual(walls, L['water_on_walls_mol'], delta=1e-9 * max(L['water_installed_with_tubing_mol'] + L['water_adsorbed_mol'], 1e-15))
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_vaisala_dmt152_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+        for name, p in meta['mechanisms']['trace_moisture_measurement']['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_vaisala_dmt152_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            g.call(g.A, k, expect='UNSUPPORTED')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready(settle=10.0)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in g.read(who=g.A)))
+        r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='truth.inspect', arguments={}, request_id='x')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='process.set', arguments=N2_WET, request_id='y')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sensor_oil_contamination', active=True)
+        ev = g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] in ('fault', 'truth') for e in ev))
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        a = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='same')
+        b = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        c = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=False), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(c['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='i1'), Rig(instance='i2')
+        a.ready(process=N2_WET, settle=600.0)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('power.on'))
+        self.assertIsNone(b.read('reading.tdf_k'))
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        runs = []
+        for parts in ([1800.0], [0.3, 7.7, 400.0, 1392.0], [0.5] * 60 + [1770.0]):
+            g = Rig(seed=7)
+            g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **N2_DRY)
+            g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', **rt.INSTALL_EXAMPLE)
+            g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+            for p in parts:
+                g.step(p)
+            v = g.read()
+            v.pop('clock.time_s')
+            runs.append(json.dumps(v, sort_keys=True, default=str))
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0], runs[1])
+        self.assertEqual(runs[0], runs[2])
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r = rt.VaisalaDmt152Runtime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        self.assertEqual(r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='power.set', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', **dict(rt.PLANT_EXAMPLE, noise_seed=2))
+        g.call(g.A, 'measurement.send', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'errors.read', expect='POWER_OFF')
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='POWER_OFF', pressure_pa=1e5)
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.configure', expect='POWER_OFF', channel=1, mode='0-5V')
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', expect='PRESSURE_TOO_HIGH', **dict(N2_DRY, pressure_pa=55e5))
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', expect='MISSING_SETTING', mode='sampling_line', tubing_length_m=1.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **N2_DRY)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'calibration.service', expect='POWER_ON')
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', expect='PRESSURE_TOO_LOW', xpressure_pa=5000.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.configure', expect='RANGE_ORDER', channel=1, lo=250.0, hi=200.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.configure', expect='ERROR_LEVEL_OUT_OF_RANGE', channel=2, error_level=50.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', **dict(rt.INSTALL_EXAMPLE, sensor_pressure_pa=101325.0))
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, pressure_pa=55e5))                 # sampling line: the line may exceed 50 bar
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', expect='PRESSURE_TOO_HIGH', mode='direct')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='alien', active=True)
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_hardy_frost_point_and_ppm(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.e_water(273.16), 611.657, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.e_ice(273.16), 611.657, delta=0.05)
+        x10 = 10e-6 / (1 + 10e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.dewpoint(x10, 101325.0) - 273.15, -60.5, delta=0.3)          # 10 ppmv ~ -60.5 C frost point (1 atm)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.ppmv_from(rt.dewpoint(x10, 101325.0), 101325.0), 10.0, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertGreater(rt.dewpoint(x10, 7e5), rt.dewpoint(x10, 1e5) + 15.0)                # pressure raises the dew point (tens of degrees)
+        self.assertLess(rt.e_ice(263.15), rt.e_water(263.15))                                   # frost point below 0 C
+
+    def test_asymmetric_response_matches_datasheet(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready(process=dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=1000.0 * math.exp(0)), settle=4 * 3600.0)
+        wet = rt.dewpoint(1000e-6 / (1 + 1000e-6), 101325.0)
+        dry_x = 0.55e-6
+        dry = rt.dewpoint(dry_x / (1 + dry_x), 101325.0)
+        tr = lambda: g.read('truth.sensor')    # noqa: E731
+        y = lambda s: s['y_k']  # noqa: E731
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=0.55))
+        start = y(tr())
+        t63 = g.until(lambda: start - y(tr()) >= 0.63 * (start - dry), 3600.0)
+        t90 = g.until(lambda: start - y(tr()) >= 0.90 * (start - dry), 7200.0) + t63
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t63, 30.0, delta=10.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(t90, 450.0, delta=120.0)
+        g.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        start = y(tr())
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=1000.0))
+        t63w = g.until(lambda: y(tr()) - start >= 0.63 * (wet - start), 600.0)
+        self.assertLessEqual(t63w, 5.5)                                                         # 2 s at 20 C (+ line update granularity)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(t63_drying_s=t63, t90_drying_s=t90, t63_wetting_s=t63w))
+
+    def test_accuracy_within_spec_over_units(self):
+        within = 0
+        n = 24
+        for seed in range(n):
+            g = Rig(seed=100 + seed)
+            g.ready(process=dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=10.0), settle=2.5 * 3600.0)
+            err = g.read('reading.tdf_k') - g.read('truth.gas')['dew_point_sensor_k']
+            within += abs(err) <= rt.DOC['accuracy_dry_k']
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(within, int(0.85 * n))
+
+    def test_sampling_pressure_and_ppm_setting(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        hp = dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=20.0, pressure_pa=7e5)
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **hp)
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', **dict(rt.INSTALL_EXAMPLE, tubing_length_m=0.3, pre_dried=True, sensor_pressure_pa=101325.0))
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        tg = g.call(g.E, 'truth.inspect')['gas']
+        self.assertLess(tg['dew_point_sensor_k'], tg['dew_point_line_k'] - 15.0)               # several tens of degrees between 7 bar and 1 bar
+        ppm_ok = g.read('reading.h2o_umol_mol')
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', pressure_pa=7e5)                                       # wrong PRES (line pressure, not the sensor pressure)
+        ppm_bad = g.read('reading.h2o_umol_mol')
+        self.assertLess(abs(ppm_ok - 20.0), 0.2 + 0.4 * 20.0)
+        self.assertLess(ppm_bad, 0.25 * ppm_ok)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', xpressure_pa=101325.0)                                 # XPRES overrides PRES
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('reading.h2o_umol_mol'), ppm_ok, delta=1e-9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', molar_mass_kg_mol=0.028014)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('reading.h2o_mg_kg') / g.read('reading.h2o_umol_mol'), rt.M_W / 0.028014, delta=1e-9)
+
+    def test_power_up_purge_weekly_purge_and_xpur(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **N2_DRY)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'purge')
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('reading.tdf_k'))                                              # nothing measured yet
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('reading.frozen'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.configure', channel=1, mode='U-alarm', purge_status=True)       # purge status only in an ON/OFF alarm mode (AMODE 8)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('output.analog')['ch1']['state'], 'purge_status')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('output.analog')['ch1']['value'], 10.0, delta=1e-12)
+        g.step(rt.DOC['startup_approx_reading_s'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(g.read('reading.tdf_k'))                                         # approximated reading after one minute
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('reading.frozen'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.configure', channel=1, mode='4-20mA')
+        g.step(rt.DOC['startup_normal_s'][0])                                                 # start-up: normal operation after about 10 min
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'measuring')
+        g.step(rt.DOC['purge_interval_s'] + 1.0)                                                 # weekly purge, counted from the end of the last one
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'purge')
+        held = g.read('reading.tdf_k')
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **N2_WET)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('reading.tdf_k'), held)                                        # frozen to the last measured value
+        g.step(rt.ENG['purge_duration_s'])
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('reading.tdf_k'), held + 20.0)
+        d0 = g.read('truth.sensor')['drift_k']
+        g.call(g.A, 'settings.configure', purge_enabled=False)
+        g.step(7 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.sensor')['drift_k'] - d0, 0.15)                       # XPUR OFF: extra wet-end drift (about 1 K / month)
+        self.assertNotEqual(g.read('state.current'), 'purge')
+
+    def test_autocal_error_after_failures(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready(settle=10.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='autocal_disturbed', active=True)
+        g.step(6 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertIn('Autocal error', g.read('diagnostics.errors'))
+        self.assertIn('malfunction', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertIsNotNone(g.read('reading.tdf_k'))                                           # measurement continues
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='autocal_disturbed', active=False)
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('Autocal error', g.read('diagnostics.errors'))
+
+    def test_sampling_line_materials_leak_and_ledger(self):
+        res = {}
+        for mat in ('ss316l_ep', 'ptfe', 'pa6'):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=0.5))
+            r = g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', **dict(rt.INSTALL_EXAMPLE, tubing_material=mat, tubing_length_m=5.0))
+            if mat != 'ss316l_ep':
+                self.assertTrue(any('塑料' in n for n in r['notes']))
+            g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+            g.step(1800.0)
+            early = g.read('truth.gas')['dew_point_sensor_k']
+            g.step(48 * 3600.0)
+            res[mat] = (early, g.read('truth.gas')['dew_point_sensor_k'])
+            _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        d = Rig()
+        d.call(d.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=0.5))
+        d.step(10.0)
+        direct = d.read('truth.gas')['dew_point_sensor_k']
+        self.assertGreater(res['ss316l_ep'][0], direct + 5.0)                                  # wet new tubing: wetter than the gas after 30 min
+        self.assertLess(res['ss316l_ep'][1], res['ss316l_ep'][0] - 5.0)                        # and dries down over hours
+        self.assertLess(abs(res['ss316l_ep'][1] - direct), 0.5)
+        self.assertGreater(res['ptfe'][1], res['ss316l_ep'][1] + 1.0)                          # polymer permeation keeps it wetter
+        self.assertGreater(res['pa6'][1], res['ss316l_ep'][1] + 1.0)                           # (per mm of wall the CMC film data rank PTFE above PA6)
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=0.5))
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', **dict(rt.INSTALL_EXAMPLE, tubing_length_m=1.0, pre_dried=True))
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        t0 = g.read('truth.gas')['dew_point_sensor_k']
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sample_line_leak', active=True)
+        g.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.gas')['dew_point_sensor_k'], t0 + 5.0)
+        _balance(self, g.ledger())
+
+    def test_unsuitable_gases_and_condensation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r = g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, gas='hydrogen', water_umol_mol=10.0))
+        self.assertTrue(any('不适用' in n for n in r['notes']))
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.sensor')['gas_bias_k'], 1.5)
+        r = g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, gas='ammonia', water_umol_mol=10.0))
+        self.assertTrue(any('咨询厂家' in n for n in r['notes']))
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', expect='CONDENSING', **dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=40000.0, temperature_k=288.15))
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=40000.0, temperature_k=313.15))   # hot humid gas, sampled at room temperature
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', **dict(rt.INSTALL_EXAMPLE, sensor_pressure_pa=N2_DRY['pressure_pa']))
+        g.step(600.0)
+        Ts = g.read('truth.sensor')['sensor_temperature_k'] if 'sensor_temperature_k' in g.read('truth.sensor') else 295.15
+        self.assertLessEqual(g.read('truth.sensor')['target_k'], Ts + rt.ENG['condensation_margin_k'] + 1e-9)   # condensation: saturates at the sensor temperature
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('reading.tdf_k'), 273.15)                                     # above 0 C: dew point
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('reading.in_calibrated_range'))
+
+    def test_outputs_alarms_and_supply(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready(process=dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=10.0), settle=4 * 3600.0)
+        td = g.read('reading.tdf_k')
+        ch1 = g.read('output.analog')['ch1']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ch1['value'], 0.004 + 0.016 * (td - 193.15) / 100.0, delta=1e-12)
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.configure', channel=1, limit_alarm=dict(lo=150.0, hi=td - 5.0))
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('ch1_limit_alarm', g.read('alarms.active'))                           # AMODE 1-5: limit alarm disabled
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.configure', channel=1, mode='I-alarm')
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIn('ch1_limit_alarm', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('output.analog')['ch1']['value'], 0.020, delta=1e-12)
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.configure', channel=1, mode='4-20mA', limit_alarm=None)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertNotIn('ch1_limit_alarm', g.read('alarms.active'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'output.configure', channel=2, mode='0-5V', quantity='ppm', lo=0.0, hi=100.0, error_level=0.0)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('output.analog')['ch2']['value'], 5.0 * g.read('reading.h2o_umol_mol') / 100.0, delta=1e-9)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True, voltage_v=18.0)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIn('Voltage too low for mA output error', g.read('diagnostics.errors'))
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True, voltage_v=24.0)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sensor_damage', active=True)
+        g.step(1.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('reading.tdf_k'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('output.analog')['ch1']['state'], 'malfunction')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('output.analog')['ch1']['value'], 0.020, delta=1e-12)
+        self.assertIn('T meas error', g.call(g.A, 'errors.read')['errors'])
+        s = g.call(g.A, 'measurement.send')
+        self.assertIsNone(s['tdf_k'])
+
+    def test_drift_calibration_service_and_temperature_error(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=5, calibration_age_s=1.8 * rt.YEAR_S)
+        g.ready(process=dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=300.0), settle=3600.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('calibration.age_s'), 1.8 * rt.YEAR_S)
+        d0 = g.read('truth.sensor')['drift_k']
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=False)
+        g.call(g.A, 'calibration.service', expect='INSTALLED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.remove')
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'calibration.service')
+        self.assertTrue(r['calibrated'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(g.read('truth.sensor')['drift_k']), abs(d0) + 1e-12)
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', mode='direct')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, temperature_k=353.15))
+        g.step(rt.DOC['startup_normal_s'][0] + 10.0)
+        self.assertIn('Ambient temperature error', g.read('diagnostics.errors'))
+        self.assertIsNone(g.read('reading.tdf_k'))
+
+
+class ReviewR1(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Round-1 review fixes: process truth hidden from agent events, polymer bulk water uptake, H2 bias gated / capped / reset, auto-calibration
+    period start to start, setup checks, tick anchoring."""
+    def test_agent_events_hide_the_process_truth(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready(process=dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=7.3), settle=60.0)
+        ev = g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']
+        self.assertFalse([e for e in ev if e['code'] == 'PROCESS_SET'])
+
+    def test_nylon_line_dries_much_slower_than_stainless(self):
+        out = {}
+        for mat in ('pa6', 'ss316l_ep'):
+            g = Rig()
+            g.ready(process=dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=10.0), settle=1.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', **dict(rt.INSTALL_EXAMPLE, tubing_material=mat, sensor_pressure_pa=N2_DRY['pressure_pa']))
+            g.step(3600.0)
+            out[mat] = g.read('truth.gas')['water_sensor_umol_mol'] if 'water_sensor_umol_mol' in g.read('truth.gas') else g.read('reading.h2o_umol_mol')
+            out[mat + '_wall'] = g.read('truth.line')['wall_water_mol']
+            _balance(self, g.ledger())
+        self.assertGreater(out['pa6'], 5 * out['ss316l_ep'], out)
+        self.assertGreater(out['pa6_wall'], 50 * out['ss316l_ep_wall'], out)
+
+    def test_h2_bias_only_when_exposed_and_capped(self):
+        g = Rig(fresh=True)                                                   # capped, not installed
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, gas='hydrogen'))
+        g.step(10 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('truth.sensor')['gas_bias_k'], 0.0)
+        h = Rig()
+        h.ready(process=dict(N2_DRY, gas='hydrogen'), settle=1.0)
+        h.step(14 * 86400.0)
+        self.assertLessEqual(h.read('truth.sensor')['gas_bias_k'], rt.ENG['h2_bias_max_k'] + 1e-9)
+
+    def test_autocal_every_45_min_and_setup_checks(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready(process=dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=300.0), settle=1.0)
+        g.step(4 * 3600.0)
+        ok = [e['time_s'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'] if e['code'] in ('AUTOCAL_OK', 'AUTOCAL_FAILED')]
+        gaps = {round(b - a) for a, b in zip(ok, ok[1:])}
+        self.assertEqual(gaps, {int(rt.DOC['autocal_interval_s'])}, ok)
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', expect='INVALID_SETUP', **dict(rt.INSTALL_EXAMPLE, sensor_pressure_pa=40e5))
+
+    def test_tick_anchored_when_stepping_before_the_plant(self):
+        h = rt.VaisalaDmt152Runtime('x')
+        h.step(0.5)
+        self.assertEqual(h.tick, 1)
+
+
+class ReviewR2(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Round-2 minors fixed directly: persistent H2 bias, condensing line noted, consistent pressure tolerance, no reading from a damaged sensor in the purge."""
+    def test_h2_bias_persists_after_switching_gas(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready(process=dict(N2_DRY, gas='hydrogen'), settle=10 * 3600.0)
+        b = g.read('truth.sensor')['gas_bias_k']
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **N2_DRY)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('truth.sensor')['gas_bias_k'], b, delta=1e-9)
+
+    def test_condensing_line_noted_and_pressure_tolerance(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.ready(process=N2_DRY, settle=60.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', **dict(rt.INSTALL_EXAMPLE, sensor_pressure_pa=N2_DRY['pressure_pa'] * 1.00005))
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **N2_DRY)                                                     # same tolerance as installation.set
+        r = g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **dict(N2_DRY, water_umol_mol=40000.0, temperature_k=333.15))
+        self.assertTrue(any('冷凝' in n for n in r['notes']), r['notes'])
+
+    def test_damaged_sensor_no_reading_during_startup(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.call(g.E, 'process.set', **N2_DRY)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='sensor_damage', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True, voltage_v=24.0)
+        g.step(120.0)
+        self.assertIsNone(g.call(g.A, 'measurement.send')['tdf_k'])
+
+
+class TransportCap(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_cap_keeps_sensor_dry_and_blocks_installation(self):
+        g = Rig(fresh=True)
+        self.assertTrue(g.read('cap.fitted'))
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('cap.offset_m'), 0.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', expect='CAP_ON', mode='direct')
+        g.call(g.A, 'power.set', on=True)
+        g.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('truth.sensor')['y_k'], rt.ENG['cap_storage_dew_point_k'], delta=1e-9)   # sealed under the cap
+        g.call(g.A, 'cap.remove')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('cap.offset_m'), rt.CAP_TRAVEL, delta=1e-12)
+        g.step(60.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.sensor')['y_k'], rt.ENG['cap_storage_dew_point_k'] + 20.0)     # wets quickly in room air
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.set', mode='direct')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cap.fit', expect='INSTALLED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.remove')
+        g.call(g.A, 'installation.remove', expect='NOT_INSTALLED')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cap.fit')
+        g.call(g.A, 'cap.fit', expect='CAP_ALREADY_FITTED')
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_wtw_oxitopi.py b/tests/test_asset_wtw_oxitopi.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38eb59bbb5c96ca7958069ab36a5f9e8fb999d06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_wtw_oxitopi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,855 @@
+"""tests for CHEM-171 wtw_oxitopi (WTW OxiTop-i IS 6 respirometric BOD system): python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_wtw_oxitopi.py
+
+Themes: contract consistency (slots, effects, errors raised vs declared); agent / evaluator truth isolation and foreign-agent ownership; idempotent
+request ids; two instances isolated; step-partition independence; rejected calls leave the state unchanged; every output validated against its
+schema and every success changes only declared slots; WTW BOD equation and the manual's factor table; Benson-Krause oxygen solubility; oxygen
+conservation in the closed bottle; glucose / glutamic acid check (WTW 260 +- 30 mg/l stirred, DIN 210 +- 40 mg/l with the literature rates, blank
+<= 2 mg/l); missing NaOH, missing stirring, untight head, NaOH in the sample; nitrification and ATU; AutoTemp (cold sample, test interval by
+duration, 3 h latest start); daily storage, end of measurement, green LED for 24 h; units and digits; range exceeded; OxiTop PM tablet against the lot
+value; OxiTop PT against the altitude table; battery drain, low-battery red LED, battery replacement; LED flash pattern; display switch-off; key
+menu; incubator door and failure; sample preparation (dilution, seeding, pH adjustment, buffer chemistry); seeded-dilution evaluation; library
+substances (degradable vs refractory) and evaluator-defined substances; inhibitors and chlorine."""
+import copy
+import json
+import math
+import re
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / 'scripts'))
+from asset_runtime import wtw_oxitopi as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+INST = 'oxitop_i_is6_01'
+CHECKS = []
+SEEN_CAPS = set()
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+DAY = 86400.0
+DROPS = {22.7: 1, 43.5: 1, 97.0: 2, 164.0: 3, 250.0: 5, 365.0: 7, 432.0: 9}
+
+
+def _differ(x, y):
+    if isinstance(x, float) and isinstance(y, float):
+        return abs(x - y) > 1e-12 * max(1.0, abs(x), abs(y))
+    return x != y
+
+
+class Rig:
+    def __init__(self, seed=1, incubator=293.15, room=295.15, pressure=101325.0, instance=INST):
+        self.h = rt.WtwOxitopiRuntime(instance)
+        self.h.register_principal('agent', 'agent')
+        self.h.register_principal('eval', 'evaluator')
+        self.A = self.h.session('agent')
+        self.E = self.h.session('eval')
+        self.n = 0
+        self.inst = instance
+        self.call(self.E, 'plant.configure', incubator_k=incubator, room_k=room, ambient_pressure_pa=pressure, noise_seed=seed)
+
+    def call(self, sess, cap, expect='succeeded', **args):
+        """Instrumented call: outputs validated against the declared schema; a success changes only declared immediate slots and never the clock;
+        a rejection leaves every slot unchanged and returns a declared error code."""
+        self.n += 1
+        before, t0 = self.h.read('evaluator'), self.h.t
+        r = sess.invoke(instance_id=self.inst, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id=f'r{self.n}')
+        after = self.h.read('evaluator')
+        changed = {k for k in after if _differ(after[k], before[k])} - {'clock.time_s'}
+        if expect == 'succeeded':
+            assert r['status'] == 'succeeded', (cap, r['error'])
+            rt.validate(rt.CAPS[cap]['output_schema'], r['result'])
+            if cap != 'sim.step':
+                extra = changed - set(rt.EFFECTS.get(cap, []))
+                assert not extra, (cap, sorted(extra))
+                assert self.h.t == t0, cap
+            SEEN_CAPS.add(cap)
+            PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(cap, []).append(dict(arguments=json.dumps(args, sort_keys=True, default=str)[:200], time_s=t0, status=r['status']))
+            return r['result']
+        assert r['status'] in ('rejected', 'unsupported'), (cap, r['status'], r.get('result'))
+        assert r['error']['code'] == expect, (cap, r['error']['code'], expect)
+        assert not changed, (cap, 'rejected call changed', sorted(changed))
+        assert expect in [e['code'] for e in rt.export_wtw_oxitopi_contract_metadata()['capabilities'][cap]['errors']], (cap, expect)
+        return r
+
+    def step(self, s):
+        self.call(self.E, 'sim.step', dt_s=float(s))
+
+    def read(self, *ids, who=None):
+        sess = who or self.E
+        o = sess.read(instance_id=self.inst, state_ids=list(ids) if ids else None)['observations']
+        return {k: v['value'] for k, v in o.items()} if not ids or len(ids) > 1 else o[ids[0]]['value']
+
+    def kits(self, *names, volume=3e-3):
+        for k in names:
+            self.call(self.E, 'kit.provide', kit=k, volume_m3=volume)
+
+    def free(self, pos, head=None):
+        """Take the stored head off bottle `pos` (and `head` off whatever bottle it sits on) before working on the bottle."""
+        on = self.h.bottles[pos]['head']
+        if on is not None:
+            self.call(self.A, 'head.unscrew', head=on)
+        if head is not None and self.h.heads[head]['position'] is not None:
+            self.call(self.A, 'head.unscrew', head=head)
+
+    def load(self, pos, head, sample, ml, pellets=2, atu=True, bar=True, days=5, unit='mg/l', start=True, tight=True):
+        A = self.A
+        self.free(pos, head)
+        self.call(A, 'bottle.fill', position=pos, sample_id=sample, volume_m3=ml * 1e-6)
+        if bar:
+            self.call(A, 'bottle.add_stir_bar', position=pos)
+        if atu:
+            self.call(A, 'bottle.add_reagent', position=pos, reagent='nth_600', drops=DROPS[ml])
+        self.call(A, 'bottle.insert_sleeve', position=pos, naoh_pellets=pellets)
+        self.call(A, 'head.screw_on', head=head, position=pos, tight=tight)
+        self.call(A, 'head.configure', head=head, duration_days=days, unit=unit, sample_volume_m3=ml * 1e-6)
+        if start:
+            self.call(A, 'head.start', head=head)
+
+    def gga(self, seed_fraction=0.02):
+        """Respirometric check (BOD primer p.32-33, Standard Methods 5210 D): R10 diluted 1:100 in seeded dilution water (20 ml settled wastewater
+        per litre), 164 ml; blank = seeded dilution water, 432 ml."""
+        self.kits('gga_stock_r10', 'nth_600', 'nhp_600', 'dilution_water', 'settled_sewage_seed')
+        self.call(self.A, 'sample.prepare', sample_id='std', volume_m3=1e-3, sources=[dict(source_id='gga_stock_r10', volume_m3=1e-5)],
+                  seed_volume_fraction=seed_fraction, diluent='dilution_water', aerate=True, temperature_k=293.15)
+        self.call(self.A, 'sample.prepare', sample_id='blank', volume_m3=1e-3, sources=[], seed_volume_fraction=seed_fraction, diluent='dilution_water',
+                  aerate=True, temperature_k=293.15)
+
+    def stored(self, head, unit_value=True):
+        v = self.read('heads.stored_values')[head]
+        return [x['value'] for x in v] if unit_value else v
+
+    def truth(self, pos):
+        return self.read('truth.bottles')[pos]
+
+
+def _raised_codes():
+    """Error codes each command can raise: its own ActionRejected calls plus those of the helpers it calls (static scan of the module source)."""
+    src = Path(rt.__file__).read_text()
+    funcs = {}
+    for m in re.finditer(r'\n    def (\w+)\(self[^\n]*\n(.*?)(?=\n    def |\n# ----|\nclass )', src, re.S):
+        funcs[m.group(1)] = m.group(2)
+    own = {k: set(re.findall(r"ActionRejected\('([A-Z_]+)'\)", v)) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    calls = {k: set(re.findall(r'self\.(_\w+)\(', v)) & set(funcs) for k, v in funcs.items()}
+    out = {}
+    for k in funcs:
+        if not k.startswith('_cmd_'):
+            continue
+        seen, todo, codes = set(), [k], set()
+        while todo:
+            f = todo.pop()
+            if f in seen:
+                continue
+            seen.add(f)
+            codes |= own.get(f, set())
+            todo += [g for g in calls.get(f, ()) if g not in ('_cmd_sim_step',)]
+        out[k[5:].replace('_', '.', 1)] = codes
+    return out
+
+
+class Contract(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_metadata_slots_effects_and_mirrors_consistent(self):
+        meta = rt.export_wtw_oxitopi_contract_metadata()
+        slots = set(meta['state_slots'])
+        self.assertEqual(slots, set(rt.SLOTS))
+        for k, c in meta['capabilities'].items():
+            for e in c['state_effects']:
+                self.assertIn(e['state_id'], slots, k)
+            for x in c['observes']:
+                self.assertIn(x, slots, k)
+            for pre in c['preconditions']:
+                self.assertTrue(set(pre['state_ids']) <= slots, k)
+            self.assertTrue({'INVALID_ARGUMENT', 'REQUEST_CONFLICT', 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE'} <= {e['code'] for e in c['errors']}, k)
+            self.assertTrue(c['function_zh'])
+        self.assertTrue(rt.SCENE_MIRRORED <= slots)
+        for k in rt.SCENE_MIRRORED:
+            self.assertEqual(meta['state_slots'][k]['visibility'], 'agent', k)
+        self.assertEqual(len([k for k in slots if k.startswith('led.')]), 18)
+        mech = meta['mechanisms']['respirometric_bod_process']
+        for name, p in mech['parameters'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(name, name.lower())
+            self.assertIn(p['evidence'], ('documented', 'assumption'), name)
+
+    def test_declared_errors_cover_raised_codes(self):
+        meta = rt.export_wtw_oxitopi_contract_metadata()
+        for cap, codes in _raised_codes().items():
+            if cap not in meta['capabilities']:
+                cap = next(k for k in meta['capabilities'] if k.replace('.', '_') == cap.replace('.', '_'))
+            declared = {e['code'] for e in meta['capabilities'][cap]['errors']}
+            self.assertTrue(codes <= declared, (cap, sorted(codes - declared)))
+
+    def test_unsupported_capabilities(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        for k in rt.UNSUPPORTED:
+            r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=k, arguments={}, request_id='u-' + k)
+            self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'unsupported')
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNSUPPORTED')
+
+    def test_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        d = g.A.describe(instance_id=INST)
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in d['state_slots']))
+        self.assertFalse(any(c['visibility'] != 'agent' for c in d['capabilities'].values()))
+        for c in d['capabilities'].values():
+            self.assertFalse(any(e['state_id'].startswith('truth.') for e in c['state_effects']))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            g.A.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['truth.bottles'])
+        r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='bottle.inspect', arguments=dict(position='P1'), request_id='x1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='sim.step', arguments=dict(dt_s=10.0), request_id='x2')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertIn('truth.bottles', g.E.describe(instance_id=INST)['state_slots'])
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='incubator_failure', active=True)
+        ev = g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']
+        self.assertFalse(any(e['kind'] == 'fault' for e in ev))
+
+    def test_foreign_agent_ownership(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.h.register_principal('agent2', 'agent')
+        B = g.h.session('agent2')
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0)
+        for cap, args in (('bottle.empty', dict(position='P1')), ('head.stop', dict(head='h1')), ('head.read', dict(head='h1')),
+                          ('head.unscrew', dict(head='h1')), ('bottle.add_stir_bar', dict(position='P1'))):
+            r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id=cap, arguments=args, request_id='b-' + cap)
+            self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED', cap)
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='bottle.fill', arguments=dict(position='P2', sample_id='std', volume_m3=1.64e-4), request_id='b-fill')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.assertNotIn('std', B.read(instance_id=INST, state_ids=['samples.available'])['observations']['samples.available']['value'])
+        # agent2 works with its own objects; agent 1 releases the head after stopping and unscrewing
+        B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='head.configure', arguments=dict(head='h4', duration_days=3), request_id='b-own')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.stop', head='h1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.unscrew', head='h1')
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='head.read', arguments=dict(head='h1'), request_id='b-free')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.empty', position='P1')
+        r = B.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='bottle.add_stir_bar', arguments=dict(position='P1'), request_id='b-free2')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+
+    def test_idempotent_request_ids(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        g.kits('distilled_water')
+        g.free('P1')
+        args = dict(position='P1', sample_id='distilled_water', volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        r1 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='bottle.fill', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        snap = g.h.read('evaluator')
+        r2 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='bottle.fill', arguments=args, request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r1, r2)
+        self.assertEqual(snap, g.h.read('evaluator'))
+        r3 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='bottle.fill', arguments=dict(args, position='P2'), request_id='same')
+        self.assertEqual(r3['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        r5 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='bottle.fill', arguments=dict(args, position='P2'), request_id='p2')
+        self.assertEqual(r5['error']['code'], 'HEAD_ON_BOTTLE')               # stored heads sit on the bottles
+        r4 = g.A.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='bottle.fill', arguments=args, request_id='other')
+        self.assertEqual(r4['error']['code'], 'BOTTLE_NOT_EMPTY')
+
+    def test_two_instances_isolated(self):
+        a, b = Rig(instance='oxitop_a'), Rig(instance='oxitop_b', incubator=298.15)
+        a.call(a.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        self.assertFalse(b.read('platform.powered'))
+        with self.assertRaises(rt.ActionRejected):
+            a.A.read(instance_id='oxitop_b')
+        r = a.A.invoke(instance_id='oxitop_b', capability_id='platform.set_power', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='z')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'UNKNOWN_INSTANCE')
+        a.step(3600.0)
+        b.step(3600.0)
+        self.assertNotAlmostEqual(a.read('truth.incubator_air_k'), b.read('truth.incubator_air_k'), places=1)
+
+    def test_step_partition_independence(self):
+        def run(steps):
+            g = Rig(seed=5)
+            g.gga()
+            g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+            for s in steps:
+                g.step(s)
+            return g.read('heads.stored_values'), g.read('truth.bottles')['P1'], g.read('display.h1_value')
+        total = 2.3 * DAY
+        a = run([total])
+        b = run([7.0, 53.0, 1000.0, 3599.5, 0.5] + [total - 4660.0])
+        c = run([total / 37.0] * 37)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertEqual(a[0], c[0])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a[1]['pressure_pa'], c[1]['pressure_pa'], places=6)
+
+    def test_rejections_change_nothing(self):
+        g = Rig()
+        r = rt.WtwOxitopiRuntime('fresh')
+        r.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        out = r.session('e').invoke(instance_id='fresh', capability_id='platform.set_power', arguments=dict(on=True), request_id='p')
+        self.assertEqual(out['error']['code'], 'PLANT_REQUIRED')
+        g.call(g.E, 'plant.configure', expect='SEED_FIXED', incubator_k=293.15, room_k=295.15, ambient_pressure_pa=101325.0, noise_seed=2)
+        g.kits('distilled_water', 'nhp_600')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.fill', expect='HEAD_ON_BOTTLE', position='P1', sample_id='distilled_water', volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        g.free('P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.fill', position='P1', sample_id='distilled_water', volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.fill', expect='BOTTLE_NOT_EMPTY', position='P1', sample_id='distilled_water', volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.add_stir_bar', position='P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.add_stir_bar', expect='ALREADY_PRESENT', position='P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.add_reagent', expect='UNKNOWN_SAMPLE', position='P1', reagent='nth_600', drops=3)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.insert_sleeve', position='P1', naoh_pellets=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.add_reagent', expect='SLEEVE_IN_NECK', position='P1', reagent='nth_600', drops=3)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.screw_on', head='h1', position='P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.fill', expect='HEAD_ON_BOTTLE', position='P1', sample_id='distilled_water', volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.screw_on', expect='HEAD_ON_BOTTLE', head='h2', position='P1')
+        g.free('P2')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.screw_on', expect='POSITION_OCCUPIED', head='h2', position='P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.screw_on', expect='HEAD_ON_BOTTLE', head='h1', position='P2')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.pt_test', expect='HEAD_ON_BOTTLE', head='h1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.start', head='h1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.configure', expect='MEASUREMENT_RUNNING', head='h1', duration_days=3)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.start', expect='MEASUREMENT_RUNNING', head='h1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.unscrew', expect='HEAD_NOT_ON_BOTTLE', head='h2')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.screw_on', head='h2', position='P2')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.empty', expect='HEAD_ON_BOTTLE', position='P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.empty', expect='HEAD_ON_BOTTLE', position='P3')
+        g.free('P3')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.empty', expect='BOTTLE_EMPTY', position='P3')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', expect='INSUFFICIENT_SAMPLE', sample_id='big', volume_m3=0.004,
+               sources=[dict(source_id='distilled_water', volume_m3=0.004)])
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', expect='VOLUME_OUT_OF_RANGE', sample_id='v', volume_m3=1e-3, sources=[dict(source_id='distilled_water', volume_m3=5e-4)])
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', expect='NO_SEED', sample_id='v', volume_m3=1e-3, sources=[dict(source_id='distilled_water', volume_m3=9e-4)],
+               seed_volume_fraction=0.02, diluent='distilled_water')
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', expect='UNKNOWN_SAMPLE', sample_id='v', volume_m3=1e-3, sources=[dict(source_id='nope', volume_m3=1e-4)],
+               diluent='distilled_water')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.stop', expect='HEAD_OFF', head='h5')
+        g.call(g.E, 'stock.provide', expect='UNKNOWN_SUBSTANCE', stock_id='q', volume_m3=1e-3, composition=dict(substances=[dict(substance_id='unobtainium',
+                                                                                                                                   concentration_kg_m3=0.1)], ph=7.0))
+        g.call(g.E, 'kit.provide', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', kit='oxitop_pm')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', fault='head_untight', active=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'eval.bod', expect='INVALID_ARGUMENT', sample_value_kg_m3=0.1, blank_value_kg_m3=0.0, sample_volume_m3=2e-3, total_volume_m3=1e-3)
+
+
+class Physics(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_bod_equation_matches_manual_factor_table(self):
+        f432 = rt.bod_factor(432.0)
+        for v, fac in rt.DOC['factors'].items():
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.bod_factor(float(v)) / f432, fac, delta=0.012 * fac)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.DIGIT_HPA, 3.5616, places=3)
+        # manual volume table: BOD measuring range = 40 digits x factor; the digit display ends at 50 digits (primer: > 50 digit exceeds the range)
+        for v, rng in rt.DOC['ranges_mg_l'].items():
+            self.assertEqual(rng, 40 * rt.DOC['factors'][v])
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(40 * rt.DIGIT_HPA * rt.bod_factor(float(v)), rng, delta=0.012 * rng)
+
+    def test_benson_krause_reference_values(self):
+        # USGS DOTABLES / Benson-Krause at 760 mmHg: 9.09 (20 C), 11.29 (10 C), 7.56 (30 C) mg/l
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.do_saturation_1atm(293.15), 9.09, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.do_saturation_1atm(283.15), 11.29, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.do_saturation_1atm(303.15), 7.56, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.p_vapour(293.15), 2339.0, delta=4.0)
+
+    def test_buffer_chemistry_round_trip(self):
+        for ph, dic, pt in ((7.2, 0.5, 3.75), (6.0, 2.0, 0.0), (8.4, 4.0, 0.1), (4.0, 0.0, 0.0), (11.0, 0.1, 0.0)):
+            alk = rt.alk_of(ph, dic, pt)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.ph_of(alk, dic, pt), ph, places=6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.dic_of(7.38, 2.0), 2.2, places=3)
+
+    def test_oxygen_conservation_closed_bottle(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=3)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        b = g.h.bottles['P1']
+        L, G = b['liquid'], b['gas']
+        o2_0 = G['o2'] * rt.M_O2 * 1000.0 + L['DO'] * L['V'] * 1000.0          # mg
+        g.step(3 * DAY)
+        o2_1 = G['o2'] * rt.M_O2 * 1000.0 + L['DO'] * L['V'] * 1000.0 + L['o2_used'] * L['V'] * 1000.0
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(o2_0, o2_1, delta=1e-6 * o2_0)
+
+    def test_gga_check_in_wtw_range_and_blank_below_2(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=11)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0)
+        g.load('P2', 'h2', 'blank', 432.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(5 * DAY + 4 * 3600)
+        A, B = g.stored('h1')[-1], g.stored('h2')[-1]
+        self.assertEqual(len(g.stored('h1')), 5)
+        self.assertLessEqual(B, 2.0)
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'eval.bod', sample_value_kg_m3=A / 1000, blank_value_kg_m3=B / 1000, sample_volume_m3=0.99e-3, total_volume_m3=1e-3)
+        self.assertTrue(0.230 <= A / 1000 - 0.99 * B / 1000 <= 0.290, (A, B))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['bod_kg_m3'], (A / 1000 - B / 1000 * 0.01) / 0.99, places=9)
+        true = g.truth('P1')['o2_consumed_kg_m3'] * 1000
+        self.assertLess(abs(A - true) / true, 0.04)               # head vs true consumption (AutoTemp phase, sensor errors)
+
+    def test_literature_rates_reproduce_din_dilution_value(self):
+        old = rt.STIRRED_RATE_FACTOR
+        rt.STIRRED_RATE_FACTOR = 1.0
+        try:
+            g = Rig(seed=11)
+            g.gga()
+            g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+            g.step(5 * DAY + 4 * 3600)
+            self.assertTrue(170.0 <= g.stored('h1')[-1] <= 250.0, g.stored('h1'))
+        finally:
+            rt.STIRRED_RATE_FACTOR = old
+
+    def test_missing_naoh_and_missing_stirring_read_low(self):
+        def run(pellets=2, power=True):
+            g = Rig(seed=4)
+            g.gga()
+            g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0, pellets=pellets)
+            if power:
+                g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+            g.step(5 * DAY + 4 * 3600)
+            return g.stored('h1')[-1], g.truth('P1')
+        ref, t_ref = run()
+        no_naoh, t_no = run(pellets=0)
+        still, t_still = run(power=False)
+        self.assertLess(no_naoh, 0.6 * ref)
+        self.assertGreater(t_no['p_co2_pa'], 1000.0)
+        self.assertLess(t_ref['p_co2_pa'], 50.0)
+        self.assertLess(still, 0.6 * ref)
+        self.assertLess(t_still['do_kg_m3'], 0.5 * t_ref['do_kg_m3'])
+        self.assertGreater(t_ref['remaining_bod_kg_m3'], -1e-12)
+
+    def test_nitrification_and_atu(self):
+        def run(atu):
+            g = Rig(seed=8)
+            g.kits('domestic_effluent', 'nth_600', 'nhp_600')
+            g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', sample_id='eff', volume_m3=1e-3, sources=[dict(source_id='domestic_effluent', volume_m3=1e-3)], aerate=True,
+                   temperature_k=293.15)
+            g.load('P1', 'h1', 'eff', 432.0, atu=atu)
+            g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+            g.step(5 * DAY + 4 * 3600)
+            return g.stored('h1')[-1], g.truth('P1')
+        with_atu, t1 = run(True)
+        without, t2 = run(False)
+        self.assertLess(t1['nitrified_n_kg_m3'], 2e-5)
+        self.assertGreater(t2['nitrified_n_kg_m3'], 1e-3)
+        self.assertGreater(without - with_atu, 0.7 * 4.57 * t2['nitrified_n_kg_m3'] * 1000)
+
+    def test_autotemp_cold_sample_and_latest_start(self):
+        starts = {}
+        for T in (293.15, 288.15, 285.15):
+            g = Rig(seed=2)
+            g.gga()
+            g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', sample_id='cold', volume_m3=5e-4, sources=[dict(source_id='std', volume_m3=5e-4)], temperature_k=T)
+            g.load('P1', 'h1', 'cold', 164.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+            g.step(4 * 3600)
+            ev = [e for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'] if e['code'] == 'MEASUREMENT_START']
+            starts[T] = ev[0]['time_s']
+            if T < 288.15:
+                self.assertIn('FILLING_TEMPERATURE_P1', g.read('warnings.active'))
+        self.assertEqual(starts[293.15], 3600.0 + 1800.0)
+        self.assertGreater(starts[288.15], starts[293.15])
+        self.assertLessEqual(max(starts.values()), 3 * 3600.0 + 60.0)
+
+    def test_autotemp_interval_scales_with_duration(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=2)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0, days=1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(2 * 3600)
+        ev = [e for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'] if e['code'] == 'MEASUREMENT_START']
+        self.assertEqual(ev[0]['time_s'], 3600.0 + 360.0)
+
+    def test_daily_storage_finish_green_led_and_display(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=6)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0, days=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(3600 + 1800 + DAY + 60)
+        self.assertEqual(len(g.stored('h1')), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h1']['state'], 'measuring')
+        g.step(DAY)
+        st = g.read('heads.status')['h1']
+        self.assertEqual(st['state'], 'finished')
+        self.assertEqual(st['led'], 'green')
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'head.read', head='h1')
+        self.assertEqual(r['label'], 'BOD2')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['value'], g.stored('h1')[-1])
+        g.step(DAY + 120)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h1']['led'], 'off')
+        self.assertEqual(len(g.stored('h1')), 2)
+
+    def test_units_and_digits_consistent(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=6)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0, days=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(2 * DAY + 3 * 3600)
+        mg = g.stored('h1')[-1]
+        raw = g.stored('h1', unit_value=False)[-1]
+        vals = {}
+        for u in ('digit', 'dhPa', 'hPa', 'mg/l'):
+            g.call(g.A, 'head.configure', head='h1', unit=u)
+            vals[u] = g.stored('h1')[-1]
+        self.assertEqual(vals['mg/l'], mg)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vals['dhPa'], round(raw['delta_p_pa'] / 100.0), delta=1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vals['digit'], round(vals['dhPa'] / rt.DIGIT_HPA), delta=1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(mg, vals['digit'] * 10.0, delta=12.0)        # factor 10 at 164 ml (manual table)
+        self.assertTrue(900 < vals['hPa'] < 1013)
+
+    def test_range_exceeded_still_displayed(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=9)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 432.0)                       # range 40 mg/l at 432 ml, GGA ~260 mg/l
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(3 * DAY)
+        st = g.stored('h1', unit_value=False)
+        self.assertTrue(any(x['over_range'] for x in st))
+        self.assertTrue(all(x['value'] is not None for x in st))
+        self.assertIn('RANGE_EXCEEDED_h1', g.read('warnings.active'))
+        tb = g.truth('P1')
+        self.assertLess(tb['do_kg_m3'], 0.002)                  # oxygen nearly exhausted in the small head space
+
+    def test_pm_tablet_matches_lot_value(self):
+        """BOD primer p.34-35: heads started and thermostatted 4-4.5 h off the bottle, then tablet, rubber sleeve without NaOH, head screwed on."""
+        g = Rig(seed=12)
+        g.kits('distilled_water')
+        g.call(g.E, 'kit.provide', kit='oxitop_pm', lot_test_value_kg_m3=0.21)
+        g.free('P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.fill', position='P1', sample_id='distilled_water', volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.add_stir_bar', position='P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.configure', head='h1', duration_days=5, unit='mg/l', sample_volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.start', head='h1')
+        g.step(4.25 * 3600)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h1']['state'], 'measuring')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.add_reagent', position='P1', reagent='oxitop_pm')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.insert_sleeve', position='P1', naoh_pellets=0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.screw_on', head='h1', position='P1')
+        g.step(5 * DAY)
+        v = g.stored('h1')[-1]
+        tol = 210.0 * 0.005 + 1.0 * rt.bod_factor(164.0) + 0.03 * 210.0
+        self.assertLess(abs(v - 210.0), tol, g.stored('h1'))
+
+    def test_pt_test_altitude_table(self):
+        for p, ctrl in ((101325.0, 39), (74700.0, 29), (89800.0, 35)):
+            g = Rig(seed=3, pressure=p)
+            g.call(g.A, 'head.pt_test', expect='HEAD_ON_BOTTLE', head='h2')
+            g.free('P2')
+            r = g.call(g.A, 'head.pt_test', head='h2')
+            self.assertEqual(r['control_digits'], ctrl)
+            self.assertTrue(r['passed'], r)
+            self.assertLessEqual(abs(r['measured_digits'] - ctrl), 3.0)
+
+    def test_untight_head_and_pellets_in_sample(self):
+        def run(fault=None, tight=True):
+            g = Rig(seed=10)
+            g.gga()
+            if fault:
+                g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault=fault, active=True, target='P1')
+            g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0, tight=tight)
+            g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+            g.step(5 * DAY + 4 * 3600)
+            return g.stored('h1')[-1], g.truth('P1'), g
+        ref, _, _ = run()
+        leak, _, _ = run(fault='head_untight')
+        loose, _, _ = run(tight=False)
+        naoh, t, g = run(fault='pellets_in_sample')
+        self.assertLess(leak, 0.85 * ref)
+        self.assertLess(loose, 0.85 * ref)
+        self.assertLess(naoh, 0.1 * ref)
+        self.assertTrue(g.call(g.E, 'bottle.inspect', position='P1')['state']['naoh_in_sample'])
+        self.assertGreater(g.call(g.E, 'bottle.inspect', position='P1')['state']['ph'], 11.0)
+
+    def test_door_and_incubator_failure(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=10, room=298.15)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(DAY)
+        p0 = g.truth('P1')['pressure_pa']
+        g.call(g.A, 'incubator.set_door', open=True)
+        g.step(600)
+        self.assertGreater(g.read('truth.incubator_air_k'), 296.0)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth('P1')['pressure_pa'], p0 - 50.0)          # warming opposes the BOD pressure drop
+        g.call(g.A, 'incubator.set_door', open=False)
+        g.step(4 * 3600)
+        self.assertLess(abs(g.read('truth.incubator_air_k') - 293.15), 0.5)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='incubator_failure', active=True)
+        g.step(6 * 3600)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.read('truth.incubator_air_k'), 298.15, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertGreater(g.truth('P1')['temperature_k'], 297.0)
+
+    def test_battery_low_red_led_dead_and_replace(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=10)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0, days=7)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(1.2 * DAY)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='battery_drain', active=True, target='h1')
+        n = len(g.stored('h1'))
+        low_seen = False
+        for _ in range(48 * 12):
+            g.step(300)
+            st = g.read('heads.status')['h1']
+            if st['battery_low'] and st['state'] == 'measuring':
+                low_seen = True
+                self.assertEqual(st['led'], 'red')
+            if st['state'] == 'dead':
+                break
+        self.assertTrue(low_seen)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h1']['state'], 'dead')
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(g.stored('h1')), n)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', expect='BATTERY_EMPTY', head='h1', key='M')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.replace_battery', head='h1')
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h1']['state'], 'off')
+        self.assertFalse(g.read('heads.status')['h1']['battery_low'])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(g.stored('h1')), n)
+
+    def test_led_flash_pattern_and_signal_led_off(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=10)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0)
+        lit = []
+        for _ in range(20):
+            g.step(0.5)
+            lit.append(g.read('led.h1_blue'))
+        self.assertEqual(sum(lit), 2)                            # 0.5 s on every 5 s
+        self.assertFalse(any(g.read('led.h1_red') for _ in range(1)))
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.set_system', head='h1', signal_led=False)
+        for _ in range(12):
+            g.step(0.5)
+            self.assertFalse(g.read('led.h1_blue'))
+
+    def test_display_switch_off_and_wake(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=10)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.set_system', head='h3', switch_off_s=60.0)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h3']['state'], 'idle')
+        g.step(61)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h3']['state'], 'off')
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'head.read', head='h3')
+        self.assertTrue(r['display_on'])
+        self.assertEqual(r['lines'][0], 'ID: 13')
+
+    def test_key_menu_navigation(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=10)
+        g.gga()
+        g.free('P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.fill', position='P1', sample_id='std', volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.insert_sleeve', position='P1', naoh_pellets=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.screw_on', head='h1', position='P1')
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='M')               # any key: display on
+        self.assertEqual(r['screen'], 'id')
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='ENTER')           # measurement settings
+        self.assertEqual(r['screen'], 'menu_meas')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='NAV')                 # duration 5 -> 6
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='ENTER')               # next item: unit
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='ENTER')               # next item: sample volume
+        for _ in range(4):                                                  # 432 -> 22.7 -> 43.5 -> 97 -> 164
+            g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='NAV')
+        st = g.read('heads.status')['h1']
+        self.assertEqual(st['duration_days'], 6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(st['sample_volume_m3'], 1.64e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='M')                   # back to the info page
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='M')               # start
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h1']['state'], 'adaption')
+        self.assertIn('AutoTemp', r['lines'])
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='M', long=True)
+        self.assertEqual(r['screen'], 'confirm_off')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='ENTER')               # no
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h1']['state'], 'adaption')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='M', long=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', head='h1', key='M')                   # yes
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h1']['state'], 'off')
+
+    def test_stop_keeps_values_restart_clears_and_unscrew_vents(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=10)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(1.2 * DAY)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.unscrew', head='h1')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.truth('P1')['pressure_pa'], 101325.0, delta=1.0)
+        g.step(600)
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'head.read', head='h1')
+        self.assertLess(abs(r['value'] or 0.0), 3.0 * rt.bod_factor(164.0))    # vented: no pressure difference left
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.stop', head='h1')
+        self.assertEqual(len(g.stored('h1')), 1)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.start', head='h1')
+        self.assertEqual(len(g.stored('h1')), 0)
+
+    def test_volume_setting_mismatch_warning(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=10)
+        g.gga()
+        g.free('P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.fill', position='P1', sample_id='std', volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.insert_sleeve', position='P1', naoh_pellets=2)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.screw_on', head='h1', position='P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.start', head='h1')                                # default setting 432 ml
+        self.assertIn('VOLUME_SETTING_h1', g.read('warnings.active'))
+
+
+class ReviewRound1(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_head_read_and_stored_slot_agree_over_range(self):        # R1-07 / C1-10
+        g = Rig(seed=9)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 432.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(3 * DAY)
+        slot = g.read('heads.stored_values')['h1']
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'head.read', head='h1')['stored']
+        self.assertTrue(any(x['over_range'] for x in slot))
+        self.assertEqual([x['value'] for x in slot], [x['value'] for x in r])
+        self.assertTrue(all(x['value'] is not None for x in r))
+
+    def test_empty_battery_while_off_is_dead(self):                  # R1-04
+        g = Rig(seed=9)
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='battery_drain', active=True, target='h3')
+        g.step(4 * DAY)
+        self.assertEqual(g.read('heads.status')['h3']['state'], 'dead')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.start', expect='BATTERY_EMPTY', head='h3')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.press_key', expect='BATTERY_EMPTY', head='h3', key='M')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.replace_battery', head='h3')
+        g.call(g.E, 'fault.inject', fault='battery_drain', active=False, target='h3')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.start', head='h3')
+
+    def test_filling_temperature_hidden_from_agent(self):           # R1-08
+        g = Rig(seed=9)
+        g.call(g.E, 'stock.provide', stock_id='cold', volume_m3=1e-3, composition=dict(substances=[], ph=7.0, temperature_k=284.65))
+        g.free('P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.fill', position='P1', sample_id='cold', volume_m3=4.32e-4)
+        agent_msgs = ' '.join(e['message_zh'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events'])
+        self.assertIn('FILLING_TEMPERATURE_P1', g.read('warnings.active'))
+        self.assertNotIn('11.5', agent_msgs)
+        ev = g.E.invoke(instance_id=INST, capability_id='events.read', arguments=dict(since_s=0.0), request_id='ev-truth')['result']['events']
+        self.assertTrue(any('11.5' in e['message_zh'] for e in ev))
+
+    def test_pt_control_values_full_primer_table(self):              # R1-06
+        table = rt.DOC['pt_test']
+        self.assertEqual(len(table['control_digits']), 29)
+        for alt in ('-200', '-100', '300', '700', '1100', '2300'):
+            g = Rig(seed=3, pressure=table['mean_pressure_hpa'][alt] * 100.0)
+            g.free('P2')
+            r = g.call(g.A, 'head.pt_test', head='h2')
+            self.assertEqual(r['control_digits'], table['control_digits'][alt], alt)
+            self.assertTrue(r['passed'], (alt, r))
+
+    def test_display_slot_text_matches_over_range_rule(self):      # C2-01 (round 2)
+        self.assertIn('超过50 digit仍显示数值', rt.SLOTS['display.h1_value']['meaning'])
+        g = Rig(seed=9)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 432.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(3 * DAY)
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'head.read', head='h1')
+        self.assertTrue(r['stored'][-1]['over_range'])
+        self.assertIsNotNone(g.read('display.h1_value'))
+
+    def test_pm_tablet_first_day_course(self):                       # R2-01 (round 2): BOD primer p.34 figure
+        g = Rig(seed=12)
+        g.kits('distilled_water')
+        g.call(g.E, 'kit.provide', kit='oxitop_pm', lot_test_value_kg_m3=0.30)
+        g.free('P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.fill', position='P1', sample_id='distilled_water', volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.add_stir_bar', position='P1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.configure', head='h1', duration_days=5, unit='mg/l', sample_volume_m3=1.64e-4)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.start', head='h1')
+        g.step(4.25 * 3600)
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.add_reagent', position='P1', reagent='oxitop_pm')
+        g.call(g.A, 'bottle.insert_sleeve', position='P1', naoh_pellets=0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.screw_on', head='h1', position='P1')
+        g.step(7 * 3600)
+        v7 = g.call(g.A, 'head.read', head='h1')['value']
+        g.step(12 * 3600)
+        v19 = g.call(g.A, 'head.read', head='h1')['value']
+        self.assertTrue(150.0 <= v7 <= 240.0, v7)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(v19, 280.0)
+
+    def test_key_components_wired_to_press_key(self):              # C1-08
+        comps = rt.CAPS['head.press_key']['component_ids']
+        self.assertTrue(all(f'head_{i}_key_{k}' in comps for i in range(1, 7) for k in ('m', 'enter', 'nav')))
+
+
+class Samples(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_sample_prepare_dilution_seed_ph_and_buffer(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=10)
+        g.kits('domestic_influent', 'dilution_water', 'settled_sewage_seed', 'distilled_water')
+        r = g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', sample_id='d10', volume_m3=1e-3, sources=[dict(source_id='domestic_influent', volume_m3=1e-4)],
+                   diluent='dilution_water', seed_volume_fraction=0.02, atu_kg_m3=0.005)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['dilution_factor'], 10.0)
+        s = g.h.samples['d10']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(s['subs']['ww_readily'], 95.0 * 0.1 + rt.sample_lib()['samples']['settled_sewage_seed']['components']['readily_mg_l'] * 0.02, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(s['atu'], 5.0, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(s['pt'], 3.75 * 0.88, places=9)
+        self.assertTrue(6.6 < s['ph'] < 7.6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', sample_id='adj', volume_m3=5e-4, sources=[dict(source_id='domestic_influent', volume_m3=5e-4)], ph_adjust_to=6.8)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.h.samples['adj']['ph'], 6.8)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rt.ph_of(g.h.samples['adj']['alk'], g.h.samples['adj']['dic'], g.h.samples['adj']['pt']), 6.8, places=6)
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', sample_id='aer', volume_m3=5e-4, sources=[dict(source_id='domestic_influent', volume_m3=5e-4)], aerate=True)
+        self.assertGreater(g.h.samples['aer']['ph'], 8.0)                          # CO2 stripped by aeration
+        g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', sample_id='dw', volume_m3=1e-3, sources=[dict(source_id='domestic_influent', volume_m3=1e-4)], diluent='distilled_water')
+        self.assertTrue(any(i['name'].startswith('osmotic') for i in g.h.samples['dw']['inhibitors']))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.h.samples['domestic_influent']['V'], 3e-3 - 1e-4 - 5e-4 - 5e-4 - 1e-4, places=12)
+
+    def test_library_substances_degradable_vs_refractory(self):
+        res = {}
+        for sub, c in (('phenol', 0.08), ('pentachlorophenol', 0.08), ('sodium_acetate', 0.15)):
+            g = Rig(seed=10)
+            g.kits('dilution_water', 'settled_sewage_seed', 'nth_600', 'nhp_600')
+            g.call(g.E, 'stock.provide', stock_id='s', volume_m3=1e-3, composition=dict(substances=[dict(substance_id=sub, concentration_kg_m3=c)], ph=7.0,
+                                                                                         alkalinity_mol_m3=1.0))
+            g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', sample_id='m', volume_m3=1e-3, sources=[dict(source_id='s', volume_m3=9.8e-4)], seed_volume_fraction=0.02,
+                   diluent='dilution_water', aerate=True)
+            g.load('P1', 'h1', 'm', 164.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+            g.step(5 * DAY + 4 * 3600)
+            thod = rt.substances()[sub]['thod_nh4_mg_mg'] * c * 1000 * 0.98
+            res[sub] = g.stored('h1')[-1] / thod
+        self.assertGreater(res['phenol'], 0.5)
+        self.assertGreater(res['sodium_acetate'], 0.5)
+        self.assertLess(res['pentachlorophenol'], 0.1)
+
+    def test_evaluator_substance_inhibitor_and_chlorine(self):
+        def run(**comp):
+            g = Rig(seed=10)
+            g.kits('nth_600', 'nhp_600')
+            g.call(g.E, 'substance.define', substance_id='cmpd_x', name='compound X', thod_kg_kg=1.5, f_ult=0.8, k20_per_s=3e-6)
+            dechlor = comp.pop('dechlorinate', False)
+            g.call(g.E, 'stock.provide', stock_id='w', volume_m3=1e-3, composition=dict(dict(substances=[dict(substance_id='cmpd_x', concentration_kg_m3=0.1)], ph=7.2,
+                                                                                            seed=dict(type='activated_sludge', volume_fraction=0.02)), **comp))
+            g.call(g.A, 'sample.prepare', sample_id='m', volume_m3=1e-3, sources=[dict(source_id='w', volume_m3=1e-3)], aerate=True, dechlorinate=dechlor)
+            g.load('P1', 'h1', 'm', 164.0)
+            g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+            g.step(5 * DAY + 4 * 3600)
+            return g.stored('h1')[-1]
+        base = run()
+        self.assertTrue(0.5 * 150 * 0.8 < base < 1.05 * 150 * 0.8 + 5.0, base)
+        tox = run(inhibitors=[dict(name='cu', concentration_kg_m3=0.002, ic50_kg_m3=0.001, hill=2.0)])
+        self.assertLess(tox, 0.5 * base)
+        chl = run(free_chlorine_kg_m3=0.002)
+        self.assertLess(chl, 0.2 * base)
+        rescued = run(free_chlorine_kg_m3=0.002, dechlorinate=True)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(rescued, base, delta=0.05 * base)
+
+    def test_events_provenance_ledger_trace(self):
+        g = Rig(seed=10)
+        g.gga()
+        g.load('P1', 'h1', 'std', 164.0)
+        g.call(g.A, 'platform.set_power', on=True)
+        g.step(2 * DAY)
+        codes = [e['code'] for e in g.call(g.A, 'events.read', since_s=0.0)['events']]
+        for c in ('START', 'AUTOTEMP_ZERO', 'MEASUREMENT_START'):
+            self.assertIn(c, codes)
+        prov = g.call(g.A, 'provenance.read')
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(prov['substances']), 80)
+        led = g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']
+        tb = g.truth('P1')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(led['o2_consumed_mg'], tb['o2_consumed_kg_m3'] * 1000 * tb['liquid_m3'] * 1000, delta=1e-6)
+        self.assertLessEqual(led['co2_absorbed_mol'], led['co2_produced_mol'] + led['co2_initial_mol'] + 1e-12)
+        self.assertGreater(led['co2_initial_mol'], 0.0)
+        tr = g.call(g.E, 'data.trace', head='h1', max_points=50)
+        self.assertEqual(len(tr['time_s']), 50)
+        dps = [x for x in tr['delta_p_pa'] if x is not None]
+        self.assertGreater(dps[-1], dps[0])
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.stop', head='h1')
+        g.call(g.A, 'head.unscrew', head='h1')
+        out = g.call(g.A, 'bottle.empty', position='P1')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(out['removed_m3'], 1.64e-4)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g.call(g.E, 'ledger.read')['ledger']['waste_m3'], 1.64e-4)
+
+
+class ZCoverage(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_all_capabilities_exercised(self):
+        implemented = {k for k in rt.CAPS if k not in rt.UNSUPPORTED}
+        missing = implemented - SEEN_CAPS
+        if len(SEEN_CAPS) > 5:
+            self.assertFalse(missing, sorted(missing))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_zwick_hit5p.py b/tests/test_asset_zwick_hit5p.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c63a604aea7141e1a8686e130f61a807be01c2d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_zwick_hit5p.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""CHEM-145 physical/event/protocol tests; no native scene or hardware claims."""
+import copy,hashlib,io,json,math,subprocess,sys,unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.integrate import quad
+ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1];sys.path.insert(0,str(ROOT))
+from scripts.asset_runtime.zwick_hit5p import *
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE={};CHECKS=[]
+def call(h,k,**a):
+ before=h.read('debug');r=h.invoke(k,**a);validate(CAPS[k]['output_schema'],r);after=h.read('debug');delta={x for x in after if before[x]!=after[x]}
+ if not delta<=set(CAPS[k]['effects']):raise AssertionError(f'{k}: undeclared {delta-set(CAPS[k]["effects"])}')
+ PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(k,[]).append(dict(time_s=h.time_s,phase=h.phase,result_keys=list(r),actual_call=True));return r
+
+def configured(plant=None,method=None):
+ h=ZwickHit5pRuntime()
+ for k,a in [('plant.configure',dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE,**(plant or {}))),('fixture.configure',FIXTURE_EXAMPLE),('method.configure',dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE,**(method or {}))),('power.set',dict(enabled=True)),('shield.set_open',dict(opened=False))]:call(h,k,**a)
+ h.step(.6);call(h,'pendulum.raise');h.step(3.);return h
+
+def calibrated(plant=None,method=None):
+ h=configured(plant,method);call(h,'calibration.start');call(h,'pendulum.catch');h.step(2);return h
+
+def loaded(plant=None,sample=None,method=None):
+ h=calibrated(plant,method);call(h,'pendulum.raise');h.step(5);call(h,'shield.set_open',opened=True);h.step(.6);call(h,'sample.load',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,**(sample or {})));call(h,'shield.set_open',opened=False);h.step(.6);return h
+
+def impact(h,catch=True):
+ call(h,'acquisition.start')
+ if catch:call(h,'pendulum.catch')
+ h.step(2);return call(h,'acquisition.result')
+
+class HITTest(unittest.TestCase):
+ def check(self,condition,key):self.assertTrue(condition,key);CHECKS.append(dict(id=key,status='passed',layer='process'))
+ def balanced(self,h):
+  b=call(h,'ledger.read');self.check(abs(b['energy_residual_j'])<2e-9,'mechanical_thermal_energy_balance');self.check(abs(b['mass_residual_kg'])<1e-15,'mass_balance');self.check(abs(b['volume_residual_m3'])<1e-18,'volume_balance');return b
+ def reject(self,h,k,code=None,**a):
+  state=copy.deepcopy({key:value for key,value in h.__dict__.items() if key!='_segment'});seg=h._segment
+  with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:h.invoke(k,**a)
+  if code:self.assertEqual(str(e.exception),code)
+  self.assertEqual(state,{key:value for key,value in h.__dict__.items() if key!='_segment'});self.assertIs(seg,h._segment)
+ def test01_fixed_config_and_units(self):
+  self.assertAlmostEqual(GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM*(1-math.cos(RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD)),.5);self.assertAlmostEqual(math.sqrt(2*.5/INERTIA_KG_M2)*.25,2.9);self.assertAlmostEqual(math.degrees(ENCODER_RESOLUTION_RAD),.018);self.assertEqual(SUPPORT_SPAN_M,.062);h=configured();self.reject(h,'fixture.configure','INVALID_ARGUMENT',**dict(FIXTURE_EXAMPLE,pendulum_energy_j=5));self.check(True,'nominal0_5J_not5J')
+ def test02_raise_is_finite_host_work(self):
+  h=ZwickHit5pRuntime();call(h,'plant.configure',**PLANT_EXAMPLE);call(h,'fixture.configure',**FIXTURE_EXAMPLE);call(h,'shield.set_open',opened=False);h.step(.6);call(h,'pendulum.raise');self.assertEqual(h.theta,0);h.step(.1);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.theta,.1,delta=1e-9);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.omega,1.,delta=1e-9);h.step(3);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.theta,RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD);b=self.balanced(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(b['host_work_j'],.5+.001*RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD,places=10)
+ def test03_independent_lossless_period_quadrature(self):
+  h=configured(dict(friction_torque_nm=0.));call(h,'calibration.start');call(h,'pendulum.catch');h.step(2);a=RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD;k=math.sin(a/2);quarter=math.sqrt(INERTIA_KG_M2/GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM)*quad(lambda u:1/math.sqrt(1-k*k*math.sin(u)**2),0,math.pi/2,epsabs=1e-12)[0];self.assertAlmostEqual(h.elapsed,2*quarter,delta=2e-8);self.assertAlmostEqual(abs(h.theta),a,places=10);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.calibration,0.,places=12);self.balanced(h)
+ def test04_actual_empty_calibration(self):
+  h=calibrated();r=call(h,'acquisition.result');alpha=r['release_angle_rad'];beta=abs(r['rebound_angle_rad']);tau=GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM*(math.cos(beta)-math.cos(alpha))/(alpha+beta);self.assertEqual(h.calibration,tau);self.assertNotEqual(h.calibration,PLANT_EXAMPLE['friction_torque_nm']);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.calibration,.001,delta=3e-6);self.check(True,'calibration_from_quantized_external_angles')
+ def test05_impact_reference_default(self):
+  h=loaded();r=impact(h);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(r['outcome'],'break');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['corrected_energy_j'],.16,delta=.0001);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['impact_strength_j_m2'],5000,delta=4);self.assertTrue(2.61<=r['observed_impact_speed_m_s']<=3.19);self.assertTrue(h.broken);self.balanced(h)
+ def test06_independent_impact_kinetic_drop(self):
+  h=loaded();call(h,'acquisition.start');h._new_segment();event=h._segment['end_ns'];h.step((event-h.time_ns)/1e9);expected_available=.5-PLANT_EXAMPLE['friction_torque_nm']*RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD;self.assertAlmostEqual(.5*INERTIA_KG_M2*h.omega*h.omega,expected_available-.16,delta=1e-10);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.absorbed,.16,places=14);self.balanced(h)
+ def test07_fracture_heat_damage_partition(self):
+  h=loaded();impact(h);b=self.balanced(h);self.assertAlmostEqual(b['sample_absorbed_j'],.16,places=13);self.assertAlmostEqual(b['sample_heat_j'],.128,places=13);self.assertAlmostEqual(b['sample_damage_stored_j'],.032,places=13);self.assertAlmostEqual(b['sample_thermal_j']+b['sample_heat_export_j'],.128,places=11)
+ def test08_no_break_is_not_full_strength(self):
+  h=loaded(sample=dict(behavior='unbreakable_proxy',no_break_restitution=.7));r=impact(h);self.assertEqual(r['outcome'],'no_break');self.assertEqual(r['validity'],'no_break');self.assertIsNone(r['impact_strength_j_m2']);self.assertFalse(h.broken);self.assertTrue(h.spent);self.assertGreater(h.theta,0);self.balanced(h)
+ def test09_capacity_upper_and_no_break(self):
+  h=loaded(sample=dict(host_charpy_strength_j_m2=20000.));r=impact(h);self.assertEqual(r['outcome'],'no_break');self.assertEqual(r['validity'],'above_working_range');self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'failed');self.assertIsNone(r['impact_strength_j_m2']);self.balanced(h)
+ def test10_capacity_lower(self):
+  h=loaded(sample=dict(host_charpy_strength_j_m2=1000.));r=impact(h);self.assertEqual(r['outcome'],'break');self.assertEqual(r['validity'],'below_working_range');self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'failed');self.assertIsNone(r['impact_strength_j_m2']);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['corrected_energy_j'],.032,delta=.00015)
+ def test11_complete_break_above_validrange(self):
+  h=loaded(sample=dict(host_charpy_strength_j_m2=14000.));r=impact(h);self.assertTrue(h.broken);self.assertEqual(r['outcome'],'break');self.assertEqual(r['validity'],'above_working_range');self.assertIsNone(r['impact_strength_j_m2']);self.balanced(h)
+ def test12_external_area_prior_required(self):
+  h=loaded(method=dict(remaining_area_prior_m2=None));r=impact(h);self.assertEqual(r['validity'],'valid');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['corrected_energy_j'],.16,delta=.0001);self.assertIsNone(r['impact_strength_j_m2']);self.check(True,'no_unknown_area_inversion')
+ def test13_external_analysis_independent_units(self):
+  h=configured();a=RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD;beta=math.acos(math.cos(a)+.2/GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM);r=call(h,'analysis.impact',release_angle_rad=a,rebound_angle_rad=-beta,friction_torque_nm=0.,remaining_area_prior_m2=2e-5,outcome='break');self.assertAlmostEqual(r['corrected_energy_j'],.2);self.assertAlmostEqual(r['impact_strength_j_m2'],10000.);self.assertEqual(r['validity'],'valid');self.check(True,'ISO179_J_per_m2_not_J_per_m')
+ def test14_method_only_changes_sampling(self):
+  a=loaded(method=dict(sample_interval_s=.001));b=loaded(method=dict(sample_interval_s=.01));ra=impact(a);rb=impact(b);self.assertEqual(a.absorbed,b.absorbed);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.theta,b.theta,places=12);self.assertEqual(ra['corrected_energy_j'],rb['corrected_energy_j']);self.assertGreater(len(ra['rows']),len(rb['rows']));self.check(True,'sampling_not_physics_time_scale')
+ def test15_60Hz_partition(self):
+  a=loaded();b=loaded();call(a,'acquisition.start');call(b,'acquisition.start');call(a,'pendulum.catch');call(b,'pendulum.catch');a.step(2.)
+  for _ in range(120):b.step(1/60)
+  self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);self.assertEqual(a.theta,b.theta);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.sample_U,b.sample_U,places=12);self.balanced(a);self.balanced(b)
+ def test16_natural_free_swing_partition(self):
+  a=configured();b=configured();call(a,'calibration.start');call(b,'calibration.start');a.step(5.)
+  for _ in range(137):b.step(5/137)
+  self.assertEqual(a.time_ns,b.time_ns);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.theta,b.theta,places=12);self.assertAlmostEqual(a.omega,b.omega,places=12);self.assertEqual(a.rows,b.rows);self.assertEqual(a.mechanical,'free');self.balanced(a)
+ def test17_completed_measurement_does_not_stop_motion(self):
+  h=loaded();r=impact(h,catch=False);self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'succeeded');self.assertEqual(h.mechanical,'free');theta=h.theta;h.step(.1);self.assertNotEqual(h.theta,theta);self.assertEqual(h.rows,r['rows']);self.balanced(h)
+ def test18_cancel_before_impact_still_breaks(self):
+  h=loaded();call(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(.1);call(h,'acquisition.stop');snapshot=call(h,'acquisition.result');theta=h.theta;call(h,'pendulum.catch');h.step(1);self.assertTrue(h.broken);self.assertTrue(h.spent);self.assertNotEqual(h.theta,theta);self.assertEqual(call(h,'acquisition.result'),snapshot);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');self.balanced(h)
+ def test19_power_off_keeps_physics(self):
+  h=loaded();call(h,'acquisition.start');h.step(.1);call(h,'power.set',enabled=False);call(h,'pendulum.catch');h.step(1);self.assertTrue(h.broken);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'cancelled');self.assertIsNone(h.read()['encoder.angle_rad']);self.assertIsNone(h.read()['measurement.energy_j']);self.balanced(h)
+ def test20_catch_only_at_future_turn(self):
+  h=configured();call(h,'calibration.start');h.step(.1);theta=h.theta;omega=h.omega;call(h,'pendulum.catch');self.assertEqual(h.theta,theta);self.assertEqual(h.omega,omega);self.assertEqual(h.mechanical,'free');h.step(1);self.assertEqual(h.mechanical,'held');self.assertEqual(h.omega,0.);self.assertGreater(h._energy(),.49);self.balanced(h)
+ def test21_free_decay_static_friction(self):
+  h=configured(dict(friction_torque_nm=.05));call(h,'calibration.start');h.step(20);self.assertEqual(h.mechanical,'held');self.assertAlmostEqual(h.omega,0);self.assertLessEqual(abs(GRAVITY_COEFFICIENT_NM*math.sin(h.theta)),.05+1e-10);self.balanced(h)
+ def test22_sample_removal_carries_energy(self):
+  h=loaded();impact(h);call(h,'pendulum.raise');h.step(5);call(h,'shield.set_open',opened=True);h.step(.6);m=call(h,'sample.remove');self.assertEqual(m['removed_mass_kg'],SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['mass_kg']);self.assertGreater(h.book['internal_removed_j'],0);self.assertGreater(h.book['sensible_removed_j'],0);self.assertFalse(h.sample);self.balanced(h)
+ def test23_sensible_load_no_energy_creation(self):
+  h=loaded(sample=dict(initial_temperature_k=297.15));self.assertAlmostEqual(h.book['sensible_loaded_j'],.00415*1200);self.balanced(h)
+ def test24_temperature_after_impact_invalid(self):
+  h=loaded(sample=dict(temperature_tolerance_k=.001));r=impact(h);self.assertTrue(h.broken);self.assertEqual(r['validity'],'temperature_invalid');self.assertEqual(r['phase'],'failed');self.assertIsNone(r['impact_strength_j_m2']);self.balanced(h)
+ def test25_temperature_source_guard(self):
+  h=calibrated();call(h,'pendulum.raise');h.step(5);call(h,'shield.set_open',opened=True);h.step(.6);self.reject(h,'sample.load','REFERENCE_TEMPERATURE_RANGE',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,initial_temperature_k=310.,temperature_tolerance_k=1.))
+ def test26_shield_and_loading_geometry(self):
+  h=configured();self.reject(h,'sample.load','LOADING_GEOMETRY',**SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);call(h,'calibration.start');self.reject(h,'shield.set_open','BUSY',opened=True);h.step(2);self.reject(h,'shield.set_open','PENDULUM_MOVING',opened=True);self.reject(h,'pendulum.raise','PENDULUM_MOVING');self.balanced(h)
+ def test27_no_calibration_no_measurement(self):
+  h=loaded();call(h,'calibration.clear');self.reject(h,'acquisition.start','CALIBRATION_REQUIRED');self.check(True,'empty_calibration_required')
+ def test28_spent_sample_cannot_repeat(self):
+  h=loaded();impact(h);call(h,'pendulum.raise');h.step(5);self.reject(h,'acquisition.start','SAMPLE_SPENT');self.check(True,'irreversible_sample_state')
+ def test29_non_numeric_inputs_atomic(self):
+  h=loaded();self.reject(h,'power.set','INVALID_ARGUMENT',enabled=1);self.reject(h,'method.configure','INVALID_ARGUMENT',**dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE,sample_interval_s=float('nan')));self.reject(h,'power.set','INVALID_ARGUMENT',enabled=True,unknown=0)
+  for dt in [True,-1,float('inf'),float('nan')]:
+   before=h.time_ns
+   with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):h.step(dt)
+   self.assertEqual(h.time_ns,before)
+  self.check(True,'input_schema_and_rejection_atomicity')
+ def test30_missing_reference_never_zero(self):
+  h=calibrated();call(h,'pendulum.raise');h.step(5);call(h,'shield.set_open',opened=True);h.step(.6);self.reject(h,'sample.load','MISSING_CHARPY_REFERENCE_OR_PRIOR',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,notch='unnotched',notch_depth_m=0.));call(h,'sample.load',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,notch='unnotched',notch_depth_m=0.,behavior='unbreakable_proxy'));self.assertIsNone(h.break_energy);self.check(True,'not_broken_N_not_zero')
+ def test31_real61_grade_references(self):
+  records=library();self.assertGreaterEqual(len(records),50)
+  for r in records.values():self.assertTrue(r['source']);self.assertEqual(r['reference_temperature_K'],296.15);self.assertTrue('charpy_notched_impact_strength_J_m2' in r)
+  self.check(True,'real_material_library_evidence_and_units')
+ def test32_declared_geometry_guards(self):
+  h=calibrated();call(h,'pendulum.raise');h.step(5);call(h,'shield.set_open',opened=True);h.step(.6);self.reject(h,'sample.load','INVALID_NOTCH_GEOMETRY',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,notch_depth_m=.01));self.reject(h,'sample.load','INVALID_VOLUME',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,volume_m3=1e-5));self.reject(h,'sample.load','ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED',**dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE,accept_reference_transfer_and_fracture_proxy=False));self.check(True,'remaining_notch_area_explicit')
+ def test33_sensor_quantization_not_exact_truth(self):
+  h=configured();call(h,'calibration.start');h.step(.123);value=h.read()['encoder.angle_rad'];self.assertAlmostEqual(value/ENCODER_RESOLUTION_RAD,round(value/ENCODER_RESOLUTION_RAD));self.assertNotEqual(value,h.theta);self.assertNotIn('pendulum.angle_rad',h.read());self.assertNotIn('truth.sample_absorbed_j',h.read());self.check(True,'exact_scene_states_restricted')
+ def test34_all_public_roles_redacted(self):
+  h=loaded();impact(h)
+  for role in ['agent','evaluator','debug']:
+   h.register_principal(role,role);h._owners[h.operation_id]=role;s=h.session(role);r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.result',arguments={},request_id='r');payload=json.dumps(r);self.assertNotIn(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id'],payload);self.assertNotIn('Ultradur',payload);self.assertNotIn('B4520',payload);self.assertNotIn(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id'],json.dumps(s.poll(h.operation_id)))
+  self.check(True,'privileged_bridge_public_result_filter')
+ def test35_private_provenance_snapshot(self):
+  h=loaded();impact(h);source=call(h,'provenance.read')['operation_source'];h.register_principal('a','agent');s=h.session('a');r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='provenance.read',arguments={},request_id='p');self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'],'ACCESS_DENIED');call(h,'pendulum.raise');h.step(5);call(h,'shield.set_open',opened=True);h.step(.6);call(h,'sample.remove');p=call(h,'provenance.read');self.assertIsNone(p['current_sample']);self.assertEqual(p['operation_source'],source)
+ def test36_idempotence_owner_and_cancel(self):
+  h=loaded();h.register_principal('a','agent');h.register_principal('b','agent');a=h.session('a');b=h.session('b');r=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start');self.assertEqual(a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='start'),r);h.step(.1)
+  with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):b.poll(r['operation_id'])
+  c=a.cancel(r['operation_id'],'cancel');self.assertEqual(a.cancel(r['operation_id'],'cancel'),c);bad=a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='power.set',arguments={'enabled':False},request_id='start');self.assertEqual(bad['error']['code'],'REQUEST_CONFLICT');self.check(True,'identity_owner_and_request_retry')
+ def test37_read_poll_do_not_advance(self):
+  h=loaded();h.register_principal('a','agent');s=h.session('a');r=s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id,capability_id='acquisition.start',arguments={},request_id='s');t=h.time_ns;theta=h.theta;rows=copy.deepcopy(h.rows)
+  for _ in range(10):s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id);s.poll(r['operation_id']);s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+  self.assertEqual(h.time_ns,t);self.assertEqual(h.theta,theta);self.assertEqual(h.rows,rows);self.check(True,'pure_read_describe_poll')
+ def test38_instance_isolation(self):
+  a=loaded();b=loaded(sample=dict(host_charpy_strength_j_m2=8000.));ra=impact(a);self.assertFalse(b.spent);rb=impact(b);self.assertNotEqual(ra['corrected_energy_j'],rb['corrected_energy_j']);self.assertAlmostEqual(b.absorbed,.256);self.check(True,'independent_instances')
+ def test39_no_fake_instrumented_modes(self):
+  h=configured()
+  for k in UNSUPPORTED:self.reject(h,k,'UNSUPPORTED')
+  self.check(True,'unsupported_is_negative_only')
+ def test40_schema_examples_and_all_reads(self):
+  meta=export_zwick_hit5p_contract_metadata();schemas=[v[s] for v in CAPS.values() for s in ['input_schema','output_schema']]+[v['schema'] for v in SLOTS.values()];r=subprocess.run([sys.executable,'-c','import sys,json;from jsonschema import Draft202012Validator;[Draft202012Validator.check_schema(s) for s in json.load(sys.stdin)]'],input=json.dumps(schemas),text=True,capture_output=True);self.assertEqual(r.returncode,0,r.stderr)
+  for k,c in CAPS.items():validate(c['input_schema'],c['example_arguments']);self.assertEqual(meta['capabilities'][k]['availability'],'unsupported' if k in UNSUPPORTED else 'implemented')
+  for k,v in configured().read('debug').items():validate(SLOTS[k]['schema'],v)
+  self.check(True,'all_contract_schemas_units_examples')
+ def test41_step_cap_and_fractional_ns(self):
+  h=configured();t=h.time_ns
+  for _ in range(60):call(h,'sim.step',dt_s=1/60)
+  self.assertEqual(h.time_ns-t,1_000_000_000);self.check(True,'fractional_ns_no_drift')
+ def test42_external_negative_energy_not_clipped(self):
+  h=configured();r=call(h,'analysis.impact',**dict(CAPS['analysis.impact']['example_arguments'],rebound_angle_rad=-RELEASE_ANGLE_RAD,friction_torque_nm=.001));self.assertLess(r['corrected_energy_j'],0);self.assertEqual(r['validity'],'negative_corrected_energy');self.assertIsNone(r['impact_strength_j_m2']);self.check(True,'negative_corrected_energy_not_hidden')
+ def test43_empty_requires_no_sample(self):
+  h=loaded();self.reject(h,'calibration.start','EMPTY_REQUIRED');self.reject(h,'sample.load','SAMPLE_PRESENT',**SAMPLE_EXAMPLE);self.check(True,'calibration_empty_guard')
+ def test44_sample_grid_and_event_labels(self):
+  h=loaded();r=impact(h);times=[x['time_s'] for x in r['rows'] if x['kind']=='sample'];self.assertTrue(np.allclose(np.diff(times),.002,atol=1e-12));self.assertEqual([x['kind'] for x in r['rows'] if x['kind']!='sample'],['impact','apex']);self.assertGreater(r['elapsed_s'],.5);self.check(True,'real_time_encoder_samples_and_events')
+ def test45_passive_heat_independent_solution(self):
+  h=loaded();impact(h);U=h.sample_U;C=.01+.00415*1200.;h.step(1.234);self.assertAlmostEqual(h.sample_U,U*math.exp(-.03*1.234/C),places=13);self.balanced(h)
+
+ def test46_stiff_thermal_configuration_rejected_atomically(self):
+  h=ZwickHit5pRuntime();self.reject(h,'plant.configure','THERMAL_TIME_CONSTANT_OUTSIDE_NUMERICAL_DOMAIN',**dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE,local_sample_heat_capacity_j_k=1e-6,sample_conductance_w_k=1e4));self.reject(h,'plant.configure','THERMAL_TIME_CONSTANT_OUTSIDE_NUMERICAL_DOMAIN',**dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE,bearing_heat_capacity_j_k=.001,bearing_conductance_w_k=1e4));h=configured(dict(local_sample_heat_capacity_j_k=.001,sample_conductance_w_k=1.,bearing_heat_capacity_j_k=.001,bearing_conductance_w_k=1.));call(h,'calibration.start');call(h,'pendulum.catch');h.step(2);self.assertEqual(h.phase,'succeeded');self.balanced(h);self.check(True,'thermal_minimum1ms_is_numerical_domain_not_OEM')
+
+if __name__=='__main__':unittest.main(verbosity=2)
diff --git a/tests/test_asset_zwick_mflow.py b/tests/test_asset_zwick_mflow.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4ca3aed030589e105d86bf6b4ddf09099ecfa6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_asset_zwick_mflow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,937 @@
+"""CHEM-146 ZwickRoell Mflow runtime tests: python3 -m unittest tests/test_asset_zwick_mflow.py
+
+Themes (pipeline.md): setpoints only write targets; read/describe/poll are pure; rejected preconditions leave the state
+unchanged; two instances are isolated; agent/evaluator truth isolation and result redaction; mass and energy
+conservation; real return values validate against the contract schemas; async completion / cancellation residue.
+Physics: PI heating and recovery, melting/compaction, die-flow transfer (load, temperature, friction, history),
+quantisation of the encoder / time base / display, cutter half turns, external weighing, ISO method A/B arithmetic.
+No native scene, robot or hardware claims.
+"""
+import copy
+import importlib.util
+import json
+import math
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
+sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT))
+from scripts.asset_runtime.zwick_mflow import *  # noqa: E402,F401,F403
+from scripts.asset_runtime import zwick_mflow as rt  # noqa: E402
+
+PROCESS_EVIDENCE = {}
+CHECKS = []
+_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('mflow_asset_tool', ROOT / 'skills/chemistry-lab-assets/scripts/asset_tool.py')
+asset_tool = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
+_spec.loader.exec_module(asset_tool)
+_ispec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location('mflow_interface', ROOT / 'outputs/expansion_batch04/t1_thermal/zwick_mflow/interface_definition.py')
+interface = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_ispec)
+_ispec.loader.exec_module(interface)
+TARGET = 523.15
+
+
+def call(h, k, **a):
+    """Invoke through the runtime, validate the returned value and check that only declared slots changed."""
+    before = h.read('debug')
+    r = h.invoke(k, **a)
+    validate(CAPS[k]['output_schema'], r)
+    problems = asset_tool.validate_value(r, CAPS[k]['output_schema'])
+    if problems:
+        raise AssertionError(f'{k}: {problems}')
+    after = h.read('debug')
+    delta = {x for x in after if before[x] != after[x]}
+    if not delta <= set(CAPS[k]['effects']):
+        raise AssertionError(f'{k}: undeclared state changes {sorted(delta - set(CAPS[k]["effects"]))}')
+    PROCESS_EVIDENCE.setdefault(k, []).append(dict(time_s=h.time_s, phase=h.phase, result_keys=sorted(r), actual_call=True))
+    return r
+
+
+def configured(plant=None, method=None, balance=True):
+    h = ZwickMflowRuntime()
+    call(h, 'plant.configure', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, **(plant or {})))
+    if balance:
+        call(h, 'balance.configure', **BALANCE_EXAMPLE)
+    call(h, 'method.configure', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, **(method or {})))
+    return h
+
+
+def heated(plant=None, method=None, target=TARGET, seconds=1500.0):
+    h = configured(plant, method)
+    call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+    call(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=target)
+    h.step(seconds)
+    return h
+
+
+def charged(plant=None, method=None, sample=None, target=TARGET, preheat=True, load=2.16):
+    """Heated barrel, charge loaded, piston inserted (piston load only) and preheated, then the test weight applied."""
+    h = heated(plant, method, target)
+    call(h, 'sample.load', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, **(sample or {})))
+    call(h, 'piston.insert')
+    h.step(8.0)
+    if preheat:
+        h.step(h.method['preheat_time_s'] - 8.0 + 1.0)
+    call(h, 'weight.configure', total_load_kg=load)
+    return h
+
+
+def run(h, limit=900.0):
+    call(h, 'acquisition.start')
+    t = 0.0
+    while h.phase == 'running' and t < limit:
+        h.step(1.0)
+        t += 1.0
+    h.step(30.0)        # let the automatic weighings settle
+    return call(h, 'acquisition.result')
+
+
+def reference_mvr():
+    ref = library()[SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id']]
+    return next(m['mvr_m3_s'] for m in ref['measurements'] if m['mvr_m3_s'] is not None and abs(m['reference_temperature_K'] - 523.15) < 1e-9)
+
+
+class MflowTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def check(self, condition, key, **data):
+        self.assertTrue(condition, key)
+        CHECKS.append(dict(id=key, status='passed', layer='process', **data))
+
+    def balanced(self, h):
+        b = call(h, 'ledger.read')
+        throughput = b['heater_input_j'] + b['ambient_export_j'] + abs(b['host_work_j'])
+        tol = 1e-6 + 1e-11 * throughput                        # double-precision accumulation over millions of sub-steps
+        self.check(abs(b['energy_residual_j']) < tol, 'energy_balance', residual_j=b['energy_residual_j'], tolerance_j=tol)
+        self.check(abs(b['mass_residual_kg']) < 1e-15, 'mass_balance', residual_kg=b['mass_residual_kg'])
+        return b
+
+    def reject(self, h, k, code=None, **a):
+        state = copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected) as e:
+            h.invoke(k, **a)
+        if code:
+            self.assertEqual(str(e.exception), code)
+        self.assertEqual(state, h.__dict__)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ documented constants and geometry agreement
+    def test01_documented_constants(self):
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(BARREL_DIAMETER_M, 0.00955)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(DIE_DIAMETER_M, 0.002095)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(DIE_LENGTH_M, 0.008)
+        self.assertEqual(LOAD_RANGE_KG, (0.325, 21.6))
+        self.assertEqual(TEMPERATURE_RANGE_K, (323.15, 723.15))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ENCODER_RESOLUTION_M, 3e-6)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(TIME_RESOLUTION_S, 0.002)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(STANDARD_AREA_M2 * 1e4, 0.7106, places=3)          # ISO 1133 mean area 0.711 cm^2
+        self.check(True, 'documented_specifications_and_iso_area')
+
+    def test02_runtime_matches_geometry_interface(self):
+        for q in [0.0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.08, 0.107, 0.12, 0.18]:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(sensor_arm_angle(q), interface.sensor_arm_angle(q), places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(SENSOR_RANGE_M[1], interface.SENSOR_CONTACT_RANGE_M[1], places=12)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(PISTON_TRAVEL_M, interface.PISTON_TRAVEL_M)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(DIE_DIAMETER_M, interface.DIE_DIAMETER_M)
+        self.assertEqual({m[1] for m in interface.MOTION}, {'piston.position_m', 'sensor_arm.angle_rad', 'cutter.angle_rad', 'power.angle_rad'})
+        for part, sid, capability, attr, unit, hi in interface.MOTION:
+            self.assertIn(sid, SLOTS)
+            self.assertIn(capability, CAPS)
+        for row in interface.READOUTS:
+            self.assertIn(row['source']['bridge'][0], SLOTS)
+        for key, capability in interface.KEY_COMMANDS.items():
+            self.assertIn(capability, CAPS)
+        self.check(True, 'runtime_constants_equal_geometry_interface')
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ setpoints, heating, control
+    def test03_setpoint_only_writes_target(self):
+        h = configured()
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        T = h.T_b
+        call(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=TARGET)
+        self.assertEqual(h.T_b, T)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['thermal.target_k'], TARGET)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.T_b, T)
+        self.check(True, 'set_temperature_is_target_only')
+
+    def test04_heat_up_rate_and_stability(self):
+        h = configured()
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        call(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=TARGET)
+        h.step(60.0)
+        rate = (h.T_b - PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k']) / 60.0
+        self.assertGreater(rate, 0.3)            # full heater power, >0.3 K/s at the start
+        times = []
+        for t in range(1, 1801):
+            h.step(1.0)
+            if abs(h.T_b - TARGET) < 0.1 and not times:
+                times.append(t + 60)
+        self.assertTrue(times and times[0] < 1200, times)
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.T_b - TARGET), 0.01)
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'pi_heating_within_20min_and_steady_state', first_within_0p1K_s=times[0], initial_rate_k_s=rate)
+
+    def test05_cooling_after_power_off(self):
+        h = heated()
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        T0 = h.T_b
+        h.step(600.0)
+        tau = PLANT_EXAMPLE['barrel_heat_capacity_j_k'] / PLANT_EXAMPLE['barrel_loss_w_k']
+        expected = PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'] + (T0 - PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k']) * math.exp(-600.0 / tau)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.T_b, expected, delta=0.05)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['thermal.indicated_k'])
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'passive_cooling_matches_analytic_first_order')
+
+    def test06_display_quantisation(self):
+        h = heated(seconds=200.0)
+        v = h.read()['thermal.indicated_k']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(v / 0.01, round(v / 0.01), places=6)
+        self.assertLessEqual(abs(v - h.T_b), 0.005 + 1e-9)
+        self.check(True, 'temperature_display_0p01K')
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ loading, melting, compaction
+    def test07_loading_requires_withdrawn_piston(self):
+        h = heated()
+        call(h, 'piston.insert')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.reject(h, 'sample.load', 'PISTON_NOT_WITHDRAWN', **SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        call(h, 'piston.withdraw')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        r = call(h, 'sample.load', **SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['column_height_m'], 0.006 / (800.0 * STANDARD_AREA_M2))
+        self.reject(h, 'sample.load', 'SAMPLE_PRESENT', **SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        self.check(True, 'loading_geometry_and_column_height')
+
+    def test08_melting_compaction_and_premature_flow(self):
+        h = heated()
+        call(h, 'sample.load', **SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        call(h, 'piston.insert')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertTrue(h.contact)
+        x0 = h.x
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(x0, 0.006 / (800.0 * STANDARD_AREA_M2), places=9)
+        h.step(280.0)
+        melted_height = h.m_s / (SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['melt_density_kg_m3'] * STANDARD_AREA_M2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.x, melted_height, places=9)
+        self.assertEqual(h.pellet, 0.0)
+        self.assertGreater(h.strand_kg, 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(h.strand_kg, 0.1 * SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['mass_kg'])      # piston-only preload keeps premature flow small
+        self.assertGreater(h._sample_T(), TARGET - 2.0)
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'melting_compaction_premature_flow', piston_mm=h.x * 1000, strand_g=h.strand_kg * 1000)
+
+    def test09_resolidification_does_not_restore_pellets(self):
+        h = heated()
+        call(h, 'sample.load', **SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        call(h, 'piston.insert')
+        h.step(300.0)
+        x = h.x
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        h.step(3000.0)
+        self.assertLess(h._sample_T(), SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['melting_low_k'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.pellet, 0.0)
+        self.assertLessEqual(h.x, x)
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'monotonic_compaction')
+
+    def test10_cold_charge_barrel_recovery(self):
+        h = heated()
+        call(h, 'sample.load', **SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        call(h, 'piston.insert')
+        dips = []
+        for _ in range(240):
+            h.step(1.0)
+            dips.append(h.T_b)
+        self.assertLess(min(dips), TARGET)
+        self.assertLess(abs(h.T_b - TARGET), 0.3)          # back within ISO-like tolerance within 4 min
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'temperature_recovery_after_charging', dip_k=TARGET - min(dips))
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ die flow and ISO results
+    def test11_reference_condition_mvr(self):
+        h = charged()
+        r = run(h)
+        self.assertEqual(r['phase'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(r['validity'], 'valid')
+        mvr = r['flow']['mvr_m3_s']
+        ref = reference_mvr()
+        friction = ((2.16 * GRAVITY - PLANT_EXAMPLE['piston_friction_n']) / (2.16 * GRAVITY)) ** (1 / SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['power_law_index'])
+        self.assertLess(abs(mvr / ref - 1.0), 0.03)
+        self.assertLess(mvr, ref * math.exp(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['history_rate_per_s'] * 600))
+        self.assertGreater(r['flow']['mfr_kg_s'], 0.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['flow']['density_at_test_temperature_kg_m3'], SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['melt_density_kg_m3'], delta=15.0)
+        self.assertEqual(r['flow']['weighed_segments'], sum(1 for s in r['segments'] if s['measurement_segment']))
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'iso_reference_condition_recovered', mvr_cm3_10min=mvr * 6e8, reference_cm3_10min=ref * 6e8, friction_factor=friction)
+
+    def test12_independent_flow_law_at_contact(self):
+        h = charged()
+        T, phi = h._sample_state()
+        n, Ea = SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['power_law_index'], SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['activation_energy_j_mol']
+        expected = (reference_mvr() * ((2.16 * GRAVITY - PLANT_EXAMPLE['piston_friction_n']) / (2.16 * GRAVITY)) ** (1 / n)
+                    * math.exp(-(Ea / (n * GAS_CONSTANT)) * (1 / T - 1 / 523.15)) * math.exp(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['history_rate_per_s'] * h.t_hist) * phi ** 3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._flow(T, phi), expected, delta=expected * 1e-12)
+        self.check(True, 'independent_power_law_transfer_formula')
+
+    def test13_load_scaling_power_law(self):
+        a = charged(method=dict(test_load_kg=2.16), load=2.16)
+        b = charged(method=dict(test_load_kg=5.0), load=5.0)
+        T = a._sample_T()
+        ratio = b._flow(T, 1.0) / a._flow(T, 1.0)
+        n = SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['power_law_index']
+        f = PLANT_EXAMPLE['piston_friction_n']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(ratio, ((5.0 * GRAVITY - f) / (2.16 * GRAVITY - f)) ** (1 / n), places=9)
+        self.check(True, 'load_scaling_one_over_n')
+
+    def test14_temperature_scaling_arrhenius(self):
+        h = charged()
+        n, Ea = SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['power_law_index'], SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['activation_energy_j_mol']
+        r = h._flow(533.15, 1.0) / h._flow(523.15, 1.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r, math.exp(-(Ea / (n * GAS_CONSTANT)) * (1 / 533.15 - 1 / 523.15)), places=9)
+        self.assertGreater(r, 1.0)
+        self.check(True, 'arrhenius_temperature_shift')
+
+    def test15_friction_reduces_flow_and_heats_barrel(self):
+        a = charged(plant=dict(piston_friction_n=0.0))
+        b = charged(plant=dict(piston_friction_n=2.0))
+        T = a._sample_T()
+        self.assertGreater(a._flow(T, 1.0), b._flow(T, 1.0))
+        rb = run(b)
+        self.assertGreater(b.book['friction_heat_j'], 0.0)
+        self.assertLess(rb['flow']['mvr_m3_s'], reference_mvr())
+        self.balanced(b)
+        self.check(True, 'piston_friction_effect')
+
+    def test16_thermal_history_changes_flow(self):
+        a = charged(sample=dict(history_rate_per_s=0.0))
+        b = charged(sample=dict(history_rate_per_s=5e-4))
+        T = a._sample_T()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b._flow(T, 1.0) / a._flow(T, 1.0), math.exp(5e-4 * b.t_hist), places=9)
+        self.assertGreater(b.t_hist, 100.0)
+        self.check(True, 'thermal_history_multiplier')
+
+    def test17_preheat_and_load_guards(self):
+        h = heated()
+        call(h, 'sample.load', **SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        call(h, 'piston.insert')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        call(h, 'weight.configure', total_load_kg=2.16)
+        self.reject(h, 'acquisition.start', 'PREHEAT_NOT_COMPLETE')
+        h.step(300.0)
+        call(h, 'weight.configure', total_load_kg=5.0)
+        self.reject(h, 'acquisition.start', 'LOAD_MISMATCH')
+        call(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=533.15)
+        call(h, 'weight.configure', total_load_kg=2.16)
+        self.reject(h, 'acquisition.start', 'TEMPERATURE_NOT_STABLE')
+        self.check(True, 'acquisition_preconditions')
+
+    def test18_window_and_encoder_quantisation(self):
+        h = charged()
+        r = run(h)
+        pos = [x['encoder_position_m'] for x in r['rows'] if x['encoder_position_m'] is not None]
+        self.assertTrue(all(abs(p / ENCODER_RESOLUTION_M - round(p / ENCODER_RESOLUTION_M)) < 1e-6 for p in pos))
+        times = [x['time_s'] for x in r['rows']]
+        self.assertTrue(all(abs(t / TIME_RESOLUTION_S - round(t / TIME_RESOLUTION_S)) < 1e-6 for t in times))
+        a, b = r['flow']['window_positions_m']
+        self.assertLessEqual(a, METHOD_EXAMPLE['window_upper_m'])
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(b, METHOD_EXAMPLE['window_lower_m'])
+        manual = analyze_flow(a, b, *r['flow']['window_times_s'], STANDARD_AREA_M2, [], None)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(manual['mvr_m3_s'], r['flow']['mvr_m3_s'], places=18)
+        self.check(True, 'encoder_3um_time_2ms_quantised_window')
+
+    def test19_segments_mass_conservation_and_weighing(self):
+        h = charged()
+        r = run(h)
+        segs = r['segments']
+        self.assertFalse(segs[0]['measurement_segment'])                    # trim cut removes the preheat extrudate
+        meas = [s for s in segs if s['measurement_segment']]
+        self.assertTrue(all(s['status'] == 'weighed' for s in meas))
+        self.assertTrue(all(abs(s['duration_s'] - METHOD_EXAMPLE['cut_interval_s']) < 1e-9 for s in meas))
+        for s in meas:
+            true = next(g['true_mass_kg'] for g in h.segments if g['segment_id'] == s['segment_id'])
+            self.assertLessEqual(abs(s['observed_mass_kg'] - true), BALANCE_EXAMPLE['resolution_kg'] / 2 + 1e-15)
+        b = self.balanced(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['extruded_mass_kg'], b['strand_mass_kg'] + b['segments_mass_kg'] + b['collected_mass_kg'], places=15)
+        self.check(True, 'cut_segments_weighed_on_external_balance', segments=len(meas))
+
+    def test20_manual_cut_half_turn(self):
+        h = charged()
+        call(h, 'piston.insert') if not h.contact else None
+        strand = h.strand_kg
+        self.assertGreater(strand, 0.0)
+        call(h, 'cutter.cut')
+        self.reject(h, 'cutter.cut', 'CUTTER_BUSY')
+        h.step(PLANT_EXAMPLE['cutter_half_turn_s'] * 0.25)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.cutter_angle, math.pi * 0.25, places=6)
+        self.assertGreater(h.strand_kg, strand)                                # still uncut before pi/2
+        h.step(PLANT_EXAMPLE['cutter_half_turn_s'] * 0.30)
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.segments), 1)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.cutter_angle, math.pi)
+        call(h, 'cutter.cut')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.cutter_angle, 0.0)                                   # alternate half turns
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.segments), 2)
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'cutter_alternate_half_turn_sever_at_pi_over_2')
+
+    def test21_balance_resolution_gain_offset_settling(self):
+        h = charged(method=dict(automatic_weighing=False))
+        call(h, 'balance.configure', **dict(BALANCE_EXAMPLE, resolution_kg=1e-6, gain=1.01, offset_kg=2e-6, settling_s=6.0))
+        r = run(h)
+        seg = next(s for s in r['segments'] if s['measurement_segment'])
+        self.assertEqual(seg['status'], 'unweighed')
+        call(h, 'balance.weigh', segment_id=seg['segment_id'])
+        self.reject(h, 'balance.weigh', 'SEGMENT_ALREADY_WEIGHED_OR_QUEUED', segment_id=seg['segment_id'])
+        h.step(5.9)
+        self.assertEqual(next(g for g in h.segments if g['segment_id'] == seg['segment_id'])['status'], 'weighing')
+        h.step(0.2)
+        g = next(g for g in h.segments if g['segment_id'] == seg['segment_id'])
+        self.assertEqual(g['status'], 'weighed')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(g['observed_mass_kg'], round((1.01 * g['true_mass_kg'] + 2e-6) / 1e-6) * 1e-6, places=15)
+        c = call(h, 'calibration.balance', observed_low_kg=2e-6, observed_high_kg=1.01e-3 + 2e-6, reference_low_kg=0.0, reference_high_kg=1e-3)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c['scale'], 1 / 1.01, places=9)
+        self.check(True, 'external_balance_proxy_behaviour')
+
+    def test22_encoder_two_point_calibration(self):
+        h = charged()
+        before = h.read()['encoder.position_m']
+        c = call(h, 'calibration.encoder', observed_low_m=0.010, observed_high_m=0.061, reference_low_m=0.010, reference_high_m=0.060)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(c['scale'], 50 / 51, places=12)
+        after = h.read()['encoder.position_m']
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(after, quantize(c['scale'] * h.x + c['offset_m'], ENCODER_RESOLUTION_M), places=12)
+        self.assertNotEqual(before, after)
+        self.reject(h, 'calibration.encoder', 'DEGENERATE_CALIBRATION', observed_low_m=0.01, observed_high_m=0.01, reference_low_m=0.01, reference_high_m=0.06)
+        self.check(True, 'encoder_calibration_from_external_observations')
+
+    def test23_encoder_range_and_arm(self):
+        h = configured()
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['encoder.position_m'])                    # withdrawn piston above the transducer range
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h.read('debug')['sensor_arm.angle_rad'], interface.SENSOR_ARM_LIMITS_RAD[1], places=12)
+        call(h, 'piston.insert')
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.x, 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['encoder.position_m'], 0.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read('debug')['sensor_arm.angle_rad'], 0.0)
+        self.check(True, 'encoder_range_and_arm_mapping')
+
+    def test24_validity_preheat_below_iso(self):
+        h = charged(method=dict(preheat_time_s=120.0))
+        r = run(h)
+        self.assertEqual(r['validity'], 'preheat_below_iso_minimum')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['measurement.mvr_m3_s'])
+        self.check(True, 'iso_preheat_minimum_flag')
+
+    def test25_validity_started_below_window(self):
+        h = charged()
+        h.step(60.0)                        # full load already pushes the piston through the upper window edge
+        r = run(h)
+        self.assertEqual(r['validity'], 'window_not_traversed')
+        self.assertEqual(r['terminal_reason'], 'STARTED_BELOW_WINDOW')
+        self.assertEqual(r['phase'], 'failed')
+        self.check(True, 'window_must_be_traversed')
+
+    def test26_temperature_excursion_invalidates(self):
+        h = charged(method=dict(temperature_tolerance_k=0.2))
+        call(h, 'acquisition.start')
+        call(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', target_k=528.15)
+        while h.phase == 'running':
+            h.step(1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(h.validity, 'temperature_out_of_tolerance')
+        self.check(True, 'temperature_excursion_flag')
+
+    def test27_duration_limit(self):
+        h = charged(method=dict(duration_s=5.0))
+        r = run(h)
+        self.assertEqual(r['terminal_reason'], 'DURATION_ELAPSED')
+        self.assertEqual(r['validity'], 'window_not_traversed')
+        self.check(True, 'duration_limit')
+
+    def test28_sample_exhausted(self):
+        h = charged(sample=dict(mass_kg=0.0032), method=dict(window_lower_m=0.005, window_upper_m=0.020))
+        r = run(h)
+        self.assertIn(r['terminal_reason'], ('SAMPLE_EXHAUSTED', 'WINDOW_TRAVERSED', 'STARTED_BELOW_WINDOW'))
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'small_charge_end_conditions')
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ async, cancellation, power
+    def test29_stop_keeps_physics(self):
+        h = charged()
+        call(h, 'acquisition.start')
+        h.step(12.0)
+        call(h, 'acquisition.stop')
+        snap = call(h, 'acquisition.result')
+        x = h.x
+        strand = h.strand_kg
+        h.step(20.0)
+        self.assertLess(h.x, x)                    # the loaded piston keeps extruding
+        self.assertGreater(h.strand_kg + sum(g['true_mass_kg'] for g in h.segments), strand)
+        self.assertEqual(call(h, 'acquisition.result')['rows'], snap['rows'])
+        self.assertEqual(snap['phase'], 'cancelled')
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'cancel_freezes_record_not_physics')
+
+    def test30_power_off_cancels(self):
+        h = charged()
+        call(h, 'acquisition.start')
+        h.step(3.0)
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        self.assertEqual(h.phase, 'cancelled')
+        self.assertEqual(h.terminal_reason, 'POWER_OFF')
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['encoder.position_m'])
+        self.assertIsNone(h.read()['thermal.indicated_k'])
+        self.reject(h, 'cutter.cut', 'POWER_OFF')
+        h.step(60.0)
+        self.assertLess(h.T_b, TARGET)
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'power_off_semantics')
+
+    def test31_busy_guard_atomic(self):
+        h = charged()
+        call(h, 'acquisition.start')
+        self.reject(h, 'weight.configure', 'BUSY', total_load_kg=5.0)
+        self.reject(h, 'piston.withdraw', 'BUSY')
+        self.reject(h, 'sample.remove', 'BUSY')
+        self.reject(h, 'acquisition.start', 'BUSY')
+        self.check(True, 'busy_rejections_atomic')
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ removal, clearing, conservation
+    def test32_remove_and_clear_conserve(self):
+        h = charged()
+        run(h)
+        call(h, 'piston.withdraw')
+        h.step(15.0)
+        rem = call(h, 'sample.remove')
+        self.assertGreater(rem['removed_mass_kg'], 0.0)
+        clr = call(h, 'collection.clear')
+        self.assertGreater(clr['collected_mass_kg'], 0.0)
+        b = self.balanced(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['loaded_mass_kg'], b['removed_mass_kg'] + b['collected_mass_kg'], places=15)
+        self.assertGreater(b['host_work_j'], 0.0)
+        self.check(True, 'remove_and_collect_close_ledgers')
+
+    def test33_step_partition_independence(self):
+        a = charged()
+        b = charged()
+        call(a, 'acquisition.start')
+        call(b, 'acquisition.start')
+        a.step(6.0)
+        for _ in range(360):
+            b.step(1 / 60)
+        self.assertEqual(a.time_ns, b.time_ns)
+        self.assertEqual(a.rows, b.rows)                                     # quantised observations identical
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.x, b.x, delta=ENCODER_RESOLUTION_M / 10)     # explicit sub-steps: O(dt) truth difference
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(a.T_b, b.T_b, delta=1e-4)
+        self.balanced(a)
+        self.balanced(b)
+        self.check(True, 'partition_changes_truth_below_resolution_rows_identical', piston_difference_m=abs(a.x - b.x), barrel_difference_k=abs(a.T_b - b.T_b))
+
+    def test34_fractional_nanosecond_clock(self):
+        h = configured()
+        t = h.time_ns
+        for _ in range(60):
+            call(h, 'sim.step', dt_s=1 / 60)
+        self.assertEqual(h.time_ns - t, 1_000_000_000)
+        self.check(True, 'fractional_ns_no_drift')
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ roles, redaction, sessions
+    def test35_agent_truth_isolation(self):
+        h = charged()
+        agent_view = h.read('agent')
+        self.assertFalse(any(k.startswith('truth.') for k in agent_view))
+        for k in ('piston.position_m', 'piston.target_m', 'sensor_arm.angle_rad', 'cutter.angle_rad', 'extrudate.length_m', 'heater.output_fraction'):
+            self.assertNotIn(k, agent_view)
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='provenance.read', arguments={}, request_id='p')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='sample.remove', arguments={}, request_id='x')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_ids=['truth.flow_m3_s'])
+        self.check(True, 'agent_cannot_read_truth_or_provenance')
+
+    def test36_result_redacted_for_all_roles(self):
+        h = charged()
+        run(h)
+        for role in ['agent', 'evaluator', 'debug']:
+            h.register_principal(role, role)
+            h._owners[h.operation_id] = role
+            s = h.session(role)
+            r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.result', arguments={}, request_id='r')
+            payload = json.dumps(r) + json.dumps(s.poll(h.operation_id))
+            self.assertNotIn(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['reference_id'], payload)
+            self.assertNotIn('B4520', payload)
+            self.assertNotIn('Ultradur', payload)
+        p = call(h, 'provenance.read')
+        self.assertIn('basf_ultradur_b4520', p['operation_source'])
+        self.check(True, 'public_result_redaction_private_provenance')
+
+    def test37_idempotence_owner_cancel(self):
+        h = charged()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('b', 'agent')
+        a = h.session('a')
+        b = h.session('b')
+        r = a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.start', arguments={}, request_id='start')
+        self.assertEqual(a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.start', arguments={}, request_id='start'), r)
+        h.step(1.0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            b.poll(r['operation_id'])
+        denied = b.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.stop', arguments={}, request_id='s')
+        self.assertEqual(denied['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        c = a.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'cancel')
+        self.assertEqual(a.cancel(r['operation_id'], 'cancel'), c)
+        bad = a.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='power.set', arguments={'enabled': False}, request_id='start')
+        self.assertEqual(bad['error']['code'], 'REQUEST_CONFLICT')
+        self.check(True, 'request_idempotence_and_operation_owner')
+
+    def test38_read_describe_poll_pure(self):
+        h = charged()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        r = s.invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.start', arguments={}, request_id='s')
+        h.step(2.0)
+        snapshot = copy.deepcopy(h.__dict__)
+        for _ in range(5):
+            s.read(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+            s.poll(r['operation_id'])
+            s.describe(instance_id=h.instance_id)
+        self.assertEqual(snapshot, h.__dict__)
+        self.check(True, 'pure_read_describe_poll')
+
+    def test39_write_via_capability(self):
+        h = configured()
+        h.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        s = h.session('e')
+        r = s.write(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_id='thermal.target_k', value=493.15, request_id='w')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.assertEqual(h.target_k, 493.15)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            s.write(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_id='truth.sample_mass_kg', value=1.0, request_id='w2')
+        self.check(True, 'read_write_slots_use_capabilities')
+
+    def test40_instance_isolation(self):
+        a = charged(sample=dict(reference_id='basf_ultradur_b4520'))
+        b = charged(sample=dict(reference_id='basf_ultradur_b1520_fc_r01'))
+        ra = run(a)
+        self.assertEqual(b.phase, 'idle')
+        rb = run(b)
+        self.assertGreater(rb['flow']['mvr_m3_s'], 3 * ra['flow']['mvr_m3_s'])
+        self.balanced(a)
+        self.balanced(b)
+        self.check(True, 'independent_instances_different_grades')
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ inputs, library, schemas, unsupported
+    def test41_reference_cell_guards(self):
+        h = heated()
+        self.reject(h, 'sample.load', 'NO_NUMERIC_REFERENCE_AT_CONDITION', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, reference_temperature_k=548.15))
+        self.reject(h, 'sample.load', 'UNKNOWN_REFERENCE', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, reference_id='pure_water'))
+        self.reject(h, 'sample.load', 'CHARGE_EXCEEDS_BARREL', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, mass_kg=0.02, bulk_density_kg_m3=500.0))
+        self.reject(h, 'sample.load', 'ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, accept_rheology_thermal_density_and_packing_assumptions=False))
+        self.reject(h, 'sample.load', 'INVALID_MELTING_RANGE', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, melting_low_k=500.0, melting_high_k=490.0))
+        self.check(True, 'reference_cell_and_input_guards')
+
+    def test42_library_real_references(self):
+        records = library()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(len(records), 50)
+        numeric = 0
+        for r in records.values():
+            self.assertTrue(r['source'])
+            self.assertIsNone(r['melt_density_kg_m3'])
+            self.assertIsNone(r['power_law_exponent'])
+            for m in r['measurements']:
+                if m['mvr_m3_s'] is not None:
+                    numeric += 1
+                    self.assertAlmostEqual(m['mvr_m3_s'], float(m['raw_value']) * 1e-6 / 600, places=18)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(numeric, 60)
+        self.check(True, 'real_material_library_units', grades=len(records), numeric_cells=numeric)
+
+    def test43_every_numeric_cell_loadable(self):
+        loaded = 0
+        for rid, r in library().items():
+            for m in r['measurements']:
+                if m['mvr_m3_s'] is None:
+                    continue
+                h = configured()
+                call(h, 'sample.load', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, reference_id=rid, reference_temperature_k=m['reference_temperature_K'], reference_load_kg=m['reference_load_kg']))
+                loaded += 1
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(loaded, 60)
+        self.check(True, 'all_numeric_reference_cells_loadable', cells=loaded)
+
+    def test44_invalid_inputs_atomic(self):
+        h = configured()
+        self.reject(h, 'power.set', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', enabled=1)
+        self.reject(h, 'method.configure', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, sample_interval_s=float('nan')))
+        self.reject(h, 'method.configure', 'INVALID_WINDOW', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, window_upper_m=0.02, window_lower_m=0.05))
+        self.reject(h, 'method.configure', 'SAMPLING_NOT_ON_TIME_BASE', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, sample_interval_s=0.003))
+        self.reject(h, 'thermal.set_temperature', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', target_k=800.0)
+        self.reject(h, 'weight.configure', 'INVALID_ARGUMENT', total_load_kg=25.0)
+        self.reject(h, 'plant.configure', 'PLANT_ALREADY_CONFIGURED', **PLANT_EXAMPLE)
+        for dt in [True, -1, float('inf'), float('nan')]:
+            before = h.time_ns
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+                h.step(dt)
+            self.assertEqual(h.time_ns, before)
+        g = ZwickMflowRuntime()
+        self.reject(g, 'plant.configure', 'ENGINEERING_ACCEPTANCE_REQUIRED', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, accept_engineering=False))
+        self.reject(g, 'plant.configure', 'THERMAL_TIME_CONSTANT_OUTSIDE_NUMERICAL_DOMAIN', **dict(PLANT_EXAMPLE, barrel_heat_capacity_j_k=100.0, controller_gain_w_k=1000.0))
+        self.check(True, 'input_schema_and_rejection_atomicity')
+
+    def test45_unsupported_negative_only(self):
+        h = configured()
+        for k in UNSUPPORTED:
+            self.reject(h, k, 'UNSUPPORTED')
+        self.check(True, 'unsupported_is_negative_only')
+
+    def test46_contract_schemas_examples_and_reads(self):
+        meta = export_zwick_mflow_contract_metadata()
+        schemas = [v[s] for v in CAPS.values() for s in ['input_schema', 'output_schema']] + [v['schema'] for v in SLOTS.values()]
+        r = subprocess.run([sys.executable, '-c', 'import sys,json;from jsonschema import Draft202012Validator;[Draft202012Validator.check_schema(s) for s in json.load(sys.stdin)]'],
+                           input=json.dumps(schemas), text=True, capture_output=True)
+        self.assertEqual(r.returncode, 0, r.stderr)
+        for s in schemas:
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.lint_schema(s), [])
+        for k, c in CAPS.items():
+            validate(c['input_schema'], c['example_arguments'])
+            self.assertEqual(meta['capabilities'][k]['availability'], 'unsupported' if k in UNSUPPORTED else 'implemented')
+        h = charged()
+        run(h)
+        for k, v in h.read('debug').items():
+            validate(SLOTS[k]['schema'], v)
+            self.assertEqual(asset_tool.validate_value(v, SLOTS[k]['schema']), [])
+        self.assertEqual(set(meta['state_slots']), set(SLOTS))
+        self.check(True, 'all_contract_schemas_units_examples')
+
+    def test47_analysis_pure_function(self):
+        h = configured()
+        r = call(h, 'analysis.flow', start_position_m=0.05, end_position_m=0.02, start_time_s=0.0, end_time_s=60.0, area_prior_m2=STANDARD_AREA_M2,
+                 weighed_segments=[dict(mass_kg=3.8e-4, duration_s=10.0), dict(mass_kg=3.9e-4, duration_s=10.0)], melt_density_prior_kg_m3=1110.0)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['mvr_m3_s'], 0.03 * STANDARD_AREA_M2 / 60.0, places=20)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['mfr_g_10min'], 7.7e-4 / 20.0 * 6e5, places=9)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r['density_derived_mfr_kg_s'], r['mvr_m3_s'] * 1110.0, places=18)
+        with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+            h.invoke('analysis.flow', **dict(CAPS['analysis.flow']['example_arguments'], end_time_s=0.0))
+        self.check(True, 'iso_arithmetic_on_supplied_observations')
+
+    def test48_weight_change_host_work(self):
+        h = configured()
+        call(h, 'piston.insert')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        call(h, 'weight.configure', total_load_kg=2.16)
+        call(h, 'piston.withdraw')
+        h.step(12.0)
+        b = self.balanced(h)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(b['load_potential_j'], 2.16 * GRAVITY * PISTON_TRAVEL_M, places=9)
+        self.check(True, 'manual_lift_and_weights_host_work')
+
+    def test49_panel_started_operation_visible_to_operators(self):
+        h = charged()
+        h.register_principal('panel', 'evaluator')
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('b', 'agent')
+        started = h.session('panel').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.start', arguments={}, request_id='key')
+        self.assertEqual(started['status'], 'accepted')
+        h.step(2.0)
+        r = h.session('a').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.result', arguments={}, request_id='r')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        stop = h.session('b').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.stop', arguments={}, request_id='s')
+        self.assertEqual(stop['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.check(True, 'panel_or_host_started_operation_shared_with_operators')
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ regressions for the independent review findings
+    def test50_agent_never_sees_exact_position(self):
+        h = charged()
+        call(h, 'acquisition.start')
+        for _ in range(40):
+            h.step(0.5)
+            view = h.read('agent')
+            self.assertNotIn('piston.target_m', view)
+            self.assertNotIn('piston.position_m', view)
+            enc = view['encoder.position_m']
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(enc / ENCODER_RESOLUTION_M, round(enc / ENCODER_RESOLUTION_M), places=6)
+        self.check(True, 'F01_exact_piston_position_restricted')
+
+    def test51_finished_record_immutable_after_clear_method_change_and_other_weighings(self):
+        h = charged()
+        r = run(h)
+        before = call(h, 'acquisition.result')
+        call(h, 'method.configure', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, window_upper_m=0.040, window_lower_m=0.030))
+        call(h, 'collection.clear')
+        h.step(20.0)                               # keep extruding, then a manual cut and its weighing
+        call(h, 'cutter.cut')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        manual = h.segments[-1]['segment_id']
+        call(h, 'balance.weigh', segment_id=manual)
+        h.step(10.0)
+        after = call(h, 'acquisition.result')
+        self.assertEqual(after, before)
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['measurement.mvr_m3_s'], r['flow']['mvr_m3_s'])
+        self.assertEqual(h.read()['measurement.mfr_kg_s'], r['flow']['mfr_kg_s'])
+        self.check(True, 'F02_F03_record_immutable')
+
+    def test52_late_weighing_reaches_its_own_record(self):
+        h = charged(method=dict(automatic_weighing=False))
+        first = run(h)
+        seg = next(s for s in first['segments'] if s['measurement_segment'])
+        call(h, 'piston.withdraw')
+        h.step(10.0)
+        call(h, 'sample.remove')
+        call(h, 'sample.load', **SAMPLE_EXAMPLE)
+        call(h, 'piston.insert')
+        h.step(320.0)
+        call(h, 'balance.weigh', segment_id=seg['segment_id'])
+        call(h, 'acquisition.start')                  # a new run starts while the old segment is still settling
+        h.step(10.0)
+        h.register_principal('e', 'evaluator')
+        old = h.records[first['operation_id']]
+        weighed = next(s for s in old['segments'] if s['segment_id'] == seg['segment_id'])
+        self.assertEqual(weighed['status'], 'weighed')
+        self.assertIsNotNone(old['flow']['mfr_kg_s'])
+        self.check(True, 'F04_late_weighing_backfills_owner_record')
+
+    def test53_small_charge_high_conductance_stable(self):
+        h = heated(plant=dict(sample_conductance_w_k=20.0))
+        call(h, 'sample.load', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, mass_kg=1e-4))
+        for _ in range(200):
+            h.step(0.05)
+            T = h._sample_T()
+            self.assertTrue(PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'] - 1e-9 <= T <= TARGET + 0.5, T)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(h._sample_T(), h.T_b, delta=0.05)
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'F05_unconditionally_stable_exchange')
+
+    def test54_history_multiplier_bounded(self):
+        h = heated()
+        call(h, 'sample.load', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, history_rate_per_s=0.005))
+        h.step(20 * 3600.0)
+        h.step(20 * 3600.0)                         # 40 h molten (one step is limited to 24 h)
+        call(h, 'piston.insert')
+        h.step(30.0)
+        T, phi = h._sample_state()
+        self.assertTrue(math.isfinite(h._flow(T, phi)))
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'F06_history_bounded_no_overflow')
+
+    def test55_cutter_continuous_after_power_off_mid_turn(self):
+        h = charged()
+        call(h, 'cutter.cut')
+        h.step(PLANT_EXAMPLE['cutter_half_turn_s'] * 0.3)
+        stopped = h.cutter_angle
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=False)
+        call(h, 'power.set', enabled=True)
+        call(h, 'cutter.cut')
+        last = h.cutter_angle
+        self.assertEqual(last, stopped)
+        n = len(h.segments)
+        while h._cut is not None:
+            h.step(0.001)
+            self.assertLessEqual(abs(h.cutter_angle - last), math.pi / PLANT_EXAMPLE['cutter_half_turn_s'] * 0.001 + 1e-9)
+            last = h.cutter_angle
+        self.assertEqual(h.cutter_angle, math.pi)
+        self.assertEqual(len(h.segments), n + 1)
+        self.check(True, 'F07_no_cutter_angle_jump')
+
+    def test56_bulk_density_and_zero_width_melting(self):
+        h = heated()
+        self.reject(h, 'sample.load', 'BULK_DENSITY_EXCEEDS_MELT_DENSITY', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, bulk_density_kg_m3=1200.0))
+        call(h, 'sample.load', **dict(SAMPLE_EXAMPLE, melting_low_k=493.15, melting_high_k=493.15))
+        s = h.sample
+        h_lo = s['specific_heat_j_kg_k'] * (493.15 - PLANT_EXAMPLE['ambient_k'])
+        T, phi = h._phase_of_h(h_lo + 0.3 * s['latent_heat_j_kg'])
+        self.assertEqual(T, 493.15)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(phi, 0.3, places=12)
+        self.check(True, 'F08_F09_density_and_enthalpy_melt_fraction')
+
+    def test57_row_bound_and_structured_session_errors(self):
+        h = configured()
+        self.reject(h, 'method.configure', 'TOO_MANY_SAMPLES', **dict(METHOD_EXAMPLE, duration_s=3600.0, sample_interval_s=0.002))
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        s = h.session('a')
+        for bad in ([1], {'x': 1}, None):
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+                s.poll(bad)
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+                s.write(instance_id=h.instance_id, state_id=bad, value=1.0, request_id='w')
+            with self.assertRaises(ActionRejected):
+                s.cancel(bad, 'c')
+        self.check(True, 'F11_F12_row_bound_structured_errors')
+
+    def test58_segment_ids_unique_after_clear(self):
+        h = charged()
+        ids = []
+        for _ in range(3):
+            h.step(3.0)
+            call(h, 'cutter.cut')
+            h.step(1.0)
+            ids.append(h.segments[-1]['segment_id'])
+            call(h, 'collection.clear')
+        self.assertEqual(len(set(ids)), 3)
+        self.check(True, 'F13_unique_segment_ids')
+
+    def test59_foreign_agent_cannot_cut_during_agent_run(self):
+        h = charged()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('b', 'agent')
+        h.session('a').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.start', arguments={}, request_id='s')
+        h.step(1.0)
+        r = h.session('b').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='cutter.cut', arguments={}, request_id='c')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        self.check(True, 'F14_foreign_agent_cut_denied')
+
+    def test60_cycle_key_component_and_unselected_options(self):
+        self.assertIn('button_cycle', CAPS['cutter.cut']['component_ids'])
+        for k in ('piston.preheat_hold', 'collection.separating_pane', 'thermal.recool', 'die.change'):
+            self.assertIn(k, UNSUPPORTED)
+        self.assertIn('耐酸', UNSUPPORTED['material.fluorinated_or_pvc'])
+        self.check(True, 'K05_K06_F16_declarations')
+
+
+    def test61_die_work_leaves_with_extrudate(self):
+        h = charged(method=dict(test_load_kg=21.6, window_lower_m=0.010), load=21.6)
+        call(h, 'acquisition.start')
+        worst = -1e9
+        while h.phase == 'running':
+            h.step(0.2)
+            if h.m_s > 0:
+                worst = max(worst, h._sample_T() - h.T_b)
+        dp = 21.6 * GRAVITY / STANDARD_AREA_M2
+        adiabatic = dp / (SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['melt_density_kg_m3'] * SAMPLE_EXAMPLE['specific_heat_j_kg_k'])
+        self.assertLess(worst, adiabatic)
+        self.balanced(h)
+        self.check(True, 'N01_die_dissipation_exported_with_extrudate', worst_excess_k=worst, adiabatic_limit_k=adiabatic)
+
+    def test62_foreign_agent_cannot_change_setpoint_during_run(self):
+        h = charged()
+        h.register_principal('a', 'agent')
+        h.register_principal('b', 'agent')
+        h.session('a').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='acquisition.start', arguments={}, request_id='s')
+        r = h.session('b').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='thermal.set_temperature', arguments={'target_k': 533.15}, request_id='t')
+        self.assertEqual(r['error']['code'], 'ACCESS_DENIED')
+        r = h.session('a').invoke(instance_id=h.instance_id, capability_id='thermal.set_temperature', arguments={'target_k': 523.15}, request_id='t')
+        self.assertEqual(r['status'], 'succeeded')
+        self.check(True, 'N02_setpoint_guarded_for_foreign_agents')
+
+    def test63_segment_budget_keeps_result_within_schema(self):
+        saved = rt.MAX_SEGMENTS
+        try:
+            rt.MAX_SEGMENTS = 30                      # budget = 30 - (240 // 10 + 2) = 4 manual cuts
+            h = charged()
+            call(h, 'acquisition.start')
+            h.step(1.0)
+            for _ in range(4):
+                call(h, 'cutter.cut')
+                h.step(0.3)
+            self.reject(h, 'cutter.cut', 'TOO_MANY_SEGMENTS')
+            while h.phase == 'running':
+                h.step(1.0)
+            self.assertLessEqual(len(call(h, 'acquisition.result')['segments']), 30)
+        finally:
+            rt.MAX_SEGMENTS = saved
+        self.check(True, 'N03_segment_budget')
+
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main(verbosity=2)