id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_11900 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Iraq war was launched on March 19, 2003, with a strike against a location where Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and top lieutenants were believed to be meeting. On March 17, PresidentBush had given Saddam an ultimatum to leave the country or face military conflict. Although someresistance was encountered after U.S. ... | [
"[author name scrubbed], [phone number scrubbed] (Last updated April 22, 2003) For a day-by-day summary of Iraq-related developments through the end of the combat phase of the war, see Iraq-U.S. Confrontation: Daily Developments http://www.crs.gov/products/browse/iraqdocs/iraqdaily.shtml . This report was created t... |
train_11901 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The potential for terrorist attacks against agricultural targets (agroterrorism) is increasingly recognized as a national security threat, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. Agroterrorism is a subset of bioterrorism, and is defined as the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the go... | [
"The potential for terrorist attacks against agricultural targets (agroterrorism) is increasingly recognized as a national security threat, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. In this context, agroterrorism is defined as the deliberate introduction of an animal or plant disease with the goal of gener... |
train_11902 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After decades of activities in space, Earth's orbit is littered with man-made objects that no longer serve a useful purpose. This includes roughly 22,000 objects larger than the size of a softball and hundreds of thousands of smaller fragments. This population of space debris potentially threatens U.S. national securit... | [
"The 2011 National Security Space Strategy declared, \"Space is vital to U.S. national security and our ability to understand emerging threats, project power globally, conduct operations, support diplomatic efforts, and enable global economic viability.\" Maintaining the benefits afforded by space is central to a w... |
train_11903 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, amid the perception that the unregulated over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market contributed to systemic risk, the Dodd-Frank Act (P.L. 111-203) sought to remake the OTC market in the image of the regulated futures exchanges. Reforms included a requirement that swap contracts... | [
"In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis and the perception that the unregulated over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market contributed to systemic risk, the Dodd-Frank Act ( P.L. 111-203 ) sought to remake the OTC market in the image of the regulated futures exchanges. Derivative contracts are an array of financia... |
train_11904 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The source of federal patent law originates with the Patent Clause of the U.S. Constitution, which authorizes Congress: "To promote the Progress of ... useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to ... Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective ... Discoveries." Section 101 of the Patent Act describes the subjec... | [
"This report provides an overview of Supreme Court and Federal Circuit cases concerning patentable subject matter, including the Court's recent June 2010 decision, Bilski v. Kappos . The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) issues a patent to an inventor after PTO examiners approve the submitted patent applicatio... |
train_11905 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Bangladesh (the former East Pakistan) is a Muslim-majority nation in South Asia, bordering India, Burma, and the Bay of Bengal. It is the world's eighth most populous country with nearly 160 million people living in a land area about the size of Iowa. It is an economically poor nation, and it suffers from high levels o... | [
"The United States and Bangladesh have generally enjoyed a positive working relationship. The United States has sought to help Bangladesh with its development goals, including in the areas of sustainable development, health, education, poverty reduction, disaster preparedness, and food security. In recent years, th... |
train_11906 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report summarizes the Clean Air Act and its major regulatory requirements. It excerpts, with minor modifications, the Clean Air Act chapter of CRS Report RL30798, Environmental Laws: Summaries of Major Statutes Administered by the Environmental Protection Agency, which summarizes a dozen environmental statutes tha... | [
"The authorities and responsibilities of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) derive primarily from a dozen major environmental statutes. This report provides a concise summary of one of those statutes, the Clean Air Act. It provides a very brief history of federal involvement in air quality regulation and of ... |
train_11907 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One of the primary tasks of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is to encourage the deployment of broadband throughout the United States. Broadband technology is now available over a wide array of delivery systems including cable, wireless, telephone, and fiber optic networks. The FCC moved, in recent years, to... | [
"One of the primary tasks of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is to encourage the deployment of broadband throughout the United States. Broadband technology is now available over a wide array of delivery systems including cable, wireless, telephone, and fiber optic networks. The FCC moved, in recent year... |
train_11908 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has limited the use of Army Corps of Engineers dams and reservoirs for municipal and industrial (M&I) water supply. Growing M&I demands have raised interest in—and concern about—changing current law and reservoir operations to give Corps facilities a greater role in M&I water storage. A reallocation of storage... | [
"Increasing pressures on the quantity and quality of available water supplies are raising interest in—and concern about—changing operations at Corps facilities to meet municipal and industrial (M&I) demands. Corps M&I reallocations at Lake Lanier (GA) are central to an ongoing tri-state conflict involving Alabama, ... |
train_11909 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Enacted on January 17, 2014, Title II of Division G of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 (P.L. 113-76, H.R. 3547) provided $8.20 billion for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for FY2014. The act appropriated funding for the full fiscal year through September 30, 2014, for all of the 12 regular appropria... | [
"Enacted on January 17, 2014, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 ( P.L. 113-76 , H.R. 3547 ) appropriated funding for the full fiscal year through September 30, 2014, for all of the 12 regular appropriations acts. The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations act, which includes funding for ... |
train_11910 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In FY2015, the Department of Housing and Urban Development was funded as part of the FY2015 Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act (P.L. 113-235), enacted on December 16, 2014, following funding through three short-term continuing resolutions. The bill provides $45.4 billion in gross discretionary appro... | [
"Most of the funding for the activities of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) comes from discretionary appropriations provided each year in the annual appropriations acts enacted by Congress. HUD's programs are primarily designed to address housing problems faced by households with very low incom... |
train_11911 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since FY2008, the growth in the number of unaccompanied alien children (UAC) from Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras seeking to enter the United States has increased substantially. Total unaccompanied child apprehensions increased from about 8,000 in FY2008 to 52,000 in the first 8 ½ months of FY2014. Since 2... | [
"In the past several years, and in the past year in particular, the number of unaccompanied alien children (UAC) seeking to enter the United States along the U.S.-Mexico border has surged to unusually high levels. This surge is driven overwhelmingly by migration from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Congress h... |
train_11912 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Reserve System (Fed) is charged with responsibility for making U.S. monetary policy. Quasi-public in structure, overseen by a Board of Governors whose members are appointed to serve long terms, and reliant on its own source of funding, the Fed possesses a degree of independence that some argue is inimical t... | [
"The Constitution grants Congress the power to \"coin money, and regulate the value thereof....\" Congress has delegated responsibility for making U.S. monetary policy to the Federal Reserve System (Fed). This latter arrangement is one that many observers have criticized. Quasi-public in structure, overseen by a Bo... |
train_11913 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Trump Administration has taken several actions intended to help revive the U.S. coal industry. Within its first two months, the Administration rolled back or began reversing several coal-related regulations finalized under the Obama Administration. This effort was undertaken as three of the largest coal producers c... | [
"The Trump Administration has taken several actions intended to help revive the U.S. coal industry. Within its first two months, the Administration rolled back or began reversing several coal-related regulations finalized under the Obama Administration. For example, the Trump Administration repealed the coal valuat... |
train_11914 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services as well as long-term care. Medicaid is jointly funded by the federal government and the states. The federal government's share of a state's expenditures is called the federal medical assistance percentage (FM... | [
"Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services as well as long-term care. Medicaid is jointly funded by the federal government and the states. Participation in Medicaid is voluntary for states, though all states, the District of Columbia, and the ter... |
train_11915 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Government guaranteed debt is a financial tool that has been used to support a number of federal policy objectives: home ownership, higher education, and small business development, among others. Loan guarantees for new energy technologies date back to the mid-1970s, when rapidly rising energy prices motivated the deve... | [
"The federal government has a number of policy tools available to encourage the development and deployment of innovative clean energy technologies (see text box below). Some of these policy tools include (1) clean energy mandates, (2) carbon taxes, (3) carbon cap and trade, (4) environmental regulations, (5) loan g... |
train_11916 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The conventionally powered aircraft carrier John F. Kennedy (CV-67) was decommissioned at Mayport, FL, on March 23, 2007. The ship will be towed to the Navy's inactive ship facility at Philadelphia, where it will be placed in preservation ("mothball") status. The Navy had proposed retiring the Kennedy and reducing the ... | [
"The conventionally powered aircraft carrier John F. Kennedy (CV-67) was decommissioned at Mayport, FL, on March 23, 2007. The ship will be towed to the Navy's inactive ship facility at Philadelphia, where it will be placed in preservation (\"mothball\") status. The Navy had proposed retiring the Kennedy and reduci... |
train_11917 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On January 29, 2013, the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2013, a $50.5 billion package of disaster assistance largely focused on responding to Hurricane Sandy, was enacted as P.L. 113-2. In late October 2012, Hurricane Sandy impacted a wide swath of the East Coast of the United States, resulting in more than 120 de... | [
"On October 25, 2012, Tropical Storm Sandy strengthened to become Hurricane Sandy. The next day, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) elevated its ongoing preparedness efforts, sending Incident Management Assistance Teams to states from North Carolina to Vermont. Public and private sector entities began t... |
train_11918 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Child poverty persists as a social and economic concern in the United States. In 2007 12.8 million children (17.6% all children) were considered poor under the official U.S. definition. In records dating back to 1959, the incidence of poverty among related children in families has ranged from a peak of 26.9% in 1959 to... | [
"Child poverty persists as a social and economic concern in the United States. In 2007,12.8 million children were considered poor under the official U.S. Census Bureau definition. The child poverty rate (the percent of all children considered poor) stood at 17.6%—well below the most recent high of 22% in 1993, but ... |
train_11919 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc., a recent case in which the Supreme Court evaluated a mixed-motive claim under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), which prohibits employment discrimination against individuals over the age of 40. In Gross, the plaintiff alleged that his employer'... | [
"In June 2009, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc. , a case in which the Court evaluated a mixed-motive claim under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), which prohibits employment discrimination against individuals over the age of 40. In Gross , the plaintiff a... |
train_11920 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Twenty-eight temporary tax provisions expired at the end of 2017. Collectively, temporary tax provisions that are regularly extended as a group by Congress, rather than being allowed to expire as scheduled, are often referred to as "tax extenders." Temporary tax provisions were most recently extended in the Bipartisan ... | [
"T wenty-eight temporary tax provisions expired at the end of 2017. Collectively, temporary tax provisions that are regularly extended as a group by Congress, rather than being allowed to expire as scheduled, are often referred to as \"tax extenders.\" There are several options for Congress to consider regarding te... |
train_11921 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Once a nomination to a U.S. circuit court of appeals or district court judgeship is submitted to the Senate by the President, the Senate almost invariably refers it to the Senate Judiciary Committee. If the Judiciary Committee schedules a vote on a nominee, it usually will vote on a motion to report the nomination favo... | [
"Although judicial nominations sometimes do not receive Senate confirmation, they historically have been heavily outnumbered by judicial nominations which the Senate has confirmed. For example, according to the most recent CRS data, of the 2,927 nominees to Article III circuit and district court judgeships between ... |
train_11922 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On June 2, 2008, the U. S. Supreme Court, in United States v. Santos (No. 06-1005), vacated convictions of the operator of an illegal lottery and one of his runners who had been charged with conducting financial transactions involving the "proceeds" of an illegal gaming business in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1956. The ru... | [
"United States v. Santos involved a challenge to the conviction of the operator of an illegal lottery and one of his collectors for violating a provision of 18 U.S.C. § 1956, a key federal criminal anti-money laundering statute. The defendants were charged with using the \"proceeds\" of unlawful activity to conduct... |
train_11923 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S.-China economic ties have expanded substantially since China began reforming its economy and liberalizing its trade regime in the late 1970s. Total U.S.-China merchandise trade rose from $2 billion in 1979 (when China's economic reforms began) to $636 billion in 2017. China is currently the United States' largest m... | [
"Economic and trade reforms begun in 1979 have helped transform China into one of the world's biggest and fastest-growing economies. China's economic growth and trade liberalization, including comprehensive trade commitments made upon its entry to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, have led to a sharp expa... |
train_11924 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In addition to raising budget caps in FY2014 and FY2015, the Bipartisan Budget Act (BBA) reduced the cost of living adjustments (COLAs) provided to working-age military retirees under the age of 62 from the full Consumer Price Index (CPI) to the CPI less 1%. Military retirees would then receive a "bump-up" at age 62 th... | [
"One of the offsets for raising the defense and nondefense caps in FY2014 and FY2015 in the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 ( H.J.Res. 59 / P.L. 113-67 ) was a reduction in the cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) for many current and nearly all future military retirees. Instead of using the full Consumer Price Index (CP... |
train_11925 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Considerable congressional attention has been placed on the dollar value of health insurance coverage in terms of out-of-pocket (OOP) costs placed on policyholders. One method that lowers the dollar value of coverage is the use of annual limits on the dollar amount of coverage. Private health insurers use annual limits... | [
"Considerable congressional attention has been placed on the treatment of consumers within the private health insurance marketplace. Among the many concerns, particular attention has been paid to the value of coverage in terms of out-of-pocket (OOP) costs relative to premiums. One method that lowers the value of co... |
train_11926 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Paying the public debt is a central constitutional responsibility of Congress (Article I, Section 8). U.S. Treasury securities, which represent nearly all federal debt, have long been considered risk-free assets. The size of federal deficits and the projected imbalance between federal revenues and outlays, however, hav... | [
"Concerns about developed-country sovereign default risks have grown in the aftermath of the 2007-2008 financial crisis and have intensified in the past year as some Eurozone countries have been facing several fiscal pressures. A sovereign default occurs when a sovereign government is unable to meet its financial o... |
train_11927 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides a range of benefits and services to veterans who meet certain eligibility criteria. These benefits and services include hospital and medical care, disability compensation and pensions, education, vocational rehabilitation and employment services, assistance to homeless v... | [
"The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides a range of benefits and services to veterans who meet certain eligibility criteria. These benefits and services include, among other things, hospital and medical care, disability compensation and pensions, education, vocational rehabilitation and employment services... |
train_11928 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Amtrak is the nation's primary provider of intercity passenger rail service. It was created by Congress in 1970 to preserve some level of intercity passenger rail service while enabling private rail companies to exit the money-losing passenger rail business. It is a quasi-governmental entity, a corporation whose stock ... | [
"Amtrak—officially, the National Railroad Passenger Corporation—is the nation's primary provider of intercity passenger rail service. Amtrak is structured as a private company, but virtually all its shares are held by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Amtrak was created by Congress in 1970 to preserve a ... |
train_11929 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Proposals for the reorganization of the United States Intelligence Community have repeatedly emerged from commissions and committees created by either the executive or legislative branches. The heretofore limited authority of Directors of Central Intelligence and the great influence of theDepartments of State and Defen... | [
"The National Security Act of 1947 (P.L. 80-253) established the statutory framework for themanagerial structure of the United States Intelligence Community, including the Central IntelligenceAgency (CIA) and the position of Director of Central Intelligence (DCI). A fundamental intent ofthis legislation was to coor... |
train_11930 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The term "spyware" generally refers to any software that is downloaded onto a computer without the owner's or user's knowledge. Spyware may collect information about a computer user's activities and transmit that information to someone else. It may change computer settings, or cause "pop-up" advertisements to appear (i... | [
"The Anti-Spyware Coalition (ASC) defines spyware as \"technologies deployed without appropriate user consent and/or implemented in ways that impair user control over (1) material changes that affect their user experience, privacy, or system security; (2) use of their system resources, including what programs are i... |
train_11931 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On November 13, 2001, President Bush signed a Military Order pertaining to the detention,treatment, and trial of certain non-citizens as part of the war against terrorism. The order makesclear that the President views the crisis that began on the morning of September 11 as an attack "ona scale that has created a state ... | [
"Military Order of November 13, 2001. Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism By the authority vested in me as President and as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of theUnited States by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including theAutho... |
train_11932 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Data mining has become one of the key features of many homeland security initiatives. Often used as a means for detecting fraud, assessing risk, and product retailing, data mining involves the use of data analysis tools to discover previously unknown, valid patterns and relationships in large data sets. In the context ... | [
"Data mining involves the use of sophisticated data analysis tools to discover previously unknown, valid patterns and relationships in large data sets. These tools can include statistical models, mathematical algorithms, and machine learning methods (algorithms that improve their performance automatically through e... |
train_11933 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After a period of diplomatic rancor earlier this decade, Japan and China have demonstrably improved their bilateral relationship. The emerging détente includes breakthrough agreements on territorial disputes, various high-level exchanges, and reciprocal port calls by naval vessels. Over the past ten years, China-Japan ... | [
"After a period of diplomatic rancor earlier in the decade, Japan and China have demonstrably improved their bilateral relationship since 2006. Sino-Japanese relations over the past ten years have followed a remarkable trajectory: from a disastrous Japan visit by former Chinese President Jiang Zemin in 1998 to Hu J... |
train_11934 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Water and energy are critical resources that are reciprocally linked; this interdependence is often described as the water-energy nexus. Meeting energy-sector water needs, which are often large, depends upon the local availability of water for fuel production, hydropower generation, and thermoelectric power plant cooli... | [
"Water and energy are critical resources that are reciprocally linked. Energy is required for the pumping, conveyance, treatment and conditioning, and distribution of water and for collection, treatment, and discharge of wastewater. Likewise, as described in this report, meeting energy sector needs depends upon the... |
train_11935 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal courts may not order a defendant to pay restitution to the victims of his or her crimes unless authorized by statute to do so. Several statutes supply such authorization. For instance, federal courts are statutorily required to order victim restitution when sentencing a defendant either for an offense against p... | [
"Federal courts may not order a defendant to pay restitution to the victims of his or her crimes unless authorized to do so. Two general statutes authorize restitution. One, 18 U.S.C. 3663, permits it for certain crimes. The second, 18 U.S.C. 3663A, requires it for other crimes. In addition, several individual rest... |
train_11936 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Agriculture appropriations bill provides funding for all of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except the Forest Service, plus the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and, in alternating years, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). The FY2012 Agriculture Appropriations Act (P.L. 112-55, H.R. 2112) ... | [
"The FY2012 Agriculture Appropriations Act ( P.L. 112-55 ) was signed by the President on November 18, 2011, as the lead division of a three-bill \"minibus\" appropriation. The minibus passed both chambers by more than two-thirds majorities on November 17, 2011. It reduces regular discretionary Agriculture appropri... |
train_11937 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is an overview of U.S. foreign assistance to the Middle East and North Africa. It includes a review of the President's FY2016 request for the region, a description of selected country programs, and an analysis of current foreign aid issues. We anticipate updating it annually. Since 1946, the United States h... | [
"This report is an overview of U.S. foreign assistance to the Middle East. It includes a brief historical review of foreign aid levels, a description of specific country programs, and analysis of current foreign aid issues. Congress authorizes and appropriates foreign assistance and conducts oversight of exe cutive... |
train_11938 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 2, 2017, the House of Representatives passed a Congressional Review Act disapproval resolution (H.J.Res. 40) to overturn a final rule promulgated by the Social Security Administration (SSA) regarding implementation of firearms restrictions for certain persons. On February 16, 2017, the Senate passed H.J.Res... | [
"On February 2, 2017, the House of Representatives passed a Congressional Review Act disapproval resolution ( H.J.Res. 40 ) to overturn a final rule promulgated by the Social Security Administration (SSA) regarding implementation of firearms restrictions for certain persons. The House joint resolution passed by rec... |
train_11939 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Department of Defense (DOD) benefits for survivors of deceased members of the armed forces vary significantly in purpose and structure. Benefits such as the death gratuity provide immediate cash payments to assist these survivors in meeting their financial needs during the period immediately following a member's death.... | [
"Department of Defense (DOD) benefits for survivors of deceased members of the armed forces vary significantly in purpose and structure. Benefits such as the death gratuity provide immediate cash payments to assist these survivors in meeting their financial needs during the period immediately following a member's d... |
train_11940 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Beginning in the late 1970s, Congress gave railroads flexibility to set rates and to enter into confidential contracts with their customers. Over the last decade, large railroads have consolidated and, particularly in recent years, have achieved higher profitability. These changes have left some bulk shippers, particul... | [
"Beginning in the late 1970s, Congress deregulated the railroad industry by giving railroads more flexibility to set rates and negotiate confidential contracts with their customers. The legal structure under which the rail industry now operates was put in place at a time when railroads were in financial peril. Over... |
train_11941 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Increasing militant activity in western Pakistan poses three key national security threats: an increased potential for major attacks against the United States itself; a growing threat to Pakistani stability; and a hindrance of U.S. efforts to stabilize Afghanistan. This report will be updated as events warrant. A U.S.-... | [
"Islamist extremism and militancy has been a menace to Pakistani society throughout the post-2001 period, becoming especially prevalent in 2007 and 2008. The numerous militant groups operating in Pakistan, many of which have in the past displayed mutual animosity, may be increasing their levels of coordination and ... |
train_11942 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The nomination and confirmation process for U.S. circuit and district court judges is of ongoing interest to Congress. Recent Senate debates over judicial nominations have focused on issues such as the relative degree of success of President Barack Obama's nominees in gaining Senate confirmation compared with other rec... | [
"Article III, Section I, of the Constitution provides, in part, that the \"judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.\" It further provides that Justices on the Supreme Court and judges on lower c... |
train_11943 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140) sets new performance standards for many common light bulbs. Tier I standards require a 25%-30% increase in the energy efficiency of typical light bulbs beginning in 2012, and still greater improvements through Tier II standards starting in 2020. Supporters... | [
"There are an estimated 4 billion incandescent light bulbs (sometimes referred to as \"lamps\") in use in the United States. The basic technology in these bulbs has not changed substantially since they were first introduced over 125 years ago. They convert less than 10% of the energy they use into light and over 90... |
train_11944 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A mileage-based road user charge would involve assessing owners of individual vehicles on a per-mile basis for the distance the vehicle is driven. Currently, federal highway and public transportation programs are funded mainly by motor fuel tax receipts that flow into the Highway Trust Fund (HTF). The tax rates, set on... | [
"Federal highway and public transportation programs are funded mainly by taxes on motor fuel that flow into the Highway Trust Fund (HTF). The tax rates, set on a per-gallon basis, have not been raised since 1993, and motor fuel tax receipts have been insufficient to support the transportation programs authorized by... |
train_11945 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Enacted on December 16, 2014, Title II of Division F of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235; H.R. 83) provided $8.14 billion for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for FY2015. The act appropriated funding for the full fiscal year through September 30, 2015, for 11 of th... | [
"EPA was established in 1970 to consolidate federal pollution control responsibilities that had been divided among several federal agencies. EPA's responsibilities grew significantly as Congress enacted an increasing number of environmental laws as well as major amendments to these statutes. Among the agency's prim... |
train_11946 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article I, Section 7, clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution is known as the Origination Clause because it provides that "All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives." The meaning and application of this clause has evolved through practice and precedent since the Constitution was drafted. T... | [
"Article I, Section 7, clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution, is known generally as the \"Origination Clause\" because it requires that All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other Bills. As generally understood in both t... |
train_11947 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations bill includes funding for agencies and programs in five separate federal departments as well as numerous smaller agencies and diverseprograms. On February 2, 1998, the President submitted his FY1999 budget to Congress. The request for Interior and Related Agencies totals... | [
"On October 19, following a series of temporary continuing resolutions, aconference report ( H.Rept. 105-825 ) was submitted on H.R. 4328 , theOmnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for FY1999. The total for Interior and Related Agencies was $14.1 billion, matching FY1998(including the Emerg... |
train_11948 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has played a central role in the MRAP program, suggesting to defense and service officials that MRAPs would provide far superior protection for troops than the up-armored High Mobility, Multi-Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWVs ). Congressional support for MRAPs, as well as fully funding the program, has been credited wi... | [
"Mine-Resistant, Ambush-Protected (MRAP) vehicles are a family of vehicles produced by a variety of domestic and international companies. They generally incorporate a \"V\"-shaped hull and armor plating designed to provide protection against mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). DOD originally intended to ... |
train_11949 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Unless Congress acts to reauthorize it, the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) authority to collect user fees under the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act (MDUFMA; P.L. 107-250) and, by reference, FDA's obligation to meet related performance goals, will expire on October 1, 2007. According to the Preside... | [
"In order to understand the significance of MDUFMA, a basic introduction to FDA and the medical device review process is useful. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the agency responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medical devices in the United States. According to statute, a m... |
train_11950 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Racial profiling is the practice of targeting individuals for police or security detention based on their race or ethnicity in the belief that certain minority groups are more likely to engage in unlawful behavior. Examples of racial profiling by federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies are illustrated in leg... | [
"Racial profiling is the practice of targeting individuals for police or security detention based on their race or ethnicity in the belief that certain minority groups are more likely to engage in unlawful behavior. Examples of racial profiling by federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies are illustrated i... |
train_11951 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In January 2009, the United States escalated a long-running dispute with the European Union (EU) over its refusal to accept imports of U.S. poultry treated with certain pathogen reduction treatments (PRTs) by requesting World Trade Organization (WTO) consultations with the EU on the matter, a prerequisite first step to... | [
"In January 2009, the United States escalated a long-running dispute with the European Union (EU) over its refusal to accept imports of U.S. poultry treated with certain pathogen reduction treatments (PRTs). PRTs are antimicrobial rinses that have been approved for use by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) i... |
train_11952 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Economists generally agree that government support for private investment in research and development (R&D) is useful in correcting a market failure that predisposes most companies to invest less for that purpose than the overall economic benefits from R&D investments would warrant. The market failure stems from a comp... | [
"If most economists can agree on anything, it is that technological innovation is a primary engine of long-term rises in living standards and economic output. In theory, new technologies make workers more productive, and gains in productivity lift their incomes over time, enabling them to buy more goods and service... |
train_11953 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2009, 46% of students in grades 9-12 reported that they had experienced sexual intercourse; about 20% of female teens who have had sexual intercourse become pregnant each year. In recognition of the often negative, long-term consequences associated with teenage pregnancy, Congress has provided funding for the preven... | [
"Since 1991, U.S. teen pregnancy, abortion, and birth rates have fallen considerably. However, after 14 years of decline, the teen birth rate increased from 40.5 per 1,000 females ages 15 to 19 in 2005 to 41.9 in 2006 and 42.5 in 2007. However, in 2008, the teen birth rate reversed the two-year increase trend and d... |
train_11954 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 29, 2007, the President signed S. 2499, the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Extension Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-173). This Act was passed by the House on December 19, 2007, and by a voice vote in the Senate on December 18, 2007. The Act makes changes to the nation's three major health programs, Medicare, Medicaid... | [
"On December 29, 2007, the President signed S. 2499 , the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Extension Act of 2007 ( P.L. 110-173 ). This Act was passed by the House on December 19, 2007, and by a voice vote in the Senate on December 18, 2007. The Act makes changes to the nation's three major health programs, Medicare, ... |
train_11955 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although Congress described its 1997 changes to discipline provisions in theIndividuals with Disabilities EducationAct (IDEA) as a "careful balance," it was not long before amendments to change the provisions surfaced. In 1999the Senate passed S. 254, 106thCong., the Violent and Repeat Juvenile Accountability and Rehab... | [
"RS20558 -- The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Discipline Legislation in the 106th Congress January 12, 2001 IDEA provides federal funds to the states to assist them in providing an education for children with disabilities. As a condition for the receipt of these funds,IDEA contains requirements on th... |
train_11956 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, or the 9/11 Commission, recommended that tracking terrorist financing "must remain front and center in U.S. counterterrorism efforts" (see The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States,... | [
"The Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering is composed of 35 member countries and territories and two regional organizations and was organized to develop and promote policies to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, referred to as anti-money laundering/combatting the financing of terrorism (AML... |
train_11957 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Davis-Bacon Act of 1931, as amended, requires that not less than the locally prevailing wage (not necessarily the union rate) be paid to workers engaged in contract construction work to which the government of the United States or of the District of Columbia is a party. The coverage threshold is $2,000. Under Davis... | [
"In 1979, following decades of increasingly vigorous argument about the Davis-Bacon Act, the Carter Administration agreed to review and, ultimately, to revise the federal regulations governing administration of the statute. This set in motion a quarter-century of administrative rulemaking, litigation, legislative o... |
train_11958 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report contains an overview of the major procurement agreements to which the UnitedStates is a party, including the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on GovernmentProcurement, the procurement chapter of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) andprovisions from other free trade agreements. In additi... | [
"The United States' WTO obligations with respect to government procurement are containedin the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (AGP). (1) Generally, the AGP appliesthe basic WTO national treatment and most-favored-nation obligations to the area of governmentprocurement. The AGP was negotiated during the Uru... |
train_11959 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Expiring Provisions Improvement Reform and Efficiency (EXPIRE) Act (S. 2260) would extend expiring provisions, including bonus depreciation. The Jobs for America Act (H.R. 4) would make bonus depreciation permanent. The temporary provisions enacted in the past for only a year or two and extended many times are gene... | [
"The Expiring Provisions Improvement Reform and Efficiency (EXPIRE) Act ( S. 2260 ) would extend a set of expired tax provisions (including bonus depreciation) through the end of 2015. This bill subsequently became part of an amendment to H.R. 3474 . The bill did not advance in the Senate, as a motion to end debate... |
train_11960 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The requirements regarding the appointment and tenure of the CBO director, which are simple and straightforward, are set forth in Section 201(a) of the 1974 Congressional Budget Act, as amended, and codified at 2 U.S.C. 601(a). The Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate join... | [
"The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) was established by Title II of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 ( P.L. 93-344 ; July 12, 1974; 2 U.S.C. 601-603). The organization officially came into existence on February 24, 1975, upon the appointment of the first director, Alice Rivlin. CBO's m... |
train_11961 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On April 10, 2013, the Obama Administration released its budget request for FY2014. The Administration's proposed budget included $676.3 million in special federal payments to the District of Columbia. Approximately 80% ($543.4 million) of the President's proposed budget request for the District would be targeted to th... | [
"The authority for congressional review and approval of the District of Columbia's budget is derived from the Constitution and the District of Columbia Self-Government and Government Reorganization Act of 1973 (Home Rule Act). The Constitution gives Congress the power to \"exercise exclusive Legislation in all Case... |
train_11962 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | If constructed, the Keystone XL pipeline would transport crude oil derived from oil sands sites in Alberta, Canada, to U.S. refineries and other destinations. Because the pipeline would cross an international border, it requires a Presidential Permit. Although some groups have opposed previous oil pipelines, opposition... | [
"The proposed Keystone XL pipeline has received considerable attention in recent months. If constructed, the pipeline would transport crude oil (e.g., synthetic crude oil or diluted bitumen) derived from oil sands resources in Alberta, Canada, to refineries and other destinations in the United States. Policy makers... |
train_11963 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States Bureau of the Census estimated that $4.1 trillion worth of retail and wholesale transactions were conducted over the Internet in 2010. That amount was 16.1% of all U.S. shipments and sales in that year. Other estimates, based on different data, projected the 2012 so-called e-commerce volume at approxi... | [
"State governments rely on general sales and use taxes for just under one-third (31.7%) of their total tax revenue—approximately $223 billion in FY2010. Local governments derive 11.0% of their tax revenue—approximately $62 billion in FY2010—from general sales and use taxes. Both state and local sales taxes are usua... |
train_11964 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Social Security plays an important role in reducing poverty, not only among the aged but among children as well. Children may be eligible for Social Security benefits when a parent who is a covered worker dies, becomes disabled, or retires. In addition to receiving Social Security in their own right, children may econo... | [
"Social Security plays an important role in reducing poverty, not only among the aged but among children as well. Children may be eligible for Social Security benefits when a parent who is a covered worker dies, becomes disabled, or retires. In addition to receiving Social Security benefits in their own right, chil... |
train_11965 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a regulatory agency within the Department of Health and Human Services, regulates the safety and effectiveness of drugs sold in the United States. FDA divides that responsibility into two phases. In the preapproval (premarket) phase, FDA reviews manufacturers' applications to mar... | [
"T he Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees the approval and regulation of drugs entering the U.S. market. The agency, part of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is led by the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, who executes the agency's responsibilities on behalf of the HHS Secretary. Two regulat... |
train_11966 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program is a Department of Energy (DOE) program designed to reduce petroleum use in vehicles and promote domestic manufacturing. It was established in 2007, when the Detroit 3 automakers—General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler—faced declining sales in a weakening ec... | [
"Congress established the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) program in 2007 as a way to help raise U.S. fuel economy standards for vehicles and to encourage domestic production of more fuel-efficient cars and light trucks. The legislation establishing the program, the Energy Independence and Securit... |
train_11967 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The District of Columbia Budget Autonomy Act of 2007, H.R. 733, 110th Congress, introduced on January 20, 2007, by Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton, is the latest in a series of legislative proposals dating back to 1981 and the 97th Congress that have sought to provide budget autonomy for the District of Columbia. W... | [
"Authority for congressional review and approval of the District's budget is derived from the Constitution and the District of Columbia Self-Government and Government Reorganization Act of 1973 (Home Rule Act, P.L. 93-198 , 87 Stat. 774). The Constitution gives Congress the power to \"exercise exclusive Legislation... |
train_11968 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the first permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for "the most serious crimes of concern to the international community." Currently, 110 countries are States Parties to the ICC. Since its inception in 2002, the ICC has received three referrals ... | [
"The International Criminal Court (\"ICC\" or \"Court\") is the first permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for \"the most serious crimes of concern to the international community.\" It sits at The Hague in the Netherlands but may hold proceedings anywhere in the world. It is fund... |
train_11969 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 114th Congress considered many issues related to unemployment insurance (UI) programs: Unemployment Compensation (UC), the temporary, now-expired Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC08), and Extended Benefits (EB). This report gives a brief overview of the UI programs that may provide benefits to eligible unemp... | [
"T he unemployment insurance (UI) system has two primary objectives: (1) to provide temporary, partial wage replacement for involuntarily unemployed workers and (2) to stabilize the economy during recessions. In support of these goals, several UI programs provide benefits for eligible unemployed workers. In general... |
train_11970 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141) was enacted on March 23, 2018. This omnibus bill included appropriations for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), of which USDA's domestic food assistance programs are a part. Prior to its enactment, the federal government had continued to operate for the f... | [
"T he Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 ( P.L. 115-141 ) was enacted on March 23, 2018. This omnibus bill included appropriations for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), of which USDA's domestic food assistance is a part. Prior to its enactment, the government had continued to operate for the first six m... |
train_11971 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For years, the people of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico have been involved in discussions relating to changing the political status of Puerto Rico from a commonwealth of the United States to either the 51st state or an independent nation, or maintaining the status quo as a commonwealth. In the 111th Congress, H.R. 249... | [
"In the 111 th Congress, H.R. 2499 , introduced by Representative Pedro Pierluisi, would have established procedures to determine Puerto Rico's political status. It would have authorized a two-stage plebiscite in Puerto Rico to reconsider the status issue. H.R. 2499 was similar to H.R. 900 as introduced in the 110 ... |
train_11972 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title I of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, authorizes the federal government to make grants to states and territories to provide vocational rehabilitation (VR) services to persons with disabilities who are interested in seeking and retaining employment. State and territorial VR agencies work with clients to... | [
"Title I of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, recognizes that individuals with disabilities face high levels of unemployment and poverty and authorizes the federal government to make grants available to states and territories for the purpose of providing vocational rehabilitation (VR) services to persons ... |
train_11973 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Reserve (Fed) has been central in the policy response to the financial turmoil that began in August 2007. It has sharply increased reserves to the banking system through open market operations and lowered the federal funds rate and discount rate on several occasions. Since December 2008, it has allowed the ... | [
"On August 9, 2007, liquidity abruptly dried up for many financial firms and securities markets. Suddenly some firms were able to borrow and investors were able to sell certain securities only at prohibitive rates and prices, if at all. The \"liquidity crunch\" was most extreme for firms and securities with links t... |
train_11974 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 (H.R. 6893) is an omnibus child welfare bill designed to ensure greater permanence and improve the well-being of children served by public child welfare agencies. The legislation received strong support in Congress and, beyond revising and extend... | [
"The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 ( H.R. 6893 ) is an omnibus child welfare bill designed to ensure greater permanence and improve the well-being of children served by public child welfare agencies—especially children in foster care, those who leave foster care in their late... |
train_11975 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the fall of 2011, a group of Members from the House and the Senate introduced the Regulatory Accountability Act of 2011 (RAA, H.R. 3010 and S. 1606). The RAA would make the most significant legislative changes to the rulemaking process since the enactment of the Administrative Procedure Act in 1946. The RAA would mo... | [
"On September 22, 2011, a group of Members from the House and the Senate introduced the Regulatory Accountability Act of 2011 (RAA, H.R. 3010 and S. 1606 ). The House passed H.R. 3010 on December 2, 2011, by a vote of 253-167. If enacted, the RAA would make broad changes to the federal rulemaking process. Federal a... |
train_11976 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2010, malaria infected an estimated 216 million people and killed 655,000 people, most of whom were children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the current burden of disease, malaria is preventable and treatable. Congress has increasingly recognized malaria as an important foreign policy issue, and... | [
"The United States has supported anti-malaria programs since the 1950s. Global malaria received greater attention in 2005 when President Bush launched the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), a five-year plan to expand U.S. malaria efforts. In FY2008, Congress significantly increased its funding for global malaria... |
train_11977 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government owns or leases 3.7 billion square feet of office space, which may be vulnerable to acts of terrorism and other forms of violence. The Interagency Security Committee (ISC) was created by E.O. 12977 in 1995, following the domestic terrorist bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklaho... | [
"In FY2006, the federal government's real property portfolio consisted of 3.87 billion square feet of owned and leased office space. The General Services Administration (GSA), through its Public Buildings Service (PBS), is the primary federal real property and asset management agency, with a real property portfolio... |
train_11978 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has broad plenary authority to determine classes of aliens who may be admitted into the United States and the grounds for which they may be removed. Pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended, certain conduct may either disqualify an alien from entering the United States ("inadmissibilit... | [
"Congress has broad plenary authority to determine classes of aliens who may be admitted into the United States and the grounds for which they may be removed. Pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended, certain conduct may either disqualify an alien from entering the United States or provide ... |
train_11979 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As Congress searches for ways to generate savings, reduce the deficit, and fund federal programs, it has held hearings and passed legislation to prevent and recover improper payments. Improper payments—which exceeded $115 billion in FY2011—are payments made in an incorrect amount, payments that should not have been mad... | [
"In an effort to reduce and ultimately eliminate billions of dollars in improper payments made by federal agencies each fiscal year, Congress passed the Improper Payments Information Act (IPIA; P.L. 107-300 ; 116 Stat. 2350) in 2002. IPIA established an initial framework for identifying, measuring, preventing, and ... |
train_11980 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1984, the Crime Victims Fund (CVF, or the Fund) was established by the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA, P.L. 98-473) to provide funding for state victim compensation and assistance programs. Since 1984, VOCA has been amended several times to support additional victim-related activities. These amendments established withi... | [
"In 1984, the Crime Victims Fund (CVF, or the Fund) was established by the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA, P.L. 98-473 ) to provide funding for state victim compensation and assistance programs. Since 1984, VOCA has been amended several times to support additional victim-related activities. These amendments established... |
train_11981 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Obama Administration, in the FY2014 budget proposal, seeks to eliminate a set of tax expenditures that benefit the oil and natural gas industries. Supporters of these tax provisions see them as comparable to those affecting other industries and supporting the production of domestic oil and natural gas resources. Op... | [
"The Obama Administration, in the FY2014 budget proposal, has proposed eliminating a variety of federal tax deductions and credits available to the oil and natural gas industries. This year's proposals are similar to those sent to Congress in conjunction with the FY2010 through FY2013 budget requests. New revenue e... |
train_11982 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress and the Obama Administration have expressed interest in addressing multinational corporations' ability to shift profits into low- and no-tax countries with little corresponding change in business operations. Several factors appear to be driving this interest. Economists have estimated that profit shifting resu... | [
"It has been reported with increasing frequency that American corporations are engaging in profit shifting. That is, they are using tax planning strategies to avoid, delay, or reduce their U.S. tax on income earned overseas. Included among the companies that have been mentioned are Amazon, Apple, Caterpillar, Cisco... |
train_11983 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Azerbaijan is an important power in the South Caucasus by reason of its geographic location and ample energy resources, but it faces challenges to its stability, including the unresolved separatist conflict involving Nagorno Karabakh (NK). Azerbaijan enjoyed a brief period of independence in 1918-1920, after the collap... | [
"Azerbaijan enjoyed a brief period of independence in 1918-1920, after the collapse of the Tsarist Russian Empire. However, it was re-conquered by Red Army forces and thereafter incorporated into the Soviet Union. It re-gained independence when the Soviet Union collapsed at the end of 1991. Upon independence, Azerb... |
train_11984 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 193 million acres of the National Forest System (NFS) comprise 154 national forests, 20 national grasslands, and several other federal land designations. Management of the NFS is one of the three principal responsibilities of the Forest Service (FS), an agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The o... | [
"The National Forest System (NFS) is administered by the Forest Service (FS) in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The NFS is comprised of national forests, national grasslands, and various other designations. Although 87% of NFS lands are in the West, the FS administers more federal land in the East than a... |
train_11985 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A series of interrelated humanitarian crises, stemming from more than 600,000 ethnic Rohingya who have fled Burma into neighboring Bangladesh in less than 10 weeks, pose challenges for the Trump Administration and Congress on how best to respond. The flight of refugees came following attacks on security outposts in Bur... | [
"The Rohingya—a predominately Sunni Muslim minority of northern Rakhine State in Burma (Myanmar)—are facing several concurrent crises precipitated by the reported attack on August 25, 2017, on Burmese security facilities near the border with Bangladesh. The attacks, allegedly conducted by a relatively new and littl... |
train_11986 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. funding for global health has grown significantly over the last decade, from approximately $1.7 billion in FY2001 to $8.8 billion in FY2012. During the George W. Bush Administration, Congress provided unprecedented increases in global health resources, especially in support of multi-agency initiatives targeting in... | [
"Over the last decade, driven in part by recognition that global health efforts help bolster broader U.S. foreign policy goals, global health programs have received unprecedented attention and resources ( Figure 1 ). U.S. support for global health has been rooted in humanitarian concerns, but since the 1990s, it ha... |
train_11987 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The rules of the House of Representatives, especially Rules X-XIII, govern the authority and operations of its committees and subcommittees. In many respects, the House allows each of its committees to decide for itself how to conduct its business. However, the House does impose various requirements and prohibitions on... | [
"At the beginning of each Congress, the House adopts its rules of procedure for that Congress. Although it usually readopts most provisions of its rules from the previous Congress, the House also changes some aspects of its procedures for each new Congress. Rules X-XIII are the primary House rules that govern the a... |
train_11988 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Supreme Court term that began on October 3, 2016, was notably different from recent terms at the High Court. It was the first term (1) in thirty years to begin without Justice Antonin Scalia on the Court; (2) since 1987 to commence with a Court made up of fewer than nine active Justices; and (3) since 2010 in which... | [
"T he Supreme Court term that began on October 3, 2016, was notably different from recent terms at the High Court. Perhaps most conspicuously, the October 2016 term was the first term in three decades to begin without Justice Antonin Scalia on the Court. Justice Scalia, who died midway through the previous term, ha... |
train_11989 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The reduction of the number of families with children receiving cash assistance since the mid-1990s is perhaps the signature indicator used to propose that the 1996 welfare reform law was successful in reducing welfare dependency. The law ended the cash assistance program for needy families with children, Aid to Famili... | [
"The 1996 welfare law (the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996; P.L. 104-193 ) was enacted after decades of debate about the causes and effects of welfare receipt and concerns about \"welfare depen dency.\" It ended the cash assistance program Aid to Families with Dependent Child... |
train_11990 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal role in assisting states and communities to clean up brownfield sitesâreal property affected by the potential presence of environmental contaminationâhas been an ongoing issue for more than a decade. With the enactment of the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act ( P.L. 107-... | [
"The federal role in assisting states and communities to clean up brownfields for productive use has been an ongoing issue for more than a decade. As defined by statute, brownfield sites are \"real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of ... |
train_11991 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During the final months of recent presidential administrations, federal agencies have typically issued a larger number of rules relative to comparable time periods earlier in the administration. This phenomenon is often referred to as "midnight rulemaking." Various scholars and public officials have documented evidence... | [
"D uring the final months of recent presidential administrations, federal agencies have typically issued a larger number of rules relative to comparable time periods earlier in the administration. This phenomenon is often referred to as \"midnight rulemaking.\" Various scholars and public officials have documented ... |
train_11992 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of Peru's government and economy and a discussion of issues in relations between the United States and Peru. Peru and the United States have a strong and cooperative relationship. Several issues in U.S.-Peru relations are likely to be considered in decisions by Congress and the Administ... | [
"Peru has had a turbulent political history, alternating between periods of democratic and authoritarian rule. Political turmoil dates back to Peru's traumatic experience during the Spanish conquest, which gave rise to the economic, ethnic, and geographic divisions that characterize Peruvian society today. Since it... |
train_11993 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Biochar is a charcoal produced under high temperatures using crop residues, animal manure, or any type of organic waste material. Depending on the feedstock, biochar may look similar to potting soil or to a charred substance. The combined production and use of biochar is considered a carbon-negative process, meaning th... | [
"Biochar—a charcoal produced under high temperatures using crop residues, animal manure, or other organic material—has the potential to offer multiple environmental benefits. Some contend that biochar can meet pressing environmental demands by sequestering large amounts of carbon in soil. It is of interest to those... |
train_11994 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Faced with distressed state budgets and lower revenue, many governors and state legislatures have focused on the collective bargaining rights of public employees as a way to control expenses. Legislation that would limit such rights has reportedly been introduced in at least 22 states. In general, the sponsors of such ... | [
"Faced with distressed state budgets and lower revenue, many governors and state legislatures have focused on the collective bargaining rights of public employees as a way to control expenses. Legislation that would limit such rights has reportedly been introduced in at least 22 states. In general, the sponsors of ... |
train_11995 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As the debate on reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) has progressed, increasing concern has been raised about how a U.S. reduction program would interact with those of other countries. In a global context where currently some countries have legally binding policies to reduce greenhouse gas emission and other countries do ... | [
"As the debate on reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) has progressed, increasing concern has been raised about how a U.S. reduction program would interact with programs in other countries. In a global context where currently some countries have legally binding policies to reduce greenhouse gas emission and other count... |
train_11996 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the United States, states have primary responsibility for the administration of federal elections. The federal government, however, has significant authority to determine how these elections are run, and may direct states to implement such federal regulations as the federal government provides. This authority can ex... | [
"In the United States, states have traditionally exercised primary responsibility for the administration of elections for federal and state offices. Because of this decentralized authority, there is often significant variation in how different states regulate elections. For instance, states are likely to use differ... |
train_11997 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The international saga of Andrew Speaker, a traveler thought to have XDR-TB, a drug-resistant form of tuberculosis, placed a spotlight on existing mechanisms to contain contagious disease threats and raised numerous legal and public health issues. This report presents the factual situation presented by Andrew Speaker. ... | [
"\" Infectious diseases are not a thing of the past .... We need to continually adapt our prevention and response capabilities in an era of increasing threat and globalization. \" The international saga of Andrew Speaker, a traveler thought to have XDR-TB, an extensively drug-resistant form of tuberculosis, placed ... |
train_11998 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In January 2005, Viktor Yushchenko became Ukraine's new President, after massivedemonstrations helped to overturn the former regime's electoral fraud, in what has been dubbed the"Orange Revolution," after Yushchenko's campaign color. The "Orange Revolution" has sparkeda great deal of interest in Congress and elsewhere.... | [
"Ukraine's \"Orange Revolution\" has sparked a great deal of interest in Congress andelsewhere. Some hope that Ukraine may finally embark on a path of comprehensive reforms andEuro-Atlantic integration after nearly 15 years of half-measures and false starts. Others are interestedin the geopolitical implications of ... |
train_11999 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Taxpayers who purchased a principal residence in 2008-2010 (and in some cases, 2011) may have qualified for a tax credit under Section 36 of the Internal Revenue Code—the first-time homebuyer credit. This credit was amended several times with changes being made to the amount of the credit, the requirements for qualifyi... | [
"Section 36 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) provides for a credit for many taxpayers who bought a principal residence in 2008, 2009, or 2010. The amounts of the credit vary depending upon whether the property was purchased in 2008 or was purchased later and, for purchases made after 2008, whether the purchaser q... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.